Unit 1 section B 词汇详解课件 2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册

Unit 1 Happy Holiday Section B 单词讲解 square /skweə(r)/ n. 广场；正方形 adj. 正方形的；平方的 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ n. ① 广场（城市地标）② 正方形；平方（数学概念） ☞ adj. ① 正方形的；成直角的 ② 平方的（数学） ☞ v. square up （口语）结账；摆好架势 ☞ in the town square 在市中心广场 ☞ Times Square, Red Square（专有名词首字母大写） ☞ 25 square metres 25 平方米 ☞ square your shoulders 挺直肩膀 ☞ a square table 一张方桌 ☞ 2023 北京卷·完形填空）We met in the town _____ and took photos together. ☞（2022 广东卷·阅读理解）The total area of the garden is 100 square metres. square during /ˈdjʊərɪŋ/ prep. 在……期间 语法功能 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ prep.表示“在……期间”，后接 名词 / 动名词 / 代词 不与 since / for 混淆，不跟句子。 ☞ during the winter holiday / during the Spring Festival ☞ during the flight / during the trip ☞ during the meeting / during the concert / during the game ☞ during World War II / during the Tang Dynasty ☞ （2022 天津卷·完形填空）The police arrived quickly __________ the night. ☞（2023 北京卷·单项填空）I fell asleep ___ the long journey. A. during B. while C. for D. since during A victory /ˈviktori/ n. 胜利；成功 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ victory n. 胜利（可数） ☞ victorious adj. 获胜的（阅读偶见，写作加 1 分） ☞ victoriously adv. 胜利地（了解即可） ☞ win a victory 赢得胜利 ☞ a great / an important victory 伟大的/重要的胜利 ☞ the victorious team 获胜的队伍 ☞ （2023 山东济南卷·阅读理解）The Chinese women’s volleyball team scored another victory in the final. ☞（2021 四川成都卷·完形填空）At last, the little robot team won the first _________ in the competition. victory Russian /ˈrʌʃn/ adj. 俄罗斯的；俄罗斯人的 n. 俄罗斯人；俄语 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ Russian n. 俄语；俄罗斯人（可数） ☞ Russian adj. 俄罗斯的；俄语的 ☞ Russia n. 俄罗斯（国名，首字母必大写） ☞ speak Russian 说俄语 ☞ a Russian 一位俄罗斯人 → two Russians ☞ Russian culture 俄罗斯文化 ☞ the capital of Russia 俄罗斯的首都 ☞ （2023 江苏南京卷·阅读理解）The letter was written in Russian, so I couldn’t understand it. ☞（2022 山东青岛卷·短文填空）Many ________ come to Harbin every winter to enjoy the ice festival. Russians fight /faɪt/ n. 战斗；搏斗；斗争 v. (fought /fɔ:t/) 打仗；打架 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ v. (fought, fought) ① 打架；争吵 ② 与…斗争；对抗 ☞ fight n. [C] 打架；斗争；战斗 ☞ fighter n. [C] 战士；战斗机（阅读拓展） ☞ have a fight with sb. ☞ get into a fight ☞ fight against ☞ fight for ☞ （2022 重庆卷·阅读理解）The firefighters fought the flames for three hours and saved the house. ☞（2023 广州卷·完形）The two boys were too angry and started to ___. A. fight B. discuss C. rest D. sing A against /əˈɡenst/ prep. 反对；与……相反；紧靠 语法功能 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ 表“反对；违反” ☞ 表“倚靠；碰撞” ☞ be against…  反对…… ☞ fight against… 与……作斗争 ☞ lean against the wall 靠墙 ☞ play against… 与……比赛 ☞ protect…against… 保护……免受…… ☞ （2022 江苏卷·阅读理解）The players will play ______ the team from Shanghai tomorrow. ☞（2023 天津卷·完形）It is ___ the school rules to run in the hallway. A. for B. against C. with D. over against B guide /ɡaɪd/ n. 导游；指南；手册 v. 给某人领路；指导 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ guide n. [C] 导游；指南；手册 ☞ guide v. 指导；带领；引导 ☞ guidance n. [U] 指导（阅读常见） ☞ a tour guide 导游; a study guide 学习指南 ☞ guide sb. to do sth. 