11.Unit 3 Feelings and Emotions(重点词汇)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(北师大版2024)

2025-09-02
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语北师大版八年级上册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 3 Feelings and Emotions
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 词汇
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
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发布时间 2025-09-02
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审核时间 2025-09-02
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2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(北师大版2024) Unit 3 Feelings and Emotions重点词汇 必备知识清单 重点词汇释义 1. feeling n.情感,感情;感觉,感触(可指身体上的生理感觉,也可指心理上的情绪感受,常用复数形式feelings表示“情感”) 【用法释义】 作“感觉”讲时,为可数或不可数名词,可搭配“a + 形容词 + feeling”(如a warm feeling); 作“情感”讲时,常用复数feelings,强调内心的情绪状态,不可用单数形式描述多种情感。 【常用搭配】 have a feeling that... 有……的感觉(认为……) mixed feelings 复杂的情感 hurt sb.'s feelings 伤害某人的感情 【用法举例】 1. She has a strong feeling of happiness when she sees her family.(当看到家人时,她有一种强烈的幸福感。) 2. The cold wind gave me a feeling of chill.(寒风让我有一股寒意。) 3. You should be careful with your words, or you may hurt her feelings.(你说话要小心,否则可能会伤害她的感情。) 2. emotion n.强烈的感情,激情,情感,情绪(侧重较深沉、较强烈的情感,如爱、恨、悲伤、愤怒等,区别于日常轻微的情绪) 【用法释义】 为可数名词,可搭配“express/show/control + emotion”(表达/表现/控制情感); 常用复数形式emotions表示“多种情感”,主语多为人或人的内心活动。 【常用搭配】 express one's emotions 表达某人的情感 control one's emotions 控制某人的情绪 a wave of emotion 一阵情感(如一阵悲伤、一阵喜悦) 【用法举例】 1. Music can help people release their hidden emotions.(音乐能帮助人们释放隐藏的情感。) 2. He couldn't hold back his emotion when he heard the good news.(听到这个好消息时,他抑制不住自己的情绪。) 3. The actress showed different emotions perfectly in the movie.(这位女演员在电影中完美地展现了不同的情感。) 3. bored adj.厌倦的,烦闷的(主语必须是人,强调人因“无事可做或事情乏味”而感到无聊) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“be bored with sth./doing sth.”,表示“对某事/做某事感到厌倦”; 注意与“boring”区分:boring主语是物或事情,意为“令人厌倦的”(如a boring book一本无聊的书)。 【常用搭配】 be bored with (doing) sth. 对(做)某事感到厌倦 get bored 变得无聊 be bored to death 无聊得要死 【用法举例】 1. I'm bored with watching this repetitive TV show.(我对看这个重复的电视节目感到厌倦。) 2. The children got bored after staying at home for a whole day.(孩子们在家待了一整天后变得无聊了。) 3. She was bored to death during the long meeting.(漫长的会议期间,她无聊得要死。) 4. surprised adj.惊奇的,惊讶的(主语是人,强调人因“意外的事情”而产生的惊讶感受) 【用法释义】 常用搭配:“be surprised at sth.”(对某事感到惊讶)、“be surprised to do sth.”(做某事时感到惊讶)、“be surprised that...”(对……感到惊讶); 注意与“surprising”区分:surprising主语是物或事情,意为“令人惊讶的”(如a surprising result一个令人惊讶的结果)。 【常用搭配】 be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶 be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶 be surprised that... 对……感到惊讶 【用法举例】 1. We are all surprised at his sudden decision to leave.(我们都对他突然决定离开感到惊讶。) 2. She was surprised to find her lost key in the pocket.(她惊讶地发现丢失的钥匙在口袋里。) 3. I'm surprised that you can finish the work in such a short time.(我很惊讶你能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。) 5. worried adj.担心的,担忧的,发愁的(主语是人,强调人因“可能发生不好的事情”而感到焦虑) 【用法释义】 常用搭配:“be worried about sb./sth.”(担心某人/某事)、“be worried that...”(担心……); 可作定语修饰名词,如“a worried look”(担忧的表情)。 【常用搭配】 be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 be worried that... 担心…… look worried 看起来很担心 【用法举例】 1. Her parents are worried about her safety when she goes out alone.(她独自外出时,父母很担心她的安全。) 2. He is worried that he will fail the math exam.(他担心自己数学考试会不及格。) 3. The teacher has a worried look because some students are late.(老师露出担忧的表情,因为有些学生迟到了。) 6. argue vi.争论,争吵,争辩(强调因观点、意见不同而“争论”,可指轻微的争执,也可指激烈的争吵) 【用法释义】 不及物动词,不可直接接宾语,需搭配介词:“argue with sb.”(和某人争论)、“argue about/over sth.”(就某事争论); 若要表达“为某事和某人争论”,用“argue with sb. about/over sth.”。 【常用搭配】 argue with sb. 和某人争论 argue about/over sth. 就某事争论 argue with sb. about/over sth. 和某人就某事争论 【用法举例】 1. My brother and I often argue about which TV show to watch.(我和弟弟经常为看哪个电视节目争论。) 2. Don't argue with your parents; they just care about you.(别和父母争论,他们只是关心你。) 3. The two friends argued over a small misunderstanding yesterday.(昨天这两个朋友因为一个小误会争吵了。) 7. receive vt.拿到,接到,收到(强调“收到”的动作,不涉及是否“接受”;区别于“accept”,accept强调“主观接受”的意愿) 【用法释义】 及物动词,可直接接宾语,宾语常为信件、礼物、电话、邮件等; 常用搭配“receive sth. from sb.”(从某人那里收到某物)。 【常用搭配】 receive a letter/package/gift 收到信/包裹/礼物 receive a call/email 接到电话/收到邮件 receive sth. from sb. 从某人那里收到某物 【用法举例】 1. She received a birthday gift from her best friend last week.(上周她收到了最好朋友送的生日礼物。) 2. I received a call from my teacher this morning.(今天早上我接到了老师的电话。) 3. He received an email about the meeting time just now.(他刚才收到一封关于会议时间的邮件。) 8. nothing pron.没有什么(表示“不存在任何事物”,既可指人,也可指物,作主语时谓语动词用单数) 【用法释义】 不定代词,可单独作主语、宾语或表语; 常用搭配:“have nothing to do”(无事可做)、“nothing but”(除了……之外什么也没有,只不过)。 【常用搭配】 have nothing to do 无事可做 nothing but 除了……之外什么也没有;只不过 There is nothing wrong with... ……没什么问题 【用法举例】 1. There is nothing in the empty box.(这个空盒子里什么也没有。) 2. I have nothing to do this weekend, so I plan to read books.(这个周末我无事可做,所以打算看书。) 3. He said nothing but smiled when he saw me.(看到我时,他什么也没说,只是笑了笑。) 9. stand vt.&vi.vt. 容忍,忍受;站立,直立(“容忍”时多与can't/couldn't连用,用于否定句或疑问句,不用于肯定句;“站立”时可作及物或不及物动词) vi. 站立,直立 【用法释义】 表“容忍”:stand sb./sth.(容忍某人/某事)、stand doing sth.(容忍做某事),仅用于否定句/疑问句; 表“站立”:可单独作不及物动词(如stand up站起来),也可作及物动词接宾语(如stand the table by the window把桌子放在窗边)。 【常用搭配】 can't stand sb./sth. 不能容忍某人/某事 can't stand doing sth. 不能容忍做某事 stand up 站起来;起立 stand by 支持;袖手旁观 【用法举例】 1. I can't stand the noise from the next room.(我受不了隔壁房间的噪音。) 2. She can't stand waiting for others for a long time.(她不能容忍等别人很长时间。) 3. Everyone stood up when the teacher entered the classroom.(老师走进教室时,所有人都站了起来。) 10. poor adj.可怜的,不幸的;贫穷的(可修饰人或事物,修饰人时需注意语气,避免冒犯) 【用法释义】 表“贫穷的”:指经济条件差,常用“poor family”“poor people”; 表“可怜的,不幸的”:指因遭遇困难或不幸而令人同情,常用“poor + 名词”(如poor child可怜的孩子); 可用于“the poor”(穷人),表示一类人,作主语时谓语动词用复数。 【常用搭配】 poor family/people 贫困的家庭/人们 poor health 健康状况差 the poor 穷人(表一类人) 【用法举例】 1. Many volunteers help the poor in this small village.(很多志愿者帮助这个小村庄里的穷人。) 2. The poor little girl lost her parents in the accident.(这个可怜的小女孩在事故中失去了父母。) 3. He has been in poor health since last year.(自从去年以来,他的健康状况一直很差。) 11. understand vt.&vi.了解,体谅;懂,理解;认识到(强调“明白、领会”的过程或结果,可指理解语言、道理、他人的感受等) 【用法释义】 及物动词:可直接接宾语(如understand English懂英语、understand sb.理解某人); 可接从句:“understand that...”(明白……,认识到……); 常用“understand sb.'s feelings”(体谅某人的感受)表达“体谅”义。 【常用搭配】 understand sb./sth. 理解某人/某事 understand that... 明白……;认识到…… understand sb.'s feelings 体谅某人的感受 make oneself understood 使自己被理解 【用法举例】 1. Do you understand the meaning of this new word?(你明白这个新单词的意思吗?) 2. She understands that it's hard for him to finish the work alone.(她明白他一个人完成这项工作很难。) 3. He tried to explain, but he couldn't make himself understood.(他努力解释,但没能让别人理解自己。) 12. solve vt.解决,处理;破解(强调“找到解决办法”,宾语常为问题、难题、谜题等) 【用法释义】 及物动词,直接接宾语,常用搭配“solve a problem”(解决问题)、“solve a puzzle”(破解谜题); 区别于“deal with”:deal with强调“处理”的过程,solve强调“解决”的结果。 【常用搭配】 solve a problem 解决问题 solve a puzzle 破解谜题 solve a difficulty 克服困难 【用法举例】 1. We need to work together to solve this environmental problem.(我们需要共同努力解决这个环境问题。) 2. He spent two hours solving the math puzzle.(他花了两个小时破解这道数学谜题。) 3. The manager helped solve the difficulty between the two employees.(经理帮忙解决了两名员工之间的矛盾。) 13. shout vt.&vi.大声说;斥责;喊叫(强调因激动、愤怒、距离远等而“大声说话或喊叫”) 【用法释义】 不及物动词:“shout at sb.”(对某人大声喊叫,含斥责义)、“shout to sb.”(对某人大声喊,仅为让对方听见,无贬义); 及物动词:“shout sth.”(大声说某事)、“shout that...”(大声说……)。 【常用搭配】 shout at sb. 对某人大声喊叫(含斥责) shout to sb. 对某人大声喊(让对方听见) shout out 大声喊出 【用法举例】 1. The mother shouted at her son because he broke the vase.(妈妈对儿子大声喊叫,因为他打碎了花瓶。) 2. He shouted to me from the other side of the street.(他从街的另一边对我大声喊。) 3. The students shouted out the answer together.(学生们一起大声喊出了答案。) 14. control vt.&n.vt. 指挥,控制,掌管(强调“支配、约束”人或事物,使其按意愿发展) n. 管理权,控制权(不可数名词,常用“the control of sth.”“have control over sth.”) 【用法释义】 动词:“control sb./sth.”(控制某人/某事)、“control oneself”(控制自己的情绪、行为); 名词:“take control of”(掌控……)、“lose control of”(失去对……的控制)、“under control”(处于控制之中)。 【常用搭配】 control oneself 控制自己(的情绪/行为) take control of 掌控…… lose control of 失去对……的控制 under control 处于控制之中 【用法举例】 1. She tried to control her anger when she heard the bad news.(听到坏消息时,她努力控制自己的愤怒。) 2. The government took control of the situation quickly.(政府迅速掌控了局势。) 3. The fire is finally under control after hours of hard work.(经过数小时的努力,火势终于得到了控制。) 15. anger n.怒火,怒气(指因被冒犯、不满而产生的“愤怒情绪”,为不可数名词,无复数形式) 【用法释义】 可作主语、宾语,常用搭配“show anger”(表现出愤怒)、“hold back anger”(抑制愤怒)、“in anger”(愤怒地); 可与介词“with”搭配,“anger with sb.”(对某人的愤怒)。 【常用搭配】 show anger 表现出愤怒 hold back anger 抑制愤怒 in anger 愤怒地 anger with sb. 对某人的愤怒 【用法举例】 1. His words filled her with anger.(他的话让她充满了愤怒。) 2. She couldn't hold back her anger and shouted at him.(她忍不住怒火,对他大喊起来。) 3. He left the room in anger without saying a word.(他愤怒地离开房间,一句话也没说。) 16. communicate vt.&vi.vt. 交流(强调“传递信息、思想”,直接接宾语,如communicate ideas传递想法) vi. 沟通(强调“与人交流互动”,常用“communicate with sb.”) 【用法释义】 不及物动词:“communicate with sb.”(与某人沟通),为最常用搭配; 及物动词:“communicate sth. to sb.”(把某事传递给某人),宾语多为信息、观点、想法等。 【常用搭配】 communicate with sb. 与某人沟通 communicate sth. to sb. 把某事传递给某人 good communication skills 良好的沟通技巧(communication为名词“沟通”) 【用法举例】 1. It's important to communicate with your parents regularly.(定期和父母沟通很重要。) 2. She communicated her plan to the team members clearly.(她把自己的计划清楚地传达给了团队成员。) 3. Animals can communicate with each other in their own ways.(动物可以用它们自己的方式互相交流。) 17. upset adj.&vt.adj. 难过,不高兴,沮丧的(主语是人,强调因失望、挫折而“情绪低落”) vt. 使烦恼,使心烦意乱;打乱(强调“让某人情绪变差”或“打乱计划、秩序”) 【用法释义】 形容词:“be upset about/at sth.”(因某事而难过)、“be upset with sb.”(对某人感到不满); 动词:“upset sb.”(使某人心烦)、“upset sth.”(打乱某事,如计划、安排),过去式和过去分词仍为upset。 【常用搭配】 be upset about/at sth. 因某事而难过 be upset with sb. 对某人感到不满 upset sb. 使某人心烦 upset one's plans 打乱某人的计划 【用法举例】 1. She was upset about missing the important meeting.(她因为错过重要会议而难过。) 2. His careless words upset his best friend.(他无心的话让最好的朋友心烦。) 3. The heavy rain upset our plan to go hiking.(大雨打乱了我们去徒步旅行的计划。) 18. emotional adj.情绪激动的,感情冲动的;感情的,情绪的(可描述人“易情绪化的”,也可描述事物“与情感相关的”) 【用法释义】 修饰人:“an emotional person”(情绪化的人),表示人容易被情绪影响; 修饰事物:“emotional music”(抒情音乐)、“emotional story”(感人的故事),表示与情感相关。 【常用搭配】 emotional person 情绪化的人 emotional moment 激动人心的时刻 emotional support 情感支持 【用法举例】 1. She is a very emotional person; she cries easily when watching sad movies.(她是个很情绪化的人,看悲伤的电影时很容易哭。) 2. The speech touched everyone and created an emotional moment.(这场演讲打动了所有人,营造了一个激动人心的时刻。) 3. Friends can give us important emotional support when we are in trouble.(遇到困难时,朋友能给我们重要的情感支持。) 19. ordinary adj.普通的,平常的(强调“无特殊之处、平凡的”,区别于“special”(特别的)、“unusual”(不寻常的)) 【用法释义】 可作定语修饰名词(如ordinary life平凡的生活),也可作表语(如He is ordinary.他很平凡); 区别于“common”:common强调“常见的”(如common mistake常见的错误),ordinary强调“平凡的、无特色的”。 【常用搭配】 ordinary life 平凡的生活 ordinary people 普通人 in ordinary times 在平常时期 【用法举例】 1. He lives an ordinary life with his family in a small town.(他和家人在一个小镇过着平凡的生活。) 2. This is just an ordinary book, but it has a deep meaning.(这只是一本普通的书,但它有着深刻的意义。) 3. Ordinary people can also do great things if they work hard.(普通人只要努力,也能做伟大的事。) 20. teenager n.青少年(指13至19岁的年轻人,为可数名词,单复数同形,复数直接加s) 【用法释义】 可直接作主语或宾语,常用搭配“teenager life”(青少年生活)、“young teenager”(十三四岁的青少年); 注意:“teenage”为形容词,意为“青少年的”(如teenage girls少女)。 【常用搭配】 teenage life 青少年生活 a group of teenagers 一群青少年 problems of teenagers 青少年的问题 【用法举例】 1. Many teenagers like to listen to pop music.(很多青少年喜欢听流行音乐。) 2. She started learning English when she was a teenager.(她十几岁时就开始学英语了。) 3. This program is designed to help teenagers solve their study problems.(这个节目旨在帮助青少年解决学习问题。) 21. while conj.在……期间,当……的时候;虽然,尽管(引导时间状语从句或让步状语从句) 【用法释义】 引导时间状语从句:表示“当……发生时,另一件事正在进行”,从句常用进行时(如I was reading while he was watching TV.); 引导让步状语从句:表示“虽然、尽管”,语气比“though”“although”弱,常放在句首,且从句与主句之间用逗号隔开(如While he is young, he is very experienced.)。 【常用搭配】 while doing sth. 当做某事的时候(省略从句主语,主语需与主句一致) while + 从句(进行时) 当……正在发生时 While..., 主句. 虽然……,但是……(不可与but连用) 【用法举例】 1. I often listen to music while I am doing my homework.(我做作业时经常听音乐。) 2. While she is not good at math, she does well in English.(虽然她数学不好,但英语学得很好。) 3. He fell asleep while watching a boring movie.(他看无聊电影时睡着了。) 22. test n.,vt.&vi.n. 测验,考查;试验,测试(可数名词,如math test数学测验、blood test血液检测) vt.&vi. 测验,考查;试验,测试(如test students考学生、test a machine测试机器) 【用法释义】 名词:“take a test”(参加测验)、“pass/fail a test”(通过/未通过测验); 动词:“test sb. on sth.”(就某事测验某人)、“test sth. for sth.”(为检测……而测试某物)。 【常用搭配】 take a test 参加测验 pass/fail a test 通过/未通过测验 test sb. on sth. 就某事测验某人 test a machine 测试机器 【用法举例】 1. We will take a physics test next Monday.(我们下周一要参加物理测验。) 2. The teacher tested us on the new words we learned yesterday.(老师就我们昨天学的新单词测验了我们。) 3. The workers are testing the new machine to make sure it works.(工人们正在测试新机器,确保它能正常运行。) 23. hold on to抓紧,不放开;坚持(观点、信念等)(为动词短语,后接名词或代词) 【用法释义】 表“抓紧”:后接具体事物(如hold on to the rope抓紧绳子); 表“坚持”:后接抽象事物(如hold on to one's dream坚持梦想),不可分开使用,代词需放在to前(如hold on to it)。 【常用搭配】 hold on to sth. 抓紧某物;坚持某事 hold on to one's dream 坚持某人的梦想 hold on to the handrail 抓紧扶手 【用法举例】 1. Hold on to the handrail when you take the escalator.(坐自动扶梯时要抓紧扶手。) 2. She decided to hold on to her dream of becoming a doctor.(她决定坚持自己当医生的梦想。) 3. The little boy held on to his mother's hand tightly in the crowd.(在人群中,小男孩紧紧抓住妈妈的手。) 24. pretend vt.&vi.假装(强调“故意表现出不真实的状态或行为”,以欺骗他人或掩饰真实情况) 【用法释义】 后接不定式:“pretend to do sth.”(假装做某事)、“pretend to be + adj./n.”(假装是……); 后接从句:“pretend that...”(假装……),从句常用过去时表示“假装过去的情况”。 【常用搭配】 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 pretend to be + adj./n. 假装是……(如pretend to be asleep假装睡着) pretend that... 假装…… 【用法举例】 1. He pretended to be busy when his mother asked him to help.(妈妈让他帮忙时,他假装很忙。) 2. The children pretended to be tigers and ran around the room.(孩子们假装是老虎,在房间里跑来跑去。) 3. She pretended that she didn't know the truth, but we all knew she did.(她假装不知道真相,但我们都知道她知道。) 25. among prep.在……中,周围是;……之一(用于三者或三者以上的“在……之间”,区别于“between”(用于两者之间)) 【用法释义】 后接复数名词或集合名词(如among the students在学生们中、among the trees在树林中); 表“……之一”时,常用“among + 复数名词”(如among the best students在最好的学生之中)。 【常用搭配】 among + 复数名词 在……之中(三者及以上) among friends 在朋友中 be among the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 是……中最……之一 【用法举例】 1. She found her key among the books on the desk.(她在桌子上的书中间找到了钥匙。) 2. He is very popular among his classmates because he is friendly.(他在同学中很受欢迎,因为他很友好。) 3. This book is among the most interesting books I have ever read.(这本书是我读过的最有趣的书之一。) 26. stage n.时期,阶段;舞台(可数名词,根据语境区分含义) 【用法释义】 表“时期,阶段”:常用“at this stage”(在这个阶段)、“in the early/late stage”(在早期/晚期阶段); 表“舞台”:常用“on the stage”(在舞台上)、“go on stage”(上台表演)。 【常用搭配】 at this stage 在这个阶段 in the early stage 在早期阶段 on the stage 在舞台上 go on stage 上台表演 【用法举例】 1. Children learn a lot of new things at the stage of childhood.(孩子们在童年时期会学习很多新东西。) 2. The project is still in the early stage, so we need to work harder.(这个项目还处于早期阶段,所以我们需要更努力。) 3. The singer was nervous when she went on stage for the first time.(这位歌手第一次上台表演时很紧张。) 27. childhood n.童年,孩童时期(指从出生到青春期前的时期,为不可数名词,无复数形式) 【用法释义】 可作主语、宾语,常用搭配“childhood memories”(童年记忆)、“in one's childhood”(在某人的童年时期); 可与形容词搭配,如“happy childhood”(快乐的童年)、“difficult childhood”(艰难的童年)。 【常用搭配】 childhood memories 童年记忆 in one's childhood 在某人的童年时期 happy/difficult childhood 快乐的/艰难的童年 【用法举例】 1. She has many sweet childhood memories of playing with her friends.(她有很多和朋友一起玩耍的甜蜜童年记忆。) 2. In his childhood, he lived with his grandparents in the countryside.(他童年时和祖父母住在乡下。) 3. A happy childhood is very important for a person's growth.(快乐的童年对一个人的成长非常重要。) 28. adult n.&adj.n. 成年人(指年满18岁的人,可数名词,复数加s) adj. 成年的;成熟的(修饰人或事物,如adult life成年生活、adult behavior成熟的行为) 【用法释义】 名词:“an adult”(一个成年人)、“adults and children”(成人和儿童); 形容词:“adult education”(成人教育)、“adult responsibilities”(成年人的责任)。 【常用搭配】 an adult 一个成年人 adult life 成年生活 adult education 成人教育 adult behavior 成熟的行为 【用法举例】 1. Adults should take responsibility for their own actions.(成年人应该为自己的行为负责。) 2. She started working and entered adult life after graduating from college.(大学毕业后,她开始工作,进入了成年生活。) 3. This book is suitable for both children and adults.(这本书既适合儿童也适合成人。) 29. brain n.脑;智力,脑力(可数名词,指“大脑”时常用单数;指“智力”时常用复数brains,不可数) 【用法释义】 表“大脑”:“the brain”(大脑)、“hurt one's brain”(伤到大脑); 表“智力”:“use one's brains”(动脑筋)、“have good brains”(聪明,有头脑),常用复数形式。 【常用搭配】 the human brain 人类大脑 use one's brains 动脑筋 have good brains 聪明,有头脑 rack one's brains 绞尽脑汁 【用法举例】 1. The human brain is one of the most complex organs in the body.(人类大脑是身体中最复杂的器官之一。) 2. You need to use your brains to solve this difficult problem.(你需要动脑筋解决这个难题。) 3. She racked her brains but still couldn't remember his name.(她绞尽脑汁,但还是想不起他的名字。) 30. rapidly adv.迅速地,快速地(修饰动词,强调“速度快、变化快”,区别于“slowly”(缓慢地)) 【用法释义】 常放在动词后或句末,也可放在动词前强调速度; 可修饰“增长、变化、发展”等动词,如grow rapidly(快速增长)、change rapidly(快速变化)。 【常用搭配】 grow rapidly 快速增长 change rapidly 快速变化 develop rapidly 快速发展 【用法举例】 1. The city has developed rapidly in the past ten years.(过去十年,这座城市发展得很快。) 2. The number of online shoppers is growing rapidly every year.(每年网购者的数量都在快速增长。) 3. The weather changed rapidly; it was sunny just now, but now it's raining.(天气变化很快,刚才还晴天,现在就下雨了。) 31. physical adj.身体的,肉体的;客观存在的,物质的(可修饰“身体、健康、变化”等,也可修饰“物体、世界”等) 【用法释义】 表“身体的”:“physical health”(身体健康)、“physical exercise”(体育锻炼)、“physical pain”(身体疼痛); 表“客观存在的”:“physical world”(物质世界)、“physical objects”(实物)。 【常用搭配】 physical health 身体健康 physical exercise 体育锻炼 physical change 物理变化(与chemical change化学变化相对) physical world 物质世界 【用法举例】 1. Regular physical exercise is good for our physical and mental health.(规律的体育锻炼对我们的身心健康有益。) 2. He suffered from physical pain after the accident.(事故后,他承受着身体上的疼痛。) 3. Ice melting into water is a physical change, not a chemical change.(冰融化成水是物理变化,不是化学变化。) 32. cause vt.&n.vt. 造成,引起,导致(强调“作为原因导致结果”,主语多为事物,宾语多为问题、疾病、事故等) n. 原因;理由(可数名词,“the cause of sth.”(某事的原因),区别于“reason”(侧重“解释原因的理由”)) 【用法释义】 动词:“cause sth.”(导致某事)、“cause sb. to do sth.”(导致某人做某事); 名词:“the cause of sth.”(某事的原因)、“for the cause of...”(为了……的事业,如for the cause of peace为了和平事业)。 【常用搭配】 cause sth. 导致某事(如cause trouble带来麻烦) cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 the cause of sth. 某事的原因 for the cause of... 为了……的事业 【用法举例】 1. Smoking can cause many serious diseases.(吸烟会导致很多严重的疾病。) 2. The bad weather caused us to cancel the outdoor activity.(恶劣天气导致我们取消了户外活动。) 3. Do you know the cause of the traffic accident yesterday?(你知道昨天那场交通事故的原因吗?) 33. ups and downs浮沉,兴衰,荣辱(为固定短语,常用复数形式,无单数,指“人生、事业等的起伏变化”) 【用法释义】 可作主语、宾语,常用“have ups and downs”(有起有伏)、“experience ups and downs”(经历起伏); 不用于修饰名词,需单独使用描述“变化过程”。 【常用搭配】 have ups and downs 有起有伏 experience ups and downs 经历起伏 the ups and downs of life 人生的起起落落 【用法举例】 1. Everyone's life has its ups and downs; we should face them bravely.(每个人的人生都有起起落落,我们应该勇敢面对。) 2. The company has experienced many ups and downs since it was founded.