专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编）高一英语上学期人教版

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与自然——环境保护与生态平衡。 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·甘肃白银·期中） Microplastics (塑料微粒) are found everywhere from the top of mountains to the ocean deep — even inside people. Microplastics are tiny. But they pose a big pollution problem. These tiny bits of trash are 5 millimeters or smaller. Some are made that small. For instance, the tiny beads in some toothpastes and face washes are microplastics. But many microplastics are debris (碎片) from larger plastic pieces that have broken down. Microplastics travel far on winds and ocean currents. They’ve ended up everywhere from mountaintops to Arctic ice. Microplastics are so widespread that many animals end up eating them. Plastic bits have turned up in birds, fish, whales, corals and many other creatures. Microplastics are found inside people, too. Americans are thought to consume some 70,000 microplastic pieces each year. People might take in plastic particles floating through the air. Or they may eat fish or other animals that contain microplastics — or drink water polluted with this trash. Microplastics can then pass from the lungs or get into the bloodstream. This pollution may prevent their growth or cause other harms. Researchers do not yet know the health risks of being exposed to (接触) so much microplastic. But they are worried. Why? Plastics are made of many different chemicals. Some of these are known to bring health risks to people. Engineers are coming up with solutions to the microplastic problem. Some are working on new ways to break down plastics in the environment. Others are devising more environmentally friendly materials to use instead of plastic. But to decrease microplastic pollution to the most extent, we should use less plastic. 1．What does the underlined word “pose” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Prevent. B．Allow. C．Cause. D．Destroy. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．Whether microplastics do harm to creatures. B．How microplastics can travel to the ocean. C．Why creatures are harmed by microplastics. D．Where microplastics are most easily found. 3．Why are researchers worried about being exposed to microplastics? A．They can travel deep into ocean. B．They are too small for us to see. C．Their impacts on health are still unknown. D．They bring health risks to people. 4．What is the most effective way to fight microplastic pollution? A．Using less plastic. B．Using less chemicals. C．Breaking down plastic. D．Looking for new materials. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·贵州贵阳·期中）Zimbabwe is experiencing its worst drought in years, with little rain and bad weather patterns affecting wildlife and attractions across the country and worsening livelihoods. Victoria Falls, which draws about one million tourists per year, has been reduced to a trickle (细流) in parts. While the falls typically slow down during the dry season between September and December, officials say this year has brought an unexpected decline in water levels. The situation is creating more causes for concern that climate change could kill one of the region’s largest tourist attractions. However, despite the present state of the falls, Ilala Lodge — an accommodation provider located minutes away from Victoria Falls — says that even during low water flow periods, Victoria Falls is still “an impressive natural phenomenon”. Officials say this year’s drought season is much drier and hotter than usual. As a result, the country’s national parks, which depend heavily on tourism, and wildlife across the country are suffering. “We’ve seen some pretty bad ones,” David Macfarland of Mwinilunga Safaris says. “When you see animals walking along — elephants, for example — and they just collapse (倒下) on their legs, they don’t even roll over. They just collapse and die — it’s very emotionally moving.” More than 200 elephants have died over the last two months due to a lack of water at the country’s main conservation (保护) zones in Mana Pools and Hwange National Park. Parks and wildlife authority spokesperson Tinashe Farawo says that the operation to move the animals from Savé Valley Conservancy to three other reserves in the north of the country will begin during the rainy season. Furthermore, the country’s population faces a food crisis, with 5.5 million people facing food insecurity. In urban areas, about 2.2 million people are food-insecure and lack access to minimal public services, including health and safe water. 5．What happens in Zimbabwe this year? A．Local tourism is booming. B．More people are being lifted out of poverty. C．Dry weather is causing a series of bad effects. D．Poor rains are leading to the extinction of wildlife. 6．What does Ilala Lodge think of Victoria Falls? A．It is still attractive to tourists. B．It will become a tourist attraction. C．It needs to be protected by people. D．It will disappear due to climate change. 7．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The officials’ attitudes to tourism. B．The reasons for the lack of water. C．The impact of drought on animals. D．The ways to save endangered elephants. 8．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? A． B． C． D． Passage 3 （24-25高一上·安徽·期中） The northern bald ibis (北秃鹳) once flew over North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and much of Europe, including southern Germany’s Bavaria. The yummy meat resulted in their disappearance from Europe. A few groups of the birds survived in other places. In 2002, a conservation and research group based in Austria stepped in to help. The number in Central Europe has increased from zero to almost 300 since then. Feitz, one member of the group, said his team found that when released the birds flew in the wrong direction and died in the winter. So they have led the birds for 17 years to places like Tuscany, Italy. Due to climate change, they have had to change the route to a winter home. Now they help the birds fly to Andalusia in southern Spain. To prepare for travel, the foster parent (养父母) humans begin working with the baby birds, when they are just a few days old. The humans want the birds to connect with them so they will trust them along the flying route. Barbara Steininger is one foster mother. She said she acts like “their bird mom.” “We feed them, clean them, clean their nests and see they are healthy,” she said. “But also we interact (互动) with them.” Steininger and the other foster parents then sit on the back of a very small aircraft, waving and cheering for the birds as they fly. Fritz knew his work would be possible because he saw the work of Canadian naturalist Bill Lishman.  Lishman taught Canadian geese to fly alongside his small plane beginning in 1988. He later guided endangered whooping cranes through safe routes. Fritz’s team efforts have worked. The first bird independently migrated back to Bavaria from Tuscany in 2011. The team hopes the Central European population will be more than 350 birds by 2028 and will not need human help to migrate. This year, the route to Spain is longer than last year’s path. The full journey to Spain could take up to 50 days. Fritz hopes the group’s work offers a possibility for helping other threatened migratory species to fly. 9．What caused the ibis to die out in Europe? A．The changes of the climate. B．The destruction of the environment. C．The hunting of humans. D．The loss of their direction sense. 10．Which work is the most important for the foster parent humans? A．Guiding the birds when travelling. B．Making sure the birds are healthy. C．Feeding and cleaning the baby birds. D．Choosing a winter home for the birds. 11．Why is Bill Lishman mentioned in the passage? A．Because he has saved many kinds of endangered birds. B．Because he has managed to lead birds to fly. C．Because he offers supports to Fritz’s group. D．Because he is charge of the birds’ travelling project. 12．What is Fritz’s expectation? A．The way of showing the birds how to fly will be widely used. B．Humans and birds will live together in harmony. C．More possibilities should be found to protect endangered birds. D．There will be more and more birds living in Europe. 主题02 人与自我——心理健康与情感调节 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）We all remember that first cry at the movies. Whether they are tears of joy or sadness, it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen. In fact, it all comes from a plan. But what about those heart- breaking stories... for kids? They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world. Actually, many great kids’ movies filled with tragedy (悲剧) are purposefully meant to stir up kids’ strong feelings. According to Aristotle,  tragedy aids us in facing life’s unsolvable issues through sensible (理智的) thinking. Therefore, the existence of tragedy in kids’ movies is to teach kids to handle, to understand and to heal. The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss, especially if it’s sudden. The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba, who experiences the loss of his father. Kids see themselves in Simba’s character. He has dreams. He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world. But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss. Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry? The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. Hakuna Matata! Yes, the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you. It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age. Sadness should not be ignored (忽视). It’s important to feel sad, and that is why these films are so great. In Dumbo, Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia, we lose our beloved characters. This quite upsets kids, but it teaches them to accept sadness and makes something new out of it. So, what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie? It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata. 1．Why does the author mention “first cry” in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To recommend a movie. C．To support an argument. D．To explain the reason. 2．What does the underlined phrase “Hakuna Matata” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Viewing sadness as a treatment. B．Seeking knowledge to enrich life. C．Challenging oneself with tragic losses. D．Heading forward without being caught. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Children can find a way to hide sad feelings. B．Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy. C．Sad kids’ movies prepare children for tough times. D．Sad kids’ movies help children to escape from reality. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Are Great Kids’ Movies So Sad? B．What Is the Power of Great Kids’ Movies? C．Life’s Hardest Lesson: How Kids’ Movies Inspire Us? D．Moving Beyond Reality: What Sad Kids’ Movies Teach Us? Passage 2 （24-25高一上·甘肃白银·期中） Scientific studies have shown that kindness has many physical and emotional benefits. A great number of reasons have been reported to support the theory of teaching kindness in schools. Science explains that the good feelings we experience when being kind are produced by endorphins (内啡肽) that make areas of the brain active that are associated with pleasure, social connection and trust. And it’s proven that these feelings of joyfulness can spread from one person to another, encouraging more kind behaviors by both givers and receivers. Studies show that people experience a rush of endorphins that creates a lasting sense of pride, well-being and an enriched sense of belonging when they do a good deed. Even small acts of kindness are reported to promote our sense of well-being, increase energy and give a wonderful feeling of optimism and self-worth. It’s widely recorded in documents that being kind can also cause a release of the hormone oxytocin which has a number of physical and mental health benefits as it can significantly increase a person’s level of happiness and reduce stress. It also plays a significant role in the cardiovascular (心血管的) system, helping protect the heart. As it increases serotonin, which plays an important part in learning, memory, mood, sleep, health and digestion, kindness is a key element that helps children feel good. Having a positive attitude allows them greater attention spans and enables more creative thinking to produce better results at school. Kindness changes the brain by the experience of kindness. Children and adolescents do not learn kindness by only thinking about it and talking about it. Kindness is best learned by feeling it so that they can reproduce it. Kindness is an emotion that students feel and empathy is a strength that they share. 5．What can endorphins bring to people? A．Freedom. B．Curiosity. C．Happiness. D．Confidence. 6．Which of the following is helpful in protecting people’s heart? A．Serotonin. B．Endorphin. C．A sense of pride. D．Hormone oxytocin. 7．What is the best way to learn kindness? A．Sharing it. B．Experiencing it. C．Talking about it. D．Thinking about it. 8．What is the best title for this text? A．Importance of teaching kindness B．Importance of good concentration C．How to improve health and happiness D．The givers and receivers of kindness Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海·期中） A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or not, just by spending time with you. Peers can have a good effect on one another. Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in solar system. Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book and now everyone’s reading it. However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way. For example, one kid in school might try to get another to cut class with him, your soccer friend might try to persuade you to be mean to another player and never pass her the ball, or a kid in the neighborhood might want you to steal things with him. Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing. The idea that “everyone’ s doing it’ may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind. Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of. Experiments have shown how peer pressure can influence someone to change her/ his mind from what she/ he knows for sure is a correct answer to the incorrect answer— just because everyone else gives the incorrect answer! That holds true for people of any age in peer pressure situations. It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do. Inner strength and self-confidence can help you stand firm, walk away and resist doing something when you know better. 9．The writer will NOT agree that ________. A．only children change their correct answers under peer pressure. B．Peers will believe in themselves if other peers agree with them. C．peers have effect on each other whether the effect is good or not. D．Peer pressure is very strong and difficult for people to get rid of. 10．The writer intends to ________ by writing the passage. A．encourage people to follow others’ opinions. B．warn people to stay away from their peers. C．tell people it is hard to be away from peer pressure. D．advise people to do the right despite peer pressure. 11．All of the following aspects are concerned in the passage EXCEPT ________. A．