指导某人做某事 ☞ guide sb. through… 带领某人通过…… ☞ under the guidance of… 在……的指导下 ☞ （2023 广州卷·阅读理解）The tour guide told us interesting stories about the palace. ☞（2022 江苏卷·短文填空） The book is a useful ________ for middle school students. guide artwork /ˈɑːtwɜːk/ n. 艺术作品；插图 noon /nuːn/ n. 正午；中午 in the sun 在阳光下 thousands of 数以千计的； 成千上万的 语法功能 中考例句 ☞ hundred / thousand / million / billion 作“具体数字”时，单数不加-s： two hundred students（√） two hundreds students（×） ☞ 作“概数”时用复数 + of： hundreds of students 成百上千的学生 thousands of people 成千上万的人 millions of cars 数百万辆车 billions of stars 数十亿颗星星 ☞ 2023 广州卷：About two million visitors came to the flower fair last year. ☞2022 江苏卷：Hundreds of volunteers helped clean the beach. ☞ 2021 北京卷：The company has donated over three billion yuan to education. tear /tiə(r)/ n. 眼泪；泪水 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ tear /tɪə(r)/ n. [C] 眼泪 ☞ tear /teə(r)/ v. (tore /tɔː(r)/, torn /tɔːn/) 撕破，撕裂 ☞ in tears 含着泪，流泪；burst into tears 突然大哭起来 move sb. to tears 把某人感动的流泪；tears of joy 喜悦的泪水 ☞ tear up the letter 把信撕碎；tear down the old house 拆除旧房子 ☞ （2021 天津卷·短文填空）He ____ the envelope open and read the card inside. ☞（2022 江苏卷·阅读理解）The movie was so moving that it moved the audience to tears. tore remind /riˈmaɪnd/ v. 提醒；使想起 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ remind v. 提醒；使想起 (reminded / reminded / reminding) ☞ remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 ☞ remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 ☞remind sb. that… 提醒某人…… ☞ （2023 江苏卷·单项填空）—Don’t forget the meeting. —OK, I’ll ___ myself. A. remember B. remind C. miss D. help ☞（2022 广东卷·完形填空）The photo always reminds me ___ the days we spent together. B of peace /piːs/ n. 和平；太平 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ peace n. [U] 和平；宁静 ☞ peaceful adj. 和平的；平静的 ☞ peacefully adv. 和平地；宁静地 ☞ world peace 世界和平 ☞ make peace with sb. 和某人和平相处 ☞ at peace 处于和平状态 ☞ a symbol of peace 和平的象征 （2023 南京卷·阅读理解）The dove is a symbol of peace in many cultures. ☞（2022 杭州卷·短文填空）After years of war, people longed to live ____________. in peace easily /ˈiːzəli/ adv. 容易地；轻易地 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ ease n. 容易；安心 ☞ easy adj. 轻松的；容易的 ☞ uneasy adj. 不安的 ☞ easily adv. 轻易地；容易地 ☞ with ease  轻而易举 ☞ feel at ease  感到安心 ☞ look uneasy  看起来不安 ☞ （2023 上海卷·阅读理解） The app helps students learn new words more easily. ☞2022 广东卷·短文填空） Glass is easily broken, so handle it with care. forget /fəˈɡet/ v. (forgot /fəˈɡɒt/) 忘记；遗忘 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ forget v. ( forgot; forgotten) ☞ forgetful adj. 健忘的 ☞ aforgettable adj. 易被忘记的；平淡的 ☞ unforgettable adj. 难忘的 ☞ forget to do sth.  忘记去做某事（还没做） ☞ forget doing sth.  忘记曾做过某事（已做过） ☞ be forgetful of…  对……健忘 ☞ a forgettable movie  一部平淡无奇的电影 ☞ （2021 山东卷·短文填空）The trip was so amazing that it became an __________ experience for all of us. ☞（2023 江苏南京卷·单项选择）—Why didn’t you hand in your report? —Sorry, I forgot ___ it here. A. bringing B. to bring C. bring D. brought ungorgettable B sick /sɪk/ adj. 生病的；恶心的 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ sick adj. 生病的；恶心的（美） ☞ sickness n. 疾病；恶心 ☞ sickly adj. 