专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编）高二英语上学期人教版

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——发明创造与科技进步 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中） We can find robots everywhere. Robots build cars, play chess and can clean your house. They may drive your car in the near future. Two robots, named Spirit and Opportunity, were sent to Mars on a mission (任务) to explore the red planet. Robots also help people in natural disasters. They are used in search and rescue operations following an earthquake or a nuclear accident. In most cases, robots are sent to places considered to be unsafe. The problem is that all of those types of situations are extremely unpredictable and unfriendly. And it is very likely that robots in those situations become damaged. When a dog loses a leg, the animal eventually finds the best way to get around on three legs. In a short time, the dog learns to deal with its physical disability. Now, scientists have developed robots that behave in the same way. Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired. The researchers have added one more operation to the skill set of robots working under complicated conditions. They programmed a hexapod robot with six legs and a robotic arm. Their findings were reported in the journal Nature. Once the hexapod robots become damaged, they can use their own knowledge of how their body works to find a solution. The hexapod robots are also programmed with childlike curiosity. In other words, they are always asking questions and looking for the answers. The whole process just takes about a minute for the robots to overcome the damage and continue to carry out the task. 1．What do we know about robots? A．They usually work in dangerous places. B．They may do great harm to people. C．Dogs are used to help them work well. D．People can’t live normally without them. 2．According to Jeff Clune, the new technology ____. A．helps robots deal with the damage. B．protects robots from serious harm. C．makes robots have self-repair ability. D．allows robots to realize possible danger. 3．What can we infer about the hexapod robots? A．The idea of them is from Nature. B．They can sense people’s feelings. C．They look like children in appearance. D．They can make changes in a very short time. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to Use Robots Properly. B．Robots are Helpful to Humans. C．Damaged Robots Learn to Keep Working. D．The Development of the Hexapod Robot. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·福建三明·期中） If you’re planning to go on a diet, or if you suffer from serious conditions like diabetes (糖尿病), knowing exactly what and how much you’re eating is essential. In this day and age, we have calorie and nutrition calculators even on our smartphones, but they act only as guides, whereas a famous company’s revolutionary new device, CaloRieco, actually analyzes the food on your plate and provides accurate information in just a few seconds. You’ve probably used calorie calculators before, and you know that they only offer general information. For example, a calculator will tell you the average number of calories in a hamburger, but it can’t tell you exactly how many calories are in the hamburger. The same goes for nutrients like protein or fat. And this is what makes the new CaloRieco so special. The spokesman for the company said that its outstanding invention is aimed at dieters and diabetes sufferers, both of whom make up a sizable market. Displayed at a recent tech show, CaloRieco is a high-tech device that uses light reflection technology to determine the nutritional values of almost any food and also provide accurate calorie estimates. All you have to do is put your plate in the box-shaped device and wait between 10 and 20 seconds for it to analyze all the food. Once it’s done analyzing the various ingredients (成分) in your meal, CaloRieco displays the number of calories, as well as the nutritional content on an LED display. According to the company, the device is able to recognize the vast majority of foods, except soups and very dark dishes. CaloRieco can also connect to your smartphone via an app, and send all the data about analyzed foods to your handheld device, so you can access it whenever you need. Unfortunately, you’ll have to wait a bit longer to get your hands on your very own CaloRicco, as the device presented at the show is just a prototype (样机) which needs to be improved. It’s expected to be a hit in the next few years, but the price remains a mystery. 5．What is the advantage of CaloRieco? A．It uses light reflection technology. B．It offers general information of food. C．It is a high-tech device working as a guide. D．It can present the exact calorie of analyzed food. 6．According to the text, CaloRieco ________. A．needs a long time to analyze the food B．can count the calories of all foods on your plate C．can display the food data on the smartphone directly D．may be well received among dieters and diabetes sufferers 7．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．The data. B．The app. C．The smartphone. D．The food. 8．What can we infer about CaloRieco from the last paragraph? A．It’s perfect. B．It’s promising. C．It’s costly. D．It’s portable Passage 3 （24-25高二上·上海·期中） “Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,” George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. “They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.” Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U. S. history. Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology. Present systems for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs – or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and stare into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people. It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science — the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well. Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to send people to Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion(推进力)? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready. 9．What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in common? A．Instant value. B．Human inhabitance. C．Venture cost. D．Exploring spirit. 10．Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons EXCEPT that ______. A．its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford. B．great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in America. C．American people’s health care will be affected a lot if it is implemented. D．unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment. 11．Which can be concluded from the passage? A．Using the current technology to explore Mars is challenging but realistic. B．A Mars mission is considered as unpractical mainly because of the high cost. C．Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration. D．Great efforts should be put in the development of manned Mars mission. 12．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes some technological sense. B．A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America. C．Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain America’s position as a technological leader. D．A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries. 主题02 人与自我——个人健康管理和生活方式 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·浙江·阶段练习）Health is not just about exercise and eating more fruits and vegetables. Keeping proper posture is vital for living a healthy life and avoiding negative health problems. Good posture doesn’t mean your back must be completely straight-no matter how many times you heard warnings to “sit up straight” or “stand straight” in your youth. Actually, the spine has a natural curve (弯曲). This allows the head to be centered over the neck and the body to be centered over the hips, which is their ideal placement for maintaining good posture. Keeping proper posture provides a plenty of physical benefits including reducing the chance of getting sports injuries, digestive problems, muscle and stress injuries. It minimizes the amount of stress on all your muscles. Correct posture can improve breathing as well. The inefficient breathing patterns are associated with a slouched (懒散的) posture, in part because such a position forces the body to rely more on upper-chest breathing. By contrast, the belly breathing is more efficient and relaxing. This is important because many of the worst health problems of poor posture can take years before they become noticeable. Along with such physical advantages, proper posture can also improve your mental health and your life. “A person with neutral head-level posture is considered as more cooperative than someone who has their head in an up-or-down position,” says Laura Deon, a physical medicine specialist at RUSH University in Chicago. “Good posture can improve communication skills and make your everyday exchanges go smoothly,” she explains. To experience benefits related to proper posture, it is recommended to pay attention to how you sit and stand and to practice doing so correctly and often enough until it feels natural. Besides, wearing proper footwear, doing exercise and sitting on chairs that offer back support could be helpful too. No matter which of these techniques you follow, good posture can be trained with practice. 1．What do we know about our back? A．It has a natural curve. B．It keeps still all the time. C．It needs to be totally straight. D．It looks quite bent from the side. 2．According to Laura Deon, how can good posture affect social interactions? A．It makes you look taller. B．It makes you less focused. C．It makes you seem humorous. D．It makes you seem more cooperative. 3．Which of the following is not a benefit from proper posture? A．Improve mental health. B．Strengthen one’s memory. C．Relieve muscle injuries. D．Reduce digestive problems. 4．What does the author suggest readers do to keep proper posture? A．Wear hard sneakers. B．Choose soft chairs to sit. C．Sit on chairs all day. D．Keep posture natural with practice. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏南京·期中） I recently read The Big Leap by Gay Hendricks, a psychologist who introduces the concept of different “zones” in life and work. These zones describe varying levels of ability and fulfillment (满足感) in our activities. The Zone of Disability involves tasks you’re not good at; the Zone of Ability includes tasks you’re capable of but find unsatisfying. The Zone of Excellence is where you stand out but might feel a little discouraged, and finally, the Zone of Genius is where your unique talents and passions shine, leading to deep fulfillment. Curious to identify my Zone of Genius, I took a related test. To my surprise, it turns out my Zone of Genius is “Networking.” I even considered framing (装裱) the results and hanging them over the fireplace. This situation is particularly amusing, because I am often perceived as an introvert (内向的人) — some would say I tend to escape from social contacts. That makes me occasionally in low spirits and doubtful about my ability to socialize. What explains this contradiction? Perceptions of introversion largely depend on cultural expectations, with different societies defining “introverted” and “extroverted” behaviors differently. In the United States, extroversion is often idealized. In contrast, in some East Asian cultures, such as Japan and China, value is associated with introversion. Differences also exist between Northern and Southern Europe. Research shows that the level of introversion differs widely across cultures, making it challenging to label introversion universally. Contrary to the opinion that introverts are shy, research suggests they possess unique skills and strengths. The Harvard Grant Study shows that introverts tend to have fewer but deeper and more meaningful relationships. Another misunderstanding is that introverts do not make good leaders. However, studies show that introverted leaders can be just as effective — if not more so than the extroverts. It’s vital to distinguish between introversion and shyness. Shyness is a fear of social judgment. However, introverts can be highly social, particularly in small groups or one-on-one conversations. Their preference for meaningful interaction over small talk makes them experts at forming deep, lasting relationships. So, the next time you meet an introvert, remember that their quiet behavior may hide a world of deep thoughts, keen insights, and powerful leadership potential. 5．If your Zone of Excellence is “English”, it may mean ________. A．you are in trouble completing English assignments B．you can display your talent in English to the fullest C．your mind always wander off when learning English D．you have a grasp of English but feel upset occasionally 6．Why did the author consider framing the results and hanging them? A．The results were in line with his belief. B．The results proved his ability in social life. C．The results confirmed his nature of introversion. D．The results reminded him to avoid social contacts. 7．According to the text, to tell whether a person is an introvert, you should take ________ into consideration. A．his birthplace B．his inner value C．his cultural background D．his education level 8．According to the text, which of the following is TRUE about the introverts? A．They can develop lasting relationships with others. B．They fear deeper and more meaningful relationships. C．They have advantages over the extroverts in workplace. D．They often hide their unique potential in front of others. