江苏省南京市秦淮区南京市中华中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学英语试题

第 1 页 共 10 页 中华中学 2026 届南京市高三学情调研模拟考试 高三英语 本卷考试时间：120 分钟 总分：150 分 命题人：沙银霞 祝夕越 李霞 审题人：沙银霞 祝夕越 李霞 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 5小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 7.5分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳 选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 1. What causes the problem according to the woman? A. The laptop. B. The email account. C. The Internet connection. 2. How will the man’s sister help the woman? A. Buy her a dress. B. Alter her dress. C. Make her a new dress. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. A meeting. B. A colleague. C. A lunch break. 4. What is the result of the match? A. 3:3. B. 3:2. C. 2:0. 5. What is the woman probably doing? A. Taking exercise. B. Hanging a curtain. C. Working on a project. 第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个 选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听 完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. Where does the conversation take place? A. In a bakery. B. In a fruit shop. C. In a restaurant. 7. What is free? A. A strawberry pie. B. A delivery service. C. A custom message. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。 8. When did Nina begin taking evening classes? A. One year ago. B. Two years ago. C. Three years ago. 9. What does Nina particularly enjoy doing in fashion design? A. Making plastic scarves. B. Designing special styles. C. Trying different materials. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. Where do Peter’s grandparents live? A. In Britain. B. In France. C. In China. 11. What is the relationship between Angie and Peter? 第 2 页 共 10 页 A. Mother and son. B. Sister and brother. C. Wife and husband. 12. What will the speakers do first? A. Attend a wedding. B. Go to the beach. C. Explore a market. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. What was Mark’s opinion on being a potter at a younger age? A. Challenging. B. Pleasing. C. Confusing. 14. Why did Mark decide to do pottery? A. To follow the family tradition. B. To support his company’s operations. C. To try something different and artistic. 15. What was Mark’s problem when going back to school? A. Lacking enthusiasm. B. Handling physical challenges. C. Fitting in with young students. 16. What kind of pots will Mark be working on? A. Large ones. B. Brightly colored ones. C. Complicated ones. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. Why did the speaker start his writing blog in 2014? A. To share his parenting tips. B. To document his writing process. C. To promote his wife’s new career. 18. What motivated the speaker to join book blogging? A. A desire to sell his novels. B. An inspiring blog tour experience. C. Pressure from writing communities. 19. How does the speaker write book reviews on his blog? A. By focusing on questions about the books. B. By comparing different books. C. By offering honest reviews. 20. What effect has book blogging had on the speaker? A. It helps him write more books. B. It allows him to meet more readers. C. It increases his understanding of literature. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节（共 15小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A New Scientist is the world’s most popular weekly science and technology publication. Our website, app and print editions cover international news from a scientific standpoint. Highlights： 第 3 页 共 10 页 News & Features Daily online updates and weekly magazine top picks bring you the latest scientific news, covering everything from artificial intelligence to breakthroughs in health and quantum physics. Written by researchers and expert journalists, feature articles separate fact from fiction and turn discoveries into easy-to-understand knowledge—no science background needed. Culture This section explores the intersection of science and culture, featuring reviews of books, events, and exhibitions. It highlights the impact of science on society and the arts. Views We present readers’ letters, opinions, and articles by editors, offering in-depth analysis and diverse viewpoints on science, culture, and social issues. This section encourages critical thinking and discussion. Subscriber-only Benefits： •Exclusive(专享的) access to articles with great content •Priority to paid tours to sites of scientific importance worldwide •Four free virtual events each year, including lectures and masterclasses on science topics •Newsletters with the latest news and insights, sent directly to your email or digital devices 21. What can you find in New Scientist? A. Latest science fiction. B. In-depth scientific research papers. C. Academic writing guide. D. Beginner-friendly science articles. 22. What is an advantage of being a subscriber? A. Getting free reading devices. B. Taking discounted science tours. C. Staying informed of e-updates. D. Attending lectures in universities. 