Unit 1 Look it up! 单元词汇句型训练-2025-2026学年 沪教版（2024） 英语八年级上册

Unit 1 Look it up! 单元词汇句型训练 -2025-2026学年 沪教版（2024） 英语八年级上册 一、单项选择 1．Let’s use the camera to ________ the beautiful moment of our graduation ceremony. A．remember B．record C．report D．repeat 2．Mrs. Brown is nice. Every day she tries to cook ________ for me during my stay in Canada. A．something different B．anything different C．nothing different D．different nothing 3．This story ________ the one I read last week. Both have a brave hero and an exciting ending. A．is similar to B．is famous for C．is good at D．is ready for 4．Good communication ________ building strong friendships. We should learn to express ourselves clearly. A．plays an important role in B．takes pride in C．gets used to D．looks forward to 5．The price of the tour ________ air tickets and hotel stays. Don’t worry about the extra costs. A．contains B．covers C．includes D．holds 6．My father bought a new ________ of the encyclopedia. It’s the 15th book in the series. A．item B．number C．amount D．volume 7．The ________ opinion is that exercise helps keep healthy. A．general B．popular C．strange D．personal 8．The ________ of the old man made everyone in the village sad. A．die B．dead C．dying D．death 9．I spent ________ day cleaning my room yesterday. A．whole the B．the whole C．the all D．every 10．The teacher asked us to put the sentences in the right ________ to make a story. A．order B．place C．time D．way 11．Although she spends most of her time on science, she ________ painting and has won several awards. A．is good for B．is talented in C．is responsible for D．is worried about 12．In the old society (社会), many old people ________ cold in the countryside in winter. A．died of B．died from C．died away D．died out 13．If you don’t know the meaning of this word, you can ________ in the dictionary. A．look it for B．look up it C．look for it D．look it up 14．Dogs and wolves ________ each other because they come from the same family of animals. A．are related to B．are angry with C．are famous for D．are interested in 15．You can ________ take the bus ________ ride a bike to the park. Both ways are convenient. A．either; or B．neither; nor C．both; and D．not only; but 二、词汇 16．Would you mind (leave) alone at home? 17． measures are necessary if the city’s ancient monuments are to be preserved. (protection) 18．To increase his popularity, the candidate gave his speech before a selected audience. (care) 19．She loves landscapes, and her latest won first prize in the competition. (paint) 20．He made a decision and ran to help the old man. (quick) 21．When people from illness, their families share their together. (suffer) 22．After the dog’s , the boy felt sad because his pet was . (die) 23．An needs to have ideas to create beautiful works. (art) 24．Our teacher will a charity sale for the local next month. (organize) 25．The will edit the article before the new comes out. (edit) 26．My dog is very i . It can understand many commands. 27．Our class plans to o a picnic in the park next weekend. 28．Can you help me r the score of our basketball game? 29．Everyone felt sorry for the old cat’s d last month. 