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·广东惠州·期中）People who sleep fewer than six hours a night are more likely to die early, researchers in University of Warwick have found in a recent study. They discovered that people who slept for less than six hours each night were 12% more likely to die before the age of 65 than those who slept the recommended six to eight hours a night. The researchers pointed out that previous studies had shown that the lack of sleep was associated with problems like heart disease and high blood pressure. However, the researchers also found that sleeping too much was linked to an early death. Those who slept for more than nine hours a night were 30% more likely to die early, as an article in the latest Sleep suggested. That directly contradicts another passage in the same journal last month suggesting that people who slept for ten hours or longer a night were more likely to live to 100. This was thought to be because people who lived into extreme old age were healthier and therefore slept better. However, the authors of the latest research contradicted this and suggested that long sleep was a sign of underlying illnesses such as depression and low levels of physical activity. Professor Francesco Cappuccio at the University of Warwick said: “While short sleep may represent a cause of ill-health, long sleep is believed to represent more an indicator of ill – health.” He also mentioned: Modern society has seen a gradual reduction in the average amount of sleep people take, and this pattern is more common among full-time workers suggesting that it may be due to social pressures for longer working hours. On the other hand, the worsening of our health is often accompanied by an extension of our sleeping time.” Consistently sleeping six to eight hours per night may be good for health. However, whether to achieve the goal depends on various factors such as the environment as well as measures of public health aimed at favourable changes of the s working environments Professor Francesco Cappuccio added. 9．What did researchers in University of Warwick find? A．Six to eight hours’ sleep can be appropriate for people. B．People at an old age are healthier because they sleep longer. C．People who sleep fewer than 6 hours each night die before 65. D．Sleeping for more than 9 hours a night does good to one’s health. 10．What is Professor Francesco Cappuccio most likely to agree with? A．How long we sleep depends on our education. B．Our health becomes worse because we sleep less. C．Modern people sleep less because they work longer. D．Long sleep is what causes our health problems. 11．What did the researcher think may help people have proper sleep? A．Social pressure B．Extension of sleeping time. C．Longer working hours D．Changes of working environments. 12．What can be the best title for this passage? A．Time to Sleep early B．How Long Should We Sleep C．The Importance of Sleep D．Longer Sleep Makes Better Health 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·广东省调研·期中） There’s so much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air that just planting trees and protecting forests won’t solve the problem. When plants and trees die, the carbon they’ve stored gets released again. Moreover, the CO2 in the atmosphere is much more dilute than in, for example, waste gas from a power station or a steel plant. Capturing CO2 from the air is the most expensive application of carbon capture. Direct Air Capture (DAC) is one type of technological carbon removal, which obtains CO2 directly from the atmosphere at any location, unlike carbon capture which is generally carried out at the point of emissions. The CO2 can be permanently stored in deep geological formations or used for a variety of applications. Graphyte is a US company working on DAC． The company claims its carbon capture method is cheap, mainly because it lets plants do the work. The company collects unwanted wood products from farmers and furniture companies. It dries this “biomass” completely so that it can’t break down. Graphyte then smashes (打碎) the dried plants into small bricks which it seals in a special wrapper and buries deep underground. Graphyte says its process doesn’t use much energy and can work anywhere. The plant and tree material the process uses would release carbon if it wasn’t treated. And the cost is less than$ 100 to capture a ton of CO2. The company is building a factory, but it’s not running yet. Not everyone is excited about this carbon removal. Some people worry that it will take too long for DAC technology to become powerful enough to make a difference. Others worry that focusing on removing carbon could take attention away from more important climate actions, like switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy. But experts say the decision isn’t to do one or the other. The world needs to end fossil fuel use and pull carbon out of the air. 1．What does the author intend to tell us in the first paragraph? A．Trees can purify the air in the sky. B．Plants release more carbon dioxide. C．Removing carbon from air is challenging. D．CO2 emission reduction is urgently needed. 2．What does the underlined word “dilute” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Beneficial. B．Thin. C．Harmful. D．Concentrated. 3．What can we know about Graphyte’s DAC project? A．Its cost is relatively low. B．It is in good operation now. C．Its working condition is demanding. D．It turns carbon into building materials. 4．What is the experts’ opinion about DAC technology? A．It will make a difference soon. B．It can replace renewable energy in time. C．It will result in more environmental concerns. D．It can work together with other climate measures. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·吉林通化·期中） Experts believe that earthquakes may become more closer and stronger together as a result of climate change. The melting of glaciers is speeding up due to global warming. The land that was beneath the melted glacier water rises when it runs off land and into the sea. One of the most mysterious (神秘的) and terrible natural disasters is the earthquake. While experts can prepare when the major ones will strike, smaller ones can strike seemingly at any time, affecting entire cities and causing smaller disasters like fires, landslides and tsunamis. An upcoming rise in sea level along with glacier melting may make future earthquakes more frequent, according to John Cassidy, a seismologist. The risk of earthquakes caused by glacial retreat (后退) is less than that of which may be related to rising sea levels. Increase in sea level results in an increase in underwater pressure on the seabed and therefore on the fault (断层) lines near the shore. According to researchers, many earthquakes that are expected to occur soon near San Francisco and Los Angeles still have late earthquake cycles. The pause in sea level rise could take up to a thousand years, even in the event that we immediately ceased using greenhouse gases. There is no quick fix, however. Because we have been worsening the environment for many decades, it will take many years of efforts to solve it. Cassidy stressed that the effects of climate change will increase their risk when earthquakes occur. As sea levels rise, earthquake-caused tsunamis will spread farther inland. Increased rainfall brought on by warmer waters will enhance the possibility of landslides caused by earthquakes. “It’s an important topic, and one that I’m sure we’ll see a lot of information coming out on in the coming months and years if we continue our climate warming,” he said. 5．What is the result of glacier melting according to paragraph 1? A．New glaciers will appear. B．Climate change comes to an end. C．The land beneath is going up. D．There will be fewer fires occurring. 6．What factor might contribute more to earthquake frequency according to John Cassidy? A．Glaciers’ retreat. B．Underground water movement. C．Increased rainfall. D．Rising sea levels. 7．What does the underlined phrase “quick fix” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Good result. B．Easy solution. C．Big decision. D．Perfect reason. 8．What is John Cassidy’s attitude to the earthquakes in the future? A．Unclear. B．Uninterested. C．Concerned. D．Doubtful. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·四川成都·期中） Earthquakes are among the most powerful and destructive natural phenomena on our planet. They result from plate movements, where the Earth’s crustal plates grind against each other, causing stress to build up over time. When this stress exceeds the strength of the rock, it ruptures (断裂), releasing energy in the form of seismic waves (地震波) that travel through the Earth’s interior and shake the surface. The force of an earthquake depends on the extent of rock movement, and powerful events can shake firm ground violently for great distances. Earthquakes can have catastrophic consequences, though they rarely kill people directly. Instead, deaths and injuries are often caused by falling objects, building collapses, and subsequent fires or hazardous chemical spills. So no matter where we are, knowing how to protect ourselves and our family during an earthquake is necessary. For example, when we feel the ground is shaking, find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, or a closet, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact (压实) the furniture, but will still leave a space for us to survive next to it. After earthquakes, immediate response is crucial to save lives and minimize damage. Governments, international organizations, and local communities should work together to provide emergency relief, including medical aid, food, water, shelter, and search and rescue operations. Earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating natural disasters that can have profound impacts on communities worldwide. While we cannot prevent earthquakes from happening, we can take steps to mitigate their effects through better building codes, early warning systems, and effective response and recovery efforts. By working together, we can reduce the human toll (伤亡人数) of these powerful events and build more resilient communities. 9．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．What earthquakes are. B．What earthquakes cause. C．Where earthquakes occur. D．How earthquakes happen. 10．What should we do during an earthquake according to the text? A．Stay in the bedroom. B．Hide in a closet. C．Lie down next to a sofa. D．Curl up under a chair. 11．What is the key to reducing death and damage after an earthquake? A．Immediate response to others’ help. B．Quick action and cooperation at home and abroad. C．Getting connected with family and friends immediately. D．Waiting for aid from governments, communities and international organizations. 12．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Reduce. B．Prevent. C．Research. D．Promote. 主题01 人与社会——社会交往与科技影响 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期中） U. S. teens spend more than eight hours a day on screens, and there’s growing concern over it. Now, a new study published by the American Psychological (心理的) Association, confirms that teens seem to feel better about themselves when they cut back. “Social media can feel like a comparison trap (陷阱),” says study author Helen Thai, a doctoral student in psychology at McGill University. Her research found that limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens and young adults feel better about their body image and their appearance. “What I noticed in social media was that I couldn’t help but compare myself.” Thai says. Reading posts from famous people and influencers, as well as people in her own social network, led to a lack of self-confidence. So, Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether reducing time on social media would improve body image. They gathered a few hundred volunteers, aged 17-25. all of whom had experienced symptoms (症状) of anxiety or depression — which could make them easily influenced by social media. Half of the volunteers were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks. The other half continued to use social media with no limits. The researchers gave the volunteers surveys at the beginning and end of the study, including statements such as “I’m pretty happy about the way I look,” and “I am satisfied with my weight.” Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5-point scale. The change may seem small, but any change in such a short period of time is worth noticing. “It’s encouraging that college students were willing to cut back screen time, even for three weeks,” psychologist Andrea Graham says. While this study included people with symptoms of anxiety or depression, Graham says it’s worth applying this approach to other groups, such as people with eating problems. 1．What is the probable meaning of the underlined sentence in para 2? A．Teens are forced to post their own images on social media B．Teens couldn’t help but spend too much time on social media C．Teens tends to compare themselves with others on social media D．Teens are fooled into believing false information on social media 2．How was the research conducted by Thai and a team of researchers? A．By listing numbers B．By giving examples C．By making comparisons D．By analyzing causes and effects 3．What can we learn about the survey? A．The study included people with mental health and eating problems B．There was little difference in appearance score between the two groups C．College students were not willing to reduce screen time for more weeks D．Cutting social media use makes a difference to teens’ opinion of their image 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．Less screen time, more self-confidence B．Social media, a time bomb on your health C．How to improve your image on social media D．Concern over social media addiction keeps growing Passage 2 （23-24高二上·广东清远·期中） Cars could soon be communicating with each other using 5G to make drivers aware of upcoming hazards (危险), scientists say. The extremely fast mobile internet would allow for rapid information transmission and could make drivers aware of black ice, pot holes or other dangers up ahead. Several car manufacturers (制造商) are already using 5G in their vehicles, including as a tool to help serve in the generation of self-driving vehicles. Experts at Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) believe the high-speed connection will also improve the reliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual cars being driven today. They predict the number of road traffic accidents, which according to the World Health Organization account for more than 1.3 million deaths and up to 50 million people injured worldwide every year, will drop really as a result. Dr Dimitrios Liarokapis, a member of the research group, said, “To have a better idea of what the future will look like, think of having such cars that not only use sensors to scan what’s around them, they can also talk to each other and exchange safety-related information about their surroundings over an area that covers several square miles. With the help of 5G, a vehicle-generated early warning system that reminds drivers is possible within the next few years. Cars that are close enough to the danger area will transmit warning messages to other cars around them using short-range communication technologies, but also to cars further away using 5G, fast and reliably.” A few manufacturers are already working on connected cars. Of them, Ford told its intention to fit 80 percent of its future vehicles with technology that warns drivers about upcoming road accidents, bad weather and traffic jams. 5．