Unit 3 Same or Different 核心知识点精讲精练 3(Section B)-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册教材核心知识全解（人教版2024）

Unit 3 Same or Different 核心知识点精讲精练 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section B部分包括本部分重点短语、重点词汇(包括重点的小学词汇)、重难句型等核心知识点。 · Section B部分包含数量丰富与多类型的随学随练，基础知识综合练习(填写单词，用适当形式填空等)与技能提升综合练习(听力、阅读理解、完形填空，语篇填空等)。 · Section B部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. similar to 与...类似 2. different from 与...不同 3. hang out 出去闲逛 4. play badminton 打羽毛球 5. because of 因为 6. get better at 变得更加擅长于... 7. in other ways 在其他方面 8. as serious as 和...一样严肃的 9. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物 10. respect each other’s differences 尊重彼此的不同 11. learn from 向/从...学习 12. kind of 稍微，有点儿 13. a great sense of humor 很好的幽默感 14. thanks to 归功于；由于；因为 15. be afraid to do 害怕做某事 16. make a mistake 犯错误 17. be glad to do 很高兴做某事 18. an honest friend 一个城市的朋友 19. in a straightforward way 以直截了当的方式 20. put a lot of time into... 投入很多时间 21. by accident 偶然；意外地 22. make me laugh 使我微笑 23. silver lining 一线光明 24. in difficult situations 在困难的情况下 25. be always there 时刻准备伸手援助；随叫随到，不离...左右 26. care about 关心；担心 27. reach for 伸手触碰 28. touch your heart 感动你的内心 29. be ready to do 准备好做某事；乐意做某事 30. lend (sb) a hand 帮助(某人) 2、 重点词汇解析(单词前标*为初中新学词汇) 1. *interest /ˈɪntrest/ n. 业余爱好；兴趣 v. 使感兴趣 [词汇拓展] interested(adj.)感兴趣的；interesting(adj.)令人感兴趣 [词汇搭配] have similar interests有类似的兴趣；take an interest in...对...感兴趣 [词汇例句] [随学随练] 用interest的适当形式填空。 (1) If you are   in history and culture, the Shanxi Museum is a great place to visit. (2) Some of the collections are very colorful and have  shapes.  (3) You’re sure to meet people and make new friends with some similar  . (4) The novel  us all. We all enjoy reading it. 2. *novel /ˈnɒvl/ n.小说 adj.新颖的 [词汇拓展] fiction(n.)小说；虚构的事；novelist(n.)小说家 [词汇搭配] read novels读小说；a novel way of...一个新的...方式 [词汇例句] The boy is always reads novels in the library. 这个男孩总是在图书馆读小说。 3. *difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ n. 差异 [词汇拓展] differ(v.)不同，差别；different(adj.)不同的，有差异的；differently(adv.)不同地 [词汇搭配] respect each other’s difference尊重彼此的差异 make a difference(to...)(对...)起作用，有影响 [词汇例句] I can never tell the difference between the twins.我从来都分不清这对双胞胎。 [随学随练] 用difference的适当形式填空。 (1) The rain didn't make much   to the game. (2) French and English  in this respect(方面). (3) People often give very  accounts(描述) of the same event. (4) They learns Spanish  . 4. *sense /sens/ n. 理解力；感觉；意义，含义；v. 感觉到 [词汇拓展] sensible(adj.)理智的，合理的； [词汇搭配] a great sense of humor 幽默感；a strong sense of purpose强烈的目标感，使命感 common sense常识；make sense有道理；合乎情理 make sense of理解，弄懂(不易理解的事物)；in a sense从某种意义上说 [词汇例句] He has a very good sense of direction. 他的方向感很强。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1)— Let’s turn off the lights to save the energy. — ________ Every little counts. A． Are you joking? B．That makes sense. C．That depends. D．Are you sure? (2)—I’m sure Cindy will be able to find the hotel. —She has a good ________ of direction. A．idea B．sense C．experience D．feeling 5. *humour /ˈhjuːmə(r) (= humor) n. 幽默；幽默感 [词汇拓展] humorous(adj.)幽默的 [词汇搭配] a story full of humour充满幽默的故事 [词汇例句] I can't stand people with no sense of humour . 我无法忍受毫无幽默感的人。 6. *less /les/ adj. 较少的；更少的 adv. 较少地；更少地 pron. 较少；更少 [词汇拓展] little(adj.)少的 [词汇搭配] less than少于...；less and less越来越少 [词汇例句] We have less to worry about now. 现在我们要担忧的事少一些了。 [词汇用法] · less是little的比较级，后接不可数名词。如后接可数名词复数，则用fewer。 If there are fewer cars, there will be less pollution. 如果有更少的汽车，将会有更少的污染。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1)I read ________ five books in ________ two months. A．less than; less than B．fewer than; less than C．less than; fewer than (2)Ben watched ________ TV programs last week, so he’s decided to watch ________ TV. A．too many; less B．too many; fewer C．too little; more D．little; too much 7. *opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ n. 看法；意见 [词汇拓展] view(n.)看法 [词汇搭配] in one’s opinion依某人的观点；give direct opinion给出直接意见 be of the opinion that…相信；认为；opinion about/of/on...关于...的看法 [词汇例句] Friends may have different opinions or interests.朋友们可能会有不同的观点或兴趣。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 ________ my opinion, teenagers shouldn’t compare themselves with others. A．On B．In C．At D．For 8. *honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 [词汇拓展] honesty(n.)诚实；dishonest(adj.)不诚实的；honestly(adv.)诚实地 [词汇搭配] an honest friend一位诚实的朋友；to be honest说实话；an honest answer坦率的回答 [词汇例句] No one likes to make friends with you if you aren’t honest.如果你不诚实，没有人愿意和 你交朋友。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1)—Well done, Jim! You’re the final winner of the swimming competition. —Thanks. ________, I’ve never expected I would win. A．To my surprise B．In that case C．In my opinion D．To be honest (2)My friend Sally is ______ girl. You can trust her. A．a lazy B．a clever C．an honest D．a shy 9. *direct /dəˈrekt; dɪˈrekt/ adj. 率直的；直接的; v. 把…对准(某方向或某人)；管理，指导；导演；给(某人)指路，为(某人)领路 [词汇拓展] directly(adv.)直接地；坦率地；direction(n.)方向，方位；管理，指导；用法说明，操作 指南；indirect(adj.)间接的；director(n.)主任，经理；导演 [词汇搭配] direct sb. to...给某人指路，给某人领路；with direct experience有亲身的体验 [随学随练] 单项填空。 写出下列句子中direct的中文意思。 (1) The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg. (2) Could you direct me to the station? (3) I directed the extinguisher(灭火器) at the fire. (4) Christopher will direct day-to-day operations(运营). (5) He refused to give a direct answer. 用direct正确形式填空。 (1) “Special, funny and beautiful.” These are what the artists worked hard for, according to the movie’s  . (2) Tom went off in the  of home. (3) We are looking for somebody with  experience of this type of work. (4) Could you  them to Dr Lamont's office, please?. (5) At your first meeting, explain simply and  what you hope to achieve. (6) Poets(诗人) often express feelings in an  way. 10. *similarity /ˌsɪməˈlærəti/ n. 相似之处 [词汇拓展] similar(adj.)相似的；similarly(adv.)相似地 [词汇搭配] differences and similarities不同之处和相似之处 similarity between... and... ...与...之间的相似之处 [词汇例句] There is some similarity in the way they sing.他们的演唱风格有点像。 11. *friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ n. 友谊；友情 [词汇拓展] friend(n.)朋友；friendly(adj.)友好的 [词汇搭配] a close/lasting friendship 亲密的/持久的友谊 [词汇例句] Your friendship is very important to me. 你的友情对我非常重要。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Tina and I are good friends. Our ______ began 10 years ago. A．message B．friendship C．suggestion D．education 12. *character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ n. 人物，角色；个性，性格；文字，字母，符号 [词汇搭配] have a strong/weak character个性强/不强；main character主角 Chinese characters汉字 [词汇例句] Her strong character makes her able to fight successfully against her poor life.她坚强的性 格使她能够成功地与贫困的生活作斗争。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中character的中文意思。 (1) I find all the characters in this movie are very interesting. (2) His character makes him popular among his friends. (3) Your password(密码) should be at least 8 characters. 13. *accident /ˈæksɪdənt/n. 意外；(交通)事故 [词汇拓展] accidental(adj.)意外的；偶然的；accidentally(adv.)意外地；偶然地 [词汇搭配] by accident 偶然；意外地；a car accident车祸 [词汇例句] One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.每七次交通事故就有一次是驾车者困 倦造成的。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1)We saw ________ accident on TV this morning. A．an B．a C．the D．/ (2)—It’s a secret between us. Why did you tell it to others? —Sorry, I said it____when I was talking to others.' A．by hand B．by accident C．in public D．in  person 14. *expect /ɪkˈspekt/ v. 预料；期待 [词汇拓展] expected(adj.)预料的；预期的;unexpected(adj.)出乎意料的；expectation(n.)预料；期待 [词汇搭配] expect to do期待做某事；expect sb. to do期待某人做某事；It’s expected that...预计... expect sth. of/from指望 [词汇例句] He's still getting over his illness, so don't expect too much from him.他仍处于康复期，所 以不要对他期望过高。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —What will you do after you finish the homework? —I’ve no idea. But my mum expects me ________ with the housework. A．helping B．to help C．help D．helps 15. *silver /ˈsɪlvə(r)/ adj. 银色的 n. 银 [词汇拓展] gold(adj.)金色的；(n.)金 [词汇搭配] silver lining /ˈlæmɪŋ/ 一线光明 [词汇例句] Every cloud has a silver lining.黑暗中总有一线光明。 16. *situation /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ n. 情况；状况 [词汇搭配] in difficult situations在困难的情况中 [词汇例句] He could see no way out of the situation.他找不到摆脱困境的出路。 17. *reach /riːtʃ/ v. 伸手，碰到，触及；到达，抵达； 取得(一致意见)，达成(协议)；达到(某点)，进入(某阶段)；n. 可达到的距离；(伸手)可及之距离 [词汇拓展] [词汇搭配] reach for 伸手触碰；reach a decision作出决定；reach an agreement达成一致 [词汇例句] Judy reached into her handbag and handed me a book.朱蒂把手伸进提包，递给我一本书。 [词汇辨析] arrive / get / reach表示“到达” · arrive表示“到达”，后加介词at或in，通常arrive at后接较小的地点；arrive in后接较大的地点。 They arrived in Nanjing at 5 p.m.. 他们下午5点抵达南京。 · get表示“到达”，后加介词to。 Walk along the road and you will get to your grandmother’s house soon.沿着这条路走，你很快就能到 你奶奶家。 · reach表示“到达”，后直接跟表示地点的名词或代词。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Could you tell me when you will ______ Tokyo? —I’m not sure. When I ________, I will call you. A．get; arrive B．arrive in; reach C．reach; arrive D．get to; arrive in 18. *touch /tʌtʃ/ v. 触动，感动；触碰，摸；比得上，与...媲美；n. 触摸，碰；修饰，润色 [词汇拓展] touched(adj.)感到的；touching(adj.)令人感动的 [词汇搭配] get/keep in touch with取得联系/保持联系；lose touch with失去联系 a touch of 一点儿，少许；put the finishing touches to对...做最后的修饰 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中touch的中文意思。 (1) You can take photos here, but don’t touch the things here. (2) Her story touched us all deeply. (3) No one can touch these girls for professionalism(职业素养). (4) I got a touch on my shoulder. (5) I spent the morning putting the finishing touches to the report. (6) My friend and I stay in touch online. 3、 重难句型解析 1. than引导比较状语从句 (教材原文) He plays badminton better than I do, so he always wins our matches.他的羽毛球打得比我好,所以他总是能赢我们的比赛。 (教材原文) I read more history books than he does, and he reads a lot of novels.我比他读更多的历史书,而他则读很多小说。 