30．The library has five v of ancient Chinese poems. 31．These two dresses look s , but the price is different. 32．The teacher gave a g introduction to the history project. 33．The w class cheered when we won the football match. 34．The little dog looked sad, and I could see its s . 35．There is on the floor. Please pick it up. (用复合不定代词填空) 36．Would you like to eat? (用复合不定代词填空) 37．Be quiet! The teacher has to say. (用复合不定代词填空) 38．Why don’t you ask to help you? (用复合不定代词填空) 39．I phoned you last night, but answered. (用复合不定代词填空) 40．Did go to play basketball with you? (用复合不定代词填空) 41．—Jane, Grandmother’s birthday is next week. What’s your idea? —Let’s a surprise party for her. 42． (可能) he forgot to bring his homework to school. 43．I write new English words in my (笔记本) every day. 44． (恐龙) lived on the earth a long time ago. 45． is now playing football. (用复合不定代词填空) 46．We can look up historical events in a h (历史的) encyclopedia. 47．Looking up information helps us s (解决) problems in study. 48．We should learn the s (技能) of looking up information. 49．When writing, we can look up words to make our language more p (精确的). 三、完成句子 50．中国有编纂百科全书的悠久历史，大多数条目是以时间编写的。 China creating encyclopaedias, and most entries in time order. 51．学生们需要了解历史上的重要人物来理解过去。 Students need to important people to understand the past. 52．百科全书在历史上一直扮演着记录和提供信息的重要角色。 Encyclopaedias history recording and providing information. 53．它们与中国早期的百科全书相似，因为都收录了不同学者的著作。 They early Chinese encyclopaedias because they included . 54．人们一直比较喜欢用纸质百科全书，他们通常分为若干卷。 Some still paper encyclopaedias. They often come . 55．我出生在城市里，但早年生活在乡下。 I in the city but I lived in my early ages. 56．到现在为止，要么护士，要么医生们已经检查了病人的基本情况。 So far, the nurses the doctor the patient’s basic situation. 57．阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦改变了人们理解时间、空间和引力的方式。 Albert Einstein people understood time, space, and gravity. 四、翻译 58．他为中国第一批卫星和导弹做出了巨大贡献。(make great contributions to) 59．他毕生致力于中国的航天和国防发展(defense development)。(devoted his life to) 60．钱学森因其在中国航天科学方面的工作而获得许多奖项。(win many awards for) 61．恐龙有不同的大小。有些像鸡一样小，有些像十头大象一样大。(as…as) 62．阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦改变了人们理解时间、空间和引力的方式。(change the way…) 63．他著名的理论(theory)显示了他惊人的宇宙理解才能。(show...talent) 64．科学家们并不完全确定原因。然而，他们通过研究恐龙化石，对恐龙的了解越来越多。(learn to) 65．达芬奇非常聪明，在许多不同的领域都有非凡的天赋。(be talented in) 66．从很小的时候起，他就表现出了极大的智慧和艺术天赋。(from an early age) 67．阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦于1879年出生于德国。 (be born) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Look it up! 单元词汇句型训练-2025-2026学年 沪教版（2024） 英语八年级上册 解析卷 一、单项选择 1．Let’s use the camera to ________ the beautiful moment of our graduation ceremony. A．remember B．record C．report D．repeat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：让我们用相机记录毕业典礼的美好时刻。 考查动词辨析。remember记得；record记录；report报道；repeat重复。根据“use the camera”和“beautiful moment”可知，强调用设备记录影像。故选B。 2．Mrs. Brown is nice. Every day she tries to cook ________ for me during my stay in Canada. A．something different B．anything different C．nothing different D．different nothing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：布朗太太人很好。