What is the benefit of 5G mentioned in the text? A．It can improve the safety of automated vehicles. B．It can help drivers communicate with each other. C．It can effectively wipe out road traffic accidents. D．It can help make more profits for the manufacturers. 6．What can we know about the vehicle-generated early warning system? A．It can get information several miles ahead. B．It is under research and development at present. C．It has been proved extremely helpful for driving. D．It will send messages to drivers a few days earlier. 7．What will be probably continued with the text? A．Some car manufacturers. B．The advantages when using 5G. C．Some safety rules when using 5G. D．The sales information of cars with 5G. 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．5G Leaves Drivers Free When They Are Driving B．5G Is to Bring Great Convenience to Our Daily Life C．5G Has Been Popular with Drivers Around the World D．5G Is on the Way to Making “Dialogue” Between Cars Passage 3 （24-25高二上·江西赣州·期中） 3D printing is taking home construction(建筑)to new heights. A giant printer is building what designers say is the first 3D-printed two-story house in the US. “While construction 3D printing has been around for over ten years, the technology has only started to break ground in the US homebuilding market over the last couple of years,” said Lok, the architectural designer for the project. Several 3D-printed homes have already been built or are currently in the works across a handful of states. Lok, who co-founded X, a design company, said, “My team aims to eventually scale up(扩大)the designs to be able to efficiently 3D print multifamily homes.” With the Houston home, the team is pushing the industrial printer to its limits to understand how it can stream-line(使效率更高)the technology, in the search of quickly building cost-effective and well-designed homes. “In the future, it has to be fast, simple design in order to compete with other building technologies,” said Zerle, the head of structural engineering. “We are not trying to beat the clock.” “It’s a case study. We’re learning the abilities of the machine, learning the reaction of the material under different weather conditions. We’re learning how to optimize(优化)the speed of printing. When this project is completed, we should have a very good idea of how to proceed in the future,” he added. On the design side, Lok sees opportunity to one day offer customized features at a mass scale, without excessive labor costs. “The printer doesn’t care if you print the same chair 100 times or you print 100 different chairs,” she said. “This opens up the possibility of how we can actually offer customized design for the users, whether it’s a single-family house or whether it’s a multifamily building or apartment.” 9．What can we learn about 3D printing? A．It is applied to two fields in the US. B．It is widely used in homebuilding market. C．It has been applied to building in a few states. D．It has been used in construction for less than ten years. 10．What is the purpose of Lok and her team? A．To satisfy any customer’s need. B．To increase the size of their designs. C．To use the technology in other fields. D．To understand what the technology can do 11．Why does the author quote Zerbe’s words? A．To show his advantages. B．To state the purpose of the study. C．To describe the process of the study. D．To tell others how the technology works. 12．Which can be the best title for the text? A．3D-Printed Homes Hopefully Come True B．3D-Printed Houses Are Perfect For Living C．3D Printing Levels Up Home Construction D．3D Printing 1s Speeding Up High-rise Buildings 主题02 人与自我——健康生活与情绪管理 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·青海海南·期中） It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight. A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, “Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.” The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms (生物学机制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes (糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers. The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight. For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol (白藜芦醇), a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells. 1．The passage is mainly for those ________. A．who produce wine B．who go on a diet C．who are eager to lose weight D．who have a drinking habit 2．The underlined phrase “in moderation” in the first paragraph means ________. A．properly B．carefully C．frequently D．excitedly 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Moderate drinking increases weight. B．Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat. C．Moderate drinking has a strong protective effect. D．The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear. 4．What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A．How to do some easy experiments. B．How to reduce the calories contained in wine. C．How to make wine in a healthy way. D．How to prove the finding mentioned in the last paragraph. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期中）When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You, this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss. Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences. “It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache, but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman, a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted, “there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).” The small study invited 63 young adults to bring one of their favorite songs. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on the participants’ skin — to their left inner forearms. When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs. With millions of songs available, one person’s favorite song is likely not the same as another. After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes (主题). “It’s a very cool result,” said lead study author Darius Valevicius, a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. “I think it’s why I myself and probably many people choose to listen to bittersweet or even spiritual music.” 5．Why does the author mention Adele in the first paragraph? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To lead in the topic. C．To offer a suggestion. D．To provide the background. 6．What is Stroman’s attitude to the effect of listening to music? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Unconcerned. 7．How did the people who listened to bittersweet and moving sons feel? A．They felt less pain. B．They felt stressful. C．They felt upset. D．They felt unhappy. 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．When Is the Best Time to Listen to Music? B．How Do You Create Popular Songs Quickly? C．The Best Way to Reduce Pain Might Be to Write Music. D．Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·安徽亳州·期中） If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common. If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath(呼吸)and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don’t say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outside r can help both parties to get mutual(相互的)understanding. Anger is just one of the many emotions(情绪)that make us human, and to well manage it adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 9．What is the final purpose of communication with other people? A．To show different ideas. B．To look for something in common. C．To accept useful suggestions. D．To decide whether one is right or not. 10．What does the writer advise us to do when we can’t cool down? A．Say angry words. B．Try taking a deep breath. C．Control our voices. D．Stop talking with others. 11．What does the underlined word “party” in paragraph 4 mean? A．An activity. B．A visitor. C．A person. D．A meeting. 12．What is the text mainly about? A．How to manage anger. B．How to show feelings. C．How to deal with regrets. D．How to understand the world. 主题03 人与自然——自然科学与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·陕西榆林·期中） On a windy day, 40 middle-school students stand by the Harlem River in New York City. Their teacher, Mr. White, pulls a metal cage out of the river. Inside are clusters of oysters (牡蛎). The last time they were here, the oysters were babies. The students’ job is to measure how much the oysters have grown and test the river water for pollutants. They will report their findings to researchers at the Billion Oyster Project (BOP). Why work so hard? To make the city’s waterways healthy again. Oysters are important for the underwater community they share with plants, fish, and other life. So they are also called a keystone species. If a keystone species disappears, other plants and animals may die out. That’s exactly what happened 100 years ago in New York Harbor. Before then, lots of oysters lived here. The oysters were delicious — maybe too delicious. By the early 1900s, people were eating them faster than they could grow. The oysters were in trouble for another reason. Pollution was pouring into the waters of the growing city, and few types of animals could live in it. Since the 1970s, new laws have helped reduce toxic(有毒的) waste. Some fish started to swim through again. But oysters were still missing — until recently. The BOP began in 2014 to help bring oysters back to New York Harbor. So far, students and volunteers have placed about 25,000,000 oysters into the harbor. “The oysters definitely look much bigger now,” says a student named Kelly. Taking turns, the kids measure all the oysters, then compare notes. The biggest oyster is over 2 inches long, much bigger than a healthy size for its age. As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer. Also, other animals should move in. Finally, the students put the oysters back in the cage. Mr. White lowers it into the river. When the oysters are big enough, they will be moved to the middle of the harbor. For today, everyone agrees: the future is looking bright for New York Harbor. 1．Why are oysters called a keystone species? A．They grow quickly. B．They are delicious. C．They support underwater life. D．They are able to resist pollution. 2．What was the problem with oysters over a century ago? A．A period of disappearance. B．Over- consumption by people. C．Lack of clean and safe habitat. D．Competition with other species. 3．What’s the goal of the Billion Oyster Project? A．To grow more oysters. B．To collect useful data. C．To protect water plants. D．To restore waterways. 4．What may be the future outlook for New York Harbor? A．Promising. B．Uncertain. C．Disappointing. D．Unchanged. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·贵州·期中） Plants may tell us when they’re in trouble. Thirsty tomato and tobacco plants make clicking sounds, researchers have found. The sounds are ultrasonic (超声波的), meaning they are too high-pitched for human ears to hear. But when the sounds are transformed to lower pitches, they sound like popping bubbles (爆破的泡泡). Plants also make clicks when their stems (茎) are cut. “It’s not like the plants are screaming,” says Lilach Hadany, an evolutionary biologist working at Tel Aviv University in Israel. “Plants may not mean to make these noises. We’ve shown only that plants create informative sounds.” Hadany and her colleagues first heard the clicks when they set microphones next to plants on tables in a lab. The microphones caught some noises. But the researchers needed to make sure that the clicking was coming from the plants. So, the scientists placed plants inside soundproof boxes in the basement, far from the noise of the lab. There, microphones picked up ultrasonic pops from thirsty tomato plants. Though it was outside humans’ hearing range, the clicking made by plants was about as loud as a normal conversation. Cut tomato plants and dry or cut tobacco plants clicked, too. But plants that had enough water or hadn’t been cut stayed mostly quiet. Wheat, corn and grapevines also made sounds when stressed out. The researchers don’t yet know why plants click. Bubbles forming and then popping inside plant tissues that transport water might make the noises. But however they happen, pops from crops could help farmers, the researchers suggest. Microphones, for example, could monitor fields or greenhouses to detect when plants need to be irrigated (灌溉). Hadany wonders whether other plants and insects already tune into plant pops. Other studies have suggested that plants respond to sounds. And animals from pests (害虫), moths to mice can hear in the range of the ultrasonic clicks. Sounds made by plants could be heard from around five meters away. Hadany’s team is now studying what the living things near the plants will do after hearing the sounds. 5．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Interpreting plant sounds isn’t easy. B．Plants sound off when they’re in trouble. C．It’s interesting to hear the sounds of plants. D．Plants make sounds in a different way from humans. 6．Why did the scientists put plants inside soundproof boxes in the basement? A．To enjoy the sounds made by the plants. B．To have a better conversation with the plants. C．To find out whether the plants did make sounds. D．To keep the plant sounds within their hearing range. 7．In what way can microphones be used to benefit plants? A．Weed prevention. B．Pest control. C．Temperature monitoring. D．Timely irrigation. 8．What still remains unknown to Hadany’s team? A．Whether the sounds of plants can travel far. B．Whether animals can hear the sounds of plants. C．How the neighbors of plants respond to their sounds. D．How plants and animals communicate with each other. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期中） Giant pandas are among the most lovable animals alive today. Unlike their relatives, such as the polar bear, pandas don’t eat meat but survive on a diet of only bamboo. So why and how have pandas abandoned their taste for meat to pick up a vegetarian diet? Pandas today don’t eat meat. However, they’ve kept much of their meat-eating adaptations from times past. Their digestive systems have not changed much from their meat-eating days. Out of the huge 12.5 kg of bamboo they eat in a single day, only about 17% of it is digested. To survive, pandas eat large amounts of bamboo while having a low-metabolic (新陈代谢的), lazy lifestyle to make up for the poor energy return. The giant panda’s shift to a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivation of a specific gene — Taslrl, which provides them with the ability to taste certain amino acids (氨基酸) abundant in meat. Its inactivation in pandas would lead to their dietary change. Pandas have evolved to a great degree to cope with their relatively recent bamboo-eating lifestyle. Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots. To assist with this, they have developed a long “fake-thumb” (伪拇指). So giant pandas have six fingers in each paw which provides better support for them to seize objects such as bamboo in one paw quickly. Researchers have found that the surface of the panda’s tongue is different. While other bears and many meat-eating animals have smooth tongues, pandas have evolved tiny projections (隆起物) on the surface of their tongues that serve to file down (锉平) food. This is especially useful for pandas as they remove the outer cover of bamboo. Time will tell if pandas will adapt and survive, go back to eating meat, or disappear in the wild. Whatever the future holds, we can be grateful that, for the time being, we get to share our planet with these adorable animals. 9．Why are the numbers mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To illustrate the variety of food. B．To represent the evolutionary rule of pandas. C．To describe the changes of living environment. D．To show the ineffectiveness of digestive system. 10．What caused pandas’ change in diet? A．The low-metabolic ability. B．The amino acids in meat. C．The Taslrl gene’s inactivation. D．The supplies of bamboo. 11．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Seizing bamboo shoots. B．The low energy return. C．Developing more fingers. D．The vegetarian diet. 12．What is the text mainly about? A．Pandas’ adaptation to the new environment. B．Pandas’ evolutionary reason and feature in eating. C．Pandas’ unique lifestyle. D．Pandas’ special appearance. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——发明创造与科技进步 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中） We can find robots everywhere. Robots build cars, play chess and can clean your house. They may drive your car in the near future. Two robots, named Spirit and Opportunity, were sent to Mars on a mission (任务) to explore the red planet. Robots also help people in natural disasters. They are used in search and rescue operations following an earthquake or a nuclear accident. In most cases, robots are sent to places considered to be unsafe. The problem is that all of those types of situations are extremely unpredictable and unfriendly. And it is very likely that robots in those situations become damaged. When a dog loses a leg, the animal eventually finds the best way to get around on three legs. In a short time, the dog learns to deal with its physical disability. Now, scientists have developed robots that behave in the same way. Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired. The researchers have added one more operation to the skill set of robots working under complicated conditions. They programmed a hexapod robot with six legs and a robotic arm. Their findings were reported in the journal Nature. Once the hexapod robots become damaged, they can use their own knowledge of how their body works to find a solution. The hexapod robots are also programmed with childlike curiosity. In other words, they are always asking questions and looking for the answers. The whole process just takes about a minute for the robots to overcome the damage and continue to carry out the task. 1．What do we know about robots? A．They usually work in dangerous places. B．They may do great harm to people. C．Dogs are used to help them work well. D．People can’t live normally without them. 2．According to Jeff Clune, the new technology ____. A．helps robots deal with the damage. B．protects robots from serious harm. C．makes robots have self-repair ability. D．allows robots to realize possible danger. 3．What can we infer about the hexapod robots? A．The idea of them is from Nature. B．They can sense people’s feelings. C．They look like children in appearance. D．They can make changes in a very short time. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to Use Robots Properly. B．Robots are Helpful to Humans. C．Damaged Robots Learn to Keep Working. D．The Development of the Hexapod Robot. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4.C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家研发出能在受损后继续工作的机器人。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In most cases, robots are sent to places considered to be unsafe. (在大多数情况下，机器人被派往被认为不安全的地方。)”可知，机器人通常在危险的地方工作，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired.(计算机科学家杰夫·克卢恩正在开发最新和先进的技术，以便机器人在出现受伤迹象后能继续工作。他希望这些机器能够具备分析故障原因的能力，并做出调整以继续运行，直至可以进行维修。)”可知，新技术帮助机器人处理损伤，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Once the hexapod robots become damaged, they can use their own knowledge of how their body works to find a solution. (一旦六足机器人受损，它们就能利用自身对身体工作原理的了解来找到解决方案。)”和最后一段中“The whole process just takes about a minute for the robots to overcome the damage and continue to carry out the task. (整个过程只需大约一分钟，机器人就能克服损伤并继续执行任务。)”可知，六足机器人能在很短的时间内做出改变，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段“Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired. (计算机科学家杰夫·克卢恩正在开发最新且先进的技术，以便机器人在出现首个受伤迹象后仍能继续运行。他希望这些机器能够具备分析原因并进行改变的能力，从而在能够修复之前继续执行任务。)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家们研发新技术使受损机器人能继续工作，所以C选项“Damaged Robots Learn to Keep Working (受损机器人学会继续工作)”最符合文章标题，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·福建三明·期中） If you’re planning to go on a diet, or if you suffer from serious conditions like diabetes (糖尿病), knowing exactly what and how much you’re eating is essential. In this day and age, we have calorie and nutrition calculators even on our smartphones, but they act only as guides, whereas a famous company’s revolutionary new device, CaloRieco, actually analyzes the food on your plate and provides accurate information in just a few seconds. You’ve probably used calorie calculators before, and you know that they only offer general information. For example, a calculator will tell you the average number of calories in a hamburger, but it can’t tell you exactly how many calories are in the hamburger. The same goes for nutrients like protein or fat. And this is what makes the new CaloRieco so special. The spokesman for the company said that its outstanding invention is aimed at dieters and diabetes sufferers, both of whom make up a sizable market. Displayed at a recent tech show, CaloRieco is a high-tech device that uses light reflection technology to determine the nutritional values of almost any food and also provide accurate calorie estimates. All you have to do is put your plate in the box-shaped device and wait between 10 and 20 seconds for it to analyze all the food. Once it’s done analyzing the various ingredients (成分) in your meal, CaloRieco displays the number of calories, as well as the nutritional content on an LED display. According to the company, the device is able to recognize the vast majority of foods, except soups and very dark dishes. CaloRieco can also connect to your smartphone via an app, and send all the data about analyzed foods to your handheld device, so you can access it whenever you need. Unfortunately, you’ll have to wait a bit longer to get your hands on your very own CaloRicco, as the device presented at the show is just a prototype (样机) which needs to be improved. It’s expected to be a hit in the next few years, but the price remains a mystery. 5．What is the advantage of CaloRieco? A．It uses light reflection technology. B．It offers general information of food. C．It is a high-tech device working as a guide. D．It can present the exact calorie of analyzed food. 6．According to the text, CaloRieco ________. A．needs a long time to analyze the food B．can count the calories of all foods on your plate C．can display the food data on the smartphone directly D．may be well received among dieters and diabetes sufferers 7．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．The data. B．The app. C．The smartphone. D．The food. 8．What can we infer about CaloRieco from the last paragraph? A．It’s perfect. B．It’s promising. C．It’s costly. D．It’s portable 【答案】5．D 6．D 7. A 8. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新发明CaloRieco，它能提供分析食物的准确数据，还可以帮助节食者和糖尿病患者分析食物，从而得到很好的治疗。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“In this day and age, we have calorie and nutrition calculators even on our smartphones, but they act only as guides, whereas a famous company’s revolutionary new device, CaloRieco, actually analyzes the food on your plate and provides accurate information in just a few seconds.(在这个时代，我们甚至在智能手机上都有卡路里和营养计算器，但它们只是作为指南，而著名公司的革命性新设备CaloRieco实际上分析了你盘子里的食物，并在几秒钟内提供准确的信息)”和第二段中“For example, a calculator will tell you the average number of calories in a hamburger, but it can’t tell you exactly how many calories are in the hamburger. The same goes for nutrients like protein or fat. And this is what makes the new CaloRieco so special.(例如，计算器会告诉你一个汉堡包的平均卡路里数，但它不能告诉你汉堡包到底有多少卡路里。蛋白质或脂肪等营养物质也是如此。这就是新CaloRieco的特别之处)”可知，CaloRieco的优势是能够提供分析食物的准确数据。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句话“The spokesman for the company said that its outstanding invention is aimed at dieters and diabetes sufferers, both of whom make up a sizable market. Displayed at a recent tech show, CaloRieco is a high-tech device that uses light reflection technology to determine the nutritional values of almost any food and also provide accurate calorie estimates.(该公司发言人表示，该公司的杰出发明面向减肥者和糖尿病患者，这两个群体都占据了相当大的市场。CaloRieco是一种高科技设备，它使用光反射技术来确定几乎所有食物的营养价值，并提供准确的卡路里估算)”可知，CaloRicco 的目标顾客是减肥者和糖尿病患者，因为它可以为这些人提供食物的准确分析数据。所以这款产品在减肥者和糖尿病患者中可能很受欢迎。故选D。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在的前半句话“CaloRieco can also connect to your smartphone via an app, and send all the data about analyzed foods to your handheld device(CaloRieco还可以通过应用程序连接到您的智能手机，并将有关分析食品的所有数据发送到您的手持设备)”可知，CaloRieco还可以通过应用程序连接到您的智能手机，并把分析出来的数据发送到你的设备中，这样无论你什么时候需要，都能查看数据。所以it在这里指代分析出来的数据。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Unfortunately, you’ll have to wait a bit longer to get your hands on your very own CaloRieco, as the device presented at the show is just a prototype (样机) which needs to be improved. It’s expected to be a hit in the next few years, but the price remains a mystery.(不幸的是，你需要再等一段时间才能拿到自己的CaloRieco，因为展会上展示的设备只是一个需要改进的原型。预计它将在未来几年内大受欢迎，但价格仍然是个谜)”可知，这个产品还需要进一步的改善，但是在未来它会很受欢迎。由此可推知，这个产品还是很有前景的。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·上海·期中） “Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,” George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. “They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.” Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U. S. history. Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology. Present systems for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs – or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and stare into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people. It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science — the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well. Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to send people to Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion(推进力)? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready. 9．What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in common? A．Instant value. B．Human inhabitance. C．Venture cost. D．Exploring spirit. 10．Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons EXCEPT that ______. A．its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford. B．great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in America. C．American people’s health care will be affected a lot if it is implemented. D．unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment. 11．Which can be concluded from the passage? A．Using the current technology to explore Mars is challenging but realistic. B．A Mars mission is considered as unpractical mainly because of the high cost. C．Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration. D．Great efforts should be put in the development of manned Mars mission. 12．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes some technological sense. B．A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America. C．Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain America’s position as a technological leader. D．A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries. 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．C 12. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是美国关于火星探索的进程，在未来的某一天，人类将去往火星。 9．推理判断题。由文章第一段“‘Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,’ George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. ‘They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.’(两个世纪前，路易斯和克拉克离开圣路易斯，去探索路易斯安那购地获得的新土地，乔治·布什说，并宣布了他希望实施一个将男性和女性送往火星的计划。他们带着探索的精神踏上了这段旅程。美国出于同样的原因冒险进入太空。)”可知，路易斯和克拉克的探险与火星任务都体现了探索的精神。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Present systems for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs—or by raising taxes.(目前从地球表面到近地轨道的系统是如此昂贵，以至于仅仅发射火星任务所需的1000吨左右的航天器和设备就只能通过削减医疗福利、教育支出或其他重要项目——或通过提高税收来实现。)”可知，对于布什总统的提议，如果实施，美国人民的福祉将受到很大损害。同时它也是费用高昂的，导致美国政府不得不提高税收来实现，紧靠政府是负担不起的。同时根据倒数第二段中“Bush’s proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science — the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.(布什的提案呼吁将NASA现有的预算重新规划到火星计划中，这实际上可能会导致这种无人驾驶科学的减少——这是太空探索中非常有效的一个方面。)”可知，布什的提案也变相减少了无人驾驶科学的预算，因此A,C,D三个选项都可以作为反对布什的提案的理由。根据倒数第二段中“he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration: pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars.(他列举了最近太空探索的主要成就：火星上有水的证据的照片，太阳系外100多个行星的发现，以及对火星土壤的研究。)”可知，布什的提案是在美国在火星探测方面已经取得了巨大的成就的基础上提出来的，由此不会作为反对布什的提案的理由。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled (公开) his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration: pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars.(有趣的是，当布什总统公布他的提议时，他列出了最近太空探索的主要成就：火星上有水的证据的照片，太阳系外100多个行星的发现，以及对火星土壤的研究。)”可知，布什的提议是基于最近太空探索的三项伟大成就而提出来的。故选C。 12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit (运输) to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.(如果新的发射系统能够以合理的价格将重量送入轨道，并且先进的推进系统能够加快去往火星的漫长而缓慢的旅程，那么踏上这颗红色星球的梦想可能会成为现实。当技术成熟时，火星仍然会在那里。)”以及通读全文，文章介绍了美国关于火星探索的进程，同时也指出在未来的某一天只有当技术有一定的发展，梦想才能成为现实即人类才能登上火星。故选A。 