上述两句中的...better than I do和I read more history books than he does都是than引导的比较状语从句。 than引导比较状语从句时，从句结构与前面句子的结构大部分情况是相同的，并且相同部分可以省略，从句中的出现的与主句中相同的动词常常用do的适当形式来代替。如：He plays badminton better than I do中do代替play。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1)Lucy has more foreign friends than Lily ________. A．is B．has C．have D．does (2)This year, our school team played ________ than last year. A．more successfully B．successfully C．most successfully D．the most successfully 2. as...as引导比较状语从句 (教材原文)He is as serious as me.他和我一样认真。 as...as结构中，第一个as是副词，用在形容词和副词前，常译为“同样地，一样地”；第二个as为连词，连接一个与前句相同结构的句子，相同部分常省略，省略后在没有歧义时，主语用主格或宾格均可。此句中第二个as后完整结构为as I am serious. 例如：He runs as fast as his brother (does). [随学随练] 单项填空。 — Helen is a great writer. —I agree with you. And her sister writes as______ as Helen. A．good B．better C．well D．best 3. like比喻句 (教材原文)I think a good friend is like a mirror.我认为好朋友就像一面镜子。 此句是一个运用了比喻修辞手法的句子，其中like作介词，表示“像”，是比喻词，a good friend是本体，a mirror是喻体。 例如：This book is like an old friend of mine. 4. who引导定语从句 (教材原文)For me, friends who are different make me better.对我来说,不同的朋友让我变得更好。 此句中who are different修饰friends，是一个定语从句。定语从句是修饰名词，作定语的句子。通常由who,that,which等引导，如果定语从句本身不缺乏主干成分，则有when,why,where等引导。 如：I will never forget the days that/which we spent on the island. The boy who is from Shanxi is my good friend. 4、 其他重要知识点讲解 1. by+doing表方式 (教材原文)You can understand people by knowing their friends.你可以通过了解他们的朋友来了解他们。 (教材原文)We are always ready to help each other by lending a hand.我们总是愿意伸出援手,互相帮助。 by+doing结构可以表示“通过...方式”。 例如：You can improve your listening skills by watching English movies. [随学随练] 单项填空。 By ________ children good habits, we hope they can become great people. A．teach B．teaching C．teaches D．taught 2. because与because of用法 (教材原文)We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests. 我们经常在一起玩,因为我们有相似的爱好和兴趣。 (教材原文)Because of that, l try harder when l practise, and now I'm getting better at badminton.正因为如此,我在练习时更加努力,现在我的羽毛球打得越来越好了。 because用作连词，后接原因状语从句；because of中of为介词，后接名词、名词短语或名词性质的词等。 例如：He was late because he stayed up late yesterday. We put off the activity because of the heavy rain. [随学随练] 单项填空。 We finally finished the difficult project not only ________ we tried our best, but also ________ our teamwork. A．because; because B．because; because of C．because of; because D．because of; because of 5、 基础知识综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) He looked at himself in the  (镜子). (2)      (说实话), volunteering is both a chance to help others and a good way to develop ourselves. (3) My Uncle Jim has a good      (幽默感). (4)      (在我看来), doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teach them how to look after themselves. (5)    (归功于，由于) the phone and e-mail, we’re able to speak or write to each other almost every day. (6) When you      (犯错误), don’t get angry with yourself. (7) The girl was shopping when she saw a car  (事故). (8) I want to solve the problem by   (直接的) discussion with them. (9) He always      (期待获得) a little gift from his mother on his birthday. (10) In one famous competition, some of the kites are more than      (三米高). (11) She realized that every cloud did indeed have a    (一线光明). (12) I’m so proud of you, Mary. You never give up      (在困难的情况中). (13) Helping others is not difficult, and everyone can      (伸出援助之手). (14) A true friend    (伸手触碰) your hand and       (感动你的内心). (15) Mary      (与...类似) her sister in personality, but sometimes they think differently. (16) —Oh! I forgot to bring my ruler. —Don’t worry. I can        (和你分享我的尺子). (17) Mary, I’m unhappy because my parents only    (关心) my marks. (18) It’s fantastic to see so many Disney cartoon  (人物，角色). How wonderful! 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) The story is  (interest) and all of us are  (interest) in it. (2) —I heard that Jim gave up his job.  my opinion, it’s not a smart decision. —I agree with you. (3) My lifestyle is   (different) from my good friend’s. You’re right. There are some  (different) between us. (4) People think Xu Xiake is as  (great)as Zhang Qian and Xuanzang. (5) The more  (touch) the movie is, the more people will be   (touch). (6) —Peter will enter the English competition tomorrow. —He is good at speaking English. I expect him  (win). (7) Thanks  Frank’s help, Leo could do well in math now. (8) The sunlight comes into the house through the window  (direct). (9) The kids enjoy a truly amazing school life by  (have) colourful activities. (10) Tea is one of the most important drinks in the world. It is an  (accident) invention. (11) There is an uncommon  (similar) between the twin sisters. (12) The hot pot on the bus is different  most hot pot restaurants. (13) He is   (good) at playing soccer than his brother. (14) —Are you as  hard) as your brother? —No, he works  (hard) than me. 3. 单项填空。 (1) Peter’s main _______ is music, and he wants to see Beijing Opera in the teahouse. A．interest B．idea C．sense D．plan (2) —Good news! You’ve passed the PE test. —Hooray! ________, I was worried about it. A．To be honest B．In my opinion C．As a result D．By accident (3) —Jim.can you tell the ________ between the twins?I always make a mistake about their names. —Yes.The one who is a little taller is the sister,Jane. A．differences B．similarities C．decisions D．appearances (4) Linda has enough money, so she doesn’t ________ the price of the dictionary. A．care about B．talk about C．learn about D．hear about (5) —Why did Emily win the dancing competition? —________ practicing every day, she improved a lot. A．According to B．Thanks to C．Instead of D．As for (6) ________ animals are in danger and there will be ________ space for them if we don’t help them. A．More and more; more and more B．Less and less; less and less C．More and more; less and less D．Less and less; more and more (7) —________ do you study English? —________ listening to tapes. A．How; By B．Where; With C．When; By D．How; With (8) Jim is late ________ he has a cold, not ________ the bad weather. A．because; because B．because of; because C．because of; because of D．because; because of (9) Our school basketball team trains ________ this year than last year. A．carefully B．more carefully C．more careful D．careful (10) Helping others is just as ________ as getting help from others. A．exciting B．more exciting C．most exciting D．the most exciting 6、 技能提升综合练习 1. 听力选择 听材料，回答各题。 (1)What’s wrong with Tim? A．He lost his book. B．He argued with his friend. C．He was hungry. (2)What will Tim do to say sorry to his best friend? A．Go to his friend’s house. B．Write a letter to his friend. C．Call his friend up. (3)What will Tim borrow from the girl? A．A book. B．A ticket. C．Some money. 听短文，根据短文内容选择正确的选项。 (4)Where did Renee live? A．In France. B．In South Africa. C．In the USA． (5)Why did Renee and the writer write in French later? A．Because Renee wasn’t good at English. B．Because the writer wanted to master French. C．Because French was more popular than English. (6)What did the writer think of Renee’s family? A．Patient. B．Friendly. C．Knowledgeable. (7)When did Renee and the writer meet for the first time? A．In 1949. B．In 1952. C．In 1955. (8)What does the story mainly tell us? A．Letters are becoming less and less important now. B．It is necessary for people to learn another language. C．The writer has had the lifelong friendship by making a pen pal. 听短文，根据短文内容完成图表中所缺信息。短文念三遍。 Paul and his (9) , David (10) hobbies playing basketball, playing the drums, writing and reading books Different personal traits *Paul looks (11) and more hard-working. *David is friendlier, more outgoing and popular. Resolutions Paul plans to play the drums better and David hopes to (12) his English. Meaning of friends Friends are important and (13) in each other. 2. 补全对话 A: Hey, how’s it going? B: Oh, all right. I’m trying to make friends. 1 A: Yes. I think you should talk more often with the pcople who you want to make friends! B: Okay, thanks for your advice. 2 A: Go ahead please. I’m pleased to help you. B: 3 A: Yes, of course. Friends need to communicate with each other. B: Then I won’t be shy to ask for their phone numbers. What kind of friends should I make? A: 4 I became a friend to an old man and to a young kid. B: Wow, that’s amazing. 5 Thank you! A: Good luck on that. Goodbye. B: Goodbye. A．I have one more question though. B．I’m feeling lonely without friends. C．Can you give me some advice? D．Should I try to get their phone numbers? E．I didn’t know making friends would be easy. F．You can make friends with any kind of person. G．I hope I am able to help my friends in need. 3. 语篇填空 China’s two favourite poets Li Bai and Du Fu were born about 1,300 years ago. In China, the language has changed so l 1 that poems remain easy for modern Chinese people to read. And their themes are s 2 about friendship, love and landscapes. If you were to ask any kids in the street, “What was the greatest dynasty in China’s history?” Nine out of ten of them would a 3 the Tang Dynasty. Every Chinese person learns poems by Li Bai and Du Fu from childhood. “They are as i 4 in Chinese literary history as Shakespeare is to people in Britain,” says historian Yuan Haiwang, writer of This Is China: The First 5,000 Years. “I remember when my son was only a baby held in my a 5 , I began to teach him some of the poems, even though of course he couldn’t remember all of them. But that’s what the Chinese do.” Back in the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai and Du Fu first m 6 in the year 744, when Li Bai, already a well-known poet, was 43 years of age and Du Fu was 32. They admired each other and quickly became friends. The two poets met only a couple of times during their lives. But they wrote many poems to and a 7 each other. In one poem, Du Fu wrote: When can we again hold a cup of wine, and chat about poem-writing line by l 8 ? (From“Missing Li Bai on a Spring Day”) Li Bai and Du Fu formed a lasting f 9 , which ties one heart to the other no matter how far away they are from each other. Today most Chinese people can still remember Li Bai’s and Du Fu’s poems. And they also e 10 their children to read their poems. Li Bai and Du Fu aren’t only in our textbooks but in our minds. 