我在加拿大期间，她每天都给我做些不同的菜。 考查代词辨析和用法。something一些东西，一般用于肯定句及表示请求建议等含义的疑问句中；anything任何东西，一般用于否定及疑问句中；nothing没有东西。根据“Every day she tries to cook... for me during my stay in Canada.”可知，布朗太太给我做一些食物，肯定句要用something，形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置。故选A。 3．This story ________ the one I read last week. Both have a brave hero and an exciting ending. A．is similar to B．is famous for C．is good at D．is ready for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个故事和我上周读到的那个相似。两者都有一个勇敢的英雄和一个令人激动的结局。 考查形容词短语。is similar to与……相似；is famous for因……而闻名；is good at擅长；is ready for为……做好准备。根据“Both have a brave hero and an exciting ending.”可知，两个故事有相似之处。故选A。 4．Good communication ________ building strong friendships. We should learn to express ourselves clearly. A．plays an important role in B．takes pride in C．gets used to D．looks forward to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：良好的沟通在建立牢固的友谊方面起着重要作用。我们应该学会清晰地表达自己。 考查动词短语。plays an important role in在……中起重要作用；takes pride in以……为自豪；gets used to习惯于；looks forward to期待。根据“We should learn to express ourselves clearly.”可知良好的沟通在建立友谊方面起着重要作用。故选A。 5．The price of the tour ________ air tickets and hotel stays. Don’t worry about the extra costs. A．contains B．covers C．includes D．holds 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这次旅行的价格包括机票和酒店住宿。不要担心额外的费用。 考查动词辨析。contains包含，强调实体内部包含的内容；covers涵盖、涉及，常搭配范围或主题；includes包括，强调整体中包含部分，常用于举例说明；holds容纳。根据“The price of the tour ... air tickets and hotel stays.”可知，是强调“价格包含机票和住宿”这一整体中的部分内容。故选C。 6．My father bought a new ________ of the encyclopedia. It’s the 15th book in the series. A．item B．number C．amount D．volume 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我爸爸买了一册新的百科全书。它是这个系列中的第15本书。 考查名词词义辨析。item条目；number数字；amount数量；volume卷。由“It’s the 15th book in the series.”可知，此处指百科全书的“卷”，应用volume，符合语境。故选D。 7．The ________ opinion is that exercise helps keep healthy. A．general B．popular C．strange D．personal 【答案】A 【详解】句意：普遍观点认为锻炼有助于健康。 考查形容词辨析。general普遍的；popular流行的；strange奇怪的；personal个人的。根据“exercise helps keep healthy”和常识可知，锻炼有助于健康是一个大众认可的普遍观点。故选A。 8．The ________ of the old man made everyone in the village sad. A．die B．dead C．dying D．death 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那位老人的死让村里的每个人都很难过。 考查名词用法。die死，动词；dead死的，形容词；dying垂死的，形容词；death死亡，名词。根据“The...of the old man...”可知，空处使用名词，表示“老人的死”。故选D。 9．I spent ________ day cleaning my room yesterday. A．whole the B．the whole C．the all D．every 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天我花了一整天打扫我的房间。 考查名词短语。whole the语序错误；the whole+ 单数名词，固定搭配，如the whole day“一整天”；the all不符合语法，“all”表示“全部”时，通常搭配为“all the day”或直接“all day”；every强调每个，如every day“每天”。根据“...day cleaning my room yesterday.”可知，此处强调一整天。故选B。 10．The teacher asked us to put the sentences in the right ________ to make a story. A．order B．place C．time D．way 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师让我们把句子按正确的顺序排列，以组成一个故事。 考查名词辨析。order顺序；place位置；time时间；way方式。根据“put the sentences in the right... to make a story”可知，此处指将句子排成正确的顺序以组成故事。故选A。 11．Although she spends most of her time on science, she ________ painting and has won several awards. A．is good for B．