内容正文:
教科版(五四学制)七上Unit 2 Making history .同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展 (19)
- develop v. 发展- developed adj. 发达的- developing adj. 发展中的
the development of... ……的发展
The development of online shopping makes our life easier.(网购的发展让我们的生活更便捷。)
2
behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现 (19)
behavior n. 行为;举止
1. behave well 表现好2. behave oneself 守规矩
The children behaved well during the visit to the museum.(孩子们在参观博物馆时表现很好。)
3
particular /pəˈtɪkjələ/ adj. 特别的,不寻常的 (19)
particularly adv. 特别地;尤其
1. in particular 尤其;特别2. a particular case 特殊情况
She likes all fruits, in particular apples.(她喜欢所有水果,尤其是苹果。)
4
cause /kɔːz/ v. 导致,引起,使发生 (19)
cause n. 原因;起因
1. cause sth 导致某事2. cause sb to do sth 导致某人做某事
Smoking can cause many serious illnesses.(吸烟会导致多种严重疾病。)
5
Roman /ˈrəʊmən/ adj. 古罗马的 (19)
N/A
1. Roman Empire 罗马帝国2. Roman numerals 罗马数字
We learned about the Roman Empire in history class.(我们在历史课上学习了罗马帝国。)
6
Latin /ˈlætɪn/ n. 拉丁语 (19)
N/A
N/A
Many English words come from Latin.(很多英语单词源自拉丁语。)
7
rich /rɪtʃ/ adj. 有钱的,富有的 (19)
1. richness n. 财富;丰富2. enrich v. 使富裕;使丰富
1. be rich in 富含……2. a rich man 富人
This area is rich in natural resources.(这个地区富含自然资源。)
8
century /ˈsentʃəri/ n. 世纪 (19)
N/A
1. in the 21st century 在21世纪2. over the centuries 几个世纪以来
Great changes have taken place in China over the past century.(在过去的一个世纪里,中国发生了巨大变化。)
9
fighting /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/ n. 战斗 (19)
1. fight v. 战斗;打架(过去式/过去分词:fought)2. fighter n. 战士;战斗机
1. stop fighting 停止战斗2. fierce fighting 激烈的战斗
After hours of fierce fighting, the soldiers finally won.(经过数小时的激烈战斗,士兵们最终获胜。)
10
founding /ˈfaʊndɪŋ/ n. 创建 (19)
1. found v. 创建;建立(过去式/过去分词:founded)2. foundation n. 基础;基金会
the founding of... ……的创建
The founding of the People's Republic of China was in 1949.(中华人民共和国成立于1949年。)
11
BCE /ˌbiː siː ˈiː/ 公元前 (19)
N/A
used before years(用于年份前,表示“公元前”)
The Great Wall of China began to be built in the 7th century BCE.(中国的长城始建于公元前7世纪。)
12
war /wɔː/ n. 战争 (19)
1. wartime n. 战时2. warrior n. 战士;武士
1. at war 处于战争状态2. a civil war 内战
Many people lost their homes during the war.(战争期间,许多人失去了家园。)
13
formation /fɔːˈmeɪʃən/ n. 形成 (19)
form v. 形成;构成;n. 形式;表格
the formation of... ……的形成
The formation of ice needs low temperature.(冰的形成需要低温。)
14
several /ˈsevrəl/ determiner. 几个,一些 (19)
N/A
several + 可数名词复数(几个……)
She has been to Beijing several times.(她去过北京好几次了。)
15
land /lænd/ n. 土地 (19)
1. land v. 着陆;登陆2. landlord n. 房东;地主
1. farm land 农田2. land on 着陆于……
The plane will land on the airport in ten minutes.(飞机将在十分钟后降落在机场。)
16
kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ n. 王国 (19)
king n. 国王;queen n. 女王
the United Kingdom 英国(缩写:UK)
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries.(英国由四个国家组成。)
17
greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. 极其,非常 (19)
great adj. 伟大的;极大的
greatly + 动词/形容词(极大地……)
This new policy has greatly improved people's life.(这项新政策极大地改善了人们的生活。)