(这家公司自成立以来经历了很多兴衰。) 3. She told me about the ups and downs of her career in the past ten years.(她给我讲了过去十年她职业生涯的起伏。) 34. deaf adj.聋的;不愿听的,充耳不闻的(可描述人“生理上的聋”,也可描述人“不愿意听别人的话”) 【用法释义】 表“聋的”:“be deaf”(是聋的)、“deaf people”(聋人),常用“the deaf”(聋人群体),作主语时谓语动词用复数; 表“不愿听的”:“be deaf to sth.”(对某事充耳不闻),如be deaf to advice对建议充耳不闻。 【常用搭配】 the deaf 聋人群体 be deaf to sth. 对某事充耳不闻 deaf and dumb 又聋又哑的(注意:该短语略显不礼貌,现常用“deaf and non-verbal”) 【用法举例】 1. The old man has been deaf for five years, so he needs a hearing aid.(这位老人已经聋了五年,所以他需要助听器。) 2. She is always deaf to her parents' advice; that's why she often makes mistakes.(她总是对父母的建议充耳不闻,这就是她经常犯错的原因。) 3. The organization provides help for the deaf in this city.(这个组织为这座城市的聋人群体提供帮助。) 35. roller coaster过山车(可数名词,指游乐园里的游乐设施,也可比喻“人生、情绪的起伏”) 【用法释义】 表“过山车”:“ride a roller coaster”(坐过山车)、“a scary roller coaster”(惊险的过山车); 比喻义:“a roller coaster of emotions”(情绪的大起大落),常用“a roller coaster of + 名词”结构。 【常用搭配】 ride a roller coaster 坐过山车 a roller coaster of emotions 情绪的大起大落 an exciting roller coaster 刺激的过山车 【用法举例】 1. My little sister was too scared to ride the roller coaster.(我妹妹太害怕了,不敢坐过山车。) 2. The past few months have been a roller coaster of emotions for her.(过去几个月对她来说是情绪的大起大落。) 3. We waited in line for an hour to ride the new roller coaster in the amusement park.(我们排队等了一个小时,就为了坐游乐园里的新过山车。) 36. relationship n.关系,联系(可数名词,可指人与人之间的“关系”(如朋友、家人关系),也可指事物之间的“联系”) 【用法释义】 指人际关系:“relationship between A and B”(A和B之间的关系)、“good/bad relationship”(好/坏关系); 指事物联系:“relationship between two factors”(两个因素之间的联系)。 【常用搭配】 relationship between A and B A和B之间的关系/联系 family relationship 家庭关系 friendship relationship 朋友关系 improve one's relationship with sb. 改善与某人的关系 【用法举例】 1. Good communication can improve the relationship between parents and children.(良好的沟通能改善父母和孩子之间的关系。) 2. Scientists are studying the relationship between air pollution and health.(科学家正在研究空气污染和健康之间的联系。) 3. She has a close relationship with her sister; they tell each other everything.(她和妹妹关系亲密,她们什么都告诉对方。) 37. compare vt.比较,对比(强调“将两者或多者放在一起,找出相同点或不同点”) 【用法释义】 常用搭配:“compare A with B”(将A与B比较,侧重找不同)、“compare A to B”(将A比作B,侧重打比方,如把人生比作旅程); 可用于“compared with/to...”(与……相比),作状语,放句首或句末。 【常用搭配】 compare A with B 将A与B比较 compare A to B 将A比作B compared with/to... 与……相比 【用法举例】 1. The teacher asked us to compare the two poems and find their differences.(老师让我们比较这两首诗,找出它们的不同之处。) 2. People often compare life to a journey full of challenges.(人们常把人生比作一段充满挑战的旅程。) 3. Compared with last year, our company's profits have increased a lot this year.(与去年相比,我们公司今年的利润增长了很多。) 38. harm n.&vt.n. 伤害,损害(不可数名词,“do harm to sb./sth.”(对某人/某事造成伤害)) vt. 伤害,损害(及物动词,“harm sb./sth.”(伤害某人/某事),语气比“hurt”(伤害,侧重疼痛)、“injure”(受伤,侧重身体伤害)弱) 【常用搭配】 do harm to sb./sth. 对某人/某事造成伤害 harm sb./sth. 伤害某人/某事 no harm done 没造成伤害;没关系(用于道歉后回应) 【用法举例】 1. Too much screen time can do harm to your eyes.(长时间看屏幕会对你的眼睛造成伤害。) 2. Don't harm the small animals; they are our friends.(不要伤害小动物,它们是我们的朋友。) 3. I accidentally knocked over his cup, but he said "no harm done".(我不小心打翻了他的杯子,但他说“没关系”。) 39. succeed vi.成功(不及物动词,不可直接接宾语,需搭配介词“in”,表示“在某方面成功”;区别于“successful”(形容词,成功的)、“success”(名词,成功)) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“succeed in (doing) sth.”(成功做某事); 可用于“succeed to sth.”(继承某物,如继承财产、职位),但较少见,日常主要用“succeed in doing sth.”。 【常用搭配】 succeed in (doing) sth. 成功做某事 succeed in one's career 在事业上成功 succeed to the throne 继承王位(较正式) 【用法举例】 1. He worked hard and finally succeeded in passing the exam.(他努力学习,最终成功通过了考试。) 2. She hopes to succeed in her dream of becoming a famous singer.(她希望能实现成为著名歌手的梦想。) 3. After years of hard work, the company succeeded in developing a new product.(经过多年努力,这家公司成功研发出了一款新产品。) 40. probably adv.很可能,大概(表示“可能性较大”,程度比“maybe”(可能,可能性较小)、“perhaps”(也许,可能性中等)强) 【用法释义】 常放在be动词、情态动词(can, will等)后,实义动词前; 可用于句首,表示“很可能”,如“Probably he will come back soon.”(他很可能很快会回来。)。 【常用搭配】 probably + 动词 很可能…… will probably do sth. 很可能做某事 is probably + adj. 很可能是…… 【用法举例】 1. It's getting dark, so they will probably be home soon.(天快黑了,所以他们很可能很快就到家了。) 2. She probably forgot about our meeting because she didn't call.(她很可能忘了我们的会议,因为她没打电话。) 3. Probably we need to take an umbrella; the sky looks dark.(我们很可能需要带把伞,天看起来阴沉沉的。) 41. appearance n.外貌,外观,外表(不可数名词,指“人的外貌”或“事物的外观”;区别于“appear”(动词,出现;看起来)) 【用法释义】 表“外貌”:“one's appearance”(某人的外貌),常用“judge by appearance”(以貌取人); 表“外观”:“the appearance of sth.”(某物的外观),如“the appearance of the building”(建筑物的外观)。 【常用搭配】 judge by appearance 以貌取人 change one's appearance 改变外貌/外观 the appearance of sth. 某物的外观 【用法举例】 1. We shouldn't judge a person by his or her appearance.(我们不应该以貌取人。) 2. She changed her appearance by cutting her long hair short.(她把长发剪短,改变了自己的外貌。) 3. The new car has a modern and stylish appearance.(这款新车有着现代且时尚的外观。) 42. medium adj.&n.adj. 中等的,中号的(常缩写为“M”,用于描述尺寸、大小、程度等,如medium size中号) n. 媒介,手段,方法(可数名词,复数形式为media,指“传播媒介”(如电视、报纸)或“工具、手段”) 【用法释义】 形容词:“medium size”(中号)、“medium height”(中等身高)、“medium temperature”(中等温度); 名词:“mass media”(大众传媒)、“by means of medium”(通过某种手段)。 【常用搭配】 medium size 中号 medium height 中等身高 mass media 大众传媒 medium of communication 沟通媒介 【用法举例】 1. I want to buy a T-shirt in medium size; small is too tight.(我想买一件中号的T恤,小号太紧了。) 2. He is of medium height, with short black hair.(他中等身高,留着黑色短发。) 3. TV and newspapers are important mass media in our daily life.(电视和报纸是我们日常生活中重要的大众传媒。) 43. height n.身高,高度(不可数名词,指“身高”时,常用“one's height”(某人的身高);指“高度”时,常用“the height of sth.”(某物的高度)) 【用法释义】 表“身高”:“What's your height?”(你身高多少?)、“be of + 形容词 + height”(身高……,如be of medium height中等身高); 表“高度”:“the height of a mountain”(山的高度)、“at the height of...”(在……的顶峰,如at the height of summer在盛夏)。 【常用搭配】 one's height 某人的身高 be of medium height 中等身高 the height of sth. 某物的高度 at the height of... 在……的顶峰 【用法举例】 1. What's your height? I think you are taller than me.(你身高多少?我觉得你比我高。) 2. The height of this building is 100 meters.(这座建筑物的高度是100米。) 3. At the height of summer, the temperature here can reach 40 degrees.(在盛夏,这里的气温能达到40度。) 44. slim adj.苗条的,纤细的;(机会)微小的(可描述人“身材苗条”,也可描述“机会、希望等微小”) 【用法释义】 表“苗条的”:多形容女性身材,也可形容男性“修长的”,比较级slimmer,最高级slimmest; 表“微小的”:“slim chance”(微小的机会)、“slim hope”(微小的希望),仅用于修饰抽象名词。 【常用搭配】 slim figure 苗条的身材 slim chance 微小的机会 keep slim 保持苗条 【用法举例】 1. She keeps doing exercise every day to keep slim.(她每天坚持锻炼以保持苗条。) 2. There is a slim chance that we can catch the last bus.(我们赶上末班车的机会很微小。) 3. The girl has a slim figure and long hair.(这个女孩身材苗条,留着长发。) 45. well built身强力壮的,体格健美的(为形容词短语,用于描述人“身材结实、健壮”,尤指男性,只能作表语或定语,不能单独作谓语) 【用法释义】 作表语:“sb. be well built”(某人身材健壮); 作定语:“a well-built man”(一个体格健美的男人),注意作定语时需加连字符“-”。 【常用搭配】 be well built 身材健壮 a well-built person 体格健美的人 【用法举例】 1. The football player is well built; he can run very fast.(这位足球运动员身材健壮,他能跑得很快。) 2. My uncle is a well-built man who often goes to the gym.(我叔叔是个体格健美的人,他经常去健身房。) 3. The security guard looks well built, so everyone feels safe with him around.(保安看起来身材健壮,所以有他在,大家都觉得安全。) 46. wavy adj.波浪形的;起伏不平的(可描述“头发、线条”等为“波浪形的”,也可描述“道路、山脉”等为“起伏不平的”) 【用法释义】 修饰头发:“wavy hair”(波浪发); 修饰物体/地形:“wavy lines”(波浪线)、“wavy roads”(起伏的道路)。 【常用搭配】 wavy hair 波浪发 wavy lines 波浪线 wavy hills 起伏的小山 【用法举例】 1. She has beautiful wavy hair that shines in the sun.(她有一头漂亮的波浪发,在阳光下闪闪发光。) 2. The artist drew some wavy lines on the paper to represent the sea.(艺术家在纸上画了一些波浪线来代表大海。) 3. We drove along the wavy road through the mountains.(我们沿着穿过山脉的起伏道路行驶。) 47. personality n.性格,个性,人格(可数名词,指个人稳定的性格特征,区别于“character”(侧重“品德、品性”)、“temper”(侧重“脾气”)) 【用法释义】 常用“a + 形容词 + personality”(如a friendly personality友好的性格); 可搭配“develop one's personality”(培养个性)、“have a good personality”(性格好)。 【常用搭配】 friendly/outgoing personality 友好的/外向的性格 develop one's personality 培养个性 have a good personality 性格好 【用法举例】 1. She has a very outgoing personality, so she makes friends easily.(她性格非常外向,所以很容易交到朋友。) 2. Reading books can help develop a person's personality.(读书有助于培养一个人的个性。) 3. Employers often value not only skills but also a good personality.(雇主通常不仅看重技能,也看重良好的性格。) 48. sociable adj.好交际的,合群的,友好的(描述人“喜欢与人交往、容易相处”,区别于“unsociable”(不爱交际的)) 【用法释义】 可作表语(“sb. be sociable”(某人好交际))或定语(“a sociable person”(好交际的人)); 常用搭配“be sociable with sb.”(与某人友好相处)。 【常用搭配】 sociable person 好交际的人 be sociable with sb. 与某人友好相处 sociable atmosphere 友好的氛围 【用法举例】 1. My sister is very sociable; she likes to talk to new people.(我妹妹很爱交际,她喜欢和陌生人聊天。) 2. He is sociable with his classmates, so he is very popular in the class.(他和同学友好相处,所以在班里很受欢迎。) 3. The party has a sociable atmosphere where everyone can relax and talk.(这场派对氛围友好,每个人都能放松聊天。) 49. humorous adj.有幽默感的;滑稽有趣的(描述人“善于讲笑话、让人发笑”,或描述事物“有趣、引人发笑”;区别于“humor”(名词,幽默)) 【用法释义】 修饰人:“a humorous person”(有幽默感的人); 修饰事物:“a humorous story”(滑稽的故事)、“humorous movies”(喜剧电影)。 【常用搭配】 humorous person 有幽默感的人 humorous story/joke 滑稽的故事/笑话 have a humorous sense 有幽默感(=have a sense of humor) 【用法举例】 1. Our math teacher is very humorous; his classes are always full of laughter.(我们的数学老师很有幽默感,他的课总是充满笑声。) 2. She told a humorous story to make everyone feel less nervous.(她讲了一个滑稽的故事,让大家不那么紧张。) 3. People who are humorous are usually more popular with others.(有幽默感的人通常更受别人欢迎。) 50. herself pron.她自己(反身代词,用于主语是女性的情况,强调“某人亲自、独自”或“某人自己”) 【用法释义】 作宾语:用于动词或介词后,主语与宾语为同一女性,如“she hurt herself”(她伤到了自己); 作同位语:用于名词或代词后,强调“亲自”,如“she did it herself”(她亲自做的); 常用搭配“by herself”(独自地)、“enjoy herself”(玩得开心)。 【常用搭配】 by herself 独自地 enjoy herself 玩得开心 hurt herself 伤到她自己 do sth. by herself 独自做某事 【用法举例】 1. She made the cake by herself without any help.(她没要任何帮助,独自做了这个蛋糕。) 2. My little sister enjoyed herself at the birthday party.(我妹妹在生日派对上玩得很开心。) 3. She looked at herself in the mirror and smiled.(她看着镜子里的自己,笑了。) 51. mirror n.镜子(可数名词,指“能反射影像的镜子”,也可比喻“反映、写照”) 【用法释义】 表“镜子”:“look in the mirror”(照镜子)、“a bathroom mirror”(浴室镜子); 比喻义:“a mirror of sth.”(某物的反映/写照),如“a mirror of society”(社会的写照)。 【常用搭配】 look in the mirror 照镜子 bathroom mirror 浴室镜子 a mirror of society 社会的写照 【用法举例】 1. She looked in the mirror and fixed her hair before going out.(出门前,她照了照镜子,整理了头发。) 2. The mirror in our bedroom is big enough for two people to use.(我们卧室里的镜子足够两个人用。) 3. This book is a mirror of the life of ordinary people in the 19th century.(这本书是19世纪普通人生活的写照。) 52. as adv.&conj.adv. 像……一样,如同;(用于比较)和……一样(常用于“as + adj./adv. + as”结构,表“和……一样……”) conj. 当……时,随着;正如;虽然(引导时间、方式、让步状语从句) 【用法释义】 副词:“as...as...”(和……一样……,否定式“not as...as...”不如……); 连词: 1. 引导时间从句:“as + 从句”(当……时,如As she walked, she sang.); 2. 引导方式从句:“as + 从句”(正如……,如Do as I told you.); 3. 引导让步从句:“as + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语”(虽然……,如Young as he is, he knows a lot.)。 【常用搭配】 as...as... 和……一样…… not as...as... 不如…… as time goes by 随着时间的流逝 as sb. said 正如某人所说 Young as he is... 虽然他年轻……(让步从句) 【用法举例】 1. This book is as interesting as that one.(这本书和那本书一样有趣。) 2. As she walked home, she thought about the day's events.(走回家时,她想着白天发生的事。) 3. Brave as she is, she still felt nervous before the speech.(虽然她很勇敢,但演讲前还是感到紧张。) 53. outgoing adj.爱交际的,友好的,外向的(描述人“性格开朗、喜欢与人交往”,区别于“shy”(害羞的)、“introverted”(内向的)) 【用法释义】 可作表语(“sb. be outgoing”(某人外向))或定语(“an outgoing person”(外向的人)); 常用搭配“be outgoing with sb.”(对某人友好外向)。 【常用搭配】 outgoing person 外向的人 be outgoing with friends 对朋友外向友好 outgoing personality 外向的性格 【用法举例】 1. He is very outgoing, so he always takes part in class activities.(他很外向,所以总是参加班级活动。) 2. My new neighbor is an outgoing girl who often invites us to her home.(我的新邻居是个外向的女孩,她经常邀请我们去她家。) 3. Being outgoing helps you make more friends in a new environment.(性格外向有助于你在新环境中交到更多朋友。) 54. uncomfortable adj.使人不舒服的,令人不舒适的(可描述“物品、环境”让人不舒服,也可描述“感觉、氛围”让人不自在;否定式“comfortable”(舒适的)) 【用法释义】 修饰物品/环境:“uncomfortable chair”(不舒服的椅子)、“uncomfortable weather”(令人不适的天气); 修饰感觉/氛围:“uncomfortable silence”(尴尬的沉默)、“feel uncomfortable”(感到不舒服/不自在)。 【常用搭配】 uncomfortable chair/bed 不舒服的椅子/床 feel uncomfortable 感到不舒服/不自在 uncomfortable atmosphere 令人不自在的氛围 【用法举例】 1. This chair is very uncomfortable; I can't sit on it for long.(这把椅子很不舒服,我不能长时间坐在上面。) 2. She felt uncomfortable when everyone looked at her.(当所有人都看着她时,她感到很不自在。) 3. The hot and humid weather makes me feel uncomfortable.(又热又潮湿的天气让我感到不舒服。) 55. good-looking adj.漂亮的,好看的(用于描述人“外貌好看”,可形容男性或女性,语气比“beautiful”(美丽的,多形容女性)、“handsome”(英俊的,多形容男性)更口语化) 【用法释义】 可作表语(“sb. be good-looking”(某人好看))或定语(“a good-looking man/woman”(好看的男人/女人)); 不用于修饰事物,仅用于描述人的外貌。 【常用搭配】 good-looking person 好看的人 a good-looking couple 一对好看的情侣 【用法举例】 1. Her brother is very good-looking; many girls like him.(她的哥哥很好看,很多女孩喜欢他。) 2. The new teacher is young and good-looking, so the students like her.(新老师年轻又好看,所以学生们都喜欢她。) 3. People often say that he and his wife are a good-looking couple.(人们常说他和他妻子是一对好看的情侣。) 56. image n.形象,印象;画像,雕像,塑像(可数名词,可指“人的公众形象”“事物的印象”,也可指“具体的画像、图像”) 【用法释义】 表“形象、印象”:“one's image”(某人的形象)、“the image of sth.”(某物的印象)、“improve one's image”(改善形象); 表“画像、图像”:“a family image”(全家福画像)、“digital image”(数字图像)。 【常用搭配】 public image 公众形象 improve one's image 改善某人的形象 digital image 数字图像 the image of a hero 英雄的形象 【用法举例】 1. The actor works hard to maintain a positive public image.(这位演员努力维持积极的公众形象。) 2. This photo gives people a good image of the small town.(这张照片给人留下了这个小镇的美好印象。) 3. She hung a family image on the wall of her living room.(她在客厅的墙上挂了一幅全家福画像。) 57. make-up n.化妆品(不可数名词,泛指“口红、粉底、眼影”等用于修饰面部的产品;也可指“补考、化妆”,但较少见,日常主要指“化妆品”) 【用法释义】 常用“put on make-up”(化妆)、“wear make-up”(化妆,强调状态)、“remove make-up”(卸妆); 可搭配“different kinds of make-up”(不同种类的化妆品)。 【常用搭配】 put on make-up 化妆 wear make-up 化妆(状态) remove make-up 卸妆 different kinds of make-up 不同种类的化妆品 【用法举例】 1. She spends ten minutes putting on make-up every morning.(她每天早上花十分钟化妆。) 2. My mother doesn't like to wear make-up; she prefers a natural look.(我妈妈不喜欢化妆,她更喜欢自然的样子。) 3. You should remove your make-up before going to bed to protect your skin.(睡前你应该卸妆,以保护皮肤。) 58. perfect adj.完备的,完美的;极好的(表示“没有缺点、理想的”,程度极高,无比较级和最高级;也可用于口语中表示“极好的”) 【用法释义】 可作表语(“sth. be perfect”(某物完美))或定语(“a perfect day”(完美的一天)); 常用搭配“be perfect for sth.”(非常适合某事)、“perfect weather”(极好的天气)。 【常用搭配】 perfect day/weather 完美的一天/极好的天气 be perfect for sth. 非常适合某事 perfect plan 完美的计划 【用法举例】 1. The weather today is perfect for a picnic in the park.(今天的天气非常适合去公园野餐。) 2. She did a perfect job in the project; everyone praised her.(她在这个项目中做得很完美,所有人都表扬了她。) 3. We had a perfect holiday by the sea last summer.(去年夏天我们在海边度过了一个完美的假期。) 59. notice vt.&vi.&n.vt.&vi. 意识到;注意到(强调“无意中发现或注意到”,可接名词、代词或从句) n. 通知,布告;注意(可数名词,“通知”常用“a notice”,“注意”常用“take notice of”) 【用法释义】 动词:“notice sb./sth.”(注意到某人/某物)、“notice sb. doing sth.”(注意到某人正在做某事)、“notice that...”(意识到……); 名词:“put up a notice”(张贴通知)、“take notice of”(注意到……)。 【常用搭配】 notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 notice that... 意识到…… put up a notice 张贴通知 take notice of 注意到…… 【用法举例】 1. I noticed a strange man standing outside our house this morning.(今天早上我注意到一个陌生男人站在我们家外面。) 2. She didn't notice that her bag was open until she got on the bus.(直到上了公交车,她才意识到自己的包是开着的。) 3. The teacher put up a notice about the exam on the classroom wall.(老师在教室墙上张贴了关于考试的通知。) 60. as well as除……之外,也,还(为连词短语,连接两个并列成分,强调前者;语法上“as well as”连接主语时,谓语动词与前者保持一致) 【用法释义】 连接名词/代词:“A as well as B”(A和B一样,除了B之外还有A),如“Tom as well as his friends”(汤姆和他的朋友一样); 连接动词:“as well as + doing sth.”(除了做某事之外还……),如“she sings as well as dancing”(她会唱歌,也会跳舞)。 【常用搭配】 A as well as B A和B一样;除B之外还有A as well as doing sth. 除了做某事之外还…… not only...but also... 不仅……而且……(与as well as近义,但强调后者) 【用法举例】 1. He can speak English as well as French.(他会说英语,也会说法语。) 2. She is good at painting as well as playing the piano.(她擅长画画,也擅长弹钢琴。) 3. Tom as well as his parents is going to visit the museum this weekend.(汤姆和他的父母这周末要去参观博物馆。) 61. essay n.文章,短文(可数名词,多指“学术性短文、散文”,如课程作业中的议论文、说明文,也可指文学性的散文) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“write an essay”(写一篇短文)、“an essay on sth.”(关于某主题的短文),如“an essay on environmental protection”(一篇关于环境保护的短文); 可用于描述学校作业或正式的书面文章,区别于“article”(更侧重报刊、杂志上的文章)。 【常用搭配】 write an essay 写一篇短文 an essay on sth. 关于某主题的短文 academic essay 学术短文 【用法举例】 1. The teacher asked us to write an essay about our summer vacation.(老师让我们写一篇关于暑假的短文。) 2. She spent three days finishing the academic essay for her history class.(她花了三天时间完成历史课的学术短文。) 3. This essay on family values is very touching and thought-provoking.(这篇关于家庭价值观的文章非常感人且引人深思。) 62. positive adj.积极乐观的,正面的;肯定的,阳性的(可描述“态度、情绪”积极,“评价、影响”正面,也可用于科学或医学领域表示“肯定的、阳性的”) 【用法释义】 表“积极乐观的”:“positive attitude”(积极的态度)、“positive thinking”(积极思考); 表“正面的”:“positive influence”(正面影响)、“positive feedback”(正面反馈); 表“肯定的、阳性的”:“positive answer”(肯定的答案)、“positive test result”(阳性检测结果)(医学/科学语境)。 【常用搭配】 positive attitude 积极的态度 positive influence 正面影响 positive feedback 正面反馈 positive thinking 积极思考 【用法举例】 1. She always has a positive attitude towards life, even when facing difficulties.(即使面对困难,她对生活也总是抱着积极的态度。) 2. The new policy has had a positive influence on the local economy.(这项新政策对当地经济产生了正面影响。) 3. The teacher gave her positive feedback on her oral presentation.(老师对她的口头展示给予了正面反馈。) 63. negative adj.消极的,负面的;否定的,阴性的(与“positive”相反,可描述“态度、情绪”消极,“评价、影响”负面,也可用于科学或医学领域表示“否定的、阴性的”) 【用法释义】 表“消极的、负面的”:“negative mood”(消极情绪)、“negative effect”(负面影响); 表“否定的、阴性的”:“negative reply”(否定的答复)、“negative test result”(阴性检测结果)(医学/科学语境); 可作定语或表语,常用搭配“be negative about sth.”(对某事持消极态度)。 【常用搭配】 negative mood 消极情绪 negative effect 负面影响 be negative about sth. 对某事持消极态度 negative reply 否定的答复 【用法举例】 1. Don't be so negative about everything; try to see the good side.(别对所有事情都这么消极,试着看到好的一面。) 2. Too much screen time may have a negative effect on children's eyesight.(长时间看屏幕可能对儿童视力产生负面影响。) 3. He gave a negative reply to the invitation because he was too busy.(他因为太忙,对邀请给出了否定的答复。) 64. refuse vt.&vi.拒绝,回绝(强调“明确、坚决地拒绝”,可接名词、代词或不定式,不可接动名词) 【用法释义】 及物动词:“refuse sth.”(拒绝某物),如“refuse an invitation”(拒绝邀请);“refuse to do sth.”(拒绝做某事),为最常用搭配; 不及物动词:较少单独使用,多与介词“to”搭配(即“refuse to do sth.”),不接“sb.”作宾语(若表达“拒绝某人”,需用“refuse sb.'s request/invitation”等)。 【常用搭配】 refuse an invitation 拒绝邀请 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 refuse sb.'s request 拒绝某人的请求 【用法举例】 1. She had to refuse the dinner invitation because she had to work overtime.(她因为要加班,不得不拒绝晚餐邀请。) 2. He refused to tell me where he had been last night.(他拒绝告诉我昨晚去了哪里。) 3. The company refused his request for a salary increase.(公司拒绝了他加薪的请求。) 65. although conj.虽然,尽管,即使(引导让步状语从句,强调“转折关系”,从句内容与主句内容相反或对比) 【用法释义】 引导的从句可放在句首或句中,放在句首时,从句后常用逗号与主句隔开; 注意:“although”不可与“but”同时使用(主句前不可加“but”),但可与“yet”“still”连用(如Although it rained, yet we went out.); 区别于“though”:“though”语气更弱,可用于句末(如It was raining, though.),“although”不可。 【常用搭配】 Although + 从句, 主句. 虽然……,但是……(主句前不加but) Although it is... 尽管……(如Although it is small, the room is clean.) 【用法举例】 1. Although he is young, he has a lot of work experience.(虽然他年轻,但他有丰富的工作经验。) 