is talented in C．is responsible for D．is worried about 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尽管她大部分时间都在搞科学，但她很擅长绘画，并且获得过几次奖。 考查动词短语。is good for对……有益；is talented in在……有天赋；is responsible for对……负责；is worried about为……担忧。根据“has won several awards”可知此处强调绘画方面的天赋。故选B。 12．In the old society (社会), many old people ________ cold in the countryside in winter. A．died of B．died from C．died away D．died out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在旧社会，许多老人在冬天因寒冷而死在乡下。 考查动词短语。died of死于（疾病、衰老、寒冷等自身内在原因）；died from死于（事故、外伤、中毒等外部原因）；died away（声音、风、光线等）逐渐减弱；died out（物种、习俗、传统等）灭绝。根据“In the old society (社会), many old people...cold in the countryside in winter.”可知，cold“寒冷”是直接导致老人死亡的内在生理因素。故选A。 13．If you don’t know the meaning of this word, you can ________ in the dictionary. A．look it for B．look up it C．look for it D．look it up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果你不知道这个单词的意思，你可以在词典里查一查。 考查动词短语。look for寻找；look up查阅。根据“you can…in the dictionary”可知此处是指查阅单词，应选用短语look up，当查阅的对象是代词时，代词要放在look和up中间。故选D。 14．Dogs and wolves ________ each other because they come from the same family of animals. A．are related to B．are angry with C．are famous for D．are interested in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：狗和狼彼此相关，因为它们来自同一个动物家族。 考查动词短语辨析。are related to与……相关/有亲缘关系；are angry with对……生气；are famous for因……出名；are interested in对……感兴趣。根据题干“because they come from the same family of animals”可知，狗和狼有亲缘关系。故选A。 15．You can ________ take the bus ________ ride a bike to the park. Both ways are convenient. A．either; or B．neither; nor C．both; and D．not only; but 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你可以乘公共汽车去公园，也可以骑自行车去。两种方式都方便。 考查连词短语辨析。either…or…要么……要么……；neither…nor…既不……也不……；both…and…两者都；not only…but (also)…不仅……而且……。根据“Both ways are convenient.”可知，此处指两种方式选其一。故选A。 二、词汇 16．Would you mind (leave) alone at home? 【答案】being left 【详解】句意：你介意被独自留在家里吗？Would you mind+doing sth.“你介意做某事吗”，固定句型；分析句子可知，主语you与谓语动词leave之间是被动关系，即你被独自留在家里，doing的被动形式为being+过去分词，leave的过去分词为left。故填being left。 17． measures are necessary if the city’s ancient monuments are to be preserved. (protection) 【答案】Protective 【详解】句意：如果要保护这座城市的古迹，就必须采取保护措施。measure“措施”，名词，需要用形容词来修饰，protection的形容词形式为protective，位于句首首字母需大写。故填Protective。 18．To increase his popularity, the candidate gave his speech before a selected audience. (care) 【答案】carefully 【详解】句意：为了提高知名度，这位候选人在经过精心挑选的听众面前发表了演讲。根据“a…selected audience”可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词selected，意为精心挑选的，carefully是care的副词形式。故填carefully。 19．She loves landscapes, and her latest won first prize in the competition. (paint) 【答案】 to paint/painting painting 【详解】句意：她喜欢画风景画，而且她最近的一幅画在比赛中获得了一等奖。第一空，love to do sth/love doing sth“喜欢做某事”，paint的动名词形式是painting；第二空，“her latest...”作主语，所以此处填单数名词painting，指具体的绘画作品。故填to paint/painting；painting。 20．He made a decision and ran to help the old man. (quick) 【答案】 quick quickly 【详解】句意：他做了一个快速的决定，然后迅速跑去帮助那位老人。根据“decision”可知，第一空需填形容词作定语修饰名词，quick“快速的”，形容词；根据“ran”可知，第二空需填副词修饰动词，quick的副词形式是quickly。故填quick；quickly。 21．When people from illness, their families share their together. (suffer) 【答案】 suffer suffering 【详解】句意：当人们遭受疾病时，他们的家人会一起分担这份痛苦。