4. 补全语篇 Friendship is an important part of our lives. We all need friends to share our joys and sorrows with. A good friend can make us feel happy and supported. When we make friends, we should look for some qualities in them. First of all, a true friend is honest. 1 They will tell us the truth even if it may hurt our feelings sometimes. For example, if we are doing something wrong, they will not hesitate to point it out. 2 They will listen to us patiently when we have problems or want to talk about our feelings. They won’t interrupt us or judge us immediately. They will try to put themselves in our shoes and give us useful advice. Another important quality of a good friend is loyalty. A loyal friend will stand by us through thick and thin (经历风雨). 3 They will not leave us alone when we are in trouble. In addition, having the same interests can also strengthen the friendship between us. When we have common hobbies, we can spend more time together and enjoy each other’s company. We can play games, go to the movies or do other activities together. 4 We should be willing to give as much as we take. We should care about our friends’ feelings and help them when they are in need. Moreover, communication is the key in a friendship. We should keep in touch with our friends regularly, whether it’s through phone calls, messages or face-to-face conversations. 5 In conclusion, friendship is a precious thing. We should value our friends and try to build long-lasting and meaningful friendships. A．They won’t lie to us or cheat us. B．However, friendship also needs our efforts to maintain (维持). C．They will always be there for us, no matter what happens. D．Secondly, a good friend is understanding. E．We should also respect our friends’ privacy and personal space. F．Good communication can help us understand each other better. 5. 完形填空 Fiona thought she had lots of friends in her class. She tried to be 1 to her classmates. She always gave small gifts to them. However, everything 2 on International Day of Friendship. That day, the teacher asked everyone to make 3 by hand for their friends in the class. Fiona couldn’t wait to make some for her classmates. But in the end, she was the only one that received nothing! She was so sad that she 4 for hours. Many classmates came to cheer her up. But, instead of staying with her, they left 5 . That night, Fiona told her mother about everything. Her mother said, “Real friendship isn’t just about giving gifts. You need to spend time with people, and listen to their 6 in their difficult times.” Fiona 7 her mother’s words the whole night. She remembered how her mother always 8 her when she failed and stayed with her until she felt better. The next morning, Fiona noticed a classmate sitting alone. This girl often looked 9 at mealtimes. Fiona smiled and asked, “Would you mind me sitting next to you?” A big smile appeared on the girl’s face, “Yes! Why not?” The two talked happily during the meal. For the first time, Fiona understood that friendship doesn’t have much to do with gifts. It comes through kindness and 10 . That is how people make true friends. 1．A．helpful B．friendly C．honest D．humorous 2．A．changed B．developed C．appeared D．moved 3．A．stamps B．books C．gifts D．toys 4．A．waited B．cried C．slept D．played 5．A．excitedly B．quietly C．safely D．quickly 6．A．secrets B．problems C．jokes D．dreams 7．A．replied to B．depended on C．wrote down D．thought about 8．A．encouraged B．surprised C．invited D．missed 9．A．busy B．lonely C．excited D．painful 10．A．meals B．lessons C．time D．practice 6. 阅读理解 A Have you ever played marbles (玻璃球) with your friends? How do you play this game? One day, a young boy and girl were enjoying a sunny afternoon playing together in their neighborhood. The boy showed the girl his collection of beautiful marbles. In return, the girl showed the boy the handful of candy that she had just gotten for her birthday. The boy suggested that the two of them exchange their collections—he would give her all of his marbles if she handed over all of her candy. The girl agreed, as she thought the marbles looked quite beautiful in the bright sun. The boy handed over all of his marbles, but kept one—the most beautiful one of them all—in his pocket. The girl kept her promise and gave the boy all of her candy. That night, the girl was happy with the exchange and peacefully went to sleep. She had a nice dream. The boy, however, couldn’t fall asleep, as he was wondering if the girl had secretly kept some of her candy, just like he did with the marble. The story is simple, but it teaches us a lesson. If you don’t give 100% in your friendships, you will always think that your friend isn’t giving 100% either. If you want your friendships to be built on trust, you have to be worthy (值得的) of trust yourself. 1．What was the weather like at the beginning of the story? A．Windy. B．Fine. C．Rainy. D．Cloudy. 2．Why did the girl have a nice dream that night? A．Because she kept some of her candies. B．Because she liked the boy very much. C．Because she was pleased with the exchange. D．Because the boy gave her one of his marbles. 3．Which is the right order of the events in the story? ①The boy was unable to fall asleep. ②The girl gave the boy all of her candy. ③The boy showed the girl his collection. ④The boy advised exchanging their collections. A．③④②① B．③①④② C．①③④② D．②③①④ 4．The author probably wants to tell us that ________. A．the boy should trust the girl B．friendship needs strong trust C．the girl was very patient with the boy D．we had better exchange all the things B Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friend is simply acquaintances (熟人), and all you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friend at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friend does something bad, you don’t tell them. The second kind of friend could also be called “guest friends”. They are not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories; you usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears (害怕), and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. They will correct you when you’ re wrong, and though they may not be perfect, they at least will always care about you, and can not do anything bad to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 1．If you and David are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”. A．pest friends B．guest friends C．best friends D．not friends 2．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．how to make a best friend B．how to learn from your best friends C．what a “best friend” is D．what a best friend can do for you 3．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．pest friends are important than guest friends B．we miss our pest friends when we’ re not with them C．a best friend can not do anything bad to you D．a “pest friend” will never become your best friend 4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 7. 任务型阅读 A Do you know about those great friends Harry, Hermione and Ron in the Harry Potter books? J. K. Rowling’s stories are world-famous, and part of their success is because of the friendship between those three main characters. But there are many examples of great friends in literature (文学). Let’s look at some more in the book sharing activity today. In 1844, French writer Alexandre Dumas wrote The Three Musketeers (《三剑客》). The story is about a young man. He goes to Paris to join the musketeers. He meets the other three greatest musketeers in France. They become friends and have many adventures (冒险) together. They often say “one for all and all for one”, and this shows their strong friendship. The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955) by J. R. R. Tolkien is a fantastic storybook about Frodo, who gets a ring from his uncle. Frodo lives in the Shire and has a friend, Sam. When Frodo leaves the Shire on a long journey with the ring, Sam goes with him. Sam’s friendship is very important to Frodo. When he faces danger, Sam is always there to help him. Another book is My Brilliant Friend (2011) by Elena Ferrante. Elena and Lila are friends at school, but they have a lot of arguments (争吵). As they get older, something happens and brings them together again. 1．Who is the writer of Harry Potter? 2．What does “one for all and all for one” show in The Three Musketeers? 3．Why is Sam’s friendship very important to Frodo? 4．Is My Brilliant Friend the newest book in today’s book-sharing activity? 5．Which of these books would you like to read most? Why? B In the past, connecting (与……有联系) with friends meant spending time with them in person (亲自). But now it is different. With the development of the technology (科技), people’s life has changed greatly. Today, most young people like to connect with their friends online better. They think it is a good way to connect with their friends. However, some people think connecting with friends online may make them lose their real-world friendships . Do you agree with it? Here are some ideas. Know More In the past, people connected with friends in simple ways. They often met friends face-to-face. They would go to their friends’ homes to play or chat. Sometimes, they would meet at places like parks or small shops. They could talk and have a good time together. Agree Technology hurts friendships. When we communicate with our friends in front of a screen, it’s easier to misread (误解) their tones (语调) or body language. We might think our friends are smiling while they’re upset. A friend might send a text message as a joke that says, “You’re the worst friend!” But our feelings might be hurt because we think he’s serious. Disagree I’m Frank. I don’t think technology hurts friendships. In fact, it can make them stronger. For example, my best friends live in California where I used to live. The last time I met them in person was three years ago. But I talk to them online every week. It feels like they’re right here with me. Without technology, we can’t be so close friends. According to experts, staying connected online is not enough to build true friendships. Spending time together face-to-face is quite important, especially when people are in trouble. During the hard times, people don’t need someone who likes their pictures or posts. What they really need is someone who can offer them help. 1．