2. She went to school although she had a cold.(尽管她感冒了,还是去上学了。) 3. Although the task is difficult, we will try our best to finish it.(虽然这项任务很难,我们还是会尽力完成。) 66. not...any more再也不,不再(表示“过去的动作或状态在现在停止,不再发生”,常用于否定句,可位于句末,也可将“any more”拆开(“not any more”)或写成“no more”(用法略有不同,“no more”多修饰名词或放在动词后)) 【用法释义】 结构:“主语 + do/does/did not + 动词原形 + any more”(现在时/过去时否定); 区别于“not...any longer”:两者含义基本相同,“not...any more”更侧重“动作次数不再增加”,“not...any longer”更侧重“动作持续时间不再延长”,日常使用中可互换。 【常用搭配】 not do sth. any more 再也不做某事 He doesn't play games any more. 他再也不玩游戏了。 They didn't talk to each other any more. 他们再也不互相说话了。 【用法举例】 1. She doesn't eat fast food any more because she wants to keep healthy.(她再也不吃快餐了,因为她想保持健康。) 2. He didn't live in this city any more after his family moved away.(家人搬走后,他就不再住在这座城市了。) 3. My little brother doesn't cry when he sees strangers any more.(我弟弟看到陌生人时再也不哭了。) 67. overreact vi.反应过激,反应过火(指“对某事的反应超出合理范围,过于强烈”,不及物动词,常与介词“to”搭配) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“overreact to sth.”(对某事反应过激),主语多为人,宾语多为“news、comments、problems”等引发反应的事物; 可用于日常口语或书面语,描述情绪或行为上的过度反应。 【常用搭配】 overreact to sth. 对某事反应过激 overreact to a small problem 对小问题反应过火 overreact to bad news 对坏消息反应过激 【用法举例】 1. Don't overreact to his comments; he didn't mean to hurt you.(别对他的评论反应过激,他不是故意要伤害你。) 2. She overreacted to the small mistake and started crying.(她对这个小错误反应过火,哭了起来。) 3. He tends to overreact to bad news, which makes his family worried.(他对坏消息总是反应过激,这让家人很担心。) 68. project n.项目;专题研究(可数名词,可指“工作或学习中的具体项目”,也可指学生的“专题研究作业”) 【用法释义】 表“项目”:“work project”(工作项目)、“construction project”(建筑项目)、“complete a project”(完成一个项目); 表“专题研究”:“school project”(学校专题作业)、“science project”(科学专题研究),常见于学生语境。 【常用搭配】 work project 工作项目 school project 学校专题作业 complete a project 完成一个项目 start a new project 启动一个新项目 【用法举例】 1. Our team spent three months working on this new project.(我们团队花了三个月时间做这个新项目。) 2. The teacher asked each student to do a school project about local history.(老师让每个学生做一个关于当地历史的学校专题作业。) 3. They will start a construction project to build a new hospital next year.(他们明年将启动一个建造新医院的建筑项目。) 69. in the end最后,终于;到头来,最终(表示“经过一段时间或一系列事件后,最终出现的结果”,可位于句首、句中或句末,作时间状语,区别于“at the end”(“at the end of + 名词”,表示“在……的末尾”,如at the end of the month)) 【用法释义】 不接介词,直接作状语,强调“结果”,可与“finally”“eventually”互换; 常用于讲述故事、描述过程或总结结果,语气比“finally”更口语化。 【常用搭配】 in the end, + 句子 最后,终于…… He tried many times, and in the end he succeeded. 他尝试了很多次,最后终于成功了。 In the end, we decided to stay at home. 最后,我们决定待在家里。 【用法举例】 1. They argued for a long time, but in the end they reached an agreement.(他们争论了很久,但最后达成了一致。) 2. In the end, she chose to study medicine at university.(最后,她选择在大学里学医。) 3. He made many mistakes, and in the end he lost his job.(他犯了很多错,到头来丢了工作。) 70. whenever conj.在任何……的时候,无论何时(引导时间状语从句,强调“无论何时发生某事,另一事都会发生”,相当于“no matter when”) 【用法释义】 引导的从句可放在句首或句中,从句用一般现在时表示将来(即“主将从现”),如“Whenever he comes, I will welcome him.”; 可接“whenever + 主语 + 动词”,也可接“whenever possible”(只要有可能,省略了“it is”)。 【常用搭配】 whenever + 从句 无论何时……(主将从现) whenever possible 只要有可能 Whenever you need help, call me. 无论你何时需要帮助,都可以打电话给我。 【用法举例】 1. Whenever I feel lonely, I call my best friend.(每当我感到孤独时,我就给最好的朋友打电话。) 2. You can ask me for advice whenever you have problems.(无论你何时有问题,都可以向我征求建议。) 3. Whenever possible, she walks to work to keep fit.(只要有可能,她就步行上班以保持健康。) 71. express vt.表示,表达,表露(强调“用语言、动作或表情传达思想、情感或观点”,及物动词,可接名词、代词或从句) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“express sth.”(表达某物),如“express feelings”(表达情感)、“express opinions”(表达观点); 可接“express sth. to sb.”(向某人表达某物),如“express thanks to sb.”(向某人表达感谢); 区别于“show”:“express”更侧重“主动、明确地传达”,“show”更侧重“通过行为或事实显示”。 【常用搭配】 express feelings/emotions 表达情感 express opinions/views 表达观点 express thanks to sb. 向某人表达感谢 express that... 表达……(如express that he was happy表达他很高兴) 【用法举例】 1. She used a poem to express her love for her hometown.(她用一首诗表达对家乡的热爱。) 2. He expressed his opinions clearly during the meeting.(他在会议上清晰地表达了自己的观点。) 3. We should express our thanks to those who help us.(我们应该向帮助过我们的人表达感谢。) 72. apology n.道歉,致歉(可数名词,指“为自己的错误或不当行为表示歉意”,常用搭配与“make”“accept”“refuse”等动词连用) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“make an apology to sb.”(向某人道歉)、“accept an apology”(接受道歉)、“refuse an apology”(拒绝道歉); 可用于“owe sb. an apology”(应该向某人道歉),表示“有义务道歉”。 【常用搭配】 make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉 accept an apology 接受道歉 owe sb. an apology 应该向某人道歉 make an apology for sth. 为某事道歉 【用法举例】 1. You should make an apology to her for being late.(你应该为迟到向她道歉。) 2. She accepted his apology and they became friends again.(她接受了他的道歉,他们又成了朋友。) 3. He realized he was wrong and owed his teacher an apology.(他意识到自己错了,应该向老师道歉。) 73. mistake n.错误,失误(可数名词,指“因疏忽、无知或判断失误而犯的错误”,可指行为、语言或思想上的错误) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“make a mistake”(犯错误)、“correct a mistake”(纠正错误)、“learn from mistakes”(从错误中学习); 可用于“by mistake”(错误地,无意中),作状语,如“I took her bag by mistake.”(我误拿了她的包。)。 【常用搭配】 make a mistake 犯错误 correct a mistake 纠正错误 learn from mistakes 从错误中学习 by mistake 错误地,无意中 【用法举例】 1. Everyone makes mistakes; the important thing is to learn from them.(每个人都会犯错误,重要的是从中学习。) 2. She found and corrected a mistake in her homework before handing it in.(交作业前,她发现并纠正了作业中的一个错误。) 3. I poured salt into the coffee by mistake; it tasted terrible.(我不小心把盐倒进了咖啡里,味道糟透了。) 74. performance n.表演,演出;表现,业绩(可数名词,可指“音乐、戏剧等的公开表演”,也可指“人或事物在工作、学习中的表现”) 【用法释义】 表“表演,演出”:“music performance”(音乐表演)、“stage performance”(舞台演出)、“watch a performance”(观看表演); 表“表现,业绩”:“academic performance”(学业表现)、“work performance”(工作业绩)、“improve performance”(提高表现)。 【常用搭配】 music performance 音乐表演 academic performance 学业表现 watch a performance 观看表演 improve one's performance 提高某人的表现 【用法举例】 1. We went to the theater to watch a dance performance last night.(昨晚我们去剧院看了一场舞蹈表演。) 2. His academic performance has improved a lot since he started studying hard.(自从开始努力学习,他的学业表现进步了很多。) 3. The company praised her for her excellent work performance this year.(公司因她今年出色的工作业绩表扬了她。) 75. mess n.麻烦,困境,混乱;肮脏,杂乱,不整洁(不可数名词,可指“环境或事物的杂乱”,也可指“令人棘手的困境”) 【用法释义】 表“肮脏,杂乱”:“in a mess”(乱七八糟,杂乱不堪)、“clean up the mess”(收拾残局,清理杂乱); 表“麻烦,困境”:“get into a mess”(陷入困境)、“get sb. out of a mess”(帮某人摆脱困境); 可用于日常口语,语气较随意。 【常用搭配】 in a mess 乱七八糟,杂乱不堪 clean up the mess 收拾残局,清理杂乱 get into a mess 陷入困境 get sb. out of a mess 帮某人摆脱困境 【用法举例】 1. Her room is always in a mess; clothes are everywhere.(她的房间总是乱七八糟,衣服到处都是。) 2. He spilled coffee on the desk and had to clean up the mess.(他把咖啡洒在了桌子上,不得不清理残局。) 3. He got into a mess because he forgot to pay the bills on time.(他因为忘记按时付账单,陷入了困境。) 76. tonight adv.&n.adv. 在今夜,在今晚(作时间状语,可位于句首、句中或句末,如“Tonight we will have dinner together.”) n. 今夜,今晚(可数名词,常用“tonight”(不加冠词),如“What are your plans for tonight?”) 【用法释义】 副词:直接修饰动词,无需介词,如“We will meet tonight.”(我们今晚见面。); 名词:常与介词“for”搭配(“plans for tonight”),或作主语(“Tonight will be busy.”); 区别于“this evening”:两者含义相近,“tonight”更侧重“深夜”,“this evening”更侧重“傍晚”,日常可互换。 【常用搭配】 tonight's meeting 今晚的会议 plans for tonight 今晚的计划 go out tonight 今晚出去 What are you doing tonight? 你今晚要做什么? 【用法举例】 1. We are going to watch a movie tonight.(我们今晚要去看电影。) 2. What are your plans for tonight? Do you want to have dinner with me?(你今晚有什么计划?想和我一起吃晚饭吗?) 3. Tonight's meeting will be about the new project.(今晚的会议将围绕新项目展开。) 77. ruin vt.毁坏;破坏(及物动词,强调“彻底破坏,使某物失去价值或功能”,可指实物的“毁坏”,也可指抽象事物的“破坏”(如计划、关系)) 【用法释义】 可接实物宾语:“ruin a building”(毁坏一座建筑)、“ruin clothes”(毁坏衣服); 可接抽象宾语:“ruin a plan”(破坏计划)、“ruin a relationship”(破坏关系); 区别于“damage”:“ruin”强调“彻底毁坏,无法修复”,“damage”强调“部分损坏,可修复”。 【常用搭配】 ruin a building/house 毁坏建筑/房子 ruin a plan/project 破坏计划/项目 ruin one's reputation 毁坏某人的名声 ruin a friendship/relationship 破坏友谊/关系 【用法举例】 1. The heavy rain ruined the crops in the field.(大雨毁坏了田里的庄稼。) 2. His carelessness ruined our plan to go hiking this weekend.(他的粗心大意破坏了我们这周末去徒步旅行的计划。) 3. Spreading rumors about others will ruin your own reputation.(散布别人的谣言会毁坏你自己的名声。) 78. comfort n.&vt.n. 安慰,慰藉;舒服,安逸(不可数名词,“安慰”常用“give comfort to sb.”(给某人安慰),“舒服”常用“in comfort”(舒适地)) vt. 安慰;抚慰(及物动词,“comfort sb.”(安慰某人),强调“缓解他人的痛苦或悲伤”) 【用法释义】 名词:“seek comfort”(寻求安慰)、“physical comfort”(身体上的舒适); 动词:“comfort sb. for sth.”(因某事安慰某人),如“comfort her for her loss”(因她的损失安慰她); 区别于“console”:“comfort”较口语化,“console”更正式,含义相近。 【常用搭配】 give comfort to sb. 给某人安慰 in comfort 舒适地 comfort sb. 安慰某人 seek comfort from sb. 从某人那里寻求安慰 【用法举例】 1. Her mother's words gave her great comfort when she was sad.(她难过时,妈妈的话给了她很大的安慰。) 2. We traveled in comfort by taking the first-class train.(我们坐一等座火车,舒适地旅行。) 3. He stayed with his friend to comfort him after his pet died.(朋友的宠物死后,他留下来安慰朋友。) 79. let sb down使失望(动词短语,指“未能满足某人的期望,让某人感到失望”,不可分开使用,代词“sb.”需放在“let”和“down”之间,如“let him down”) 【用法释义】 结构:“let + sb. + down”,主语多为人,“sb.”可为名词或代词(代词放中间); 常用语境:“承诺未兑现、表现不佳”等导致他人失望,如“He let us down by not coming.”(他没来,让我们失望了。)。 【常用搭配】 let sb. down 使某人失望 never let sb. down 从不使某人失望 don't let me down 别让我失望 【用法举例】 1. I hope I won't let my parents down in the final exam.(我希望在期末考试中不会让父母失望。) 2. He promised to help me, but he let me down at the last minute.(他答应帮我,却在最后一刻让我失望了。) 3. She is a reliable friend who never lets anyone down.(她是个可靠的朋友,从不让任何人失望。) 80. fault n.责任,过错,过失;缺点,毛病(可数名词,可指“因个人失误导致错误的责任”,也可指“人或事物的缺点”) 【用法释义】 表“责任,过错”:“it's one's fault”(是某人的错)、“find fault with sb.”(挑某人的错,指责某人); 表“缺点,毛病”:“a fault in sth.”(某物的缺点),如“a fault in the machine”(机器的毛病); 区别于“mistake”:“fault”更侧重“责任或固有的缺点”,“mistake”更侧重“偶然的错误行为”。 【常用搭配】 it's one's fault 是某人的错 find fault with sb. 挑某人的错,指责某人 a fault in sth. 某物的缺点/毛病 admit one's fault 承认自己的过错 【用法举例】 1. It's not your fault; the accident happened because of bad weather.(不是你的错,事故是因为恶劣天气发生的。) 2. She is always finding fault with her colleagues, which makes everyone unhappy.(她总是挑同事的错,这让所有人都不高兴。) 3. The engineer found a fault in the machine and fixed it immediately.(工程师发现了机器的一个毛病,立刻修好了。) 81. singer n.唱歌的人,歌唱家,歌手(可数名词,指“以唱歌为职业或爱好的人”,由动词“sing”(唱歌)加后缀“-er”构成) 【用法释义】 可直接作主语或宾语,常用搭配“a famous singer”(著名歌手)、“pop singer”(流行歌手)、“folk singer”(民谣歌手); 可用于描述职业或身份,如“What does she do? She is a singer.”(她是做什么的?她是一名歌手。)。 【常用搭配】 pop singer 流行歌手 famous singer 著名歌手 become a singer 成为一名歌手 listen to a singer 听歌手唱歌 【用法举例】 1. My favorite singer will hold a concert in our city next month.(我最喜欢的歌手下个月将在我们城市举办演唱会。) 2. She has dreamed of becoming a singer since she was a child.(她从小就梦想成为一名歌手。) 3. The young singer won first prize in the national singing competition.(这位年轻歌手在全国歌唱比赛中获得了一等奖。) 82. pressure n.心理压力;压力,压强(不可数名词,可指“人因工作、学习等产生的心理压力”,也可指“物理上的压力、压强”) 【用法释义】 表“心理压力”:“under pressure”(承受压力)、“work/study pressure”(工作/学习压力)、“put pressure on sb.”(给某人施加压力); 表“物理压力”:“air pressure”(气压)、“water pressure”(水压)(科学语境); 日常语境中多表示“心理压力”。 【常用搭配】 under pressure 承受压力 work/study pressure 工作/学习压力 put pressure on sb. 给某人施加压力 reduce pressure 减轻压力 【用法举例】 1. Many students feel under great study pressure before exams.(很多学生在考试前感到巨大的学习压力。) 2. The boss put a lot of pressure on his employees to finish the project on time.(老板给员工施加了很大压力,要求他们按时完成项目。) 3. Doing exercise regularly can help reduce pressure in daily life.(定期锻炼有助于减轻日常生活中的压力。) 83. make sth up补上,作出补偿;编造,虚构(动词短语,含义需根据语境判断,“up”为副词,代词“sth.”需放在“make”和“up”之间) 【用法释义】 表“补上,作出补偿”:“make up the time”(补回时间)、“make up for sth.”(弥补某事),如“make up for a mistake”(弥补错误); 表“编造,虚构”:“make up a story”(编故事)、“make up an excuse”(编借口); 注意:表“弥补”时常用“make up for sth.”,表“编造”时直接用“make up sth.”。 【常用搭配】 make up for sth. 弥补某事 make up a story/excuse 编故事/借口 make up the time 补回时间 make up for a mistake 弥补错误 【用法举例】 1. She will work extra hours to make up for the time she missed yesterday.(她会加班补回昨天错过的时间。) 2. He made up an excuse for being late, but no one believed him.(他为迟到编了个借口,但没人相信他。) 3. You should apologize and make up for your mistake to her.(你应该向她道歉并弥补你的错误。) 84. promise vt.&vi.&n.vt.&vi. 许诺,承诺,保证(“promise to do sth.”(承诺做某事)、“promise sb. sth.”(向某人承诺某物)) n. 诺言,许诺,承诺(可数名词,“keep a promise”(遵守诺言)、“break a promise”(违背诺言)) 【用法释义】 动词:“promise sb. to do sth.”(向某人承诺做某事)、“promise that...”(承诺……); 名词:“make a promise”(许下诺言)、“a promise to do sth.”(做某事的承诺); 常用语境:“承诺做或不做某事”,强调“对他人的保证”。 【常用搭配】 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 keep a promise 遵守诺言 break a promise 违背诺言 make a promise 许下诺言 【用法举例】 1. He promised to help me with my homework after school.(他承诺放学后帮我辅导作业。) 2. She made a promise to visit her grandparents every weekend.(她许下诺言,每个周末都去看望祖父母。) 3. If you make a promise, you should keep it; don't break it.(如果你许下诺言,就应该遵守,不要违背。) 85. unkind adj.不友善的,不亲切的,不客气的,刻薄的(形容词,与“kind”(友善的)相反,可描述“言语、行为”不友善,或“人”性格刻薄) 【用法释义】 可作表语(“sb. be unkind”(某人不友善))或定语(“unkind words”(刻薄的话)); 常用搭配“be unkind to sb.”(对某人不友善),如“be unkind to animals”(对动物不友善)。 【常用搭配】 be unkind to sb. 对某人不友善 unkind words 刻薄的话 unkind behavior 不友善的行为 don't be unkind to others 不要对别人不友善 【用法举例】 1. It's unkind of you to say such things about her.(你说她这样的话,真是太刻薄了。) 2. He was unkind to his classmates when he was angry, which made him unpopular.(他生气时对同学不友善,这让他不受欢迎。) 3. Don't listen to his unkind words; he is just in a bad mood.(别听他刻薄的话,他只是心情不好。) 86. exam n.考试(可数名词,为“examination”的缩写,更口语化,常用于日常语境,如学校的期中、期末考试) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“take an exam”(参加考试)、“pass/fail an exam”(通过/未通过考试)、“final exam”(期末考试)、“math exam”(数学考试); 区别于“test”:“exam”更正式,多指“重要的、大规模的考试”(如期末考试、升学考试),“test”更侧重“小测验、单元测试”。 【常用搭配】 take an exam 参加考试 pass/fail an exam 通过/未通过考试 final exam 期末考试 prepare for an exam 准备考试 【用法举例】 1. We will take the final exam next week, so we are busy preparing for it.(我们下周要参加期末考试,所以正在忙着准备。) 2. She failed the English exam last time, so she is studying harder now.(她上次英语考试没通过,所以现在学习更努力了。) 3. He spent two weeks preparing for the math exam and finally passed it.(他花了两周时间准备数学考试,最后通过了。) 87. stressful adj.压力重的,紧张的(形容词,用于描述“事情、环境”使人感到压力大,区别于“stressed”(形容词,指“人感到有压力的”)) 【用法释义】 修饰事物或环境:“stressful job”(压力大的工作)、“stressful situation”(紧张的局面)、“stressful life”(充满压力的生活); 不可修饰人(修饰人用“stressed”,如“a stressed person”(感到有压力的人)); 由名词“stress”(压力)加后缀“-ful”构成。 【常用搭配】 stressful job 压力大的工作 stressful situation 紧张的局面 stressful life 充满压力的生活 a stressful day 充满压力的一天 【用法举例】 1. Working in a hospital can be very stressful, especially for doctors and nurses.(在医院工作可能压力很大,尤其是对医生和护士来说。) 2. The days before the exam are always stressful for students.(考试前的日子对学生来说总是很紧张。) 3. She quit her stressful job because it was bad for her health.(她辞掉了那份压力大的工作,因为它对健康不利。) 88. mean vt.打算,意欲;有……含义;意思是(及物动词,含义需根据语境判断,常见三种含义:“打算做某事”“单词/句子的含义”“某人的行为意味着……”) 【用法释义】 表“打算,意欲”:“mean to do sth.”(打算做某事)、“mean sb. to do sth.”(打算让某人做某事); 表“有……含义,意思是”:“mean sth.”(……意思是)、“What does...mean?”(……是什么意思?); 表“意味着”:“mean doing sth.”(意味着做某事),如“Success means working hard.”(成功意味着努力工作。)。 【常用搭配】 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 What does sth. mean? ……是什么意思? mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 didn't mean to do sth. 没打算做某事(无意做某事) 【用法举例】 1. I mean to finish reading this book by the end of this week.(我打算在本周末前读完这本书。) 2. What does this English word mean? Can you explain it to me?(这个英语单词是什么意思?你能给我解释一下吗?) 3. Missing this train means waiting for another two hours.(错过这趟火车意味着要再等两个小时。) 89. forgive vt.&vi.原谅,宽恕(指“不再因他人的错误或伤害而生气,放下怨恨”,及物动词可接“sb.”或“sth.”,不及物动词常用“forgive and forget”(既往不咎)) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“forgive sb. for sth.”(因某事原谅某人)、“forgive sb. doing sth.”(原谅某人做某事); 过去式和过去分词为“forgave”和“forgiven”,如“I have forgiven him.”(我已经原谅他了。); 区别于“excuse”:“forgive”更侧重“内心放下怨恨”,“excuse”更侧重“为他人的小过失找理由”。 【常用搭配】 forgive sb. for sth. 因某事原谅某人 forgive and forget 既往不咎 can't forgive sb. 不能原谅某人 forgive sb. doing sth. 原谅某人做某事 【用法举例】 1. She finally forgave him for lying to her.(她最终原谅了他对她撒谎。) 2. It's not easy to forgive someone who has hurt you deeply.(原谅一个深深伤害过你的人并不容易。) 3. They decided to forgive and forget their past quarrels and become friends again.(他们决定既往不咎,忘记过去的争吵,重新成为朋友。) 90. fix vt.修理,校准,校正;固定,安装(及物动词,可指“修理损坏的物品”,也可指“固定某物的位置”或“校正错误、时间”) 【用法释义】 表“修理”:“fix a machine”(修理机器)、“fix a car”(修汽车)、“fix sth. for sb.”(为某人修理某物); 表“固定,安装”:“fix a picture on the wall”(把画固定在墙上)、“fix a date for the meeting”(确定会议日期); 表“校正”:“fix a mistake”(纠正错误)、“fix the clock”(校准时钟)。 【常用搭配】 fix a machine/car 修理机器/汽车 fix sth. on the wall 把某物固定在墙上 fix a date for sth. 为某事确定日期 fix a mistake 纠正错误 【用法举例】 1. My father will fix the broken TV this weekend.(我爸爸这周末会修理坏了的电视。) 2. She fixed a photo of her family on the wall above her desk.(她把全家福照片固定在书桌上方的墙上。) 3. We need to fix a date for the party before inviting guests.(我们需要先确定派对日期,再邀请客人。) 91. bottom n.&adj.n. (朝下的)底,底面,底部;末尾,尽头(可数名词,可指“物体的底部”(如杯子底、桌子底),也可指“顺序、位置的末尾”(如列表底部、队伍末尾)) adj. 底部的,尽头的(仅作定语,修饰名词,如“bottom drawer”(最下面的抽屉)、“bottom line”(底线)) 【用法释义】 名词:“the bottom of sth.”(某物的底部/末尾)、“at the bottom of...”(在……的底部)、“from top to bottom”(从上到下); 形容词:仅用于名词前,无比较级和最高级,如“bottom floor”(最底层)。 【常用搭配】 the bottom of sth. 某物的底部/末尾 at the bottom of... 在……的底部 from top to bottom 从上到下 bottom drawer 最下面的抽屉 【用法举例】 1. There is a small stone at the bottom of the cup.(杯子底部有一颗小石子。) 2. Write your name and address at the bottom of the form.(在表格的末尾写下你的姓名和地址。) 3. She cleaned the room from top to bottom before the guests arrived.(客人到来前,她把房间从上到下打扫了一遍。) 92. hate vt.&vi.极不喜欢,厌恶(强调“对某人或某事有强烈的负面情感,不愿接触或经历”,可接名词、代词或动名词,也可接不定式(“hate to do sth.”更侧重“具体某次不愿做的事”,“hate doing sth.”更侧重“习惯性厌恶”)) 【用法释义】 接名词/代词:“hate sb./sth.”(厌恶某人/某物),如“hate snakes”(怕蛇/厌恶蛇); 接动名词:“hate doing sth.”(习惯性厌恶做某事),如“I hate getting up early.”(我讨厌早起。); 接不定式:“hate to do sth.”(具体某次不愿做某事),如“I hate to tell you this, but you are wrong.”(我不愿告诉你这个,但你错了。)。 【常用搭配】 hate sb./sth. 厌恶某人/某物 hate doing sth. 习惯性厌恶做某事 hate to do sth. 具体某次不愿做某事 hate doing sth. = dislike doing sth.(程度更重) 【用法举例】 1. She hates spiders; she feels scared when she sees them.(她厌恶蜘蛛,看到蜘蛛就害怕。) 2. I hate waiting in long lines; it's a waste of time.(我讨厌排长队,太浪费时间了。) 3. I hate to interrupt you, but there's an urgent call for you.(我不愿打断你,但有你的紧急电话。) 93. strict adj.要求严格的,严厉的;严格的(可描述“人对他人或自己要求严格”,也可描述“规则、制度严格”) 【用法释义】 表“对人严格”:“be strict with sb.”(对某人严格),如“be strict with students”(对学生严格); 表“对事/规则严格”:“be strict about sth.”(对某事严格)、“be strict in sth.”(在某事上严格),如“be strict about rules”(对规则严格); 可作定语,如“strict teacher”(严格的老师)、“strict rules”(严格的规则)。 【常用搭配】 be strict with sb. 对某人严格 be strict about sth. 对某事严格 strict teacher/rules 严格的老师/规则 be strict in one's work 在工作上严格要求 【用法举例】 1. My mother is strict with me, but I know she loves me.(我妈妈对我很严格,但我知道她爱我。) 2. The school is strict about students' attendance; no one can be late.(学校对学生出勤要求严格,任何人都不能迟到。) 3. He is strict in his work and never makes careless mistakes.(他在工作上严格要求自己,从不犯粗心的错误。) 