23. How much is the annual subscription for print and digital access after the 10-week trial? A. $99. B. $199. C. $298. D. $240. B Did you know that an average Indian household wastes over 50 litres of water daily? At just 18, Mannat Kaur has found a way to change that. Mannat’s story towards sustainability began at home. Her parents had educated her in following a more sustainable path towards everyday events. This 第 4 页 共 10 页 early exposure to sustainable practices laid the foundation for her later efforts. However, Mannat’s passion for water recycling was sparked by a first-hand experience in 2016. “I saw people struggling for two days during a supply shortage in Delhi’s canals, searching for water and carrying their pots,” recalls Mannat. Determined to find a solution, 10-year-old Mannat started researching. She surveyed 400 people to understand barriers to greywater(洗涤水) recycling. Mannat found that people were willing to have a recycling system, but the limitations and the insufficiency of knowledge stopped them from doing so. Driven by a desire to bridge this gap, Mannat began a mission. Her innovation, a decentralised(分散的) greywater recycling system, comprises two key components: the Bilge Vessel (BV) and the Scupper Valve (SV). The Scupper Valve, a compact device placed in the floor drain, collects shower and kitchen greywater, which is then pumped to the Bilge Vessel or filtration. The Bilge Vessel is a three-bucket filtration system that purifies water using natural filter media. “The Bilge Vessel stores the recycled water, which can be used for non­drinking operations and activities that require non-human contact like irrigation, mopping, car washing, etc.,” shares Mannat. The impact of Mannat’s system is evident in her own home, where the prototype has been functioning for two years. For a family of four, the system saves 5,000 to 6,000 litres of potable water per month, effectively recycling 50% of their water demand. Furthermore, her decentralised approach significantly reduces carbon emissions compared to traditional centralised sewage treatment systems. Mannat Kaur’s journey is an inspiring example of how youthful innovation, coupled with a deep understanding of real-world problems, can lead to impactful solutions. Her greywater recycling system addresses water scarcity and promotes a sustainable lifestyle, making her a true champion of environmental stewardship. 24. What inspired Mannat to focus on water recycling? A. A scientific project. B. Delhi’s water crisis. C. Her parents’ advice. D. A household practice. 25. What was a problem with greywater recycling according to the survey? A. The lack of governmental guidance. B. The limitation of natural filter media. C. The great distance between families. D. The challenges in knowledge and methods. 26. How does Mannat’s creation work? A. By collecting, filtering and storing. B. By treating, purifying and storing. C. By reducing, recycling and reusing. D. By pumping, filtering and dumping. 27. Which might be the best title for the text? A. Reducing Pollution in Households B. Personal Efforts in Water Conservation C. A Teen’s Innovation for Water Recycling D. The History of Pollution Treatment Systems 第 5 页 共 10 页 C Neighboring groups of birds within the same species can create very different-looking nests—showing that their nest­building choices aren’t only controlled by instinct and the environment. Instead, these birds seem to learn rules for nest-making that get passed down within a family group from generation to generation. That’s the conclusion of researchers who studied nearly 450 grassy structures built over two years by white-browed sparrow weavers living in the Kalahari Desert in South Africa. These small, brown-and-white birds live in groups, and it turns out that groups of birds that lived quite near to each other built distinctive architectural forms. The biggest difference was in “how short or long the structures are,” says study lead author Maria C. Tello-Ramos, a cognitive ecologist at the University of Hull in England. Furthermore, each group maintained the same architectural style over time—and when outsiders joined, they adapted to this style. To examine what might account for the observed differences, the team carefully analyzed factors that can determine a nest’s size and shape for a given bird species: weather conditions, tree height, individuals’ body size and genetic relatedness. Yet none of these factors seemed to play a relevant role in shaping how the Kalahari sparrows built their nests, the researchers report in Science. “Then we say, ‘Okay’, so what is left?” Tello­Ramos explains. She and her colleagues proposed that cultural transmission might be key to nest building. “In our paper, we haven't gotten there yet with experiments, but we have very good clues that that might be it,” she says. “These are important questions that are understudied,” says Christina Riehl, an evolutionary biologist. She’s not convinced the study’s data are enough to fully rule out genetic influence. “They can’t actually look at the effect of, say, genetic differences, because they don’t have really good genetic information on all the individuals in these groups,” she says. “I think there’s a lot left to be done, and I think this paper will inspire future research in a really good way.” 28. What plays a key role in birds’ nest­building choices according to the new study? A. Living conditions. B. Group traditions. C. The influence of neighbors. D. The species of birds. 29. What do we know about the nests built by neighboring groups of birds? A. They are modeled after each other. B. They are made of different materials. C. They share the same architectural style. D. They vary most significantly in length. 30. How did Tello-Ramos and her colleagues reach the study conclusion? A. Through statistical methods. B. Through careful experiments. C. By excluding other possible factors. D. By reviewing findings of previous studies. 31. What does Christina Riehl think of the study? A. Limited but inspiring. B. Understudied and misleading. 