What did connecting with friends mean in the past? 2．Why do some people think technology hurts friendships? 3．Where do Frank’s best friends live? 4．What do experts think is important to build true friendships? 5．What do you think people need when they’re in trouble? And how do you help your friend in trouble? 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Same or Different 核心知识点精讲精练 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section B部分包括本部分重点短语、重点词汇(包括重点的小学词汇)、重难句型等核心知识点。 · Section B部分包含数量丰富与多类型的随学随练，基础知识综合练习(填写单词，用适当形式填空等)与技能提升综合练习(听力、阅读理解、完形填空，语篇填空等)。 · Section B部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. similar to 与...类似 2. different from 与...不同 3. hang out 出去闲逛 4. play badminton 打羽毛球 5. because of 因为 6. get better at 变得更加擅长于... 7. in other ways 在其他方面 8. as serious as 和...一样严肃的 9. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物 10. respect each other’s differences 尊重彼此的不同 11. learn from 向/从...学习 12. kind of 稍微，有点儿 13. a great sense of humor 很好的幽默感 14. thanks to 归功于；由于；因为 15. be afraid to do 害怕做某事 16. make a mistake 犯错误 17. be glad to do 很高兴做某事 18. an honest friend 一个城市的朋友 19. in a straightforward way 以直截了当的方式 20. put a lot of time into... 投入很多时间 21. by accident 偶然；意外地 22. make me laugh 使我微笑 23. silver lining 一线光明 24. in difficult situations 在困难的情况下 25. be always there 时刻准备伸手援助；随叫随到，不离...左右 26. care about 关心；担心 27. reach for 伸手触碰 28. touch your heart 感动你的内心 29. be ready to do 准备好做某事；乐意做某事 30. lend (sb) a hand 帮助(某人) 2、 重点词汇解析(单词前标*为初中新学词汇) 1. *interest /ˈɪntrest/ n. 业余爱好；兴趣 v. 使感兴趣 [词汇拓展] interested(adj.)感兴趣的；interesting(adj.)令人感兴趣 [词汇搭配] have similar interests有类似的兴趣；take an interest in...对...感兴趣 [词汇例句] [随学随练] 用interest的适当形式填空。 (1) If you are interested in history and culture, the Shanxi Museum is a great place to visit. (2) Some of the collections are very colorful and have interesting shapes.  (3) You’re sure to meet people and make new friends with some similar interests. (4) The novel interests us all. We all enjoy reading it. 2. *novel /ˈnɒvl/ n.小说 adj.新颖的 [词汇拓展] fiction(n.)小说；虚构的事；novelist(n.)小说家 [词汇搭配] read novels读小说；a novel way of...一个新的...方式 [词汇例句] The boy is always reads novels in the library. 这个男孩总是在图书馆读小说。 3. *difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ n. 差异 [词汇拓展] differ(v.)不同，差别；different(adj.)不同的，有差异的；differently(adv.)不同地 [词汇搭配] respect each other’s difference尊重彼此的差异 make a difference(to...)(对...)起作用，有影响 [词汇例句] I can never tell the difference between the twins.我从来都分不清这对双胞胎。 [随学随练] 用difference的适当形式填空。 (1) The rain didn't make much difference to the game. (2) French and English differ in this respect(方面). (3) People often give very different accounts(描述) of the same event. (4) They learns Spanish differently. 4. *sense /sens/ n. 理解力；感觉；意义，含义；v. 感觉到 [词汇拓展] sensible(adj.)理智的，合理的； [词汇搭配] a great sense of humor 幽默感；a strong sense of purpose强烈的目标感，使命感 common sense常识；make sense有道理；合乎情理 make sense of理解，弄懂(不易理解的事物)；in a sense从某种意义上说 [词汇例句] He has a very good sense of direction. 他的方向感很强。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1)— Let’s turn off the lights to save the energy. — ________ Every little counts. A． Are you joking? B．That makes sense. C．That depends. D．Are you sure? 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们关灯来节约能源吧。  ——有道理。积少成多嘛。     考查情景交际。Are you joking你在开玩笑吗；That makes sense有道理；That depends看情况；Are you sure你确定吗。根据答句“Every little counts”（积少成多）可知，应答者认同关灯节能的做法，因此选择表示赞同的选项。B项“That makes sense”最符合语境，故选B。 (2)—I’m sure Cindy will be able to find the hotel. —She has a good ________ of direction. A．idea B．sense C．experience D．feeling 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我肯定Cindy能找到酒店。——她的方向感很好。 考查名词词义辨析。idea主意；sense感觉；experience经验；feeling感情。故选B。 5. *humour /ˈhjuːmə(r) (= humor) n. 幽默；幽默感 [词汇拓展] humorous(adj.)幽默的 [词汇搭配] a story full of humour充满幽默的故事 [词汇例句] I can't stand people with no sense of humour . 我无法忍受毫无幽默感的人。 6. *less /les/ adj. 较少的；更少的 adv. 较少地；更少地 pron. 较少；更少 [词汇拓展] little(adj.)少的 [词汇搭配] less than少于...；less and less越来越少 [词汇例句] We have less to worry about now. 现在我们要担忧的事少一些了。 [词汇用法] · less是little的比较级，后接不可数名词。如后接可数名词复数，则用fewer。 If there are fewer cars, there will be less pollution. 如果有更少的汽车，将会有更少的污染。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1)I read ________ five books in ________ two months. A．less than; less than B．fewer than; less than C．less than; fewer than 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我在不到两个月的时间里读了不到五本书。 考查形容词短语辨析。less than少于，其后接不可数名词；fewer than少于，其后接可数名词复数。根据语境可知，第一个空后“five books”是可数名词复数，所以其前应用fewer than；第二个空后“two months”是不可数名词（表示时间的量通常被视为不可数），所以其前应用less than。故选B。 (2)Ben watched ________ TV programs last week, so he’s decided to watch ________ TV. A．too many; less B．too many; fewer C．too little; more D．little; too much 【答案】A 【详解】句意：本上周看了太多的电视节目，因此他决定少看一点电视。 考查形容词词义辨析、形容词比较级。too many太多的，修饰可数名词复数，less更少的，修饰不可数名词；fewer更少的，修饰可数名词复数；too little太少的，修饰不可数名词；more更多的，修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词；little少的，修饰不可数名词；too much太多的，修饰不可数名词。programs是可数名词，用too many修饰；TV是不可数名词，用less修饰．故选A。 7. *opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ n. 看法；意见 [词汇拓展] view(n.)看法 [词汇搭配] in one’s opinion依某人的观点；give direct opinion给出直接意见 be of the opinion that…相信；认为；opinion about/of/on...关于...的看法 [词汇例句] Friends may have different opinions or interests.朋友们可能会有不同的观点或兴趣。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 ________ my opinion, teenagers shouldn’t compare themselves with others. A．On B．In C．At D．For 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在我看来，青少年不应该把自己和别人比较。 考查介词短语。On在……上；In在……里；At在……；For为了。根据“...my opinion, teenagers shouldn’t compare themselves with others.”可知，此处是“in one’s opinion”结构，意为“在某人看来”，所以此处应使用介词“in”。故选B。 8. *honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 [词汇拓展] honesty(n.)诚实；dishonest(adj.)不诚实的；honestly(adv.)诚实地 [词汇搭配] an honest friend一位诚实的朋友；to be honest说实话；an honest answer坦率的回答 [词汇例句] No one likes to make friends with you if you aren’t honest.如果你不诚实，没有人愿意和 你交朋友。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1)—Well done, Jim! You’re the final winner of the swimming competition. —Thanks. ________, I’ve never expected I would win. A．To my surprise B．In that case C．In my opinion D．To be honest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——做得好，吉姆！你是游泳比赛的最后赢家。——谢谢。说实话，我从未预料过我会赢。 考查介词短语辨析。To my surprise令我惊讶的是；In that case在那种情况下；In my opinion在我看来；To be honest老实说。根据“I’ve never expected I would win.”可知，吉姆实际上没有预料到自己能赢得比赛，应用to be honest作为插入语。故选D。 (2)My friend Sally is ______ girl. You can trust her. A．a lazy B．a clever C．an honest D．a shy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的朋友萨莉是个诚实的女孩。你可以信任她。 考查形容词辨析。lazy懒惰的；clever聪明的；honest诚实的；shy害羞的。根据“You can trust her.”可知，她很诚实，你可以信任她。故选C。 9. *direct /dəˈrekt; dɪˈrekt/ adj. 率直的；直接的; v. 把…对准(某方向或某人)；管理，指导；导演；给(某人)指路，为(某人)领路 [词汇拓展] directly(adv.)直接地；坦率地；direction(n.)方向，方位；管理，指导；用法说明，操作 指南；indirect(adj.)间接的；director(n.)主任，经理；导演 [词汇搭配] direct sb. to...给某人指路，给某人领路；with direct experience有亲身的体验 [随学随练] 单项填空。 写出下列句子中direct的中文意思。 (1) The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg. (v.) 导演 (2) Could you direct me to the station? (v.) 给(某人)指路；为(某人)领路 (3) I directed the extinguisher(灭火器) at the fire. (v.) 把...对准 (4) Christopher will direct day-to-day operations(运营). (v.)领导，管理 (5) He refused to give a direct answer. (adj.)直率的，坦率的 用direct正确形式填空。 (1) “Special, funny and beautiful.” These are what the artists worked hard for, according to the movie’s director. (2) Tom went off in the direction of home. (3) We are looking for somebody with direct experience of this type of work. (4) Could you direct them to Dr Lamont's office, please?. (5) At your first meeting, explain simply and directly what you hope to achieve. (6) Poets(诗人) often express feelings in an indirect way. 10. *similarity /ˌsɪməˈlærəti/ n. 相似之处 [词汇拓展] similar(adj.)相似的；similarly(adv.)相似地 [词汇搭配] differences and similarities不同之处和相似之处 similarity between... and... ...与...之间的相似之处 [词汇例句] There is some similarity in the way they sing.他们的演唱风格有点像。 11. *friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ n. 友谊；友情 [词汇拓展] friend(n.)朋友；friendly(adj.)友好的 [词汇搭配] a close/lasting friendship 亲密的/持久的友谊 [词汇例句] Your friendship is very important to me. 你的友情对我非常重要。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Tina and I are good friends. Our ______ began 10 years ago. A．message B．friendship C．suggestion D．education 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Tina和我是好朋友，我们的友谊十年前就开始了。 考查名词辨析。message信息；friendship友谊；suggestion建议；education教育。根据“Tina and I are good friends.”可知我们是好朋友，应该是友谊开始于十年前，故选B。 12. *character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ n. 人物，角色；个性，性格；文字，字母，符号 [词汇搭配] have a strong/weak character个性强/不强；main character主角 Chinese characters汉字 [词汇例句] Her strong character makes her able to fight successfully against her poor life.她坚强的性 格使她能够成功地与贫困的生活作斗争。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中character的中文意思。 (1) I find all the characters in this movie are very interesting. 