专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·吉林长春·期中） Teenagers’ fitness is now an important concern, and physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong, and helps you to keep the right body weight. Sports scientist Dr. Helen Lopez offers the following advice to teenagers. First, you need to find out your present level of fitness. Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier. Dr. Lopez suggests that there are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. “Overweight” means that the person gets very little exercise and often has a serious weight problem. “Inactive” means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight. “Active” refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities, but do not have a high fitness level. According to Dr. Lopez, overweight teenagers should work out to keep healthy. Ride a bike, play badminton or basketball for a while, and go for a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories (卡路里). Inactive teenagers should do similar activities, but add some bending and stretching (拉伸) exercises, such as push-ups and sit-ups, staring with twenty of each a day. “Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger,” Dr. Lopez said. The same rule applies to active teenagers. Dr. Lopez suggests one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive (高强度) exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities. “These activities are really important in order to stop injuries,” Dr. Lopez said. Some weight-training and other body-strengthening exercises could also be organized in the programme in order to increase the person’s strength. 1．What should teenagers find out first according to Dr. Helen Lopez? A．Their present level of fitness. B．Their past level of fitness. C．Their present level of stress. D．Their present level of body weight. 2．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Active people always have a high fitness level. B．Overweight people always take more exercise. C．Keeping fit means changing teenagers’ lifestyle. D．Inactive teenagers are not seriously overweight. 3．What can you do to stop injuries? A．Do some walking. B．Do some jogging. C．Do some stretching and bending. D．Do some weight-training. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Doing Exercise B．Teenagers’ Fitness C．Different Lifestyles D．Overweight teenagers 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了青少年常见的健康问题，并给出具体的运动方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Sports scientist Dr. Helen Lopez offers the following advice to teenagers. First, you need to find out your present level of fitness. (运动科学家Dr. Helen Lopez向青少年提供了以下建议。首先，你需要找出你目前的健康水平。)”可知，青少年首先应该了解他们目前的健康水平。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段““Inactive” means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight. (“不活跃”是指这个人不参加很多体育活动，但没有严重超重。)”可知，不活跃的青少年并不严重超重。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Dr. Lopez suggests one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive (高强度) exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities. “These activities are really important in order to stop injuries,” Dr. Lopez said. (Dr. Lopez建议每周花一个小时或更长时间进行跑步和其他形式的高强度运动，同时每天花15分钟进行伸展和弯曲运动。“为了防止受伤，这些活动真的很重要，”Dr. Lopez说。)”可知，为了防止受伤，你应该做一些伸展和弯曲运动。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Teenagers’ fitness is now an important concern, and physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. (青少年的健康现在是一个重要的问题，体育锻炼是非常重要的。它可以减轻压力，提高身体素质。)”可知，本文主要分析了青少年常见的健康问题，并给出具体的运动方案，因此最好的标题是B选项“Teenagers’ Fitness (青少年的健康)”。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·黑龙江绥化·期中） If you are like most English learners, you may be familiar with this: You think you understand a topic. Yet when asked to use what you have learned, you are not able to remember the information. Not being able to retrieve (数据检索) new ideas could happen on a test or even in a conversation. Sarah Lynn, an educational consultant and teacher, thinks English learners can improve their ability to remember and use new words by testing themselves. She adds that self-testing improves retrieval — the ability to use and remember new words. Lynn is not the only expert who recommends self-testing. A paper in Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition says one benefit of testing practice is that it improves retrieval. Retrieving information once makes retrieving that information easier in the future. In addition, the paper says, when students test themselves as part of studying, they learn what they do not know. When students know what they do not understand, they can pay attention to overcoming their weaknesses. Lynn recommends that learners test themselves by getting away from what they are studying. Then, they should test themselves by thinking about what they have learned. She recommends that learners make themselves write or speak something. Lynn suggests reading something or watching a video on the topic, then getting rid of the reading or video material and summarizing it. This will allow learners to test what they know. Next time you are studying English, try to test yourself. But do not just assume that you can read something once or twice and fully understand it. Even if you highlight important points or take notes in a class, you probably do not fully understand what you learned. After all, Olympic athletes cannot learn how to swim or run just from reading a book. They have to practice swimming or running every day for years. They often compete in races to test their skills. 