The definition of the peer and how it affects life. B．The reason why kids have stronger peer pressure. C．The way peers influence each other in daily life. D．The way peer pressure influences our judgment. 12．What is the passage mainly about? A．Peer pressure has a good effect. B．Peer pressure is hard to resist. C．Children give in to peer pressure. D．Peer pressure always does harm. 主题03 人与社会——社会文化与科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·福建南平·期中） An artificial intelligence (人工智能) system has shown it can save lives by warning doctors to check on patients whose heart test results show a high risk of dying. In a test with almost 16,000 patients, the AI helped reduce the total deaths by 31% among people who were at high risk. “This is actually quite amazing,” says Eric Topol at the Scripps Research TranslationalInstitute in California. “It is quite uncommon for any drug to result in a 31% reduction in the number of deaths, and then even more unusual for a non-drug — this is just monitoring people with AI.” Chin Lin at Texas Medical Center and his colleagues trained their AI on more than 450,000 electrocardiogram (ECG) (心电图) tests, which measure the heart’s electrical activity, along with the survival data of the ECG subjects. The AI learned to produce a percentile (百分位) score representing each patient’s risk of death, whose score in the 95th percentile or higher would be considered high risk. The researchers then tested the AI warning system with 39 doctors at two different hospitals. As nurses transmitted each new patient’s ECG tests to a computer server, the AI system would analyse the results and warn doctors if it identified someone as being high risk. In addition to reducing the risk of death from all causes, the AI system also reduced the death rate from heart issues in high-risk patients by more than 90%. Lin and his colleagues say the AI warnings may help focus attention on the highest risk group. During the research, doctors usually followed up warnings with more tests and treatment. The system is already being used across 14 hospitals in Texas. “This can be put into effect in every hospital around the world,” says Topol. “It should be the standard of care when you see such a significant benefit.” 1．What made the AI system stand out in the test? A．Its speed in analyzing ECG tests. B．Its function of testing heart diseases. C．Its application in hospitals nationwide. D．Its ability to reduce deaths without drugs. 2．What could the AI system do according to paragraph 3? A．Train doctors and nurses. B．Record patients’ survival data. C．Analyse each patient’s risk of cancer. D．Provide patients’ death-risk percentiles. 3．What did the doctors tend to do after receiving AI warnings? A．Identify high-risk patients. B．Transmit the data. C．Conduct further tests and treatment. D．Study the results of tests. 4．What is Topol’s attitude to the AI system? A．Confident. B．Uncertain. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·贵州·期中）Every year, thousands of teenagers take part in programs at their local art museums. But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life? A new report suggests that the answer is yes - and finds that graduates of arts-based museum programs credit them with changing the course of their lives, even years after the fact. The Whitney Museum of American Art the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles recently asked researchers to carry out a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are. They involved over 300 former members of four programs for teens that have been in existence since the 1990s. Graduates, whose current ages are from 18 to 36, were invited to be the subjects (对象) of the study to find out how they viewed their participation years after the fact. Among the graduates surveyed, 75 percent of graduates rated (排名) die teen program experience as the most favorable impact on their own lives, beating family, school and their neighborhoods. Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they’ d ever had, regardless of (不管) age and two-thirds said that they were often in situations where then experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts. It turns out that taking part in art programs also helps keep teens enthusiastic (热情的) about arts even after they reach adulthood: 96 percent of participants (参与者) had visited an art museum within the last two years, and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years. Thirty-two percent of program graduates work in the arts as adults. Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact (影响) of teen-specific art programs in museums, it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts. A decade of surveys the National Endowment for the Arts found that childhood experience with the arts have linked arts education to everything from lower drop-out rates to improvement in critical thinking skills. 5．What does the underlined phrase “the fact” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Changing the course of children’s life. B．Taking part in childhood art programs. C．Organizing arts-based museum programs. D．Remembering the time at museum events. 6．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．The content of the study. B．The result of the study. C．The process of the study. D．The way of the study. 7．What can be inferred of the study mentioned in the text? A．Passion for arts may remain long in kids’ whole life. B．No other studies exist about the benefits of arts. C．Age matters in how people view their art experiences. D．Most children taking part in art programs will work in arts. 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How is Art Connected to Our Life? B．Can Art Education Affect Our Income? C．What Should Art Museums do for Kids? D．Should Children Walk into Art Museums? Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏连云港·期中） Today’s young adults (aged 18 — 34) seem to avoid phone calls altogether, with a quarter admitting they’ve never even answered one. A recent survey shows a clear change in communication styles. Texting plays a leading role, with over 70% of young adults loving it. Voice notes are also very popular, being liked by nearly 40%. It seems linked to a general dislike of unexpected calls; more than half connect them with bad news. Interestingly, this aversion (讨厌) to phone calls isn’t shared by elders. Only 1% of those aged 35 — 54 use more texts than calls. The survey suggests a generational change in communication styles. Phone calls, once a useful tool for connection, are now seemingly dropping in favor of other methods like texting and voice notes. As reported, the young have played a main role in the online messages and text messages. An ordinary explanation for their unwillingness to answer phone calls is the pressure connected with them. More than half of them think there are negative news when receiving unexpected calls. The young generally like planned phone conversations as the primary means of communication. Whatever the case, it’s clear that today, we don’t even imagine communicating without the help of a phone. New technologies, such as social media, would ruin human relationships in the long term. As a matter of fact, this may already be happening. Indeed, we can’t ignore the value of the voice in human relations. Listening to the expression of another person brings us much closer to them. It’s also easier to emotionally connect with others in this way. Text messages are more often misunderstood. When communicating something serious, it’s always better to make a phone call. 9．What causes the change in communication styles? A．The young feel pleasant to answer phone calls. B．All of the young think voice notes are popular. C．Few young people connect them with bad news. D．The young are unwilling to receive unexpected calls. 10．What the function of the numbers listed in paragraph 2? A．To provide evidence. B．To make a comparison. C．To draw a conclusion. D．To explain the reasons. 11．What can we learn about making a phone call from the last paragraph? A．It is easier to respond to. B．It makes us feel far away. C．It brings a closer connection. D．It is more often misunderstood. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Answer a phone call in no time! B．Put away your phone while talking! C．Can making a phone call be replaced? D．How can we communicate in the future? 主题01 人与社会——语言文化与科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·山东威海·期中） You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French. The reason goes back to the year 1066, when Norman forces invaded (入侵) Britain. The Normans were from northern France and spoke French. During the Norman occupation, French became the language of England’s rulers and wealthy class. This lasted for more than 300 years. Other people in England continued to speak English during this period. Over time, the two languages combined and shared words. Some researchers believe that about 10,000 French words eventually entered the English language. However, although English took many French words, their meanings have not always stayed the same. Sometimes the differences in meanings can be very important, and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way. Take the French word college for example. In English, college can often be used in place of the word university, or sometimes as a school within a university. However, in French, college actually means “middle school”, or the level of schooling for students in grades five or six through eight. There are many other similar words in the two languages with completely different meanings. In English, the word chat means “to talk casually (随意)”; but in French, the word chat is the word for an animal: a cat. If an English speaker says someone is jolly, that means he is cheerful or friendly. But in French, jolie means someone is good-looking or pleasant to look at. In any case, both are nice things to say to someone. 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To show the influence of the Normans on England. B．To present the relationship between Britain and France. C．To introduce how English and French combined together. D．To explain why so many French words entered the English language. 2．What does the author stress about similar words in English and French? A．Their funny stories. B．Their changes in history. C．Their spelling forms. D．Their different meanings. 3．What does an Englishman mean if he says he’d like to have a chat? A．He likes a kind of pet. B．He wants to have a small talk. C．He prefers to talk in public. D．He’d like to have an interview. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Development of English. B．Difficulties in learning English. C．French words in English. D．Similarities between English and French. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·重庆·期中） Though many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered”. “Summer” is clearly a noun — a verbed noun. In our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a clear definition, it was easy to notice the difference. Not so in adulthood, when we are expected to “foot” the bill and “chair” meetings. Chances are that you didn’t feel uncomfortable about those verbed nouns. “The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts found that 20% of all English verbs were originally nouns. And it seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40% of new verbs have come from nouns. Even though the conversion (转化) is quite common, plenty of language experts disagree with it. William Strunk Jr. and E.B．White have this to say, “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but some are in doubt.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care. “Sometimes people dislike a new verb because they refuse to accept what is unfamiliar to them,” says Patricia. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” (使动词化) a noun if it’s easily replaced by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says. In the end, however, style is subjective (主观的). The easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries. It is one of the processes that make English “ English”. Not every new word passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it. 5．What can we learn about the verbing of nouns? A．It has come into use since a long time ago. B．It has been supported by many language experts. C．It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice. D．It is more commonly accepted by children than adults. 6．What is language experts’ attitude towards the verbing of nouns? A．Negative. B．Careful. C．Unclear. D．Positive. 7．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．It is impossible to end the verbing of nouns. B．New verbs will stay in the English language forever. C．Most people are against using new verbs from nouns. D．There is an obvious rule for changing verbs to nouns. 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Are all new verbs from nouns? B．Are there any rules for verbing? C．Are you comfortable about a new verb? D．Are “summering” and “medaling” annoying? Passage 3 （24-25高一上·山东济南·期中） GROW, Dutch artist Daan Roosegaarde’s latest project, involved installing (安装) thousands of blue, red and purple LED lights in a 2-hectare field of leek (韭菜) for both artistic and practical purposes. People driving by the town of Lelystad, in central Netherlands, at night, this time of year are treated to a fantastic sight-a 20,000 square meters field of leek glowing blue, red and purple. Thought up by Studio Roosegaarde, the unique artistic installation is designed both as an honor to Dutch farmers and as an inspiration for them to experiment with artificial light in outdoor farming. Daan Roosegaarde also wants GROW to send a hopeful light to people in these trying times, giving new meaning to the word "agriculture" as a living cultural artwork. Nighttime ultraviolet (紫外线的) light has been used in glasshouse agriculture for a while now, especially in places where direct sunlight is scarce, but its outdoor use has so far been very limited. Ultraviolet light is known to help plants grow better, but Studio Roosegaarde is also testing a theory according to which certain wavelengths of ultraviolet light could reduce the need for pesticides by up to 50%. “So we started to scan the plants with these wavelengths of light and then suddenly it started to dance, the light,” Daan Roosegaarde said. “You had these huge fields of fireflies, as if they were, and we were testing it and the magic started kicking in, so I think that’s when the worlds of science, art and design meet and enhance each other.” Solar-powered LEDs give ultraviolet light onto the leek plants, thus adding the effect of natural sunlight after sunset, and creating a wonderful sight at the same time. GROW is currently only visible near Lelystad, but Roosegaarde plans to take the visually-impressive installation on the road to over 40 countries. Each country will have its own local or national crop and its own unique light recipe. Over the years, Studio Roosegaarde has created a number of fascinating installations, like the glow-in-the-dark bicycle path powered directly by the sun. 9．What does GROW probably refer to? A．A project creating artworks. B．