内容正文:
2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(北师大版2024)
Unit 4 Role Models重点词汇
必备知识清单
重点单词释义
1. soldier (n.)军人,士兵
【用法释义】指在军队中服役的人员,可泛指各军种士兵,也可特指陆军士兵,复数形式为soldiers,常与“in the army”“serve as”等搭配使用。
【常用搭配】private soldier(列兵);soldier on(坚持下去,继续努力);serve as a soldier(当兵)
【用法举例】
1. The young man joined the army and became a soldier last year.(这个年轻人去年参军,成为了一名士兵。)
2. Even though he was tired, the soldier kept walking to reach the destination.(尽管很累,这名士兵仍继续前行,只为抵达目的地。)
3. My uncle used to be a soldier and fought in a famous battle.(我叔叔曾经是一名士兵,参加过一场著名的战役。)
2. admire (vt.)钦佩,仰慕;欣赏
【用法释义】及物动词,后必须接宾语(人/物/动名词),不可单独使用;表达“因某事钦佩某人”时,需用“admire sb. for sth.”结构,无被动语态。
【常用搭配】admire sb. for sth.(因某事钦佩某人);admire sth.(欣赏某物);admire doing sth.(钦佩做某事)
【用法举例】
1. We all admire her for her selfless dedication to helping the poor.(我们都因她无私奉献帮助穷人而钦佩她。)
2. He often goes to the art museum to admire the works of famous painters.(他经常去美术馆欣赏著名画家的作品。)
3. I admire people who never give up when facing difficulties.(我钦佩那些面对困难从不放弃的人。)
3. army (n.)陆上作战军队,陆军部队;(统称)军队
【用法释义】可数名词,特指“陆军”时首字母可小写,泛指“军队”时常用“the army”;表示“参军”用“join the army”,不可说“join an army”。
【常用搭配】join the army(参军);the Red Army(红军,专有名词除外,此处为普通搭配);army officer(军官)
【用法举例】
1. His father served in the army for eight years and retired last month.(他父亲在军队服役了八年,上个月退休了。)
2. The army was sent to the disaster area to help people rebuild their homes.(军队被派往灾区,帮助人们重建家园。)
3. Many young people dream of joining the army to protect their country.(许多年轻人梦想参军保卫自己的国家。)
4. selfless (adj.)无私的
【用法释义】形容词,用于修饰人或人的行为,强调“不考虑个人利益、为他人着想”,反义词为“selfish(自私的)”,常作定语或表语。
【常用搭配】selfless love(无私的爱);selfless dedication(无私的奉献);be selfless in sth.(在某事上无私)
【用法举例】
1. The doctor showed selfless devotion to saving patients during the epidemic.(疫情期间,这位医生为拯救病人表现出无私的奉献精神。)
2. Her selfless help made it possible for us to finish the project on time.(她无私的帮助让我们得以按时完成项目。)
3. A selfless person always thinks more about others than about himself.(无私的人总是为别人着想多于为自己。)
5. X-ray (n.)X射线,X光;X光照片
【用法释义】可数名词,可指“X射线”(不可数,需通过量词表达数量,如“a dose of X-ray”),也可指“X光照片”(可数,复数为X-rays);常用搭配为“have an X-ray”(拍X光片)。
【常用搭配】have an X-ray(拍X光片);X-ray machine(X光机);take an X-ray of sth.(给某物拍X光)
【用法举例】
1. The doctor asked him to have an X-ray to check if his arm was broken.(医生让他拍X光片,检查手臂是否骨折。)
2. This X-ray clearly shows the problem in his chest.(这张X光片清楚地显示了他胸部的问题。)
3. The hospital bought a new X-ray machine to improve medical services.(医院买了一台新的X光机,以改善医疗服务。)
6. bridge (n.)桥,桥梁;(比喻)纽带,桥梁
【用法释义】可数名词,可指实际跨越河流、道路的“桥”,也可比喻“连接两者的纽带”;表示“过桥”用“cross a bridge”,“建桥”用“build a bridge”。
【常用搭配】cross a bridge(过桥);build a bridge(建桥);a bridge between A and B(A和B之间的桥梁/纽带)
【用法举例】
1. We walked across the old stone bridge over the river to the village.(我们走过河上那座古老的石桥,前往村庄。)
2. The government plans to build a new bridge to connect the two cities.(政府计划建一座新桥连接这两个城市。)
3. Language can be a bridge between different cultures.(语言可以成为不同文化之间的纽带。)
7. iron (n.)铁(金属);熨斗
【用法释义】不可数名词(指“铁”时,如“a piece of iron”),可数名词(指“熨斗”时,复数为irons);无动词含义(文档中仅标注n.),常与“made of”“electric”等搭配。
【常用搭配】a piece of iron(一块铁);electric iron(电熨斗);cast iron(铸铁)
【用法举例】
1. This desk is made of iron, so it’s very heavy.(这张桌子是铁做的,所以很重。)
2. She used an electric iron to press her dress before the party.(派对前,她用电熨斗熨了连衣裙。)
3. The worker found a rusty piece of iron in the old factory.(工人在旧工厂里发现了一块生锈的铁。)
8. chain (n.)链子,链条;一连串,一系列
【用法释义】可数名词,可指具体的“链子”(如金属链),也可指抽象的“一连串事件、事物”;表示“一连串”时用“a chain of”结构。
【常用搭配】a chain of(一连串的);chain reaction(连锁反应);gold chain(金链子)
【用法举例】
1. He used a strong chain to lock his bicycle to the tree.(他用一条结实的链子把自行车锁在树上。)
2. A chain of car accidents happened on the icy road this morning.(今天早上,结冰的路上发生了一连串车祸。)
3. My grandmother wears a silver chain with a small pendant around her neck.(我奶奶脖子上戴着一条银链,上面挂着一个小吊坠。)
9. wooden (adj.)木制的,木头的
【用法释义】形容词,仅作定语(不可作表语,表语需用“made of wood”),用于修饰由木头制成的物品,无比较级和最高级。
【常用搭配】wooden table(木桌);wooden chair(木椅);wooden house(木屋)
【用法举例】
1. There is a small wooden shelf on the wall of my bedroom.(我卧室的墙上有一个小 wooden 架子。)
2. The children played with wooden blocks in the kindergarten.(孩子们在幼儿园里玩木制积木。)
3. They built a simple wooden house in the countryside for holidays.(他们在乡下建了一间简朴的木屋,用于度假。)
10. board (n.)板,木板;(机构的)委员会,董事会;黑板(口语)
【用法释义】可数名词,含义需根据语境判断;表示“在交通工具上”用“on board”,“董事会会议”用“board meeting”。
【常用搭配】on board(在船/飞机/火车上);board meeting(董事会会议);wooden board(木板)
【用法举例】
1. He cut a large wooden board into several small pieces with a saw.(他用锯子把一块大木板切成了几块小的。)
2. The school board will discuss the new teaching plan next Monday.(学校董事会下周一将讨论新的教学计划。)
3. All passengers must be on board 30 minutes before the plane takes off.(所有乘客必须在飞机起飞前30分钟登机。)
11. knee (n.)膝,膝盖
【用法释义】可数名词,指人体膝关节部位;表示“跪下”用“on one’s knees”,“膝盖疼”用“knee pain”。
【常用搭配】on one’s knees(跪下;屈服);knee pain(膝盖疼痛);bend one’s knee(屈膝)
【用法举例】
1. She fell down while running and scraped her knee.(她跑步时摔倒了,擦伤了膝盖。)
2. The old man got down on his knees to pick up the fallen leaves.(老人跪下捡起落叶。)
3. He has been suffering from knee pain since he played basketball last week.(自从上周打篮球后,他就一直膝盖疼。)
12. boiling (adj.)沸腾的;炽热的
【用法释义】形容词,修饰液体时表示“沸腾的”(如“boiling water”),修饰天气、环境时表示“炎热的”(如“boiling weather”);由动词“boil(沸腾)”转化而来。
【常用搭配】boiling water(沸水);boiling point(沸点);boiling hot(滚烫的,酷热的)
【用法举例】
1. Please pour some boiling water into the cup to make tea.(请往杯子里倒些沸水泡茶。)
2. We stayed at home because of the boiling weather yesterday.(昨天天气酷热,我们待在了家里。)
3. The water reached boiling point after being heated for five minutes.(水加热五分钟后达到了沸点。)
13. publish (vt.)出版,发行;发表;刊登,登载
【用法释义】及物动词,后接书籍、文章、杂志等作宾语,主语可为人(作者)或机构(出版社、报社);无被动语态(主动表被动,如“His book was published last year”)。
【常用搭配】publish a book(出版一本书);publish an article(发表一篇文章);publish a magazine(发行杂志)
【用法举例】
1. The publishing house will publish his new novel in October.(这家出版社将于10月出版他的新小说。)
2. She published a research paper in a famous science journal.(她在一本著名的科学期刊上发表了一篇研究论文。)
3. The local newspaper published a report about the city’s environmental protection.(当地报纸刊登了一篇关于该市环境保护的报道。)
14. enemy (n.)敌人,仇敌;敌军
【用法释义】可数名词,指个人的“敌人”或国家/军队的“敌军”,复数为enemies,反义词为“friend(朋友)”;表示“树敌”用“make an enemy”。
【常用搭配】public enemy(公敌);enemy army(敌军);make an enemy(树敌)
【用法举例】
1. He has no enemies because he is always kind to everyone.(他没有敌人,因为他对所有人都很友善。)
2. The soldiers fought bravely against the enemy to protect their homeland.(士兵们勇敢地抗击敌军,保卫家园。)
3. You shouldn’t argue with him angrily—you might make an enemy.(你不该生气地和他争吵,可能会树敌。)
15. arrive (vi.)到达,抵达
【用法释义】不及物动词,后不可直接接宾语;接小地方(车站、学校、商店)用“arrive at”,接大地方(城市、国家、省份)用“arrive in”;接副词(here/there/home)时无需加介词。
【常用搭配】arrive at(到达小地方);arrive in(到达大地方);arrive on time(准时到达)
【用法举例】
1. We will arrive in Shanghai at 9:00 tomorrow morning.(我们明天早上9点到达上海。)
2. She arrived at the bus stop just as the bus was leaving.(她到达公交站时,公交车正要开走。)
3. The train arrived late because of the heavy snow.(由于大雪,火车晚点到达了。)
16. offer (vt.)主动提出,主动分担;主动提供;供应
【用法释义】及物动词,常见搭配有“offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事)”“offer sb. sth.(给某人提供某物)”“offer sth. to sb.(把某物提供给某人)”,无被动语态。
【常用搭配】offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事);offer sb. help(给某人提供帮助);offer a job(提供一份工作)
【用法举例】
1. He offered to carry the heavy suitcase for the old lady.(他主动提出帮老太太提沉重的行李箱。)
2. The company offered her a good position with a high salary.(这家公司给她提供了一个薪水很高的好职位。)
3. The hotel offers free breakfast to all its guests.(这家酒店为所有客人提供免费早餐。)
17. fire (vt.&vi. / n.)
### (1)fire (vt.&vi.)射击,开火,开枪;点燃,点火
【用法释义】不及物动词(“射击”,如“fire at sb.”),及物动词(“点燃/开枪”,如“fire a gun”);过去式和过去分词均为“fired”。
【常用搭配】fire at(向……射击);fire a gun(开枪);fire a match(划火柴)
### (2)fire (n.)火;火灾;炉火
【用法释义】不可数名词(“火/火灾”,如“a big fire”),可数名词(“炉火”,如“a warm fire”);表示“着火”用“on fire”,“灭火”用“put out a fire”。
### 例句
1. The police warned the thief not to move, or they would fire.(警察警告小偷不许动,否则他们就开枪。)(vi.)
2. He fired a signal flare to ask for help.(他发射了一枚信号弹求救。)(vt.)
3. A small fire broke out in the kitchen, but it was put out quickly.(厨房里起了一场小火,但很快就被扑灭了。)(n.)
18. bridgehead (n.)桥头堡(军事术语,指进攻方在敌方阵地建立的临时据点)
【用法释义】可数名词,主要用于军事场景,指军队渡河/渡海后在对岸建立的“临时作战据点”;也可用于比喻义“初步成果、基础”(较少见)。
【常用搭配】establish a bridgehead(建立桥头堡);defend a bridgehead(保卫桥头堡);expand a bridgehead(扩大桥头堡)
【用法举例】
1. The soldiers fought hard to establish a bridgehead on the other side of the river.(士兵们奋力作战,在河对岸建立了桥头堡。)
2. It took the army two days to take control of the enemy’s bridgehead.(军队花了两天时间控制了敌人的桥头堡。)
3. The general ordered his men to strengthen the bridgehead to prevent enemy attacks.(将军命令士兵加固桥头堡,防止敌人进攻。)
19. shoot (vt.&vi.)开(枪或其他武器),射击,发射;射(箭);拍摄(照片、电影)
【用法释义】及物动词(接武器/箭/照片,如“shoot a gun”“shoot a photo”),不及物动词(“射击”,如“shoot at sb.”);注意“shoot sb.”表示“射中某人”,“shoot at sb.”表示“向某人射击(不一定射中)”,过去式为“shot”,过去分词为“shot”。
【常用搭配】shoot at(向……射击);shoot a photo(拍照片);shoot a film(拍电影)
【用法举例】
1. He shot the target with a bow and arrow and got a perfect score.(他用弓箭射中靶心,得了满分。)(vt.)
2. The photographer shot many beautiful photos during his trip to the mountains.(摄影师在山区旅行时拍了很多漂亮的照片。)(vt.)
3. The hunter shot at the deer, but it ran away quickly.(猎人向鹿开枪,但鹿很快逃走了。)(vi.)
20. gun (n.)枪,炮
【用法释义】可数名词,指各类枪械或小型火炮,复数为guns;表示“持枪”用“hold a gun”,“开枪”用“fire a gun”,“机关枪”为“machine gun”(短语)。
【常用搭配】hold a gun(持枪);fire a gun(开枪);machine gun(机关枪)
【用法举例】
1. Only police and soldiers are allowed to carry a gun in this country.(在这个国家,只有警察和士兵可以持枪。)
2. He learned how to use a gun during his military training.(他在军训期间学会了使用枪。)
3. The police found a hidden gun in the criminal’s house.(警察在罪犯的房子里发现了一把隐藏的枪。)
21. drop (vt.&vi.)落下,掉下;放弃;使落下,使掉下
【用法释义】及物动词(“使落下/放弃”,如“drop a book”“drop a plan”),不及物动词(“落下”,如“The rain dropped”);过去式和过去分词均为“dropped”。
【常用搭配】drop off(掉下;入睡);drop out(辍学);drop by(顺便拜访)
【用法举例】
1. She dropped her phone on the ground when she was running for the bus.(她赶公交车时,手机掉在了地上。)(vt.)
2. The temperature dropped below zero last night.(昨晚气温降到了零度以下。)(vi.)
3. He decided to drop his plan to study abroad because of his family.(由于家庭原因,他决定放弃出国学习的计划。)(vt.)
22. fight (vt.&vi.)打仗,战斗;搏斗,打架;努力争取
【用法释义】可作及物或不及物动词。作及物动词时,后接宾语(如敌人、困难等);作不及物动词时,常与介词for(为……而战)、against(对抗……)、with(和……打架/并肩作战)搭配。过去式和过去分词均为fought。
【常用搭配】fight for freedom(为自由而战);fight against illness(与疾病作斗争);fight with sb.(和某人打架/与某人并肩作战)
【用法举例】
1. Soldiers fight for their country every day.(士兵们每天都在为国家战斗。)
2. She has been fighting against cancer for two years.(她已经和癌症抗争了两年。)
3. The two brothers fought with each other because of a small argument.(这对兄弟因为一场小争执打了起来。)
23. human being (n.)人,人类(强调与动物、机器等的区别)
【用法释义】可数名词,单复数同形(单数为a human being,复数为human beings),常用来泛指人类整体或单个的人,较正式。
【常用搭配】all human beings(所有人类);a normal human being(一个普通人);human being's responsibility(人类的责任)
【用法举例】
1. Every human being has the right to pursue happiness.(每个人都有追求幸福的权利。)
2. Human beings have made great progress in science and technology.(人类在科技领域取得了巨大进步。)
3. It's important for us to protect the environment for future human beings.(为未来的人类保护好环境对我们来说很重要。)
24. god (n.)神;上帝(首字母大写God时,特指基督教等宗教中的上帝)
【用法释义】可数名词(表示“神”时,复数为gods)。表示特定宗教中的“上帝”时,首字母必须大写,且为单数概念。
【常用搭配】Greek gods(希腊诸神);believe in God(信仰上帝);thank God(感谢上帝)
【用法举例】
1. In ancient myths, there are many powerful gods.(在古代神话中,有许多强大的神。)
2. He prays to God every night before going to bed.(他每晚睡前都会向上帝祈祷。)
3. Thank God, we finally arrived at the destination safely.(感谢上帝,我们终于安全抵达了目的地。)
25. tear (vt. / vi. / n.)