第一空，“suffer”是动词，在“when”引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，“suffer from”是固定搭配，意为“遭受；患……病”。句子描述的是一般情况，主语“people”是复数，谓语动词用原形，所以填“suffer”。第二空，“suffering”是名词，意为“痛苦；苦难”，在句中作动词“share”的宾语，“their”修饰名词，所以填“suffering”。故填suffer；suffering。 22．After the dog’s , the boy felt sad because his pet was . (die) 【答案】 death dead 【详解】句意：狗死后，男孩感到很伤心，因为他的宠物死了。第一空，此处需名词作主语，“death”是“die”的名词形式，意为“死亡”，前面有名词所有格“the dog’s”修饰，需用名词作介词“After”的宾语，所以填death； 第二空，此处需形容词作表语，“dead”是“die”的形容词形式，意为“死的；去世的”，在句中作系动词“was”的表语，用于描述宠物的状态（已死亡），所以第二空填dead。 故填death；dead。 23．An needs to have ideas to create beautiful works. (art) 【答案】 artist artistic 【详解】句意：一个艺术家需要有艺术的想法来创作美丽的作品。根据“An ... needs to have ... ideas”及所给词可知，是指艺术家需要有艺术的想法，An后跟名词单数artist“艺术家”；第二个空用形容词artistic“艺术的”，作定语，修饰名词ideas。故填artist；artistic。 24．Our teacher will a charity sale for the local next month. (organize) 【答案】 organize organization 【详解】句意：我们的老师将于下个月为当地的组织组织一场慈善义卖活动。空一处根据“will”可知，后应跟动词原形organize“组织”；空二处根据“the local”可知，应用名词形式organization“组织”。故填organize；organization。 25．The will edit the article before the new comes out. (edit) 【答案】 editor edition 【详解】句意：编辑将在新版本出版前编辑这篇文章。第一空，根据“The... will edit the article”可知，此处缺主语，指代人，表示编辑将编辑这篇文章，应填名词editor，意为“编辑”，此处用单数名词；第二空，根据“before the new... comes out”可知，此处缺主语，指代物，表示新版本，应填名词edition，意为“版本”，结合“comes”可知，主语是单数，所以此处用单数名词。故填editor；edition。 26．My dog is very i . It can understand many commands. 【答案】(i)ntelligent 【详解】句意：我的狗非常聪明。它能理解很多指令。根据“It can understand many commands.”和首字母提示可知，狗非常聪明，intelligent“聪明的”，在句中作表语。故填(i)ntelligent。 27．Our class plans to o a picnic in the park next weekend. 【答案】(o)rganize 【详解】句意：我们班计划下周末在公园组织一次野餐。根据“Our class plans to…a picnic in the park next weekend.”及首字母提示可知，此处表示“计划组织一次野餐”，organize表示“组织”，动词；空前有plan to do sth表示“计划做某事”，后接动词原形。故填(o)rganize。 28．Can you help me r the score of our basketball game? 【答案】(r)ecord 【详解】句意：你能帮我记录下我们篮球赛的比分吗？根据“the score of our basketball game”和首字母可知，此处指记录篮球赛的比分，应填动词record，help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，所以此处填省略to的动词不定式。故填(r)ecord。 29．Everyone felt sorry for the old cat’s d last month. 【答案】(d)eath 【详解】句意：大家都为上个月那只老猫的死亡感到难过。根据名词所有格“cat’s”及首字母提示可知，此处需用名词，“death”是名词，意为“死亡”，故填(d)eath。 30．The library has five v of ancient Chinese poems. 【答案】(v)olumes 【详解】句意：这座图书馆有五卷中国古诗。根据“The library has five ... of ancient Chinese poems”以及首字母提示可知，此处指“卷”，volume“卷；册”，可数名词；空前有基数词“five”，此处应用volume的复数形式volumes。故填(v)olumes。 31．These two dresses look s , but the price is different. 【答案】(s)imilar 【详解】句意：这两条连衣裙看起来很相似，但价格不一样。根据句中“but the price is different”的转折关系，可推断前半句应表达“看起来相似”的含义，且结合首字母“s”提示，符合语境的单词为“similar”。故填(s)imilar。 32．The teacher gave a g introduction to the history project. 【答案】(g)eneral 【详解】句意：老师对历史项目进行了总体介绍。根据“gave a...introduction”以及首字母提示可知，应填形容词general“总的”，作定语，修饰后面的名词introduction，表示进行了总体介绍。故填(g)eneral。 33．The w class cheered when we won the football match. 【答案】(w)hole 【详解】句意：当我们赢得足球比赛时，全班都欢呼起来。根据“The w... class”可知，是指整个班级，用形容词whole“整个的”，作定语。故填(w)hole。 34．The little dog looked sad, and I could see its s . 【答案】(s)uffering 【详解】句意：小狗看起来很伤心，我能看到它的痛苦。