主题02 人与自我——个人健康管理和生活方式 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·浙江·阶段练习）Health is not just about exercise and eating more fruits and vegetables. Keeping proper posture is vital for living a healthy life and avoiding negative health problems. Good posture doesn’t mean your back must be completely straight-no matter how many times you heard warnings to “sit up straight” or “stand straight” in your youth. Actually, the spine has a natural curve (弯曲). This allows the head to be centered over the neck and the body to be centered over the hips, which is their ideal placement for maintaining good posture. Keeping proper posture provides a plenty of physical benefits including reducing the chance of getting sports injuries, digestive problems, muscle and stress injuries. It minimizes the amount of stress on all your muscles. Correct posture can improve breathing as well. The inefficient breathing patterns are associated with a slouched (懒散的) posture, in part because such a position forces the body to rely more on upper-chest breathing. By contrast, the belly breathing is more efficient and relaxing. This is important because many of the worst health problems of poor posture can take years before they become noticeable. Along with such physical advantages, proper posture can also improve your mental health and your life. “A person with neutral head-level posture is considered as more cooperative than someone who has their head in an up-or-down position,” says Laura Deon, a physical medicine specialist at RUSH University in Chicago. “Good posture can improve communication skills and make your everyday exchanges go smoothly,” she explains. To experience benefits related to proper posture, it is recommended to pay attention to how you sit and stand and to practice doing so correctly and often enough until it feels natural. Besides, wearing proper footwear, doing exercise and sitting on chairs that offer back support could be helpful too. No matter which of these techniques you follow, good posture can be trained with practice. 1．What do we know about our back? A．It has a natural curve. B．It keeps still all the time. C．It needs to be totally straight. D．It looks quite bent from the side. 2．According to Laura Deon, how can good posture affect social interactions? A．It makes you look taller. B．It makes you less focused. C．It makes you seem humorous. D．It makes you seem more cooperative. 3．Which of the following is not a benefit from proper posture? A．Improve mental health. B．Strengthen one’s memory. C．Relieve muscle injuries. D．Reduce digestive problems. 4．What does the author suggest readers do to keep proper posture? A．Wear hard sneakers. B．Choose soft chairs to sit. C．Sit on chairs all day. D．Keep posture natural with practice. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4.D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了保持正确姿势对于健康生活的重要性，以及正确姿势带来的身体和心理方面的益处，同时给出了一些保持正确姿势的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Actually, the spine has a natural curve. (实际上，脊柱有一个自然的弯曲)”可知，我们的背部有一个自然的弯曲。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中Laura Deon的话“A person with neutral head-level posture is considered as more cooperative than someone who has their head in an up-or-down position. (一个头部保持中立姿态的人被认为比头部上扬或下垂的人更具合作精神。)”可知，良好的姿势可以让你看起来更具有合作精神。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Keeping proper posture provides a plenty of physical benefits including reducing the chance of getting sports injuries, digestive problems, muscle and stress injuries. (保持正确的姿势提供了许多身体方面的好处，包括减少运动伤害、消化问题、肌肉和压力伤害的可能性)”和第五段中“Along with such physical advantages, proper posture can also improve your mental health and your life. (除了这些身体方面的优势，正确的姿势还可以改善你的心理健康和生活)”可知，正确姿势可以改善心理健康、缓解肌肉损伤和减少消化问题，文章没有提到正确姿势可以加强记忆力。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“To experience benefits related to proper posture, it is recommended to pay attention to how you sit and stand and to practice doing so correctly and often enough until it feels natural. (为了体验与正确姿势相关的好处，建议注意你的坐姿和站姿，并经常正确地练习，直到它感觉自然为止)”可知，作者建议读者通过练习使姿势自然来保持正确的姿势。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏南京·期中） I recently read The Big Leap by Gay Hendricks, a psychologist who introduces the concept of different “zones” in life and work. These zones describe varying levels of ability and fulfillment (满足感) in our activities. The Zone of Disability involves tasks you’re not good at; the Zone of Ability includes tasks you’re capable of but find unsatisfying. The Zone of Excellence is where you stand out but might feel a little discouraged, and finally, the Zone of Genius is where your unique talents and passions shine, leading to deep fulfillment. Curious to identify my Zone of Genius, I took a related test. To my surprise, it turns out my Zone of Genius is “Networking.” I even considered framing (装裱) the results and hanging them over the fireplace. This situation is particularly amusing, because I am often perceived as an introvert (内向的人) — some would say I tend to escape from social contacts. That makes me occasionally in low spirits and doubtful about my ability to socialize. What explains this contradiction? Perceptions of introversion largely depend on cultural expectations, with different societies defining “introverted” and “extroverted” behaviors differently. In the United States, extroversion is often idealized. In contrast, in some East Asian cultures, such as Japan and China, value is associated with introversion. Differences also exist between Northern and Southern Europe. Research shows that the level of introversion differs widely across cultures, making it challenging to label introversion universally. Contrary to the opinion that introverts are shy, research suggests they possess unique skills and strengths. The Harvard Grant Study shows that introverts tend to have fewer but deeper and more meaningful relationships. Another misunderstanding is that introverts do not make good leaders. However, studies show that introverted leaders can be just as effective — if not more so than the extroverts. It’s vital to distinguish between introversion and shyness. Shyness is a fear of social judgment. However, introverts can be highly social, particularly in small groups or one-on-one conversations. Their preference for meaningful interaction over small talk makes them experts at forming deep, lasting relationships. So, the next time you meet an introvert, remember that their quiet behavior may hide a world of deep thoughts, keen insights, and powerful leadership potential. 5．If your Zone of Excellence is “English”, it may mean ________. A．you are in trouble completing English assignments B．you can display your talent in English to the fullest C．your mind always wander off when learning English D．you have a grasp of English but feel upset occasionally 6．Why did the author consider framing the results and hanging them? A．The results were in line with his belief. B．The results proved his ability in social life. C．The results confirmed his nature of introversion. D．The results reminded him to avoid social contacts. 7．According to the text, to tell whether a person is an introvert, you should take ________ into consideration. A．his birthplace B．his inner value C．his cultural background D．his education level 8．According to the text, which of the following is TRUE about the introverts? A．They can develop lasting relationships with others. B．They fear deeper and more meaningful relationships. C．They have advantages over the extroverts in workplace. D．They often hide their unique potential in front of others. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自身的例子说明了内向的人的特点，并指出理解“内向”时应注意的问题。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“The Zone of Excellence is where you stand out but might feel a little discouraged, and finally, the Zone of Genius is where your unique talents and passions shine, leading to deep fulfillment. (卓越区是你脱颖而出的地方，但可能会感到有点沮丧，最后，天才区是你独特的才能和激情闪耀的地方，会带来深刻的满足感。)”可知，如果你的特长是“英语”，这可能意味着你精通英语，但偶尔会感到沮丧。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“Curious to identify my Zone of Genius, I took a related test. To my surprise, it turns out my Zone of Genius is “Networking.” I even considered framing (装裱) the results and hanging them over the fireplace. This situation is particularly amusing, because I am often perceived as an introvert (内向的人) — some would say I tend to escape from social contacts. That makes me occasionally in low spirits and doubtful about my ability to socialize. (为了找出自己的“天才地带”，我做了一个相关的测试。令我惊讶的是，我的天赋是“建立关系网”。我甚至想过把结果裱起来挂在壁炉上。这种情况特别有趣，因为我经常被认为是一个内向的人——有些人会说我倾向于逃避社会交往。这让我偶尔情绪低落，怀疑自己的社交能力。)”可知，作者考虑把结果裱起来挂起来是因为结果证明了他在社会生活中的能力。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Perceptions of introversion largely depend on cultural expectations, with different societies defining “introverted” and “extroverted” behaviors differently.(对内向的看法在很大程度上取决于文化期望，不同的社会对“内向”和“外向”行为的定义不同。)”和最后一句“Research shows that the level of introversion differs widely across cultures, making it challenging to label introversion universally. (研究表明，在不同的文化中，内向的程度差异很大，因此很难给内向贴上统一的标签。)”可知，要判断一个人是否内向，你应该考虑他的文化背景。故选C项。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“However, introverts can be highly social, particularly in small groups or one-on-one conversations. Their preference for meaningful interaction over small talk makes them experts at forming deep, lasting relationships. (然而，内向的人可能非常善于社交，尤其是在小团体或一对一的谈话中。比起闲聊，他们更喜欢有意义的互动，这使他们成为建立深厚、持久关系的专家。)”可知，内向者可以与他人建立持久的关系。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·广东惠州·期中）People who sleep fewer than six hours a night are more likely to die early, researchers in University of Warwick have found in a recent study. They discovered that people who slept for less than six hours each night were 12% more likely to die before the age of 65 than those who slept the recommended six to eight hours a night. The researchers pointed out that previous studies had shown that the lack of sleep was associated with problems like heart disease and high blood pressure. However, the researchers also found that sleeping too much was linked to an early death. Those who slept for more than nine hours a night were 30% more likely to die early, as an article in the latest Sleep suggested. That directly contradicts another passage in the same journal last month suggesting that people who slept for ten hours or longer a night were more likely to live to 100. This was thought to be because people who lived into extreme old age were healthier and therefore slept better. However, the authors of the latest research contradicted this and suggested that long sleep was a sign of underlying illnesses such as depression and low levels of physical activity. Professor Francesco Cappuccio at the University of Warwick said: “While short sleep may represent a cause of ill-health, long sleep is believed to represent more an indicator of ill – health.” He also mentioned: Modern society has seen a gradual reduction in the average amount of sleep people take, and this pattern is more common among full-time workers suggesting that it may be due to social pressures for longer working hours. On the other hand, the worsening of our health is often accompanied by an extension of our sleeping time.” Consistently sleeping six to eight hours per night may be good for health. However, whether to achieve the goal depends on various factors such as the environment as well as measures of public health aimed at favourable changes of the s working environments Professor Francesco Cappuccio added. 9．What did researchers in University of Warwick find? A．Six to eight hours’ sleep can be appropriate for people. B．People at an old age are healthier because they sleep longer. C．People who sleep fewer than 6 hours each night die before 65. D．Sleeping for more than 9 hours a night does good to one’s health. 10．What is Professor Francesco Cappuccio most likely to agree with? A．How long we sleep depends on our education. B．Our health becomes worse because we sleep less. C．Modern people sleep less because they work longer. D．Long sleep is what causes our health problems. 11．What did the researcher think may help people have proper sleep? A．Social pressure B．Extension of sleeping time. C．Longer working hours D．Changes of working environments. 12．What can be the best title for this passage? A．Time to Sleep early B．How Long Should We Sleep C．The Importance of Sleep D．Longer Sleep Makes Better Health 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．B 12. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。华威大学的研究人员经过研究发现，每晚睡眠不足6小时的人死亡风险更大，每晚睡6至8小时最合适，而每晚睡10小时或更长时间的长睡眠则被认为更能代表健康不良的一个指标。 9．推理判断题。根据第一中的“They discovered that people who slept for les than six hours each night were 12% more likelyto die before the age of 65 than those who slept the recommended six to eight hours a night.（他们发现，每晚睡眠时间少于6小时的人在65岁之前死亡的可能性比每晚睡眠时间达到建议的6至8小时的人高12%）”可知，研究者们发现，每晚睡眠不足6小时的人在65岁之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小时的人高出12%。由此可推出，每晚睡足6至8小时是比较合适的。故选A项。 10． 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Modern society has seen a gradual reduction in the average amount of sleep people take,and this pattern is more common among ful-time workers, suggesting that it may be due to social pressures for onger working hours.（现代社会已经看到人们的平均睡眠时间逐渐减少，这种模式在全职工作者中更为常见，这表明这可能是由于更长工作时间的社会压力）”可知，Professor Francesco Cappuccio认为睡眠不足在全职工作者中更为常见，这可能由于社会压力导致的长时间工作造成的。故选C项。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Consistently sleeping six to eight hours per night may be good for health. However, whether to achieve the goal depends on various factors such as the environment as well as measures of public health aimed at favourable change of the working environments（每晚持续睡6到8小时可能对健康有益。然而，能否实现这一目标取决于各种因素，如环境以及旨在改善工作环境的公共卫生措施）”可知，能否实现每晚睡足6至8小时这个目标取决于环境的改变以及针对工作环境变化的公共卫生措施等多种因素。由此可知，工作环境的改变是帮助人们获得适当睡眠的方法之一。故选D项。 12．主旨大意题。文章第一段点明研究结果：每晚睡眠不足6小时的人在65岁之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小时的人高出12%。下文针对这一研究结果，分析了导致这种结果的原因，解决方法等。故第一段是中心段，其余各段都以此为中心展开。故结合选项，B选项“我们应该睡多长时间”作为本文标题，与主题相符合。