### (1)tear (vt.&vi.)拉掉,撕掉;撕裂,撕碎
【用法释义】作动词时,过去式为tore,过去分词为torn。可作及物动词(后接宾语,如纸张、衣服等),也可作不及物动词(如布料容易撕裂)。
【常用搭配】tear a piece of paper(撕一张纸);tear up a letter(撕碎一封信);tear easily(容易撕裂)
### (2)tear (n.)眼泪,泪水
【用法释义】可数名词,常用复数形式tears。常与动词shed(流眼泪)、wipe(擦眼泪)搭配。
【常用搭配】shed tears(流泪);wipe away tears(擦掉眼泪);tears of joy(喜悦的泪水)
### 例句
1. She tore the old photo into small pieces angrily.(她生气地把旧照片撕成了碎片。)(vt.)
2. The paper is thin and tears easily.(这张纸很薄,很容易撕裂。)(vi.)
3. Tears rolled down her face when she heard the sad news.(听到这个悲伤的消息,眼泪从她脸上滚落。)(n.)
26. replace (vt.)代替;(用……)替换
【用法释义】及物动词,后接宾语,常用搭配为replace A with B(用B代替A),表示“把A换成B”。
【常用搭配】replace old equipment(更换旧设备);replace sugar with honey(用蜂蜜代替糖);be replaced by(被……代替)
【用法举例】
1. We need to replace the broken window before winter comes.(我们需要在冬天来临前换掉破窗户。)
2. She replaced the old furniture with new ones to make the room brighter.(她用新家具换掉了旧家具,让房间更明亮。)
3. Traditional books will not be completely replaced by e-books.(传统书籍不会被电子书完全取代。)
27. itself (pron.)它自己(反身代词,指代单数事物或动物)
【用法释义】反身代词,可作宾语、表语或同位语,用来强调主语或宾语,主语必须是单数第三人称的事物或动物。
【常用搭配】by itself(独自地,自动地);enjoy itself(玩得开心,用于动物或事物拟人化);hurt itself(弄伤自己)
【用法举例】
1. The machine can start by itself when the power is on.(通电后,这台机器能自动启动。)
2. The cat washed itself carefully after eating.(这只猫吃完东西后认真地给自己梳理毛发。)
3. The city itself has changed a lot in the past ten years.(这座城市本身在过去十年里发生了很大变化。)
28. ourselves (pron.)我们自己(反身代词,指代主语“我们”)
【用法释义】反身代词,主语必须是we或us,可作宾语、表语或同位语,用于强调“我们自己”,也可表示“亲自”。
【常用搭配】by ourselves(独自地);enjoy ourselves(玩得开心);hurt ourselves(弄伤我们自己)
【用法举例】
1. We cooked dinner by ourselves instead of ordering takeout.(我们没有点外卖,而是自己做了晚饭。)
2. We really enjoyed ourselves at the party last night.(昨晚我们在派对上玩得非常开心。)
3. We should take care of ourselves when we are away from home.(离家在外时,我们要照顾好自己。)
29. stick (vt.&vi.)粘贴,粘住;卡住;坚持(后接to时表“坚持”)
【用法释义】作“粘贴、卡住”时,过去式和过去分词为stuck;作“坚持”时,需与介词to搭配(stick to),后接名词、代词或动名词。
【常用搭配】stick a stamp on the envelope(在信封上贴邮票);stick in the mud(陷在泥里,卡住);stick to one's dream(坚持自己的梦想)
【用法举例】
1. She stuck the photo on the wall with tape.(她用胶带把照片粘在了墙上。)
2. The car stuck in the snow and couldn't move.(汽车陷在雪里,动不了了。)
3. He always sticks to his promises, so everyone trusts him.(他总是信守承诺,所以大家都信任他。)
30. voluntary (adj.)志愿的,自愿性的,义务性的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰名词(如工作、服务、行为等),表示“非强迫的、自愿的”。名词形式为volunteer(志愿者)。
【常用搭配】voluntary work(志愿工作);voluntary service(志愿服务);voluntary help(自愿帮助)
【用法举例】
1. Many students take part in voluntary work during their holidays.(许多学生在假期参与志愿工作。)
2. His offer to help is voluntary, not required by anyone.(他主动提出帮忙是自愿的,没有人强迫他。)
3. The hospital needs more people to do voluntary service for the patients.(这家医院需要更多人为病人提供志愿服务。)
31. quality (n.)人品,素质;质量,品质
【用法释义】可数或不可数名词。表示“人品、素质”时,常用复数形式qualities;表示“质量”时,为不可数名词(侧重事物的优劣程度)。
【常用搭配】good quality(优质);poor quality(劣质);personal qualities(个人素质)
【用法举例】
1. This brand of clothes is famous for its good quality.(这个牌子的衣服以质量好而闻名。)
2. Honesty and kindness are important personal qualities.(诚实和善良是重要的个人素质。)
3. The company has improved the quality of its products to meet customers' needs.(为了满足顾客需求,这家公司提高了产品质量。)
32. cheerful (adj.)快乐的,高兴的,兴高采烈的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰人或人的表情、态度等,强调“情绪积极、让人感到愉快”。副词形式为cheerfully。
【常用搭配】a cheerful smile(愉快的微笑);be cheerful about sth.(对某事感到乐观);cheerful mood(愉快的心情)
【用法举例】
1. She always has a cheerful smile on her face, which makes others happy.(她脸上总是挂着愉快的笑容,让别人也感到开心。)
2. He is cheerful about the future, even though he faced many difficulties.(尽管面临很多困难,他对未来仍然很乐观。)
3. The cheerful music made everyone want to dance.(欢快的音乐让每个人都想跳舞。)
33. hard-working (adj.)工作努力的,辛勤的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,用于修饰人,强调“勤奋、努力工作或学习”,由“hard(努力地)+ working(工作的)”构成。
【常用搭配】a hard-working student(勤奋的学生);be hard-working at sth.(在某事上努力);hard-working people(勤劳的人们)
【用法举例】
1. My deskmate is a hard-working girl who always gets good grades.(我的同桌是个勤奋的女孩,成绩总是很好。)
2. He is hard-working at his job, so he was promoted last month.(他工作很努力,所以上个月升职了。)
3. Hard-working farmers get good harvests every year.(勤劳的农民每年都能获得好收成。)
34. organised (adj.)有条理的,有效率的;有组织的,系统的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰人(表示“有条理的”)或事物(表示“有组织的”),动词形式为organise(组织)。
【常用搭配】an organised person(有条理的人);organised activities(有组织的活动);be organised in one's work(工作有条理)
【用法举例】
1. She is very organised, and her desk is always clean and tidy.(她很有条理,桌子总是干净整洁。)
2. The school held an organised trip to the museum last week.(上周学校组织了一次有计划的博物馆参观活动。)
3. An organised plan can help us finish the task more efficiently.(一个有条理的计划能帮助我们更高效地完成任务。)
35. focused (adj.)注意力集中的;目标明确的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰人或人的状态、计划等,常与介词on搭配(be focused on,表示“专注于……”),动词形式为focus(集中注意力)。
【常用搭配】a focused student(注意力集中的学生);be focused on study(专注于学习);focused goals(明确的目标)
【用法举例】
1. He is very focused when he is reading, and he doesn't hear anything around him.(他读书时非常专注,听不到周围的任何声音。)
2. We need to be focused on our tasks to finish them on time.(我们需要专注于任务,才能按时完成。)
3. Her focused efforts helped her achieve her dream of becoming a doctor.(她专注的努力帮助她实现了成为医生的梦想。)
36. pick (vt.)选择,挑选;采,摘
【用法释义】及物动词,后接宾语(如水果、蔬菜、物品、人等)。表示“挑选”时,强调从多个选项中选出;表示“采摘”时,常搭配水果、花朵等。
【常用搭配】pick apples(摘苹果);pick a gift(挑选礼物);pick sb. as(选某人为……)
【用法举例】
1. My mother went to the garden to pick some fresh tomatoes this morning.(妈妈今天早上到菜园摘了些新鲜的西红柿。)
2. He picked a blue shirt to wear to the party.(他选了一件蓝色衬衫去参加派对。)
3. The teacher picked Tom as the leader of the group.(老师选汤姆当小组组长。)
37. hike (vt.&vi. / n.)
### (1)hike (vt.&vi.)去……远足,做徒步旅行
【用法释义】作动词时,可作及物或不及物动词。作不及物动词时,常与介词in(在……地方远足)搭配;作及物动词时,后接地点名词(如mountain、trail等)。
### (2)hike (n.)远足,徒步旅行
【用法释义】可数名词,常与动词go on(进行远足)、take(进行远足)搭配。
【常用搭配】hike in the mountains(在山里远足);go on a hike(去远足);a two-day hike(两天的远足)
### 例句
1. We plan to hike in the national park this weekend.(我们计划这周末去国家公园远足。)(vi.)
2. They hiked the famous trail last summer and took many photos.(去年夏天他们徒步走了那条著名的路线,拍了很多照片。)(vt.)
3. My family and I went on a short hike near the lake yesterday.(昨天我和家人去湖边进行了一次短途远足。)(n.)
38. advice (n.)劝告,忠告,建议,意见
【用法释义】不可数名词,不能直接用不定冠词a修饰,表示“一条建议”需用a piece of advice;常用搭配为give sb. advice(给某人建议)、take sb.'s advice(采纳某人的建议)、ask for advice(征求建议)。
【常用搭配】give advice on sth.(就某事给出建议);take one's advice(采纳某人的建议);a piece of advice(一条建议)
【用法举例】
1. My teacher gave me some useful advice on how to learn English well.(老师就如何学好英语给了我一些有用的建议。)
2. You should take your parents' advice and think carefully before making a decision.(你应该采纳父母的建议,做决定前仔细考虑。)
3. She asked her friend for advice about choosing a major in college.(她就大学选专业的事向朋友征求建议。)
39. wheel (n.)轮,车轮,轮子
【用法释义】可数名词,常与介词on(在……轮子上)、of(……的轮子)搭配,复数形式为wheels。
【常用搭配】car wheels(汽车轮子);a wheel of a bike(自行车轮子);on wheels(用轮子移动的,带轮子的)
【用法举例】
1. The bike has a flat wheel, so we can't ride it today.(这辆自行车的一个轮子瘪了,今天没法骑了。)
2. He helped his father fix the broken wheel of the cart.(他帮爸爸修好了手推车的破轮子。)
3. This suitcase is on wheels, so it's easy to carry.(这个行李箱带轮子,拿起来很方便。)
40. basic (adj.)基本的,基础的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰名词(如知识、技能、需求等),表示“构成基础的、必不可少的”,副词形式为basically。
【常用搭配】basic knowledge(基础知识);basic skills(基本技能);basic needs(基本需求)
【用法举例】
1. You need to learn some basic computer skills for this job.(这份工作需要你掌握一些基本的电脑技能。)
2. The course will teach you the basic principles of physics.(这门课会教你物理学的基本原理。)
3. Food, water and shelter are the basic needs of human beings.(食物、水和住所是人类的基本需求。)
41. healthcare (n.)医疗(服务)
【用法释义】不可数名词,指为维护和改善健康而提供的医疗服务体系或相关服务,常与形容词(如good、public等)搭配。
【常用搭配】public healthcare(公共医疗服务);improve healthcare(改善医疗服务);access to healthcare(获得医疗服务的机会)
【用法举例】
1. The government is trying to improve the healthcare system in rural areas.(政府正努力改善农村地区的医疗服务体系。)
2. Good healthcare is important for people's quality of life.(良好的医疗服务对人们的生活质量很重要。)
3. Many people in poor countries don't have easy access to healthcare.(贫困国家的很多人无法轻易获得医疗服务。)
42. medical (adj.)医学的,医疗的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语,修饰名词(如人员、设备、服务、研究等),表示“与医学或医疗相关的”,名词形式为medicine(医学、药)。
【常用搭配】medical workers(医务工作者);medical equipment(医疗设备);medical research(医学研究)
【用法举例】
1. Many medical workers went to the disaster area to help the injured.(许多医务工作者前往灾区帮助伤员。)
2. The hospital bought some new medical equipment to treat patients better.(这家医院购买了一些新的医疗设备,以便更好地治疗病人。)
3. She is studying medical science at university and wants to be a doctor.(她在大学学习医学,想成为一名医生。)
43. struggle (vi.)奋斗,努力,争取;斗争,抗争
【用法释义】不及物动词,常与介词for(为……奋斗)、against(与……斗争)搭配,后接名词或代词,表示“为实现目标而努力”或“对抗困难、敌人等”。
【常用搭配】struggle for success(为成功奋斗);struggle against poverty(与贫困作斗争);struggle to do sth.(努力做某事)
【用法举例】
1. He struggled for many years to achieve his dream of becoming a singer.(他为了实现成为歌手的梦想奋斗了很多年。)
2. The family is struggling against a serious illness.(这个家庭正在与一种重病抗争。)
3. She struggled to carry the heavy box up the stairs.(她努力把沉重的箱子搬上楼梯。)
44. painful (adj.)令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰名词(如经历、记忆、伤口等),表示“带来身体疼痛或心理痛苦的”,副词形式为painfully。
【常用搭配】a painful experience(痛苦的经历);painful memories(痛苦的回忆);a painful wound(疼痛的伤口)
【用法举例】
1. The loss of her mother was a painful experience for her.(母亲的离世对她来说是一段痛苦的经历。)
2. His leg was painful after he fell off the bike.(从自行车上摔下来后,他的腿很疼。)
3. It's painful to see her best friend leave the city.(看到最好的朋友离开这座城市,她很难过。)
45. faraway (adj.)遥远的
【用法释义】形容词,仅作定语,修饰名词(如地方、国家、声音等),表示“距离远的”,不能作表语(表语需用far away,分开写)。
【常用搭配】a faraway country(遥远的国家);faraway places(遥远的地方);a faraway voice(遥远的声音)
【用法举例】
1. She dreams of traveling to faraway countries when she grows up.(她梦想长大后去遥远的国家旅行。)
2. We could see the lights of a faraway village in the dark.(在黑暗中,我们能看到遥远村庄的灯光。)
3. He received a letter from his friend who lives in a faraway city.(他收到了来自住在遥远城市的朋友的信。)
46. graduation (n.)毕业;毕业典礼
【用法释义】不可数名词(表示“毕业”这一行为)或可数名词(表示“毕业典礼”,复数为graduations),常与介词from(从……毕业)搭配,动词形式为graduate(毕业)。
【常用搭配】graduation from high school(高中毕业);attend a graduation(参加毕业典礼);graduation ceremony(毕业典礼)
【用法举例】
1. After graduation from college, he found a job in a big company.(大学毕业后,他在一家大公司找到了工作。)
2. All parents were invited to attend their children's graduation.(所有家长都被邀请参加孩子的毕业典礼。)
3. The school will hold a graduation ceremony next week.(学校下周将举行毕业典礼。)
47. workplace (n.)工作场所
【用法释义】可数名词,指人们工作的地方(如办公室、工厂、车间等),复数形式为workplaces,常与形容词(如safe、clean等)搭配。
【常用搭配】a safe workplace(安全的工作场所);clean the workplace(打扫工作场所);improve the workplace environment(改善工作场所环境)
【用法举例】
1. All employees must follow the rules of the workplace.(所有员工都必须遵守工作场所的规定。)
2. The company provides a comfortable workplace for its workers.(这家公司为员工提供舒适的工作场所。)
3. We should keep the workplace clean to stay healthy.(我们应该保持工作场所整洁,以保持健康。)
48. provide (vt.)提供;供应;给予
【用法释义】及物动词,常用搭配为provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb.,表示“给某人提供某物”,不能直接接双宾语(不能说provide sb. sth.)。
【常用搭配】provide food and water(提供食物和水);provide sb. with help(给某人提供帮助);provide sth. for the poor(为穷人提供某物)
【用法举例】
1. The hotel provides free breakfast for all guests.(这家酒店为所有客人提供免费早餐。)
2. Parents should provide their children with a happy family environment.(父母应该给孩子提供一个幸福的家庭环境。)
3. The organization provides medical care for people in poor areas.(这个组织为贫困地区的人们提供医疗服务。)
49. area (n.)地区,地域;面积;领域
【用法释义】可数名词,含义需根据语境判断。表示“地区”时,指特定的地理区域;表示“面积”时,为不可数名词(需用单位修饰,如a large area of);表示“领域”时,指知识、工作等方面的范围。
【常用搭配】rural areas(农村地区);a large area of land(一大片土地);the area of science(科学领域)
【用法举例】
1. This area is famous for its beautiful beaches.(这个地区以美丽的海滩而闻名。)
2. The park covers an area of 50 square kilometers.(这个公园占地面积为50平方公里。)
3. She is an expert in the area of environmental protection.(她是环境保护领域的专家。)
50. van (n.)客货车,厢式送货车
【用法释义】可数名词,指用于运输人员(小型客货车)或货物(厢式货车)的车辆,复数形式为vans。
【常用搭配】a delivery van(送货车);a passenger van(客货车);drive a van(开客货车)
【用法举例】
1. The company uses a van to deliver goods to customers every day.(这家公司每天用厢式货车给客户送货。)
2. We rented a small van to take our luggage when we moved house.(搬家时,我们租了一辆小型客货车装行李。)
3. The van broke down on the road, so we had to call for help.(客货车在路上抛锚了,我们只好打电话求助。)
51. solar (adj.)太阳能的,太阳的
【用法释义】形容词,仅作定语,修饰名词(如能量、系统、电池等),表示“与太阳相关的,利用太阳能的”。
【常用搭配】solar energy(太阳能);solar system(太阳系);solar panels(太阳能电池板)
【用法举例】
1. Many families are using solar energy to heat their houses.(很多家庭正在使用太阳能为房子供暖。)
2. We learned about the solar system in our science class.(我们在科学课上学习了太阳系的知识。)
3. The school installed solar panels on the roof to save electricity.(学校在屋顶安装了太阳能电池板以节约用电。)
52. system (n.)系统;制度,体系
【用法释义】可数名词,指由相互关联的部分组成的“系统”(如电脑系统、生态系统),或社会、组织中的“制度、体系”(如教育制度、医疗体系),复数形式为systems。
【常用搭配】computer system(电脑系统);education system(教育制度);ecosystem(生态系统)
【用法举例】
1. The computer system broke down, so we couldn't work today.(电脑系统出故障了,我们今天无法工作。)
2. Different countries have different education systems.(不同的国家有不同的教育制度。)
3. We should protect the ecosystem to keep the environment healthy.(我们应该保护生态系统,以维持环境的健康。)
53. possible (adj.)可能的,能做到的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,反义词为impossible(不可能的)。常用句型为It is possible for sb. to do sth.(某人做某事是可能的),或It is possible that...(……是可能的)。
【常用搭配】as soon as possible(尽快);make it possible(使……成为可能);possible solution(可能的解决方案)
【用法举例】
1. It is possible for us to finish the project in three days.(我们有可能在三天内完成这个项目。)
2. Please call me back as soon as possible.(请尽快给我回电话。)
3. They are trying to find a possible solution to the problem.(他们正在努力寻找这个问题的可能解决方案。)
54. task (n.)任务,工作;活动
【用法释义】可数名词,指需要完成的具体“任务、工作”,常与动词(如finish、complete、assign等)搭配,复数形式为tasks。
【常用搭配】daily tasks(日常任务);complete a task(完成任务);assign a task(分配任务)
【用法举例】
1. The teacher assigned us a new task to write an essay.(老师给我们分配了一项新任务——写一篇文章。)
2. We need to finish this task before the end of the day.(我们需要在今天结束前完成这项任务。)
3. Doing housework is one of her daily tasks.(做家务是她的日常任务之一。)
55. complete (vt. / adj.)