人物，角色 (2) His character makes him popular among his friends. 个性，性格 (3) Your password(密码) should be at least 8 characters. 文字，字母，符号 13. *accident /ˈæksɪdənt/n. 意外；(交通)事故 [词汇拓展] accidental(adj.)意外的；偶然的；accidentally(adv.)意外地；偶然地 [词汇搭配] by accident 偶然；意外地；a car accident车祸 [词汇例句] One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.每七次交通事故就有一次是驾车者困 倦造成的。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1)We saw ________ accident on TV this morning. A．an B．a C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们今天早上在电视上看到一起事故。 考查不定冠词的用法。an一个，表示泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；a一个，表示泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；the是定冠词，表特指。“accident”发音以元音音素开头，所以要用“an”，表示“一场（事故）”，是泛指今早电视上看到的某起事故。故选A。 (2)—It’s a secret between us. Why did you tell it to others? —Sorry, I said it____when I was talking to others.' A．by hand B．by accident C．in public D．in  person 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这是我们之间的秘密。你为什么告诉别人？——对不起，我跟别人说话时无意中说的。考查介词短语辨析题。A. by hand用手工；B. by accident偶然地；C. in public当众；D. in person亲自。根据句意语境，可知ACD三个选项意思都与语境不符，故选B。 14. *expect /ɪkˈspekt/ v. 预料；期待 [词汇拓展] expected(adj.)预料的；预期的;unexpected(adj.)出乎意料的；expectation(n.)预料；期待 [词汇搭配] expect to do期待做某事；expect sb. to do期待某人做某事；It’s expected that...预计... expect sth. of/from指望 [词汇例句] He's still getting over his illness, so don't expect too much from him.他仍处于康复期，所 以不要对他期望过高。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —What will you do after you finish the homework? —I’ve no idea. But my mum expects me ________ with the housework. A．helping B．to help C．help D．helps 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你做完作业后要做什么？——我不知道，但我妈妈希望我帮忙做家务。 考查非谓语动词。expect sb. to do sth.“期望某人做某事”，动词短语，此处应用to help。故选B。 15. *silver /ˈsɪlvə(r)/ adj. 银色的 n. 银 [词汇拓展] gold(adj.)金色的；(n.)金 [词汇搭配] silver lining /ˈlæmɪŋ/ 一线光明 [词汇例句] Every cloud has a silver lining.黑暗中总有一线光明。 16. *situation /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ n. 情况；状况 [词汇搭配] in difficult situations在困难的情况中 [词汇例句] He could see no way out of the situation.他找不到摆脱困境的出路。 17. *reach /riːtʃ/ v. 伸手，碰到，触及；到达，抵达； 取得(一致意见)，达成(协议)；达到(某点)，进入(某阶段)；n. 可达到的距离；(伸手)可及之距离 [词汇拓展] [词汇搭配] reach for 伸手触碰；reach a decision作出决定；reach an agreement达成一致 [词汇例句] Judy reached into her handbag and handed me a book.朱蒂把手伸进提包，递给我一本书。 [词汇辨析] arrive / get / reach表示“到达” · arrive表示“到达”，后加介词at或in，通常arrive at后接较小的地点；arrive in后接较大的地点。 They arrived in Nanjing at 5 p.m.. 他们下午5点抵达南京。 · get表示“到达”，后加介词to。 Walk along the road and you will get to your grandmother’s house soon.沿着这条路走，你很快就能到 你奶奶家。 · reach表示“到达”，后直接跟表示地点的名词或代词。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Could you tell me when you will ______ Tokyo? —I’m not sure. When I ________, I will call you. A．get; arrive B．arrive in; reach C．reach; arrive D．get to; arrive in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：---你能告诉我你什么时候到达东京吗？----我不确定。我到时给你打电话。考查动词辨析。get to，reach和arrive都有到达的意思，get to和reach是及物动词，后面跟名词或代词；arrive是不及物动词，当接地点名词或代词时，使用介词in（接大地方）或at（接小地方）。当接地点副词（there/here/home）时，使用get或arrive。Tokyo是地点名词，可知使用reach，get to或 arrive in；第二句没有宾语，使用不及物动词arrive；结合选项可知选C。 18. *touch /tʌtʃ/ v. 触动，感动；触碰，摸；比得上，与...媲美；n. 触摸，碰；修饰，润色 [词汇拓展] touched(adj.)感到的；touching(adj.)令人感动的 [词汇搭配] get/keep in touch with取得联系/保持联系；lose touch with失去联系 a touch of 一点儿，少许；put the finishing touches to对...做最后的修饰 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中touch的中文意思。 (1) You can take photos here, but don’t touch the things here. (v.) 触摸 (2) Her story touched us all deeply. (v.) 触动，感动 (3) No one can touch these girls for professionalism(职业素养). (v.) 比得上，与...媲美 (4) I got a touch on my shoulder. (n.)触摸，碰 (5) I spent the morning putting the finishing touches to the report. (n.)修饰，润色 (6) My friend and I stay in touch online. 保持联系 3、 重难句型解析 1. than引导比较状语从句 (教材原文) He plays badminton better than I do, so he always wins our matches.他的羽毛球打得比我好,所以他总是能赢我们的比赛。 (教材原文) I read more history books than he does, and he reads a lot of novels.我比他读更多的历史书,而他则读很多小说。 上述两句中的...better than I do和I read more history books than he does都是than引导的比较状语从句。 than引导比较状语从句时，从句结构与前面句子的结构大部分情况是相同的，并且相同部分可以省略，从句中的出现的与主句中相同的动词常常用do的适当形式来代替。如：He plays badminton better than I do中do代替play。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1)Lucy has more foreign friends than Lily ________. A．is B．has C．have D．does 【答案】D 【详解】句意：与Lily相比，Lucy有更多的外国朋友。 考查省略句。is是，be动词；has第三人称单数形式；have动词原形；does助动词，第三人称单数形式。than后与前面保持一致，has为实义动词，但是为了避免重复，用助动词does代替实义动词。故选D。 (2)This year, our school team played ________ than last year. A．more successfully B．successfully C．most successfully D．the most successfully 【答案】A 【详解】句意:今年，我们校队比赛表现得比去年更成功， 考查副词比较级。more successfully更成功地，副词比较级;successfully成功地，副词原级;most successfully最成功地，副词最高级;the most successfully最成功地，副词最高级。根据"our school team played.than last year”可知，此处应用副词的比较级，修饰动词played。故选A。 2. as...as引导比较状语从句 (教材原文)He is as serious as me.他和我一样认真。 as...as结构中，第一个as是副词，用在形容词和副词前，常译为“同样地，一样地”；第二个as为连词，连接一个与前句相同结构的句子，相同部分常省略，省略后在没有歧义时，主语用主格或宾格均可。此句中第二个as后完整结构为as I am serious. 例如：He runs as fast as his brother (does). [随学随练] 单项填空。 — Helen is a great writer. —I agree with you. And her sister writes as______ as Helen. A．good B．better C．well D．best 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——海伦是一位伟大的作家。——我同意你的看法。她姐姐写得和海伦一样好。 考查副词原级。good好的，形容词原级；better更好的，形容词比较级；well好地，副词原级；best最好的，形容词或副词最高级。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词well修饰动词writes，排除选项A；as...as中间用形容词或副词的原级，表示“和……一样……”，排除选项B和选项D。故选C。 3. like比喻句 (教材原文)I think a good friend is like a mirror.我认为好朋友就像一面镜子。 此句是一个运用了比喻修辞手法的句子，其中like作介词，表示“像”，是比喻词，a good friend是本体，a mirror是喻体。 例如：This book is like an old friend of mine. 4. who引导定语从句 (教材原文)For me, friends who are different make me better.对我来说,不同的朋友让我变得更好。 此句中who are different修饰friends，是一个定语从句。定语从句是修饰名词，作定语的句子。通常由who,that,which等引导，如果定语从句本身不缺乏主干成分，则有when,why,where等引导。 如：I will never forget the days that/which we spent on the island. The boy who is from Shanxi is my good friend. 4、 其他重要知识点讲解 1. by+doing表方式 (教材原文)You can understand people by knowing their friends.你可以通过了解他们的朋友来了解他们。 (教材原文)We are always ready to help each other by lending a hand.我们总是愿意伸出援手,互相帮助。 by+doing结构可以表示“通过...方式”。 例如：You can improve your listening skills by watching English movies. [随学随练] 单项填空。 By ________ children good habits, we hope they can become great people. A．teach B．teaching C．teaches D．taught 【答案】B 【详解】句意：通过教孩子们好习惯，我们希望他们能成为伟大的人。 考查动名词。by是介词，其后接动名词，teach的动名词形式是teaching。故选B。 2. because与because of用法 (教材原文)We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests. 我们经常在一起玩,因为我们有相似的爱好和兴趣。 (教材原文)Because of that, l try harder when l practise, and now I'm getting better at badminton.正因为如此,我在练习时更加努力,现在我的羽毛球打得越来越好了。 because用作连词，后接原因状语从句；because of中of为介词，后接名词、名词短语或名词性质的词等。 例如：He was late because he stayed up late yesterday. We put off the activity because of the heavy rain. [随学随练] 单项填空。 We finally finished the difficult project not only ________ we tried our best, but also ________ our teamwork. A．because; because B．because; because of C．because of; because D．because of; because of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们最终完成了这个困难的项目，不仅因为我们尽了最大的努力，而且因为我们的团队合作。 考查连词和介词短语。because因为，接句子；because of因为，接名词、代词或名词短语。根据“we tried our best,”可知，第一空后是句子，填because；根据“our teamwork”可知，第二空后为名词短语，填because of。故选B。 5、 基础知识综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) He looked at himself in the mirror (镜子). (2) To be honest(说实话), volunteering is both a chance to help others and a good way to develop ourselves. (3) My Uncle Jim has a good sense of humor(幽默感). (4) In my opinion(在我看来), doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teach them how to look after themselves. (5) Thanks to(归功于，由于) the phone and e-mail, we’re able to speak or write to each other almost every day. (6) When you make a mistake(犯错误), don’t get angry with yourself. (7) The girl was shopping when she saw a car accident (事故). (8) I want to solve the problem by direct (直接的) discussion with them. (9) He always expect to get (期待获得) a little gift from his mother on his birthday. (10) In one famous competition, some of the kites are more than three meters tall(三米高). (11) She realized that every cloud did indeed have a silver lining(一线光明). (12) I’m so proud of you, Mary. You never give up in difficult situations(在困难的情况中). (13) Helping others is not difficult, and everyone can lend a hand(伸出援助之手). (14) A true friend reaches for(伸手触碰) your hand and touches your heart(感动你的内心). (15) Mary is similar to(与...类似) her sister in personality, but sometimes they think differently. (16) —Oh! I forgot to bring my ruler. —Don’t worry. I can share mine with you(和你分享我的尺子). (17) Mary, I’m unhappy because my parents only care about(关心) my marks. (18) It’s fantastic to see so many Disney cartoon characters(人物，角色). How wonderful! 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) The story is interesting (interest) and all of us are interested (interest) in it. (2) —I heard that Jim gave up his job. In my opinion, it’s not a smart decision. —I agree with you. (3) My lifestyle is different (different) from my good friend’s. You’re right. There are some differences (different) between us. (4) People think Xu Xiake is as great (great)as Zhang Qian and Xuanzang. (5) The more touching (touch) the movie is, the more people will be touched (touch). (6) —Peter will enter the English competition tomorrow. —He is good at speaking English. I expect him to win(win). (7) Thanks to Frank’s help, Leo could do well in math now. (8) The sunlight comes into the house through the window directly(direct). (9) The kids enjoy a truly amazing school life by having (have) colourful activities. (10) Tea is one of the most important drinks in the world. It is an accidental (accident) invention. (11) There is an uncommon similarity (similar) between the twin sisters. (12) The hot pot on the bus is different from most hot pot restaurants. (13) He is better (good) at playing soccer than his brother. (14) —Are you as hard(hard) as your brother? —No, he works harder (hard) than me. 3. 