A project installing LED lights. C．A project producing pesticides. D．A project building glasshouses. 10．What does the underlined word "scarce" in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Sufficient. B．Strong. C．Steady. D．Lacking. 11．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．What artistic effects were caused by the project. B．Why the project GROW was conducted. C．How Roosegaarde’s design idea came up. D．How Roosegaarde’s theory was tested. 12．What does Roosegaarde think of the future of GROW? A．Promising. B．Pressing. C．Challenging. D．Demanding. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广东茂名·期中） Children are more creative when they learn in natural surroundings, according to new research from Curtin University. Primary school students in Australia and England were put to the test to see whether writing poetry in a natural outdoor setting produced more creative outcomes than writing in a classroom, and the answer was yes. Dr Paul Gardner and Sonja Kuzich from Curtin’s School of Education ran comparative trials with 10-year-old students in both countries and the results, recently published in the Cambridge Journal of Education, gave a big thumbs-up to the positive influence of natural settings. “We found that students who had direct contact with nature by engaging themselves in a bush or forest setting were much more descriptive and vivid in the language they used than the classroom-based writers who ‘imagined’ being in nature through photos,” Dr Gardner said. In total, 97 students took part in the study, split across four classrooms, including two based at an English primary school and two from a primary school in Western Australia. In each country one class visited a natural bush or forest before writing a poem based on what they saw, smelt and felt. The other class viewed a pile of images of the same bush or forest setting. Ms Kuzich said the difference in creative language used between the classes was obvious with twice as many UK forest students using figurative (比喻的) language compared with the students in class. In Australia that figure rose to more than four times when comparing the poetry of the bush-based students with those who remained at school. The researchers say further studies of larger groups are now recommended to gain greater understanding of the influence of natural spaces and “green learning” in schools. Future research may also be needed to examine if the green learning can be translated into other learning themes or context to see if there is a flow on effect in different environments. 1．Why were the students placed outdoors in nature? A．To get more outdoor exercise. B．To experience nature in depth. C．To understand poems about nature better. D．To prove nature’s effect on creativity. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The steps of training the children. B．The purpose of performing the test. C．New findings about students’ writing. D．The detailed steps of the experiment. 3．What can we infer about the result of the study? A．Students indoors are not good at poetry. B．Students in Australia prefer to study poetry. C．Students are more creative in a natural environment. D．Students in UK have different writing skill preferences. 4．What does the last paragraph imply? A．Green learning is becoming a trend. B．Further studies are to be carried out. C．Green learning has been applied in school. D．Future research is of little significance. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·浙江宁波·期中） If you want to become a fluent English speaker, you should take some advice: there are four skills in learning English. They are listening, speaking, reading and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening. Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentences, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammar or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you encounter, but the fact you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it. As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening. For listening, you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening, you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes. If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically, and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect. 5．According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills? A．Reading and listening. B．Reading and writing. C．Writing and speaking. D．Speaking and listening. 6．To improve your reading, when you read, you should ________. A．look up all the new words in the dictionary B．think about what you are reading actively C．spend more time studying grammar D．copy as many words and sentences as possible 7．What does the underlined word “encounter” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Meet by accident. B．Wind up. C．Lose on purpose. D．Look for. 8．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Everyone should listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. B．You needn’t practice listening if you keep in reading every day. C．Being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening. D．You should take notes of whatever you are hearing. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·湖北荆州·期中） Since 10 a.m. this morning, I’ve been staring at my computer screen in an attempt to squeeze an interesting article out of myself. Up until an hour ago, I only had 50 words and a dry title to show for eight hours of ‘work’. But as the sun set, I had about one hundred ideas pop into my head – like guests showing up too late to a party. Bursts of inspiration like this at night are frequent within the creative community. Writers, artists, and inventors throughout history have all said they’ve been most inspired during night-time. In the light of psychology, we write at night with less distractions (干扰). Kids put to bed and the world outside quiet, there’s very little that can pull us away from our writing. Also, most of the day’s tasks are complete by the evening. This means we have a whole day’s worth of inspiration and experience to reflect on, most of which comes out in our writing. Another factor is that the dark hours tend to be more relaxing: lighting is softer, we’re spending less time on social media, and the overall setting is quieter. This makes it ten times easier to focus on our writing. Chemically, our brains change too. When we sleep, certain parts of the brain shut down in preparation for it as the sun sets. In particular, much of the frontal lobe (前额叶) becomes inactive, so less energy is spent on decision-making and more is directed into other parts of the brain, specifically to the right hemisphere. Despite some debate surrounding the subject, scientists generally believe the creative control-centre of the brain is in the right hemisphere, which concerns itself with everything from emotions and intuition to the way we dream. When we reach night time, this side of our brain becomes more active because less energy is being used to power the rest of our brain. This is partly what allows creative surges to happen. However, that doesn’t mean you can’t enter a creative state during the day. If you can mirror night-time conditions, you stand the best chance of beating your writer’s block and letting words flow through you. 9．Why does the author mention his experience? A．To lead to his point. B．To prove his efforts. C．To display his routine life. D．To show off his writing talent. 10．What does Para 3 mainly talk about? A．The distractions at night. B．The way to relax at night. C．The mental advantages at night. D．The tasks to be done at night. 11．In our brains, creative thoughts increase sharply when ________. A．the frontal lobe functions well B．energy goes to decision-making C．emotions and dreams are absent D．the right hemisphere becomes active 12．Which of the following can be the best title? A．What Shall We Write at Night? B．When Do We Need to Write Most? C．Why Are We Most Creative at Night? D．How Can We Become A Creative Writer? 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·山东菏泽·期中） In 2015, the world’s countries signed the “Paris Agreement” to work together to try to limit global warming to 1. 5℃. In recent years, world leaders have held follow-up meetings like COP26 and COP27. The meetings are meant to check in on how the world is doing in its fight against the climate crisis (气候危机) , and to reach agreements on next steps. This year’s meeting, COP28, is being held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) . One of the big questions about COP28 is whether countries will agree to stop producing oil and gas (called a “phase-out”) , or will simply agree to produce less (a “phase-down”) . Most experts agree that to control global warming as much as possible, the world needs to end the use of coal and oil. Over 100 countries say that COP28 should lead to a deal to phase out fossil fuels (化石燃料) . “The science is clear,” said UN leader Antonio Guterres, “The 1. 5 degree goal is only possible if we finally stop burning fossil fuels. ” But the UAE is a major oil producer. And the president of this year’s meeting, Sultan Al Jaber, leads the UAE’s largest oil company. Many people say that, because of his connections, Mr. Jaber isn’t the right choice to lead the meeting. Even before the meeting began, there were reports that the UAE was using COP28 to try to make deals to sell more oil. Even though there are disagreements, some progress is being made. One important step is a deal to set aside a large amount of money to help the countries being hit hardest by climate change. Most of the money would come from richer countries, which have created a lot of the pollution that led to the climate crisis. Progress on controlling the dangerous greenhouse gas methane (甲烷) is probablyCOP28’s biggest success so far. The US has made a plan to cut methane pollution by 80% over the next 15 years. 1．What is the key to achieving the 1. 5 degree goal according to the text? A．Developing fossil fuels. B．Phasing out fossil fuels. C．Paris Agreement. D．COP26. 2．Why is Mr. Jaber unfit to lead COP28 in many people’s opinion? A．He is against the new deal. B．He has no good leadership. C．He may speak for oil producers. D．He is not world-famous. 3．What progress has been made in COP28? A．Controlling methane pollution. B．Helping the poor countries. C．Stopping producing oil and coal. D．Ending the use of fossil fuels. 4．What will be discussed in the following paragraph? A．The trouble of cutting methane pollution. B．The advantage of controlling global warming. C．The discussion about whether to stop methane. D．The actions taken by other countries to cut methane. Passage 2 （23-24高一上·四川成都·期中） According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. It is reported that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000 vehicle-animal accidents each year. In the country’s under-populated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have rocketed to “pandemic (大规模流行的) percentage”. It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy. Meat, skins and leather from kangaroos have been sold to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma and Adidas buy strong, soft “k-leather” to make athletic products. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores. Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food from animals adapted to Australia’s environment is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.” Opponents of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable and unnecessary. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” Can Australians’ disagreement on kangaroos be solved? George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access. “If you want to protect something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered dangerous don’t have value.” If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. 5．What do we know from the article? A．Kangaroos are to blame for most accidents. B．Global brands make small profits on kangaroos. C．Kangaroos are relatively friendly to the environment. D．Over-populated kangaroos are doing great harm to the country’s economy. 6．Why does Dwayne Bannon disagree to kill kangaroos? A．Because it is laughable. B．Because it is destroying the country. C．Because they have existed on Earth longer than man. D．Because they live in harmony with people. 7．Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization (私有化)? A．The popularity of kangaroo hunting. B．The reduction in the number of kangaroos. C．The establishment of more conservation areas. D．The better management of the kangaroo industry. 8．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To argue against the killing of kangaroos. B．To provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos. C．To present different opinions on the kangaroo industry. D．To stress the importance of protecting kangaroos. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·海南省直辖县级单位·期中） Plastic (塑料) is everywhere. According to the United Nations, a lot of rubbish is thrown into waterways. There’s plastic litter at the bottom of the sea and on top of mountains. Now plastic has been found in another unlikely place: on the backs of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). According to a study, hermit crabs are using plastic litter as shells (壳). Zuzanna Jagiello is a scientist at the University of Warsaw, in Poland. She’s the study’s lead author. “Hermit crabs don’t have homes, so they use rubbish.” Hermit crabs are small, soft-bodied crabs that live near the sea. To protect themselves, the crabs usually wear seashells that have been left behind by dead sea snails (海螺). However, according to the study, at least 386 hermit crabs have been found wearing litter. Of the world’s 16 kinds of hermit crabs that live on land, 10 have been seen wearing litter. Nearly nine out of every 10 of those crabs were wearing plastic waste, such as bottle caps. The others wore glass. Jagiello says that she and her team first learned about hermit crabs wearing litter when they noticed photos of them posted online. They decided to learn more by doing research. Scientists aren’t sure why hermit crabs are choosing litter instead of snail shells. But they have several ideas. Some sea snail populations are going down. Hermit crabs could be turning to litter because they can’t find enough seashells. It’s also possible that crabs choose plastic because it’s light and easy to carry. Or they’re drawn to its colors. Scientists agree that plastic pollution badly influences wild animals in many ways. But it isn’t clear that the crabs are in any danger. “It’s a great example of the beauty of adaptation, how some animals are living with humans,” Jagiello says. “What are the long-term influences of these adaptations? We don’t know.” 9．What do we know about hermit crabs? A．They prefer to live in deep water. B．They are badly harmed by plastic. C．Many of them have been seen wearing plastic waste. D．Most of them like glass because of its brightness. 10．What led scientists to do research on hermit crabs? A．Studies carried out by Polish scientists. B．A report from the United Nations. C．Requirements of nature lovers. D．Online photos of hermit crabs. 