### (1)complete (vt.)完成,结束
【用法释义】及物动词,后接宾语(如任务、项目、作品等),表示“使某事完成或结束”,过去式和过去分词均为completed。
### (2)complete (adj.)全部的,完整的,整个的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰名词(如作品、时间、数量等),表示“没有缺少部分的”,副词形式为completely(完全地)。
【常用搭配】complete a project(完成一个项目);a complete set of books(一整套书);be complete(完整的,已完成的)
### 例句
1. He worked day and night to complete the design on time.(他日夜工作,以便按时完成设计。)(vt.)
2. The building will be complete next year.(这栋楼明年将竣工。)(adj.)
3. She has a complete collection of the author's works.(她收藏了这位作家的全部作品。)(adj.)
56. updated (adj.)更新的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰名词(如信息、数据、文件等),表示“已更新、包含最新内容的”,动词形式为update(更新)。
【常用搭配】updated information(最新信息);updated data(更新的数据);keep sth. updated(保持某物为最新状态)
【用法举例】
1. Please check the website for updated information about the event.(请查看网站获取该活动的最新信息。)
2. The report is not updated, so it doesn't include the latest changes.(这份报告没有更新,所以不包含最新的变动。)
3. We need to keep our computer systems updated to protect them from viruses.(我们需要保持电脑系统更新,以防病毒入侵。)
57. knowledge (n.)知识,学问,学识
【用法释义】不可数名词,指通过学习、经验获得的“知识、学问”,常与介词of(关于……的知识)、about(关于……的知识)搭配,也可与动词gain(获得)、acquire(获取)、share(分享)搭配。
【常用搭配】knowledge of English(英语知识);gain knowledge(获取知识);share knowledge(分享知识)
【用法举例】
1. Reading books can help us gain more knowledge about the world.(读书能帮助我们获得更多关于世界的知识。)
2. He has a good knowledge of history and can tell many interesting stories.(他历史知识丰富,能讲很多有趣的故事。)
3. Teachers often share their knowledge with students in class.(老师经常在课堂上和学生分享知识。)
58. cheer (vt.&vi.)欢呼,喝彩;鼓励,鼓舞
【用法释义】可作及物或不及物动词。作不及物动词时,表示“欢呼、喝彩”(常与介词for搭配,cheer for sb./sth.,为某人/某物欢呼);作及物动词时,表示“鼓励”(cheer sb.,鼓励某人)。
【常用搭配】cheer for the team(为球队欢呼);cheer sb. up(使某人振作起来);cheer loudly(大声欢呼)
【用法举例】
1. All the fans cheered loudly when their favorite player scored a goal.(当他们最喜欢的球员进球时,所有球迷都大声欢呼。)(vi.)
2. We went to the airport to cheer for the athletes returning from the Olympics.(我们去机场为从奥运会归来的运动员们喝彩。)(vi.)
3. Her friends tried to cheer her up after she failed the exam.(考试失利后,朋友们努力让她振作起来。)(vt.)
# 北师大版8上Unit 4词汇详解(续)
## 59. role model (n. 短语)楷模,行为榜样(指在品德、行为或成就上值得他人学习的人)
【用法释义】可数名词短语,由“role(角色)+ model(榜样)”构成,可直接作主语、宾语或表语,常用搭配为“be sb.'s role model(成为某人的榜样)”“regard sb. as a role model(把某人视为榜样)”。
【常用搭配】a good role model(好榜样);set a role model(树立榜样);choose sb. as a role model(选某人当榜样)
【用法举例】
1. Her mother, a dedicated doctor, is her most important role model.(她的妈妈是一位尽职尽责的医生,也是她最重要的榜样。)
2. The young athlete hopes to be a role model for children who love sports.(这位年轻运动员希望成为热爱运动的孩子们的榜样。)
3. Teachers should set a positive role model for students in daily life.(教师在日常生活中应为学生树立积极的榜样。)
60. machine gun (n. 短语)机关枪,机枪(一种能快速连续射击的武器)
【用法释义】可数名词短语,由“machine(机器)+ gun(枪)”构成,复数形式为“machine guns”,主要用于军事场景,常与“fire(射击)”“carry(携带)”等动词搭配。
【常用搭配】fire a machine gun(射击机关枪);carry a machine gun(携带机关枪);heavy machine gun(重机枪)
【用法举例】
1. The soldier was trained to use a machine gun accurately in combat.(这名士兵接受过训练,能在战斗中精准使用机关枪。)
2. During the exercise, the team practiced how to set up and operate a machine gun.(演习期间,这支队伍练习了如何架设和操作机关枪。)
3. The museum displays an old machine gun used in World War II.(博物馆展出了一把二战时期使用过的机关枪。)
61. at last (adv. 短语)终于,最终(强调经过长时间等待、努力或困难后达成结果)
【用法释义】副词短语,常位于句首、句中或句末,修饰整个句子或谓语动词,可与“finally”“in the end”互换,不修饰单个名词。
【常用搭配】at last succeed(终于成功);arrive at last(终于到达);finish the work at last(最终完成工作)
【用法举例】
1. After waiting for two hours, the bus arrived at last.(等了两个小时后,公交车终于到了。)
2. He tried many times to solve the problem and at last found the right way.(他尝试了很多次解决这个问题,最终找到了正确的方法。)
3. At last, we climbed to the top of the mountain and saw the beautiful view.(终于,我们爬上了山顶,看到了美丽的景色。)
62. one by one (adv. 短语)逐个地;逐一地(强调按顺序,一个接一个,不遗漏)
【用法释义】副词短语,修饰动词或整个句子,常位于句末或句中,可用于描述人或事物的动作顺序,如“分发物品”“回答问题”等场景。
【常用搭配】go one by one(逐个走);answer questions one by one(逐一回答问题);check the papers one by one(逐个检查试卷)
【用法举例】
1. The teacher asked the students to come to the front one by one to present their projects.(老师让学生们逐个到前面展示他们的项目。)
2. She took out the books from her bag one by one and put them on the desk.(她从书包里逐个拿出书,放在桌子上。)
3. The audience left the hall one by one after the concert ended.(音乐会结束后,观众们逐个离开了大厅。)
63. in one way or another (adv. 短语)不管怎样,不管以何方式(表示无论采取何种方法、途径,最终都会达成某结果)
【用法释义】副词短语,常位于句首或句中,修饰整个句子,引导让步或肯定的语气,不修饰单个动词或名词。
【常用搭配】solve the problem in one way or another(不管用什么方法都要解决问题);help sb. in one way or another(不管以何种方式帮助某人)
【用法举例】
1. We have to finish this task today in one way or another.(不管怎样,我们今天都得完成这项任务。)
2. Everyone will face difficulties in life, but we can overcome them in one way or another.(每个人在生活中都会遇到困难,但我们总能以某种方式克服它们。)
3. He promised to help us in one way or another, so we don’t have to worry.(他承诺会以某种方式帮助我们,所以我们不用着急。)
64. all over (adv. 短语)到处,处处;遍及(强调范围广,覆盖全部区域)
【用法释义】副词短语,可位于句末或句中,修饰动词或描述地点范围,后接地点名词时需加“the world/country”等(如“all over the world”),单独使用时表示“到处”。
【常用搭配】all over the world(全世界);all over the house(满屋子);travel all over the country(走遍全国)
【用法举例】
1. Her new song is popular all over the world now.(她的新歌现在在全世界都很受欢迎。)
2. The children ran all over the park and had a great time.(孩子们在公园里到处跑,玩得很开心。)
3. There are beautiful flowers all over the garden in spring.(春天,花园里到处都是漂亮的花。)
65. what's more (adv. 短语)更有甚者,更为重要的是(用于补充说明,强调递进关系,引出比前文更重要的内容)
【用法释义】副词短语,常位于句首,后接逗号,修饰整个句子,可与“besides”“furthermore”互换,用于口语和书面语中。
【常用搭配】what's more, ...(更重要的是,……);what's more important(更为重要的是)
【用法举例】
1. This book is interesting; what's more, it teaches us a lot of useful knowledge.(这本书很有趣,更重要的是,它教给我们很多有用的知识。)
2. He is good at English; what's more, he can speak French fluently.(他英语很好,更有甚者,他还能流利地说法语。)
3. The new phone is cheap; what's more, it has many practical functions.(这款新手机很便宜,更为重要的是,它有很多实用的功能。)66. stick to (v. 短语)坚持(观点、原则、计划等);不放弃
【用法释义】动词短语,由“stick(vi. 坚持)+ 介词to”构成,后接名词、代词或动名词(不能接动词原形),主语通常为人,强调“不改变、不放弃既定的事物”。
【常用搭配】stick to one's plan(坚持自己的计划);stick to the truth(坚持真理);stick to studying(坚持学习)
【用法举例】
1. No matter how hard it is, she always sticks to her dream of becoming a teacher.(无论多困难,她始终坚持自己成为一名教师的梦想。)
2. You should stick to the rules if you want to stay in this team.(如果你想留在这个团队,就应该遵守规则。)
3. He sticks to reading English every morning, so his English has improved a lot.(他坚持每天早上读英语,所以英语进步了很多。)
67. pick up (v. 短语)拿起,提起;接人;(偶然)学会;捡起
【用法释义】动词短语,由“pick(vt. 捡、提)+ 副词up”构成,为“动词+副词”结构,接代词作宾语时,代词需放在pick和up之间;接名词作宾语时,名词可放中间或后面。含义需根据语境判断。
【常用搭配】pick up a book(拿起一本书);pick sb. up at the station(在车站接某人);pick up a language(偶然学会一门语言)
【用法举例】
1. She picked up the fallen glass carefully to avoid being hurt.(她小心地捡起掉落的玻璃,以免受伤。)(拿起)
2. My father will pick me up after school this afternoon.(今天下午爸爸会来学校接我。)(接人)
3. He picked up some Japanese when he lived in Tokyo for half a year.(他在东京住了半年,偶然学会了一些日语。)(偶然学会)
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1.My brother wants to be a ______ when he grows up, because he wants to protect our country.
A. doctor B. soldier C. teacher D. farmer
2.We all ______ the old scientist because he has made great contributions to our country's science.
A. admire B. forget C. hate D. ignore
3.______, we will finish this difficult task with the help of our teachers.
A. In one way or another B. By the way C. On the way D. In the way
4.My uncle joined the ______ last year and now he is training hard in the camp.
A. school B. hospital C. army D. company
5.The kind girl is always ______ and she is willing to help others without asking for anything in return.
A. selfish B. selfless C. careful D. careless
6.You can see beautiful flowers ______ in the park in spring.
A. all over B. all right C. all time D. all day
7.The doctor used an ______ to check if there was something wrong with my grandfather's bones.
A. book B. pen C. X-ray D. computer
8.There is a new ______ over the river in our hometown, and it's very convenient for people to cross the river.
A. house B. bridge C. road D. street
9.This table is made of ______, so it's very heavy and strong.
A. iron B. paper C. cloth D. glass
11.The dog was tied to the tree with a ______, so it couldn't run away.
A. rope B. chain C. string D. thread
12.The old house has a ______ door, and it looks very simple and natural.
A. wooden B. plastic C. metal D. stone
13.Please put the books on the ______; don't leave them on the floor.
A. board B. bed C. chair D. sofa
14.Tom fell off his bike and hurt his ______, so he can't walk well now.
A. hand B. foot C. knee D. head
15.The water in the pot is ______, so be careful not to burn yourself.
A. cold B. warm C. boiling D. cool
16.This famous writer will ______ a new novel next month, and many readers are looking forward to it.
A. publish B. buy C. sell D. read
17.In that story, the hero fought against the ______ bravely and finally won the victory.
A. friend B. enemy C. classmate D. neighbor
18.We will ______ at the train station at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning, so please don't be late.
A. leave B. arrive C. start D. begin
19.The teacher asked the students to answer the questions ______ to make sure everyone has a chance to speak.
A. all together B. one by one C. at once D. in a hurry
20.My friend ______ to help me with my math homework, and I finished it quickly with his help.
A. refused B. offered C. agreed D. decided
21.The police had to ______ to stop the bad man who was trying to hurt others.
A. fire B. run C. walk D. talk
22.The soldiers tried their best to take control of the ______ to protect the people behind them.
A. city B. village C. bridgehead D. town
23.The hunter had to ______ at the deer because he needed food to survive.
A. look B. shoot C. point D. shout
24.The policeman took out his ______ to catch the thief who was running away.
A. gun B. knife C. stick D. phone
25.A ______ can shoot many bullets quickly, so it's a very powerful weapon in the war.
A. knife B. sword C. machine gun D. bow
26.The apple fell from the tree and ______ on the ground, making a small sound.
A. dropped B. flew C. jumped D. climbed
27.The two countries had to ______ for their own interests, and many people lost their lives in the war.