根据“The little dog looked sad”和首字母可推断此处指的是小狗的痛苦。suffering意为“痛苦”，表示“身体或精神上的痛苦”这一整体抽象概念时，为不可数名词。故填(s)uffering。 35．There is on the floor. Please pick it up. (用复合不定代词填空) 【答案】something 【详解】句意：地板上有某个东西。请把它捡起来。根据“There is...on the floor.”的句式结构及提示可知，此处需要一个表示“某物、某个东西”的词来充当句子主语，且句子为肯定句，在复合不定代词中something意为“某物、某事”。故填something。 36．Would you like to eat? (用复合不定代词填空) 【答案】something 【详解】句意：你想要些吃的东西吗？“Would you like...” 表示委婉提议/邀请，通常希望得到肯定回答，此处应用复合不定代词something，故填something。 37．Be quiet! The teacher has to say. (用复合不定代词填空) 【答案】something 【详解】句意：安静点！老师有话要说。句子为肯定句，需用表“不确定的事物”的复合不定代词；“something to say”是固定搭配，意为“有话要说”，符合“老师让大家安静，要传达内容”的语境。 故填something。 38．Why don’t you ask to help you? (用复合不定代词填空) 【答案】someone/somebody 【详解】句意：你为什么不找个人来帮你呢？此句是提建议的疑问句，虽为疑问形式，但说话者希望得到肯定回应，这种语境下用“someone/somebody”。故填someone/somebody。 39．I phoned you last night, but answered. (用复合不定代词填空) 【答案】nobody 【详解】句意：我昨晚给你打电话了，但没人接。根据“I phoned you last night, but”可知，昨晚打电话，但是“没有人”接，nobody“没有人”，复合不定代词，符合语境。故填nobody。 40．Did go to play basketball with you? (用复合不定代词填空) 【答案】anyone/anybody 【详解】句意：有任何人跟你一起去打篮球吗？此句是一般疑问句，在一般疑问句中，常用“anyone/anybody”表示“任何人”。故填anyone或anybody。 41．—Jane, Grandmother’s birthday is next week. What’s your idea? —Let’s a surprise party for her. 【答案】organize 【详解】句意：——简，下星期是奶奶的生日。你有什么想法？——让我们为她安排一个惊喜派对吧。根据空后的“a surprise party”可知，此处是说让我们为奶奶安排一个惊喜派对，organize“安排”，“Let’s”接动词原形。故填organize。 42． (可能) he forgot to bring his homework to school. 【答案】Perhaps 【详解】句意：他可能忘了把作业带到学校。可能：perhaps，是副词，在句中作状语。故填Perhaps。 43．I write new English words in my (笔记本) every day. 【答案】notebook 【详解】句意：我每天在笔记本里写新单词。根据汉语提示，notebook“笔记本”，结合语境，此处应用单数形式。故填notebook。 44． (恐龙) lived on the earth a long time ago. 【答案】Dinosaurs 【详解】句意：恐龙在很久以前生活在地球上。根据汉语提示可知，恐龙“dinosaur”，因为表示一类生物，用复数“dinosaurs”表泛指，在句中作主语，句子开头首字母大写。故填Dinosaurs。 45． is now playing football. (用复合不定代词填空) 【答案】Someone 【详解】句意：现在有人在踢足球。根据“...is now playing football.”及汉语提示可知，空处需要不定代词作主语，且主语为人，句子为肯定句，用someone“有人”作主语，句首字母大写。故填Someone。 46．We can look up historical events in a h (历史的) encyclopedia. 【答案】(h)istorical 【详解】句意：我们可以在历史百科全书中查找历史事件。“历史的”historical，形容词修饰名词encyclopedia。故填(h)istorical。 47．Looking up information helps us s (解决) problems in study. 【答案】(s)olve 【详解】句意：查阅资料有助于我们解决学习中的问题。solve“解决”，是动词，help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，故填(s)olve。 48．We should learn the s (技能) of looking up information. 【答案】(s)kills 【详解】句意：我们应该学习查找信息的技能。skill“技能”，根据“of looking up information”可知，不止一种，用名词复数形式。故填(s)kills。 49．When writing, we can look up words to make our language more p (精确的). 【答案】(p)recise 【详解】句意：写作时，我们可以查阅单词使我们的语言更精确。根据汉语提示“精确的”以及首字母“p”可知，此处应填形容词“precise”来修饰名词“language”。故填(p)recise。 三、完成句子 50．中国有编纂百科全书的悠久历史，大多数条目是以时间编写的。 China creating encyclopaedias, and most entries in time order. 【答案】 has a long history of are written 【详解】根据英汉句子可知，前半句缺少“有编纂……的悠久历史”的英文表达，“have a long history of...”是固定短语，意为“有……的悠久历史”，主语“China”是第三人称单数，一般现在时中谓语动词用“has”，所以依次填has；a；long；history；of。后半句缺少“被编写”的英文，“entries 条目”与“编写”是被动关系，用被动语态“be + 过去分词”结构，“编写”的过去分词是“written”，主语“most entries”是复数，be动词用“are”，所以依次填are；written。故填has；a；long；history；of；are；written。 51．学生们需要了解历史上的重要人物来理解过去。 Students need to important people to understand the past. 