综合实战演练 一、单项选择 1.My little sister feels ______ because she has nothing to do at home. A. bored B. surprised C. worried D. upset 2.We were all ______ when we heard the news of his winning the competition. A. angry B. surprised C. strict D. uncomfortable 3.Lucy is ______ about her math test because she didn’t study hard for it. A. bored B. positive C. worried D. humorous 4.Tom and his brother often ______ about which TV show to watch. A. communicate B. argue C. solve D. express 5.I ______ a nice gift from my pen pal in Canada yesterday. A. received B. refused C. pretended D. noticed 6.There is ______ interesting in this book. I don’t want to read it anymore. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 7.I can’t ______ the loud noise from the next room. It’s driving me mad. A. stand B. control C. compare D. forgive 8.The long waiting time in the line really ______ me mad. A. makes B. drives C. lets D. gets 9.That ______ cat has no home. Let’s take it to the animal shelter. A. poor B. perfect C. good-looking D. outgoing 10.You should try to ______ your parents’ feelings when you make a decision. A. solve B. understand C. communicate D. comfort 11.We need to ______ this problem before it becomes more serious. A. shout B. control C. solve D. ruin 12.Don’t ______ at your classmates. It’s not polite to do so. A. shout B. argue C. compare D. promise 13.The teacher has to ______ the class well to make sure everyone listens. A. receive B. control C. pretend D. notice 14.His ______ made him say some bad words to his best friend. A. feeling B. emotion C. anger D. comfort 15.We should ______ with our parents more to avoid misunderstandings. A. communicate B. solve C. express D. apologize 16.Lily was ______ because she lost her favorite toy bear. A. bored B. upset C. sociable D. positive 17.Teenagers are more ______ than adults when they face big changes. A. physical B. emotional C. ordinary D. perfect 18.This is just an ______ day. Nothing special happened. A. ordinary B. rapid C. uncomfortable D. stressful 19.______ I was walking home, I met my old friend Mike. A. While B. As C. Whenever D. Although 20.We will have a math ______ next Monday. I need to study hard now. A. project B. performance C. exam D. test 21.You should ______ your dreams and never give up easily. A. hold on to B. make up C. let down D. fix up 22.He ______ to be sick so he didn’t have to go to school. A. refused B. pretended C. noticed D. hated 23.She is the most hard-working student ______ all the girls in our class. A. between B. among C. as well as D. except 24.Childhood is a happy ______ in everyone’s life. A. stage B. relationship C. image D. mess 25.He has a good ______ with his parents. They always talk about everything. A. personality B. appearance C. relationship D. brain 26.Let’s ______ this new phone with the old one to see which is better. A. compare B. harm C. succeed D. control 27.Smoking can ______ great harm to your health. A. make B. do C. cause D. take 28.If you work hard, you will ______ in passing the English exam. A. succeed B. probably C. refuse D. overreact 29.It will ______ rain this afternoon. You’d better take an umbrella. A. probably B. rapidly C. strictly D. perfectly 30.Her ______ is very friendly. She can make friends easily. A. appearance B. personality C. image D. make-up 31.My mother is a ______ person. She often tells funny jokes to us. A. sociable B. humorous C. outgoing D. strict 32.She looked at ______ in the mirror and smiled before going out. A. herself B. himself C. myself D. yourself 33.This chair is ______. I don’t want to sit on it anymore. A. comfortable B. uncomfortable C. perfect D. good-looking 34.He is good at playing basketball ______ swimming. A. as well as B. as C. although D. whenever 35.We should have a ______ attitude towards life, even when things go wrong. A. negative B. positive C. stressful D. unkind 36.She ______ to help me with my homework because she was too busy. A. received B. promised C. refused D. apologized 37.______ he is young, he knows a lot about history. A. Although B. While C. Whenever D. As 38.She ______ cries over small things anymore. She has become stronger. A. doesn’t B. isn’t C. won’t D. can’t 39.Don’t ______ when your friend makes a small mistake. A. overreact B. comfort C. forgive D. fix 40.______ you need help, you can call me at any time. A. Whenever B. Although C. As D. While 二、单句语法填空(根据所给词的适当形式填空) 1.When she heard the bad news, she tried to hide her strong ______ (emotion) in front of others. 2.The little girl felt ______ (bored) because she had nothing interesting to do at home. 3.My parents were ______ (surprised) when they saw my good grades in the final exam. 4.She is always ______ (worried) about her son's safety when he goes out alone. 5.They ______ (argue) with each other about the plan yesterday afternoon, and now they still don't agree. 6.He ______ (receive) a lot of birthday gifts from his friends last week. 7.There is ______ (nothing) difficult in this math problem if you think carefully. 8.I can't ______ (stand) the loud noise from the next room; it's making me crazy. 9.His constant complaining ______ (drive) me mad, so I left the room quickly. 10.We should help those ______ (poor) children who can't afford to go to school. 11.You need to ______ (understand) his situation before you judge him. 12.He finally ______ (solve) the difficult problem after working on it for two hours. 13.The teacher ______ (shout) at the students because they were talking in class. 14.The manager has to ______ (control) the cost of the project to avoid overspending. 15.His eyes were full of ______ (anger) when he knew he was cheated. 16.We should ______ (communicate) with our parents more often to narrow the generation gap. 17.She was ______ (upset) because she failed the English test again. 18.Teenagers are more likely to have ______ (emotional) changes during their growth. 19.This is an ______ (ordinary) story, but it touches many people's hearts. 20.______ (teenager) should learn to take care of themselves when their parents are not at home. 21.______ (while) she was reading a book, her brother was watching TV. 22.Our teacher will ______ (test) our English listening skills tomorrow morning. 23.You should ______ (hold on to) your dreams and never give up easily. 24.He ______ (pretend) to be ill yesterday so that he didn't have to go to school. 25.She is the most outgoing girl ______ (among) all her classmates. 26.This is a very important ______ (stage) in his career development. 27.He has many happy memories of his ______ (childhood) in the small village. 28.______ (adult) should set a good example for children in daily life. 29.The company is developing ______ (rapidly) because of its good management. 30.Eating too much junk food can ______ (cause) many health problems. 三、完成句子(根据汉语提示完成句子) 1.每天早上,我通常六点半起床,然后刷牙。 Every morning, I usually ______ ______ at half past six and then ______ my ______. 2.上周六,汤姆和他的朋友们一起去公园放风筝了。 Last Saturday, Tom ______ to the park and ______ ______ with his friends. 3.我的妈妈擅长做饭,她能做出很多美味的食物。 My mother ______ ______ ______ cooking and she can ______ lots of delicious food. 4.下周末,我们计划去参观博物馆,了解更多关于历史的知识。 Next weekend, we ______ ______ ______ the museum to ______ more about history. 5.当你遇到困难时,不要害怕,你可以向老师求助。 When you ______ ______ ______, don't be afraid and you can ______ the teacher ______ help. 6.这个故事非常有趣,我已经读了三遍了。 This story is very ______ and I ______ ______ it three times. 7.他每天花一个小时练习弹钢琴,因为他想成为一名钢琴家。 He ______ one hour ______ ______ the piano every day because he wants ______ ______ a pianist. 8.昨天晚上,我直到完成作业才上床睡觉。 Last night, I ______ go to bed ______ I ______ my homework. 9.在夏天,天气通常很热,人们喜欢去游泳。 In summer, the weather is usually very ______ and people like ______ ______. 10.我的妹妹比我小两岁,她现在正在读小学三年级。 My sister is two years ______ ______ me and she is ______ in Grade Three in a primary school now. 11.我们应该每天坚持锻炼,这样才能保持身体健康。 We should ______ ______ every day so that we can ______ our ______ healthy. 12.昨天下午,我和妈妈一起去超市买了一些水果和蔬菜。 Yesterday afternoon, I ______ to the supermarket with my mother and ______ some fruits and ______. 13.这本书是我最好的朋友送给我的,我非常珍惜它。 This book ______ ______ to me by my best friend and I ______ it very much. 14.明天下午将有一场英语考试,我们现在必须努力复习。 There ______ ______ an English exam tomorrow afternoon and we must ______ ______ now. 15.他跑得非常快,在学校运动会上赢得了 100 米比赛。 He runs very ______ and ______ the 100-meter race in the school ______ meeting. 16.我的爷爷喜欢在饭后散步,这对他的身体有好处。 My grandfather likes ______ ______ walk after meals and it is ______ ______ his health. 17.去年暑假,我和家人去了北京,参观了长城。 Last summer vacation, I ______ to Beijing with my family and ______ the Great Wall. 18.你能告诉我如何提高我的英语听力吗?我对此感到很困惑。 Can you tell me how ______ ______ my English listening? I am very ______ about it. 19.课堂上,我们应该认真听讲,积极回答老师的问题。 In class, we should ______ ______ the teacher carefully and ______ answer the teacher's ______. 20.这个公园是免费开放的,每天都有很多人来这里放松。 This park is open ______ ______ and many people come here ______ ______ every day. 21.她花了两个小时完成了这幅画,她的老师对她的作品很满意。 She ______ two hours ______ this picture and her teacher is ______ ______ her work. 22.当我长大后,我想成为一名医生,帮助更多生病的人。 When I ______ ______, I want ______ ______ a doctor to help more ______ people. 23.昨天晚上,我们一家人坐在沙发上一起看了一部有趣的电影。 Last night, my family ______ on the sofa and ______ an interesting movie together. 24.为了保护环境,我们应该减少使用塑料袋,多使用环保袋。 To ______ the environment, we should ______ the use of plastic bags and use more ______ bags. 25.他每天早上都要读半小时英语,所以他的英语成绩很好。 He ______ English for half an hour every morning, so his English ______ is very good. 26.下周一,我们学校将举行一场运动会,所有学生都可以参加。 Next Monday, our school ______ ______ a sports meeting and all students can ______ ______. 27.我的爸爸经常告诉我,遇到问题时要保持冷静,仔细思考。 My father often tells me to ______ ______ when I have problems and think ______. 28.昨天,我忘记带雨伞了,结果在回家的路上淋雨了。 Yesterday, I ______ ______ take my umbrella and ______ ______ in the rain on my way home. 29.在这个小镇上,有一家古老的书店,里面有很多不同种类的书。 In this small town, there is an ______ bookstore and there are many ______ ______ of books in it. 30.我们应该尊重每一个人,无论他们的年龄、性别或职业是什么。 We should ______ everyone, no matter what their age, ______ or ______ is. ( 1 / 2 )学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(北师大版2024) Unit 3 Feelings and Emotions重点词汇 必备知识清单 重点词汇释义 1. feeling n.情感,感情;感觉,感触(可指身体上的生理感觉,也可指心理上的情绪感受,常用复数形式feelings表示“情感”) 【用法释义】 作“感觉”讲时,为可数或不可数名词,可搭配“a + 形容词 + feeling”(如a warm feeling); 作“情感”讲时,常用复数feelings,强调内心的情绪状态,不可用单数形式描述多种情感。 【常用搭配】 have a feeling that... 有……的感觉(认为……) mixed feelings 复杂的情感 hurt sb.'s feelings 伤害某人的感情 【用法举例】 1. She has a strong feeling of happiness when she sees her family.(当看到家人时,她有一种强烈的幸福感。) 2. The cold wind gave me a feeling of chill.(寒风让我有一股寒意。) 3. You should be careful with your words, or you may hurt her feelings.(你说话要小心,否则可能会伤害她的感情。) 2. emotion n.强烈的感情,激情,情感,情绪(侧重较深沉、较强烈的情感,如爱、恨、悲伤、愤怒等,区别于日常轻微的情绪) 【用法释义】 为可数名词,可搭配“express/show/control + emotion”(表达/表现/控制情感); 常用复数形式emotions表示“多种情感”,主语多为人或人的内心活动。 【常用搭配】 express one's emotions 表达某人的情感 control one's emotions 控制某人的情绪 a wave of emotion 一阵情感(如一阵悲伤、一阵喜悦) 【用法举例】 1. Music can help people release their hidden emotions.(音乐能帮助人们释放隐藏的情感。) 2. He couldn't hold back his emotion when he heard the good news.(听到这个好消息时,他抑制不住自己的情绪。) 3. The actress showed different emotions perfectly in the movie.(这位女演员在电影中完美地展现了不同的情感。) 3. bored adj.厌倦的,烦闷的(主语必须是人,强调人因“无事可做或事情乏味”而感到无聊) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“be bored with sth./doing sth.”,表示“对某事/做某事感到厌倦”; 注意与“boring”区分:boring主语是物或事情,意为“令人厌倦的”(如a boring book一本无聊的书)。 【常用搭配】 be bored with (doing) sth. 对(做)某事感到厌倦 get bored 变得无聊 be bored to death 无聊得要死 【用法举例】 1. I'm bored with watching this repetitive TV show.(我对看这个重复的电视节目感到厌倦。) 2. The children got bored after staying at home for a whole day.(孩子们在家待了一整天后变得无聊了。) 3. She was bored to death during the long meeting.(漫长的会议期间,她无聊得要死。) 4. surprised adj.惊奇的,惊讶的(主语是人,强调人因“意外的事情”而产生的惊讶感受) 【用法释义】 常用搭配:“be surprised at sth.”(对某事感到惊讶)、“be surprised to do sth.”(做某事时感到惊讶)、“be surprised that...”(对……感到惊讶); 注意与“surprising”区分:surprising主语是物或事情,意为“令人惊讶的”(如a surprising result一个令人惊讶的结果)。 【常用搭配】 be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶 be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶 be surprised that... 对……感到惊讶 【用法举例】 1. We are all surprised at his sudden decision to leave.(我们都对他突然决定离开感到惊讶。) 2. She was surprised to find her lost key in the pocket.(她惊讶地发现丢失的钥匙在口袋里。) 3. I'm surprised that you can finish the work in such a short time.(我很惊讶你能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。) 5. worried adj.担心的,担忧的,发愁的(主语是人,强调人因“可能发生不好的事情”而感到焦虑) 【用法释义】 常用搭配:“be worried about sb./sth.”(担心某人/某事)、“be worried that...”(担心……); 可作定语修饰名词,如“a worried look”(担忧的表情)。 【常用搭配】 be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 be worried that... 担心…… look worried 看起来很担心 【用法举例】 1. Her parents are worried about her safety when she goes out alone.(她独自外出时,父母很担心她的安全。) 2. He is worried that he will fail the math exam.(他担心自己数学考试会不及格。) 3. The teacher has a worried look because some students are late.(老师露出担忧的表情,因为有些学生迟到了。) 6. argue vi.争论,争吵,争辩(强调因观点、意见不同而“争论”,可指轻微的争执,也可指激烈的争吵) 【用法释义】 不及物动词,不可直接接宾语,需搭配介词:“argue with sb.”(和某人争论)、“argue about/over sth.”(就某事争论); 若要表达“为某事和某人争论”,用“argue with sb. about/over sth.”。 【常用搭配】 argue with sb. 和某人争论 argue about/over sth. 就某事争论 argue with sb. about/over sth. 和某人就某事争论 【用法举例】 1. My brother and I often argue about which TV show to watch.(我和弟弟经常为看哪个电视节目争论。) 2. Don't argue with your parents; they just care about you.(别和父母争论,他们只是关心你。) 3. The two friends argued over a small misunderstanding yesterday.(昨天这两个朋友因为一个小误会争吵了。) 7. receive vt.拿到,接到,收到(强调“收到”的动作,不涉及是否“接受”;区别于“accept”,accept强调“主观接受”的意愿) 【用法释义】 及物动词,可直接接宾语,宾语常为信件、礼物、电话、邮件等; 常用搭配“receive sth. from sb.”(从某人那里收到某物)。 【常用搭配】 receive a letter/package/gift 收到信/包裹/礼物 receive a call/email 接到电话/收到邮件 receive sth. from sb. 从某人那里收到某物 【用法举例】 1. She received a birthday gift from her best friend last week.(上周她收到了最好朋友送的生日礼物。) 2. I received a call from my teacher this morning.(今天早上我接到了老师的电话。) 3. He received an email about the meeting time just now.(他刚才收到一封关于会议时间的邮件。) 8. nothing pron.没有什么(表示“不存在任何事物”,既可指人,也可指物,作主语时谓语动词用单数) 【用法释义】 不定代词,可单独作主语、宾语或表语; 常用搭配:“have nothing to do”(无事可做)、“nothing but”(除了……之外什么也没有,只不过)。 【常用搭配】 have nothing to do 无事可做 nothing but 除了……之外什么也没有;只不过 There is nothing wrong with... ……没什么问题 【用法举例】 1. There is nothing in the empty box.(这个空盒子里什么也没有。) 2. I have nothing to do this weekend, so I plan to read books.(这个周末我无事可做,所以打算看书。) 3. He said nothing but smiled when he saw me.(看到我时,他什么也没说,只是笑了笑。) 9. stand vt.&vi.vt. 容忍,忍受;站立,直立(“容忍”时多与can't/couldn't连用,用于否定句或疑问句,不用于肯定句;“站立”时可作及物或不及物动词) vi. 站立,直立 【用法释义】 表“容忍”:stand sb./sth.(容忍某人/某事)、stand doing sth.(容忍做某事),仅用于否定句/疑问句; 表“站立”:可单独作不及物动词(如stand up站起来),也可作及物动词接宾语(如stand the table by the window把桌子放在窗边)。 【常用搭配】 can't stand sb./sth. 不能容忍某人/某事 can't stand doing sth. 不能容忍做某事 stand up 站起来;起立 stand by 支持;袖手旁观 【用法举例】 1. I can't stand the noise from the next room.(我受不了隔壁房间的噪音。) 2. She can't stand waiting for others for a long time.(她不能容忍等别人很长时间。) 3. Everyone stood up when the teacher entered the classroom.(老师走进教室时,所有人都站了起来。) 10. poor adj.可怜的,不幸的;贫穷的(可修饰人或事物,修饰人时需注意语气,避免冒犯) 【用法释义】 表“贫穷的”:指经济条件差,常用“poor family”“poor people”; 表“可怜的,不幸的”:指因遭遇困难或不幸而令人同情,常用“poor + 名词”(如poor child可怜的孩子); 可用于“the poor”(穷人),表示一类人,作主语时谓语动词用复数。 【常用搭配】 poor family/people 贫困的家庭/人们 poor health 健康状况差 the poor 穷人(表一类人) 【用法举例】 1. Many volunteers help the poor in this small village.(很多志愿者帮助这个小村庄里的穷人。) 2. The poor little girl lost her parents in the accident.(这个可怜的小女孩在事故中失去了父母。) 3. He has been in poor health since last year.(自从去年以来,他的健康状况一直很差。) 11. understand vt.&vi.了解,体谅;懂,理解;认识到(强调“明白、领会”的过程或结果,可指理解语言、道理、他人的感受等) 【用法释义】 及物动词:可直接接宾语(如understand English懂英语、understand sb.理解某人); 可接从句:“understand that...”(明白……,认识到……); 常用“understand sb.'s feelings”(体谅某人的感受)表达“体谅”义。 【常用搭配】 understand sb./sth. 理解某人/某事 understand that... 明白……;认识到…… understand sb.'s feelings 体谅某人的感受 make oneself understood 使自己被理解 【用法举例】 1. Do you understand the meaning of this new word?(你明白这个新单词的意思吗?) 2. She understands that it's hard for him to finish the work alone.(她明白他一个人完成这项工作很难。) 3. He tried to explain, but he couldn't make himself understood.(他努力解释,但没能让别人理解自己。) 12. solve vt.解决,处理;破解(强调“找到解决办法”,宾语常为问题、难题、谜题等) 【用法释义】 及物动词,直接接宾语,常用搭配“solve a problem”(解决问题)、“solve a puzzle”(破解谜题); 区别于“deal with”:deal with强调“处理”的过程,solve强调“解决”的结果。 【常用搭配】 solve a problem 解决问题 solve a puzzle 破解谜题 solve a difficulty 克服困难 【用法举例】 1. We need to work together to solve this environmental problem.(我们需要共同努力解决这个环境问题。) 2. He spent two hours solving the math puzzle.(他花了两个小时破解这道数学谜题。) 3. The manager helped solve the difficulty between the two employees.(经理帮忙解决了两名员工之间的矛盾。) 13. shout vt.&vi.大声说;斥责;喊叫(强调因激动、愤怒、距离远等而“大声说话或喊叫”) 【用法释义】 不及物动词:“shout at sb.”(对某人大声喊叫,含斥责义)、“shout to sb.”(对某人大声喊,仅为让对方听见,无贬义); 及物动词:“shout sth.”(大声说某事)、“shout that...”(大声说……)。 【常用搭配】 shout at sb. 对某人大声喊叫(含斥责) shout to sb. 对某人大声喊(让对方听见) shout out 大声喊出 【用法举例】 1. The mother shouted at her son because he broke the vase.(妈妈对儿子大声喊叫,因为他打碎了花瓶。) 2. He shouted to me from the other side of the street.(他从街的另一边对我大声喊。) 3. The students shouted out the answer together.(学生们一起大声喊出了答案。) 14. control vt.&n.vt. 指挥,控制,掌管(强调“支配、约束”人或事物,使其按意愿发展) n. 管理权,控制权(不可数名词,常用“the control of sth.”“have control over sth.”) 【用法释义】 动词:“control sb./sth.”(控制某人/某事)、“control oneself”(控制自己的情绪、行为); 名词:“take control of”(掌控……)、“lose control of”(失去对……的控制)、“under control”(处于控制之中)。 【常用搭配】 control oneself 控制自己(的情绪/行为) take control of 掌控…… lose control of 失去对……的控制 under control 处于控制之中 【用法举例】 1. She tried to control her anger when she heard the bad news.(听到坏消息时,她努力控制自己的愤怒。) 2. The government took control of the situation quickly.(政府迅速掌控了局势。) 3. The fire is finally under control after hours of hard work.(经过数小时的努力,火势终于得到了控制。) 15. anger n.怒火,怒气(指因被冒犯、不满而产生的“愤怒情绪”,为不可数名词,无复数形式) 【用法释义】 可作主语、宾语,常用搭配“show anger”(表现出愤怒)、“hold back anger”(抑制愤怒)、“in anger”(愤怒地); 可与介词“with”搭配,“anger with sb.”(对某人的愤怒)。 【常用搭配】 show anger 表现出愤怒 hold back anger 抑制愤怒 in anger 愤怒地 anger with sb. 对某人的愤怒 【用法举例】 1. His words filled her with anger.(他的话让她充满了愤怒。) 2. She couldn't hold back her anger and shouted at him.(她忍不住怒火,对他大喊起来。) 3. He left the room in anger without saying a word.(他愤怒地离开房间,一句话也没说。) 16. communicate vt.&vi.vt. 交流(强调“传递信息、思想”,直接接宾语,如communicate ideas传递想法) vi. 沟通(强调“与人交流互动”,常用“communicate with sb.”) 【用法释义】 不及物动词:“communicate with sb.”(与某人沟通),为最常用搭配; 及物动词:“communicate sth. to sb.”(把某事传递给某人),宾语多为信息、观点、想法等。 【常用搭配】 communicate with sb. 与某人沟通 communicate sth. to sb. 把某事传递给某人 good communication skills 良好的沟通技巧(communication为名词“沟通”) 【用法举例】 1. It's important to communicate with your parents regularly.