18
army /ˈɑːmi/ n. 陆军部队 (20)
N/A
1. join the army 参军2. the army 陆军
His brother joined the army when he was 18.(他哥哥18岁时参了军。)
19
oral /ˈɔːrəl/ adj. 口头的,口述的 (20)
orally adv. 口头地;口述地
1. oral English 英语口语2. oral exam 口语考试
We have an oral English exam every term.(我们每学期都有英语口语考试。)
20
comrade /ˈkɒmræd/ n. 战友 (20)
N/A
comrade - in - arms 战友(复数:comrades - in - arms)
He and his comrades - in - arms fought together for many years.(他和他的战友们一起战斗了很多年。)
21
cover /ˈkʌvə/ v. 盖,覆盖 (20)
1. cover n. 封面;盖子2. coverage n. 覆盖范围
1. cover... with... 用……覆盖……2. cover an area of 占地面积为……
The ground is covered with snow in winter.(冬天,地面被雪覆盖。)
22
clothing /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/ n. 衣服 (20)
clothes n. 衣服(复数);cloth n. 布;fabric n. 织物(初中阶段核心关联词)
warm clothing 保暖衣物
You need to take warm clothing when you go to the north in winter.(冬天去北方时,你需要带保暖衣物。)
23
progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n. 缓慢行进 (20)
progressive adj. 进步的;渐进的
make progress 取得进步(中考高频)
With the teacher's help, he made great progress in math.(在老师的帮助下,他在数学上取得了很大进步。)
24
soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə/ n. 士兵,军人 (21)
N/A
a brave soldier 勇敢的士兵
The soldier risked his life to save the child.(这个士兵冒着生命危险救了那个孩子。)
25
sick /sɪk/ adj. 生病的 (21)
1. sickness n. 疾病2. sickly adj. 体弱的
1. be sick 生病2. look sick 看起来不舒服
She stayed at home because she was sick.(她因为生病待在了家里。)
26
wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/ adj. 受伤的,负伤的 (21)
1. wound v. 使受伤;n. 伤口2. unwounded adj. 未受伤的
the wounded 伤员(复数概念)
The doctors are trying their best to save the wounded.(医生们正在尽全力抢救伤员。)
27
northwestern /ˌnɔːθˈwestən/ adj. 西北部的 (21)
1. northwest n. 西北;西北部2. north n. 北;west n. 西
northwestern China 中国西北部
There are many beautiful lakes in northwestern China.(中国西北部有许多美丽的湖泊。)
28
cross /krɒs/ v. 横渡 (21)
1. cross adj. 交叉的;n. 十字形2. crossing n. 十字路口;渡口
1. cross a river 渡河2. cross the road 过马路
They crossed the Atlantic Ocean by ship.(他们乘船横渡了大西洋。)
29
wet /wet/ adj. 湿的 (21)
1. wet v. 弄湿(过去式/过去分词:wetted/wet)2. dry adj. 干的(反义词)
1. get wet 弄湿;淋湿2. wet clothes 湿衣服
Don't go out without an umbrella, or you'll get wet.(没带伞就别出去了,不然你会淋湿的。)
30
fall /fɔːl/ v. 摔倒,跌倒 (21)
1. fall n. 秋天;掉落2. fallen adj. 落下的;倒下的
1. fall down 摔倒2. fall off 从……掉下来
The old man fell down on the icy road.(老人在结冰的路上摔倒了。)
31
marsh /mɑːʃ/ n. 沼泽,湿地 (21)
marshy adj. 沼泽般的;潮湿的
N/A
Many birds live in the marsh near the river.(许多鸟类生活在河边的沼泽里。)
32
stick /stɪk/ n. 棍,条 (21)
1. stick v. 粘住;坚持(过去式/过去分词:stuck)2. sticky adj. 粘的
1. a stick of 一根……(如a stick of chalk 一根粉笔)2. stick to 坚持
He used a stick to help him walk.(他用一根棍子辅助走路。)
33
still /stɪl/ adv. 虽然如此 (21)
still adj. 静止的;不动的
1. still + 动词(仍然……)2. keep still 保持静止
It was raining, but we still went out for a walk.(天在下雨,但我们还是出去散步了。)
34
complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. 完成 (21)
1. complete adj. 完整的;完全的2. completion n. 完成