体弱多病的；病态的 ☞ be sick of doing 对……感到厌烦 ☞ feel sick 感到恶心；想吐 ☞ get sick  生病 ☞ sickness benefit  病假津贴（阅读偶见） ☞ （2023 广州卷·阅读理解） If you get sick after eating street food, see a doctor at once. ☞（2022 江苏卷·完形填空） I’m really sick of waiting for the bus every morning. station /ˈsteɪʃn/ n. 火车站； 公共汽车站 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ station n. 车站；电台；所/局; v. 驻扎；安置 ☞ stationary adj. 静止的；不动的 ☞ stationery adj. 文具（常考易混词） ☞ bus / train / subway station  公交车 / 火车 / 地铁站 ☞ police/fire/gas/radio station警察局 消防站 加油站广播站 ☞ at the station  在车站 ☞ be stationed in / at  被驻扎在…… ☞ （2021 山东卷·短文填空）The fire broke out last night, but the firefighters from the nearby __________ arrived quickly. ☞（2022 江苏卷·单项选择）We’ll meet you ____ the train station at 9 a.m. A. on B. in C. at D. to fire station C palace /ˈpæləs/ n. 王宫；宫殿 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ palace n. 宫殿；豪华大厦 ☞ palatial adj. 宫殿般的；宏伟的 ☞ the Summer Palace  颐和园 ☞ the Palace Museum  故宫博物院 ☞ Buckingham Palace  白金汉宫 ☞ imperial palace  皇宫 ☞ a palatial building  宫殿般宏伟的建筑 ☞ （2023 北京卷·阅读理解）The Palace Museum, also known as the Forbidden City, attracts thousands of visitors every day. ☞（2021 广州卷·单项选择）—Have you ever been to ___ Summer Palace? —Yes, it’s amazing! A. a B. an C. the D. / C accordion /əˈkɔːdiən/ n. 手风琴 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ accordion n. 手风琴 ☞ accordionist n. 手风琴演奏者 ☞ accordion-style adj. 折叠式的 ☞ play the accordion  拉手风琴 ☞ perform on the accordion  用手风琴表演 ☞ ccordion-style file  折叠式文件夹 ☞ （2023 重庆卷·阅读理解）The street musician played the accordion while people danced happily around him. ☞2022 山东卷·完形填空）Maria has taken ___________ lessons for two years and can now play many songs. accordion get together 聚会；相聚 get 常见短语 ☞ get up 起床 ☞ get to 到达（某地） ☞ get on / get off 上/下（车、船、飞机） ☞ get over 克服；战胜（疾病、困难） ☞ get along (with) 与……相处融洽 ☞ get through 通过（考试）；打通电话 ☞ get into 进入；陷入（某种状态） ☞ get lost 迷路 ☞ get ready for 为……做准备 ☞ get better / worse 好转 / 恶化 ☞ get used to 习惯于 tower /ˈtaʊə(r)/ n. 塔；塔楼 forgetful /fəˈɡetfl/ adj. 健忘的；好忘事的 deer /dɪə(r) / n. (pl. deer) 鹿 might /maɪt/ modal v. 可能；可以 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ might modal v. 可能；也许（过去式/委婉） ☞ mighty adj. 强大的；巨大的 ☞ might do sth.  可能会做某事 ☞ might have done  （过去）本来可能已经…… ☞ might as well  不妨；还不如 ☞ （2023 天津卷·单项填空）—Where is Tom? —He ___ be in the library, but I’m not sure. A. must B. might C. can D. should ☞（2022 广东卷·完形填空）If you leave now, you ___ catch the last bus. A. might B. must C. have to D. need B A budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ n. 预算 v. 把……编入预算； 精打细算 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞budget n.：预算；动词：编制预算； adj.：budget 经济的、廉价的（budget airline 廉价航空） ☞ budgetary（预算的，阅读理解偶见）。 ☞ on a budget 在预算有限的情况下 ☞ make / draw up a budget 制定预算 ☞ go over budget 超出预算 ☞ budget for sth. 为……预留预算 ☞ 2023 江苏卷完形：The school trip was cancelled because it went over budget. ☞2022 广东卷阅读：With only 200 yuan left, we had to travel on a tight budget. passport /ˈpɑːspɔːt/ n. 护照 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ passport n. 护照；[C] ☞ passport-sized adj. 护照尺寸的 ☞ apply for a passport 申请护照 ☞ renew one’s passport 续签护照 ☞ passport control 护照检查处 ☞ show / present one’s passport 出示护照 ☞ passport-sized photo 护照规格照片 ☞ 2023 广州卷阅读：Remember to take your passport when you travel abroad. ☞2022 江苏卷完形：At passport control, we had to show our passports and boarding passes. faraway /ˈfɑːrəweɪ, fɑːrə'weɪ/ adj. 