【答案】 learn about in history 【详解】learn about“了解”，need to do sth“需要做某事”；in history“历史上”。故填learn；about；in；history。 52．百科全书在历史上一直扮演着记录和提供信息的重要角色。 Encyclopaedias history recording and providing information. 【答案】 play an important role through in 【详解】play an important role in “在……中起重要作用”；through“通过”。句子用一般现在时陈述客观的事实，主语“Encyclopaedias”是复数名词，谓语动词用原形。故填play；an；important；role；through；in。 53．它们与中国早期的百科全书相似，因为都收录了不同学者的著作。 They early Chinese encyclopaedias because they included . 【答案】 were similar to works by different scholars 【详解】由中英文对比可知，缺少“与……相似”和“不同学者的著作”；be similar to表示“与……相似”，形容词短语；根据“they included”可知，时态为一般过去时；主语为“They”，be动词用were；works“著作”，名词；by different scholars“不同学者的”，介词短语作后置定语，修饰works。故填were；similar；to；works；by；different；scholars。 54．人们一直比较喜欢用纸质百科全书，他们通常分为若干卷。 Some still paper encyclopaedias. They often come . 【答案】 prefer to use in several volumes 【详解】prefer to do sth.是固定结构，意为“更喜欢做某事”；come in several volumes是习惯表达，表示“分为若干卷”；本句是一般现在时，第一句主语Some是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填prefer；to；use；in；several；volumes。 55．我出生在城市里，但早年生活在乡下。 I in the city but I lived in my early ages. 【答案】 was born in the countryside 【详解】be born in表示“出生于”，根据“ I lived ”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语为I，be应用was；in the countryside表示“在乡下”，固定短语。故填was；born；in；the；countryside。 56．到现在为止，要么护士，要么医生们已经检查了病人的基本情况。 So far, the nurses the doctor the patient’s basic situation. 【答案】 either or has checked 【详解】either...or...表示 “要么……要么……”，连接并列主语时，遵循“就近原则”；check“检查”，动词；根据“So far”可知，时态为现在完成时；靠近的主语“the doctor”为单数，因此谓语结构为has checked。故填either；or；has；checked。 57．阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦改变了人们理解时间、空间和引力的方式。 Albert Einstein people understood time, space, and gravity. 【答案】 changed the way 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少内容“改变了方式”。change“改变”，the way“方式”，表示特指。动作发生在过去，此处应用动词过去式。故填changed；the；way。 四、翻译 58．他为中国第一批卫星和导弹做出了巨大贡献。(make great contributions to) 【答案】He made great contributions to China’s first satellites and missiles. 【详解】“他”是“He”，作主语。“为……做出巨大贡献”用“make great contributions to”表达，因为描述的是过去发生的行为，所以用一般过去时“made”。“中国第一批卫星和导弹”是“China’s first satellites and missiles”，“China’s”是名词所有格表所属，“first”是序数词表“第一批”。 故填He made great contributions to China’s first satellites and missiles. 59．他毕生致力于中国的航天和国防发展(defense development)。(devoted his life to) 【答案】He devoted his life to China’s space and defense development. 【详解】devoted his life to意为“终身致力于……”；航天：space。根据语境可知，时态为一般过去时，“中国的”表示所属，因此用名词所有格形式。故填He devoted his life to China’s space and defense development. 60．钱学森因其在中国航天科学方面的工作而获得许多奖项。(win many awards for) 【答案】Qian Xuesen won many awards for his work in China’s space science. 【详解】主语为Qian Xuesen；所给提示词win many awards for意为“因……而获得许多奖项”，本句所述的动作发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式won；his work意为“他的工作”；in China’s space science意为“在中国航天科学方面。故填Qian Xuesen won many awards for his work in China’s space science. 61．恐龙有不同的大小。有些像鸡一样小，有些像十头大象一样大。(as…as) 【答案】Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. 【详解】“恐龙”是“Dinosaurs”，作句子主语。“有不同的大小”常用“came in different sizes”表达，这里用一般过去时“came”，是因为描述的是恐龙（已灭绝）过去的情况。