A. play B. fight C. work D. study
28.Every ______ should respect others and help each other to make the world a better place.
A. animal B. plant C. human being D. thing
29.In some ancient stories, people believed that ______ could control the weather and everything in the world.
A. gods B. kings C. queens D. heroes
30.______, after working hard for three months, we finally finished the big project on time.
A. At first B. At last C. At once D. At most
31.The little girl ______ the picture from the book because she wanted to keep it as a souvenir.
A. cut B. tore C. drew D. painted
32.We need to ______ the old computer with a new one because the old one is too slow to use.
A. replace B. repair C. clean D. sell
33.The cat washed ______ carefully after eating the fish, looking very cute.
A. himself B. herself C. itself D. myself
34.We should believe in ______ and try our best to solve the problems instead of giving up easily.
A. ourselves B. themselves C. himself D. herself
35.Please ______ the stamp on the envelope before you send the letter.
A. stick B. put C. place D. set
36.You should ______ your dreams and never give up, even when you face difficulties.
A. stick to B. give up C. put off D. take off
Many ______ workers went to the disaster area to help the people in need for free.
A. lazy B. voluntary C. rich D. poor
37.Good ______ such as honesty and kindness are very important for a person to get along well with others.
A. qualities B. habits C. hobbies D. skills
38.The little boy is always ______ and he brings happiness to everyone around him.
A. sad B. angry C. cheerful D. bored
39.My deskmate is very ______; she always finishes her homework on time and gets good grades.
A. lazy B. hard-working C. careless D. stupid
40.The meeting was well ______, and everything went smoothly as planned.
A. organized B. messy C. boring D. difficult
二、完成句子(根据汉语提示完成句子)
1. 我的叔叔是一名军人,我非常钦佩他。
My uncle is a ______, and I ______ him very much.
2. 不管怎样,我们都要在天黑前到达那个小镇。
______, we must ______ that small town before dark.
3. 这位医生无私的精神值得我们所有人钦佩。
The doctor's ______ spirit is worthy of all of us to ______.
4. 士兵们一个接一个地跨过了那座木制的桥。
The ______ crossed the ______ bridge ______.
5. 他主动提出帮助那位老人捡起掉在地上的木板。
He ______ to help the old man the ______ on the ground.
6. 在医院里,医生用X射线为病人检查膝盖是否有问题。
In the hospital, doctors use ______ to check if there is something wrong with the patients' ______.
7. 敌人向我们开火时,战士们勇敢地战斗。
When the ______ ______ at us, the soldiers ______ bravely.
8. 最终,科学家们发表了关于太阳能系统的研究报告。
______, the scientists ______ a research report on the ______ ______.
9. 她坚持参加志愿的医疗服务,去帮助遥远的山区人民。
She ______ ______ taking part in ______ ______ services to help people in the ______ mountain areas.
10. 毕业后,他选择去那个地区的工作场所,提供基础的帮助。
After ______, he ______ to go to the ______ in that ______ to provide ______ help.
11. 这台机器的轮子坏了,我们需要用新的来替换它自己。
The ______ of this machine is broken, and we need to ______ ______ with a new one.
12. 我们自己应该努力学习知识,以便完成老师布置的任务。
______ should study ______ hard to ______ the ______ given by the teacher.
13. 到处都是沸腾的水,大家一定要小心,别烫伤膝盖。
There is ______ water ______, so everyone must be careful not to scald their ______.
14. 他不仅工作努力,而且人品很好,总是乐于助人。
He is not only ______ but also has a good ______, and he is always ready to help others.
15. 为了占据桥头堡,士兵们不得不穿过敌人的机枪火力区。
To take the ______, the soldiers had to go through the fire area of the enemy's ______.
16. 更有甚者,这个更新的系统还能为我们提供更全面的医疗保健信息。
______, this ______ ______ can also provide us with more comprehensive ______ information.
17. 她快乐的笑容感染了身边的人,大家都为她欢呼。
Her ______ smile infected the people around her, and everyone ______ for her.
18. 他在战斗中被撕裂了衣服,还流了眼泪,但依然没有放弃战斗。
His clothes were ______ in the battle, and he shed ______, but he still didn't give up ______.
19. 我们计划去远足,出发前要挑选一些必要的物品,比如水和食物。
We plan to ______, and we need to ______ some necessary items before setting off, such as water and food.
20. 这位有条理的志愿者总是目标明确,能高效完成各项志愿工作。
This ______ volunteer is always ______ and can complete various voluntary work efficiently.
21. 他从车上掉下了一本书,幸好一位路人帮他捡了起来。
A book ______ from his car, and fortunately a passer-by helped him ______ it ______.
22. 在传说中,神拥有强大的力量,能保护人类免受危险。
In legends, ______ have powerful strength and can protect ______ from danger.
23. 这家出版社下周将发表一篇关于环境保护的文章。
This publishing house will ______ an article on environmental protection next week.
24. 他奋斗了很多年,终于在医学领域获得了重要的研究成果。
He ______ for many years, and finally obtained important research results in the ______ field.
25. 那辆客货车装满了医疗物资,正开往需要医疗服务的偏远地区。
That ______ is full of medical supplies and is heading to the remote ______ that needs ______.
26. 经历了令人痛苦的失败后,他依然保持着高兴的心态,继续努力。
After experiencing ______ failures, he still maintained a ______ attitude and continued to work hard.
27. 老师建议我们,在学习中遇到困难时,不管怎样都不要轻易放弃。
The teacher ______ us that when we encounter difficulties in study, we should not give up easily ______.
28. 他们用铁链把铁门拴住,防止敌人进入这个重要的区域。
They used ______ to fasten the iron gate to prevent the ______ from entering this important ______.
29. 完成这项可能的任务需要我们每个人都付出辛勤的努力。
______ this ______ ______ requires each of us to make hard ______ efforts.
30. 我们应该向那些无私的人学习,他们总是主动提供帮助,到处传播正能量。
We should learn from those ______ people who always ______ help and spread positive energy ______.
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2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(北师大版2024)
Unit 4 Role Models重点词汇
必备知识清单
重点单词释义
1. soldier (n.)军人,士兵
【用法释义】指在军队中服役的人员,可泛指各军种士兵,也可特指陆军士兵,复数形式为soldiers,常与“in the army”“serve as”等搭配使用。
【常用搭配】private soldier(列兵);soldier on(坚持下去,继续努力);serve as a soldier(当兵)
【用法举例】
1. The young man joined the army and became a soldier last year.(这个年轻人去年参军,成为了一名士兵。)
2. Even though he was tired, the soldier kept walking to reach the destination.(尽管很累,这名士兵仍继续前行,只为抵达目的地。)
3. My uncle used to be a soldier and fought in a famous battle.(我叔叔曾经是一名士兵,参加过一场著名的战役。)
2. admire (vt.)钦佩,仰慕;欣赏
【用法释义】及物动词,后必须接宾语(人/物/动名词),不可单独使用;表达“因某事钦佩某人”时,需用“admire sb. for sth.”结构,无被动语态。
【常用搭配】admire sb. for sth.(因某事钦佩某人);admire sth.(欣赏某物);admire doing sth.(钦佩做某事)
【用法举例】
1. We all admire her for her selfless dedication to helping the poor.(我们都因她无私奉献帮助穷人而钦佩她。)
2. He often goes to the art museum to admire the works of famous painters.(他经常去美术馆欣赏著名画家的作品。)
3. I admire people who never give up when facing difficulties.(我钦佩那些面对困难从不放弃的人。)
3. army (n.)陆上作战军队,陆军部队;(统称)军队
【用法释义】可数名词,特指“陆军”时首字母可小写,泛指“军队”时常用“the army”;表示“参军”用“join the army”,不可说“join an army”。
【常用搭配】join the army(参军);the Red Army(红军,专有名词除外,此处为普通搭配);army officer(军官)
【用法举例】
1. His father served in the army for eight years and retired last month.(他父亲在军队服役了八年,上个月退休了。)
2. The army was sent to the disaster area to help people rebuild their homes.(军队被派往灾区,帮助人们重建家园。)
3. Many young people dream of joining the army to protect their country.(许多年轻人梦想参军保卫自己的国家。)
4. selfless (adj.)无私的
【用法释义】形容词,用于修饰人或人的行为,强调“不考虑个人利益、为他人着想”,反义词为“selfish(自私的)”,常作定语或表语。
【常用搭配】selfless love(无私的爱);selfless dedication(无私的奉献);be selfless in sth.(在某事上无私)
【用法举例】
1. The doctor showed selfless devotion to saving patients during the epidemic.(疫情期间,这位医生为拯救病人表现出无私的奉献精神。)
2. Her selfless help made it possible for us to finish the project on time.(她无私的帮助让我们得以按时完成项目。)
3. A selfless person always thinks more about others than about himself.(无私的人总是为别人着想多于为自己。)
5. X-ray (n.)X射线,X光;X光照片
【用法释义】可数名词,可指“X射线”(不可数,需通过量词表达数量,如“a dose of X-ray”),也可指“X光照片”(可数,复数为X-rays);常用搭配为“have an X-ray”(拍X光片)。
【常用搭配】have an X-ray(拍X光片);X-ray machine(X光机);take an X-ray of sth.(给某物拍X光)
【用法举例】
1. The doctor asked him to have an X-ray to check if his arm was broken.(医生让他拍X光片,检查手臂是否骨折。)
2. This X-ray clearly shows the problem in his chest.(这张X光片清楚地显示了他胸部的问题。)
3. The hospital bought a new X-ray machine to improve medical services.(医院买了一台新的X光机,以改善医疗服务。)
6. bridge (n.)桥,桥梁;(比喻)纽带,桥梁
【用法释义】可数名词,可指实际跨越河流、道路的“桥”,也可比喻“连接两者的纽带”;表示“过桥”用“cross a bridge”,“建桥”用“build a bridge”。
【常用搭配】cross a bridge(过桥);build a bridge(建桥);a bridge between A and B(A和B之间的桥梁/纽带)
【用法举例】
1. We walked across the old stone bridge over the river to the village.(我们走过河上那座古老的石桥,前往村庄。)
2. The government plans to build a new bridge to connect the two cities.(政府计划建一座新桥连接这两个城市。)
3. Language can be a bridge between different cultures.(语言可以成为不同文化之间的纽带。)
7. iron (n.)铁(金属);熨斗
【用法释义】不可数名词(指“铁”时,如“a piece of iron”),可数名词(指“熨斗”时,复数为irons);无动词含义(文档中仅标注n.),常与“made of”“electric”等搭配。
【常用搭配】a piece of iron(一块铁);electric iron(电熨斗);cast iron(铸铁)
【用法举例】
1. This desk is made of iron, so it’s very heavy.(这张桌子是铁做的,所以很重。)
2. She used an electric iron to press her dress before the party.(派对前,她用电熨斗熨了连衣裙。)
3. The worker found a rusty piece of iron in the old factory.(工人在旧工厂里发现了一块生锈的铁。)
8. chain (n.)链子,链条;一连串,一系列
【用法释义】可数名词,可指具体的“链子”(如金属链),也可指抽象的“一连串事件、事物”;表示“一连串”时用“a chain of”结构。
【常用搭配】a chain of(一连串的);chain reaction(连锁反应);gold chain(金链子)
【用法举例】
1. He used a strong chain to lock his bicycle to the tree.(他用一条结实的链子把自行车锁在树上。)
2. A chain of car accidents happened on the icy road this morning.(今天早上,结冰的路上发生了一连串车祸。)
3. My grandmother wears a silver chain with a small pendant around her neck.(我奶奶脖子上戴着一条银链,上面挂着一个小吊坠。)
9. wooden (adj.)木制的,木头的
【用法释义】形容词,仅作定语(不可作表语,表语需用“made of wood”),用于修饰由木头制成的物品,无比较级和最高级。
【常用搭配】wooden table(木桌);wooden chair(木椅);wooden house(木屋)
【用法举例】
1. There is a small wooden shelf on the wall of my bedroom.(我卧室的墙上有一个小 wooden 架子。)
2. The children played with wooden blocks in the kindergarten.(孩子们在幼儿园里玩木制积木。)
3. They built a simple wooden house in the countryside for holidays.(他们在乡下建了一间简朴的木屋,用于度假。)
10. board (n.)板,木板;(机构的)委员会,董事会;黑板(口语)
【用法释义】可数名词,含义需根据语境判断;表示“在交通工具上”用“on board”,“董事会会议”用“board meeting”。
【常用搭配】on board(在船/飞机/火车上);board meeting(董事会会议);wooden board(木板)
【用法举例】
1. He cut a large wooden board into several small pieces with a saw.(他用锯子把一块大木板切成了几块小的。)
2. The school board will discuss the new teaching plan next Monday.(学校董事会下周一将讨论新的教学计划。)
3. All passengers must be on board 30 minutes before the plane takes off.(所有乘客必须在飞机起飞前30分钟登机。)
11. knee (n.)膝,膝盖
【用法释义】可数名词,指人体膝关节部位;表示“跪下”用“on one’s knees”,“膝盖疼”用“knee pain”。
【常用搭配】on one’s knees(跪下;屈服);knee pain(膝盖疼痛);bend one’s knee(屈膝)
【用法举例】
1. She fell down while running and scraped her knee.(她跑步时摔倒了,擦伤了膝盖。)
2. The old man got down on his knees to pick up the fallen leaves.(老人跪下捡起落叶。)
3. He has been suffering from knee pain since he played basketball last week.(自从上周打篮球后,他就一直膝盖疼。)
12. boiling (adj.)沸腾的;炽热的
【用法释义】形容词,修饰液体时表示“沸腾的”(如“boiling water”),修饰天气、环境时表示“炎热的”(如“boiling weather”);由动词“boil(沸腾)”转化而来。
【常用搭配】boiling water(沸水);boiling point(沸点);boiling hot(滚烫的,酷热的)
【用法举例】
1. Please pour some boiling water into the cup to make tea.(请往杯子里倒些沸水泡茶。)
2. We stayed at home because of the boiling weather yesterday.(昨天天气酷热,我们待在了家里。)
3. The water reached boiling point after being heated for five minutes.(水加热五分钟后达到了沸点。)
13. publish (vt.)出版,发行;发表;刊登,登载
【用法释义】及物动词,后接书籍、文章、杂志等作宾语,主语可为人(作者)或机构(出版社、报社);无被动语态(主动表被动,如“His book was published last year”)。
【常用搭配】publish a book(出版一本书);publish an article(发表一篇文章);publish a magazine(发行杂志)
【用法举例】
1. The publishing house will publish his new novel in October.(这家出版社将于10月出版他的新小说。)
2. She published a research paper in a famous science journal.(她在一本著名的科学期刊上发表了一篇研究论文。)
3. The local newspaper published a report about the city’s environmental protection.(当地报纸刊登了一篇关于该市环境保护的报道。)
14. enemy (n.)敌人,仇敌;敌军
【用法释义】可数名词,指个人的“敌人”或国家/军队的“敌军”,复数为enemies,反义词为“friend(朋友)”;表示“树敌”用“make an enemy”。
【常用搭配】public enemy(公敌);enemy army(敌军);make an enemy(树敌)
【用法举例】
1. He has no enemies because he is always kind to everyone.(他没有敌人,因为他对所有人都很友善。)
2. The soldiers fought bravely against the enemy to protect their homeland.(士兵们勇敢地抗击敌军,保卫家园。)
3. You shouldn’t argue with him angrily—you might make an enemy.(你不该生气地和他争吵,可能会树敌。)
15. arrive (vi.)到达,抵达
【用法释义】不及物动词,后不可直接接宾语;接小地方(车站、学校、商店)用“arrive at”,接大地方(城市、国家、省份)用“arrive in”;接副词(here/there/home)时无需加介词。
【常用搭配】arrive at(到达小地方);arrive in(到达大地方);arrive on time(准时到达)
【用法举例】
1. We will arrive in Shanghai at 9:00 tomorrow morning.(我们明天早上9点到达上海。)
2. She arrived at the bus stop just as the bus was leaving.(她到达公交站时,公交车正要开走。)
3. The train arrived late because of the heavy snow.(由于大雪,火车晚点到达了。)
16. offer (vt.)主动提出,主动分担;主动提供;供应
【用法释义】及物动词,常见搭配有“offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事)”“offer sb. sth.(给某人提供某物)”“offer sth. to sb.(把某物提供给某人)”,无被动语态。
【常用搭配】offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事);offer sb. help(给某人提供帮助);offer a job(提供一份工作)
【用法举例】
1. He offered to carry the heavy suitcase for the old lady.(他主动提出帮老太太提沉重的行李箱。)
2. The company offered her a good position with a high salary.(这家公司给她提供了一个薪水很高的好职位。)
3. The hotel offers free breakfast to all its guests.(这家酒店为所有客人提供免费早餐。)
17. fire (vt.&vi. / n.)