单项填空。 (1) Peter’s main _______ is music, and he wants to see Beijing Opera in the teahouse. A．interest B．idea C．sense D．plan 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：句意：Peter的主要兴趣是音乐，他想去茶馆看京剧。A兴趣；B主意；C感觉；D计划。故选A。 (2) —Good news! You’ve passed the PE test. —Hooray! ________, I was worried about it. A．To be honest B．In my opinion C．As a result D．By accident 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——好消息！你通过了体育考试。 ——好极了，说实话，我之前很担心。 考查固定短语。To be honest老实说；In my opinion在我看来；As a result结果；By accident偶然地。根据下文“I was worried about it.”可知，此处是回答者在袒露自己的之前的心理活动，故选A。 (3) —Jim.can you tell the ________ between the twins?I always make a mistake about their names. —Yes.The one who is a little taller is the sister,Jane. A．differences B．similarities C．decisions D．appearances 【答案】A 【详解】句意：----吉姆，你能分辨出这对双胞胎的区别吗？我总是叫错他们的名字。------是的。比她高一点的是她的姐姐简。 考查名词辨析。A. differences差异；B. similarities相似性；C. decisions决心，决定；D. appearances外观。结合句意可知填differences；选A。 (4) Linda has enough money, so she doesn’t ________ the price of the dictionary. A．care about B．talk about C．learn about D．hear about 【答案】A 【详解】句意：琳达有足够的钱，所以她不关心字典的价格。 考查动词短语辨析。care about关心；talk about谈论；learn about了解；hear about听说。根据“Linda has enough money”可知，因为钱足够，所以不关心价格，care about符合语境。故选A。 (5) —Why did Emily win the dancing competition? —________ practicing every day, she improved a lot. A．According to B．Thanks to C．Instead of D．As for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——艾米丽为什么赢得了舞蹈比赛？——由于每天练习，她进步了很多。 考查介词短语。According to依据；Thanks to多亏，由于；Instead of代替，而不是；As for至于。根据“Why did Emily win the dancing competition?”可知，此处回答艾米丽赢得舞蹈比赛的原因，因此用thanks to。故选B。 (6) ________ animals are in danger and there will be ________ space for them if we don’t help them. A．More and more; more and more B．Less and less; less and less C．More and more; less and less D．Less and less; more and more 【答案】C 【详解】句意：越来越多的动物濒临危险，如果我们不帮助它们，它们的生存空间将会越来越少。 考查形容词比较级。more and more越来越多；less and less越来越少。根据“animals are in danger and there will be...space for them if we don’t help them.”可知，越来越多的动物处于危险之中，它们的生存空间就会越来越小。故选C。 (7) —________ do you study English? —________ listening to tapes. A．How; By B．Where; With C．When; By D．How; With 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你如何学习英语？——通过听磁带。 考查特殊疑问句和介词辨析。How如何；By通过；Where在哪里；With和……一起；When什么时候。根据“listening to tapes”可知，第一空询问方式，用How；第二空表示“通过某种方式”，用By。故选A。 (8) Jim is late ________ he has a cold, not ________ the bad weather. A．because; because B．because of; because C．because of; because of D．because; because of 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吉姆迟到是因为他感冒了，而不是因为天气不好。 考查连词和介词短语的用法。because“因为”，是连词，后面连接句子；because of“因为”，是介词短语，后面接名词、代词和动名词。第一空后面“he has a cold”是句子，故用连词because；第二空后面“the bad weather”是名词短语，故此处用介词短语because of。故选D。 (9) Our school basketball team trains ________ this year than last year. A．carefully B．more carefully C．more careful D．careful 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校篮球队今年训练比去年更认真。 考查副词比较级。carefully认真地，副词原级；more carefully更认真地，副词比较级；more careful更认真的，形容词比较级；careful认真的，形容词原级。根据“than”可知，空处填比较级，且空处修饰动词“trains”，填副词比较级。故选B。 (10) Helping others is just as ________ as getting help from others. A．exciting B．more exciting C．most exciting D．the most exciting 【答案】A 【详解】句意:帮助别人和从别人那里得到帮助一样令人兴奋, 考查形容词原级。as...as...“和……-样.”，中间接形容词/副词原级。故选A。 6、 技能提升综合练习 1. 听力选择 听材料，回答各题。 (1)What’s wrong with Tim? A．He lost his book. B．He argued with his friend. C．He was hungry. (2)What will Tim do to say sorry to his best friend? A．Go to his friend’s house. B．Write a letter to his friend. C．Call his friend up. (3)What will Tim borrow from the girl? A．A book. B．A ticket. C．Some money. 【答案】B A C 【原文】W: Hey, Tim. What’s the matter? You look so upset. M: I argued with my best friend, Jim. What should I do? W: I think you can call him up to say sorry. M: But I don’t like talking about it on the phone. W: How about writing a letter? M: No, I hate to do that. W: Well, why not go to his house? M: That’s a good idea. I want to buy a book for him, but I don’t have enough money. W: Don’t worry. You can borrow some from me. M: Thank you so much. 听短文，根据短文内容选择正确的选项。 (4)Where did Renee live? A．In France. B．In South Africa. C．In the USA． (5)Why did Renee and the writer write in French later? A．Because Renee wasn’t good at English. B．Because the writer wanted to master French. C．Because French was more popular than English. (6)What did the writer think of Renee’s family? A．Patient. B．Friendly. C．Knowledgeable. (7)When did Renee and the writer meet for the first time? A．In 1949. B．In 1952. C．In 1955. (8)What does the story mainly tell us? A．Letters are becoming less and less important now. B．It is necessary for people to learn another language. C．The writer has had the lifelong friendship by making a pen pal. 【答案】A A B B C 【原文】 I was about 13 when I wrote my first letter to Renee. Renee was two years younger than me. She lived in France. It was quite a thing to get a letter from a foreign country, so I looked forward to receiving her reply. She wasn’t so good at English, so after six months, we were all writing in French, which helped me get a good knowledge of the language. I decided to go to France on holiday in 1949 to meet her, but Renee went hiking. The family treated me warmly. The first time I met Renee was in 1952. She picked me up at the station. Renee and I continued writing to each other, and our friendship became deeper. I moved to South Africa for a while in 1955, but we kept writing letters. I’m 93 now and I still write to Renee. Most people don’t seem to have the time for letters anymore, but writing letters gives me great pleasure. More importantly, this is the lifelong friendship I have ever had. 听短文，根据短文内容完成图表中所缺信息。短文念三遍。 Paul and his (9) , David (10) hobbies playing basketball, playing the drums, writing and reading books Different personal traits *Paul looks (11) and more hard-working. *David is friendlier, more outgoing and popular. Resolutions Paul plans to play the drums better and David hopes to (12) his English. Meaning of friends Friends are important and (13) in each other. 【答案】(9)friend (10)Similar (11) thinner (12) improve (13)bring out the best 【原文】Hi, I’m Paul from No. 1 Middle School. My best friend is David. We are in the same class. We are very similar in hobbies, and we feel happy to do these things. Almost every weekend, we play basketball together. We go to the same drum class, but he plays better, though. What’s more, both of us like writing, so we often go to Sichuan Library and share our books to read. However, we are also different. David is taller and I’m thinner. I’m more hardworking. He is friendlier and more outgoing than me. That makes him more popular in our class. We make some resolutions for next term. I plan to practice more, to play the drums better. He is going to study English harder to get better grades. All in all, we think friends are important to us. Friends can also bring out the best in each other, and they are like sunshine to make our life more beautiful. 2. 补全对话 A: Hey, how’s it going? B: Oh, all right. I’m trying to make friends. 1 A: Yes. I think you should talk more often with the pcople who you want to make friends! B: Okay, thanks for your advice. 2 A: Go ahead please. I’m pleased to help you. B: 3 A: Yes, of course. Friends need to communicate with each other. B: Then I won’t be shy to ask for their phone numbers. What kind of friends should I make? A: 4 I became a friend to an old man and to a young kid. B: Wow, that’s amazing. 5 Thank you! A: Good luck on that. Goodbye. B: Goodbye. A．I have one more question though. B．I’m feeling lonely without friends. C．Can you give me some advice? D．Should I try to get their phone numbers? E．I didn’t know making friends would be easy. F．You can make friends with any kind of person. G．I hope I am able to help my friends in need. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．F 5．E 【导语】本文是A和B两个人的对话，B向A询问应如何交朋友，在听完A的建议之后，B觉得交朋友并没有那么难。 1．根据下文“Yes. I think you should...”可知，此处应是B在向A寻求建议，选项C“你能给我一些建议吗？”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据下文“Go ahead please. I’m pleased to help you.”可知，此处应是B表达自己还有问题，选项A“不过我还有一个问题。”符合语境。故选A。 3．根据下文“Yes, of course.”可知，此处应选择一个一般疑问句，结合下文“Friends need to communicate with each other.”可知，此处B的问题应与保持联系有关，选项D“我应该要他们的电话号码吗？”符合语境。故选D。 4．根据前文“What kind of friends should I make?”可知，此处A应回答应结交什么类型的朋友，选项F“你可以和任何类型的人交朋友。”符合语境。故选F。 5．根据前文“I became a friend to an old man and to a young kid.”及“Wow, that’s amazing.”可知，此处应是B在听完A的话之后，觉得交朋友并没有那么难，选项E“我不知道交朋友会这么容易。”符合语境。故选E。 3. 语篇填空 China’s two favourite poets Li Bai and Du Fu were born about 1,300 years ago. In China, the language has changed so l 1 that poems remain easy for modern Chinese people to read. And their themes are s 2 about friendship, love and landscapes. If you were to ask any kids in the street, “What was the greatest dynasty in China’s history?” Nine out of ten of them would a 3 the Tang Dynasty. Every Chinese person learns poems by Li Bai and Du Fu from childhood. “They are as i 4 in Chinese literary history as Shakespeare is to people in Britain,” says historian Yuan Haiwang, writer of This Is China: The First 5,000 Years. “I remember when my son was only a baby held in my a 5 , I began to teach him some of the poems, even though of course he couldn’t remember all of them. But that’s what the Chinese do.” Back in the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai and Du Fu first m 6 in the year 744, when Li Bai, already a well-known poet, was 43 years of age and Du Fu was 32. They admired each other and quickly became friends. The two poets met only a couple of times during their lives. But they wrote many poems to and a 7 each other. In one poem, Du Fu wrote: When can we again hold a cup of wine, and chat about poem-writing line by l 8 ? (From“Missing Li Bai on a Spring Day”) Li Bai and Du Fu formed a lasting f 9 , which ties one heart to the other no matter how far away they are from each other. Today most Chinese people can still remember Li Bai’s and Du Fu’s poems. And they also e 10 their children to read their poems. Li Bai and Du Fu aren’t only in our textbooks but in our minds. 