1. complete sth 完成某事2. complete a task 完成任务
You need to complete your homework before watching TV.(你需要完成作业再看电视。)
35
mission /ˈmɪʃən/ n. 任务,使命 (21)
missionary n. 传教士(初中阶段了解即可)
1. complete a mission 完成任务2. a important mission 一项重要使命
The soldiers successfully completed their mission.(士兵们成功完成了他们的任务。)
36
loss /lɒs/ n. 死亡,去世 (21)
1. lose v. 失去;丢失(过去式/过去分词:lost)2. lost adj. 丢失的;迷路的
1. the loss of sb 某人的去世2. a great loss 巨大的损失
We were very sad about the loss of our beloved teacher.(我们为敬爱的老师的去世感到非常悲伤。)
37
lay /leɪ/ v. 安放;lay sb to rest 安葬某人 (21)
1. lay v. 下蛋(过去式/过去分词:laid)2. layer n. 层
1. lay sb to rest 安葬某人2. lay down 放下;制定
The villagers laid the hero to rest in the village cemetery.(村民们把英雄安葬在村里的墓地。)
38
narrator /næˈreɪtə/ n. 叙述者 (22)
narrate v. 叙述;讲述
N/A
The narrator of this story is a little girl.(这个故事的叙述者是一个小女孩。)
39
spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/ n. 精神 (22)
1. spiritual adj. 精神的;心灵的2. spirits n. 情绪(常用复数)
1. the spirit of... ……的精神2. in high spirits 情绪高涨
We should learn the spirit of hard work.(我们应该学习勤奋工作的精神。)
40
dogsled /ˈdɒɡsled/ n. 狗拉雪橇 (23)
N/A
N/A
People used dogsleds to travel in the cold north before.(以前,人们在寒冷的北方用狗拉雪橇出行。)
41
difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ n. 困难 (23)
1. difficult adj. 困难的2. difficulties n. 困难(复数,指具体困难)
1. have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难(中考高频)2. overcome difficulties 克服困难
She has difficulty in speaking English.(她在说英语方面有困难。)
42
continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/ v. 继续 (23)
1. continuous adj. 连续的;持续的2. continuation n. 继续;延续
1. continue to do sth 继续做某事2. continue doing sth 继续做某事(与前者用法相近)
He continued to read after dinner.(晚饭后他继续看书。)
43
British /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ adj. 英国的 (23)
Britain n. 英国;不列颠
1. British people 英国人2. British culture 英国文化
British people like drinking tea in the afternoon.(英国人喜欢在下午喝茶。)
44
cave /keɪv/ n. 洞穴 (24)
cave v. 洞穴探险(初中阶段了解即可)
1. a natural cave 天然洞穴2. live in a cave 住在洞穴里
Ancient people used to live in caves.(古代人过去住在洞穴里。)
45
rainbow /ˈreɪnbəʊ/ n. 彩虹 (24)
N/A
1. see a rainbow 看到彩虹2. a colorful rainbow 彩色的彩虹
We can often see a rainbow after the rain.(雨后我们经常能看到彩虹。)
46
anywhere /ˈeniweə/ adv. 任何地方 (24)
N/A
1. 用于否定句、疑问句中(肯定句用somewhere)2. anywhere else 其他任何地方
I can't find my pen anywhere.(我到处都找不到我的钢笔。)
47
silk /sɪlk/ n. 丝绸 (24)
silky adj. 丝绸般的;柔滑的
1. silk clothes 丝绸衣服2. the Silk Road 丝绸之路(中考常考文化常识)
The Silk Road connected China with other countries in ancient times.(古代丝绸之路连接了中国和其他国家。)
48
somebody /ˈsʌmbədi/ pron. 某人 (25)
N/A
1. 用于肯定句(疑问句、否定句用anybody)2. 作主语时,谓语动词用单数
Somebody called you when you were out.(你出去的时候有人给你打电话了。)
49
everybody /ˈevribɒdi/ pron. 每个人 (25)
N/A
1. 作主语时,谓语动词用单数2. 同义短语:everyone
Everybody in our class likes our new teacher.(我们班每个人都喜欢我们的新老师。)
50
anybody /ˈeniˌbɒdi/ pron. 任何人 (25)
N/A
1. 用于否定句、疑问句、条件句2. anybody else 其他任何人
Does anybody know the answer to this question?(有人知道这个问题的答案吗?)