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·广东省调研·期中） There’s so much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air that just planting trees and protecting forests won’t solve the problem. When plants and trees die, the carbon they’ve stored gets released again. Moreover, the CO2 in the atmosphere is much more dilute than in, for example, waste gas from a power station or a steel plant. Capturing CO2 from the air is the most expensive application of carbon capture. Direct Air Capture (DAC) is one type of technological carbon removal, which obtains CO2 directly from the atmosphere at any location, unlike carbon capture which is generally carried out at the point of emissions. The CO2 can be permanently stored in deep geological formations or used for a variety of applications. Graphyte is a US company working on DAC． The company claims its carbon capture method is cheap, mainly because it lets plants do the work. The company collects unwanted wood products from farmers and furniture companies. It dries this “biomass” completely so that it can’t break down. Graphyte then smashes (打碎) the dried plants into small bricks which it seals in a special wrapper and buries deep underground. Graphyte says its process doesn’t use much energy and can work anywhere. The plant and tree material the process uses would release carbon if it wasn’t treated. And the cost is less than$ 100 to capture a ton of CO2. The company is building a factory, but it’s not running yet. Not everyone is excited about this carbon removal. Some people worry that it will take too long for DAC technology to become powerful enough to make a difference. Others worry that focusing on removing carbon could take attention away from more important climate actions, like switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy. But experts say the decision isn’t to do one or the other. The world needs to end fossil fuel use and pull carbon out of the air. 1．What does the author intend to tell us in the first paragraph? A．Trees can purify the air in the sky. B．Plants release more carbon dioxide. C．Removing carbon from air is challenging. D．CO2 emission reduction is urgently needed. 2．What does the underlined word “dilute” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Beneficial. B．Thin. C．Harmful. D．Concentrated. 3．What can we know about Graphyte’s DAC project? A．Its cost is relatively low. B．It is in good operation now. C．Its working condition is demanding. D．It turns carbon into building materials. 4．What is the experts’ opinion about DAC technology? A．It will make a difference soon. B．It can replace renewable energy in time. C．It will result in more environmental concerns. D．It can work together with other climate measures. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4.D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了使用DAC技术捕捉碳的研究、进展及思考。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Capturing CO2 from the air is the most expensive application of carbon capture. (从空气中捕获二氧化碳是碳捕获最昂贵的应用。)”及后文主要介绍了碳捕捉可知，第一段想要告诉我们从空气中捕捉二氧化碳很有挑战性。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Moreover, the CO2 in the atmosphere is much more dilute than in, for example, waste gas from a power station or a steel plant. (此外，大气中的二氧化碳比发电站或钢铁厂的废气中的二氧化碳要稀得多。)”可知，这里是将大气中的二氧化碳和发电厂或钢铁厂废气中的二氧化碳进行对比，发电厂或钢铁厂废气中的二氧化碳浓度高，那么大气中的二氧化碳相对就是稀薄的，所以dilute意思是“稀薄的”，故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The company claims its carbon capture method is cheap, mainly because it lets plants do the work. (该公司声称其碳捕获方法很便宜，主要是因为它让植物完成这项工作。)”及第四段中的“And the cost is less than$ 100 to capture a ton of CO2. (捕获一吨二氧化碳的成本不到100美元。)”可知，Graphyte的DAC项目其成本相对较低，故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But experts say the decision isn’t to do one or the other. The world needs to end fossil fuel use and pull carbon out of the air. (但专家表示，这个决定不是做一个或那个。世界需要结束化石燃料的使用并从空气中去除碳。)”可知，专家们普遍认为DAC技术可以与其他环保举措并行不悖。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·吉林通化·期中） Experts believe that earthquakes may become more closer and stronger together as a result of climate change. The melting of glaciers is speeding up due to global warming. The land that was beneath the melted glacier water rises when it runs off land and into the sea. One of the most mysterious (神秘的) and terrible natural disasters is the earthquake. While experts can prepare when the major ones will strike, smaller ones can strike seemingly at any time, affecting entire cities and causing smaller disasters like fires, landslides and tsunamis. An upcoming rise in sea level along with glacier melting may make future earthquakes more frequent, according to John Cassidy, a seismologist. The risk of earthquakes caused by glacial retreat (后退) is less than that of which may be related to rising sea levels. Increase in sea level results in an increase in underwater pressure on the seabed and therefore on the fault (断层) lines near the shore. According to researchers, many earthquakes that are expected to occur soon near San Francisco and Los Angeles still have late earthquake cycles. The pause in sea level rise could take up to a thousand years, even in the event that we immediately ceased using greenhouse gases. There is no quick fix, however. Because we have been worsening the environment for many decades, it will take many years of efforts to solve it. Cassidy stressed that the effects of climate change will increase their risk when earthquakes occur. As sea levels rise, earthquake-caused tsunamis will spread farther inland. Increased rainfall brought on by warmer waters will enhance the possibility of landslides caused by earthquakes. “It’s an important topic, and one that I’m sure we’ll see a lot of information coming out on in the coming months and years if we continue our climate warming,” he said. 5．What is the result of glacier melting according to paragraph 1? A．New glaciers will appear. B．Climate change comes to an end. C．The land beneath is going up. D．There will be fewer fires occurring. 6．What factor might contribute more to earthquake frequency according to John Cassidy? A．Glaciers’ retreat. B．Underground water movement. C．Increased rainfall. D．Rising sea levels. 7．What does the underlined phrase “quick fix” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Good result. B．Easy solution. C．Big decision. D．Perfect reason. 8．What is John Cassidy’s attitude to the earthquakes in the future? A．Unclear. B．Uninterested. C．Concerned. D．Doubtful. 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．B 8. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是气候变化对地震活动可能产生的影响。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“The melting of glaciers is speeding up due to global warming. The land that was beneath the melted glacier water rises when it runs off land and into the sea.(由于全球变暖，冰川的融化正在加速。融化的冰川水从陆地流入海洋时，下面的土地会上升。)”可知，冰川融化会导致原本在冰川下的土地上升，故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“An upcoming rise in sea level along with glacier melting may make future earthquakes more frequent, according to John Cassidy, a seismologist. The risk of earthquakes caused by glacial retreat (后退) is less than that of which may be related to rising sea levels.(地震学家John Cassidy表示，即将到来的海平面上升和冰川融化可能会使未来的地震更加频繁。冰川退缩引起的地震风险小于海平面上升引起的地震风险。)”可知，根据John Cassidy的说法，海平面上升对地震频率的影响更大。故选D。 7．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Because we have been worsening the environment for many decades, it will take many years of efforts to solve it.(因为几十年来我们一直在恶化环境，要解决这个问题需要很多年的努力。)”可知，要解决这个问题需要很多年的努力，所以是没有快速或简单的解决办法，划线短语quick fix的意思是“快速解决的办法”，和easy solution意思相近。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Cassidy stressed that the effects of climate change will increase their risk when earthquakes occur. As sea levels rise, earthquake-caused tsunamis will spread farther inland. Increased rainfall brought on by warmer waters will enhance the possibility of landslides caused by earthquakes.(Cassidy强调，当地震发生时，气候变化的影响将增加它们的风险。随着海平面上升，地震引发的海啸将向内陆蔓延。温暖的海水带来的降雨增加将增加地震引起的山体滑坡的可能性。)”可知，John Cassidy对未来地震的态度是担忧的，故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·四川成都·期中） Earthquakes are among the most powerful and destructive natural phenomena on our planet. They result from plate movements, where the Earth’s crustal plates grind against each other, causing stress to build up over time. When this stress exceeds the strength of the rock, it ruptures (断裂), releasing energy in the form of seismic waves (地震波) that travel through the Earth’s interior and shake the surface. The force of an earthquake depends on the extent of rock movement, and powerful events can shake firm ground violently for great distances. Earthquakes can have catastrophic consequences, though they rarely kill people directly. Instead, deaths and injuries are often caused by falling objects, building collapses, and subsequent fires or hazardous chemical spills. So no matter where we are, knowing how to protect ourselves and our family during an earthquake is necessary. For example, when we feel the ground is shaking, find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, or a closet, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact (压实) the furniture, but will still leave a space for us to survive next to it. After earthquakes, immediate response is crucial to save lives and minimize damage. Governments, international organizations, and local communities should work together to provide emergency relief, including medical aid, food, water, shelter, and search and rescue operations. Earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating natural disasters that can have profound impacts on communities worldwide. While we cannot prevent earthquakes from happening, we can take steps to mitigate their effects through better building codes, early warning systems, and effective response and recovery efforts. By working together, we can reduce the human toll (伤亡人数) of these powerful events and build more resilient communities. 9．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．What earthquakes are. B．What earthquakes cause. C．Where earthquakes occur. D．How earthquakes happen. 10．What should we do during an earthquake according to the text? A．Stay in the bedroom. B．Hide in a closet. C．Lie down next to a sofa. D．Curl up under a chair. 11．What is the key to reducing death and damage after an earthquake? A．Immediate response to others’ help. B．Quick action and cooperation at home and abroad. C．Getting connected with family and friends immediately. D．Waiting for aid from governments, communities and international organizations. 12．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Reduce. B．Prevent. C．Research. D．Promote. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震发生的原因，造成的严重后果，人们应该怎么做才能减少伤亡以及震后可以采取哪些措施减少损失。 9．主旨大意题。根据第一段“They result from plate movements, where the Earth’s crustal plates grind against each other, causing stress to build up over time. (它们是板块运动的结果，地球的地壳板块相互摩擦，造成压力随着时间的推移而增加)”及本段内容可知，第一段是介绍地震发生的原因，即地震如何发生的。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段的“For example, when we feel the ground is shaking, find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, or a closet, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact (压实) the furniture, but will still leave a space for us to survive next to it. (例如，当我们感到地面在晃动时，找一件漂亮的家具，椅子，沙发或壁橱，躺下，或蜷缩在它旁边。倒塌的屋顶可能会压紧家具，但仍会为我们留下生存的空间)”可知，地震时我们应该躺在沙发旁边。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“After earthquakes, immediate response is crucial to save lives and minimize damage. Governments, international organizations, and local communities should work together to provide emergency relief, including medical aid, food, water, shelter, and search and rescue operations. (地震发生后，快速反应对于挽救生命和减少损失至关重要。各国政府、国际组织和当地社区应共同努力，提供紧急救援，包括医疗援助、食品、水、住所以及搜救行动)”可知，地震后减少死亡和损失的关键是快速行动，国内外合作。故选B。 12．词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句“While we cannot prevent earthquakes from happening, (虽然我们无法预防地震的发生)”和后半句“through better building codes, early warning systems, and effective response and recovery efforts. (通过更好的建筑规范、早期预警系统以及有效的响应和恢复工作)”可知，地震无法预测，也无法避免，但是我们可以采取措施来减少地震的影响。所以划线词mitigate为“减少”之意。故选A。 主题01 人与社会——社会交往与科技影响 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期中） U. S. teens spend more than eight hours a day on screens, and there’s growing concern over it. Now, a new study published by the American Psychological (心理的) Association, confirms that teens seem to feel better about themselves when they cut back. “Social media can feel like a comparison trap (陷阱),” says study author Helen Thai, a doctoral student in psychology at McGill University. Her research found that limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens and young adults feel better about their body image and their appearance. “What I noticed in social media was that I couldn’t help but compare myself.” Thai says. Reading posts from famous people and influencers, as well as people in her own social network, led to a lack of self-confidence. So, Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether reducing time on social media would improve body image. They gathered a few hundred volunteers, aged 17-25. all of whom had experienced symptoms (症状) of anxiety or depression — which could make them easily influenced by social media. Half of the volunteers were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks. The other half continued to use social media with no limits. The researchers gave the volunteers surveys at the beginning and end of the study, including statements such as “I’m pretty happy about the way I look,” and “I am satisfied with my weight.” Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5-point scale. The change may seem small, but any change in such a short period of time is worth noticing. “It’s encouraging that college students were willing to cut back screen time, even for three weeks,” psychologist Andrea Graham says. While this study included people with symptoms of anxiety or depression, Graham says it’s worth applying this approach to other groups, such as people with eating problems. 1．What is the probable meaning of the underlined sentence in para 2? A．Teens are forced to post their own images on social media B．Teens couldn’t help but spend too much time on social media C．Teens tends to compare themselves with others on social media D．Teens are fooled into believing false information on social media 2．How was the research conducted by Thai and a team of researchers? A．By listing numbers B．By giving examples C．By making comparisons D．By analyzing causes and effects 3．What can we learn about the survey? A．The study included people with mental health and eating problems B．There was little difference in appearance score between the two groups C．College students were not willing to reduce screen time for more weeks D．Cutting social media use makes a difference to teens’ opinion of their image 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．Less screen time, more self-confidence B．Social media, a time bomb on your health C．