“像……一样”用“as...as”结构，“像鸡一样小”即“as small as chickens”；“像十头大象一样大”即“as big as ten elephants”，“were”同样是一般过去时，与整体描述恐龙过去特征的时态一致。故填Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. 62．阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦改变了人们理解时间、空间和引力的方式。(change the way…) 【答案】Albert Einstein changed the way people understood time, space, and gravity./Albert Einstein changed the way that people understood time, space, and gravity. 【详解】根据“改变了”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。“阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦”用Albert Einstein，作主语。“改变……的方式”用change the way，change的过去式为changed，the way是先行词，所以后可接that引导的定语从句，that可以省略；“人们”用people，作从句的主语；“理解”用动词understand，过去式为understood；“时间”用不可数名词time；“空间”用不可数名词space；“和”用连词and；“引力”用不可数名词gravity。故填Albert Einstein changed the way people understood time, space, and gravity./Albert Einstein changed the way that people understood time, space, and gravity. 63．他著名的理论(theory)显示了他惊人的宇宙理解才能。(show...talent) 【答案】His famous theory showed his amazing talent in understanding the universe. 【详解】在某方面：in；理解：understand，在介词后用动名词；宇宙：universe；著名的：famous；theory意为“理论”；show...talent意为“展现出某方面天赋”；惊人的：amaing。“theory”为名词，因此前边用形容词性物主代词“his”，根据语境可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填His famous theory showed his amazing talent in understanding the universe. 64．科学家们并不完全确定原因。然而，他们通过研究恐龙化石，对恐龙的了解越来越多。(learn to) 【答案】Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by studying their fossils. 【详解】第一句话描述事实用一般现在时。“科学家们”用可数名词复数的scientists，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；“确定”用动词短语be sure，主语为复数的Scientists，be动词用are；“不确定”用are not sure；“完全”用副词completely，修饰形容词sure，放于sure前；“原因”用why；第二句话，根据“越来越多”可知，此处表示持续变化，用现在进行时，结构为am/is/are doing。“然而”用副词，however，表示转折，位于句首，首字母大写；“他们”用主格的they，作主语，be动词用are；“了解”用动词短语learn about，learn的现在分词learning；“越来越多”用more and more，放于learning后；“恐龙”用可数名词复数的dinosaurs，作宾语；“通过做某事”用by doing sth；“研究”用动词study，动名词为studying；“恐龙化石”，前面已经提到“恐龙”，此处用代词“他们”代替，即“他们的化石”用their fossils。故填Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by studying their fossils. 65．达芬奇非常聪明，在许多不同的领域都有非凡的天赋。(be talented in) 【答案】Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. 【详解】聪明：intelligent；在不同的领域；in many different fields；所给形容词搭配be talented in意为：在某方面有天赋。根据语境可知，时态为一般过去时，句子为“and”连接的并列句，句子结构为主系表。故填Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. 66．从很小的时候起，他就表现出了极大的智慧和艺术天赋。(from an early age) 【答案】From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. 【详解】所给短语from an early age：从小时候开始；智慧：intelligence；艺术天赋：artistic talent。根据语境可知，此句时态为一般过去时，句子谓语动词为“showed”，“great intelligence and artistic talent”为宾语，“from an early age”为句子时态状语。故填From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. 67．阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦于1879年出生于德国。 (be born) 【答案】Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. 【详解】“阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦”是“Albert Einstein”；“出生于”用“be born in”表达。因是过去发生的事，主语是第三人称单数，所以用“was born”；“德国”是“Germany”；“1879年”是“in 1879”。按照英语表达习惯，时间、地点状语的顺序通常是小地点在前，大地点在后，时间状语可放句末。故填Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$