51
nowhere /ˈnəʊweə/ adv. 什么地方都不 (25)
N/A
1. go nowhere 无处可去2. nowhere to be found 无处可寻
My keys are nowhere to be found.(我的钥匙到处都找不到。)
52
eastern /ˈiːstən/ adj. 东部的 (25)
1. east n. 东;东部2. easterner n. 东部人
1. eastern China 中国东部2. eastern culture 东方文化
Shanghai is a big city in eastern China.(上海是中国东部的一座大城市。)
53
capital /ˈkæpɪtl/ n. 首都 (26)
N/A
1. the capital of... ……的首都2. capital city 首都城市
Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China.(北京是中华人民共和国的首都。)
54
northern /ˈnɔːðən/ adj. 北部的 (26)
1. north n. 北;北部2. northerner n. 北部人
1. northern China 中国北部2. northern climate 北方气候
It's very cold in northern China in winter.(中国北部的冬天非常冷。)
55
digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数字的,数码的 (26)
digit n. 数字;位数
1. digital camera 数码相机2. digital technology 数字技术
Most people use digital cameras to take photos now.(现在大多数人用数码相机拍照。)
56
copy /ˈkɒpi/ n. 复制件;副本 (26)
1. copy v. 复制;抄写(过去式/过去分词:copied)2. duplicate v. 复制(同义词,初中阶段了解即可)
1. a copy of... 一份……的副本2. make a copy 复印;复制
Can you give me a copy of this report?(你能给我一份这份报告的副本吗?)
57
large /lɑːdʒ/ adj. 巨大的;大的 (26)
1. largely adv. 主要地;在很大程度上2. enlarge v. 扩大;放大
1. a large number of 许多……(后接可数名词复数)2. as large as 和……一样大
A large number of students are interested in English.(许多学生对英语感兴趣。)
58
original /əˈrɪdʒənl/ adj. 原作的,真迹的 (26)
1. origin n. 起源;根源2. originally adv. 最初;原本
1. the original painting 原画;真迹画2. original idea 原创想法
This is the original painting by Van Gogh, not a copy.(这是梵高的原画,不是复制品。)
59
visitor /ˈvɪzɪtə/ n. 参观者 (26)
1. visit v. 参观;拜访2. visiting adj. 访问的;参观的
1. a visitor to... ……的参观者2. welcome visitors 欢迎参观者
There are many visitors to the Great Wall every year.(每年有很多游客去参观长城。)
60
step /step/ v. 跨步,迈步 (26)
1. step n. 脚步;台阶2. step by step 逐步地(固定短语)
1. step forward 向前迈步2. step into 走进……
She stepped forward to accept the award.(她走上前接受奖项。)
61
everywhere /ˈevriweə/ adv. 在各个地方;处处 (26)
N/A
1. look everywhere 到处找2. everywhere you go 无论你去哪里
You can see green trees everywhere in spring.(春天到处都能看到绿树。)
62
energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的,充满活力的 (26)
1. energy n. 精力;能量2. energetically adv. 精力充沛地
be energetic 精力充沛
He is always energetic and ready to help others.(他总是精力充沛,乐于助人。)
63
typical /ˈtɪpɪkl/ adj. 平常的 (27)
1. typically adv. 通常;典型地2. typicality n. 典型性(初中阶段了解即可)
1. a typical day 平常的一天2. be typical of 是……的典型
Getting up early and going to bed early is typical of him.(早睡早起是他的典型习惯。)
64
successful /səkˈsesfl/ adj. 成功的 (27)
1. success n. 成功;成功的人/事2. succeed v. 成功(succeed in doing sth 成功做某事)
1. a successful person 成功的人2. a successful project 成功的项目
He became a successful businessman after years of hard work.(经过多年的努力,他成为了一名成功的商人。)
65
village /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ n. 乡村,村庄 (27)
1. villager n. 村民2. village life 乡村生活
1. live in a village 住在乡村2. a small village 小村庄
My grandparents live in a small village in the countryside.(我的祖父母住在乡下的一个小村庄里。)
66
figure /ˈfɪɡə/ n. 人物 (28)
1. figure v. 认为;计算2. figure out 算出;弄明白(固定短语)
1. a famous figure 著名人物2. historical figures 历史人物
Confucius is a famous historical figure in China.(孔子是中国著名的历史人物。)