### (1)fire (vt.&vi.)射击,开火,开枪;点燃,点火
【用法释义】不及物动词(“射击”,如“fire at sb.”),及物动词(“点燃/开枪”,如“fire a gun”);过去式和过去分词均为“fired”。
【常用搭配】fire at(向……射击);fire a gun(开枪);fire a match(划火柴)
### (2)fire (n.)火;火灾;炉火
【用法释义】不可数名词(“火/火灾”,如“a big fire”),可数名词(“炉火”,如“a warm fire”);表示“着火”用“on fire”,“灭火”用“put out a fire”。
### 例句
1. The police warned the thief not to move, or they would fire.(警察警告小偷不许动,否则他们就开枪。)(vi.)
2. He fired a signal flare to ask for help.(他发射了一枚信号弹求救。)(vt.)
3. A small fire broke out in the kitchen, but it was put out quickly.(厨房里起了一场小火,但很快就被扑灭了。)(n.)
18. bridgehead (n.)桥头堡(军事术语,指进攻方在敌方阵地建立的临时据点)
【用法释义】可数名词,主要用于军事场景,指军队渡河/渡海后在对岸建立的“临时作战据点”;也可用于比喻义“初步成果、基础”(较少见)。
【常用搭配】establish a bridgehead(建立桥头堡);defend a bridgehead(保卫桥头堡);expand a bridgehead(扩大桥头堡)
【用法举例】
1. The soldiers fought hard to establish a bridgehead on the other side of the river.(士兵们奋力作战,在河对岸建立了桥头堡。)
2. It took the army two days to take control of the enemy’s bridgehead.(军队花了两天时间控制了敌人的桥头堡。)
3. The general ordered his men to strengthen the bridgehead to prevent enemy attacks.(将军命令士兵加固桥头堡,防止敌人进攻。)
19. shoot (vt.&vi.)开(枪或其他武器),射击,发射;射(箭);拍摄(照片、电影)
【用法释义】及物动词(接武器/箭/照片,如“shoot a gun”“shoot a photo”),不及物动词(“射击”,如“shoot at sb.”);注意“shoot sb.”表示“射中某人”,“shoot at sb.”表示“向某人射击(不一定射中)”,过去式为“shot”,过去分词为“shot”。
【常用搭配】shoot at(向……射击);shoot a photo(拍照片);shoot a film(拍电影)
【用法举例】
1. He shot the target with a bow and arrow and got a perfect score.(他用弓箭射中靶心,得了满分。)(vt.)
2. The photographer shot many beautiful photos during his trip to the mountains.(摄影师在山区旅行时拍了很多漂亮的照片。)(vt.)
3. The hunter shot at the deer, but it ran away quickly.(猎人向鹿开枪,但鹿很快逃走了。)(vi.)
20. gun (n.)枪,炮
【用法释义】可数名词,指各类枪械或小型火炮,复数为guns;表示“持枪”用“hold a gun”,“开枪”用“fire a gun”,“机关枪”为“machine gun”(短语)。
【常用搭配】hold a gun(持枪);fire a gun(开枪);machine gun(机关枪)
【用法举例】
1. Only police and soldiers are allowed to carry a gun in this country.(在这个国家,只有警察和士兵可以持枪。)
2. He learned how to use a gun during his military training.(他在军训期间学会了使用枪。)
3. The police found a hidden gun in the criminal’s house.(警察在罪犯的房子里发现了一把隐藏的枪。)
21. drop (vt.&vi.)落下,掉下;放弃;使落下,使掉下
【用法释义】及物动词(“使落下/放弃”,如“drop a book”“drop a plan”),不及物动词(“落下”,如“The rain dropped”);过去式和过去分词均为“dropped”。
【常用搭配】drop off(掉下;入睡);drop out(辍学);drop by(顺便拜访)
【用法举例】
1. She dropped her phone on the ground when she was running for the bus.(她赶公交车时,手机掉在了地上。)(vt.)
2. The temperature dropped below zero last night.(昨晚气温降到了零度以下。)(vi.)
3. He decided to drop his plan to study abroad because of his family.(由于家庭原因,他决定放弃出国学习的计划。)(vt.)
22. fight (vt.&vi.)打仗,战斗;搏斗,打架;努力争取
【用法释义】可作及物或不及物动词。作及物动词时,后接宾语(如敌人、困难等);作不及物动词时,常与介词for(为……而战)、against(对抗……)、with(和……打架/并肩作战)搭配。过去式和过去分词均为fought。
【常用搭配】fight for freedom(为自由而战);fight against illness(与疾病作斗争);fight with sb.(和某人打架/与某人并肩作战)
【用法举例】
1. Soldiers fight for their country every day.(士兵们每天都在为国家战斗。)
2. She has been fighting against cancer for two years.(她已经和癌症抗争了两年。)
3. The two brothers fought with each other because of a small argument.(这对兄弟因为一场小争执打了起来。)
23. human being (n.)人,人类(强调与动物、机器等的区别)
【用法释义】可数名词,单复数同形(单数为a human being,复数为human beings),常用来泛指人类整体或单个的人,较正式。
【常用搭配】all human beings(所有人类);a normal human being(一个普通人);human being's responsibility(人类的责任)
【用法举例】
1. Every human being has the right to pursue happiness.(每个人都有追求幸福的权利。)
2. Human beings have made great progress in science and technology.(人类在科技领域取得了巨大进步。)
3. It's important for us to protect the environment for future human beings.(为未来的人类保护好环境对我们来说很重要。)
24. god (n.)神;上帝(首字母大写God时,特指基督教等宗教中的上帝)
【用法释义】可数名词(表示“神”时,复数为gods)。表示特定宗教中的“上帝”时,首字母必须大写,且为单数概念。
【常用搭配】Greek gods(希腊诸神);believe in God(信仰上帝);thank God(感谢上帝)
【用法举例】
1. In ancient myths, there are many powerful gods.(在古代神话中,有许多强大的神。)
2. He prays to God every night before going to bed.(他每晚睡前都会向上帝祈祷。)
3. Thank God, we finally arrived at the destination safely.(感谢上帝,我们终于安全抵达了目的地。)
25. tear (vt. / vi. / n.)
### (1)tear (vt.&vi.)拉掉,撕掉;撕裂,撕碎
【用法释义】作动词时,过去式为tore,过去分词为torn。可作及物动词(后接宾语,如纸张、衣服等),也可作不及物动词(如布料容易撕裂)。
【常用搭配】tear a piece of paper(撕一张纸);tear up a letter(撕碎一封信);tear easily(容易撕裂)
### (2)tear (n.)眼泪,泪水
【用法释义】可数名词,常用复数形式tears。常与动词shed(流眼泪)、wipe(擦眼泪)搭配。
【常用搭配】shed tears(流泪);wipe away tears(擦掉眼泪);tears of joy(喜悦的泪水)
### 例句
1. She tore the old photo into small pieces angrily.(她生气地把旧照片撕成了碎片。)(vt.)
2. The paper is thin and tears easily.(这张纸很薄,很容易撕裂。)(vi.)
3. Tears rolled down her face when she heard the sad news.(听到这个悲伤的消息,眼泪从她脸上滚落。)(n.)
26. replace (vt.)代替;(用……)替换
【用法释义】及物动词,后接宾语,常用搭配为replace A with B(用B代替A),表示“把A换成B”。
【常用搭配】replace old equipment(更换旧设备);replace sugar with honey(用蜂蜜代替糖);be replaced by(被……代替)
【用法举例】
1. We need to replace the broken window before winter comes.(我们需要在冬天来临前换掉破窗户。)
2. She replaced the old furniture with new ones to make the room brighter.(她用新家具换掉了旧家具,让房间更明亮。)
3. Traditional books will not be completely replaced by e-books.(传统书籍不会被电子书完全取代。)
27. itself (pron.)它自己(反身代词,指代单数事物或动物)
【用法释义】反身代词,可作宾语、表语或同位语,用来强调主语或宾语,主语必须是单数第三人称的事物或动物。
【常用搭配】by itself(独自地,自动地);enjoy itself(玩得开心,用于动物或事物拟人化);hurt itself(弄伤自己)
【用法举例】
1. The machine can start by itself when the power is on.(通电后,这台机器能自动启动。)
2. The cat washed itself carefully after eating.(这只猫吃完东西后认真地给自己梳理毛发。)
3. The city itself has changed a lot in the past ten years.(这座城市本身在过去十年里发生了很大变化。)
28. ourselves (pron.)我们自己(反身代词,指代主语“我们”)
【用法释义】反身代词,主语必须是we或us,可作宾语、表语或同位语,用于强调“我们自己”,也可表示“亲自”。
【常用搭配】by ourselves(独自地);enjoy ourselves(玩得开心);hurt ourselves(弄伤我们自己)
【用法举例】
1. We cooked dinner by ourselves instead of ordering takeout.(我们没有点外卖,而是自己做了晚饭。)
2. We really enjoyed ourselves at the party last night.(昨晚我们在派对上玩得非常开心。)
3. We should take care of ourselves when we are away from home.(离家在外时,我们要照顾好自己。)
29. stick (vt.&vi.)粘贴,粘住;卡住;坚持(后接to时表“坚持”)
【用法释义】作“粘贴、卡住”时,过去式和过去分词为stuck;作“坚持”时,需与介词to搭配(stick to),后接名词、代词或动名词。
【常用搭配】stick a stamp on the envelope(在信封上贴邮票);stick in the mud(陷在泥里,卡住);stick to one's dream(坚持自己的梦想)
【用法举例】
1. She stuck the photo on the wall with tape.(她用胶带把照片粘在了墙上。)
2. The car stuck in the snow and couldn't move.(汽车陷在雪里,动不了了。)
3. He always sticks to his promises, so everyone trusts him.(他总是信守承诺,所以大家都信任他。)
30. voluntary (adj.)志愿的,自愿性的,义务性的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰名词(如工作、服务、行为等),表示“非强迫的、自愿的”。名词形式为volunteer(志愿者)。
【常用搭配】voluntary work(志愿工作);voluntary service(志愿服务);voluntary help(自愿帮助)
【用法举例】
1. Many students take part in voluntary work during their holidays.(许多学生在假期参与志愿工作。)
2. His offer to help is voluntary, not required by anyone.(他主动提出帮忙是自愿的,没有人强迫他。)
3. The hospital needs more people to do voluntary service for the patients.(这家医院需要更多人为病人提供志愿服务。)
31. quality (n.)人品,素质;质量,品质
【用法释义】可数或不可数名词。表示“人品、素质”时,常用复数形式qualities;表示“质量”时,为不可数名词(侧重事物的优劣程度)。
【常用搭配】good quality(优质);poor quality(劣质);personal qualities(个人素质)
【用法举例】
1. This brand of clothes is famous for its good quality.(这个牌子的衣服以质量好而闻名。)
2. Honesty and kindness are important personal qualities.(诚实和善良是重要的个人素质。)
3. The company has improved the quality of its products to meet customers' needs.(为了满足顾客需求,这家公司提高了产品质量。)
32. cheerful (adj.)快乐的,高兴的,兴高采烈的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰人或人的表情、态度等,强调“情绪积极、让人感到愉快”。副词形式为cheerfully。
【常用搭配】a cheerful smile(愉快的微笑);be cheerful about sth.(对某事感到乐观);cheerful mood(愉快的心情)
【用法举例】
1. She always has a cheerful smile on her face, which makes others happy.(她脸上总是挂着愉快的笑容,让别人也感到开心。)
2. He is cheerful about the future, even though he faced many difficulties.(尽管面临很多困难,他对未来仍然很乐观。)
3. The cheerful music made everyone want to dance.(欢快的音乐让每个人都想跳舞。)
33. hard-working (adj.)工作努力的,辛勤的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,用于修饰人,强调“勤奋、努力工作或学习”,由“hard(努力地)+ working(工作的)”构成。
【常用搭配】a hard-working student(勤奋的学生);be hard-working at sth.(在某事上努力);hard-working people(勤劳的人们)
【用法举例】
1. My deskmate is a hard-working girl who always gets good grades.(我的同桌是个勤奋的女孩,成绩总是很好。)
2. He is hard-working at his job, so he was promoted last month.(他工作很努力,所以上个月升职了。)
3. Hard-working farmers get good harvests every year.(勤劳的农民每年都能获得好收成。)
34. organised (adj.)有条理的,有效率的;有组织的,系统的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰人(表示“有条理的”)或事物(表示“有组织的”),动词形式为organise(组织)。
【常用搭配】an organised person(有条理的人);organised activities(有组织的活动);be organised in one's work(工作有条理)
【用法举例】
1. She is very organised, and her desk is always clean and tidy.(她很有条理,桌子总是干净整洁。)
2. The school held an organised trip to the museum last week.(上周学校组织了一次有计划的博物馆参观活动。)
3. An organised plan can help us finish the task more efficiently.(一个有条理的计划能帮助我们更高效地完成任务。)
35. focused (adj.)注意力集中的;目标明确的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰人或人的状态、计划等,常与介词on搭配(be focused on,表示“专注于……”),动词形式为focus(集中注意力)。
【常用搭配】a focused student(注意力集中的学生);be focused on study(专注于学习);focused goals(明确的目标)
【用法举例】
1. He is very focused when he is reading, and he doesn't hear anything around him.(他读书时非常专注,听不到周围的任何声音。)
2. We need to be focused on our tasks to finish them on time.(我们需要专注于任务,才能按时完成。)
3. Her focused efforts helped her achieve her dream of becoming a doctor.(她专注的努力帮助她实现了成为医生的梦想。)
36. pick (vt.)选择,挑选;采,摘
【用法释义】及物动词,后接宾语(如水果、蔬菜、物品、人等)。表示“挑选”时,强调从多个选项中选出;表示“采摘”时,常搭配水果、花朵等。
【常用搭配】pick apples(摘苹果);pick a gift(挑选礼物);pick sb. as(选某人为……)
【用法举例】
1. My mother went to the garden to pick some fresh tomatoes this morning.(妈妈今天早上到菜园摘了些新鲜的西红柿。)
2. He picked a blue shirt to wear to the party.(他选了一件蓝色衬衫去参加派对。)
3. The teacher picked Tom as the leader of the group.(老师选汤姆当小组组长。)
37. hike (vt.&vi. / n.)