11．How is paragraph 4 developed? A．By listing possible reasons. B．By comparing. C．By explaining research results. D．By following time order. 12．What does Jagiello think about the hermit crabs’ behavior? A．She believes it shows they can deal with the changing environment. B．She believes it can help them live peacefully with humans. C．She worries it is having a bad influence on other animals. D．She worries it will make them lose their living space. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与自然——环境保护与生态平衡。 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·甘肃白银·期中） Microplastics (塑料微粒) are found everywhere from the top of mountains to the ocean deep — even inside people. Microplastics are tiny. But they pose a big pollution problem. These tiny bits of trash are 5 millimeters or smaller. Some are made that small. For instance, the tiny beads in some toothpastes and face washes are microplastics. But many microplastics are debris (碎片) from larger plastic pieces that have broken down. Microplastics travel far on winds and ocean currents. They’ve ended up everywhere from mountaintops to Arctic ice. Microplastics are so widespread that many animals end up eating them. Plastic bits have turned up in birds, fish, whales, corals and many other creatures. Microplastics are found inside people, too. Americans are thought to consume some 70,000 microplastic pieces each year. People might take in plastic particles floating through the air. Or they may eat fish or other animals that contain microplastics — or drink water polluted with this trash. Microplastics can then pass from the lungs or get into the bloodstream. This pollution may prevent their growth or cause other harms. Researchers do not yet know the health risks of being exposed to (接触) so much microplastic. But they are worried. Why? Plastics are made of many different chemicals. Some of these are known to bring health risks to people. Engineers are coming up with solutions to the microplastic problem. Some are working on new ways to break down plastics in the environment. Others are devising more environmentally friendly materials to use instead of plastic. But to decrease microplastic pollution to the most extent, we should use less plastic. 1．What does the underlined word “pose” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Prevent. B．Allow. C．Cause. D．Destroy. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．Whether microplastics do harm to creatures. B．How microplastics can travel to the ocean. C．Why creatures are harmed by microplastics. D．Where microplastics are most easily found. 3．Why are researchers worried about being exposed to microplastics? A．They can travel deep into ocean. B．They are too small for us to see. C．Their impacts on health are still unknown. D．They bring health risks to people. 4．What is the most effective way to fight microplastic pollution? A．Using less plastic. B．Using less chemicals. C．Breaking down plastic. D．Looking for new materials. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4.A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了塑料微粒的来源、传播途径及其对动植物和人类健康的危害。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Microplastics (塑料微粒) are found everywhere from the top of mountains to the ocean deep—even inside people. (微塑料随处可见，从山顶到海洋深处——甚至在人体内)”及“a big pollution problem (大的污染问题)”可知，微塑料造成了巨大的污染。由此猜测“pose”在此处表达“造成”的意思，与C选项含义相近，即微塑料带来了很大的污染问题。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Microplastics travel far on winds and ocean currents. They’ve ended up everywhere from mountaintops to Arctic ice. (微塑料随着风和洋流飘得很远。从山顶到北极冰面，它们无处不在)”及“This pollution may prevent their growth or cause other harms. (这种污染可能会阻止它们的生长或造成其他危害)”可知，主要描述了微塑料在环境中的传播，导致其被不同生物误食，即为什么生物会受到微塑料的伤害。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“But they are worried. Why? Plastics are made of many different chemicals. Some of these are known to bring health risks to people. (但是他们很担心。为什么？塑料是由许多不同的化学物质制成的。其中一些已知会给人们带来健康风险)”可知，研究人员感到担忧是因为微塑料给人们带来健康风险。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But to decrease microplastic pollution to the most extent, we should use less plastic. (但是为了最大程度地减少微塑料污染，我们应该少用塑料)”可知，最有效的减少微塑料污染的方法是减少塑料的使用。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·贵州贵阳·期中）Zimbabwe is experiencing its worst drought in years, with little rain and bad weather patterns affecting wildlife and attractions across the country and worsening livelihoods. Victoria Falls, which draws about one million tourists per year, has been reduced to a trickle (细流) in parts. While the falls typically slow down during the dry season between September and December, officials say this year has brought an unexpected decline in water levels. The situation is creating more causes for concern that climate change could kill one of the region’s largest tourist attractions. However, despite the present state of the falls, Ilala Lodge — an accommodation provider located minutes away from Victoria Falls — says that even during low water flow periods, Victoria Falls is still “an impressive natural phenomenon”. Officials say this year’s drought season is much drier and hotter than usual. As a result, the country’s national parks, which depend heavily on tourism, and wildlife across the country are suffering. “We’ve seen some pretty bad ones,” David Macfarland of Mwinilunga Safaris says. “When you see animals walking along — elephants, for example — and they just collapse (倒下) on their legs, they don’t even roll over. They just collapse and die — it’s very emotionally moving.” More than 200 elephants have died over the last two months due to a lack of water at the country’s main conservation (保护) zones in Mana Pools and Hwange National Park. Parks and wildlife authority spokesperson Tinashe Farawo says that the operation to move the animals from Savé Valley Conservancy to three other reserves in the north of the country will begin during the rainy season. Furthermore, the country’s population faces a food crisis, with 5.5 million people facing food insecurity. In urban areas, about 2.2 million people are food-insecure and lack access to minimal public services, including health and safe water. 5．What happens in Zimbabwe this year? A．Local tourism is booming. B．More people are being lifted out of poverty. C．Dry weather is causing a series of bad effects. D．Poor rains are leading to the extinction of wildlife. 6．What does Ilala Lodge think of Victoria Falls? A．It is still attractive to tourists. B．It will become a tourist attraction. C．It needs to be protected by people. D．It will disappear due to climate change. 7．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The officials’ attitudes to tourism. B．The reasons for the lack of water. C．The impact of drought on animals. D．The ways to save endangered elephants. 8．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? A． B． C． D． 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8.C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是津巴布韦正面临的旱灾对旅游景点、野生动物和人们生计的影响。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“Zimbabwe is experiencing its worst drought in years, with little rain and bad weather patterns affecting wildlife and attractions across the country and worsening livelihoods.(津巴布韦正在经历多年来最严重的干旱，降雨少，恶劣的天气模式影响了全国各地的野生动物和景点，并使生计恶化。)”可知津巴布韦干燥的天气造成了一系列的不良影响。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“However, despite the present state of the falls, Ill a Lodge — an accommodation provider located minutes away from Victoria Falls — says that even during low water flow periods, Victoria Falls is still “an impressive natural phenomenon”.(然而，距离维多利亚瀑布几分钟路程的住宿供应商Ill a Lodge表示，尽管瀑布目前的状况即使在低流量时期，维多利亚瀑布仍然是“一个令人印象深刻的自然现象”。)”可知在Ilala Lodge看来即使在枯水期维多利亚瀑布依旧是一个令人印象深刻的景观，即依旧对游客有着吸引力。故选A项。 7．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Officials say this year’s drought season is much drier and hotter than usual. As a result, the country’s national parks, which depend heavily on tourism, and wildlife across the country are suffering.(官员们表示，今年的干旱季节比往年更干燥、更热。因此，严重依赖旅游业的国家公园和全国各地的野生动物都受到了影响。)”以及后文大象的例子可知第三段主要讲的是极端的干旱对于动物的影响。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。文章第一段“Zimbabwe is experiencing its worst drought in years, with little rain and bad weather patterns affecting wildlife and attractions across the country and worsening livelihoods.(津巴布韦正在经历多年来最严重的干旱，降雨少，恶劣的天气模式影响了全国各地的野生动物和景点，并使生计恶化。)”提出话题——津巴布韦的极度干旱给动物、旅游业以及民生造成了一系列不良影响，为主旨段，文章第二、三及四段主要从旅游业、动物及民生三个方面来说明极度干旱的不良影响，三个段落为并列结构，所以文章为总分结构。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·安徽·期中） The northern bald ibis (北秃鹳) once flew over North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and much of Europe, including southern Germany’s Bavaria. The yummy meat resulted in their disappearance from Europe. A few groups of the birds survived in other places. In 2002, a conservation and research group based in Austria stepped in to help. The number in Central Europe has increased from zero to almost 300 since then. Feitz, one member of the group, said his team found that when released the birds flew in the wrong direction and died in the winter. So they have led the birds for 17 years to places like Tuscany, Italy. Due to climate change, they have had to change the route to a winter home. Now they help the birds fly to Andalusia in southern Spain. To prepare for travel, the foster parent (养父母) humans begin working with the baby birds, when they are just a few days old. The humans want the birds to connect with them so they will trust them along the flying route. Barbara Steininger is one foster mother. She said she acts like “their bird mom.” “We feed them, clean them, clean their nests and see they are healthy,” she said. “But also we interact (互动) with them.” Steininger and the other foster parents then sit on the back of a very small aircraft, waving and cheering for the birds as they fly. Fritz knew his work would be possible because he saw the work of Canadian naturalist Bill Lishman.  Lishman taught Canadian geese to fly alongside his small plane beginning in 1988. He later guided endangered whooping cranes through safe routes. Fritz’s team efforts have worked. The first bird independently migrated back to Bavaria from Tuscany in 2011. The team hopes the Central European population will be more than 350 birds by 2028 and will not need human help to migrate. This year, the route to Spain is longer than last year’s path. The full journey to Spain could take up to 50 days. Fritz hopes the group’s work offers a possibility for helping other threatened migratory species to fly. 9．What caused the ibis to die out in Europe? A．The changes of the climate. B．The destruction of the environment. C．The hunting of humans. D．The loss of their direction sense. 10．Which work is the most important for the foster parent humans? A．Guiding the birds when travelling. B．Making sure the birds are healthy. C．Feeding and cleaning the baby birds. D．Choosing a winter home for the birds. 11．Why is Bill Lishman mentioned in the passage? A．Because he has saved many kinds of endangered birds. B．Because he has managed to lead birds to fly. C．Because he offers supports to Fritz’s group. D．Because he is charge of the birds’ travelling project. 12．What is Fritz’s expectation? A．The way of showing the birds how to fly will be widely used. B．Humans and birds will live together in harmony. C．More possibilities should be found to protect endangered birds. D．There will be more and more birds living in Europe. 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．B 12. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了北秃鹳因为人类狩猎导致在欧洲灭绝，2002年，总部设在奥地利的一个保护和研究小组伸出了援手，开始致力于保护这种鸟，并且帮助它们迁徙。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“The yummy meat resulted in their disappearance from Europe.(美味的肉导致它们从欧洲消失)”可知，北秃鹳在欧洲灭绝的原因是人类狩猎。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“To prepare for travel, the foster parent (养父母) humans begin working with the baby birds, when they are just a few days old. The humans want the birds to connect with them so they will trust them along the flying route.(为了准备旅行，当雏鸟只有几天大的时候，养父母就开始照顾它们。人类希望这些鸟与他们联系，这样他们就会在飞行路线上信任它们)”可知，旅行时引导鸟类对养父母人类最重要。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Fritz knew his work would be possible because he saw the work of Canadian naturalist Bill Lishman.  Lishman taught Canadian geese to fly alongside his small plane beginning in 1988. He later guided endangered whooping cranes through safe routes.(弗里茨知道他的工作是可能的，因为他看到了加拿大博物学家比尔·利什曼的工作。利什曼从1988年开始教加拿大鹅在他的小飞机旁边飞行。后来，他引导濒临灭绝的鸣鹤通过安全路线)”可推知，文章中提到了Bill Lishman是因为他成功地引导了鸟类飞翔。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Fritz hopes the group’s work offers a possibility for helping other threatened migratory species to fly.(弗里茨希望该小组的工作为帮助其他受威胁的迁徙物种飞行提供了可能)”可知，弗里茨的期望是，这种向鸟类展示如何飞行的方法将得到广泛应用。故选A。 主题02 人与自我——心理健康与情感调节 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）We all remember that first cry at the movies. Whether they are tears of joy or sadness, it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen. In fact, it all comes from a plan. But what about those heart- breaking stories... for kids? They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world. Actually, many great kids’ movies filled with tragedy (悲剧) are purposefully meant to stir up kids’ strong feelings. According to Aristotle,  tragedy aids us in facing life’s unsolvable issues through sensible (理智的) thinking. Therefore, the existence of tragedy in kids’ movies is to teach kids to handle, to understand and to heal. The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss, especially if it’s sudden. The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba, who experiences the loss of his father. Kids see themselves in Simba’s character. He has dreams. He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world. But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss. Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry? The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. Hakuna Matata! Yes, the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you. It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age. Sadness should not be ignored (忽视). It’s important to feel sad, and that is why these films are so great. In Dumbo, Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia, we lose our beloved characters. This quite upsets kids, but it teaches them to accept sadness and makes something new out of it. So, what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie? It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata. 1．Why does the author mention “first cry” in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To recommend a movie. C．To support an argument. D．To explain the reason. 2．What does the underlined phrase “Hakuna Matata” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Viewing sadness as a treatment. B．Seeking knowledge to enrich life. C．Challenging oneself with tragic losses. D．Heading forward without being caught. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Children can find a way to hide sad feelings. B．Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy. C．Sad kids’ movies prepare children for tough times. D．Sad kids’ movies help children to escape from reality. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Are Great Kids’ Movies So Sad? B．What Is the Power of Great Kids’ Movies? C．Life’s Hardest Lesson: How Kids’ Movies Inspire Us? D．Moving Beyond Reality: What Sad Kids’ Movies Teach Us? 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4.A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了悲伤的儿童电影如何通过悲剧情节帮助孩子们理解和处理失去等复杂情感，教会他们面对现实中的困难，并从中获得成长和独立。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“We all remember that first cry at the movies. Whether they are tears of joy or sadness, it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen. In fact, it all comes from a plan. But what about those heart- breaking stories... for kids? (我们都记得看电影时的第一次哭泣。无论是喜悦的泪水还是悲伤的泪水，令人惊讶的是，人类的情感可以被屏幕上移动的图像所控制。事实上，这一切都源于一个计划。但是那些让孩子们心碎的故事呢)”可知，开头先提到看电影时的第一次哭泣，描述电影引起我们的情感反应，继而引出让孩子们心碎的电影故事，后文围绕悲伤的儿童电影及其背后的原因展开。由此可知，作者提到这个是为了引出文章的话题。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. (它教给我们的是克服困难，继续前进)”和下文“Yes, the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you. (是的，《狮子王》里的那句话是要告诉孩子们，从悲剧中走出来是可以的，不要让它定义你)”可推知，画线部分Hakuna Matata !意为“向前走而不被困住”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata. (它的目的是教会观众，尤其是孩子，获得独立，如何从悲剧中解脱出来。它就像一个缓冲垫，把故事和现实分开。当孩子们真正来到这里时，它可以帮助他们处理悲伤的情绪，或者至少通过说“Hakuna Matata”来找到解脱)”可推知，这些电影让孩子们为艰难的时刻做好准备。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“But what about those heart-breaking stories… for kids? They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world. (但是那些让孩子们心碎的故事呢？他们似乎没有粉饰世界的现实)”可知，文章开篇提出了对于儿童电影中那些令人心碎的故事的疑问，然后围绕着儿童电影中存在悲剧元素展开论述，详细解释了许多儿童电影充满悲剧的原因。因此，文章是在探讨出色的儿童电影为何会有悲伤元素，A项“为什么出色的儿童电影如此悲伤”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·甘肃白银·期中） Scientific studies have shown that kindness has many physical and emotional benefits. A great number of reasons have been reported to support the theory of teaching kindness in schools. Science explains that the good feelings we experience when being kind are produced by endorphins (内啡肽) that make areas of the brain active that are associated with pleasure, social connection and trust. And it’s proven that these feelings of joyfulness can spread from one person to another, encouraging more kind behaviors by both givers and receivers. Studies show that people experience a rush of endorphins that creates a lasting sense of pride, well-being and an enriched sense of belonging when they do a good deed. Even small acts of kindness are reported to promote our sense of well-being, increase energy and give a wonderful feeling of optimism and self-worth. It’s widely recorded in documents that being kind can also cause a release of the hormone oxytocin which has a number of physical and mental health benefits as it can significantly increase a person’s level of happiness and reduce stress. It also plays a significant role in the cardiovascular (心血管的) system, helping protect the heart. As it increases serotonin, which plays an important part in learning, memory, mood, sleep, health and digestion, kindness is a key element that helps children feel good. Having a positive attitude allows them greater attention spans and enables more creative thinking to produce better results at school. Kindness changes the brain by the experience of kindness. Children and adolescents do not learn kindness by only thinking about it and talking about it. Kindness is best learned by feeling it so that they can reproduce it. Kindness is an emotion that students feel and empathy is a strength that they share. 5．What can endorphins bring to people? A．Freedom. B．Curiosity. C．Happiness. D．Confidence. 6．Which of the following is helpful in protecting people’s heart? A．Serotonin. B．Endorphin. C．A sense of pride. D．Hormone oxytocin. 7．What is the best way to learn kindness? A．Sharing it. B．Experiencing it. C．Talking about it. D．Thinking about it. 8．What is the best title for this text? A．Importance of teaching kindness B．Importance of good concentration C．How to improve health and happiness D．The givers and receivers of kindness 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．B 8.A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学研究表明善良对身体和情感有许多好处，并阐述了在学校教授善良的重要性。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Science explains that the good feelings we experience when being kind are produced by endorphins (内啡肽) that make areas of the brain active that are associated with pleasure, social connection and trust.(科学解释说，我们在善良时体验到的良好感觉是由内啡肽产生的，内啡肽使大脑中与快乐、社交联系和信任相关的区域活跃起来)”可知，内啡肽能给人带来快乐。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“It’s widely recorded in documents that being kind can also cause a release of the hormone oxytocin which has a number of physical and mental health benefits as it can significantly increase a person’s level of happiness and reduce stress. It also plays a significant role in the cardiovascular (心血管的) system, helping protect the heart.(文献中广泛记载，善良还能释放催产素激素，这对身心健康有许多好处，因为它能显著提高一个人的幸福感，减轻压力。它还在心血管系统中发挥着重要作用，有助于保护心脏)”可知，催产素激素有助于保护人们的心脏。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Kindness is best learned by feeling it so that they can reproduce it.(善良最好是通过感受它来学会，这样他们就能复制它)”可知，学习善良的最好方法是去体验它。故选B项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Scientific studies have shown that kindness has many physical and emotional benefits. A great number of reasons have been reported to support the theory of teaching kindness in schools.(科学研究表明，善良对身体和情感有许多好处。据报道，有许多理由支持在学校教授善良的理论)”可知，文章指出科学研究表明善良有诸多益处，阐述了善良在身体和情感方面的好处，以及对孩子学习和成长的积极影响，最后强调了在学校教授善良的重要性。整体围绕着教授善良的重要性展开。由此可知，C项“Importance of teaching kindness (教授善良的重要性)”能概括文章主要内容，最适合作文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海·期中） A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or not, just by spending time with you. Peers can have a good effect on one another. Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in solar system. Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book and now everyone’s reading it. However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way. For example, one kid in school might try to get another to cut class with him, your soccer friend might try to persuade you to be mean to another player and never pass her the ball, or a kid in the neighborhood might want you to steal things with him. Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing. The idea that “everyone’ s doing it’ may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind. Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of. Experiments have shown how peer pressure can influence someone to change her/ his mind from what she/ he knows for sure is a correct answer to the incorrect answer— just because everyone else gives the incorrect answer! That holds true for people of any age in peer pressure situations. It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do. Inner strength and self-confidence can help you stand firm, walk away and resist doing something when you know better. 9．The writer will NOT agree that ________. A．only children change their correct answers under peer pressure. B．Peers will believe in themselves if other peers agree with them. C．peers have effect on each other whether the effect is good or not. D．Peer pressure is very strong and difficult for people to get rid of. 10．The writer intends to ________ by writing the passage. A．encourage people to follow others’ opinions. B．warn people to stay away from their peers. C．tell people it is hard to be away from peer pressure. D．advise people to do the right despite peer pressure. 11．All of the following aspects are concerned in the passage EXCEPT ________. A．The definition of the peer and how it affects life. B．The reason why kids have stronger peer pressure. C．The way peers influence each other in daily life. D．The way peer pressure influences our judgment. 12．What is the passage mainly about? A．Peer pressure has a good effect. B．Peer pressure is hard to resist. C．Children give in to peer pressure. D．Peer pressure always does harm. 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．B 12. B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了同龄人对个体生活的影响，包括积极和消极两方面，并分析了同龄人压力产生的原因、影响以及应对方法。 9．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of. Experiments have shown how peer pressure can influence someone to change her/ his mind from what she/ he knows for sure is a correct answer to the incorrect answer— just because everyone else gives the incorrect answer! That holds true for people of any age in peer pressure situations.(同伴压力可能极其强烈且难以摆脱。实验已经表明，同伴压力如何影响一个人，使他/她从自己确信的正确答案改为错误的答案——仅仅因为其他人都给出了错误的答案！这在任何年龄段的人面对同伴压力时都同样适用)”可知，作者不同意只有孩子在同辈压力下才会改变正确答案，因为在任何年龄段的人面对同伴压力时都同样适用。故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do. Inner strength and self-confidence can help you stand firm, walk away and resist doing something when you know better.(摆脱同伴压力可能很难，但并非不可能。关注自己对于对错的感受和信念，可以帮助你知道正确的做法。内心的力量和自信可以帮助你坚定立场，走开并拒绝做你知道不对的事情)”以及纵观全文可知，作者想通过写这篇文章来建议人们在同辈压力下做正确的事。故选D项。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段“A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or not, just by spending time with you.(同龄人是指与你年龄相仿的人。无论你是否意识到，同龄人都会通过与你的相处而影响你的生活)”可知，A项“同伴的定义及其对生活的影响”被提及，根据第二段“Peers can have a good effect on one another.”以及第三段“However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way.(然而，有时候同龄人之间也会以另一种方式相互影响)”可知，C项“同龄人在日常生活中相互影响的方式”被提及，根据倒数第三段“Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing. The idea that “everyone’ s doing it’ may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind.(一些孩子会屈服于同伴压力，因为他们想要被喜欢，想要融入群体，或者担心如果不随波逐流，其他孩子会嘲笑他们。另一些人可能会因为好奇而尝试别人正在做的新事物。那种“大家都在做”的想法可能会让一些孩子放弃自己的判断力或常识)”可知，D项“同伴压力影响我们判断的方式”被提及，B项“孩子们有更大的同伴压力的原因”文中没有提及。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or not, just by spending time with you.(同龄人是指与你年龄相仿的人。无论你是否意识到，同龄人都会通过与你的相处而影响你的生活)”以及最后一段“It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done.(摆脱同伴压力可能很难，但并非不可能)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了同龄人对个体生活的影响，包括积极和消极两方面，所以同辈压力是难以抗拒的。故选B项。 主题03 人与社会——社会文化与科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·福建南平·期中） An artificial intelligence (人工智能) system has shown it can save lives by warning doctors to check on patients whose heart test results show a high risk of dying. In a test with almost 16,000 patients, the AI helped reduce the total deaths by 31% among people who were at high risk. “This is actually quite amazing,” says Eric Topol at the Scripps Research TranslationalInstitute in California. “It is quite uncommon for any drug to result in a 31% reduction in the number of deaths, and then even more unusual for a non-drug — this is just monitoring people with AI.” Chin Lin at Texas Medical Center and his colleagues trained their AI on more than 450,000 electrocardiogram (ECG) (心电图) tests, which measure the heart’s electrical activity, along with the survival data of the ECG subjects. The AI learned to produce a percentile (百分位) score representing each patient’s risk of death, whose score in the 95th percentile or higher would be considered high risk. The researchers then tested the AI warning system with 39 doctors at two different hospitals. As nurses transmitted each new patient’s ECG tests to a computer server, the AI system would analyse the results and warn doctors if it identified someone as being high risk. In addition to reducing the risk of death from all causes, the AI system also reduced the death rate from heart issues in high-risk patients by more than 90%. Lin and his colleagues say the AI warnings may help focus attention on the highest risk group. During the research, doctors usually followed up warnings with more tests and treatment. The system is already being used across 14 hospitals in Texas. “This can be put into effect in every hospital around the world,” says Topol. “It should be the standard of care when you see such a significant benefit.” 1．What made the AI system stand out in the test? A．Its speed in analyzing ECG tests. B．Its function of testing heart diseases. C．Its application in hospitals nationwide. D．Its ability to reduce deaths without drugs. 2．What could the AI system do according to paragraph 3? A．Train doctors and nurses. B．Record patients’ survival data. C．Analyse each patient’s risk of cancer. D．Provide patients’ death-risk percentiles. 3．What did the doctors tend to do after receiving AI warnings? A．Identify high-risk patients. B．Transmit the data. C．Conduct further tests and treatment. D．Study the results of tests. 4．What is Topol’s attitude to the AI system? A．Confident. B．Uncertain. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4.A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人工智能系统在医疗领域的应用，特别是如何通过分析心电图测试结果来预测患者的心脏死亡风险，并向医生发出预警，从而帮助挽救生命。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“An artificial intelligence (人工智能) system has shown it can save lives by warning doctors to check on patients whose heart test results show a high risk of dying. In a test with almost 16,000 patients, the AI helped reduce the total deaths by 31% among people who were at high risk.(一种人工智能系统表明，它可以通过警告医生检查心脏检查结果显示死亡风险高的患者来挽救生命。在对近1.6万名患者进行的一项测试中，人工智能帮助高风险人群的总死亡人数减少了31%。)”可知，让AI系统在测试中脱颖而出的是它能够在没有药物的情况下减少死亡。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The AI learned to produce a percentile (百分位) score representing each patient’s risk of death, whose score in the 95th percentile or higher would be considered high risk.(人工智能学会了生成一个百分位数分数，代表每个病人的死亡风险，分数在第95个百分位数或更高的人被认为是高风险。)”可知，AI系统能提供患者死亡风险百分位数。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“During the research, doctors usually followed up warnings with more tests and treatment.(在研究期间，医生通常会在警告之后进行更多的检查和治疗。)”可知，医生在收到人工智能警告后往往会进行进一步的检查和治疗。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This can be put into effect in every hospital around the world(这可以在世界各地的每一家医院实施)”和“It should be the standard of care when you see such a significant benefit.(当你看到如此显著的益处时，这应该成为治疗的标准。)”可知，Topol对AI系统的态度是有信心的，故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·贵州·期中）Every year, thousands of teenagers take part in programs at their local art museums. But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life? A new report suggests that the answer is yes - and finds that graduates of arts-based museum programs credit them with changing the course of their lives, even years after the fact. The Whitney Museum of American Art the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles recently asked researchers to carry out a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are. They involved over 300 former members of four programs for teens that have been in existence since the 1990s. Graduates, whose current ages are from 18 to 36, were invited to be the subjects (对象) of the study to find out how they viewed their participation years after the fact. Among the graduates surveyed, 75 percent of graduates rated (排名) die teen program experience as the most favorable impact on their own lives, beating family, school and their neighborhoods. Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they’ d ever had, regardless of (不管) age and two-thirds said that they were often in situations where then experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts. It turns out that taking part in art programs also helps keep teens enthusiastic (热情的) about arts even after they reach adulthood: 96 percent of participants (参与者) had visited an art museum within the last two years, and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years. Thirty-two percent of program graduates work in the arts as adults. Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact (影响) of teen-specific art programs in museums, it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts. A decade of surveys the National Endowment for the Arts found that childhood experience with the arts have linked arts education to everything from lower drop-out rates to improvement in critical thinking skills. 5．What does the underlined phrase “the fact” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Changing the course of children’s life. B．Taking part in childhood art programs. C．Organizing arts-based museum programs. D．Remembering the time at museum events. 6．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．The content of the study. B．The result of the study. C．The process of the study. D．The way of the study. 7．What can be inferred of the study mentioned in the text? A．Passion for arts may remain long in kids’ whole life. B．No other studies exist about the benefits of arts. C．Age matters in how people view their art experiences. D．Most children taking part in art programs will work in arts. 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How is Art Connected to Our Life? B．Can Art Education Affect Our Income? C．What Should Art Museums do for Kids? D．Should Children Walk into Art Museums? 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．A 8. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆艺术项目对青少年的长远积极影响，研究表明这种影响可延续至成年时期，甚至一生。 5．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Every year, thousands of teenagers take part in programs at their local art museums. But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life? A new report suggests that the answer is yes - and finds that graduates of arts-based museum programs credit them with changing the course of their lives, even years after the fact. (每年，成千上万的青少年参加当地艺术博物馆的项目。但是，他们中是否有人在日后还记得在博物馆活动中的时光呢？一份新的报告表明，答案是肯定的——并且发现，基于艺术的博物馆项目的毕业生认为这些项目改变了他们的生活轨迹，甚至在这个事实多年之后仍然如此。)”可知，参加艺术博物馆项目的毕业生认为这些项目改变了他们的生活轨迹，甚至在参加童年时期的艺术项目多年之后仍然受到影响，故划线词the fact指的是“参加童年时期的艺术项目”。故选B项。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The Whitney Museum of American Art the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles recently asked researchers to carry out a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are. (美国惠特尼美术馆、沃克艺术中心以及洛杉矶当代艺术博物馆最近要求研究者进行研究，以了解他们长期存在的青少年艺术项目到底有多有效。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了研究者进行研究的内容。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“It turns out that taking part in art programs also helps keep teens enthusiastic about arts even after they reach adulthood: 96 percent of participants had visited an art museum within the last two years, and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years. Thirty-two percent of program graduates work in the arts as adults. (事实证明，参加艺术项目也有助于让青少年即使在成年后仍然对艺术保持热情：96%的参与者在过去两年内参观过艺术博物馆，68%的参与者在过去两年内参观过艺术博物馆五次或更多次。32%的项目毕业生成年后从事艺术工作。)”可知，参加艺术项目可以让青少年对艺术的热情可能会持续一生。故选A项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了博物馆艺术项目对青少年的长远积极影响，研究表明这种影响可延续至成年时期，甚至一生，故D项“孩子们应该走进艺术博物馆吗？”适合作为文章的标题。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏连云港·期中） Today’s young adults (aged 18 — 34) seem to avoid phone calls altogether, with a quarter admitting they’ve never even answered one. A recent survey shows a clear change in communication styles. Texting plays a leading role, with over 70% of young adults loving it. Voice notes are also very popular, being liked by nearly 40%. It seems linked to a general dislike of unexpected calls; more than half connect them with bad news. Interestingly, this aversion (讨厌) to phone calls isn’t shared by elders. Only 1% of those aged 35 — 54 use more texts than calls. The survey suggests a generational change in communication styles. Phone calls, once a useful tool for connection, are now seemingly dropping in favor of other methods like texting and voice notes. As reported, the young have played a main role in the online messages and text messages. An ordinary explanation for their unwillingness to answer phone calls is the pressure connected with them. More than half of them think there are negative news when receiving unexpected calls. The young generally like planned phone conversations as the primary means of communication. Whatever the case, it’s clear that today, we don’t even imagine communicating without the help of a phone. New technologies, such as social media, would ruin human relationships in the long term. As a matter of fact, this may already be happening. Indeed, we can’t ignore the value of the voice in human relations. Listening to the expression of another person brings us much closer to them. It’s also easier to emotionally connect with others in this way. Text messages are more often misunderstood. When communicating something serious, it’s always better to make a phone call. 9．What causes the change in communication styles? A．The young feel pleasant to answer phone calls. B．All of the young think voice notes are popular. C．Few young people connect them with bad news. D．The young are unwilling to receive unexpected calls. 10．What the function of the numbers listed in paragraph 2? A．To provide evidence. B．To make a comparison. C．To draw a conclusion. D．To explain the reasons. 11．What can we learn about making a phone call from the last paragraph? A．It is easier to respond to. B．It makes us feel far away. C．It brings a closer connection. D．It is more often misunderstood. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Answer a phone call in no time! B．Put away your phone while talking! C．Can making a phone call be replaced? D．How can we communicate in the future? 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．C 12. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了年轻人对电话通话的回避以及对短信和语音留言的偏好，表明通信方式发生了代际变化，而电话作为联络工具的地位逐渐被其他方式所取代。同时，文章也强调了声音在人际关系中的重要性，指出在严肃沟通中，电话仍然是更好的选择。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It seems linked to a general dislike of unexpected calls; more than half connect them with bad news. (这似乎与人们普遍不喜欢意外的电话有关；超过一半的人将它们与坏消息联系在一起)”可知，年轻人不愿意接听意外的电话是导致通信方式变化的主要原因。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Texting plays a leading role, with over 70% of young adults loving it. Voice notes are also very popular, being liked by nearly 40%. (发短信在其中占主导地位，超过70%的年轻人喜欢发短信。语音留言也很受欢迎，有近40%的人喜欢)”和“Interestingly, this aversion (讨厌) to phone calls isn’t shared by elders. Only 1% of those aged 35 — 54 use more texts than calls. (有趣的是，老年人并不反感打电话。在35至54岁的人群中，只有1%的人发短信比打电话多)”可推知，此处的数字用于比较不同年龄段的人在通信方式上的偏好。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Indeed, we can’t ignore the value of the voice in human relations. Listening to the expression of another person brings us much closer to them. It’s also easier to emotionally connect with others in this way. (的确，我们不能忽视声音在人际关系中的价值。倾听他人的表达能让我们更接近他们。以这种方式与他人建立情感联系也更容易)”可知，倾听声音在人际关系中很重要，能更好地维系亲近感，建立情感联系。由此可知，打电话可以带来更紧密的联系。故选C项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了年轻人对电话通话的回避以及对短信和语音留言的偏好，表明通信方式发生了代际变化，而电话作为联络工具的地位逐渐被其他方式所取代。同时，文章也强调了声音在人际关系中的重要性，指出在严肃沟通中，电话仍然是更好的选择。因此，C项“打电话会被取代吗？”涵盖了通信方式的变化和对未来通信方式的思考，契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 主题01 人与社会——语言文化与科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·山东威海·期中） You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French. The reason goes back to the year 1066, when Norman forces invaded (入侵) Britain. The Normans were from northern France and spoke French. During the Norman occupation, French became the language of England’s rulers and wealthy class. This lasted for more than 300 years. Other people in England continued to speak English during this period. Over time, the two languages combined and shared words. Some researchers believe that about 10,000 French words eventually entered the English language. However, although English took many French words, their meanings have not always stayed the same. Sometimes the differences in meanings can be very important, and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way. Take the French word college for example. In English, college can often be used in place of the word university, or sometimes as a school within a university. However, in French, college actually means “middle school”, or the level of schooling for students in grades five or six through eight. There are many other similar words in the two languages with completely different meanings. In English, the word chat means “to talk casually (随意)”; but in French, the word chat is the word for an animal: a cat. If an English speaker says someone is jolly, that means he is cheerful or friendly. But in French, jolie means someone is good-looking or pleasant to look at. In any case, both are nice things to say to someone. 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To show the influence of the Normans on England. B．To present the relationship between Britain and France. C．To introduce how English and French combined together. D．To explain why so many French words entered the English language. 2．What does the author stress about similar words in English and French? A．Their funny stories. B．Their changes in history. C．Their spelling forms. D．Their different meanings. 3．What does an Englishman mean if he says he’d like to have a chat? A．He likes a kind of pet. B．He wants to have a small talk. C．He prefers to talk in public. D．He’d like to have an interview. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Development of English. B．Difficulties in learning English. C．French words in English. D．Similarities between English and French. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了英语中许多词汇来源于法语的历史背景及其演变过程，并强调了英法语中相似词汇的不同含义。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French. The reason goes back to the year 1066, when Norman forces invaded (入侵) Britain.(你可能会惊讶地发现，英语中有30%到45%的单词来自法语。这个原因可以追溯到1066年，当时诺曼军队入侵了英国。)”可知，英语中很多词汇来源于法语，并且解释了其历史原因，即诺曼军队入侵英国，所以第一段的目的是解释为什么这么多法语词汇进入了英语语言。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“However, although English took many French words, their meanings have not always stayed the same. Sometimes the differences in meanings can be very important, and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way.(然而，尽管英语吸收了许多法语单词，但它们的含义并不总是一样的。有时意义的差异可能非常重要，如果错误地使用这些单词，可能会导致有趣或奇怪的情况。)”可知，作者强调英语和法语中相似单词的不同含义。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In English, the word chat means ‘to talk casually (随意)’.(在英语中，chat这个词的意思是‘随意地交谈’。)”可知，如果一个英国人说他想“have a chat”，他的意思是他想闲聊一下。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段提到英语中30%到45%的单词来自法语，并解释了历史原因；第二段讲述英法两种语言结合的过程以及词汇的演变；第三、四、五段则通过举例说明了英语和法语中相似词汇的不同含义。由此可知，文章主要讲的是英语中的法语单词。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·重庆·期中） Though many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered”. “Summer” is clearly a noun — a verbed noun. In our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a clear definition, it was easy to notice the difference. Not so in adulthood, when we are expected to “foot” the bill and “chair” meetings. Chances are that you didn’t feel uncomfortable about those verbed nouns. “The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts found that 20% of all English verbs were originally nouns. And it seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40% of new verbs have come from nouns. Even though the conversion (转化) is quite common, plenty of language experts disagree with it. William Strunk Jr. and E.B．White have this to say, “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but some are in doubt.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care. “Sometimes people dislike a new verb because they refuse to accept what is unfamiliar to them,” says Patricia. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” (使动词化) a noun if it’s easily replaced by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says. In the end, however, style is subjective (主观的). The easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries. It is one of the processes that make English “ English”. Not every new word passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it. 5．What can we learn about the verbing of nouns? A．It has come into use since a long time ago. B．It has been supported by many language experts. C．It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice. D．It is more commonly accepted by children than adults. 6．What is language experts’ attitude towards the verbing of nouns? A．Negative. B．Careful. C．Unclear. D．Positive. 7．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．It is impossible to end the verbing of nouns. B．New verbs will stay in the English language forever. C．Most people are against using new verbs from nouns. D．There is an obvious rule for changing verbs to nouns. 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Are all new verbs from nouns? B．Are there any rules for verbing? C．Are you comfortable about a new verb? D．Are “summering” and “medaling” annoying? 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．A 8. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了名词动词化在英语中的历史、现状及语言专家的态度，并探讨了其合理性和接受度。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段““The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts found that 20% of all English verbs were originally nouns. And it seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40% of new verbs have come from nouns.(“名词动词化与英语语言一样古老，”《纽约时报书评》前编辑帕特里夏说道。专家发现，20%的英语动词最初是名词。而且这种趋势似乎在加速发展。自1900年以来，约40%的新动词来自名词)”可知，名词用作动词这种做法很久以前就开始使用了。故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Even though the conversion (转化) is quite common, plenty of language experts disagree with it. William Strunk Jr. and E.B. White have this to say, “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but some are in doubt.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.(尽管这种转换很常见，但许多语言专家不同意这种说法。小威廉·斯特伦克和E. B.怀特说：“近来许多名词都被当作动词使用了。不是所有的都是坏的，但有些是有疑问的。”《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点，建议作者在使用动词时要格外小心)”可知，尽管名词用作动词这种做法很常见，但许多语言专家并不同意，他们建议作家要谨慎使用动词。因此，语言专家对名词用作动词的态度是小心谨慎的。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据最后两段，尤其是最后一段“In the end, however, style is subjective (主观的). The easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries. It is one of the processes that make English “ English”. Not every new word passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.(然而，最终，风格是主观的。名词到动词的轻松转换已经成为了英语语法的一部分，历时数世纪。这是使英语成为“英语”的过程之一。并不是每个新词都会进入通用语言，但试图完全结束名词动词化，那是不可能的)”可推知，名词动词化已经成为英语的一部分，名词用作动词是不可能结束的。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Though many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered”. “Summer” is clearly a noun — a verbed noun.(尽管我们中的许多人去年夏天可能去了某个不错的地方，但很少有人会说我们“summered”(度过了夏天)。显然，“summer”是一个名词——一个被用作动词的名词)”可知，文章主要围绕“summering”和“medaling”这两个例子展开，讨论了名词用作动词这种语言现象及引起的争议，因此，选项D“Are “summering” and “medaling” annoying?(“Summering”和“medaling”令人厌烦吗？)”最能概括文章主旨，作为标题最贴切。