远方的；遥远的 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ faraway 形容词，意为“遥远的”；亦可写作 far-away（带连字符） ☞ far away 表示距离上的“远离” ☞ a faraway village 遥远的村庄 ☞ faraway mountains 远山 ☞ araway look 恍惚的神情 ☞ far away from home 离家遥远 ☞ （2023 杭州卷阅读理解）：The story happened in a faraway village where no cars could reach. ☞（2022 天津卷完形填空）：She gave me a faraway look, as if lost in memory. regular /ˈreɡjələ(r)/ adj. 平常的；有规律的 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ regular adj. 有规律的；定期的；普通的 ☞ regularly adv. 有规律地；定期地 ☞ irregular adj. 不规则的；不定期的（否定派生） ☞ regular exercise 规律锻炼 ☞ regular class/meeting 固定班级/例会 ☞ regular customer 常客 ☞ at regular intervals 每隔一定时间 ☞ 2023 上海卷阅读：Doctors say regular exercise helps students stay energetic. ☞2022 广东卷完形：The buses leave at regular intervals, so you don’t have to wait long. countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/ n. 乡村；农村 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ countryside n. 乡村；郊外（不可数名词） ☞ countryside life 乡村生活 ☞ live in the countryside 住在农村 ☞ quiet/peaceful countryside 宁静的乡村 ☞ enjoy the countryside 享受乡村 ☞ protect the countryside 保护乡村环境 ☞ 2023 北京卷阅读：Many people prefer living in the countryside because the air is fresher. ☞2022 江苏卷完形：We spent the weekend cycling along the quiet countryside roads. turn around 转身；翻转 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ turn around 转身；掉头 ☞ turn down 关小（音量）；拒绝 ☞ turn left / right 向左/右转 ☞ turn off/ on 关掉/打开（电源、水龙头） ☞ turn out 结果是；最终证明 ☞ turn over 翻转；移交 ☞ turn to 求助于；翻到（页码） ☞ turn up 调大（音量）；出现 ☞ take turns 轮流 ☞2023 广州卷完形：She turned down the radio so that her grandpa could sleep. ☞2021 山东卷短文填空：Don’t forget to _________ the lights when you leave the classroom. turn off surprised /səˈpraɪzd/ adj. 惊奇的；惊讶的 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ surprise v. 使吃惊；n. 惊喜 / 惊讶（可数/不可数） ☞ surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 ☞ surprised adj. 感到惊讶的 ☞ surprisingly adv. 出乎意料地 ☞ to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是（句首/句中作插入语） ☞ in surprise 惊讶地（副词短语，修饰动词） ☞ be surprised at / by 对……感到惊讶 ☞ in surprise 惊讶地（副词短语，修饰动词） ☞ 2023 广州卷·完形：To our surprise, the shy boy won first prize. ☞2022 江苏卷·阅读：The news was so surprising that everyone cheered. ☞ 2021 山东卷·短文填空：She looked at me in surprise when I gave her the gift. probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv. 很可能；大概 词性转换 常见搭配 中考例句 ☞ probably adv. 大概；很可能 ☞ probable adj. 可能的 ☞ probability n. 可能性（阅读偶见） ☞ quite probably  相当可能 ☞ it is probable that…  很可能…… ☞ 2023 广州卷·完形：He will probably arrive before noon, so let’s wait. ☞2022 江苏卷·阅读：It is probable that the meeting will be put off. ☞ 2021 山东卷·短文填空：With such dark clouds, it will most probably rain. look for 寻找 常见搭配 中考例句 look after 照顾 look ahead 向前看；提前计划 look around 环顾；四处张望 look at 看着 look back 回顾；回头看 look down on 看不起 look for 寻找 look forward to 盼望（后接名词/动名词） look into 调查；向……里面看 look like 看起来像 look out 当心 look over 仔细检查 look through 浏览；看穿 look up to 尊敬 look up 查阅；抬头看；（形势）好转 ☞ 2023 广州卷The police promised to ____ the cause of the accident. A. look after B. look for C. look into