### (1)hike (vt.&vi.)去……远足,做徒步旅行
【用法释义】作动词时,可作及物或不及物动词。作不及物动词时,常与介词in(在……地方远足)搭配;作及物动词时,后接地点名词(如mountain、trail等)。
### (2)hike (n.)远足,徒步旅行
【用法释义】可数名词,常与动词go on(进行远足)、take(进行远足)搭配。
【常用搭配】hike in the mountains(在山里远足);go on a hike(去远足);a two-day hike(两天的远足)
### 例句
1. We plan to hike in the national park this weekend.(我们计划这周末去国家公园远足。)(vi.)
2. They hiked the famous trail last summer and took many photos.(去年夏天他们徒步走了那条著名的路线,拍了很多照片。)(vt.)
3. My family and I went on a short hike near the lake yesterday.(昨天我和家人去湖边进行了一次短途远足。)(n.)
38. advice (n.)劝告,忠告,建议,意见
【用法释义】不可数名词,不能直接用不定冠词a修饰,表示“一条建议”需用a piece of advice;常用搭配为give sb. advice(给某人建议)、take sb.'s advice(采纳某人的建议)、ask for advice(征求建议)。
【常用搭配】give advice on sth.(就某事给出建议);take one's advice(采纳某人的建议);a piece of advice(一条建议)
【用法举例】
1. My teacher gave me some useful advice on how to learn English well.(老师就如何学好英语给了我一些有用的建议。)
2. You should take your parents' advice and think carefully before making a decision.(你应该采纳父母的建议,做决定前仔细考虑。)
3. She asked her friend for advice about choosing a major in college.(她就大学选专业的事向朋友征求建议。)
39. wheel (n.)轮,车轮,轮子
【用法释义】可数名词,常与介词on(在……轮子上)、of(……的轮子)搭配,复数形式为wheels。
【常用搭配】car wheels(汽车轮子);a wheel of a bike(自行车轮子);on wheels(用轮子移动的,带轮子的)
【用法举例】
1. The bike has a flat wheel, so we can't ride it today.(这辆自行车的一个轮子瘪了,今天没法骑了。)
2. He helped his father fix the broken wheel of the cart.(他帮爸爸修好了手推车的破轮子。)
3. This suitcase is on wheels, so it's easy to carry.(这个行李箱带轮子,拿起来很方便。)
40. basic (adj.)基本的,基础的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰名词(如知识、技能、需求等),表示“构成基础的、必不可少的”,副词形式为basically。
【常用搭配】basic knowledge(基础知识);basic skills(基本技能);basic needs(基本需求)
【用法举例】
1. You need to learn some basic computer skills for this job.(这份工作需要你掌握一些基本的电脑技能。)
2. The course will teach you the basic principles of physics.(这门课会教你物理学的基本原理。)
3. Food, water and shelter are the basic needs of human beings.(食物、水和住所是人类的基本需求。)
41. healthcare (n.)医疗(服务)
【用法释义】不可数名词,指为维护和改善健康而提供的医疗服务体系或相关服务,常与形容词(如good、public等)搭配。
【常用搭配】public healthcare(公共医疗服务);improve healthcare(改善医疗服务);access to healthcare(获得医疗服务的机会)
【用法举例】
1. The government is trying to improve the healthcare system in rural areas.(政府正努力改善农村地区的医疗服务体系。)
2. Good healthcare is important for people's quality of life.(良好的医疗服务对人们的生活质量很重要。)
3. Many people in poor countries don't have easy access to healthcare.(贫困国家的很多人无法轻易获得医疗服务。)
42. medical (adj.)医学的,医疗的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语,修饰名词(如人员、设备、服务、研究等),表示“与医学或医疗相关的”,名词形式为medicine(医学、药)。
【常用搭配】medical workers(医务工作者);medical equipment(医疗设备);medical research(医学研究)
【用法举例】
1. Many medical workers went to the disaster area to help the injured.(许多医务工作者前往灾区帮助伤员。)
2. The hospital bought some new medical equipment to treat patients better.(这家医院购买了一些新的医疗设备,以便更好地治疗病人。)
3. She is studying medical science at university and wants to be a doctor.(她在大学学习医学,想成为一名医生。)
43. struggle (vi.)奋斗,努力,争取;斗争,抗争
【用法释义】不及物动词,常与介词for(为……奋斗)、against(与……斗争)搭配,后接名词或代词,表示“为实现目标而努力”或“对抗困难、敌人等”。
【常用搭配】struggle for success(为成功奋斗);struggle against poverty(与贫困作斗争);struggle to do sth.(努力做某事)
【用法举例】
1. He struggled for many years to achieve his dream of becoming a singer.(他为了实现成为歌手的梦想奋斗了很多年。)
2. The family is struggling against a serious illness.(这个家庭正在与一种重病抗争。)
3. She struggled to carry the heavy box up the stairs.(她努力把沉重的箱子搬上楼梯。)
44. painful (adj.)令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰名词(如经历、记忆、伤口等),表示“带来身体疼痛或心理痛苦的”,副词形式为painfully。
【常用搭配】a painful experience(痛苦的经历);painful memories(痛苦的回忆);a painful wound(疼痛的伤口)
【用法举例】
1. The loss of her mother was a painful experience for her.(母亲的离世对她来说是一段痛苦的经历。)
2. His leg was painful after he fell off the bike.(从自行车上摔下来后,他的腿很疼。)
3. It's painful to see her best friend leave the city.(看到最好的朋友离开这座城市,她很难过。)
45. faraway (adj.)遥远的
【用法释义】形容词,仅作定语,修饰名词(如地方、国家、声音等),表示“距离远的”,不能作表语(表语需用far away,分开写)。
【常用搭配】a faraway country(遥远的国家);faraway places(遥远的地方);a faraway voice(遥远的声音)
【用法举例】
1. She dreams of traveling to faraway countries when she grows up.(她梦想长大后去遥远的国家旅行。)
2. We could see the lights of a faraway village in the dark.(在黑暗中,我们能看到遥远村庄的灯光。)
3. He received a letter from his friend who lives in a faraway city.(他收到了来自住在遥远城市的朋友的信。)
46. graduation (n.)毕业;毕业典礼
【用法释义】不可数名词(表示“毕业”这一行为)或可数名词(表示“毕业典礼”,复数为graduations),常与介词from(从……毕业)搭配,动词形式为graduate(毕业)。
【常用搭配】graduation from high school(高中毕业);attend a graduation(参加毕业典礼);graduation ceremony(毕业典礼)
【用法举例】
1. After graduation from college, he found a job in a big company.(大学毕业后,他在一家大公司找到了工作。)
2. All parents were invited to attend their children's graduation.(所有家长都被邀请参加孩子的毕业典礼。)
3. The school will hold a graduation ceremony next week.(学校下周将举行毕业典礼。)
47. workplace (n.)工作场所
【用法释义】可数名词,指人们工作的地方(如办公室、工厂、车间等),复数形式为workplaces,常与形容词(如safe、clean等)搭配。
【常用搭配】a safe workplace(安全的工作场所);clean the workplace(打扫工作场所);improve the workplace environment(改善工作场所环境)
【用法举例】
1. All employees must follow the rules of the workplace.(所有员工都必须遵守工作场所的规定。)
2. The company provides a comfortable workplace for its workers.(这家公司为员工提供舒适的工作场所。)
3. We should keep the workplace clean to stay healthy.(我们应该保持工作场所整洁,以保持健康。)
48. provide (vt.)提供;供应;给予
【用法释义】及物动词,常用搭配为provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb.,表示“给某人提供某物”,不能直接接双宾语(不能说provide sb. sth.)。
【常用搭配】provide food and water(提供食物和水);provide sb. with help(给某人提供帮助);provide sth. for the poor(为穷人提供某物)
【用法举例】
1. The hotel provides free breakfast for all guests.(这家酒店为所有客人提供免费早餐。)
2. Parents should provide their children with a happy family environment.(父母应该给孩子提供一个幸福的家庭环境。)
3. The organization provides medical care for people in poor areas.(这个组织为贫困地区的人们提供医疗服务。)
49. area (n.)地区,地域;面积;领域
【用法释义】可数名词,含义需根据语境判断。表示“地区”时,指特定的地理区域;表示“面积”时,为不可数名词(需用单位修饰,如a large area of);表示“领域”时,指知识、工作等方面的范围。
【常用搭配】rural areas(农村地区);a large area of land(一大片土地);the area of science(科学领域)
【用法举例】
1. This area is famous for its beautiful beaches.(这个地区以美丽的海滩而闻名。)
2. The park covers an area of 50 square kilometers.(这个公园占地面积为50平方公里。)
3. She is an expert in the area of environmental protection.(她是环境保护领域的专家。)
50. van (n.)客货车,厢式送货车
【用法释义】可数名词,指用于运输人员(小型客货车)或货物(厢式货车)的车辆,复数形式为vans。
【常用搭配】a delivery van(送货车);a passenger van(客货车);drive a van(开客货车)
【用法举例】
1. The company uses a van to deliver goods to customers every day.(这家公司每天用厢式货车给客户送货。)
2. We rented a small van to take our luggage when we moved house.(搬家时,我们租了一辆小型客货车装行李。)
3. The van broke down on the road, so we had to call for help.(客货车在路上抛锚了,我们只好打电话求助。)
51. solar (adj.)太阳能的,太阳的
【用法释义】形容词,仅作定语,修饰名词(如能量、系统、电池等),表示“与太阳相关的,利用太阳能的”。
【常用搭配】solar energy(太阳能);solar system(太阳系);solar panels(太阳能电池板)
【用法举例】
1. Many families are using solar energy to heat their houses.(很多家庭正在使用太阳能为房子供暖。)
2. We learned about the solar system in our science class.(我们在科学课上学习了太阳系的知识。)
3. The school installed solar panels on the roof to save electricity.(学校在屋顶安装了太阳能电池板以节约用电。)
52. system (n.)系统;制度,体系
【用法释义】可数名词,指由相互关联的部分组成的“系统”(如电脑系统、生态系统),或社会、组织中的“制度、体系”(如教育制度、医疗体系),复数形式为systems。
【常用搭配】computer system(电脑系统);education system(教育制度);ecosystem(生态系统)
【用法举例】
1. The computer system broke down, so we couldn't work today.(电脑系统出故障了,我们今天无法工作。)
2. Different countries have different education systems.(不同的国家有不同的教育制度。)
3. We should protect the ecosystem to keep the environment healthy.(我们应该保护生态系统,以维持环境的健康。)
53. possible (adj.)可能的,能做到的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,反义词为impossible(不可能的)。常用句型为It is possible for sb. to do sth.(某人做某事是可能的),或It is possible that...(……是可能的)。
【常用搭配】as soon as possible(尽快);make it possible(使……成为可能);possible solution(可能的解决方案)
【用法举例】
1. It is possible for us to finish the project in three days.(我们有可能在三天内完成这个项目。)
2. Please call me back as soon as possible.(请尽快给我回电话。)
3. They are trying to find a possible solution to the problem.(他们正在努力寻找这个问题的可能解决方案。)
54. task (n.)任务,工作;活动
【用法释义】可数名词,指需要完成的具体“任务、工作”,常与动词(如finish、complete、assign等)搭配,复数形式为tasks。
【常用搭配】daily tasks(日常任务);complete a task(完成任务);assign a task(分配任务)
【用法举例】
1. The teacher assigned us a new task to write an essay.(老师给我们分配了一项新任务——写一篇文章。)
2. We need to finish this task before the end of the day.(我们需要在今天结束前完成这项任务。)
3. Doing housework is one of her daily tasks.(做家务是她的日常任务之一。)
55. complete (vt. / adj.)
### (1)complete (vt.)完成,结束
【用法释义】及物动词,后接宾语(如任务、项目、作品等),表示“使某事完成或结束”,过去式和过去分词均为completed。
### (2)complete (adj.)全部的,完整的,整个的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰名词(如作品、时间、数量等),表示“没有缺少部分的”,副词形式为completely(完全地)。
【常用搭配】complete a project(完成一个项目);a complete set of books(一整套书);be complete(完整的,已完成的)
### 例句
1. He worked day and night to complete the design on time.(他日夜工作,以便按时完成设计。)(vt.)
2. The building will be complete next year.(这栋楼明年将竣工。)(adj.)
3. She has a complete collection of the author's works.(她收藏了这位作家的全部作品。)(adj.)
56. updated (adj.)更新的
【用法释义】形容词,可作定语或表语,修饰名词(如信息、数据、文件等),表示“已更新、包含最新内容的”,动词形式为update(更新)。
【常用搭配】updated information(最新信息);updated data(更新的数据);keep sth. updated(保持某物为最新状态)
【用法举例】
1. Please check the website for updated information about the event.(请查看网站获取该活动的最新信息。)
2. The report is not updated, so it doesn't include the latest changes.(这份报告没有更新,所以不包含最新的变动。)
3. We need to keep our computer systems updated to protect them from viruses.(我们需要保持电脑系统更新,以防病毒入侵。)
57. knowledge (n.)知识,学问,学识
【用法释义】不可数名词,指通过学习、经验获得的“知识、学问”,常与介词of(关于……的知识)、about(关于……的知识)搭配,也可与动词gain(获得)、acquire(获取)、share(分享)搭配。
【常用搭配】knowledge of English(英语知识);gain knowledge(获取知识);share knowledge(分享知识)
【用法举例】
1. Reading books can help us gain more knowledge about the world.(读书能帮助我们获得更多关于世界的知识。)
2. He has a good knowledge of history and can tell many interesting stories.(他历史知识丰富,能讲很多有趣的故事。)
3. Teachers often share their knowledge with students in class.(老师经常在课堂上和学生分享知识。)
58. cheer (vt.&vi.)欢呼,喝彩;鼓励,鼓舞
【用法释义】可作及物或不及物动词。作不及物动词时,表示“欢呼、喝彩”(常与介词for搭配,cheer for sb./sth.,为某人/某物欢呼);作及物动词时,表示“鼓励”(cheer sb.,鼓励某人)。
【常用搭配】cheer for the team(为球队欢呼);cheer sb. up(使某人振作起来);cheer loudly(大声欢呼)
【用法举例】
1. All the fans cheered loudly when their favorite player scored a goal.(当他们最喜欢的球员进球时,所有球迷都大声欢呼。)(vi.)
2. We went to the airport to cheer for the athletes returning from the Olympics.(我们去机场为从奥运会归来的运动员们喝彩。)(vi.)
3. Her friends tried to cheer her up after she failed the exam.(考试失利后,朋友们努力让她振作起来。)(vt.)
# 北师大版8上Unit 4词汇详解(续)
## 59. role model (n. 短语)楷模,行为榜样(指在品德、行为或成就上值得他人学习的人)
【用法释义】可数名词短语,由“role(角色)+ model(榜样)”构成,可直接作主语、宾语或表语,常用搭配为“be sb.'s role model(成为某人的榜样)”“regard sb. as a role model(把某人视为榜样)”。
【常用搭配】a good role model(好榜样);set a role model(树立榜样);choose sb. as a role model(选某人当榜样)
【用法举例】
1. Her mother, a dedicated doctor, is her most important role model.(她的妈妈是一位尽职尽责的医生,也是她最重要的榜样。)
2. The young athlete hopes to be a role model for children who love sports.(这位年轻运动员希望成为热爱运动的孩子们的榜样。)
3. Teachers should set a positive role model for students in daily life.(教师在日常生活中应为学生树立积极的榜样。)
60. machine gun (n. 短语)机关枪,机枪(一种能快速连续射击的武器)
【用法释义】可数名词短语,由“machine(机器)+ gun(枪)”构成,复数形式为“machine guns”,主要用于军事场景,常与“fire(射击)”“carry(携带)”等动词搭配。
【常用搭配】fire a machine gun(射击机关枪);carry a machine gun(携带机关枪);heavy machine gun(重机枪)
【用法举例】
1. The soldier was trained to use a machine gun accurately in combat.(这名士兵接受过训练,能在战斗中精准使用机关枪。)
2. During the exercise, the team practiced how to set up and operate a machine gun.(演习期间,这支队伍练习了如何架设和操作机关枪。)
3. The museum displays an old machine gun used in World War II.(博物馆展出了一把二战时期使用过的机关枪。)
61. at last (adv. 短语)终于,最终(强调经过长时间等待、努力或困难后达成结果)
【用法释义】副词短语,常位于句首、句中或句末,修饰整个句子或谓语动词,可与“finally”“in the end”互换,不修饰单个名词。
【常用搭配】at last succeed(终于成功);arrive at last(终于到达);finish the work at last(最终完成工作)
【用法举例】
1. After waiting for two hours, the bus arrived at last.(等了两个小时后,公交车终于到了。)
2. He tried many times to solve the problem and at last found the right way.(他尝试了很多次解决这个问题,最终找到了正确的方法。)
3. At last, we climbed to the top of the mountain and saw the beautiful view.(终于,我们爬上了山顶,看到了美丽的景色。)
62. one by one (adv. 短语)逐个地;逐一地(强调按顺序,一个接一个,不遗漏)
【用法释义】副词短语,修饰动词或整个句子,常位于句末或句中,可用于描述人或事物的动作顺序,如“分发物品”“回答问题”等场景。
【常用搭配】go one by one(逐个走);answer questions one by one(逐一回答问题);check the papers one by one(逐个检查试卷)
【用法举例】
1. The teacher asked the students to come to the front one by one to present their projects.(老师让学生们逐个到前面展示他们的项目。)
2. She took out the books from her bag one by one and put them on the desk.(她从书包里逐个拿出书,放在桌子上。)
3. The audience left the hall one by one after the concert ended.(音乐会结束后,观众们逐个离开了大厅。)
63. in one way or another (adv. 短语)不管怎样,不管以何方式(表示无论采取何种方法、途径,最终都会达成某结果)
【用法释义】副词短语,常位于句首或句中,修饰整个句子,引导让步或肯定的语气,不修饰单个动词或名词。
【常用搭配】solve the problem in one way or another(不管用什么方法都要解决问题);help sb. in one way or another(不管以何种方式帮助某人)
【用法举例】
1. We have to finish this task today in one way or another.(不管怎样,我们今天都得完成这项任务。)
2. Everyone will face difficulties in life, but we can overcome them in one way or another.(每个人在生活中都会遇到困难,但我们总能以某种方式克服它们。)
3. He promised to help us in one way or another, so we don’t have to worry.(他承诺会以某种方式帮助我们,所以我们不用着急。)
64. all over (adv. 短语)到处,处处;遍及(强调范围广,覆盖全部区域)
【用法释义】副词短语,可位于句末或句中,修饰动词或描述地点范围,后接地点名词时需加“the world/country”等(如“all over the world”),单独使用时表示“到处”。
【常用搭配】all over the world(全世界);all over the house(满屋子);travel all over the country(走遍全国)
【用法举例】
1. Her new song is popular all over the world now.(她的新歌现在在全世界都很受欢迎。)
2. The children ran all over the park and had a great time.(孩子们在公园里到处跑,玩得很开心。)
3. There are beautiful flowers all over the garden in spring.(春天,花园里到处都是漂亮的花。)
65. what's more (adv. 短语)更有甚者,更为重要的是(用于补充说明,强调递进关系,引出比前文更重要的内容)
【用法释义】副词短语,常位于句首,后接逗号,修饰整个句子,可与“besides”“furthermore”互换,用于口语和书面语中。
【常用搭配】what's more, ...(更重要的是,……);what's more important(更为重要的是)
【用法举例】
1. This book is interesting; what's more, it teaches us a lot of useful knowledge.(这本书很有趣,更重要的是,它教给我们很多有用的知识。)
2. He is good at English; what's more, he can speak French fluently.(他英语很好,更有甚者,他还能流利地说法语。)
3. The new phone is cheap; what's more, it has many practical functions.(这款新手机很便宜,更为重要的是,它有很多实用的功能。)66. stick to (v. 短语)坚持(观点、原则、计划等);不放弃
【用法释义】动词短语,由“stick(vi. 坚持)+ 介词to”构成,后接名词、代词或动名词(不能接动词原形),主语通常为人,强调“不改变、不放弃既定的事物”。
【常用搭配】stick to one's plan(坚持自己的计划);stick to the truth(坚持真理);stick to studying(坚持学习)
【用法举例】
1. No matter how hard it is, she always sticks to her dream of becoming a teacher.(无论多困难,她始终坚持自己成为一名教师的梦想。)
2. You should stick to the rules if you want to stay in this team.(如果你想留在这个团队,就应该遵守规则。)
3. He sticks to reading English every morning, so his English has improved a lot.(他坚持每天早上读英语,所以英语进步了很多。)
67. pick up (v. 短语)拿起,提起;接人;(偶然)学会;捡起
【用法释义】动词短语,由“pick(vt. 捡、提)+ 副词up”构成,为“动词+副词”结构,接代词作宾语时,代词需放在pick和up之间;接名词作宾语时,名词可放中间或后面。含义需根据语境判断。
【常用搭配】pick up a book(拿起一本书);pick sb. up at the station(在车站接某人);pick up a language(偶然学会一门语言)
【用法举例】
1. She picked up the fallen glass carefully to avoid being hurt.(她小心地捡起掉落的玻璃,以免受伤。)(拿起)
2. My father will pick me up after school this afternoon.(今天下午爸爸会来学校接我。)(接人)
3. He picked up some Japanese when he lived in Tokyo for half a year.(他在东京住了半年,偶然学会了一些日语。)(偶然学会)
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1.My brother wants to be a ______ when he grows up, because he wants to protect our country.