67
naturalist /ˈnætʃrəlɪst/ n. 博物学家 (28)
1. natural adj. 自然的;天然的2. nature n. 自然;天性
N/A
Charles Darwin was a famous naturalist in the 19th century.(查尔斯·达尔文是19世纪著名的博物学家。)
68
biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家 (28)
1. biology n. 生物学2. biological adj. 生物的
N/A
Her dream is to become a biologist and study animals.(她的梦想是成为一名生物学家,研究动物。)
69
interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ adj. 感兴趣的 (28)
1. interest v. 使感兴趣;n. 兴趣2. interesting adj. 有趣的(修饰事物)
1. be interested in 对……感兴趣(中考高频)2. get interested in 开始对……感兴趣
She is interested in reading science fiction.(她对读科幻小说感兴趣。)
70
scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的 (28)
1. science n. 科学2. scientist n. 科学家
1. scientific research 科学研究2. scientific methods 科学方法
Scientists use scientific methods to do research.(科学家用科学方法进行研究。)
71
research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n. 研究,探索 (28)
research v. 研究;探索
1. do research 做研究2. research on/into 关于……的研究
He is doing research on environmental protection.(他正在做关于环境保护的研究。)
72
voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/ n. 航行 (28)
voyage v. 航行(初中阶段了解即可)
1. a sea voyage 海上航行2. go on a voyage 进行航行
Columbus went on a voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492.(1492年,哥伦布进行了横渡大西洋的航行。)
73
notice /ˈnəʊtɪs/ v. 注意到 (28)
1. notice n. 通知;注意2. noticeable adj. 明显的;易注意到的
1. notice sb do sth 注意到某人做某事(全过程)2. notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事
I noticed him leave the classroom just now.(我刚才注意到他离开了教室。)
74
similar /ˈsɪmələ/ adj. 相似的 (28)
1. similarly adv. 相似地2. similarity n. 相似性
1. be similar to 与……相似(中考高频)2. similar clothes 相似的衣服
My new bag is similar to yours.(我的新包和你的很相似。)
75
conclude /kənˈkluːd/ v. 作出……结论,推断出 (28)
1. conclusion n. 结论2. conclusive adj. 决定性的(初中阶段了解即可)
1. conclude that... 推断出……;得出结论……2. draw a conclusion 得出结论(名词短语)
We can conclude that he is lying from his words.(从他的话里我们可以推断出他在撒谎。)
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common /ˈkɒmən/ adj. 共同的 (28)
1. commonly adv. 通常;普遍地2. commonness n. 普遍性(初中阶段了解即可)
1. have... in common 有……共同之处2. common sense 常识
They have many hobbies in common.(他们有很多共同的爱好。)
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ancestor /ˈænsestə/ n. 祖先 (28)
ancestral adj. 祖先的;祖传的
N/A
We should remember our ancestors' hard work.(我们应该记住祖先的辛勤付出。)
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finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ n. 结果,结论 (28)
find v. 找到;发现(过去式/过去分词:found)
1. research findings 研究结果2. a surprising finding 一个令人惊讶的结论
The findings of this study are very important.(这项研究的结果非常重要。)
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brand - new /ˌbrænd ˈnjuː/ adj. 全新的 (28)
N/A
1. a brand - new car 一辆全新的汽车2. brand - new clothes 全新的衣服
My parents bought me a brand - new bike for my birthday.(我父母给我买了一辆全新的自行车作为生日礼物。)
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pre - existing /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/ adj. 先于……存在的 (28)
1. exist v. 存在2. existence n. 存在
pre - existing problems 先前存在的问题
We need to solve the pre - existing problems first.(我们需要先解决先前存在的问题。)