【答案】 1．(l)ittle 2．(s)till 3．(a)nswer 4．(i)mportant 5．(a)rms 6．(m)et 7．(a)bout 8．(l)ine 9．(f)riendship 10．(e)ncourage 【导语】本文介绍了唐代诗仙李白、诗圣杜甫诗作流传千古，语言浅显易懂。他们结下深厚友谊，诗词唱和，成为中国文学史上的不朽传奇。 1．句意：在中国，语言变化很小，诗歌对现代中国人来说仍然很容易读懂。根据“the language has changed so l... that poems remain easy for modern Chinese people to read”及首字母可知，因为语言变化不大，即很小，所以现代人可以读懂，little“几乎没有”符合句意。故填(l)ittle。 2．句意：它们的主题还是关于友谊、爱情和风景。分析句子可知，本句成分齐全，所以空处应填副词作状语，结合“their themes are...about”及首字母可知，此处指诗歌的主题仍是友谊、爱情和风景，still“还是，仍然”符合语境，故填(s)till。 3．句意：十个人中有九个会回答唐朝。根据上文“ask”，可知，此处指“回答”，answer“回答”；“would”后填动词原形，故填(a)nswer。 4．句意：他们在中国文学史上的重要地位，就像莎士比亚之于英国人一样。根据“They are as i... in Chinese literary history as Shakespeare (莎士比亚) is to people in Britain”及常识可知，对于英国来说，莎士比亚是重要的，important“重要的”符合句意，在句中作表语，故填(i)mportant。 5．句意：我记得当我的儿子还是个抱在我怀里的婴儿时，我开始教他一些诗，尽管他当然记不住所有的。根据“a baby held in my a...”可知，婴儿用手臂抱在怀里，抱孩子用两只手臂，所以填arms“手臂”。故填(a)rms。 6．句意：早在唐朝，李白和杜甫第一次见面是在公元744年，当时已经是著名诗人的李白43岁，杜甫32岁。根据“Li Bai and Du Fu first ... in the year 744”及首字母可知，此处指“第一次见面”；meet“见面”，根据“in the year 744”可知，此处为一般过去时，填过去式met。故填(m)et。 7．句意：但是他们为彼此写了很多诗。根据“ wrote many poems to and ...each other”及首字母可知，空处应填介词与to并列，应是关于彼此的诗，about“关于”符合语境，故填(a)bout。 8．句意：在一首诗中，杜甫写道：我们什么时候才能再捧着一杯酒，一行一行地聊聊写诗？根据“line by”可知，此处考查line by line“一行一行地”，故填(l)ine。 9．句意：李白和杜甫结下了持久的友谊，无论相距多远，都能将一颗心与另一颗心联系在一起。根据“ Li Bai and Du Fu formed a lasting”及首字母可知，应是两人建立了深厚的友谊，friendship“友谊”，a后跟单数名词。故填(f)riendship。 10．句意：他们也鼓励孩子阅读他们的诗歌。根据“Li Bai and Du Fu aren’t only in our textbooks but in our minds.”可知，时态为一般现在时；根据“...their children to read their poems”可知，此处指“人们鼓励自己的孩子们读他们的诗”，encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，主语为“they”，所以此处填动词原形，故填(e)ncourage。 4. 补全语篇 Friendship is an important part of our lives. We all need friends to share our joys and sorrows with. A good friend can make us feel happy and supported. When we make friends, we should look for some qualities in them. First of all, a true friend is honest. 1 They will tell us the truth even if it may hurt our feelings sometimes. For example, if we are doing something wrong, they will not hesitate to point it out. 2 They will listen to us patiently when we have problems or want to talk about our feelings. They won’t interrupt us or judge us immediately. They will try to put themselves in our shoes and give us useful advice. Another important quality of a good friend is loyalty. A loyal friend will stand by us through thick and thin (经历风雨). 3 They will not leave us alone when we are in trouble. In addition, having the same interests can also strengthen the friendship between us. When we have common hobbies, we can spend more time together and enjoy each other’s company. We can play games, go to the movies or do other activities together. 4 We should be willing to give as much as we take. We should care about our friends’ feelings and help them when they are in need. Moreover, communication is the key in a friendship. We should keep in touch with our friends regularly, whether it’s through phone calls, messages or face-to-face conversations. 5 In conclusion, friendship is a precious thing. We should value our friends and try to build long-lasting and meaningful friendships. A．They won’t lie to us or cheat us. B．However, friendship also needs our efforts to maintain (维持). C．They will always be there for us, no matter what happens. D．Secondly, a good friend is understanding. E．We should also respect our friends’ privacy and personal space. F．Good communication can help us understand each other better. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．F 【导语】本文主要讲述了好朋友应具备的品质以及维系友谊的要点。 1．根据“First of all, a true friend is honest...They will tell us the truth even if it may hurt our feelings sometimes.”可知，诚实的朋友不会对我们说谎或欺骗我们，选项A“他们不会对我们说谎或欺骗我们。” 符合语境。故选A。 2．根据“They will listen to us patiently when...or judge us immediately.”可知，此处是说好朋友善解人意，选项D“其次，好朋友是善解人意的。” 符合语境。故选D。 3．根据“A loyal friend will stand by us through thick and thin (经历风雨).”及“They will not leave us alone when we are in trouble.”可知， 忠诚的朋友无论发生什么都会在我们身边，选项C“无论发生什么，他们都会一直在我们身边。” 符合语境。故选C。 4．根据“We should be willing to give as much...help them when they are in need.”可知，友谊是需要努力维系，选项B“然而，友谊也需要我们努力去维系。” 符合语境。故选B。 5．根据“Moreover, communication is the key in a friendship...messages or face-to-face conversations.”可知，良好的沟通有助于彼此理解，选项F“良好的沟通能帮助我们更好地理解彼此。”符合语境。故选F。 5. 完形填空 Fiona thought she had lots of friends in her class. She tried to be 1 to her classmates. She always gave small gifts to them. However, everything 2 on International Day of Friendship. That day, the teacher asked everyone to make 3 by hand for their friends in the class. Fiona couldn’t wait to make some for her classmates. But in the end, she was the only one that received nothing! She was so sad that she 4 for hours. Many classmates came to cheer her up. But, instead of staying with her, they left 5 . That night, Fiona told her mother about everything. Her mother said, “Real friendship isn’t just about giving gifts. You need to spend time with people, and listen to their 6 in their difficult times.” Fiona 7 her mother’s words the whole night. She remembered how her mother always 8 her when she failed and stayed with her until she felt better. The next morning, Fiona noticed a classmate sitting alone. This girl often looked 9 at mealtimes. Fiona smiled and asked, “Would you mind me sitting next to you?” A big smile appeared on the girl’s face, “Yes! Why not?” The two talked happily during the meal. For the first time, Fiona understood that friendship doesn’t have much to do with gifts. It comes through kindness and 10 . That is how people make true friends. 1．A．helpful B．friendly C．honest D．humorous 2．A．changed B．developed C．appeared D．moved 3．A．stamps B．books C．gifts D．toys 4．A．waited B．cried C．slept D．played 5．A．excitedly B．quietly C．safely D．quickly 6．A．secrets B．problems C．jokes D．dreams 7．A．replied to B．depended on C．wrote down D．thought about 8．A．encouraged B．surprised C．invited D．missed 9．A．busy B．lonely C．excited D．painful 10．A．meals B．lessons C．time D．practice 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文讲述Fiona通过友谊日的经历，认识到真正的友谊需要真诚陪伴而非物质馈赠，最终学会用行动建立真挚友情。 1．句意：她努力对同学友好。 helpful有帮助的；friendly友好的；honest诚实的；humorous幽默的。根据“She always gave small gifts to them.”可知，此处表示友好。故选B。 2．句意：然而，在国际友谊日，一切都变了。 changed改变；developed发展；appeared出现；moved移动。后文描述她未收到礼物，情况转折。故选A。 3．句意：那天，老师要求大家亲手给班上的朋友做礼物。 stamps邮票；books书；gifts礼物；toys玩具。根据“Real friendship isn’t just about giving gifts.”可知，此处与礼物有关。故选C。 4．句意：她伤心得哭了好几个小时。 waited等待；cried哭泣；slept睡觉；played玩耍。根据“She was so sad”可知，此处指情绪。故选B。 5．句意：但是，他们没有和她待在一起，而是很快离开了。 excitedly兴奋地；quietly安静地；safely安全地；quickly快速地。根据“instead of staying…”可知，此处体现匆忙离开。故选D。 6．句意：你需要花时间和人们在一起，在他们困难的时候倾听他们的问题。 secrets秘密；problems问题；jokes玩笑；dreams梦想。根据“difficult times”可知，此处对应需要倾听的问题。故选B。 7．句意：Fiona整晚都在思考母亲的话。 replied to回复；depended on依赖；wrote down写下；thought about思考。根据“Fiona…her mother’s words the whole night.”的语境可知，此处指整晚都在思考母亲的话。故选D。 8．句意：她记得当她失败时，母亲总是鼓励她，一直陪着她，直到她感觉好些。 encouraged鼓励；surprised惊讶；invited邀请；missed想念。根据“her mother always…her when she failed and stayed with her until she felt better”的语境可知，此处指当她失败时，母亲总是鼓励她。故选A。 9．句意：这个女孩吃饭时总是显得很孤独。 busy忙碌的；lonely孤独的；excited兴奋的；painful痛苦的。根据“sitting alone”可知，这个女孩很孤独。故选B。 10．句意：它来自善良和时间。 meals餐食；lessons课程；time时间；practice练习。根据“You need to spend time with people”可知，此处强调陪伴时间的重要性。故选C。 6. 阅读理解 A Have you ever played marbles (玻璃球) with your friends? How do you play this game? One day, a young boy and girl were enjoying a sunny afternoon playing together in their neighborhood. The boy showed the girl his collection of beautiful marbles. In return, the girl showed the boy the handful of candy that she had just gotten for her birthday. The boy suggested that the two of them exchange their collections—he would give her all of his marbles if she handed over all of her candy. The girl agreed, as she thought the marbles looked quite beautiful in the bright sun. The boy handed over all of his marbles, but kept one—the most beautiful one of them all—in his pocket. The girl kept her promise and gave the boy all of her candy. That night, the girl was happy with the exchange and peacefully went to sleep. She had a nice dream. The boy, however, couldn’t fall asleep, as he was wondering if the girl had secretly kept some of her candy, just like he did with the marble. The story is simple, but it teaches us a lesson. If you don’t give 100% in your friendships, you will always think that your friend isn’t giving 100% either. If you want your friendships to be built on trust, you have to be worthy (值得的) of trust yourself. 1．What was the weather like at the beginning of the story? A．Windy. B．Fine. C．Rainy. D．Cloudy. 2．Why did the girl have a nice dream that night? A．Because she kept some of her candies. B．Because she liked the boy very much. C．Because she was pleased with the exchange. D．Because the boy gave her one of his marbles. 3．Which is the right order of the events in the story? ①The boy was unable to fall asleep. ②The girl gave the boy all of her candy. ③The boy showed the girl his collection. ④The boy advised exchanging their collections. A．③④②① B．③①④② C．①③④② D．②③①④ 4．The author probably wants to tell us that ________. A．the boy should trust the girl B．friendship needs strong trust C．the girl was very patient with the boy D．