A. doctor B. soldier C. teacher D. farmer
2.We all ______ the old scientist because he has made great contributions to our country's science.
A. admire B. forget C. hate D. ignore
3.______, we will finish this difficult task with the help of our teachers.
A. In one way or another B. By the way C. On the way D. In the way
4.My uncle joined the ______ last year and now he is training hard in the camp.
A. school B. hospital C. army D. company
5.The kind girl is always ______ and she is willing to help others without asking for anything in return.
A. selfish B. selfless C. careful D. careless
6.You can see beautiful flowers ______ in the park in spring.
A. all over B. all right C. all time D. all day
7.The doctor used an ______ to check if there was something wrong with my grandfather's bones.
A. book B. pen C. X-ray D. computer
8.There is a new ______ over the river in our hometown, and it's very convenient for people to cross the river.
A. house B. bridge C. road D. street
9.This table is made of ______, so it's very heavy and strong.
A. iron B. paper C. cloth D. glass
11.The dog was tied to the tree with a ______, so it couldn't run away.
A. rope B. chain C. string D. thread
12.The old house has a ______ door, and it looks very simple and natural.
A. wooden B. plastic C. metal D. stone
13.Please put the books on the ______; don't leave them on the floor.
A. board B. bed C. chair D. sofa
14.Tom fell off his bike and hurt his ______, so he can't walk well now.
A. hand B. foot C. knee D. head
15.The water in the pot is ______, so be careful not to burn yourself.
A. cold B. warm C. boiling D. cool
16.This famous writer will ______ a new novel next month, and many readers are looking forward to it.
A. publish B. buy C. sell D. read
17.In that story, the hero fought against the ______ bravely and finally won the victory.
A. friend B. enemy C. classmate D. neighbor
18.We will ______ at the train station at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning, so please don't be late.
A. leave B. arrive C. start D. begin
19.The teacher asked the students to answer the questions ______ to make sure everyone has a chance to speak.
A. all together B. one by one C. at once D. in a hurry
20.My friend ______ to help me with my math homework, and I finished it quickly with his help.
A. refused B. offered C. agreed D. decided
21.The police had to ______ to stop the bad man who was trying to hurt others.
A. fire B. run C. walk D. talk
22.The soldiers tried their best to take control of the ______ to protect the people behind them.
A. city B. village C. bridgehead D. town
23.The hunter had to ______ at the deer because he needed food to survive.
A. look B. shoot C. point D. shout
24.The policeman took out his ______ to catch the thief who was running away.
A. gun B. knife C. stick D. phone
25.A ______ can shoot many bullets quickly, so it's a very powerful weapon in the war.
A. knife B. sword C. machine gun D. bow
26.The apple fell from the tree and ______ on the ground, making a small sound.
A. dropped B. flew C. jumped D. climbed
27.The two countries had to ______ for their own interests, and many people lost their lives in the war.
A. play B. fight C. work D. study
28.Every ______ should respect others and help each other to make the world a better place.
A. animal B. plant C. human being D. thing
29.In some ancient stories, people believed that ______ could control the weather and everything in the world.
A. gods B. kings C. queens D. heroes
30.______, after working hard for three months, we finally finished the big project on time.
A. At first B. At last C. At once D. At most
31.The little girl ______ the picture from the book because she wanted to keep it as a souvenir.
A. cut B. tore C. drew D. painted
32.We need to ______ the old computer with a new one because the old one is too slow to use.
A. replace B. repair C. clean D. sell
33.The cat washed ______ carefully after eating the fish, looking very cute.
A. himself B. herself C. itself D. myself
34.We should believe in ______ and try our best to solve the problems instead of giving up easily.
A. ourselves B. themselves C. himself D. herself
35.Please ______ the stamp on the envelope before you send the letter.
A. stick B. put C. place D. set
36.You should ______ your dreams and never give up, even when you face difficulties.
A. stick to B. give up C. put off D. take off
Many ______ workers went to the disaster area to help the people in need for free.
A. lazy B. voluntary C. rich D. poor
37.Good ______ such as honesty and kindness are very important for a person to get along well with others.
A. qualities B. habits C. hobbies D. skills
38.The little boy is always ______ and he brings happiness to everyone around him.
A. sad B. angry C. cheerful D. bored
39.My deskmate is very ______; she always finishes her homework on time and gets good grades.
A. lazy B. hard-working C. careless D. stupid
40.The meeting was well ______, and everything went smoothly as planned.
A. organized B. messy C. boring D. difficult
答案与解析:
1. B
解析:题干中“want to protect our country”(想要保卫我们的国家)是关键线索。选项A(doctor,医生)的职责是治病救人,C(teacher,教师)是传授知识,D(farmer,农民)是从事农业生产,均与“保卫国家”无关;B(soldier,士兵)的核心职责就是保卫国家,符合语境。
2. A
解析:后半句“he has made great contributions to our country's science”(他为我国科学做出了巨大贡献)表明对这位老科学家应持积极态度。A(admire,敬佩)符合“因贡献而产生的正面情感”;B(forget,忘记)、C(hate,讨厌)、D(ignore,忽视)均为消极或中性态度,与语境矛盾。
3. A
解析:题干意为“______,在老师的帮助下我们会完成这项困难的任务”。A(In one way or another,无论如何、总会)代入后,表达“不管用什么方法,最终会完成任务”,逻辑通顺;B(By the way,顺便说一下)用于转换话题,C(On the way,在路上)表示位置或过程,D(In the way,妨碍)表示负面影响,均不符合语境。
4. C
解析:后半句“now he is training hard in the camp”(现在他在营地刻苦训练)是关键提示。A(school,学校)的活动是学习,B(hospital,医院)是医疗工作,D(company,公司)是办公,均无“营地训练”场景;C(army,军队)的士兵常需在营地训练,符合语境。
5. B
解析:“willing to help others without asking for anything in return”(愿意无偿帮助他人)体现“无私”的品质。A(selfish,自私的)与描述相反,C(careful,细心的)、D(careless,粗心的)描述的是“做事态度”,而非“助人是否求回报”的品质,故B(selfless,无私的)正确。
6. A
解析:题干意为“春天在公园里你能______看到漂亮的花”。A(all over,到处)代入后表示“公园里到处都是花”,符合春天公园的场景;B(all right,好的、没问题)是语气词或表“状况良好”,C(all time,无此正确搭配,正确表达为“all the time”,意为“一直”),D(all day,一整天)侧重时间,而非“范围”,均不符合“公园看花”的语境。
7. C
解析:“check if there was something wrong with my grandfather's bones”(检查祖父的骨头是否有问题)是核心需求。A(book,书)、B(pen,笔)无法检查骨骼,D(computer,电脑)需搭配专业软件且非直接检查骨骼的工具;C(X-ray,X光机)是医学上常用的骨骼检查设备,符合语境。
8. B
解析:“over the river”(河上方)和“it's very convenient for people to cross the river”(方便人们过河)是关键线索。A(house,房子)、C(road,公路)、D(street,街道)均无法“架在河上且供人过河”;B(bridge,桥)的功能就是连接河两岸、方便过河,符合语境。
9. A
解析:“so it's very heavy and strong”(所以它又重又结实)是对材质的描述。B(paper,纸)轻且易破,C(cloth,布)轻且不结实,D(glass,玻璃)易碎,均不符合“重且结实”;A(iron,铁)的特性就是重量大、硬度高,符合描述。
10. B
解析:“the dog couldn't run away”(狗跑不掉)说明束缚物“牢固”。A(rope,绳子)、C(string,细绳)、D(thread,线)强度较低,狗可能挣脱;B(chain,铁链)硬度高、强度大,能有效束缚狗,符合“跑不掉”的结果。
11. A
解析:“looks very simple and natural”(看起来简单自然)是对门的外观描述。B(plastic,塑料)门常显工业感,C(metal,金属)门偏冷硬,D(stone,石头)门厚重且少见“简单自然”的风格;A(wooden,木制的)门自带自然纹理,易呈现“简单自然”的质感,符合语境。
12. A
解析:题干意为“请把书放在______上,别放在地上”,需选择“专门放书”的物品。B(bed,床)、C(chair,椅子)、D(sofa,沙发)均为休息家具,非“放书”的常规位置;A(board,书架/置物板,此处指“书架”)是专门用于摆放书籍的家具,符合语境。
13. C
解析:“fell off his bike”(从自行车上摔下来)和“can't walk well”(走不好路)提示受伤部位与“行走”相关。A(hand,手)受伤不影响行走,B(foot,脚)受伤通常是“无法走路”而非“走不好”,D(head,头)受伤多影响意识而非行走;C(knee,膝盖)是腿部关键关节,摔落时易受伤,且受伤后会导致“走不好路”,符合逻辑。
14. C
解析:“be careful not to burn yourself”(小心别烫伤自己)说明水的状态有“烫伤风险”。A(cold,冷的)、D(cool,凉的)无烫伤可能,B(warm,温的)温度较低,通常不会烫伤;C(boiling,沸腾的)水温极高,易造成烫伤,符合“需小心”的提示。
15. A
解析:“many readers are looking forward to it”(许多读者期待它)中的“it”指“new novel”(新小说),提示动作主体是“作家”与“小说”的关系。B(buy,买)、D(read,读)的主体应是“读者”,C(sell,卖)的主体应是“书店”,均与“作家”身份不符;A(publish,出版)是作家将作品推向读者的关键动作,符合语境。
16. B
解析:“fought against”(与……战斗)和“finally won the victory”(最终获胜)提示对象是“对手”。A(friend,朋友)、C(classmate,同学)、D(neighbor,邻居)均为“同伴”或“熟人”,无需“战斗”;B(enemy,敌人)是“战斗”的对象,符合“获胜”的逻辑。
17. B
解析:“at the train station”(在火车站)和“don't be late”(别迟到)提示动作是“到达”而非“离开”。A(leave,离开)、C(start,开始)、D(begin,开始)均无“在某地集合”的含义;B(arrive,到达)代入后表示“明天早上8点在火车站集合(到达)”,符合“别迟到”的提示。
18. B
解析:“make sure everyone has a chance to speak”(确保每个人都有发言机会)是关键目的。A(all together,一起)会导致“多人同时发言”,无法保证每人机会;C(at once,立刻)、D(in a hurry,匆忙)侧重“速度”,与“每人发言”无关;B(one by one,一个接一个)能确保每人依次发言,符合目的。
19. B
解析:“I finished it quickly with his help”(在他帮助下我很快完成了作业)说明朋友“提供了帮助”。A(refused,拒绝)与“帮助”相反,C(agreed,同意)需搭配“to help”的请求(如“我请求他帮忙,他同意了”),但题干未提“请求”;D(decided,决定)侧重“自己做决定”,而非“主动给他人帮助”;B(offered,主动提出)后接“to help”,表示“主动帮忙”,符合“无需请求就提供帮助”的语境。
20. A
解析:“stop the bad man who was trying to hurt others”(阻止试图伤害他人的坏人)提示动作需有“威慑力或强制力”。B(run,跑)、C(walk,走)无法阻止坏人,D(talk,劝说)对“试图伤人的坏人”无效;A(fire,开枪)是警察在紧急情况下阻止坏人的手段,符合“强制阻止”的场景(注:此处“fire”指“开枪”,为警察执法的合理动作)。
21. C
解析:“take control of”(控制)和“protect the people behind them”(保护身后的人)提示对象是“战略要地”。A(city,城市)、B(village,村庄)、D(town,城镇)范围过大,且“控制城镇”并非直接“保护身后的人”;C(bridgehead,桥头堡)是军事上的关键战略点,控制桥头堡可有效阻挡敌人、保护后方人员,符合军事场景逻辑。
22. B
解析:“because he needed food to survive”(因为他需要食物生存)提示猎人对鹿的动作是“获取食物”。A(look,看)、D(shout,喊)无法获得食物,C(point,指)仅表示“指向”,无实际作用;B(shoot,射击)是猎人获取猎物(鹿)的方式,猎物可作为食物,符合语境。
23. A
解析:“catch the thief who was running away”(抓住逃跑的小偷)提示警察使用的工具需有“威慑或制服能力”。B(knife,刀)是凶器,警察通常不使用;C(stick,棍子)威慑力弱,难以制服逃跑的小偷;D(phone,手机)用于联系,无法直接抓小偷;A(gun,枪)是警察常用的威慑工具,可通过展示或使用阻止小偷逃跑,符合执法场景。
24. C
解析:“shoot many bullets quickly”(快速发射许多子弹)和“very powerful weapon in the war”(战争中非常强大的武器)是关键特征。A(knife,刀)、B(sword,剑)是冷兵器,无法“发射子弹”;D(bow,弓)发射的是箭,且速度慢、数量少;C(machine gun,机枪)的核心特点就是“快速连发子弹”,是战争中的强力武器,符合描述。
25. A
解析:“fell from the tree”(从树上掉下来)提示后续动作是“落地”。B(flew,飞)、C(jumped,跳)均为主动动作,而苹果是“被动掉落”,D(climbed,爬)与“掉下来”方向相反;A(dropped,落下)可表示“从高处被动掉落至地面”,与“fell”呼应,符合逻辑。
26. B
解析:“many people lost their lives in the war”(许多人在战争中丧生)提示两国的动作是“战争相关”。A(play,玩耍)、C(work,工作)、D(study,学习)均无“伤亡”风险,与“战争”无关;B(fight,打仗)代入后表示“两国为利益打仗,引发战争伤亡”,符合语境。
27. C
解析:“respect others and help each other”(尊重他人、互相帮助)是“人”的行为准则。A(animal,动物)、B(plant,植物)无法做出“尊重”“帮助”的人类行为,D(thing,物品)无生命,更无此类行为;C(human being,人类)是唯一能践行“尊重与互助”的主体,符合语境。