(定期和父母沟通很重要。) 2. She communicated her plan to the team members clearly.(她把自己的计划清楚地传达给了团队成员。) 3. Animals can communicate with each other in their own ways.(动物可以用它们自己的方式互相交流。) 17. upset adj.&vt.adj. 难过,不高兴,沮丧的(主语是人,强调因失望、挫折而“情绪低落”) vt. 使烦恼,使心烦意乱;打乱(强调“让某人情绪变差”或“打乱计划、秩序”) 【用法释义】 形容词:“be upset about/at sth.”(因某事而难过)、“be upset with sb.”(对某人感到不满); 动词:“upset sb.”(使某人心烦)、“upset sth.”(打乱某事,如计划、安排),过去式和过去分词仍为upset。 【常用搭配】 be upset about/at sth. 因某事而难过 be upset with sb. 对某人感到不满 upset sb. 使某人心烦 upset one's plans 打乱某人的计划 【用法举例】 1. She was upset about missing the important meeting.(她因为错过重要会议而难过。) 2. His careless words upset his best friend.(他无心的话让最好的朋友心烦。) 3. The heavy rain upset our plan to go hiking.(大雨打乱了我们去徒步旅行的计划。) 18. emotional adj.情绪激动的,感情冲动的;感情的,情绪的(可描述人“易情绪化的”,也可描述事物“与情感相关的”) 【用法释义】 修饰人:“an emotional person”(情绪化的人),表示人容易被情绪影响; 修饰事物:“emotional music”(抒情音乐)、“emotional story”(感人的故事),表示与情感相关。 【常用搭配】 emotional person 情绪化的人 emotional moment 激动人心的时刻 emotional support 情感支持 【用法举例】 1. She is a very emotional person; she cries easily when watching sad movies.(她是个很情绪化的人,看悲伤的电影时很容易哭。) 2. The speech touched everyone and created an emotional moment.(这场演讲打动了所有人,营造了一个激动人心的时刻。) 3. Friends can give us important emotional support when we are in trouble.(遇到困难时,朋友能给我们重要的情感支持。) 19. ordinary adj.普通的,平常的(强调“无特殊之处、平凡的”,区别于“special”(特别的)、“unusual”(不寻常的)) 【用法释义】 可作定语修饰名词(如ordinary life平凡的生活),也可作表语(如He is ordinary.他很平凡); 区别于“common”:common强调“常见的”(如common mistake常见的错误),ordinary强调“平凡的、无特色的”。 【常用搭配】 ordinary life 平凡的生活 ordinary people 普通人 in ordinary times 在平常时期 【用法举例】 1. He lives an ordinary life with his family in a small town.(他和家人在一个小镇过着平凡的生活。) 2. This is just an ordinary book, but it has a deep meaning.(这只是一本普通的书,但它有着深刻的意义。) 3. Ordinary people can also do great things if they work hard.(普通人只要努力,也能做伟大的事。) 20. teenager n.青少年(指13至19岁的年轻人,为可数名词,单复数同形,复数直接加s) 【用法释义】 可直接作主语或宾语,常用搭配“teenager life”(青少年生活)、“young teenager”(十三四岁的青少年); 注意:“teenage”为形容词,意为“青少年的”(如teenage girls少女)。 【常用搭配】 teenage life 青少年生活 a group of teenagers 一群青少年 problems of teenagers 青少年的问题 【用法举例】 1. Many teenagers like to listen to pop music.(很多青少年喜欢听流行音乐。) 2. She started learning English when she was a teenager.(她十几岁时就开始学英语了。) 3. This program is designed to help teenagers solve their study problems.(这个节目旨在帮助青少年解决学习问题。) 21. while conj.在……期间,当……的时候;虽然,尽管(引导时间状语从句或让步状语从句) 【用法释义】 引导时间状语从句:表示“当……发生时,另一件事正在进行”,从句常用进行时(如I was reading while he was watching TV.); 引导让步状语从句:表示“虽然、尽管”,语气比“though”“although”弱,常放在句首,且从句与主句之间用逗号隔开(如While he is young, he is very experienced.)。 【常用搭配】 while doing sth. 当做某事的时候(省略从句主语,主语需与主句一致) while + 从句(进行时) 当……正在发生时 While..., 主句. 虽然……,但是……(不可与but连用) 【用法举例】 1. I often listen to music while I am doing my homework.(我做作业时经常听音乐。) 2. While she is not good at math, she does well in English.(虽然她数学不好,但英语学得很好。) 3. He fell asleep while watching a boring movie.(他看无聊电影时睡着了。) 22. test n.,vt.&vi.n. 测验,考查;试验,测试(可数名词,如math test数学测验、blood test血液检测) vt.&vi. 测验,考查;试验,测试(如test students考学生、test a machine测试机器) 【用法释义】 名词:“take a test”(参加测验)、“pass/fail a test”(通过/未通过测验); 动词:“test sb. on sth.”(就某事测验某人)、“test sth. for sth.”(为检测……而测试某物)。 【常用搭配】 take a test 参加测验 pass/fail a test 通过/未通过测验 test sb. on sth. 就某事测验某人 test a machine 测试机器 【用法举例】 1. We will take a physics test next Monday.(我们下周一要参加物理测验。) 2. The teacher tested us on the new words we learned yesterday.(老师就我们昨天学的新单词测验了我们。) 3. The workers are testing the new machine to make sure it works.(工人们正在测试新机器,确保它能正常运行。) 23. hold on to抓紧,不放开;坚持(观点、信念等)(为动词短语,后接名词或代词) 【用法释义】 表“抓紧”:后接具体事物(如hold on to the rope抓紧绳子); 表“坚持”:后接抽象事物(如hold on to one's dream坚持梦想),不可分开使用,代词需放在to前(如hold on to it)。 【常用搭配】 hold on to sth. 抓紧某物;坚持某事 hold on to one's dream 坚持某人的梦想 hold on to the handrail 抓紧扶手 【用法举例】 1. Hold on to the handrail when you take the escalator.(坐自动扶梯时要抓紧扶手。) 2. She decided to hold on to her dream of becoming a doctor.(她决定坚持自己当医生的梦想。) 3. The little boy held on to his mother's hand tightly in the crowd.(在人群中,小男孩紧紧抓住妈妈的手。) 24. pretend vt.&vi.假装(强调“故意表现出不真实的状态或行为”,以欺骗他人或掩饰真实情况) 【用法释义】 后接不定式:“pretend to do sth.”(假装做某事)、“pretend to be + adj./n.”(假装是……); 后接从句:“pretend that...”(假装……),从句常用过去时表示“假装过去的情况”。 【常用搭配】 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 pretend to be + adj./n. 假装是……(如pretend to be asleep假装睡着) pretend that... 假装…… 【用法举例】 1. He pretended to be busy when his mother asked him to help.(妈妈让他帮忙时,他假装很忙。) 2. The children pretended to be tigers and ran around the room.(孩子们假装是老虎,在房间里跑来跑去。) 3. She pretended that she didn't know the truth, but we all knew she did.(她假装不知道真相,但我们都知道她知道。) 25. among prep.在……中,周围是;……之一(用于三者或三者以上的“在……之间”,区别于“between”(用于两者之间)) 【用法释义】 后接复数名词或集合名词(如among the students在学生们中、among the trees在树林中); 表“……之一”时,常用“among + 复数名词”(如among the best students在最好的学生之中)。 【常用搭配】 among + 复数名词 在……之中(三者及以上) among friends 在朋友中 be among the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 是……中最……之一 【用法举例】 1. She found her key among the books on the desk.(她在桌子上的书中间找到了钥匙。) 2. He is very popular among his classmates because he is friendly.(他在同学中很受欢迎,因为他很友好。) 3. This book is among the most interesting books I have ever read.(这本书是我读过的最有趣的书之一。) 26. stage n.时期,阶段;舞台(可数名词,根据语境区分含义) 【用法释义】 表“时期,阶段”:常用“at this stage”(在这个阶段)、“in the early/late stage”(在早期/晚期阶段); 表“舞台”:常用“on the stage”(在舞台上)、“go on stage”(上台表演)。 【常用搭配】 at this stage 在这个阶段 in the early stage 在早期阶段 on the stage 在舞台上 go on stage 上台表演 【用法举例】 1. Children learn a lot of new things at the stage of childhood.(孩子们在童年时期会学习很多新东西。) 2. The project is still in the early stage, so we need to work harder.(这个项目还处于早期阶段,所以我们需要更努力。) 3. The singer was nervous when she went on stage for the first time.(这位歌手第一次上台表演时很紧张。) 27. childhood n.童年,孩童时期(指从出生到青春期前的时期,为不可数名词,无复数形式) 【用法释义】 可作主语、宾语,常用搭配“childhood memories”(童年记忆)、“in one's childhood”(在某人的童年时期); 可与形容词搭配,如“happy childhood”(快乐的童年)、“difficult childhood”(艰难的童年)。 【常用搭配】 childhood memories 童年记忆 in one's childhood 在某人的童年时期 happy/difficult childhood 快乐的/艰难的童年 【用法举例】 1. She has many sweet childhood memories of playing with her friends.(她有很多和朋友一起玩耍的甜蜜童年记忆。) 2. In his childhood, he lived with his grandparents in the countryside.(他童年时和祖父母住在乡下。) 3. A happy childhood is very important for a person's growth.(快乐的童年对一个人的成长非常重要。) 28. adult n.&adj.n. 成年人(指年满18岁的人,可数名词,复数加s) adj. 成年的;成熟的(修饰人或事物,如adult life成年生活、adult behavior成熟的行为) 【用法释义】 名词:“an adult”(一个成年人)、“adults and children”(成人和儿童); 形容词:“adult education”(成人教育)、“adult responsibilities”(成年人的责任)。 【常用搭配】 an adult 一个成年人 adult life 成年生活 adult education 成人教育 adult behavior 成熟的行为 【用法举例】 1. Adults should take responsibility for their own actions.(成年人应该为自己的行为负责。) 2. She started working and entered adult life after graduating from college.(大学毕业后,她开始工作,进入了成年生活。) 3. This book is suitable for both children and adults.(这本书既适合儿童也适合成人。) 29. brain n.脑;智力,脑力(可数名词,指“大脑”时常用单数;指“智力”时常用复数brains,不可数) 【用法释义】 表“大脑”:“the brain”(大脑)、“hurt one's brain”(伤到大脑); 表“智力”:“use one's brains”(动脑筋)、“have good brains”(聪明,有头脑),常用复数形式。 【常用搭配】 the human brain 人类大脑 use one's brains 动脑筋 have good brains 聪明,有头脑 rack one's brains 绞尽脑汁 【用法举例】 1. The human brain is one of the most complex organs in the body.(人类大脑是身体中最复杂的器官之一。) 2. You need to use your brains to solve this difficult problem.(你需要动脑筋解决这个难题。) 3. She racked her brains but still couldn't remember his name.(她绞尽脑汁,但还是想不起他的名字。) 30. rapidly adv.迅速地,快速地(修饰动词,强调“速度快、变化快”,区别于“slowly”(缓慢地)) 【用法释义】 常放在动词后或句末,也可放在动词前强调速度; 可修饰“增长、变化、发展”等动词,如grow rapidly(快速增长)、change rapidly(快速变化)。 【常用搭配】 grow rapidly 快速增长 change rapidly 快速变化 develop rapidly 快速发展 【用法举例】 1. The city has developed rapidly in the past ten years.(过去十年,这座城市发展得很快。) 2. The number of online shoppers is growing rapidly every year.(每年网购者的数量都在快速增长。) 3. The weather changed rapidly; it was sunny just now, but now it's raining.(天气变化很快,刚才还晴天,现在就下雨了。) 31. physical adj.身体的,肉体的;客观存在的,物质的(可修饰“身体、健康、变化”等,也可修饰“物体、世界”等) 【用法释义】 表“身体的”:“physical health”(身体健康)、“physical exercise”(体育锻炼)、“physical pain”(身体疼痛); 表“客观存在的”:“physical world”(物质世界)、“physical objects”(实物)。 【常用搭配】 physical health 身体健康 physical exercise 体育锻炼 physical change 物理变化(与chemical change化学变化相对) physical world 物质世界 【用法举例】 1. Regular physical exercise is good for our physical and mental health.(规律的体育锻炼对我们的身心健康有益。) 2. He suffered from physical pain after the accident.(事故后,他承受着身体上的疼痛。) 3. Ice melting into water is a physical change, not a chemical change.(冰融化成水是物理变化,不是化学变化。) 32. cause vt.&n.vt. 造成,引起,导致(强调“作为原因导致结果”,主语多为事物,宾语多为问题、疾病、事故等) n. 原因;理由(可数名词,“the cause of sth.”(某事的原因),区别于“reason”(侧重“解释原因的理由”)) 【用法释义】 动词:“cause sth.”(导致某事)、“cause sb. to do sth.”(导致某人做某事); 名词:“the cause of sth.”(某事的原因)、“for the cause of...”(为了……的事业,如for the cause of peace为了和平事业)。 【常用搭配】 cause sth. 导致某事(如cause trouble带来麻烦) cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 the cause of sth. 某事的原因 for the cause of... 为了……的事业 【用法举例】 1. Smoking can cause many serious diseases.(吸烟会导致很多严重的疾病。) 2. The bad weather caused us to cancel the outdoor activity.(恶劣天气导致我们取消了户外活动。) 3. Do you know the cause of the traffic accident yesterday?(你知道昨天那场交通事故的原因吗?) 33. ups and downs浮沉,兴衰,荣辱(为固定短语,常用复数形式,无单数,指“人生、事业等的起伏变化”) 【用法释义】 可作主语、宾语,常用“have ups and downs”(有起有伏)、“experience ups and downs”(经历起伏); 不用于修饰名词,需单独使用描述“变化过程”。 【常用搭配】 have ups and downs 有起有伏 experience ups and downs 经历起伏 the ups and downs of life 人生的起起落落 【用法举例】 1. Everyone's life has its ups and downs; we should face them bravely.(每个人的人生都有起起落落,我们应该勇敢面对。) 2. The company has experienced many ups and downs since it was founded.(这家公司自成立以来经历了很多兴衰。) 3. She told me about the ups and downs of her career in the past ten years.(她给我讲了过去十年她职业生涯的起伏。) 34. deaf adj.聋的;不愿听的,充耳不闻的(可描述人“生理上的聋”,也可描述人“不愿意听别人的话”) 【用法释义】 表“聋的”:“be deaf”(是聋的)、“deaf people”(聋人),常用“the deaf”(聋人群体),作主语时谓语动词用复数; 表“不愿听的”:“be deaf to sth.”(对某事充耳不闻),如be deaf to advice对建议充耳不闻。 【常用搭配】 the deaf 聋人群体 be deaf to sth. 对某事充耳不闻 deaf and dumb 又聋又哑的(注意:该短语略显不礼貌,现常用“deaf and non-verbal”) 【用法举例】 1. The old man has been deaf for five years, so he needs a hearing aid.(这位老人已经聋了五年,所以他需要助听器。) 2. She is always deaf to her parents' advice; that's why she often makes mistakes.(她总是对父母的建议充耳不闻,这就是她经常犯错的原因。) 3. The organization provides help for the deaf in this city.(这个组织为这座城市的聋人群体提供帮助。) 35. roller coaster过山车(可数名词,指游乐园里的游乐设施,也可比喻“人生、情绪的起伏”) 【用法释义】 表“过山车”:“ride a roller coaster”(坐过山车)、“a scary roller coaster”(惊险的过山车); 比喻义:“a roller coaster of emotions”(情绪的大起大落),常用“a roller coaster of + 名词”结构。 【常用搭配】 ride a roller coaster 坐过山车 a roller coaster of emotions 情绪的大起大落 an exciting roller coaster 刺激的过山车 【用法举例】 1. My little sister was too scared to ride the roller coaster.(我妹妹太害怕了,不敢坐过山车。) 2. The past few months have been a roller coaster of emotions for her.(过去几个月对她来说是情绪的大起大落。) 3. We waited in line for an hour to ride the new roller coaster in the amusement park.(我们排队等了一个小时,就为了坐游乐园里的新过山车。) 36. relationship n.关系,联系(可数名词,可指人与人之间的“关系”(如朋友、家人关系),也可指事物之间的“联系”) 【用法释义】 指人际关系:“relationship between A and B”(A和B之间的关系)、“good/bad relationship”(好/坏关系); 指事物联系:“relationship between two factors”(两个因素之间的联系)。 【常用搭配】 relationship between A and B A和B之间的关系/联系 family relationship 家庭关系 friendship relationship 朋友关系 improve one's relationship with sb. 改善与某人的关系 【用法举例】 1. Good communication can improve the relationship between parents and children.(良好的沟通能改善父母和孩子之间的关系。) 2. Scientists are studying the relationship between air pollution and health.(科学家正在研究空气污染和健康之间的联系。) 3. She has a close relationship with her sister; they tell each other everything.(她和妹妹关系亲密,她们什么都告诉对方。) 37. compare vt.比较,对比(强调“将两者或多者放在一起,找出相同点或不同点”) 【用法释义】 常用搭配:“compare A with B”(将A与B比较,侧重找不同)、“compare A to B”(将A比作B,侧重打比方,如把人生比作旅程); 可用于“compared with/to...”(与……相比),作状语,放句首或句末。 【常用搭配】 compare A with B 将A与B比较 compare A to B 将A比作B compared with/to... 与……相比 【用法举例】 1. The teacher asked us to compare the two poems and find their differences.(老师让我们比较这两首诗,找出它们的不同之处。) 2. People often compare life to a journey full of challenges.(人们常把人生比作一段充满挑战的旅程。) 3. Compared with last year, our company's profits have increased a lot this year.(与去年相比,我们公司今年的利润增长了很多。) 38. harm n.&vt.n. 伤害,损害(不可数名词,“do harm to sb./sth.”(对某人/某事造成伤害)) vt. 伤害,损害(及物动词,“harm sb./sth.”(伤害某人/某事),语气比“hurt”(伤害,侧重疼痛)、“injure”(受伤,侧重身体伤害)弱) 【常用搭配】 do harm to sb./sth. 对某人/某事造成伤害 harm sb./sth. 伤害某人/某事 no harm done 没造成伤害;没关系(用于道歉后回应) 【用法举例】 1. Too much screen time can do harm to your eyes.(长时间看屏幕会对你的眼睛造成伤害。) 2. Don't harm the small animals; they are our friends.(不要伤害小动物,它们是我们的朋友。) 3. I accidentally knocked over his cup, but he said "no harm done".(我不小心打翻了他的杯子,但他说“没关系”。) 39. succeed vi.成功(不及物动词,不可直接接宾语,需搭配介词“in”,表示“在某方面成功”;区别于“successful”(形容词,成功的)、“success”(名词,成功)) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“succeed in (doing) sth.”(成功做某事); 可用于“succeed to sth.”(继承某物,如继承财产、职位),但较少见,日常主要用“succeed in doing sth.”。 【常用搭配】 succeed in (doing) sth. 成功做某事 succeed in one's career 在事业上成功 succeed to the throne 继承王位(较正式) 【用法举例】 1. He worked hard and finally succeeded in passing the exam.(他努力学习,最终成功通过了考试。) 2. She hopes to succeed in her dream of becoming a famous singer.(她希望能实现成为著名歌手的梦想。) 3. After years of hard work, the company succeeded in developing a new product.(经过多年努力,这家公司成功研发出了一款新产品。) 40. probably adv.很可能,大概(表示“可能性较大”,程度比“maybe”(可能,可能性较小)、“perhaps”(也许,可能性中等)强) 【用法释义】 常放在be动词、情态动词(can, will等)后,实义动词前; 可用于句首,表示“很可能”,如“Probably he will come back soon.”(他很可能很快会回来。)。 【常用搭配】 probably + 动词 很可能…… will probably do sth. 很可能做某事 is probably + adj. 很可能是…… 【用法举例】 1. It's getting dark, so they will probably be home soon.(天快黑了,所以他们很可能很快就到家了。) 2. She probably forgot about our meeting because she didn't call.(她很可能忘了我们的会议,因为她没打电话。) 3. Probably we need to take an umbrella; the sky looks dark.(我们很可能需要带把伞,天看起来阴沉沉的。) 41. appearance n.外貌,外观,外表(不可数名词,指“人的外貌”或“事物的外观”;区别于“appear”(动词,出现;看起来)) 【用法释义】 表“外貌”:“one's appearance”(某人的外貌),常用“judge by appearance”(以貌取人); 表“外观”:“the appearance of sth.”(某物的外观),如“the appearance of the building”(建筑物的外观)。 【常用搭配】 judge by appearance 以貌取人 change one's appearance 改变外貌/外观 the appearance of sth. 某物的外观 【用法举例】 1. We shouldn't judge a person by his or her appearance.(我们不应该以貌取人。) 2. She changed her appearance by cutting her long hair short.(她把长发剪短,改变了自己的外貌。) 3. The new car has a modern and stylish appearance.(这款新车有着现代且时尚的外观。) 42. medium adj.&n.adj. 中等的,中号的(常缩写为“M”,用于描述尺寸、大小、程度等,如medium size中号) n. 媒介,手段,方法(可数名词,复数形式为media,指“传播媒介”(如电视、报纸)或“工具、手段”) 【用法释义】 形容词:“medium size”(中号)、“medium height”(中等身高)、“medium temperature”(中等温度); 名词:“mass media”(大众传媒)、“by means of medium”(通过某种手段)。 【常用搭配】 medium size 中号 medium height 中等身高 mass media 大众传媒 medium of communication 沟通媒介 【用法举例】 1. I want to buy a T-shirt in medium size; small is too tight.(我想买一件中号的T恤,小号太紧了。) 2. He is of medium height, with short black hair.(他中等身高,留着黑色短发。) 3. TV and newspapers are important mass media in our daily life.(电视和报纸是我们日常生活中重要的大众传媒。) 43. height n.身高,高度(不可数名词,指“身高”时,常用“one's height”(某人的身高);指“高度”时,常用“the height of sth.”(某物的高度)) 【用法释义】 表“身高”:“What's your height?”(你身高多少?)、“be of + 形容词 + height”(身高……,如be of medium height中等身高); 表“高度”:“the height of a mountain”(山的高度)、“at the height of...”(在……的顶峰,如at the height of summer在盛夏)。 【常用搭配】 one's height 某人的身高 be of medium height 中等身高 the height of sth. 某物的高度 at the height of... 在……的顶峰 【用法举例】 1. What's your height? I think you are taller than me.(你身高多少?我觉得你比我高。) 2. The height of this building is 100 meters.(这座建筑物的高度是100米。) 3. At the height of summer, the temperature here can reach 40 degrees.(在盛夏,这里的气温能达到40度。) 44. slim adj.苗条的,纤细的;(机会)微小的(可描述人“身材苗条”,也可描述“机会、希望等微小”) 【用法释义】 表“苗条的”:多形容女性身材,也可形容男性“修长的”,比较级slimmer,最高级slimmest; 表“微小的”:“slim chance”(微小的机会)、“slim hope”(微小的希望),仅用于修饰抽象名词。 【常用搭配】 slim figure 苗条的身材 slim chance 微小的机会 keep slim 保持苗条 【用法举例】 1. She keeps doing exercise every day to keep slim.(她每天坚持锻炼以保持苗条。) 2. There is a slim chance that we can catch the last bus.(我们赶上末班车的机会很微小。) 3. The girl has a slim figure and long hair.(这个女孩身材苗条,留着长发。) 45. well built身强力壮的,体格健美的(为形容词短语,用于描述人“身材结实、健壮”,尤指男性,只能作表语或定语,不能单独作谓语) 【用法释义】 作表语:“sb. be well built”(某人身材健壮); 作定语:“a well-built man”(一个体格健美的男人),注意作定语时需加连字符“-”。 【常用搭配】 be well built 身材健壮 a well-built person 体格健美的人 【用法举例】 1. The football player is well built; he can run very fast.(这位足球运动员身材健壮,他能跑得很快。) 2. My uncle is a well-built man who often goes to the gym.(我叔叔是个体格健美的人,他经常去健身房。) 3. The security guard looks well built, so everyone feels safe with him around.(保安看起来身材健壮,所以有他在,大家都觉得安全。) 46. wavy adj.波浪形的;起伏不平的(可描述“头发、线条”等为“波浪形的”,也可描述“道路、山脉”等为“起伏不平的”) 【用法释义】 修饰头发:“wavy hair”(波浪发); 修饰物体/地形:“wavy lines”(波浪线)、“wavy roads”(起伏的道路)。 【常用搭配】 wavy hair 波浪发 wavy lines 波浪线 wavy hills 起伏的小山 【用法举例】 1. She has beautiful wavy hair that shines in the sun.(她有一头漂亮的波浪发,在阳光下闪闪发光。) 2. The artist drew some wavy lines on the paper to represent the sea.(艺术家在纸上画了一些波浪线来代表大海。) 3. We drove along the wavy road through the mountains.(我们沿着穿过山脉的起伏道路行驶。) 47. personality n.性格,个性,人格(可数名词,指个人稳定的性格特征,区别于“character”(侧重“品德、品性”)、“temper”(侧重“脾气”)) 【用法释义】 常用“a + 形容词 + personality”(如a friendly personality友好的性格); 可搭配“develop one's personality”(培养个性)、“have a good personality”(性格好)。 【常用搭配】 friendly/outgoing personality 友好的/外向的性格 develop one's personality 培养个性 have a good personality 性格好 【用法举例】 1. She has a very outgoing personality, so she makes friends easily.(她性格非常外向,所以很容易交到朋友。) 2. Reading books can help develop a person's personality.(读书有助于培养一个人的个性。) 3. Employers often value not only skills but also a good personality.(雇主通常不仅看重技能,也看重良好的性格。) 48. sociable adj.好交际的,合群的,友好的(描述人“喜欢与人交往、容易相处”,区别于“unsociable”(不爱交际的)) 【用法释义】 可作表语(“sb. be sociable”(某人好交际))或定语(“a sociable person”(好交际的人)); 常用搭配“be sociable with sb.”(与某人友好相处)。 【常用搭配】 sociable person 好交际的人 be sociable with sb. 与某人友好相处 sociable atmosphere 友好的氛围 【用法举例】 1. My sister is very sociable; she likes to talk to new people.(我妹妹很爱交际,她喜欢和陌生人聊天。) 2. He is sociable with his classmates, so he is very popular in the class.(他和同学友好相处,所以在班里很受欢迎。) 3. The party has a sociable atmosphere where everyone can relax and talk.(这场派对氛围友好,每个人都能放松聊天。) 49. humorous adj.有幽默感的;滑稽有趣的(描述人“善于讲笑话、让人发笑”,或描述事物“有趣、引人发笑”;区别于“humor”(名词,幽默)) 【用法释义】 修饰人:“a humorous person”(有幽默感的人); 修饰事物:“a humorous story”(滑稽的故事)、“humorous movies”(喜剧电影)。 【常用搭配】 humorous person 有幽默感的人 humorous story/joke 滑稽的故事/笑话 have a humorous sense 有幽默感(=have a sense of humor) 【用法举例】 1. Our math teacher is very humorous; his classes are always full of laughter.(我们的数学老师很有幽默感,他的课总是充满笑声。) 2. She told a humorous story to make everyone feel less nervous.(她讲了一个滑稽的故事,让大家不那么紧张。) 3. People who are humorous are usually more popular with others.(有幽默感的人通常更受别人欢迎。) 