第 6 页 共 10 页 C. Controversial but well-designed. D. Convincing and groundbreaking. D A research team, led by Dr. Lee Seung-Hee, Associate Director of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS), has uncovered a fundamental principle of how the brain prioritizes vision and hearing differently depending on whether we are still or in motion. The study provides new insights into the brain's sensory decision-making processes and how they adapt to behavioral states. In daily life, we constantly process visual and auditory information to explore the world. For example, when watching a movie, the brain integrates images and sounds to create a unified experience. However, during movement—such as walking down a busy street—the brain may prioritize visual input over sound to avoid obstacles. Until now, the neural mechanisms behind this sensory prioritization remained unclear. Understanding this process is particularly important for individuals with sensory processing disorders, such as autism or schizophrenia, where the brain may grapple with integrating sensory information effectively. By uncovering how the brain naturally shifts between sensory inputs, researchers hope to pave the way for better treatment for these conditions. To investigate this phenomenon, the research team conducted behavioral experiments on mice, monitoring real-time brain activity using miniature microscopes and optogenetics, a technique that uses light to control neurons. The mice were trained to respond to both visual and auditory cues while either stationary or running on a treadmill. The results revealed a striking shift in sensory reliance: When stationary, the mice relied more on auditory cues to make decisions. When moving, their brains prioritized visual input. This suggests that the brain dynamically adjusts sensory weighting based on behavioral context. Sound may be more useful for detecting nearby events when still whereas vision becomes critical during movement for spatial navigation and stability. This discovery could have important implications for understanding and treating sensory processing disorders, where the brain may struggle to properly prioritize sensory inputs. Dr. Lee explained, “Our findings demonstrate how the brain flexibly shifts between vision and hearing depending on behavior. Understanding this natural adaptability could lead to improved treatments for those with sensory integration difficulties.” 32. What was the main focus of Dr. Lee’s research? A. How behavior boosts the brain function. B. How physical state affects sensory focus. C. How information is processed by the brain. D. How sensory input guides decision-making. 33. What do the underlined words “grapple with” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Result in. B. Put off. C. Speed up. D. Struggle with. 34. How did the researchers investigate sensory prioritization in mice? A. By tracking their brain activity during sensory tasks. B. By monitoring their adaptation to light and sound. C. By recording their instant reactions to movement. D. By comparing corresponding human behavior. 第 7 页 共 10 页 35. What is the significance of the research? A. Advancing therapies for sensory integration difficulties. B. Clarifying debates about humans’ adaptability. C. Enhancing the brain’s processing efficiency. D. Developing sensory integration techniques. 第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2. 5 分，满分 12. 5 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It was dinner time, yet I hadn’t finished my work for the day. Cheery people who were enjoying their holiday time buzzed around me. But with my head down and headphones in, I had interacted with very few of them. The day passed more like a fast-forwarded video than something that I actually fully experienced. 36 This was my first week living the digital nomad(游民) lifestyle. I had left my corporate role and found freelance (自由职业的) writing work online to afford me the freedom to travel. 37 With enthusiasm, I expected my attitude would also change. Instead, the first surprising realization of my travel journey had hit: despite changing my formal suits to casuals, I was the exact same person I had been at home. I had prepared excitedly, surfing online about digital nomadism. 38 While you might expect finances to be the biggest killer of this lifestyle, unrealistic expectations are the death blow that I hear about most often. After six years abroad, realism is now the primary message I share. 39 Instead of an office room, you’ll work from a balcony overlooking the Mediterranean or a sunny rooftop in the heart of Marrakesh. Instead of waiting at the coffee machine next to complaining colleagues, your daily coffee run will lead you down dusty cobblestone streets into tiny cafes. These dreams exist and are waiting for you once you clear customs. But that’s not all that’s waiting for new digital nomads. 40 At-home life and life on the road can at times feel shockingly similar, or, if bad work habits take over, even worse. It’s an important expectation to understand before you set out on your digital nomad lifestyle: your surroundings will change, but you take you everywhere that you go. No matter how ultra-light you pack. A. But this wasn’t at a tiring nine-to-five office job. B. And my surroundings looked different. C. This was a typical day back in my office I managed to escape. D. Should you choose to become a digital nomad, your environment would change. E. You’ll still wake up with emails in your inbox and to-dos begging to be handled. F. New surroundings may also make you fully engaged in your work. G. Yet somehow I unknowingly over-consumed expectation and under-consumed realism. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 15小题；每小题 1分，满分 15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Traveling initially felt like something fake. I was tired of backpackers talking about their “___41___” experiences. Then before long, I found myself on a plane to my friend’s hometown in 第 8 页 共 10 页 Athens, excited but____42____ about what would happen once we landed. The voyage proved worth it. Every step through the ancient streets revealed new ___43___. However, what really changed my understanding of travel was a chance ___44___ with a local welder (焊工). While we were walking, a strange sound ___45___ our attention—a rhythmic clinking breaking the ____46____ of the street. Around the corner rose a ____47____ workshop. Inside, common tools shone with uncommon beauty. A heavy silence filled the air as time slowed down, allowing me the space to ___48___ every little detail. Absorbed in his work, the welder didn’t ___49___ an eye at us. At that moment, all that was ___50___ was his short hair and a figure ___51___by years of manual (体力的) work. His hands ___52___ worked the metal as if he were a magician creating sparks and flames. As the man continued welding, I felt a sudden feeling of___53___for his peace and satisfaction. I longed for the ____54____he embodied (体现). Watching the welder, I realized that happiness lies not in gathering passport stamps or material possessions, but in finding ___55___ within yourself, not in the grand or the eternal, but in the simplest of moments — the ordinary made extraordinary. 41. A. awful B. transformative C. frightening D. changeable 42. A. cautious B. enthusiastic C. concerned D. desperate 43. A. wonders B. plans C. evidences D. signs 44. A. exchange B. association C. exploration D. encounter 45. A. arrested B. distracted C. escaped D. deserved 46. A. foundation B. unity C. quietness D. order 47. A. private B. humble C. recreational D. decent 48. A. present B. announce C. confirm D. notice 49. A. drop B. shut C. bat D. narrow 50. A. visible B. functional C. unique D. accessible 51. A. ruined B. hardened C. fenced D. burdened 52. A. awkwardly B. deliberately C. efficiently D. expertly 53. A. curiosity B. sympathy C. envy D. gratitude 54. A. proficiency B. simplicity C. generosity D. integrity 55. A. strength B. compromise C. intention D. contentment 第二节 （共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese artificial intelligence start-up DeepSeek has introduced a novel approach to improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), 56 the public awaiting the release of the company’s next-generation model. In collaboration with researchers from Tsinghua University, DeepSeek developed a technique that combines methods 57 (refer) to as generative reward modelling (GRM) and self-principled critique tuning, according to a paper published on Friday. The dual approach aims to enable LLMs 58 (deliver) better and faster results to general queries. The resulting DeepSeek-GRM models outperformed 59 (exist) methods, having 第 9 页 共 10 页 “achieved 60 (compete) performance” with strong public reward models, the researchers wrote. Reward modelling is a process that guides an LLM towards human 61 (prefer). DeepSeek said the company 62 (intend) to make the GRM models open source, according to the researchers, but they did not give a timeline. The academic paper, published on the online scientific paper repository arXiv, comes amid speculation (推测) about the start-up’s next move, 63 (follow) the global attention acquired by the firm’s latest V3 foundation model and RI reasoning model. Reuters reported last month that DeepSeek-R2, the successor to R1, could be released as soon as this month, as 64 company rushes to expand. The release of DeepSeek-R1 rocked the global tech community with its cost-efficient performance 65 matched leading models. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节 （满分 15分） 假定你是李华，外教 Mr. Smith 计划拍摄一部校园微电影，现就电影主题征集同学们的建议。 请你给他写封邮件，内容包括： 1. 你认为最好的主题； 2. 你的理由。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为 80 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 第二节 （满分 25分） 第二节 （满分 25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Ever since my dad passed away, my life changed. My Mom was always busy with work, leaving little time for me. Every day after school, I had to go to daycare until she finished her work. Even Sundays were no exception. One day, at dinner time, I asked Mom, “Can we please go to the food festival this Sunday?” I begged. “I’m sorry, Lilly. I have to work,” she replied. “But we never spend time together anymore. Can’t you take the day off?” I begged. Mom placed a plate of freshly baked cherry pie in front of me and kissed my head. Dear Mr. Smith, Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第 10 页 共 10 页 “We’ll see,” she said with a slight smile. On Sunday morning, I heard the rhythmic chop (切) of fruit and the sound of blender (搅拌机) as if Mom was making something special in the kitchen. When I rushed to the kitchen, I was surprised to see Mom, in her work clothes, busy preparing some food. My heart sank. “You’re going to work again?” I asked tentatively (试探性地). Mom bent down next to me and put her hand on my shoulder, “Sorry, Lilly I have to go today.” Tears streamed down my face as I yelled, “You never have time for me anymore.” Overwhelmed with disappointment, I ran to my room and slammed the door. As I was crying on my bed I could hear Mom talk on the phone, “Hi, Betty. I have work today and Lily is in a bad mood. I was wondering if you could come over and watch her for a few hours? … Great… Thanks so much. See you soon.” A few hours later, my aunt Betty came over and Mom left. I heard Betty knock on my bedroom door. “Lilly, your Mom left a note for you on the kitchen table.” 注意: 1. 续写词数应为 150 个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Curious, I opened the door and hurried to the kitchen. Back from work, Mom prepared the mini food festival as promised.