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·山东济南·期中） GROW, Dutch artist Daan Roosegaarde’s latest project, involved installing (安装) thousands of blue, red and purple LED lights in a 2-hectare field of leek (韭菜) for both artistic and practical purposes. People driving by the town of Lelystad, in central Netherlands, at night, this time of year are treated to a fantastic sight-a 20,000 square meters field of leek glowing blue, red and purple. Thought up by Studio Roosegaarde, the unique artistic installation is designed both as an honor to Dutch farmers and as an inspiration for them to experiment with artificial light in outdoor farming. Daan Roosegaarde also wants GROW to send a hopeful light to people in these trying times, giving new meaning to the word "agriculture" as a living cultural artwork. Nighttime ultraviolet (紫外线的) light has been used in glasshouse agriculture for a while now, especially in places where direct sunlight is scarce, but its outdoor use has so far been very limited. Ultraviolet light is known to help plants grow better, but Studio Roosegaarde is also testing a theory according to which certain wavelengths of ultraviolet light could reduce the need for pesticides by up to 50%. “So we started to scan the plants with these wavelengths of light and then suddenly it started to dance, the light,” Daan Roosegaarde said. “You had these huge fields of fireflies, as if they were, and we were testing it and the magic started kicking in, so I think that’s when the worlds of science, art and design meet and enhance each other.” Solar-powered LEDs give ultraviolet light onto the leek plants, thus adding the effect of natural sunlight after sunset, and creating a wonderful sight at the same time. GROW is currently only visible near Lelystad, but Roosegaarde plans to take the visually-impressive installation on the road to over 40 countries. Each country will have its own local or national crop and its own unique light recipe. Over the years, Studio Roosegaarde has created a number of fascinating installations, like the glow-in-the-dark bicycle path powered directly by the sun. 9．What does GROW probably refer to? A．A project creating artworks. B．A project installing LED lights. C．A project producing pesticides. D．A project building glasshouses. 10．What does the underlined word "scarce" in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Sufficient. B．Strong. C．Steady. D．Lacking. 11．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．What artistic effects were caused by the project. B．Why the project GROW was conducted. C．How Roosegaarde’s design idea came up. D．How Roosegaarde’s theory was tested. 12．What does Roosegaarde think of the future of GROW? A．Promising. B．Pressing. C．Challenging. D．Demanding. 【答案】9．B 10．D 11．D 12. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了丹麦艺术家Daan Roosegaarde最新的一个项目——安装数千个LED灯在2公顷的韭菜地里，创造出艺术和实用效果。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“GROW, Dutch artist Daan Roosegaarde’s latest project, involved installing (安装) thousands of blue, red and purple LED lights in a 2-hectare field of leek (韭菜) for both artistic and practical purposes.(荷兰艺术家Daan Roosegaarde的最新项目GROW是在一块2公顷的韭菜地里安装了数千盏蓝色、红色和紫色的LED灯，兼具艺术性和实用性。)”可知，GROW可能指的是一个安装LED灯的项目。故选B项。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“Nighttime ultraviolet (紫外线的) light has been used in glasshouse agriculture for a while now, especially in places where direct sunlight is…, but its outdoor use has so far been very limited.( 夜间紫外线灯已经在温室农业中使用了一段时间，特别是在直射阳光……的地方，但到目前为止，它的户外使用非常有限。)”由此可知， 此处为夜间紫外线灯在直射阳光缺乏的地方尤其需要。故可猜测划线单词scarce为“缺乏的，不足的”意思，和D选项Lacking“缺乏的”意思一致。故选D项。 11．主旨大意题。根据第三段““So we started to scan the plants with these wavelengths of light and then suddenly it started to dance, the light,” Daan Roosegaarde said. “You had these huge fields of fireflies, as if they were, and we were testing it and the magic started kicking in, so I think that’s when the worlds of science, art and design meet and enhance each other.” Solar-powered LEDs give ultraviolet light onto the leek plants, thus adding the effect of natural sunlight after sunset, and creating a wonderful sight at the same time.(“所以我们开始用这些波长的光扫描植物，然后突然它开始跳舞，光，” Daan Roosegaarde说。“你有这些巨大的萤火虫领域，就好像它们一样，我们正在测试它，魔法开始发挥作用，所以我认为这是科学，艺术和设计世界相遇并相互增强的时候。”太阳能LEDs将紫外线照射到韭菜植物上，从而增加了日落后自然阳光的效果，同时创造了一个美妙的景象。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是Roosegaarde的理论是如何被检验的。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“GROW is currently only visible near Lelystad, but Roosegaarde plans to take the visually-impressive installation on the road to over 40 countries. Each country will have its own local or national crop and its own unique light recipe.( GROW目前只在莱利斯塔德附近可见，但Roosegaarde计划将这个视觉上令人印象深刻的装置带到40多个国家。每个国家都有自己的地方或国家作物和自己独特的光配方。)”可知，Roosegaarde要把这个装置安装在多个国家，由此可推知，他认为这个项目是有前途的。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广东茂名·期中） Children are more creative when they learn in natural surroundings, according to new research from Curtin University. Primary school students in Australia and England were put to the test to see whether writing poetry in a natural outdoor setting produced more creative outcomes than writing in a classroom, and the answer was yes. Dr Paul Gardner and Sonja Kuzich from Curtin’s School of Education ran comparative trials with 10-year-old students in both countries and the results, recently published in the Cambridge Journal of Education, gave a big thumbs-up to the positive influence of natural settings. “We found that students who had direct contact with nature by engaging themselves in a bush or forest setting were much more descriptive and vivid in the language they used than the classroom-based writers who ‘imagined’ being in nature through photos,” Dr Gardner said. In total, 97 students took part in the study, split across four classrooms, including two based at an English primary school and two from a primary school in Western Australia. In each country one class visited a natural bush or forest before writing a poem based on what they saw, smelt and felt. The other class viewed a pile of images of the same bush or forest setting. Ms Kuzich said the difference in creative language used between the classes was obvious with twice as many UK forest students using figurative (比喻的) language compared with the students in class. In Australia that figure rose to more than four times when comparing the poetry of the bush-based students with those who remained at school. The researchers say further studies of larger groups are now recommended to gain greater understanding of the influence of natural spaces and “green learning” in schools. Future research may also be needed to examine if the green learning can be translated into other learning themes or context to see if there is a flow on effect in different environments. 1．Why were the students placed outdoors in nature? A．To get more outdoor exercise. B．To experience nature in depth. C．To understand poems about nature better. D．To prove nature’s effect on creativity. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The steps of training the children. B．The purpose of performing the test. C．New findings about students’ writing. D．The detailed steps of the experiment. 3．What can we infer about the result of the study? A．Students indoors are not good at poetry. B．Students in Australia prefer to study poetry. C．Students are more creative in a natural environment. D．Students in UK have different writing skill preferences. 4．What does the last paragraph imply? A．Green learning is becoming a trend. B．Further studies are to be carried out. C．Green learning has been applied in school. D．Future research is of little significance. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据一项新研究，孩子们在自然环境中学习时更有创造力。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Primary school students in Australia and England were put to the test to see whether writing poetry in a natural outdoor setting produced more creative outcomes than writing in a classroom, and the answer was yes.(澳大利亚和英国的小学生接受了一项测试，看看在自然的户外环境中写诗是否比在教室里写诗更有创造力，答案是肯定的)”以及第二段中““We found that students who had direct contact with nature by engaging themselves in a bush or forest setting were much more descriptive and vivid in the language they used than the classroom-based writers who ‘imagined’ being in nature through photos,” Dr Gardner said.(Gardner博士说：“我们发现，那些将自己沉浸在灌木丛或森林环境中直接接触大自然的学生，比那些在课堂上通过照片‘想象’自己身处大自然的作家，在语言上更具描述性和生动性。”)”可知，学生们被安排在户外的自然环境中是为了证明自然对创造力的影响。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In total, 97 students took part in the study, split across four classrooms, including two based at an English primary school and two from a primary school in Western Australia. In each country one class visited a natural bush or forest before writing a poem based on what they saw, smelt and felt. The other class viewed a pile of images of the same bush or forest setting.(共有97名学生参加了这项研究，他们被分为四个教室，其中两个来自英国的小学，另外两个来自西澳大利亚的小学。在每个国家，一个班级参观了一处天然灌木或森林，然后根据他们所看到的、闻到的和感觉到的写一首诗。另一个班看的是一堆相同灌木或森林背景的图像)”可知，第三段主要讲了实验的具体步骤。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“M Ms Kuzich said the difference in creative language used between the classes was obvious with twice as many UK forest students using figurative (比喻的) language compared with the students in class. In Australia that figure rose to more than four times when comparing the poetry of the bush-based students with those who remained at school.(Kuzich女士说，不同班级在使用创造性语言方面的差异很明显，英国森林学生使用比喻性语言的人数是普通班级学生的两倍。在澳大利亚，当把住在丛林里的学生的诗歌与留在学校的学生的诗歌进行比较时，这个数字上升到四倍多)”可推知，学生在自然环境中更有创造力。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers say further studies of larger groups are now recommended to gain greater understanding of the influence of natural spaces and “green learning” in schools. Future research may also be needed to examine if the green learning can be translated into other learning themes or context to see if there is a flow on effect in different environments.(研究人员说，现在建议对更大的群体进行进一步的研究，以更好地了解自然空间和学校“绿色学习”的影响。未来的研究可能还需要检查绿色学习是否可以转化为其他学习主题或背景，看看在不同的环境中是否存在流动效应)”可推知，最后一段暗示了将进行进一步的研究。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·浙江宁波·期中） If you want to become a fluent English speaker, you should take some advice: there are four skills in learning English. They are listening, speaking, reading and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening. Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentences, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammar or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you encounter, but the fact you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it. As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening. For listening, you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening, you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes. If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically, and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect. 5．According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills? A．Reading and listening. B．Reading and writing. C．Writing and speaking. D．Speaking and listening. 6．To improve your reading, when you read, you should ________. A．look up all the new words in the dictionary B．think about what you are reading actively C．spend more time studying grammar D．copy as many words and sentences as possible 7．What does the underlined word “encounter” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Meet by accident. B．Wind up. C．Lose on purpose. D．Look for. 8．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Everyone should listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. B．You needn’t practice listening if you keep in reading every day. C．Being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening. D．You should take notes of whatever you are hearing. 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．A 8. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了提高英语口语和写作能力的四个关键技能：听、说、读、写，并强调了阅读和听力在提高口语和写作中的重要性。文章给出了提高阅读和听力能力的具体建议和方法。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening.(你必须记住的最重要的事情是，如果你想提高你的口语和写作能力，你应该首先掌握阅读和听力的技能)”可知，作者认为在四个技能中，应该首先提高的是阅读和听力。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentences, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc.(但是你的阅读必须是积极的。这意味着你必须思考句子的意思，不熟悉的单词的意思等)”可知，为了提高阅读能力，在阅读时应该积极思考所读内容。故选B。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“but the fact you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example in other passages or books, is enough (但是当你第一次看到它们并能在以后看到它们时（例如在其他的文章或书中）认出它们这一事实就足够了)”可知，此处是指在阅读中你所遇见的那些你不熟悉的单词，能够认出它们就够了，故该词指“遇见”，故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening.(你只需要关注你的阅读并变得擅长阅读，然后你就能提高你的听力)”可知，作者认为擅长阅读有助于提高听力。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·湖北荆州·期中） Since 10 a.m. this morning, I’ve been staring at my computer screen in an attempt to squeeze an interesting article out of myself. Up until an hour ago, I only had 50 words and a dry title to show for eight hours of ‘work’. But as the sun set, I had about one hundred ideas pop into my head – like guests showing up too late to a party. Bursts of inspiration like this at night are frequent within the creative community. Writers, artists, and inventors throughout history have all said they’ve been most inspired during night-time. In the light of psychology, we write at night with less distractions (干扰). Kids put to bed and the world outside quiet, there’s very little that can pull us away from our writing. Also, most of the day’s tasks are complete by the evening. This means we have a whole day’s worth of inspiration and experience to reflect on, most of which comes out in our writing. Another factor is that the dark hours tend to be more relaxing: lighting is softer, we’re spending less time on social media, and the overall setting is quieter. This makes it ten times easier to focus on our writing. Chemically, our brains change too. When we sleep, certain parts of the brain shut down in preparation for it as the sun sets. In particular, much of the frontal lobe (前额叶) becomes inactive, so less energy is spent on decision-making and more is directed into other parts of the brain, specifically to the right hemisphere. Despite some debate surrounding the subject, scientists generally believe the creative control-centre of the brain is in the right hemisphere, which concerns itself with everything from emotions and intuition to the way we dream. When we reach night time, this side of our brain becomes more active because less energy is being used to power the rest of our brain. This is partly what allows creative surges to happen. However, that doesn’t mean you can’t enter a creative state during the day. If you can mirror night-time conditions, you stand the best chance of beating your writer’s block and letting words flow through you. 9．Why does the author mention his experience? A．To lead to his point. B．To prove his efforts. C．To display his routine life. D．To show off his writing talent. 10．What does Para 3 mainly talk about? A．The distractions at night. B．The way to relax at night. C．The mental advantages at night. D．The tasks to be done at night. 11．In our brains, creative thoughts increase sharply when ________. A．the frontal lobe functions well B．energy goes to decision-making C．emotions and dreams are absent D．the right hemisphere becomes active 12．Which of the following can be the best title? A．What Shall We Write at Night? B．