28. A
解析:“control the weather and everything in the world”(控制天气和世界万物)是超自然能力,古代故事中通常赋予“神明”。B(kings,国王)、C(queens,女王)虽有权力,但无超自然能力;D(heroes,英雄)有非凡能力,但无法“控制万物”;A(gods,神明)是古代故事中“拥有超自然力量、掌控万物”的角色,符合描述。
29. B
解析:“after working hard for three months”(努力工作三个月后)和“finally finished”(最终完成)提示时间节点是“最后”。A(At first,起初)表示“开始时”,与“完成”矛盾;C(At once,立刻)表示“瞬间”,与“三个月”的长时间矛盾;D(At most,至多)表示“数量上限”,不表时间;B(At last,最后)代入后表示“经过三个月努力,最后按时完成项目”,符合时间逻辑。
30. B
解析:“from the book”(从书上)和“keep it as a souvenir”(留作纪念)提示动作是“将图片从书上取下来”。C(drew,画)、D(painted,画)是“创作图片”,而非“从书上取”;A(cut,剪)需用工具,且易破坏书和图片;B(tore,撕)是“用手将图片从书上撕下”,符合“留作纪念”的日常场景(注:此处侧重动作与“从书上获取”的匹配,非倡导撕书行为)。
31. A
解析:“because the old one is too slow to use”(因为旧电脑太慢用不了)提示动作是“替换”而非“修理”。B(repair,修理)无法解决“太慢用不了”的核心问题;C(clean,清理)仅能去除灰尘,不影响速度;D(sell,卖掉)需搭配“买新的”才完整,题干已提“with a new one”(用新的),无需强调“卖”;A(replace,替换)后接“with”,表示“用新电脑替换旧电脑”,直接解决“旧电脑不能用”的问题,符合语境。
32. C
解析:“the cat”(猫)是动物,且未明确性别,需用中性反身代词。A(himself,他自己)、B(herself,她自己)均为性别特定代词,无法确定猫的性别时不适用;D(myself,我自己)指代“第一人称”,与“猫”无关;C(itself,它自己)是中性反身代词,用于指代无生命物体或性别不明的动物,符合“猫”的指代需求。
33. A
解析:题干主语是“we”(我们),反身代词需与主语人称一致。B(themselves,他们自己)、C(himself,他自己)、D(herself,她自己)均与“we”的人称不符;A(ourselves,我们自己)是“we”的反身代词,代入后表示“我们应该相信自己”,符合语境。
34. A
解析:“the stamp on the envelope”(信封上的邮票)提示动作是“粘贴”。B(put,放)、C(place,放置)仅表示“把邮票放在信封上”,未体现“固定”;D(set,设置)通常用于“设置设备”,不用于“邮票”;A(stick,粘贴)后接“on”,表示“将邮票粘贴在信封上”,是寄信的必要动作,符合常识。
35. A
解析:“never give up, even when you face difficulties”(即使面对困难也绝不放弃)提示对“梦想”的态度是“坚持”。B(give up,放弃)与“绝不放弃”矛盾;C(put off,推迟)侧重“延迟做某事”,不涉及“梦想”的长期态度;D(take off,起飞、脱下)与“梦想”无关;A(stick to,坚持)代入后表示“坚持梦想不放弃”,与后半句逻辑一致,符合语境。
36. B
解析:“went to the disaster area to help the people in need for free”(去灾区无偿帮助有需要的人)是“志愿者”的行为。A(lazy,懒惰的)与“去灾区帮助他人”的积极行为矛盾;C(rich,富有的)、D(poor,贫穷的)描述的是“经济状况”,与“无偿助人”的行为无关;B(voluntary,志愿的)修饰“workers”,表示“志愿者”,其核心行为就是“无偿帮助他人”,符合语境。
37. A
解析:“honesty and kindness”(诚实和善良)是人的“品质”而非“习惯”“爱好”或“技能”。B(habits,习惯)是“长期重复的行为”(如“早起”);C(hobbies,爱好)是“兴趣活动”(如“读书”);D(skills,技能)是“做事的能力”(如“做饭”);A(qualities,品质)指“人的内在道德或性格特征”,“诚实、善良”属于品质,符合描述。
38. C
解析:“he brings happiness to everyone around him”(他给周围的人带来快乐)提示男孩的性格是“开朗的”。A(sad,悲伤的)、B(angry,生气的)、D(bored,无聊的)均无法“带来快乐”;C(cheerful,开朗的、快乐的)代入后表示“男孩很开朗,能给他人带来快乐”,符合语境。
39. B
解析:“she always finishes her homework on time and gets good grades”(她总是按时完成作业并取得好成绩)提示同桌的特质是“勤奋的”。A(lazy,懒惰的)、C(careless,粗心的)、D(stupid,愚蠢的)均无法导致“按时完成作业、成绩好”的结果;B(hard-working,勤奋的)是“成绩好、按时完成作业”的核心原因,符合逻辑。
40. A
解析:“everything went smoothly as planned”(一切按计划顺利进行)提示会议的“组织情况”是“良好的”。B(messy,混乱的)、C(boring,无聊的)、D(difficult,困难的)均与“顺利进行”矛盾;A(organized,有组织的)代入后表示“会议组织得很好,所以顺利进行”,符合“原因与结果”的逻辑。
二、完成句子(根据汉语提示完成句子)
1. 我的叔叔是一名军人,我非常钦佩他。
My uncle is a ______, and I ______ him very much.
2. 不管怎样,我们都要在天黑前到达那个小镇。
______, we must ______ that small town before dark.
3. 这位医生无私的精神值得我们所有人钦佩。
The doctor's ______ spirit is worthy of all of us to ______.
4. 士兵们一个接一个地跨过了那座木制的桥。
The ______ crossed the ______ bridge ______.
5. 他主动提出帮助那位老人捡起掉在地上的木板。
He ______ to help the old man the ______ on the ground.
6. 在医院里,医生用X射线为病人检查膝盖是否有问题。
In the hospital, doctors use ______ to check if there is something wrong with the patients' ______.
7. 敌人向我们开火时,战士们勇敢地战斗。
When the ______ ______ at us, the soldiers ______ bravely.
8. 最终,科学家们发表了关于太阳能系统的研究报告。
______, the scientists ______ a research report on the ______ ______.
9. 她坚持参加志愿的医疗服务,去帮助遥远的山区人民。
She ______ ______ taking part in ______ ______ services to help people in the ______ mountain areas.
10. 毕业后,他选择去那个地区的工作场所,提供基础的帮助。
After ______, he ______ to go to the ______ in that ______ to provide ______ help.
11. 这台机器的轮子坏了,我们需要用新的来替换它自己。
The ______ of this machine is broken, and we need to ______ ______ with a new one.
12. 我们自己应该努力学习知识,以便完成老师布置的任务。
______ should study ______ hard to ______ the ______ given by the teacher.
13. 到处都是沸腾的水,大家一定要小心,别烫伤膝盖。
There is ______ water ______, so everyone must be careful not to scald their ______.
14. 他不仅工作努力,而且人品很好,总是乐于助人。
He is not only ______ but also has a good ______, and he is always ready to help others.
15. 为了占据桥头堡,士兵们不得不穿过敌人的机枪火力区。
To take the ______, the soldiers had to go through the fire area of the enemy's ______.
16. 更有甚者,这个更新的系统还能为我们提供更全面的医疗保健信息。
______, this ______ ______ can also provide us with more comprehensive ______ information.
17. 她快乐的笑容感染了身边的人,大家都为她欢呼。
Her ______ smile infected the people around her, and everyone ______ for her.
18. 他在战斗中被撕裂了衣服,还流了眼泪,但依然没有放弃战斗。
His clothes were ______ in the battle, and he shed ______, but he still didn't give up ______.
19. 我们计划去远足,出发前要挑选一些必要的物品,比如水和食物。
We plan to ______, and we need to ______ some necessary items before setting off, such as water and food.
20. 这位有条理的志愿者总是目标明确,能高效完成各项志愿工作。
This ______ volunteer is always ______ and can complete various voluntary work efficiently.
21. 他从车上掉下了一本书,幸好一位路人帮他捡了起来。
A book ______ from his car, and fortunately a passer-by helped him ______ it ______.
22. 在传说中,神拥有强大的力量,能保护人类免受危险。
In legends, ______ have powerful strength and can protect ______ from danger.
23. 这家出版社下周将发表一篇关于环境保护的文章。
This publishing house will ______ an article on environmental protection next week.
24. 他奋斗了很多年,终于在医学领域获得了重要的研究成果。
He ______ for many years, and finally obtained important research results in the ______ field.
25. 那辆客货车装满了医疗物资,正开往需要医疗服务的偏远地区。
That ______ is full of medical supplies and is heading to the remote ______ that needs ______.
26. 经历了令人痛苦的失败后,他依然保持着高兴的心态,继续努力。
After experiencing ______ failures, he still maintained a ______ attitude and continued to work hard.
27. 老师建议我们,在学习中遇到困难时,不管怎样都不要轻易放弃。
The teacher ______ us that when we encounter difficulties in study, we should not give up easily ______.
28. 他们用铁链把铁门拴住,防止敌人进入这个重要的区域。
They used ______ to fasten the iron gate to prevent the ______ from entering this important ______.
29. 完成这项可能的任务需要我们每个人都付出辛勤的努力。
______ this ______ ______ requires each of us to make hard ______ efforts.
30. 我们应该向那些无私的人学习,他们总是主动提供帮助,到处传播正能量。
We should learn from those ______ people who always ______ help and spread positive energy ______.
答案与解析:
1. soldier;admire
【解析】“军人”对应的英文单词是“soldier”,前面有不定冠词“a”,所以用单数形式;“钦佩”是动词“admire”,主语是第一人称“I”,句子时态为一般现在时,所以用动词原形。
2. In one way or another;arrive at
【解析】“不管怎样”是固定短语“In one way or another”,位于句首首字母大写;“到达”后面接小地点“that small town”,用“arrive at”,“must”后接动词原形,所以“arrive”用原形。
3. selfless;admire
【解析】“无私的”是形容词“selfless”,用来修饰名词“spirit”;“钦佩”是“admire”,“be worthy of sb. to do sth.”是固定用法,所以“admire”用原形。
4. soldiers;wooden;one by one
【解析】“士兵”是“soldier”,根据语境可知此处指多个士兵,用复数“soldiers”;“木制的”是形容词“wooden”,修饰名词“bridge”;“逐个地”是固定短语“one by one”。
5. offered;pick up;board
【解析】“主动提出”是“offer”,结合语境可知动作已发生,用一般过去时“offered”;“拿起”是固定短语“pick up”,“help sb. do sth.”中“pick”用原形;“木板”是“board”,此处指一块木板,用单数形式。
6. X-rays;knees
【解析】“X射线”是“X-ray”,常用复数形式“X-rays”;“膝盖”是“knee”,病人的膝盖通常指双侧,用复数“knees”。
7. enemies;fired;fought
【解析】“敌人”是“enemy”,此处指多个敌人,用复数“enemies”;“开火”是“fire”,结合语境动作发生在过去,用过去式“fired”;“战斗”是“fight”,过去式为“fought”。
8. At last;published;solar;system
【解析】“终于”是固定短语“At last”,首字母大写;“出版,发行”是“publish”,动作发生在过去,用过去式“published”;“太阳能的”是“solar”,“系统”是“system”,“太阳能系统”为“solar system”,用单数形式。
9. sticks to;voluntary;medical;faraway
【解析】“坚持”是固定短语“stick to”,主语是第三人称单数“she”,句子时态为一般现在时,“stick”用第三人称单数“sticks”;“志愿的”是“voluntary”,“医疗的”是“medical”,均修饰名词“services”;“遥远的”是“faraway”,修饰名词“mountain areas”。
10. graduation;picked;workplace;area;basic
【解析】“毕业”是名词“graduation”;“选择”是“pick”,动作发生在过去,用过去式“picked”;“工作场所”是“workplace”,“地区”是“area”,均用单数形式;“基本的”是“basic”,修饰名词“help”。
11. wheel;replace;itself
【解析】“轮子”是“wheel”,根据“is broken”可知用单数形式;“代替”是“replace”,“need to do sth.”中“replace”用原形;“它自己”是反身代词“itself”,指代“the wheel”。
12. Ourselves;knowledge;complete;task
【解析】“我们自己”是反身代词“Ourselves”,首字母大写;“知识”是不可数名词“knowledge”;“完成”是“complete”,“to”后接动词原形;“任务”是“task”,此处指老师布置的一项任务,用单数形式。
13. boiling;all over;knees
【解析】“沸腾的”是形容词“boiling”,修饰名词“water”;“到处”是固定短语“all over”;“膝盖”是“knee”,“their”后接复数“knees”。
14. hard-working;quality
【解析】“工作努力的”是形容词“hard-working”,在句中作表语;“人品,素质”是名词“quality”,“a good quality”表示“一种好的人品/素质”,用单数形式。
15. bridgehead;machine guns
【解析】“桥头堡”是“bridgehead”,用单数形式;“机枪”是“machine gun”,敌人的机枪通常不止一挺,用复数“machine guns”。
16. What's more;updated;system;healthcare
【解析】“更有甚者”是固定短语“What's more”,首字母大写;“更新的”是形容词“updated”,修饰名词“system”;“系统”是“system”,用单数形式;“医疗(服务)”是“healthcare”,不可数名词。
17. cheerful;cheered
【解析】“快乐的”是形容词“cheerful”,修饰名词“smile”;“欢呼”是“cheer”,动作发生在过去,用过去式“cheered”。
18. torn;tears;fighting
【解析】“撕裂”是“tear”,此处为被动语态,“be + 过去分词”,“tear”的过去分词是“torn”;“眼泪”是“tear”,常用复数“tears”;“战斗”是“fight”,“give up doing sth.”中“fight”用动名词“fighting”。
19. hike;pick
【解析】“去……远足”是“hike”,“plan to do sth.”中“hike”用原形;“挑选”是“pick”,“need to do sth.”中“pick”用原形。
20. organised;focused
【解析】“有条理的”是形容词“organised”,“注意力集中的”是形容词“focused”,二者均在句中作表语,修饰主语“this volunteer”。
21. dropped;pick;up
【解析】“落下”是“drop”,动作发生在过去,用过去式“dropped”;“拿起”是固定短语“pick up”,“help sb. do sth.”中“pick”用原形。
22. gods;human beings
【解析】“神”是“god”,根据“have”可知主语用复数“gods”;“人”是“human being”,常用复数“human beings”表示“人类”。
23. publish
【解析】“出版,发行;刊登,登载”是“publish”,“will”后接动词原形,所以“publish”用原形。
24. struggled;medical
【解析】“奋斗”是“struggle”,动作发生在过去,用过去式“struggled”;“医学的”是形容词“medical”,修饰名词“field”。
25. van;area;healthcare
【解析】“客货车”是“van”,根据“is”可知用单数形式;“地区”是“area”,用单数形式;“医疗(服务)”是“healthcare”,不可数名词。
26. painful;cheerful
【解析】“令人痛苦(或难过难堪)的”是形容词“painful”,修饰名词“failures”;“快乐的”是形容词“cheerful”,修饰名词“attitude”。
27. advised;in one way or another
【解析】“劝告,忠告”是“advise”,结合语境动作发生在过去,用过去式“advised”;“不管以何方式”是固定短语“in one way or another”。
28. chains;enemies;area
【解析】“链子,链条”是“chain”,此处指多根铁链,用复数“chains”;“敌人”是“enemy”,用复数“enemies”;“地区”是“area”,用单数形式。
29. Completing;possible;task;hard-working
【解析】“完成”是“complete”,此处作主语,用动名词“Completing”,首字母大写;“可能的”是形容词“possible”,修饰名词“task”;“任务”是“task”,用单数形式;“工作努力的”是形容词“hard-working”,修饰名词“efforts”。
30. selfless;offer;all over
【解析】“无私的”是形容词“selfless”,修饰名词“people”;“主动提供”是“offer”,主语是“who”指代的“those selfless people”,复数形式,句子时态为一般现在时,“offer”用原形;“到处”是固定短语“all over”。
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