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display /dɪˈspleɪ/ n. 展览 (30)
1. display v. 展示;陈列2. displayer n. 显示器(初中阶段了解即可)
1. an art display 艺术展览2. on display 展出;陈列
Many famous paintings are on display in this museum.(这家博物馆展出了许多著名的画作。)
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unknown /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj. 不知道的,未知的 (30)
1. known adj. 已知的(反义词)2. unknown n. 未知的事物/人
1. the unknown 未知的事物2. unknown to sb 某人不知道的
There are still many unknown things in the universe.(宇宙中还有很多未知的事物。)
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level /ˈlevl/ n. 层 (30)
1. level adj. 水平的;同高度的2. level v. 使平坦
1. a level of 一层……;一个水平的……2. the first level 第一层
The office is on the third level of this building.(办公室在这栋楼的第三层。)
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trunk /trʌŋk/ n. 树干 (30)
N/A
1. the trunk of a tree 树干2. a thick trunk 粗壮的树干
The trunk of this old tree is very thick.(这棵老树的树干非常粗。)
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branch /brɑːntʃ/ n. 树枝 (30)
branch v. 分叉;分支(初中阶段了解即可)
1. tree branches 树枝2. a small branch 小树枝
The wind broke some branches of the tree.(风折断了这棵树的一些树枝。)
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exactly /ɪɡˈzæktli/ adv. 确切地 (30)
1. exact adj. 确切的;精确的2. exactness n. 精确性(初中阶段了解即可)
1. exactly speaking 确切地说2. not exactly 不完全是;未必
Exactly speaking, the meeting will start at 9:00 a.m.(确切地说,会议将在上午9点开始。)
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obsidian /əbˈsɪdiən/ n. 黑曜岩 (30)
N/A
N/A
Ancient people used obsidian to make tools.(古代人用黑曜岩制作工具。)
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mirror /ˈmɪrə/ n. 镜子 (30)
1. mirror v. 反射;映照2. mirrored adj. 有镜面的
1. look in the mirror 照镜子2. a small mirror 小镜子
She looked in the mirror and combed her hair.(她照了照镜子,梳了梳头发。)
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stone /stəʊn/ n. 石头,岩石 (30)
1. stone adj. 石制的2. stony adj. 多石的;冷酷的
1. a piece of stone 一块石头2. stone walls 石墙
He picked up a piece of stone and threw it into the river.(他捡起一块石头,扔进了河里。)
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well - developed /ˌwel dɪˈveləpt/ adj. 完善的 (30)
develop v. 发展;开发(见第1个单词派生词)
well - developed skills 完善的技能
She has well - developed communication skills.(她有完善的沟通技巧。)
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themselves /ðəmˈselvz/ pron. 他们(或她们、它们)自己 (30)
1. them pron. 他们(宾格)2. self n. 自我;自身(词根)
1. by themselves 独自地2. help themselves 自助;自己动手
The children can dress themselves now.(孩子们现在能自己穿衣服了。)
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lamp /læmp/ n. 灯 (31)
lamp v. 照亮(初中阶段了解即可)
1. a table lamp 台灯2. turn on the lamp 开灯
She turned on the lamp and began to read.(她打开台灯,开始看书。)
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erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/ v. 爆发,喷发 (31)
1. eruption n. 爆发;喷发2. eruptive adj. 爆发的(初中阶段了解即可)
1. a volcano erupts 火山喷发2. erupt into 突然爆发(某种情绪/行为)
The volcano erupted last year, causing great damage.(这座火山去年喷发了,造成了巨大的破坏。)
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