When Do We Need to Write Most? C．Why Are We Most Creative at Night? D．How Can We Become A Creative Writer? 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．D 12. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了为什么我们在晚上最具创造力。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Since 10 a.m. this morning, I’ve been staring at my computer screen in an attempt to squeeze an interesting article out of myself. Up until an hour ago, I only had 50 words and a dry title to show for eight hours of ‘work’. But as the sun set, I had about one hundred ideas pop into my head – like guests showing up too late to a party. (从今天早上10点开始，我就一直盯着电脑屏幕，想挤出一篇有趣的文章。直到一个小时前，我只有50个单词和一个干巴巴的标题来展示8个小时的“工作”。但当太阳落山时，我的脑海里突然冒出了一百个想法——就像聚会上的客人来晚了一样)”可知，开篇作者提到自己在白天八小时里几乎毫无进展，但在夜晚灵感迸发，旨在引出文章讨论的主题，即为什么人们在夜间更有创造力。故选A项。 10．主旨大意题。根据第三段“This means we have a whole day’s worth of inspiration and experience to reflect on, most of which comes out in our writing. Another factor is that the dark hours tend to be more relaxing: lighting is softer, we’re spending less time on social media, and the overall setting is quieter. This makes it ten times easier to focus on our writing. (这意味着我们有一整天的灵感和经验可以反思，其中大部分都体现在我们的写作中。另一个因素是，黑暗的时间往往更令人放松：光线更柔和，我们花在社交媒体上的时间更少，整体环境更安静。这让我们更容易专注于写作)”可知，第三段主要分析晚上创作的心理优势。故选C项。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Despite some debate surrounding the subject, scientists generally believe the creative control-centre of the brain is in the right hemisphere, which concerns itself with everything from emotions and intuition to the way we dream. When we reach night time, this side of our brain becomes more active because less energy is being used to power the rest of our brain. This is partly what allows creative surges to happen. (尽管围绕这一主题存在争议，但科学家们普遍认为，大脑的创造性控制中心位于右脑，右脑负责从情感、直觉到我们做梦的方式等一切事情。当我们进入夜间时，大脑的这一侧变得更加活跃，因为用来为大脑其他部分供电的能量减少了。这在一定程度上导致了创造力的激增)”可以推知，当右脑变得活跃时，我们的大脑会产生更多的创造性思维。故选D。 12．根据第三段“This means we have a whole day’s worth of inspiration and experience to reflect on, most of which comes out in our writing. Another factor is that the dark hours tend to be more relaxing: lighting is softer, we’re spending less time on social media, and the overall setting is quieter. This makes it ten times easier to focus on our writing. (这意味着我们有一整天的灵感和经验可以反思，其中大部分都体现在我们的写作中。另一个因素是，黑暗的时间往往更令人放松：光线更柔和，我们花在社交媒体上的时间更少，整体环境更安静。这让我们更容易专注于写作)”以及 根据文章第四段中“Despite some debate surrounding the subject, scientists generally believe the creative control-centre of the brain is in the right hemisphere, which concerns itself with everything from emotions and intuition to the way we dream. When we reach night time, this side of our brain becomes more active because less energy is being used to power the rest of our brain. This is partly what allows creative surges to happen.”（尽管围绕这一主题存在争议，但科学家们普遍认为，大脑的创造性控制中心位于右脑，右脑负责从情感、直觉到我们做梦的方式等一切事情。当我们进入夜间时，大脑的这一侧变得更加活跃，因为用来为大脑其他部分供电的能量减少了。这在一定程度上导致了创造力的激增。）可知，本文探讨了为什么人在夜晚更具创造力的原因。故“为什么我们在晚上最有创造力？”是最佳标题。故选C。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·山东菏泽·期中） In 2015, the world’s countries signed the “Paris Agreement” to work together to try to limit global warming to 1. 5℃. In recent years, world leaders have held follow-up meetings like COP26 and COP27. The meetings are meant to check in on how the world is doing in its fight against the climate crisis (气候危机) , and to reach agreements on next steps. This year’s meeting, COP28, is being held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) . One of the big questions about COP28 is whether countries will agree to stop producing oil and gas (called a “phase-out”) , or will simply agree to produce less (a “phase-down”) . Most experts agree that to control global warming as much as possible, the world needs to end the use of coal and oil. Over 100 countries say that COP28 should lead to a deal to phase out fossil fuels (化石燃料) . “The science is clear,” said UN leader Antonio Guterres, “The 1. 5 degree goal is only possible if we finally stop burning fossil fuels. ” But the UAE is a major oil producer. And the president of this year’s meeting, Sultan Al Jaber, leads the UAE’s largest oil company. Many people say that, because of his connections, Mr. Jaber isn’t the right choice to lead the meeting. Even before the meeting began, there were reports that the UAE was using COP28 to try to make deals to sell more oil. Even though there are disagreements, some progress is being made. One important step is a deal to set aside a large amount of money to help the countries being hit hardest by climate change. Most of the money would come from richer countries, which have created a lot of the pollution that led to the climate crisis. Progress on controlling the dangerous greenhouse gas methane (甲烷) is probablyCOP28’s biggest success so far. The US has made a plan to cut methane pollution by 80% over the next 15 years. 1．What is the key to achieving the 1. 5 degree goal according to the text? A．Developing fossil fuels. B．Phasing out fossil fuels. C．Paris Agreement. D．COP26. 2．Why is Mr. Jaber unfit to lead COP28 in many people’s opinion? A．He is against the new deal. B．He has no good leadership. C．He may speak for oil producers. D．He is not world-famous. 3．What progress has been made in COP28? A．Controlling methane pollution. B．Helping the poor countries. C．Stopping producing oil and coal. D．Ending the use of fossil fuels. 4．What will be discussed in the following paragraph? A．The trouble of cutting methane pollution. B．The advantage of controlling global warming. C．The discussion about whether to stop methane. D．The actions taken by other countries to cut methane. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4.D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了今年在迪拜举行的COP28峰会讨论了是否停止使用石油、天然气等化石燃料来解决全球变暖的气候危机。 1．细节理解题。根据文中第二段“One of the big questions about COP28 is whether countries will agree to stop producing oil and gas (called a “phase-out”) , or will simply agree to produce less (a “phase-down”) . (关于COP28的一个大问题是，各国是否会同意停止生产石油和天然气（称为“淘汰”），或者只是同意减少生产（“逐步减少”）。)”和第三段“The 1. 5 degree goal is only possible if we finally stop burning fossil fuels.(科学是明确的，只有我们最终停止燃烧化石燃料，1.5度的目标才有可能实现。)”可知，实现1.5度目标的关键是逐步淘汰化石燃料。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文中第四段“And the president of this year’s meeting, Sultan Al Jaber, leads the UAE's largest oil company. Many people say that, because of his connections, Mr. Jaber isn’t the right choice to lead the meeting. (今年会议主席Sultan Al Jaber领导着阿联酋最大的石油公司。许多人说，由于Jaber的关系，他不是主持会议的正确人选。)”可知，Sultan Al Jaber 领导着阿联酋最大的石油公司，他代表的是石油生产商的利益，所以很多人认为他主持此次会议不合适。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Even though there are disagreements, some progress is being made. One important step is a deal to set aside a large amount of money to help the countries being hit hardest by climate change. Most of the money would come from richer countries, which have created a lot of the pollution that led to the climate crisis. (尽管存在分歧，但仍取得了一些进展。重要的一步是达成一项协议，拨出大量资金帮助受气候变化影响最严重的国家。大部分资金将来自富裕国家，这些国家制造了大量污染，导致了气候危机。)”可知，尽管存在分歧，但COP28正在取得一些进展。重要的一步是达成一项协议，拨出大量资金帮助受气候变化影响最严重的国家。同时根据最后一段可知，控制危险温室气体甲烷的进展可能是 COP28迄今为止最大的成功。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Progress on controlling the dangerous greenhouse gas methane (甲烷) is probablyCOP28’s biggest success so far. The US has made a plan to cut methane pollution by 80% over the next 15 years. (控制危险的温室气体甲烷的进展可能是cop28迄今为止最大的成功。美国已经制定了一项计划，在未来15年内将甲烷污染减少80%。)”可知，控制危险温室气体甲烷的进展可能是COP28迄今为止最大的成功。以美国为例制定了一项在未来15年内将甲烷污染减少80%的计划，所以可以推断出下文会谈及其他国家在减少甲烷污染方面所采取的措施。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·四川成都·期中） According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. It is reported that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000 vehicle-animal accidents each year. In the country’s under-populated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have rocketed to “pandemic (大规模流行的) percentage”. It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy. Meat, skins and leather from kangaroos have been sold to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma and Adidas buy strong, soft “k-leather” to make athletic products. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores. Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food from animals adapted to Australia’s environment is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.” Opponents of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable and unnecessary. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” Can Australians’ disagreement on kangaroos be solved? George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access. “If you want to protect something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered dangerous don’t have value.” If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. 5．What do we know from the article? A．Kangaroos are to blame for most accidents. B．Global brands make small profits on kangaroos. C．Kangaroos are relatively friendly to the environment. D．Over-populated kangaroos are doing great harm to the country’s economy. 6．Why does Dwayne Bannon disagree to kill kangaroos? A．Because it is laughable. B．Because it is destroying the country. C．Because they have existed on Earth longer than man. D．Because they live in harmony with people. 7．Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization (私有化)? A．The popularity of kangaroo hunting. B．The reduction in the number of kangaroos. C．The establishment of more conservation areas. D．The better management of the kangaroo industry. 8．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To argue against the killing of kangaroos. B．To provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos. C．To present different opinions on the kangaroo industry. D．To stress the importance of protecting kangaroos. 【答案】5．C 6．C 7．D 8. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要就袋鼠在澳大利亚的影响展开讨论，介绍了其经济与生态效益，以及对于袋鼠管理的不同观点。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. (支持者指出，低脂、高蛋白袋鼠肉比释放温室气体的绵羊和牛更环保)”可知，袋鼠是比绵羊和牛更环保的动物，即相对而言袋鼠对环境更友好。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” (新南威尔士州尤因人Dwayne Bannon Harrison表示，袋鼠正在摧毁这个国家的想法是可笑的。他说：“它们在这片土地上行走的时间比人们长得多。”。“在这里存在了数千年的物种怎么会“摧毁”这个国家？我不明白其中的逻辑。”)”可知，Dwayne Bannon认为在这片土地上，袋鼠比人类存在的时间更长，即袋鼠本来就生活在这里，所以Dwayne Bannon不同意杀死袋鼠。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. (如果袋鼠比牛或羊更有价值，土地所有者将与袋鼠产业合作进行品牌、营销和质量控制。政府的作用将是监督和监管)”可知，私有化之后，土地所有者可以与袋鼠产业在各方面进行合作，同时得到政府的监督和监管，即私有化会使得袋鼠产业得到更好的管理。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. (根据政府官方数据，袋鼠的数量是澳大利亚人的两倍多，许多澳大利亚人认为它们很危险)”。第二段“It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy.(人们认为，杀死袋鼠对促进经济发展至关重要)”以及最后一段“George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access.(澳大利亚国立大学教授乔治·威尔逊说，如果袋鼠是私人所有的，那么牧场主就会保护这些动物，把它们当作财产)”可知，文章开头提出问题，袋鼠使得人们面临危机，后文提出不同的解决方法，所以文章的写作目的是为袋鼠造成的问题提供解决方案。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·海南省直辖县级单位·期中） Plastic (塑料) is everywhere. According to the United Nations, a lot of rubbish is thrown into waterways. There’s plastic litter at the bottom of the sea and on top of mountains. Now plastic has been found in another unlikely place: on the backs of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). According to a study, hermit crabs are using plastic litter as shells (壳). Zuzanna Jagiello is a scientist at the University of Warsaw, in Poland. She’s the study’s lead author. “Hermit crabs don’t have homes, so they use rubbish.” Hermit crabs are small, soft-bodied crabs that live near the sea. To protect themselves, the crabs usually wear seashells that have been left behind by dead sea snails (海螺). However, according to the study, at least 386 hermit crabs have been found wearing litter. Of the world’s 16 kinds of hermit crabs that live on land, 10 have been seen wearing litter. Nearly nine out of every 10 of those crabs were wearing plastic waste, such as bottle caps. The others wore glass. Jagiello says that she and her team first learned about hermit crabs wearing litter when they noticed photos of them posted online. They decided to learn more by doing research. Scientists aren’t sure why hermit crabs are choosing litter instead of snail shells. But they have several ideas. Some sea snail populations are going down. Hermit crabs could be turning to litter because they can’t find enough seashells. It’s also possible that crabs choose plastic because it’s light and easy to carry. Or they’re drawn to its colors. Scientists agree that plastic pollution badly influences wild animals in many ways. But it isn’t clear that the crabs are in any danger. “It’s a great example of the beauty of adaptation, how some animals are living with humans,” Jagiello says. “What are the long-term influences of these adaptations? We don’t know.” 9．What do we know about hermit crabs? A．They prefer to live in deep water. B．They are badly harmed by plastic. C．Many of them have been seen wearing plastic waste. D．Most of them like glass because of its brightness. 10．What led scientists to do research on hermit crabs? A．Studies carried out by Polish scientists. B．A report from the United Nations. C．Requirements of nature lovers. D．Online photos of hermit crabs. 11．How is paragraph 4 developed? A．By listing possible reasons. B．By comparing. C．By explaining research results. D．By following time order. 12．What does Jagiello think about the hermit crabs’ behavior? A．She believes it shows they can deal with the changing environment. B．She believes it can help them live peacefully with humans. C．She worries it is having a bad influence on other animals. D．She worries it will make them lose their living space. 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 12. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寄居蟹使用塑料垃圾作为壳的现象，并探讨了可能的原因以及科学家对此的看法。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段提到“Of the world’s 16 kinds of hermit crabs that live on land, 10 have been seen wearing litter. Nearly nine out of every 10 of those crabs were wearing plastic waste, such as bottle caps.(在世界上的16种生活在陆地上的寄居蟹中，有10种被看到携带垃圾。其中近十分之九的寄居蟹身上都带着塑料垃圾，比如瓶盖)”可知，许多寄居蟹身上都带着塑料垃圾。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Jagiello says that she and her team first learned about hermit crabs wearing litter when they noticed photos of them posted online. They decided to learn more by doing research.(Jagiello说，她和她的团队第一次了解到寄居蟹携带垃圾是在网上看到它们的照片后。他们决定通过研究来了解更多)”可知，是寄居蟹的在线照片促使科学家对其进行研究。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Scientists aren’t sure why hermit crabs are choosing litter instead of snail shells. But they have several ideas. Some sea snail populations are going down. Hermit crabs could be turning to litter because they can’t find enough seashells. It’s also possible that crabs choose plastic because it’s light and easy to carry. Or they’re drawn to its colors.(科学家们不确定为什么寄居蟹会选择垃圾而不是海螺壳。但他们有几个想法。一些海螺的数量正在减少。寄居蟹可能会转向垃圾，因为它们找不到足够的海螺壳。也有可能螃蟹选择塑料是因为它轻便易携带。或者它们被塑料的颜色所吸引)”可知，本段是通过列举可能的原因展开的。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But it isn’t clear that the crabs are in any danger. ‘It’s a great example of the beauty of adaptation, how some animals are living with humans,’ Jagiello says.(但目前还不清楚这些螃蟹是否处于危险之中。Jagiello说：‘这是一个适应之美的绝佳例子，展示了某些动物是如何与人类共存的’)”可知，Jagiello认为这表明寄居蟹能够应对不断变化的环境。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$