50. herself pron.她自己(反身代词,用于主语是女性的情况,强调“某人亲自、独自”或“某人自己”) 【用法释义】 作宾语:用于动词或介词后,主语与宾语为同一女性,如“she hurt herself”(她伤到了自己); 作同位语:用于名词或代词后,强调“亲自”,如“she did it herself”(她亲自做的); 常用搭配“by herself”(独自地)、“enjoy herself”(玩得开心)。 【常用搭配】 by herself 独自地 enjoy herself 玩得开心 hurt herself 伤到她自己 do sth. by herself 独自做某事 【用法举例】 1. She made the cake by herself without any help.(她没要任何帮助,独自做了这个蛋糕。) 2. My little sister enjoyed herself at the birthday party.(我妹妹在生日派对上玩得很开心。) 3. She looked at herself in the mirror and smiled.(她看着镜子里的自己,笑了。) 51. mirror n.镜子(可数名词,指“能反射影像的镜子”,也可比喻“反映、写照”) 【用法释义】 表“镜子”:“look in the mirror”(照镜子)、“a bathroom mirror”(浴室镜子); 比喻义:“a mirror of sth.”(某物的反映/写照),如“a mirror of society”(社会的写照)。 【常用搭配】 look in the mirror 照镜子 bathroom mirror 浴室镜子 a mirror of society 社会的写照 【用法举例】 1. She looked in the mirror and fixed her hair before going out.(出门前,她照了照镜子,整理了头发。) 2. The mirror in our bedroom is big enough for two people to use.(我们卧室里的镜子足够两个人用。) 3. This book is a mirror of the life of ordinary people in the 19th century.(这本书是19世纪普通人生活的写照。) 52. as adv.&conj.adv. 像……一样,如同;(用于比较)和……一样(常用于“as + adj./adv. + as”结构,表“和……一样……”) conj. 当……时,随着;正如;虽然(引导时间、方式、让步状语从句) 【用法释义】 副词:“as...as...”(和……一样……,否定式“not as...as...”不如……); 连词: 1. 引导时间从句:“as + 从句”(当……时,如As she walked, she sang.); 2. 引导方式从句:“as + 从句”(正如……,如Do as I told you.); 3. 引导让步从句:“as + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语”(虽然……,如Young as he is, he knows a lot.)。 【常用搭配】 as...as... 和……一样…… not as...as... 不如…… as time goes by 随着时间的流逝 as sb. said 正如某人所说 Young as he is... 虽然他年轻……(让步从句) 【用法举例】 1. This book is as interesting as that one.(这本书和那本书一样有趣。) 2. As she walked home, she thought about the day's events.(走回家时,她想着白天发生的事。) 3. Brave as she is, she still felt nervous before the speech.(虽然她很勇敢,但演讲前还是感到紧张。) 53. outgoing adj.爱交际的,友好的,外向的(描述人“性格开朗、喜欢与人交往”,区别于“shy”(害羞的)、“introverted”(内向的)) 【用法释义】 可作表语(“sb. be outgoing”(某人外向))或定语(“an outgoing person”(外向的人)); 常用搭配“be outgoing with sb.”(对某人友好外向)。 【常用搭配】 outgoing person 外向的人 be outgoing with friends 对朋友外向友好 outgoing personality 外向的性格 【用法举例】 1. He is very outgoing, so he always takes part in class activities.(他很外向,所以总是参加班级活动。) 2. My new neighbor is an outgoing girl who often invites us to her home.(我的新邻居是个外向的女孩,她经常邀请我们去她家。) 3. Being outgoing helps you make more friends in a new environment.(性格外向有助于你在新环境中交到更多朋友。) 54. uncomfortable adj.使人不舒服的,令人不舒适的(可描述“物品、环境”让人不舒服,也可描述“感觉、氛围”让人不自在;否定式“comfortable”(舒适的)) 【用法释义】 修饰物品/环境:“uncomfortable chair”(不舒服的椅子)、“uncomfortable weather”(令人不适的天气); 修饰感觉/氛围:“uncomfortable silence”(尴尬的沉默)、“feel uncomfortable”(感到不舒服/不自在)。 【常用搭配】 uncomfortable chair/bed 不舒服的椅子/床 feel uncomfortable 感到不舒服/不自在 uncomfortable atmosphere 令人不自在的氛围 【用法举例】 1. This chair is very uncomfortable; I can't sit on it for long.(这把椅子很不舒服,我不能长时间坐在上面。) 2. She felt uncomfortable when everyone looked at her.(当所有人都看着她时,她感到很不自在。) 3. The hot and humid weather makes me feel uncomfortable.(又热又潮湿的天气让我感到不舒服。) 55. good-looking adj.漂亮的,好看的(用于描述人“外貌好看”,可形容男性或女性,语气比“beautiful”(美丽的,多形容女性)、“handsome”(英俊的,多形容男性)更口语化) 【用法释义】 可作表语(“sb. be good-looking”(某人好看))或定语(“a good-looking man/woman”(好看的男人/女人)); 不用于修饰事物,仅用于描述人的外貌。 【常用搭配】 good-looking person 好看的人 a good-looking couple 一对好看的情侣 【用法举例】 1. Her brother is very good-looking; many girls like him.(她的哥哥很好看,很多女孩喜欢他。) 2. The new teacher is young and good-looking, so the students like her.(新老师年轻又好看,所以学生们都喜欢她。) 3. People often say that he and his wife are a good-looking couple.(人们常说他和他妻子是一对好看的情侣。) 56. image n.形象,印象;画像,雕像,塑像(可数名词,可指“人的公众形象”“事物的印象”,也可指“具体的画像、图像”) 【用法释义】 表“形象、印象”:“one's image”(某人的形象)、“the image of sth.”(某物的印象)、“improve one's image”(改善形象); 表“画像、图像”:“a family image”(全家福画像)、“digital image”(数字图像)。 【常用搭配】 public image 公众形象 improve one's image 改善某人的形象 digital image 数字图像 the image of a hero 英雄的形象 【用法举例】 1. The actor works hard to maintain a positive public image.(这位演员努力维持积极的公众形象。) 2. This photo gives people a good image of the small town.(这张照片给人留下了这个小镇的美好印象。) 3. She hung a family image on the wall of her living room.(她在客厅的墙上挂了一幅全家福画像。) 57. make-up n.化妆品(不可数名词,泛指“口红、粉底、眼影”等用于修饰面部的产品;也可指“补考、化妆”,但较少见,日常主要指“化妆品”) 【用法释义】 常用“put on make-up”(化妆)、“wear make-up”(化妆,强调状态)、“remove make-up”(卸妆); 可搭配“different kinds of make-up”(不同种类的化妆品)。 【常用搭配】 put on make-up 化妆 wear make-up 化妆(状态) remove make-up 卸妆 different kinds of make-up 不同种类的化妆品 【用法举例】 1. She spends ten minutes putting on make-up every morning.(她每天早上花十分钟化妆。) 2. My mother doesn't like to wear make-up; she prefers a natural look.(我妈妈不喜欢化妆,她更喜欢自然的样子。) 3. You should remove your make-up before going to bed to protect your skin.(睡前你应该卸妆,以保护皮肤。) 58. perfect adj.完备的,完美的;极好的(表示“没有缺点、理想的”,程度极高,无比较级和最高级;也可用于口语中表示“极好的”) 【用法释义】 可作表语(“sth. be perfect”(某物完美))或定语(“a perfect day”(完美的一天)); 常用搭配“be perfect for sth.”(非常适合某事)、“perfect weather”(极好的天气)。 【常用搭配】 perfect day/weather 完美的一天/极好的天气 be perfect for sth. 非常适合某事 perfect plan 完美的计划 【用法举例】 1. The weather today is perfect for a picnic in the park.(今天的天气非常适合去公园野餐。) 2. She did a perfect job in the project; everyone praised her.(她在这个项目中做得很完美,所有人都表扬了她。) 3. We had a perfect holiday by the sea last summer.(去年夏天我们在海边度过了一个完美的假期。) 59. notice vt.&vi.&n.vt.&vi. 意识到;注意到(强调“无意中发现或注意到”,可接名词、代词或从句) n. 通知,布告;注意(可数名词,“通知”常用“a notice”,“注意”常用“take notice of”) 【用法释义】 动词:“notice sb./sth.”(注意到某人/某物)、“notice sb. doing sth.”(注意到某人正在做某事)、“notice that...”(意识到……); 名词:“put up a notice”(张贴通知)、“take notice of”(注意到……)。 【常用搭配】 notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 notice that... 意识到…… put up a notice 张贴通知 take notice of 注意到…… 【用法举例】 1. I noticed a strange man standing outside our house this morning.(今天早上我注意到一个陌生男人站在我们家外面。) 2. She didn't notice that her bag was open until she got on the bus.(直到上了公交车,她才意识到自己的包是开着的。) 3. The teacher put up a notice about the exam on the classroom wall.(老师在教室墙上张贴了关于考试的通知。) 60. as well as除……之外,也,还(为连词短语,连接两个并列成分,强调前者;语法上“as well as”连接主语时,谓语动词与前者保持一致) 【用法释义】 连接名词/代词:“A as well as B”(A和B一样,除了B之外还有A),如“Tom as well as his friends”(汤姆和他的朋友一样); 连接动词:“as well as + doing sth.”(除了做某事之外还……),如“she sings as well as dancing”(她会唱歌,也会跳舞)。 【常用搭配】 A as well as B A和B一样;除B之外还有A as well as doing sth. 除了做某事之外还…… not only...but also... 不仅……而且……(与as well as近义,但强调后者) 【用法举例】 1. He can speak English as well as French.(他会说英语,也会说法语。) 2. She is good at painting as well as playing the piano.(她擅长画画,也擅长弹钢琴。) 3. Tom as well as his parents is going to visit the museum this weekend.(汤姆和他的父母这周末要去参观博物馆。) 61. essay n.文章,短文(可数名词,多指“学术性短文、散文”,如课程作业中的议论文、说明文,也可指文学性的散文) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“write an essay”(写一篇短文)、“an essay on sth.”(关于某主题的短文),如“an essay on environmental protection”(一篇关于环境保护的短文); 可用于描述学校作业或正式的书面文章,区别于“article”(更侧重报刊、杂志上的文章)。 【常用搭配】 write an essay 写一篇短文 an essay on sth. 关于某主题的短文 academic essay 学术短文 【用法举例】 1. The teacher asked us to write an essay about our summer vacation.(老师让我们写一篇关于暑假的短文。) 2. She spent three days finishing the academic essay for her history class.(她花了三天时间完成历史课的学术短文。) 3. This essay on family values is very touching and thought-provoking.(这篇关于家庭价值观的文章非常感人且引人深思。) 62. positive adj.积极乐观的,正面的;肯定的,阳性的(可描述“态度、情绪”积极,“评价、影响”正面,也可用于科学或医学领域表示“肯定的、阳性的”) 【用法释义】 表“积极乐观的”:“positive attitude”(积极的态度)、“positive thinking”(积极思考); 表“正面的”:“positive influence”(正面影响)、“positive feedback”(正面反馈); 表“肯定的、阳性的”:“positive answer”(肯定的答案)、“positive test result”(阳性检测结果)(医学/科学语境)。 【常用搭配】 positive attitude 积极的态度 positive influence 正面影响 positive feedback 正面反馈 positive thinking 积极思考 【用法举例】 1. She always has a positive attitude towards life, even when facing difficulties.(即使面对困难,她对生活也总是抱着积极的态度。) 2. The new policy has had a positive influence on the local economy.(这项新政策对当地经济产生了正面影响。) 3. The teacher gave her positive feedback on her oral presentation.(老师对她的口头展示给予了正面反馈。) 63. negative adj.消极的,负面的;否定的,阴性的(与“positive”相反,可描述“态度、情绪”消极,“评价、影响”负面,也可用于科学或医学领域表示“否定的、阴性的”) 【用法释义】 表“消极的、负面的”:“negative mood”(消极情绪)、“negative effect”(负面影响); 表“否定的、阴性的”:“negative reply”(否定的答复)、“negative test result”(阴性检测结果)(医学/科学语境); 可作定语或表语,常用搭配“be negative about sth.”(对某事持消极态度)。 【常用搭配】 negative mood 消极情绪 negative effect 负面影响 be negative about sth. 对某事持消极态度 negative reply 否定的答复 【用法举例】 1. Don't be so negative about everything; try to see the good side.(别对所有事情都这么消极,试着看到好的一面。) 2. Too much screen time may have a negative effect on children's eyesight.(长时间看屏幕可能对儿童视力产生负面影响。) 3. He gave a negative reply to the invitation because he was too busy.(他因为太忙,对邀请给出了否定的答复。) 64. refuse vt.&vi.拒绝,回绝(强调“明确、坚决地拒绝”,可接名词、代词或不定式,不可接动名词) 【用法释义】 及物动词:“refuse sth.”(拒绝某物),如“refuse an invitation”(拒绝邀请);“refuse to do sth.”(拒绝做某事),为最常用搭配; 不及物动词:较少单独使用,多与介词“to”搭配(即“refuse to do sth.”),不接“sb.”作宾语(若表达“拒绝某人”,需用“refuse sb.'s request/invitation”等)。 【常用搭配】 refuse an invitation 拒绝邀请 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 refuse sb.'s request 拒绝某人的请求 【用法举例】 1. She had to refuse the dinner invitation because she had to work overtime.(她因为要加班,不得不拒绝晚餐邀请。) 2. He refused to tell me where he had been last night.(他拒绝告诉我昨晚去了哪里。) 3. The company refused his request for a salary increase.(公司拒绝了他加薪的请求。) 65. although conj.虽然,尽管,即使(引导让步状语从句,强调“转折关系”,从句内容与主句内容相反或对比) 【用法释义】 引导的从句可放在句首或句中,放在句首时,从句后常用逗号与主句隔开; 注意:“although”不可与“but”同时使用(主句前不可加“but”),但可与“yet”“still”连用(如Although it rained, yet we went out.); 区别于“though”:“though”语气更弱,可用于句末(如It was raining, though.),“although”不可。 【常用搭配】 Although + 从句, 主句. 虽然……,但是……(主句前不加but) Although it is... 尽管……(如Although it is small, the room is clean.) 【用法举例】 1. Although he is young, he has a lot of work experience.(虽然他年轻,但他有丰富的工作经验。) 2. She went to school although she had a cold.(尽管她感冒了,还是去上学了。) 3. Although the task is difficult, we will try our best to finish it.(虽然这项任务很难,我们还是会尽力完成。) 66. not...any more再也不,不再(表示“过去的动作或状态在现在停止,不再发生”,常用于否定句,可位于句末,也可将“any more”拆开(“not any more”)或写成“no more”(用法略有不同,“no more”多修饰名词或放在动词后)) 【用法释义】 结构:“主语 + do/does/did not + 动词原形 + any more”(现在时/过去时否定); 区别于“not...any longer”:两者含义基本相同,“not...any more”更侧重“动作次数不再增加”,“not...any longer”更侧重“动作持续时间不再延长”,日常使用中可互换。 【常用搭配】 not do sth. any more 再也不做某事 He doesn't play games any more. 他再也不玩游戏了。 They didn't talk to each other any more. 他们再也不互相说话了。 【用法举例】 1. She doesn't eat fast food any more because she wants to keep healthy.(她再也不吃快餐了,因为她想保持健康。) 2. He didn't live in this city any more after his family moved away.(家人搬走后,他就不再住在这座城市了。) 3. My little brother doesn't cry when he sees strangers any more.(我弟弟看到陌生人时再也不哭了。) 67. overreact vi.反应过激,反应过火(指“对某事的反应超出合理范围,过于强烈”,不及物动词,常与介词“to”搭配) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“overreact to sth.”(对某事反应过激),主语多为人,宾语多为“news、comments、problems”等引发反应的事物; 可用于日常口语或书面语,描述情绪或行为上的过度反应。 【常用搭配】 overreact to sth. 对某事反应过激 overreact to a small problem 对小问题反应过火 overreact to bad news 对坏消息反应过激 【用法举例】 1. Don't overreact to his comments; he didn't mean to hurt you.(别对他的评论反应过激,他不是故意要伤害你。) 2. She overreacted to the small mistake and started crying.(她对这个小错误反应过火,哭了起来。) 3. He tends to overreact to bad news, which makes his family worried.(他对坏消息总是反应过激,这让家人很担心。) 68. project n.项目;专题研究(可数名词,可指“工作或学习中的具体项目”,也可指学生的“专题研究作业”) 【用法释义】 表“项目”:“work project”(工作项目)、“construction project”(建筑项目)、“complete a project”(完成一个项目); 表“专题研究”:“school project”(学校专题作业)、“science project”(科学专题研究),常见于学生语境。 【常用搭配】 work project 工作项目 school project 学校专题作业 complete a project 完成一个项目 start a new project 启动一个新项目 【用法举例】 1. Our team spent three months working on this new project.(我们团队花了三个月时间做这个新项目。) 2. The teacher asked each student to do a school project about local history.(老师让每个学生做一个关于当地历史的学校专题作业。) 3. They will start a construction project to build a new hospital next year.(他们明年将启动一个建造新医院的建筑项目。) 69. in the end最后,终于;到头来,最终(表示“经过一段时间或一系列事件后,最终出现的结果”,可位于句首、句中或句末,作时间状语,区别于“at the end”(“at the end of + 名词”,表示“在……的末尾”,如at the end of the month)) 【用法释义】 不接介词,直接作状语,强调“结果”,可与“finally”“eventually”互换; 常用于讲述故事、描述过程或总结结果,语气比“finally”更口语化。 【常用搭配】 in the end, + 句子 最后,终于…… He tried many times, and in the end he succeeded. 他尝试了很多次,最后终于成功了。 In the end, we decided to stay at home. 最后,我们决定待在家里。 【用法举例】 1. They argued for a long time, but in the end they reached an agreement.(他们争论了很久,但最后达成了一致。) 2. In the end, she chose to study medicine at university.(最后,她选择在大学里学医。) 3. He made many mistakes, and in the end he lost his job.(他犯了很多错,到头来丢了工作。) 70. whenever conj.在任何……的时候,无论何时(引导时间状语从句,强调“无论何时发生某事,另一事都会发生”,相当于“no matter when”) 【用法释义】 引导的从句可放在句首或句中,从句用一般现在时表示将来(即“主将从现”),如“Whenever he comes, I will welcome him.”; 可接“whenever + 主语 + 动词”,也可接“whenever possible”(只要有可能,省略了“it is”)。 【常用搭配】 whenever + 从句 无论何时……(主将从现) whenever possible 只要有可能 Whenever you need help, call me. 无论你何时需要帮助,都可以打电话给我。 【用法举例】 1. Whenever I feel lonely, I call my best friend.(每当我感到孤独时,我就给最好的朋友打电话。) 2. You can ask me for advice whenever you have problems.(无论你何时有问题,都可以向我征求建议。) 3. Whenever possible, she walks to work to keep fit.(只要有可能,她就步行上班以保持健康。) 71. express vt.表示,表达,表露(强调“用语言、动作或表情传达思想、情感或观点”,及物动词,可接名词、代词或从句) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“express sth.”(表达某物),如“express feelings”(表达情感)、“express opinions”(表达观点); 可接“express sth. to sb.”(向某人表达某物),如“express thanks to sb.”(向某人表达感谢); 区别于“show”:“express”更侧重“主动、明确地传达”,“show”更侧重“通过行为或事实显示”。 【常用搭配】 express feelings/emotions 表达情感 express opinions/views 表达观点 express thanks to sb. 向某人表达感谢 express that... 表达……(如express that he was happy表达他很高兴) 【用法举例】 1. She used a poem to express her love for her hometown.(她用一首诗表达对家乡的热爱。) 2. He expressed his opinions clearly during the meeting.(他在会议上清晰地表达了自己的观点。) 3. We should express our thanks to those who help us.(我们应该向帮助过我们的人表达感谢。) 72. apology n.道歉,致歉(可数名词,指“为自己的错误或不当行为表示歉意”,常用搭配与“make”“accept”“refuse”等动词连用) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“make an apology to sb.”(向某人道歉)、“accept an apology”(接受道歉)、“refuse an apology”(拒绝道歉); 可用于“owe sb. an apology”(应该向某人道歉),表示“有义务道歉”。 【常用搭配】 make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉 accept an apology 接受道歉 owe sb. an apology 应该向某人道歉 make an apology for sth. 为某事道歉 【用法举例】 1. You should make an apology to her for being late.(你应该为迟到向她道歉。) 2. She accepted his apology and they became friends again.(她接受了他的道歉,他们又成了朋友。) 3. He realized he was wrong and owed his teacher an apology.(他意识到自己错了,应该向老师道歉。) 73. mistake n.错误,失误(可数名词,指“因疏忽、无知或判断失误而犯的错误”,可指行为、语言或思想上的错误) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“make a mistake”(犯错误)、“correct a mistake”(纠正错误)、“learn from mistakes”(从错误中学习); 可用于“by mistake”(错误地,无意中),作状语,如“I took her bag by mistake.”(我误拿了她的包。)。 【常用搭配】 make a mistake 犯错误 correct a mistake 纠正错误 learn from mistakes 从错误中学习 by mistake 错误地,无意中 【用法举例】 1. Everyone makes mistakes; the important thing is to learn from them.(每个人都会犯错误,重要的是从中学习。) 2. She found and corrected a mistake in her homework before handing it in.(交作业前,她发现并纠正了作业中的一个错误。) 3. I poured salt into the coffee by mistake; it tasted terrible.(我不小心把盐倒进了咖啡里,味道糟透了。) 74. performance n.表演,演出;表现,业绩(可数名词,可指“音乐、戏剧等的公开表演”,也可指“人或事物在工作、学习中的表现”) 【用法释义】 表“表演,演出”:“music performance”(音乐表演)、“stage performance”(舞台演出)、“watch a performance”(观看表演); 表“表现,业绩”:“academic performance”(学业表现)、“work performance”(工作业绩)、“improve performance”(提高表现)。 【常用搭配】 music performance 音乐表演 academic performance 学业表现 watch a performance 观看表演 improve one's performance 提高某人的表现 【用法举例】 1. We went to the theater to watch a dance performance last night.(昨晚我们去剧院看了一场舞蹈表演。) 2. His academic performance has improved a lot since he started studying hard.(自从开始努力学习,他的学业表现进步了很多。) 3. The company praised her for her excellent work performance this year.(公司因她今年出色的工作业绩表扬了她。) 75. mess n.麻烦,困境,混乱;肮脏,杂乱,不整洁(不可数名词,可指“环境或事物的杂乱”,也可指“令人棘手的困境”) 【用法释义】 表“肮脏,杂乱”:“in a mess”(乱七八糟,杂乱不堪)、“clean up the mess”(收拾残局,清理杂乱); 表“麻烦,困境”:“get into a mess”(陷入困境)、“get sb. out of a mess”(帮某人摆脱困境); 可用于日常口语,语气较随意。 【常用搭配】 in a mess 乱七八糟,杂乱不堪 clean up the mess 收拾残局,清理杂乱 get into a mess 陷入困境 get sb. out of a mess 帮某人摆脱困境 【用法举例】 1. Her room is always in a mess; clothes are everywhere.(她的房间总是乱七八糟,衣服到处都是。) 2. He spilled coffee on the desk and had to clean up the mess.(他把咖啡洒在了桌子上,不得不清理残局。) 3. He got into a mess because he forgot to pay the bills on time.(他因为忘记按时付账单,陷入了困境。) 76. tonight adv.&n.adv. 在今夜,在今晚(作时间状语,可位于句首、句中或句末,如“Tonight we will have dinner together.”) n. 今夜,今晚(可数名词,常用“tonight”(不加冠词),如“What are your plans for tonight?”) 【用法释义】 副词:直接修饰动词,无需介词,如“We will meet tonight.”(我们今晚见面。); 名词:常与介词“for”搭配(“plans for tonight”),或作主语(“Tonight will be busy.”); 区别于“this evening”:两者含义相近,“tonight”更侧重“深夜”,“this evening”更侧重“傍晚”,日常可互换。 【常用搭配】 tonight's meeting 今晚的会议 plans for tonight 今晚的计划 go out tonight 今晚出去 What are you doing tonight? 你今晚要做什么? 【用法举例】 1. We are going to watch a movie tonight.(我们今晚要去看电影。) 2. What are your plans for tonight? Do you want to have dinner with me?(你今晚有什么计划?想和我一起吃晚饭吗?) 3. Tonight's meeting will be about the new project.(今晚的会议将围绕新项目展开。) 77. ruin vt.毁坏;破坏(及物动词,强调“彻底破坏,使某物失去价值或功能”,可指实物的“毁坏”,也可指抽象事物的“破坏”(如计划、关系)) 【用法释义】 可接实物宾语:“ruin a building”(毁坏一座建筑)、“ruin clothes”(毁坏衣服); 可接抽象宾语:“ruin a plan”(破坏计划)、“ruin a relationship”(破坏关系); 区别于“damage”:“ruin”强调“彻底毁坏,无法修复”,“damage”强调“部分损坏,可修复”。 【常用搭配】 ruin a building/house 毁坏建筑/房子 ruin a plan/project 破坏计划/项目 ruin one's reputation 毁坏某人的名声 ruin a friendship/relationship 破坏友谊/关系 【用法举例】 1. The heavy rain ruined the crops in the field.(大雨毁坏了田里的庄稼。) 2. His carelessness ruined our plan to go hiking this weekend.(他的粗心大意破坏了我们这周末去徒步旅行的计划。) 3. Spreading rumors about others will ruin your own reputation.(散布别人的谣言会毁坏你自己的名声。) 78. comfort n.&vt.n. 安慰,慰藉;舒服,安逸(不可数名词,“安慰”常用“give comfort to sb.”(给某人安慰),“舒服”常用“in comfort”(舒适地)) vt. 安慰;抚慰(及物动词,“comfort sb.”(安慰某人),强调“缓解他人的痛苦或悲伤”) 【用法释义】 名词:“seek comfort”(寻求安慰)、“physical comfort”(身体上的舒适); 动词:“comfort sb. for sth.”(因某事安慰某人),如“comfort her for her loss”(因她的损失安慰她); 区别于“console”:“comfort”较口语化,“console”更正式,含义相近。 【常用搭配】 give comfort to sb. 给某人安慰 in comfort 舒适地 comfort sb. 安慰某人 seek comfort from sb. 从某人那里寻求安慰 【用法举例】 1. Her mother's words gave her great comfort when she was sad.(她难过时,妈妈的话给了她很大的安慰。) 2. We traveled in comfort by taking the first-class train.(我们坐一等座火车,舒适地旅行。) 3. He stayed with his friend to comfort him after his pet died.(朋友的宠物死后,他留下来安慰朋友。) 79. let sb down使失望(动词短语,指“未能满足某人的期望,让某人感到失望”,不可分开使用,代词“sb.”需放在“let”和“down”之间,如“let him down”) 【用法释义】 结构:“let + sb. + down”,主语多为人,“sb.”可为名词或代词(代词放中间); 常用语境:“承诺未兑现、表现不佳”等导致他人失望,如“He let us down by not coming.”(他没来,让我们失望了。)。 【常用搭配】 let sb. down 使某人失望 never let sb. down 从不使某人失望 don't let me down 别让我失望 【用法举例】 1. I hope I won't let my parents down in the final exam.(我希望在期末考试中不会让父母失望。) 2. He promised to help me, but he let me down at the last minute.(他答应帮我,却在最后一刻让我失望了。) 3. She is a reliable friend who never lets anyone down.