we had better exchange all the things 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文讲述了男孩和女孩交换收藏，男孩藏起最漂亮的玻璃球，女孩兑现承诺给了男孩所有糖果，女孩因交换开心入睡做美梦，男孩却因怀疑女孩藏糖果无法入睡，借此故事传达友谊需建立在信任之上，自己要值得被信任的道理。 1．细节理解题。根据“One day, a young boy and girl were enjoying a sunny afternoon playing together in their neighborhood.”，可知天气是晴朗的，“sunny”和“fine”意思相近，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“That night, the girl was happy with the exchange and peacefully went to sleep. She had a nice dream.”，可知女孩因为对交换很满意所以做了美梦，故选C。 3．细节理解题。故事发展顺序为：首先“The boy showed the girl his collection of beautiful marbles.”（③男孩给女孩展示他的收藏）；接着“The boy suggested that the two of them exchange their collections”（④男孩建议交换收藏）；然后“The girl kept her promise and gave the boy all of her candy.”（②女孩给男孩所有糖果）；最后“The boy, however, couldn’t fall asleep...”（①男孩无法入睡），顺序是③④②①，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据“If you want your friendships to be built on trust, you have to be worthy (值得的) of trust yourself.”，可知作者想告诉我们友谊需要建立在信任之上，故选B。 B Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friend is simply acquaintances (熟人), and all you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friend at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friend does something bad, you don’t tell them. The second kind of friend could also be called “guest friends”. They are not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories; you usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears (害怕), and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. They will correct you when you’ re wrong, and though they may not be perfect, they at least will always care about you, and can not do anything bad to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 1．If you and David are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”. A．pest friends B．guest friends C．best friends D．not friends 2．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．how to make a best friend B．how to learn from your best friends C．what a “best friend” is D．what a best friend can do for you 3．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．pest friends are important than guest friends B．we miss our pest friends when we’ re not with them C．a best friend can not do anything bad to you D．a “pest friend” will never become your best friend 4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了三种不同类型的朋友：“pest friends”(熟人)、“guest friends”(泛泛之交)和“best friends”(挚友)，并阐述了它们的特点。 1．细节理解题。根据“The second kind of friend could also be called ‘guest friends’.”和“you usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears (害怕), and they don’t open up to you how they really feel.”可知，对于guest friends我们不会分享我们内心的感受。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据“The last kind of friend, the ‘best friend’, is the one you know the deepest.”可知，本段主要介绍了什么是最好的朋友。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“they at least will always care about you, and can not do anything bad to hurt you”可知，最好的朋友不会对你做一些不好的事情。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。根据“There are three different kinds of friends: ‘pest friends’, ‘guest friends’, and ‘best friends’.”可知，文章第一段首先引出主题：有三种不同类型的朋友；第二、三和四段分别对三种朋友的特点进行了论述，最后一段进行总结，所以本文属于总分总结构。故选B。 阅读短文，从短文下面提供的6个句子中选择合适的5个，使短文通顺完整、衔接自然。 7. 任务型阅读 A Do you know about those great friends Harry, Hermione and Ron in the Harry Potter books? J. K. Rowling’s stories are world-famous, and part of their success is because of the friendship between those three main characters. But there are many examples of great friends in literature (文学). Let’s look at some more in the book sharing activity today. In 1844, French writer Alexandre Dumas wrote The Three Musketeers (《三剑客》). The story is about a young man. He goes to Paris to join the musketeers. He meets the other three greatest musketeers in France. They become friends and have many adventures (冒险) together. They often say “one for all and all for one”, and this shows their strong friendship. The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955) by J. R. R. Tolkien is a fantastic storybook about Frodo, who gets a ring from his uncle. Frodo lives in the Shire and has a friend, Sam. When Frodo leaves the Shire on a long journey with the ring, Sam goes with him. Sam’s friendship is very important to Frodo. When he faces danger, Sam is always there to help him. Another book is My Brilliant Friend (2011) by Elena Ferrante. Elena and Lila are friends at school, but they have a lot of arguments (争吵). As they get older, something happens and brings them together again. 1．Who is the writer of Harry Potter? 2．What does “one for all and all for one” show in The Three Musketeers? 3．Why is Sam’s friendship very important to Frodo? 4．Is My Brilliant Friend the newest book in today’s book-sharing activity? 5．Which of these books would you like to read most? Why? 【答案】 1．J. K. Rowling. 2．It shows their strong friendship. 3．Because when Frodo faces danger, Sam is always there to help him. 4．Yes, it is. 5．I would like to read The Three Musketeers the most. Because it sounds like an exciting adventure story with strong friendships and lots of action. 【导语】本文介绍了一些著名的文学作品中的友谊故事。 1．根据“J. K. Rowling’s stories are world-famous” 可知，《哈利·波特》的作者是J. K. Rowling，故填 J. K. Rowling. 2．根据“They often say ‘one for all and all for one’, and this shows their strong friendship” 可知，这句话体现了他们牢固的友谊，故填 It shows their strong friendship. 3．根据“When he faces danger, Sam is always there to help him” 可知，Sam的友谊重要是因为他总在Frodo遇险时提供帮助，故填 Because when Frodo faces danger, Sam is always there to help him. 4．根据“In 1844, French writer Alexandre Dumas wrote The Three Musketeers (《三剑客》)”、“The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955) by J. R. R. Tolkien”、“My Brilliant Friend (2011) ” 可知，《我的天才女友》是最新的，故填 Yes, it is. 5．开放性问题，答案不唯一。参考答案：I would like to read The Three Musketeers the most. Because it sounds like an exciting adventure story with strong friendships and lots of action. B In the past, connecting (与……有联系) with friends meant spending time with them in person (亲自). But now it is different. With the development of the technology (科技), people’s life has changed greatly. Today, most young people like to connect with their friends online better. They think it is a good way to connect with their friends. However, some people think connecting with friends online may make them lose their real-world friendships . Do you agree with it? Here are some ideas. Know More In the past, people connected with friends in simple ways. They often met friends face-to-face. They would go to their friends’ homes to play or chat. Sometimes, they would meet at places like parks or small shops. They could talk and have a good time together. Agree Technology hurts friendships. When we communicate with our friends in front of a screen, it’s easier to misread (误解) their tones (语调) or body language. We might think our friends are smiling while they’re upset. A friend might send a text message as a joke that says, “You’re the worst friend!” But our feelings might be hurt because we think he’s serious. Disagree I’m Frank. I don’t think technology hurts friendships. In fact, it can make them stronger. For example, my best friends live in California where I used to live. The last time I met them in person was three years ago. But I talk to them online every week. It feels like they’re right here with me. Without technology, we can’t be so close friends. According to experts, staying connected online is not enough to build true friendships. Spending time together face-to-face is quite important, especially when people are in trouble. During the hard times, people don’t need someone who likes their pictures or posts. What they really need is someone who can offer them help. 1．What did connecting with friends mean in the past? 2．Why do some people think technology hurts friendships? 3．Where do Frank’s best friends live? 4．What do experts think is important to build true friendships? 5．What do you think people need when they’re in trouble? And how do you help your friend in trouble? 【答案】 1．Spending time with friends in person. 2．Because it’s easier to misread tones or body language online. 3．In California. 4．Spending time together face-to-face and offering help. 5．People need someone to offer real help. I would listen and help solve problems.（开放题，回答合理即可） 【导语】本文探讨了科技发展对友谊的影响，对比了过去面对面的交往方式和现代线上交流的优缺点，并呈现了支持和反对线上交友的两种观点，最后指出线下互动对建立真正友谊的重要性。 1．根据“In the past, connecting with friends meant spending time with them in person.”可知，过去，与朋友联系就是亲自与他们共度时光。故填Spending time with friends in person. 2．根据“Agree: Technology hurts friendships. When we communicate with our friends in front of a screen, it’s easier to misread their tones or body language.”可知，线上交流易误解语气或者肢体语言。故填Because it’s easier to misread tones or body language online. 3．根据“Disagree: For example, my best friends live in California where I used to live.”可知，Frank最好的朋友住在California。故填In California. 4．根据“Spending time together face-to-face is quite important, especially when people are in trouble. During the hard times, people don’t need someone who likes their pictures or posts. What they really need is someone who can offer them help.”可知，花时间面对面地在一起非常重要，他们真正需要的是可以为他们提供帮助的人。故填Spending time together face-to-face and offering help. 5．根据“According to experts, staying connected online is not enough to build true friendships. Spending time together face-to-face is quite important, especially when people are in trouble. During the hard times, people don’t need someone who likes their pictures or posts. What they really need is someone who can offer them help.”以及个人理解可知，当人们遇到麻烦时，他们需要有人能够给予真正的帮助，我们应该倾听并且帮助他们解决问题，按照个人理解，回答合理即可。故填People need someone to offer real help. I would listen and help solve problems. 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$