How to improve your image on social media D．Concern over social media addiction keeps growing 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4,A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现减少社交媒体的使用会让青少年对自己感觉更好，文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及意义。 1．词义猜测题。划线句 “Social media can feel like a comparison trap” 意为 “社交媒体感觉像一个比较陷阱”。结合下文提到的 “What I noticed in social media was that I couldn’t help but compare myself”（在社交媒体上，我忍不住拿自己和别人比较）以及 “看名人、网红和身边人的帖子会导致自信心不足”，可知这句话的核心是 “青少年在社交媒体上容易与他人进行比较”。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章描述，Thai 的研究将志愿者分为两组：一组被要求将社交媒体使用时间限制在每天 60 分钟，另一组则无限制使用。通过对比两组在研究前后的外观满意度得分差异，得出结论。这种研究方法属于 “对比实验法（making comparisons）”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。研究结果显示，减少社交媒体使用后，青少年对自身形象的评价有所提升，即 “减少社交媒体使用对青少年的自我形象认知有影响”。故选D。 4.主旨大意题。文章核心是一项研究：青少年减少屏幕（社交媒体）使用时间后，自信心（尤其对自身形象的满意度）有所提升。故选A。 Passage 2 （23-24高二上·广东清远·期中） Cars could soon be communicating with each other using 5G to make drivers aware of upcoming hazards (危险), scientists say. The extremely fast mobile internet would allow for rapid information transmission and could make drivers aware of black ice, pot holes or other dangers up ahead. Several car manufacturers (制造商) are already using 5G in their vehicles, including as a tool to help serve in the generation of self-driving vehicles. Experts at Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) believe the high-speed connection will also improve the reliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual cars being driven today. They predict the number of road traffic accidents, which according to the World Health Organization account for more than 1.3 million deaths and up to 50 million people injured worldwide every year, will drop really as a result. Dr Dimitrios Liarokapis, a member of the research group, said, “To have a better idea of what the future will look like, think of having such cars that not only use sensors to scan what’s around them, they can also talk to each other and exchange safety-related information about their surroundings over an area that covers several square miles. With the help of 5G, a vehicle-generated early warning system that reminds drivers is possible within the next few years. Cars that are close enough to the danger area will transmit warning messages to other cars around them using short-range communication technologies, but also to cars further away using 5G, fast and reliably.” A few manufacturers are already working on connected cars. Of them, Ford told its intention to fit 80 percent of its future vehicles with technology that warns drivers about upcoming road accidents, bad weather and traffic jams. 5．What is the benefit of 5G mentioned in the text? A．It can improve the safety of automated vehicles. B．It can help drivers communicate with each other. C．It can effectively wipe out road traffic accidents. D．It can help make more profits for the manufacturers. 6．What can we know about the vehicle-generated early warning system? A．It can get information several miles ahead. B．It is under research and development at present. C．It has been proved extremely helpful for driving. D．It will send messages to drivers a few days earlier. 7．What will be probably continued with the text? A．Some car manufacturers. B．The advantages when using 5G. C．Some safety rules when using 5G. D．The sales information of cars with 5G. 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．5G Leaves Drivers Free When They Are Driving B．5G Is to Bring Great Convenience to Our Daily Life C．5G Has Been Popular with Drivers Around the World D．5G Is on the Way to Making “Dialogue” Between Cars 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．A 8. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是科学家认为汽车很快将会使用5G相互通信，以使驾驶员意识到即将到来的危险。这将使驾驶员注意到前方的黑冰、坑洼或其他危险。许多汽车制造商已经在其车辆中使用5G，包括作为帮助生成自动驾驶汽车的工具。 5．细节理解题，根据第三段的第一句“Experts at Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) believe the high-speed connection will also improve the reliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual cars being driven today. (格拉斯哥卡利多尼亚大学(GCU)的专家认为，高速连接还将提高自动驾驶汽车的可靠性和性能，使其比目前驾驶的手动汽车更安全。)”可知，高速互联网还将提高自动化车辆的可靠性和性能，使其比目前使用的手动驾驶汽车更安全。故选A。 6．推理判断题，根据第四段的“To have a better idea of what the future will look like, think of having such cars that not only use sensors to scan what’s around them, they can also talk to each other and exchange safety-related information about their surroundings over an area that covers several square miles.(为了更好地了解未来会是什么样子，想想这样的汽车，不仅使用传感器扫描周围的东西，它们还可以相互交谈，并在几平方英里的范围内交换周围环境的安全相关信息。)”可知，车辆生成的预警系统还处于研发阶段。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A few manufacturers are already working on connected cars. Of them, Ford told its intention to fit 80 percent of its future vehicles with technology that warns drivers about upcoming road accidents, bad weather and traffic jams.( 一些制造商已经在研发联网汽车。其中，福特表示，它打算在80%的未来汽车上安装警告司机即将发生的道路事故、恶劣天气和交通拥堵的技术。)”可知，此处提到了有几个汽车制造商开始使用这种技术，福特公司就是其中一个，下文很可能介绍使用5G的其他制造商。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cars could soon be communicating with each other using 5G to make drivers aware of upcoming hazards (危险), scientists say. The extremely fast mobile internet would allow for rapid information transmission and could make drivers aware of black ice, pot holes or other dangers up ahead.( 科学家表示，汽车可能很快就会通过5G相互通信，让司机意识到即将到来的危险。极快的移动互联网将允许快速信息传输，并可以让司机意识到前方的黑冰、坑洞或其他危险。)”以及通读全文可知，作者讲述了5G网络将安装在汽车上，汽车可以通过5G网络互相“对话”，让司机提前意识到危险。D选项“5G Is on the Way to Making “Dialogue” Between Cars(5G正在实现车与车之间的“对话)”概括文章标题。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·江西赣州·期中） 3D printing is taking home construction(建筑)to new heights. A giant printer is building what designers say is the first 3D-printed two-story house in the US. “While construction 3D printing has been around for over ten years, the technology has only started to break ground in the US homebuilding market over the last couple of years,” said Lok, the architectural designer for the project. Several 3D-printed homes have already been built or are currently in the works across a handful of states. Lok, who co-founded X, a design company, said, “My team aims to eventually scale up(扩大)the designs to be able to efficiently 3D print multifamily homes.” With the Houston home, the team is pushing the industrial printer to its limits to understand how it can stream-line(使效率更高)the technology, in the search of quickly building cost-effective and well-designed homes. “In the future, it has to be fast, simple design in order to compete with other building technologies,” said Zerle, the head of structural engineering. “We are not trying to beat the clock.” “It’s a case study. We’re learning the abilities of the machine, learning the reaction of the material under different weather conditions. We’re learning how to optimize(优化)the speed of printing. When this project is completed, we should have a very good idea of how to proceed in the future,” he added. On the design side, Lok sees opportunity to one day offer customized features at a mass scale, without excessive labor costs. “The printer doesn’t care if you print the same chair 100 times or you print 100 different chairs,” she said. “This opens up the possibility of how we can actually offer customized design for the users, whether it’s a single-family house or whether it’s a multifamily building or apartment.” 9．What can we learn about 3D printing? A．It is applied to two fields in the US. B．It is widely used in homebuilding market. C．It has been applied to building in a few states. D．It has been used in construction for less than ten years. 10．What is the purpose of Lok and her team? A．To satisfy any customer’s need. B．To increase the size of their designs. C．To use the technology in other fields. D．To understand what the technology can do 11．Why does the author quote Zerbe’s words? A．To show his advantages. B．To state the purpose of the study. C．To describe the process of the study. D．To tell others how the technology works. 12．Which can be the best title for the text? A．3D-Printed Homes Hopefully Come True B．3D-Printed Houses Are Perfect For Living C．3D Printing Levels Up Home Construction D．3D Printing 1s Speeding Up High-rise Buildings 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．B 12. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是3D打印将家庭建筑带到了一个新高度。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Several 3D-printed homes have already been built or are currently in the works across a handful of states.(在少数几个州，一些3D打印房屋已经建成或正在建造中。)”可知，在美国的几个州，一些3D打印房屋已经建成或正在建造中。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段Lok说的话“Lok, who co-founded X, a design company, said, “My team aims to eventually scale up(扩大)the designs to be able to efficiently 3D print multifamily homes.”(Lok是X设计公司的联合创始人，他说:“我的团队的目标是最终扩大设计，以便能够高效地3D打印多户住宅。”。)”可知，她的团队的目的是最终扩大他们的设计规模，能够有效地3D打印多户住宅。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段Zerbe说的话““It’s a case study. We’re learning the abilities of the machine, learning the reaction of the material under different weather conditions. We’re learning how to optimize(优化)the speed of printing. When this project is completed, we should have a very good idea of how to proceed in the future,” he added.(“这是一个案例研究。我们正在学习机器的能力，学习材料在不同天气条件下的反应。我们正在学习如何优化打印速度。当这个项目完成时，我们应该对未来如何进行有一个很好的想法，”他补充说。)”可知，Zerle说这是一个案例研究，在了解3D打印机器的能力，不同条件下的材料反应以及优化打印速度等，由此可推出，他的话阐述了这个研究的目的。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。根据首段“3D printing is taking home construction(建筑)to new heights. A giant printer is building what designers say is the first 3D-printed two-story house in the US.(3D打印将家庭建筑带到了新的高度。一个巨大的打印机正在建造设计师所说的美国第一个3d打印的两层楼的房子。)”并结合下文中对3D打印技术在建筑方面的利用和影响可知，3D打印将家庭建筑带到了一个新高度，所以“3D打印提升了家庭建筑水平”作为题目概括了全文的内容，体现了全文的主题。故选C项。 主题02 人与自我——健康生活与情绪管理 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·青海海南·期中） It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight. A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, “Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.” The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms (生物学机制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes (糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers. The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight. For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol (白藜芦醇), a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells. 1．The passage is mainly for those ________. A．who produce wine B．who go on a diet C．who are eager to lose weight D．who have a drinking habit 2．The underlined phrase “in moderation” in the first paragraph means ________. A．properly B．carefully C．frequently D．excitedly 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Moderate drinking increases weight. B．Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat. C．Moderate drinking has a strong protective effect. D．The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear. 4．What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A．How to do some easy experiments. B．How to reduce the calories contained in wine. C．How to make wine in a healthy way. D．How to prove the finding mentioned in the last paragraph. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4.D 【导语】本文是说明文。研究人员发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒并不会导致人们发胖，并且适量饮酒会防止人们得糖尿病。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day could form part of a diet.(人们一直认为酒精会导致体重增加，因为它含有大量的糖，但新的研究表明，每天一杯酒可以成为饮食的一部分)”可知，研究发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒并不会导致人们发胖。全文都在叙述与之有关的研究，所以本文应该是写给那些喜欢喝酒的人的。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight... (回顾过去的研究，他们发现，虽然酗酒者的确会增加体重)”以及while表示对比关系，所以猜测画线部分应和heavy drinkers对应，指适量饮酒的人，说明但是那些适当饮酒的人实际上会减肥。故划线词意思是“适当地”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes (糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity.(他的研究小组指出，适度饮酒对患糖尿病等疾病的风险有很强的保护作用，而糖尿病与肥胖的增加有关)”可知，适量饮酒对于糖尿病有很强的防护作用，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句话“What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a compound present in grapes and red wine, destroy fat cells.(此外，三年前的一项研究表明，白藜芦醇，一种存在于葡萄和红酒中的化合物，可以破坏脂肪细胞)”可推知，如何证明上述发现最有可能在下面的段落中讨论。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期中）When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You, this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss. Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences. “It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache, but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman, a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted, “there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).” The small study invited 63 young adults to bring one of their favorite songs. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on the participants’ skin — to their left inner forearms. When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs. With millions of songs available, one person’s favorite song is likely not the same as another. After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes (主题). “It’s a very cool result,” said lead study author Darius Valevicius, a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. “I think it’s why I myself and probably many people choose to listen to bittersweet or even spiritual music.” 5．Why does the author mention Adele in the first paragraph? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To lead in the topic. C．To offer a suggestion. D．To provide the background. 6．What is Stroman’s attitude to the effect of listening to music? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Unconcerned. 7．How did the people who listened to bittersweet and moving sons feel? A．They felt less pain. B．They felt stressful. C．They felt upset. D．They felt unhappy. 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．When Is the Best Time to Listen to Music? B．How Do You Create Popular Songs Quickly? C．The Best Way to Reduce Pain Might Be to Write Music. D．Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain. 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．A 8. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——某些类型的音乐能够帮助你减轻痛苦。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You, this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss.(当阿黛尔在2011年发行单曲《Someone Like You》时，这首苦乐参半的歌曲受到了全球数百万人的欢迎。十多年后，这首歌仍然是她最受欢迎的歌曲之一。她的艺术，以及其他许多掌握了用缓慢而情绪化的节奏让听众感到感动的艺术的人，有一种管理心碎和失去的情感痛苦的方法)”可推断，作者在第一段提到Adele是为了引出话题，说明她的音乐能够引起听众的情感共鸣，并引出音乐对减轻疼痛的研究。故选B项。