(她是个可靠的朋友,从不让任何人失望。) 80. fault n.责任,过错,过失;缺点,毛病(可数名词,可指“因个人失误导致错误的责任”,也可指“人或事物的缺点”) 【用法释义】 表“责任,过错”:“it's one's fault”(是某人的错)、“find fault with sb.”(挑某人的错,指责某人); 表“缺点,毛病”:“a fault in sth.”(某物的缺点),如“a fault in the machine”(机器的毛病); 区别于“mistake”:“fault”更侧重“责任或固有的缺点”,“mistake”更侧重“偶然的错误行为”。 【常用搭配】 it's one's fault 是某人的错 find fault with sb. 挑某人的错,指责某人 a fault in sth. 某物的缺点/毛病 admit one's fault 承认自己的过错 【用法举例】 1. It's not your fault; the accident happened because of bad weather.(不是你的错,事故是因为恶劣天气发生的。) 2. She is always finding fault with her colleagues, which makes everyone unhappy.(她总是挑同事的错,这让所有人都不高兴。) 3. The engineer found a fault in the machine and fixed it immediately.(工程师发现了机器的一个毛病,立刻修好了。) 81. singer n.唱歌的人,歌唱家,歌手(可数名词,指“以唱歌为职业或爱好的人”,由动词“sing”(唱歌)加后缀“-er”构成) 【用法释义】 可直接作主语或宾语,常用搭配“a famous singer”(著名歌手)、“pop singer”(流行歌手)、“folk singer”(民谣歌手); 可用于描述职业或身份,如“What does she do? She is a singer.”(她是做什么的?她是一名歌手。)。 【常用搭配】 pop singer 流行歌手 famous singer 著名歌手 become a singer 成为一名歌手 listen to a singer 听歌手唱歌 【用法举例】 1. My favorite singer will hold a concert in our city next month.(我最喜欢的歌手下个月将在我们城市举办演唱会。) 2. She has dreamed of becoming a singer since she was a child.(她从小就梦想成为一名歌手。) 3. The young singer won first prize in the national singing competition.(这位年轻歌手在全国歌唱比赛中获得了一等奖。) 82. pressure n.心理压力;压力,压强(不可数名词,可指“人因工作、学习等产生的心理压力”,也可指“物理上的压力、压强”) 【用法释义】 表“心理压力”:“under pressure”(承受压力)、“work/study pressure”(工作/学习压力)、“put pressure on sb.”(给某人施加压力); 表“物理压力”:“air pressure”(气压)、“water pressure”(水压)(科学语境); 日常语境中多表示“心理压力”。 【常用搭配】 under pressure 承受压力 work/study pressure 工作/学习压力 put pressure on sb. 给某人施加压力 reduce pressure 减轻压力 【用法举例】 1. Many students feel under great study pressure before exams.(很多学生在考试前感到巨大的学习压力。) 2. The boss put a lot of pressure on his employees to finish the project on time.(老板给员工施加了很大压力,要求他们按时完成项目。) 3. Doing exercise regularly can help reduce pressure in daily life.(定期锻炼有助于减轻日常生活中的压力。) 83. make sth up补上,作出补偿;编造,虚构(动词短语,含义需根据语境判断,“up”为副词,代词“sth.”需放在“make”和“up”之间) 【用法释义】 表“补上,作出补偿”:“make up the time”(补回时间)、“make up for sth.”(弥补某事),如“make up for a mistake”(弥补错误); 表“编造,虚构”:“make up a story”(编故事)、“make up an excuse”(编借口); 注意:表“弥补”时常用“make up for sth.”,表“编造”时直接用“make up sth.”。 【常用搭配】 make up for sth. 弥补某事 make up a story/excuse 编故事/借口 make up the time 补回时间 make up for a mistake 弥补错误 【用法举例】 1. She will work extra hours to make up for the time she missed yesterday.(她会加班补回昨天错过的时间。) 2. He made up an excuse for being late, but no one believed him.(他为迟到编了个借口,但没人相信他。) 3. You should apologize and make up for your mistake to her.(你应该向她道歉并弥补你的错误。) 84. promise vt.&vi.&n.vt.&vi. 许诺,承诺,保证(“promise to do sth.”(承诺做某事)、“promise sb. sth.”(向某人承诺某物)) n. 诺言,许诺,承诺(可数名词,“keep a promise”(遵守诺言)、“break a promise”(违背诺言)) 【用法释义】 动词:“promise sb. to do sth.”(向某人承诺做某事)、“promise that...”(承诺……); 名词:“make a promise”(许下诺言)、“a promise to do sth.”(做某事的承诺); 常用语境:“承诺做或不做某事”,强调“对他人的保证”。 【常用搭配】 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 keep a promise 遵守诺言 break a promise 违背诺言 make a promise 许下诺言 【用法举例】 1. He promised to help me with my homework after school.(他承诺放学后帮我辅导作业。) 2. She made a promise to visit her grandparents every weekend.(她许下诺言,每个周末都去看望祖父母。) 3. If you make a promise, you should keep it; don't break it.(如果你许下诺言,就应该遵守,不要违背。) 85. unkind adj.不友善的,不亲切的,不客气的,刻薄的(形容词,与“kind”(友善的)相反,可描述“言语、行为”不友善,或“人”性格刻薄) 【用法释义】 可作表语(“sb. be unkind”(某人不友善))或定语(“unkind words”(刻薄的话)); 常用搭配“be unkind to sb.”(对某人不友善),如“be unkind to animals”(对动物不友善)。 【常用搭配】 be unkind to sb. 对某人不友善 unkind words 刻薄的话 unkind behavior 不友善的行为 don't be unkind to others 不要对别人不友善 【用法举例】 1. It's unkind of you to say such things about her.(你说她这样的话,真是太刻薄了。) 2. He was unkind to his classmates when he was angry, which made him unpopular.(他生气时对同学不友善,这让他不受欢迎。) 3. Don't listen to his unkind words; he is just in a bad mood.(别听他刻薄的话,他只是心情不好。) 86. exam n.考试(可数名词,为“examination”的缩写,更口语化,常用于日常语境,如学校的期中、期末考试) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“take an exam”(参加考试)、“pass/fail an exam”(通过/未通过考试)、“final exam”(期末考试)、“math exam”(数学考试); 区别于“test”:“exam”更正式,多指“重要的、大规模的考试”(如期末考试、升学考试),“test”更侧重“小测验、单元测试”。 【常用搭配】 take an exam 参加考试 pass/fail an exam 通过/未通过考试 final exam 期末考试 prepare for an exam 准备考试 【用法举例】 1. We will take the final exam next week, so we are busy preparing for it.(我们下周要参加期末考试,所以正在忙着准备。) 2. She failed the English exam last time, so she is studying harder now.(她上次英语考试没通过,所以现在学习更努力了。) 3. He spent two weeks preparing for the math exam and finally passed it.(他花了两周时间准备数学考试,最后通过了。) 87. stressful adj.压力重的,紧张的(形容词,用于描述“事情、环境”使人感到压力大,区别于“stressed”(形容词,指“人感到有压力的”)) 【用法释义】 修饰事物或环境:“stressful job”(压力大的工作)、“stressful situation”(紧张的局面)、“stressful life”(充满压力的生活); 不可修饰人(修饰人用“stressed”,如“a stressed person”(感到有压力的人)); 由名词“stress”(压力)加后缀“-ful”构成。 【常用搭配】 stressful job 压力大的工作 stressful situation 紧张的局面 stressful life 充满压力的生活 a stressful day 充满压力的一天 【用法举例】 1. Working in a hospital can be very stressful, especially for doctors and nurses.(在医院工作可能压力很大,尤其是对医生和护士来说。) 2. The days before the exam are always stressful for students.(考试前的日子对学生来说总是很紧张。) 3. She quit her stressful job because it was bad for her health.(她辞掉了那份压力大的工作,因为它对健康不利。) 88. mean vt.打算,意欲;有……含义;意思是(及物动词,含义需根据语境判断,常见三种含义:“打算做某事”“单词/句子的含义”“某人的行为意味着……”) 【用法释义】 表“打算,意欲”:“mean to do sth.”(打算做某事)、“mean sb. to do sth.”(打算让某人做某事); 表“有……含义,意思是”:“mean sth.”(……意思是)、“What does...mean?”(……是什么意思?); 表“意味着”:“mean doing sth.”(意味着做某事),如“Success means working hard.”(成功意味着努力工作。)。 【常用搭配】 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 What does sth. mean? ……是什么意思? mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 didn't mean to do sth. 没打算做某事(无意做某事) 【用法举例】 1. I mean to finish reading this book by the end of this week.(我打算在本周末前读完这本书。) 2. What does this English word mean? Can you explain it to me?(这个英语单词是什么意思?你能给我解释一下吗?) 3. Missing this train means waiting for another two hours.(错过这趟火车意味着要再等两个小时。) 89. forgive vt.&vi.原谅,宽恕(指“不再因他人的错误或伤害而生气,放下怨恨”,及物动词可接“sb.”或“sth.”,不及物动词常用“forgive and forget”(既往不咎)) 【用法释义】 常用搭配“forgive sb. for sth.”(因某事原谅某人)、“forgive sb. doing sth.”(原谅某人做某事); 过去式和过去分词为“forgave”和“forgiven”,如“I have forgiven him.”(我已经原谅他了。); 区别于“excuse”:“forgive”更侧重“内心放下怨恨”,“excuse”更侧重“为他人的小过失找理由”。 【常用搭配】 forgive sb. for sth. 因某事原谅某人 forgive and forget 既往不咎 can't forgive sb. 不能原谅某人 forgive sb. doing sth. 原谅某人做某事 【用法举例】 1. She finally forgave him for lying to her.(她最终原谅了他对她撒谎。) 2. It's not easy to forgive someone who has hurt you deeply.(原谅一个深深伤害过你的人并不容易。) 3. They decided to forgive and forget their past quarrels and become friends again.(他们决定既往不咎,忘记过去的争吵,重新成为朋友。) 90. fix vt.修理,校准,校正;固定,安装(及物动词,可指“修理损坏的物品”,也可指“固定某物的位置”或“校正错误、时间”) 【用法释义】 表“修理”:“fix a machine”(修理机器)、“fix a car”(修汽车)、“fix sth. for sb.”(为某人修理某物); 表“固定,安装”:“fix a picture on the wall”(把画固定在墙上)、“fix a date for the meeting”(确定会议日期); 表“校正”:“fix a mistake”(纠正错误)、“fix the clock”(校准时钟)。 【常用搭配】 fix a machine/car 修理机器/汽车 fix sth. on the wall 把某物固定在墙上 fix a date for sth. 为某事确定日期 fix a mistake 纠正错误 【用法举例】 1. My father will fix the broken TV this weekend.(我爸爸这周末会修理坏了的电视。) 2. She fixed a photo of her family on the wall above her desk.(她把全家福照片固定在书桌上方的墙上。) 3. We need to fix a date for the party before inviting guests.(我们需要先确定派对日期,再邀请客人。) 91. bottom n.&adj.n. (朝下的)底,底面,底部;末尾,尽头(可数名词,可指“物体的底部”(如杯子底、桌子底),也可指“顺序、位置的末尾”(如列表底部、队伍末尾)) adj. 底部的,尽头的(仅作定语,修饰名词,如“bottom drawer”(最下面的抽屉)、“bottom line”(底线)) 【用法释义】 名词:“the bottom of sth.”(某物的底部/末尾)、“at the bottom of...”(在……的底部)、“from top to bottom”(从上到下); 形容词:仅用于名词前,无比较级和最高级,如“bottom floor”(最底层)。 【常用搭配】 the bottom of sth. 某物的底部/末尾 at the bottom of... 在……的底部 from top to bottom 从上到下 bottom drawer 最下面的抽屉 【用法举例】 1. There is a small stone at the bottom of the cup.(杯子底部有一颗小石子。) 2. Write your name and address at the bottom of the form.(在表格的末尾写下你的姓名和地址。) 3. She cleaned the room from top to bottom before the guests arrived.(客人到来前,她把房间从上到下打扫了一遍。) 92. hate vt.&vi.极不喜欢,厌恶(强调“对某人或某事有强烈的负面情感,不愿接触或经历”,可接名词、代词或动名词,也可接不定式(“hate to do sth.”更侧重“具体某次不愿做的事”,“hate doing sth.”更侧重“习惯性厌恶”)) 【用法释义】 接名词/代词:“hate sb./sth.”(厌恶某人/某物),如“hate snakes”(怕蛇/厌恶蛇); 接动名词:“hate doing sth.”(习惯性厌恶做某事),如“I hate getting up early.”(我讨厌早起。); 接不定式:“hate to do sth.”(具体某次不愿做某事),如“I hate to tell you this, but you are wrong.”(我不愿告诉你这个,但你错了。)。 【常用搭配】 hate sb./sth. 厌恶某人/某物 hate doing sth. 习惯性厌恶做某事 hate to do sth. 具体某次不愿做某事 hate doing sth. = dislike doing sth.(程度更重) 【用法举例】 1. She hates spiders; she feels scared when she sees them.(她厌恶蜘蛛,看到蜘蛛就害怕。) 2. I hate waiting in long lines; it's a waste of time.(我讨厌排长队,太浪费时间了。) 3. I hate to interrupt you, but there's an urgent call for you.(我不愿打断你,但有你的紧急电话。) 93. strict adj.要求严格的,严厉的;严格的(可描述“人对他人或自己要求严格”,也可描述“规则、制度严格”) 【用法释义】 表“对人严格”:“be strict with sb.”(对某人严格),如“be strict with students”(对学生严格); 表“对事/规则严格”:“be strict about sth.”(对某事严格)、“be strict in sth.”(在某事上严格),如“be strict about rules”(对规则严格); 可作定语,如“strict teacher”(严格的老师)、“strict rules”(严格的规则)。 【常用搭配】 be strict with sb. 对某人严格 be strict about sth. 对某事严格 strict teacher/rules 严格的老师/规则 be strict in one's work 在工作上严格要求 【用法举例】 1. My mother is strict with me, but I know she loves me.(我妈妈对我很严格,但我知道她爱我。) 2. The school is strict about students' attendance; no one can be late.(学校对学生出勤要求严格,任何人都不能迟到。) 3. He is strict in his work and never makes careless mistakes.(他在工作上严格要求自己,从不犯粗心的错误。) 综合实战演练 一、单项选择 1.My little sister feels ______ because she has nothing to do at home. A. bored B. surprised C. worried D. upset 2.We were all ______ when we heard the news of his winning the competition. A. angry B. surprised C. strict D. uncomfortable 3.Lucy is ______ about her math test because she didn’t study hard for it. A. bored B. positive C. worried D. humorous 4.Tom and his brother often ______ about which TV show to watch. A. communicate B. argue C. solve D. express 5.I ______ a nice gift from my pen pal in Canada yesterday. A. received B. refused C. pretended D. noticed 6.There is ______ interesting in this book. I don’t want to read it anymore. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 7.I can’t ______ the loud noise from the next room. It’s driving me mad. A. stand B. control C. compare D. forgive 8.The long waiting time in the line really ______ me mad. A. makes B. drives C. lets D. gets 9.That ______ cat has no home. Let’s take it to the animal shelter. A. poor B. perfect C. good-looking D. outgoing 10.You should try to ______ your parents’ feelings when you make a decision. A. solve B. understand C. communicate D. comfort 11.We need to ______ this problem before it becomes more serious. A. shout B. control C. solve D. ruin 12.Don’t ______ at your classmates. It’s not polite to do so. A. shout B. argue C. compare D. promise 13.The teacher has to ______ the class well to make sure everyone listens. A. receive B. control C. pretend D. notice 14.His ______ made him say some bad words to his best friend. A. feeling B. emotion C. anger D. comfort 15.We should ______ with our parents more to avoid misunderstandings. A. communicate B. solve C. express D. apologize 16.Lily was ______ because she lost her favorite toy bear. A. bored B. upset C. sociable D. positive 17.Teenagers are more ______ than adults when they face big changes. A. physical B. emotional C. ordinary D. perfect 18.This is just an ______ day. Nothing special happened. A. ordinary B. rapid C. uncomfortable D. stressful 19.______ I was walking home, I met my old friend Mike. A. While B. As C. Whenever D. Although 20.We will have a math ______ next Monday. I need to study hard now. A. project B. performance C. exam D. test 21.You should ______ your dreams and never give up easily. A. hold on to B. make up C. let down D. fix up 22.He ______ to be sick so he didn’t have to go to school. A. refused B. pretended C. noticed D. hated 23.She is the most hard-working student ______ all the girls in our class. A. between B. among C. as well as D. except 24.Childhood is a happy ______ in everyone’s life. A. stage B. relationship C. image D. mess 25.He has a good ______ with his parents. They always talk about everything. A. personality B. appearance C. relationship D. brain 26.Let’s ______ this new phone with the old one to see which is better. A. compare B. harm C. succeed D. control 27.Smoking can ______ great harm to your health. A. make B. do C. cause D. take 28.If you work hard, you will ______ in passing the English exam. A. succeed B. probably C. refuse D. overreact 29.It will ______ rain this afternoon. You’d better take an umbrella. A. probably B. rapidly C. strictly D. perfectly 30.Her ______ is very friendly. She can make friends easily. A. appearance B. personality C. image D. make-up 31.My mother is a ______ person. She often tells funny jokes to us. A. sociable B. humorous C. outgoing D. strict 32.She looked at ______ in the mirror and smiled before going out. A. herself B. himself C. myself D. yourself 33.This chair is ______. I don’t want to sit on it anymore. A. comfortable B. uncomfortable C. perfect D. good-looking 34.He is good at playing basketball ______ swimming. A. as well as B. as C. although D. whenever 35.We should have a ______ attitude towards life, even when things go wrong. A. negative B. positive C. stressful D. unkind 36.She ______ to help me with my homework because she was too busy. A. received B. promised C. refused D. apologized 37.______ he is young, he knows a lot about history. A. Although B. While C. Whenever D. As 38.She ______ cries over small things anymore. She has become stronger. A. doesn’t B. isn’t C. won’t D. can’t 39.Don’t ______ when your friend makes a small mistake. A. overreact B. comfort C. forgive D. fix 40.______ you need help, you can call me at any time. A. Whenever B. Although C. As D. While 答案与解析: 1.答案:A 解析:题干关键信息 “has nothing to do(无事可做)”,结合语境可知 “妹妹” 应是 “感到无聊”。A 选项 “bored” 表示 “感到无聊的”,符合语境;B 选项 “surprised”(惊讶的)、C 选项 “worried”(担心的)、D 选项 “upset”(沮丧的)均与 “无事可做” 的情境不匹配。 2.答案:B 解析:题干 “heard the news of his winning the competition(听到他赢得比赛的消息)”,通常 “赢得比赛” 是意外或令人惊喜的事。B 选项 “surprised”(惊讶的、惊喜的)符合语境;A 选项 “angry”(生气的)、C 选项 “strict”(严格的)、D 选项 “uncomfortable”(不舒服的)均与 “赢得比赛” 的积极消息矛盾。 3.答案:C 解析:题干 “didn’t study hard for it(没有努力复习)”,结合 “math test(数学考试)” 可知,Lucy 应是 “担心考试”。C 选项 “worried”(担心的),“be worried about” 为固定搭配,符合语境;A 选项 “bored”(无聊的)、B 选项 “positive”(积极的)、D 选项 “humorous”(幽默的)均与 “没努力复习考试” 的情境不符。 4.答案:B 解析:题干 “which TV show to watch(看哪个电视节目)”,结合 “often” 可知,兄弟俩常因选节目 “争论”。B 选项 “argue”(争论),“argue about” 表示 “就…… 争论”,符合语境;A 选项 “communicate”(交流)、C 选项 “solve”(解决,后接问题而非 “关于…… 的争议”)、D 选项 “express”(表达,需搭配观点、情感等)均不符合 “选节目” 的冲突情境。 5.答案:A 解析:题干 “a nice gift from my pen pal(笔友寄来的精美礼物)” 和 “yesterday(昨天)”,结合语境应是 “收到礼物”。A 选项 “received”(收到),“receive sth from sb” 表示 “从某人处收到某物”,符合语境;B 选项 “refused”(拒绝)、C 选项 “pretended”(假装)、D 选项 “noticed”(注意到)均与 “笔友寄礼物” 的逻辑不符。 6.答案:C 解析:题干 “I don’t want to read it anymore(我不想再读了)”,说明书里 “没有有趣的内容”。C 选项 “nothing”(没有东西),“nothing interesting” 表示 “没什么有趣的”,符合语境;A 选项 “something”(某物,用于肯定句,且与 “不想读” 矛盾)、B 选项 “anything”(任何东西,用于否定 / 疑问句,但 “anything interesting” 表示 “任何有趣的”,与 “不想读” 逻辑不符)、D 选项 “everything”(一切,与 “不想读” 完全矛盾)。 7.答案:A 解析:题干 “the loud noise(噪音)” 和 “driving me mad(让我发疯)”,说明 “无法忍受噪音”。A 选项 “stand”(忍受,口语中常用 “can’t stand” 表示 “无法忍受”),符合语境;B 选项 “control”(控制,噪音是外界的,无法 “控制”)、C 选项 “compare”(比较,与噪音无关)、D 选项 “forgive”(原谅,对象通常是人或过错,不用于噪音)。 8.答案:B 解析:题干 “the long waiting time(长时间排队)” 和 “mad(发疯)”,考查固定搭配 “drive sb mad”(使某人发疯)。B 选项 “drives” 符合该搭配;A 选项 “makes” 需搭配 “make sb + adj”,即 “make me mad”,但题干中 “me” 前无 “sb” 的位置,结构不符;C 选项 “lets”(让,后接动词原形,不接 “sb + adj”)、D 选项 “gets”(使,常用 “get sb to do” 或 “get sb + adj”,但 “get me mad” 虽语法可行,“drive sb mad” 是更贴合 “排队让人烦躁” 的固定表达)。 9.答案:A 解析:题干 “has no home(没有家)”,说明这只猫 “可怜”。A 选项 “poor”(可怜的),符合语境;B 选项 “perfect”(完美的)、C 选项 “good-looking”(好看的)、D 选项 “outgoing”(外向的,用于形容人,不用于猫)均与 “无家可归” 的情境不符。 10.答案:B 解析:题干 “when you make a decision(做决定时)” 和 “parents’ feelings(父母的感受)”,结合语境应是 “理解父母的感受”。B 选项 “understand”(理解),符合逻辑;A 选项 “solve”(解决,后接问题,不接 “感受”)、C 选项 “communicate”(交流,需搭配 “with sb”,且 “交流感受” 与 “做决定时” 的语境不符)、D 选项 “comfort”(安慰,通常用于他人难过时,而非 “做决定时”)。 11.答案:C 解析:题干 “this problem(这个问题)” 和 “before it becomes more serious(在它变得更严重之前)”,结合语境应是 “解决问题”。C 选项 “solve”(解决),“solve the problem” 为固定搭配,符合语境;A 选项 “shout”(大喊,与问题无关)、B 选项 “control”(控制,“控制问题” 不如 “解决问题” 贴合 “防止变严重” 的逻辑)、D 选项 “ruin”(破坏,与 “防止变严重” 矛盾)。 12.答案:A 解析:题干 “it’s not polite(不礼貌)”,结合选项可知是 “不要对同学大喊”。A 选项 “shout”(大喊),“shout at sb” 表示 “对某人大喊”,符合 “不礼貌” 的描述;B 选项 “argue”(争论,“argue with sb” 表示 “与某人争论”,不接 “at”)、C 选项 “compare”(比较,“compare with sb” 表示 “与某人比较”,不接 “at”)、D 选项 “promise”(承诺,“promise sb sth”,不接 “at”,且与 “不礼貌” 无关)。 13.答案:B 解析:题干 “make sure everyone listens(确保每个人都认真听)”,结合 “the class(课堂)” 可知,老师需要 “管理好课堂”。B 选项 “control”(控制、管理),“control the class” 表示 “管理课堂”,符合语境;A 选项 “receive”(收到,与课堂管理无关)、C 选项 “pretend”(假装,与 “确保听课” 矛盾)、D 选项 “notice”(注意到,“注意课堂” 无法直接 “确保听课”)。 14.答案:C 解析:题干 “say some bad words to his best friend(对最好的朋友说难听的话)”,结合选项可知是 “愤怒” 导致的行为。C 选项 “anger”(愤怒,名词),符合 “说难听的话” 的情绪诱因;A 选项 “feeling”(感受,泛指各种感受,不具体)、B 选项 “emotion”(情感,泛指情绪,不如 “anger” 贴合 “说难听的话” 的负面行为)、D 选项 “comfort”(安慰,与 “说难听的话” 矛盾)。 15.答案:A 解析:题干 “avoid misunderstandings(避免误解)”,结合 “with our parents(和父母)” 可知,需要 “多交流”。A 选项 “communicate”(交流),“communicate with sb” 表示 “与某人交流”,是避免误解的常用方式,符合语境;B 选项 “solve”(解决,后接问题,不接 “with sb”)、C 选项 “express”(表达,需搭配 “观点、情感” 等具体内容,“express with sb” 搭配不当)、D 选项 “apologize”(道歉,用于犯错后,而非 “避免误解” 的常规方式)。 16.答案:B 解析:题干 “lost her favorite toy bear(丢了最喜欢的玩具熊)”,结合语境可知 Lily 应是 “沮丧的”。B 选项 “upset”(沮丧的、难过的),符合 “丢了心爱物品” 的情绪;A 选项 “bored”(无聊的)、C 选项 “sociable”(善于社交的)、D 选项 “positive”(积极的)均与 “丢玩具熊” 的负面情境不符。 17.答案:B 解析:题干 “when they face big changes(面对重大变化时)”,结合 “Teenagers(青少年)” 和 “adults(成年人)” 的对比,可知青少年更 “情绪化”。B 选项 “emotional”(情绪化的),符合青少年心理特点;A 选项 “physical”(身体的,与 “面对变化” 的心理反应无关)、C 选项 “ordinary”(普通的,无对比意义)、D 选项 “perfect”(完美的,与 “面对变化” 无关)。 18.答案:A 解析:题干 “Nothing special happened(没发生什么特别的事)”,说明这是 “平常的一天”。A 选项 “ordinary”(平常的、普通的),符合语境;B 选项 “rapid”(快速的,与 “没特别事” 无关)、C 选项 “uncomfortable”(不舒服的,“没特别事” 不代表 “不舒服”)、D 选项 “stressful”(有压力的,“没特别事” 不代表 “有压力”)。 19.答案:A 解析:题干 “was walking home(正在走路回家)” 和 “met my old friend(遇见老朋友)”,考查 “while” 和 “as” 引导时间状语从句的区别:“while” 后常接延续性动词的进行时,强调 “两个动作同时进行”;“as” 后可接延续性或短暂性动词,更侧重 “一边…… 一边……” 或 “当…… 时”(时间点)。此处 “walking” 是延续性动作,“遇见朋友” 是短暂动作,强调 “走路时(过程中)遇见”,A 选项 “While” 更贴合;B 选项 “As” 虽可引导,但 “while” 在 “延续性动作进行时” 的语境中更常用;C 选项 “Whenever”(无论何时,与 “昨天遇见” 的具体情境矛盾)、D 选项 “Although”(虽然,表转折,逻辑不符)。 20.答案:D 解析:题干 “need to study hard(需要努力学习)” 和 “math(数学)”,结合选项可知是 “数学测试”。D 选项 “test”(测试,侧重小范围、日常的测试,如课堂测试);C 选项 “exam”(考试,侧重大型、正式的考试,如期末考试),题干未强调 “正式大型”,“test” 更贴合 “需要努力学习” 的日常情境;A 选项 “project”(项目,与 “努力学习” 的目的不符)、B 选项 “performance”(表现、表演,与数学无关)。 