D. look out ☞2021 北京卷When you cross the street, please ____ cars. A. look out for B. look after C. look up to D. look at C A Exercise 一、单项选择 1. We'll meet at the town ______ at 9 a.m. to start the tour. A. station B. square C. palace 2. ______ the summer vacation, I visited the Palace Museum. A. While B. For C. During 3. The team celebrated their ______ with cheers and songs. A. victory B. artwork C. budget 4. —Who won the game? —The ______ team. They scored 3 goals. A. German B. Russian C. Japan 5. It's important to ______ pollution for a cleaner world. A. fight for B. fight against C. turn around Exercise 一、单项选择 6. The ______ showed us around the ancient temple and told its history. A. guide B. passport C. accordion 7. ______ of birds fly south for winter every year. A. Hundred B. Thousands C. Million 8. The movie was so moving that it moved many people to ______. A. smiles B. tears C. shouts 9. This photo ______ me of my childhood in the countryside. A. forgets B. reminds C. might 10. —Why are you carrying an umbrella? —It ______ rain later. A. might B. must C. should Exercise 二、词汇填空 1. Tian'anmen ___________ (square) is the heart of Beijing. 2. ___________ (在...期间) the flight, we watched a movie. 3. The soldiers ___________ (fight) bravely in the battle. 4. The dove is a symbol of ___________ (和平). 5. He ___________ (tear) the paper into pieces angrily. 6. Glass breaks ___________ (easy) if dropped. 7. I ___________ (forget) to bring my passport yesterday! 8. She felt ___________ (恶心) after eating too much ice cream. 9. The train ___________ (车站) was crowded with travelers. 10. We visited the Summer ___________ (宫殿) in Beijing. 根据句意和提示填写单词的正确形式（每空一词）： Square During fought peace tore easily forgot sick station Palace Exercise 二、词汇填空 11. Maria plays the ___________ (手风琴) beautifully. 12. Our family _________ _________ (聚会) every Spring Festival. 13. The ___________ (鹿) ran into the forest when it saw us. 14. We need a ___________ (预算) plan for our trip. 15. Don't forget your ___________ (护照) when going abroad. 16. They live in a ___________ (遥远的) village in the mountains. 17. ___________ (规律的) exercise keeps you healthy. 18. I love the fresh air in the ___________ (乡村). 19. To our ___________ (惊讶), he won first prize. 20. —Where's my dictionary? —It's ___________ (可能) on your desk. 根据句意和提示填写单词的正确形式（每空一词）： accordion gets together deer budget passport faraway Regular countryside surprise probably Exercise 三、选词填空 Last winter, our family decided to ________________ for a trip to St. Petersburg. _________ the journey, my sister felt ______ on the plane, but she soon recovered. We visited the Winter ___________ first. A friendly _______ told us about its history. She explained how Russian soldiers once _________ bravely _________ invaders in this city. Their final __________ moved us to __________. The trip __________ me of the importance of peace. Standing in the grand square, I realized how precious freedom is. It was an unforgettable holiday! 用以下词汇补全短文（每词限用一次，需变形） guide, during, fight, against, victory, tear, remind, sick, palace, get together get together During sick guide fought against victory tears reminded Palace $$