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段““It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache, but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman, a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted, “there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).(当你头痛时，音乐不能代替药物，但音乐可以帮助减轻你的疼痛，”安大略省金斯敦皇后大学的教授帕特里克·斯特罗斯曼说。他没有参加这项研究。“与其他药物不同，”他指出，“听音乐没有副作用或风险(只需将音量保持在合理的水平)。”)”可知，Stroman对于听音乐减轻痛苦的效果持积极的态度。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据第五段“the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes (主题).(研究人员发现，听苦乐参半且动人的歌曲的人比听平静或欢快主题歌曲的人感觉疼痛更少)”可知，听苦乐参半且动人的歌曲的人比听平静或欢快主题歌曲的人感觉疼痛更少，即他们感觉疼痛减轻了。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences.(根据发表在《疼痛研究前沿》杂志上的一项新研究，听喜欢的歌曲也可以减少人们的疼痛感。研究发现，最有效的止痛药是描述苦乐参半和情感经历的悲伤歌曲)”可知，某些类型的音乐能够帮助你减轻痛苦。故短文的标题为“某些类型的音乐可以帮助你减轻疼痛”。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·安徽亳州·期中） If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common. If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath(呼吸)and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don’t say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outside r can help both parties to get mutual(相互的)understanding. Anger is just one of the many emotions(情绪)that make us human, and to well manage it adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 9．What is the final purpose of communication with other people? A．To show different ideas. B．To look for something in common. C．To accept useful suggestions. D．To decide whether one is right or not. 10．What does the writer advise us to do when we can’t cool down? A．Say angry words. B．Try taking a deep breath. C．Control our voices. D．Stop talking with others. 11．What does the underlined word “party” in paragraph 4 mean? A．An activity. B．A visitor. C．A person. D．A meeting. 12．What is the text mainly about? A．How to manage anger. B．How to show feelings. C．How to deal with regrets. D．How to understand the world. 【答案】9．B 10．B 11．C 12. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了如何有效管理愤怒情绪的方法，包括自我认知、深呼吸、避免冲动言语以及寻求第三方帮助等，强调了良好管理愤怒情绪对于提升我们理解世界能力的重要性。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话“ In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common.(在我们与他人的交流中，最终目的不是决定谁对谁错，而是寻找共同之处。)”可知，我们与他人交流的最终目的不是为了决定谁对谁错，而是为了找到共同点。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath and let anger out of your body along with the breath.(如果你仍然感到强烈的愤怒，试着深呼吸，让愤怒随着呼吸一起离开你的身体。)”可知，作者建议我们生气时尝试深呼吸，让怒气随着呼吸排出体外。故选B。 11．词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outside r can help both parties to get mutual(相互的)understanding.(愤怒的双方很难相互理解，但局外人的想法可以帮助双方相互理解。)”可知，愤怒的双方很难相互理解，但局外人的想法可以帮助双方相互理解，故推断划线词表示“局外人”即“一个人”，划线词与C选项“A person.(一个人)”为同义词。故选C。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了如何管理愤怒情绪，包括接受不同的观点、深呼吸放松、避免冲动言行以及寻求第三方帮助等方法。因此，文章主旨是关于如何管理愤怒，选项A“How to manage anger.( 如何管理愤怒。)”符合文章主旨。故选A。 主题03 人与自然——自然科学与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·陕西榆林·期中） On a windy day, 40 middle-school students stand by the Harlem River in New York City. Their teacher, Mr. White, pulls a metal cage out of the river. Inside are clusters of oysters (牡蛎). The last time they were here, the oysters were babies. The students’ job is to measure how much the oysters have grown and test the river water for pollutants. They will report their findings to researchers at the Billion Oyster Project (BOP). Why work so hard? To make the city’s waterways healthy again. Oysters are important for the underwater community they share with plants, fish, and other life. So they are also called a keystone species. If a keystone species disappears, other plants and animals may die out. That’s exactly what happened 100 years ago in New York Harbor. Before then, lots of oysters lived here. The oysters were delicious — maybe too delicious. By the early 1900s, people were eating them faster than they could grow. The oysters were in trouble for another reason. Pollution was pouring into the waters of the growing city, and few types of animals could live in it. Since the 1970s, new laws have helped reduce toxic(有毒的) waste. Some fish started to swim through again. But oysters were still missing — until recently. The BOP began in 2014 to help bring oysters back to New York Harbor. So far, students and volunteers have placed about 25,000,000 oysters into the harbor. “The oysters definitely look much bigger now,” says a student named Kelly. Taking turns, the kids measure all the oysters, then compare notes. The biggest oyster is over 2 inches long, much bigger than a healthy size for its age. As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer. Also, other animals should move in. Finally, the students put the oysters back in the cage. Mr. White lowers it into the river. When the oysters are big enough, they will be moved to the middle of the harbor. For today, everyone agrees: the future is looking bright for New York Harbor. 1．Why are oysters called a keystone species? A．They grow quickly. B．They are delicious. C．They support underwater life. D．They are able to resist pollution. 2．What was the problem with oysters over a century ago? A．A period of disappearance. B．Over- consumption by people. C．Lack of clean and safe habitat. D．Competition with other species. 3．What’s the goal of the Billion Oyster Project? A．To grow more oysters. B．To collect useful data. C．To protect water plants. D．To restore waterways. 4．What may be the future outlook for New York Harbor? A．Promising. B．Uncertain. C．Disappointing. D．Unchanged. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4.A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主题为人与自然，介绍了纽约市的港湾里重新出现的牡蛎对重建健康的海底生态系统的帮助。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Oysters are important for the underwater community they share with plants, fish, and other life. So they are also called a keystone species. (牡蛎对它们与植物、鱼类和其他生物共享的水下群落至关重要。因此，它们也被称为关键物种)”可知，牡蛎被称为关键物种是因为它们支持水下的生态。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The oysters were delicious— maybe too delicious. By the early 1900s, people were eating them faster than they could grow.( 牡蛎很好吃——也许太好吃了。到20世纪初，人们吃它们的速度超过了它们的生长速度)可知，牡蛎深受食客的喜爱而被过度捕捞。故选 B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The BOP began in 2014 to help bring oysters back to New York Harbor.(该BOP项目始于2014年，目的是帮助将牡蛎带回纽约港)”以及第六段“As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer.(随着越来越多的牡蛎生长，水应该会变得更清澈)”可知，Billion Oyster Project的目标是修复水道。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For today, everyone agrees: the future is looking bright for New York Harbor.(今天，每个人都同意：纽约港的未来是光明的)”可知，纽约港未来是光明的。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·贵州·期中） Plants may tell us when they’re in trouble. Thirsty tomato and tobacco plants make clicking sounds, researchers have found. The sounds are ultrasonic (超声波的), meaning they are too high-pitched for human ears to hear. But when the sounds are transformed to lower pitches, they sound like popping bubbles (爆破的泡泡). Plants also make clicks when their stems (茎) are cut. “It’s not like the plants are screaming,” says Lilach Hadany, an evolutionary biologist working at Tel Aviv University in Israel. “Plants may not mean to make these noises. We’ve shown only that plants create informative sounds.” Hadany and her colleagues first heard the clicks when they set microphones next to plants on tables in a lab. The microphones caught some noises. But the researchers needed to make sure that the clicking was coming from the plants. So, the scientists placed plants inside soundproof boxes in the basement, far from the noise of the lab. There, microphones picked up ultrasonic pops from thirsty tomato plants. Though it was outside humans’ hearing range, the clicking made by plants was about as loud as a normal conversation. Cut tomato plants and dry or cut tobacco plants clicked, too. But plants that had enough water or hadn’t been cut stayed mostly quiet. Wheat, corn and grapevines also made sounds when stressed out. The researchers don’t yet know why plants click. Bubbles forming and then popping inside plant tissues that transport water might make the noises. But however they happen, pops from crops could help farmers, the researchers suggest. Microphones, for example, could monitor fields or greenhouses to detect when plants need to be irrigated (灌溉). Hadany wonders whether other plants and insects already tune into plant pops. Other studies have suggested that plants respond to sounds. And animals from pests (害虫), moths to mice can hear in the range of the ultrasonic clicks. Sounds made by plants could be heard from around five meters away. Hadany’s team is now studying what the living things near the plants will do after hearing the sounds. 5．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Interpreting plant sounds isn’t easy. B．Plants sound off when they’re in trouble. C．It’s interesting to hear the sounds of plants. D．Plants make sounds in a different way from humans. 6．Why did the scientists put plants inside soundproof boxes in the basement? A．To enjoy the sounds made by the plants. B．To have a better conversation with the plants. C．To find out whether the plants did make sounds. D．To keep the plant sounds within their hearing range. 7．In what way can microphones be used to benefit plants? A．Weed prevention. B．Pest control. C．Temperature monitoring. D．Timely irrigation. 8．What still remains unknown to Hadany’s team? A．Whether the sounds of plants can travel far. B．Whether animals can hear the sounds of plants. C．How the neighbors of plants respond to their sounds. D．How plants and animals communicate with each other. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员发现植物遇到麻烦时会发出声音，麦克风可以捕捉这些声音，检测植物何时需要灌溉使植物受益。 5．主旨大意题。文章第一段讲到“Plants may tell us when they’re in trouble. Thirsty tomato and tobacco plants make clicking sounds, researchers have found. (植物可能会告诉我们它们什么时候有麻烦。研究人员发现，口渴的番茄和烟草会发出咔嗒声)”可知，第一段的主旨是植物遇到麻烦时会发出声音。故选B。 6．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“But the researchers needed to make sure that the clicking was coming from the plants. So, the scientists placed plants inside soundproof boxes in the basement, far from the noise of the lab. (但研究人员需要确保这种滴答声来自植物。因此，科学家们把植物放在地下室的隔音箱里，远离实验室的噪音。)”可知，科学家们把植物放在地下室的隔音箱里是为了弄清这些植物是否会发出声音。故选C。 7．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Microphones, for example, could monitor fields or greenhouses to detect when plants need to be irrigated (灌溉). (例如，麦克风可以监控田地或温室，以检测植物何时需要灌溉)”可知，麦克风可以通过检测植物何时需要灌溉使植物受益，故选D。 8．推理判断题。文章最后一句讲到“Hadany’s team is now studying what the living things near the plants will do after hearing the sounds. (哈达尼的团队正在研究植物附近的生物在听到声音后会做什么。)”可知，哈达尼的团队还不知道的是植物的邻居对它们的声音有什么反应，故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期中） Giant pandas are among the most lovable animals alive today. Unlike their relatives, such as the polar bear, pandas don’t eat meat but survive on a diet of only bamboo. So why and how have pandas abandoned their taste for meat to pick up a vegetarian diet? Pandas today don’t eat meat. However, they’ve kept much of their meat-eating adaptations from times past. Their digestive systems have not changed much from their meat-eating days. Out of the huge 12.5 kg of bamboo they eat in a single day, only about 17% of it is digested. To survive, pandas eat large amounts of bamboo while having a low-metabolic (新陈代谢的), lazy lifestyle to make up for the poor energy return. The giant panda’s shift to a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivation of a specific gene — Taslrl, which provides them with the ability to taste certain amino acids (氨基酸) abundant in meat. Its inactivation in pandas would lead to their dietary change. Pandas have evolved to a great degree to cope with their relatively recent bamboo-eating lifestyle. Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots. To assist with this, they have developed a long “fake-thumb” (伪拇指). So giant pandas have six fingers in each paw which provides better support for them to seize objects such as bamboo in one paw quickly. Researchers have found that the surface of the panda’s tongue is different. While other bears and many meat-eating animals have smooth tongues, pandas have evolved tiny projections (隆起物) on the surface of their tongues that serve to file down (锉平) food. This is especially useful for pandas as they remove the outer cover of bamboo. Time will tell if pandas will adapt and survive, go back to eating meat, or disappear in the wild. Whatever the future holds, we can be grateful that, for the time being, we get to share our planet with these adorable animals. 9．Why are the numbers mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To illustrate the variety of food. B．To represent the evolutionary rule of pandas. C．To describe the changes of living environment. D．To show the ineffectiveness of digestive system. 10．What caused pandas’ change in diet? A．The low-metabolic ability. B．The amino acids in meat. C．The Taslrl gene’s inactivation. D．The supplies of bamboo. 11．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Seizing bamboo shoots. B．The low energy return. C．Developing more fingers. D．The vegetarian diet. 12．What is the text mainly about? A．Pandas’ adaptation to the new environment. B．Pandas’ evolutionary reason and feature in eating. C．Pandas’ unique lifestyle. D．Pandas’ special appearance. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 12. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了熊猫饮食方面进化原因及特征。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Out of the huge 12.5 kg of bamboo they eat in a single day, only about 17% of it is digested.(它们一天要吃掉12.5公斤的竹子，其中只有17%能被消化。)”可知，熊猫进食量很大，但是吸收量很小，通过数据说明熊猫的消化系统效率很低。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The giant panda’s shift to a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivation of a specific gene — Taslrl, which provides them with the ability to taste certain amino acids(氨基酸) abundant in meat.(大熊猫转向素食与特定基因Taslrl的失活相一致，该基因使它们能够品尝肉类中富含的某些氨基酸)”可知，熊猫的饮食转变是由Taslrl基因失活引起的。故选C。 11．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots.(大熊猫必须抓住又长又细的竹笋)”可知，熊猫需要抓住又长又细的竹笋，结合画线词下文中的“they have developed a long ‘fake-thumb’(伪拇指).(它们进化出了一个长长的‘伪拇指’)”可知，熊猫为了抓住竹笋，所以长出了伪拇指，由此可判断，代词“this”指代的是“抓住竹笋”。故选A。 12．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“So why and how have pandas abandoned their taste for meat to pick up a vegetarian diet?(那么，熊猫为什么会放弃吃肉，转而吃素呢？)”及第四段中“Pandas have evolved to a great degree to cope with their relatively recent bamboo-eating lifestyle.(熊猫已经进化到很大程度，以适应它们相对较新的吃竹子的生活方式)”可知，文章主要分析了熊猫饮食方面进化原因及特征。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$