21.答案:A 解析:题干 “never give up easily(不要轻易放弃)” 和 “dreams(梦想)”,结合语境应是 “坚持梦想”。A 选项 “hold on to”(坚持、坚守),符合 “不放弃梦想” 的逻辑;B 选项 “make up”(编造、组成,与梦想无关)、C 选项 “let down”(使失望,与 “不放弃” 矛盾)、D 选项 “fix up”(修理、安排,与梦想无关)。 22.答案:B 解析:题干 “so he didn’t have to go to school(所以不用去上学)”,结合 “to be sick(生病)” 可知,他是 “假装生病”。B 选项 “pretended”(假装),“pretend to be + 形容词” 表示 “假装……”,符合语境;A 选项 “refused”(拒绝,“refuse to be sick” 逻辑不通)、C 选项 “noticed”(注意到,“notice to be sick” 搭配不当)、D 选项 “hated”(讨厌,“hate to be sick” 表示 “讨厌生病”,与 “不用上学” 的结果矛盾)。 23.答案:B 解析:题干 “all the girls in our class(我们班所有女生)”,结合 “the most hard-working(最努力的)” 可知,范围是 “三者及以上”。B 选项 “among”(在…… 之中,用于三者及以上),符合语境;A 选项 “between”(在…… 之间,用于两者)、C 选项 “as well as”(也、和,表并列,不表范围)、D 选项 “except”(除了…… 之外,与 “最努力” 的比较逻辑不符)。 24.答案:A 解析:题干 “Childhood(童年)” 和 “in everyone’s life(在每个人的生命中)”,结合语境可知童年是生命中的一个 “阶段”。A 选项 “stage”(阶段),符合 “童年是生命阶段” 的逻辑;B 选项 “relationship”(关系,与童年无关)、C 选项 “image”(形象,童年不是 “形象”)、D 选项 “mess”(混乱,与 “happy(快乐的)” 矛盾)。 25.答案:C 解析:题干 “They always talk about everything(他们总是无话不谈)”,结合 “with his parents(和父母)” 可知,他和父母的 “关系好”。C 选项 “relationship”(关系),“have a good relationship with sb” 表示 “与某人关系好”,符合语境;A 选项 “personality”(性格,与 “和父母” 的互动无关)、B 选项 “appearance”(外貌,与 “无话不谈” 无关)、D 选项 “brain”(大脑,逻辑不符)。 26.答案:A 解析:题干 “this new phone with the old one(新手机和旧手机)” 和 “see which is better(看哪个更好)”,结合语境应是 “比较两者”。A 选项 “compare”(比较),“compare sth with sth” 表示 “将…… 与…… 比较”,符合语境;B 选项 “harm”(伤害,与 “比较好坏” 无关)、C 选项 “succeed”(成功,搭配 “in doing sth”,不接 “with”)、D 选项 “control”(控制,与 “比较好坏” 无关)。 27.答案:C 解析:题干 “Smoking(吸烟)” 和 “great harm to your health(对健康的巨大伤害)”,考查固定搭配 “cause harm to sb/sth”(对…… 造成伤害)。C 选项 “cause”(造成),符合搭配;A 选项 “make”(使,“make harm” 搭配不当)、B 选项 “do”(做,“do harm” 需搭配 “to”,即 “do harm to”,但 “cause harm to” 更侧重 “主动造成伤害”,吸烟是 “主动对健康造成伤害”,“cause” 更贴合)、D 选项 “take”(拿、取,“take harm” 搭配不当)。 28.答案:A 解析:题干 “If you work hard(如果你努力)” 和 “passing the English exam(通过英语考试)”,结合语境应是 “会成功通过考试”。A 选项 “succeed”(成功),“succeed in doing sth” 表示 “成功做某事”,符合语法和语境;B 选项 “probably”(可能,副词,题干缺少谓语动词,“probably” 无法作谓语)、C 选项 “refuse”(拒绝,与 “努力” 的前提矛盾)、D 选项 “overreact”(反应过度,与 “通过考试” 无关)。 29.答案:A 解析:题干 “You’d better take an umbrella(你最好带把伞)”,说明 “下午可能下雨”。A 选项 “probably”(可能,副词,修饰 “rain”,符合语境);B 选项 “rapidly”(快速地,“快速下雨” 与 “带伞” 的逻辑关联不强)、C 选项 “strictly”(严格地,与下雨无关)、D 选项 “perfectly”(完美地,“完美下雨” 语义不通)。 30.答案:B 解析:题干 “She can make friends easily(她很容易交到朋友)”,结合 “friendly(友好的)” 可知,这是她的 “性格” 特点。B 选项 “personality”(性格),符合 “友好、易交友” 的描述;A 选项 “appearance”(外貌,“外貌友好” 不直接导致 “易交友”)、C 选项 “image”(形象,侧重他人对她的印象,而非自身特点)、D 选项 “make-up”(化妆,与 “友好、易交友” 无关)。 31.答案:B 解析:题干 “She often tells funny jokes to us(她经常给我们讲有趣的笑话)”,说明妈妈是 “幽默的人”。B 选项 “humorous”(幽默的),符合语境;A 选项 “sociable”(善于社交的,“讲笑话” 不直接体现 “善于社交”)、C 选项 “outgoing”(外向的,“外向” 侧重开朗大方,与“讲笑话” 的核心特点不符)、D 选项 “strict”(严格的,与 “讲有趣笑话” 的轻松情境完全矛盾)。 32.答案:A 解析:题干主语是 “She”,且 “looked at...in the mirror(照镜子看……)”,结合语境可知是 “看她自己”。A 选项 “herself”(她自己,反身代词,对应主语 “She”),符合语法和情境;B 选项 “himself”(他自己,对应男性主语,与 “She” 矛盾)、C 选项 “myself”(我自己,对应主语 “I”,不符)、D 选项 “yourself”(你自己,对应主语 “you”,不符)。 33.答案:B 解析:题干 “I don’t want to sit on it anymore(我不想再坐它了)”,说明椅子 “不舒服”。B 选项 “uncomfortable”(不舒服的),符合语境;A 选项 “comfortable”(舒服的,与 “不想坐” 矛盾)、C 选项 “perfect”(完美的,与 “不想坐” 矛盾)、D 选项 “good-looking”(好看的,“好看” 不影响 “不想坐” 的感受,逻辑不符)。 34.答案:A 解析:题干 “is good at playing basketball(擅长打篮球)” 和 “swimming(游泳)”,结合语境可知是 “既擅长篮球也擅长游泳”。A 选项 “as well as”(也、和,用于连接两个并列的动作或事物),符合 “篮球和游泳” 的并列关系;B 选项 “as”(当…… 时 / 作为,无法连接两个并列技能)、C 选项 “although”(虽然,表转折,与 “擅长两项技能” 的并列逻辑不符)、D 选项 “whenever”(无论何时,表时间,与并列关系无关)。 35.答案:B 解析:题干 “even when things go wrong(即使事情不顺利时)”,结合语境可知应 “对生活保持积极态度”。B 选项 “positive”(积极的),“positive attitude” 表示 “积极态度”,符合 “面对不顺仍保持好心态” 的逻辑;A 选项 “negative”(消极的,与 “面对不顺” 的鼓励语境矛盾)、C 选项 “stressful”(有压力的,“有压力的态度” 语义不通)、D 选项 “unkind”(不友善的,“不友善的态度” 与 “面对生活” 的主题无关)。 36.答案:C 解析:题干 “because she was too busy(因为她太忙了)”,结合 “help me with my homework(帮我写作业)” 可知,她 “拒绝了帮忙”。C 选项 “refused”(拒绝),“refuse to do sth” 表示 “拒绝做某事”,符合语境;A 选项 “received”(收到,“收到帮忙” 搭配不当)、B 选项 “promised”(承诺,“承诺帮忙” 与 “太忙” 的结果矛盾)、D 选项 “apologized”(道歉,“道歉帮忙” 搭配不当,且 “道歉” 需搭配 “for sth”,不直接接 “to help”)。 37.答案:A 解析:题干 “he is young(他很年轻)” 和 “he knows a lot about history(他懂很多历史)”,前后句存在 “转折关系”(年轻却懂很多)。A 选项 “Although”(虽然,表转折,可置于句首引导让步状语从句),符合逻辑;B 选项 “While”(当…… 时 / 虽然,“While” 表转折时通常置于句中,且语气较弱,不如 “Although” 贴合 “年轻却懂多” 的明显转折)、C 选项 “Whenever”(无论何时,表时间,无转折意义)、D 选项 “As”(因为 / 当…… 时,表原因或时间,与转折逻辑不符)。 38.答案:A 解析:题干 “anymore(不再)” 和 “She has become stronger(她变得更坚强了)”,说明她 “不再为小事哭”。句子主语是 “She”,谓语动词 “cries” 是实义动词,否定形式需用 “doesn’t + 动词原形”。A 选项 “doesn’t”(助动词否定形式,符合 “主语是第三人称单数、实义动词” 的否定结构);B 选项 “isn’t”(be 动词否定,“cries” 是实义动词,不能用 “isn’t” 否定)、C 选项 “won’t”(will 的否定,表 “将来不再”,但题干 “has become stronger” 强调现在的状态,“不再哭” 是现在的习惯,而非将来)、D 选项 “can’t”(不能,表能力,“不能哭” 与 “变得坚强” 的语境不符,“坚强” 是 “不想哭” 而非 “不能哭”)。 39.答案:A 解析:题干 “when your friend makes a small mistake(当你的朋友犯小错时)”,结合语境可知 “不要反应过度”。A 选项 “overreact”(反应过度),符合 “朋友犯小错” 的情境,提醒不要小题大做;B 选项 “comfort”(安慰,“朋友犯小错” 不需要 “安慰”,逻辑不符)、C 选项 “forgive”(原谅,“不要原谅” 与 “朋友犯小错” 的友好语境矛盾)、D 选项 “fix”(修理 / 解决,“fix when...” 搭配不当,且 “解决朋友犯小错” 语义不通)。 40.答案:A 解析:题干 “you can call me at any time(你可以随时给我打电话)”,结合 “you need help(你需要帮助)” 可知,是 “无论何时需要帮助”。A 选项 “Whenever”(无论何时,引导时间状语从句,强调 “任何需要帮助的时刻”),符合语境;B 选项 “Although”(虽然,表转折,与 “随时打电话” 的时间逻辑不符)、C 选项 “As”(当…… 时 / 因为,表时间时不如 “Whenever” 强调 “任何时候”,表原因时与语境无关)、D 选项 “While”(当…… 时,表 “某个特定时刻”,而非 “任何时刻”,与 “any time” 矛盾)。 二、单句语法填空(根据所给词的适当形式填空) 1.When she heard the bad news, she tried to hide her strong ______ (emotion) in front of others. 2.The little girl felt ______ (bored) because she had nothing interesting to do at home. 3.My parents were ______ (surprised) when they saw my good grades in the final exam. 4.She is always ______ (worried) about her son's safety when he goes out alone. 5.They ______ (argue) with each other about the plan yesterday afternoon, and now they still don't agree. 6.He ______ (receive) a lot of birthday gifts from his friends last week. 7.There is ______ (nothing) difficult in this math problem if you think carefully. 8.I can't ______ (stand) the loud noise from the next room; it's making me crazy. 9.His constant complaining ______ (drive) me mad, so I left the room quickly. 10.We should help those ______ (poor) children who can't afford to go to school. 11.You need to ______ (understand) his situation before you judge him. 12.He finally ______ (solve) the difficult problem after working on it for two hours. 13.The teacher ______ (shout) at the students because they were talking in class. 14.The manager has to ______ (control) the cost of the project to avoid overspending. 15.His eyes were full of ______ (anger) when he knew he was cheated. 16.We should ______ (communicate) with our parents more often to narrow the generation gap. 17.She was ______ (upset) because she failed the English test again. 18.Teenagers are more likely to have ______ (emotional) changes during their growth. 19.This is an ______ (ordinary) story, but it touches many people's hearts. 20.______ (teenager) should learn to take care of themselves when their parents are not at home. 21.______ (while) she was reading a book, her brother was watching TV. 22.Our teacher will ______ (test) our English listening skills tomorrow morning. 23.You should ______ (hold on to) your dreams and never give up easily. 24.He ______ (pretend) to be ill yesterday so that he didn't have to go to school. 25.She is the most outgoing girl ______ (among) all her classmates. 26.This is a very important ______ (stage) in his career development. 27.He has many happy memories of his ______ (childhood) in the small village. 28.______ (adult) should set a good example for children in daily life. 29.The company is developing ______ (rapidly) because of its good management. 30.Eating too much junk food can ______ (cause) many health problems. 答案与解析: 1.emotions 【解析】“emotion” 是可数名词,此处表示 “强烈的感情”,结合语境需用复数形式 “emotions”,指多种感情的体现。 2.bored 【解析】“bored” 用于修饰人,此处主语是 “The little girl”,表示 “感到厌倦的”,符合 “人 + be+adj.” 的结构,无需形式变化。 3.surprised 【解析】“surprised” 修饰人,主语 “My parents” 是人,表达 “感到惊奇的”,符合语境,直接使用所给形容词形式。 4.worried 【解析】“worried” 修饰人,主语 “she” 是人,“be worried about” 是固定搭配,意为 “担心……”,此处用形容词原级。 5.argued 【解析】根据时间状语 “yesterday afternoon” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,“argue” 的过去式是 “argued”。 6.received 【解析】由 “last week” 可知,动作发生在过去,“receive” 的过去式是 “received”,符合一般过去时的用法。 7.nothing 【解析】“nothing” 是不定代词,此处表示 “没有什么困难”,在句中作主语,无需形式变化,直接使用原形。 8.stand 【解析】“can't” 是情态动词,后接动词原形,所以 “stand” 用原形,意为 “容忍”。 9.drives 【解析】句子描述的是常态情况,时态为一般现在时,主语 “His constant complaining” 是不可数名词短语,视为单数,“drive” 的第三人称单数形式是 “drives”。 10.poor 【解析】“poor” 在此处修饰名词 “children”,表示 “贫穷的”,形容词修饰名词用原级,无需变化。 11.understand 【解析】“need to” 后接动词原形,“understand” 用原形,意为 “了解”,符合 “need to do sth” 的结构。 12.solved 【解析】根据 “after working on it for two hours” 可知,“解决问题” 的动作发生在过去,“solve” 的过去式是 “solved”。 13.shouted 【解析】由 “because they were talking in class” 可知,主句动作发生在过去,“shout” 的过去式是 “shouted”,符合一般过去时。 14.control 【解析】“has to” 后接动词原形,“control” 用原形,意为 “控制”,满足 “have to do sth” 的语法要求。 15.anger 【解析】“anger” 是不可数名词,此处 “full of” 后接名词,“anger” 直接作宾语,无需形式变化,意为 “怒火”。 16.communicate 【解析】“should” 是情态动词,后接动词原形,“communicate” 用原形,“communicate with” 是固定搭配,意为 “与…… 交流”。 17.upset 【解析】“upset” 修饰人,主语 “she” 是人,“be upset” 表示 “难过的”,符合语境,用形容词原级。 18.emotional 【解析】“emotional” 是形容词,此处修饰名词 “changes”,表示 “情绪上的变化”,形容词修饰名词用原级,无需变化。 19.ordinary 【解析】“ordinary” 是形容词,修饰名词 “story”,表示 “普通的故事”,形容词修饰名词用原级,符合语境。 20.Teenagers 【解析】“teenager” 是可数名词,此处表示泛指 “青少年们”,需用复数形式 “Teenagers”,且句首首字母大写。 21.While 【解析】“while” 在此处引导时间状语从句,意为 “当…… 的时候”,句首首字母需大写,无需其他形式变化。 22.test 【解析】“will” 后接动词原形,“test” 用原形,意为 “测验”,符合一般将来时 “will do sth” 的结构。 23.hold on to 【解析】“should” 后接动词原形,“hold on to” 是固定短语,意为 “抓紧”,此处用原形短语。 24.pretended 【解析】根据时间状语 “yesterday” 可知,动作发生在过去,“pretend” 的过去式是 “pretended”,符合一般过去时。 25.among 【解析】“among” 是介词,用于三者或三者以上 “在…… 之中”,此处 “all her classmates” 表示三者以上,直接使用介词原形。 26.stage 【解析】“stage” 是可数名词,此处 “a very important” 后接单数名词,“stage” 用原形,意为 “阶段”。 27.childhood 【解析】“childhood” 是不可数名词,此处表示 “童年”,直接作介词 “of” 的宾语,无需形式变化。 28.Adults 【解析】“adult” 是可数名词,此处表示泛指 “成年人”,需用复数形式 “Adults”,且句首首字母大写。 29.rapidly 【解析】“rapidly” 是副词,此处修饰动词 “developing”,副词修饰动词用原级,意为 “迅速地发展”,无需变化。 30.cause 【解析】“can” 是情态动词,后接动词原形,“cause” 用原形,意为 “造成”,符合 “can do sth” 的语法结构。 三、完成句子(根据汉语提示完成句子) 1.每天早上,我通常六点半起床,然后刷牙。 Every morning, I usually ______ ______ at half past six and then ______ my ______. 2.上周六,汤姆和他的朋友们一起去公园放风筝了。 Last Saturday, Tom ______ to the park and ______ ______ with his friends. 3.我的妈妈擅长做饭,她能做出很多美味的食物。 My mother ______ ______ ______ cooking and she can ______ lots of delicious food. 4.下周末,我们计划去参观博物馆,了解更多关于历史的知识。 Next weekend, we ______ ______ ______ the museum to ______ more about history. 5.当你遇到困难时,不要害怕,你可以向老师求助。 When you ______ ______ ______, don't be afraid and you can ______ the teacher ______ help. 6.这个故事非常有趣,我已经读了三遍了。 This story is very ______ and I ______ ______ it three times. 7.他每天花一个小时练习弹钢琴,因为他想成为一名钢琴家。 He ______ one hour ______ ______ the piano every day because he wants ______ ______ a pianist. 8.昨天晚上,我直到完成作业才上床睡觉。 Last night, I ______ go to bed ______ I ______ my homework. 9.在夏天,天气通常很热,人们喜欢去游泳。 In summer, the weather is usually very ______ and people like ______ ______. 10.我的妹妹比我小两岁,她现在正在读小学三年级。 My sister is two years ______ ______ me and she is ______ in Grade Three in a primary school now. 11.我们应该每天坚持锻炼,这样才能保持身体健康。 We should ______ ______ every day so that we can ______ our ______ healthy. 12.昨天下午,我和妈妈一起去超市买了一些水果和蔬菜。 Yesterday afternoon, I ______ to the supermarket with my mother and ______ some fruits and ______. 13.这本书是我最好的朋友送给我的,我非常珍惜它。 This book ______ ______ to me by my best friend and I ______ it very much. 14.明天下午将有一场英语考试,我们现在必须努力复习。 There ______ ______ an English exam tomorrow afternoon and we must ______ ______ now. 15.他跑得非常快,在学校运动会上赢得了 100 米比赛。 He runs very ______ and ______ the 100-meter race in the school ______ meeting. 16.我的爷爷喜欢在饭后散步,这对他的身体有好处。 My grandfather likes ______ ______ walk after meals and it is ______ ______ his health. 17.去年暑假,我和家人去了北京,参观了长城。 Last summer vacation, I ______ to Beijing with my family and ______ the Great Wall. 18.你能告诉我如何提高我的英语听力吗?我对此感到很困惑。 Can you tell me how ______ ______ my English listening? I am very ______ about it. 19.课堂上,我们应该认真听讲,积极回答老师的问题。 In class, we should ______ ______ the teacher carefully and ______ answer the teacher's ______. 20.这个公园是免费开放的,每天都有很多人来这里放松。 This park is open ______ ______ and many people come here ______ ______ every day. 21.她花了两个小时完成了这幅画,她的老师对她的作品很满意。 She ______ two hours ______ this picture and her teacher is ______ ______ her work. 22.当我长大后,我想成为一名医生,帮助更多生病的人。 When I ______ ______, I want ______ ______ a doctor to help more ______ people. 23.昨天晚上,我们一家人坐在沙发上一起看了一部有趣的电影。 Last night, my family ______ on the sofa and ______ an interesting movie together. 24.为了保护环境,我们应该减少使用塑料袋,多使用环保袋。 To ______ the environment, we should ______ the use of plastic bags and use more ______ bags. 25.他每天早上都要读半小时英语,所以他的英语成绩很好。 He ______ English for half an hour every morning, so his English ______ is very good. 26.下周一,我们学校将举行一场运动会,所有学生都可以参加。 Next Monday, our school ______ ______ a sports meeting and all students can ______ ______. 27.我的爸爸经常告诉我,遇到问题时要保持冷静,仔细思考。 My father often tells me to ______ ______ when I have problems and think ______. 28.昨天,我忘记带雨伞了,结果在回家的路上淋雨了。 Yesterday, I ______ ______ take my umbrella and ______ ______ in the rain on my way home. 29.在这个小镇上,有一家古老的书店,里面有很多不同种类的书。 In this small town, there is an ______ bookstore and there are many ______ ______ of books in it. 30.我们应该尊重每一个人,无论他们的年龄、性别或职业是什么。 We should ______ everyone, no matter what their age, ______ or ______ is. 答案与解析: 1.get up;brush;teeth 【解析】“起床” 常用短语 “get up”,主语是第一人称,时态为一般现在时,用原形;“刷牙” 是 “brush one's teeth”,“teeth” 是 “tooth” 的复数形式,符合日常表达。 2.went;flew kites 【解析】根据 “Last Saturday” 可知时态为一般过去时,“去公园” 用 “went to the park”,“go” 的过去式是 “went”;“放风筝” 是 “fly kites”,“fly” 的过去式是 “flew”。 3.is good at;cook 【解析】“擅长” 是固定短语 “be good at”,主语 “my mother” 是第三人称单数,一般现在时中 “be” 用 “is”;“做出(食物)” 用动词 “cook”,情态动词 “can” 后接动词原形。 4.plan to visit;learn 【解析】“计划做某事” 是 “plan to do sth”,主语 “we” 是复数,一般现在时用 “plan”;“参观博物馆” 是 “visit the museum”;“了解” 用动词 “learn”,不定式符号 “to” 后接原形。 5.have difficulties/troubles;ask;for 【解析】“遇到困难” 常用 “have difficulties/troubles”,主语是第二人称,一般现在时用原形;“向某人求助” 是固定短语 “ask sb for help”,情态动词 “can” 后接动词原形。 6.interesting;have read 【解析】“有趣的” 修饰物 “story” 用 “interesting”;根据 “已经读了三遍” 可知时态为现在完成时,结构是 “have/has + 过去分词”,主语 “I” 用 “have”,“read” 的过去分词还是 “read”。 7.spends;practicing playing;to be 【解析】“花费时间做某事” 主语是人时用 “spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth”,主语 “he” 是第三人称单数,一般现在时 “spend” 用 “spends”;“练习做某事” 是 “practice doing sth”,“弹钢琴” 是 “play the piano”,所以 “practicing playing”;“想要成为” 是 “want to be”,不定式符号 “to” 后接 “be”。 8.didn't;until;finished 【解析】根据 “Last night” 可知时态为一般过去时,“直到…… 才……” 用 “not…until…”,“go” 是实义动词,否定式用 “didn't go”;“完成作业” 是 “finish one's homework”,“finish” 的过去式是 “finished”。 9.hot;to go swimming 【解析】“热的” 是形容词 “hot”,在系动词 “is” 后作表语;“喜欢做某事” 是 “like to do sth”,“去游泳” 是 “go swimming”,为固定搭配。 10.younger than;studying 【解析】“比…… 小” 用 “younger than”,是比较级结构;根据 “现在正在读” 可知时态为现在进行时,结构是 “be + 现在分词”,“读(书)” 用 “study”,现在分词是 “studying”。 11.keep exercising;keep;body 【解析】“坚持锻炼” 是 “keep exercising”,情态动词 “should” 后接动词原形;“保持身体健康” 是 “keep one's body healthy”,“keep” 后接形容词 “healthy” 作宾语补足语,“body” 表示 “身体”。 12.went;bought;vegetables 【解析】“Yesterday afternoon” 提示时态为一般过去时,“去超市” 用 “went to the supermarket”,“go” 的过去式是 “went”;“买” 用 “buy”,过去式是 “bought”;“蔬菜” 常用复数 “vegetables”。 13.was given;treasure 【解析】“书被送给我” 表示被动,时态为一般过去时,被动语态结构是 “was/were + 过去分词”,主语 “this book” 是单数,用 “was given”;“珍惜” 用动词 “treasure”,主语 “I” 是第一人称,一般现在时用原形。 14.will be;study hard 【解析】“明天下午” 提示时态为一般将来时,“there be” 句型的将来时是 “there will be”;“努力复习” 是 “study hard”,情态动词 “must” 后接动词原形。 15.fast;won;sports 【解析】“快地” 是副词 “fast”,修饰动词 “runs”;根据语境可知 “赢得比赛” 是过去发生的事,用一般过去时,“win” 的过去式是 “won”;“运动会” 是 “sports meeting”,为固定短语。 16.taking a;good for 【解析】“喜欢散步” 是 “like taking a walk”,“like doing sth” 表示习惯性动作;“对…… 有好处” 是固定短语 “be good for”,符合语境。 17.went;visited 【解析】“去年暑假” 提示时态为一般过去时,“去北京” 用 “went to Beijing”,“go” 的过去式是 “went”;“参观” 用 “visit”,过去式是 “visited”。 18.to improve;confused 【解析】“如何做某事” 是 “how to do sth”,“提高” 用 “improve”,所以 “how to improve”;“感到困惑的” 修饰人用 “confused”,在系动词 “am” 后作表语。 19.listen to;actively;questions 【解析】“认真听讲” 是 “listen to the teacher carefully”,情态动词 “should” 后接动词原形;“积极地” 是副词 “actively”,修饰动词 “answer”;“问题” 常用复数 “questions”,符合 “老师的问题” 这一语境。 20.for free;to relax 【解析】“免费” 是固定短语 “for free”,作状语;“来这里放松” 表示目的,用不定式 “to relax”,符合语境。 21.spent;finishing;satisfied with 【解析】“花时间完成某事” 用 “spend + 时间 + finishing sth”,根据语境可知时态为一般过去时,“spend” 的过去式是 “spent”;“对…… 满意” 是固定短语 “be satisfied with”,主语 “teacher” 是第三人称单数,“be” 用 “is”,此处省略 “is” 后的 “is”(因前面已有 “is”,避免重复)。 22.grow up;to be;sick 【解析】“长大” 是固定短语 “grow up”,主句是一般现在时,时间状语从句也用一般现在时,主语 “I” 用 “grow”;“想要成为” 是 “want to be”;“生病的” 是形容词 “sick”,修饰名词 “people”。 23.sat;watched 【解析】“昨天晚上” 提示时态为一般过去时,“坐在沙发上” 用 “sat on the sofa”,“sit” 的过去式是 “sat”;“看电影” 用 “watch a movie”,“watch” 的过去式是 “watched”。 24.protect;reduce;environment-friendly 【解析】“保护环境” 是 “protect the environment”,不定式符号 “to” 后接动词原形;“减少” 用动词 “reduce”,情态动词 “should” 后接原形;“环保袋” 是 “environment-friendly bags”,“environment-friendly” 是形容词,意为 “环保的”。 25.reads;grade 【解析】“读英语” 是 “read English”,主语 “he” 是第三人称单数,一般现在时 “read” 用 “reads”;“成绩” 用 “grade”,此处指英语这一学科的成绩,用单数形式。 26.will hold;take part 【解析】“下周一” 提示时态为一般将来时,“举行运动会” 用 “hold a sports meeting”,将来时用 “will hold”;“参加” 是 “take part”,情态动词 “can” 后接动词原形。 27.keep calm;carefully 【解析】“保持冷静” 是固定短语 “keep calm”,不定式符号 “to” 后接动词原形;“仔细思考” 是 “think carefully”,“carefully” 是副词,修饰动词 “think”。 28.forgot to;got wet 【解析】“Yesterday” 提示时态为一般过去时,“忘记做某事(未做)” 是 “forgot to do sth”,“forget” 的过去式是 “forgot”;“淋雨” 即 “变湿”,用 “got wet”,“get” 的过去式是 “got”。 29.old;different kinds 【解析】“古老的” 是形容词 “old”,修饰名词 “bookstore”;“不同种类的” 是固定短语 “different kinds of”,“kind” 用复数 “kinds”,符合 “很多种类” 的语境。 30.respect;gender;job 【解析】“尊重” 是动词 “respect”,情态动词 “should” 后接动词原形;“性别” 是 “gender”,“职业” 是 “job”,根据 “their” 可知,“job” 用单数(此处表示 “职业” 这一类别,单数即可涵盖),与 “age” 并列。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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11.Unit 3 Feelings and Emotions(重点词汇)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(北师大版2024)
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11.Unit 3 Feelings and Emotions(重点词汇)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(北师大版2024)
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11.Unit 3 Feelings and Emotions(重点词汇)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(北师大版2024)
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