5．What’s the common situation faced by English learners? A．They fail to come up with new ideas. B．They are not familiar with a certain topic. C．They don’t learn as well as they think. D．They don’t know how to improve their test-taking skills. 6．Which is the advice given by Lynn about self-testing? A．Recall what’s learned with the book closed. B．Remember what’s learned by repetitive reciting. C．Question your teachers on what you doubt bravely. D．Challenge yourself to learn from videos. 7．Why are Olympic athletes mentioned? A．To show how to be successful athletes. B．To make people confident of learning. C．To warn English learners not to be proud. D．To stress the significance of practice. 8．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Learning actually takes effort most B．Improve English by self-testing C．Memorize more new words D．What is self-testing? 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Sarah Lynn提出的自我测试可以提高英语学习者记忆和使用新单词的能力的观点。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“If you are like most English learners, you may be familiar with this: You think you understand a topic. Yet when asked to use what you have learned, you are not able to remember the information.(如果你和大多数英语学习者一样，你可能会对这种情况很熟悉：你觉得你理解了一个话题。然而，当被要求运用你所学的东西时，你却想不起这些信息)”可知，英语学习者面临的普遍情况是自我感觉学得好，但实际上并不如自己想象的那样。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Lynn recommends that learners test themselves by getting away from what they are studying. Then, they should test themselves by thinking about what they have learned. She recommends that learners make themselves write or speak something. Lynn suggests reading something or watching a video on the topic, then getting rid of the reading or video material and summarizing it.(Lynn建议学习者通过远离正在学习的内容来进行自我测试。然后，他们应该通过思考所学内容来测试自己。她建议学习者让自己写或说一些东西。Lynn建议阅读一些关于这个话题的内容或观看一段视频，然后摆脱阅读材料或视频材料，对其进行总结)”可知，Lynn关于自我测试的建议是合上书本回忆所学内容。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“After all, Olympic athletes cannot learn how to swim or run just from reading a book. They have to practice swimming or running every day for years. They often compete in races to test their skills.(毕竟，奥运选手不可能仅仅通过阅读一本书就学会游泳或跑步。他们必须每天练习游泳或跑步数年。他们经常参加比赛来测试自己的技能)”可推知，提到奥运选手是为了强调实践的重要性，即只有通过不断的实践才能真正掌握技能。这与英语学习中的自我测试相呼应，强调了通过实践(即自我测试)来巩固和提高英语学习的重要性。故选D。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Sarah Lynn, an educational consultant and teacher, thinks English learners can improve their ability to remember and use new words by testing themselves. She adds that self-testing improves retrieval — the ability to use and remember new words.(教育顾问兼教师莎拉·林恩 (Sarah Lynn) 认为英语学习者可以通过自我测试来提高记忆和使用新单词的能力。她补充说，自我测试可以提高检索能力——使用和记住新单词的能力。)”可知，文章主要介绍了Sarah Lynn提出的自我测试可以提高英语学习者记忆和使用新单词的能力的观点。B项“通过自我测试来提高英语”适合作文章标题，故选B。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁大连·期中） Can the path of a child’s life — things like their future grade point average (GPA) — be predicted using computer models? In theory, this idea isn’t outlandish. In today’s digital world, algorithms (算法) can predict patient health outcomes and loan repayment likelihood. So researchers wondered whether this sort of analysis could help predict a child’s future. In a new study, Lundberg and his colleagues dug into why the earlier study failed to forecast the kids’ outcomes accurately — zeroing in on GPA．They reconnected with 40 families and interviewed them extensively to learn more about their lives. The findings suggest that the shortcomings in predicting outcomes wasn’t just about a lack of data or computational limits. Rather, that there is a fundamental limit on our ability to foretell the complexities of life. This failure of prediction can be attributed to two main sources. First is something called irreducible error. An example of this is an unexpected event that could happen to a child in their adolescent years that can’t be foreseen — something like a parent’s death, says Lundberg. “In that case, there’s really no machine learning or computational methods that can make prediction better,” he adds. The second is learning error: errors within an algorithm’s learning process. The kinds of outcomes the scientists were trying to measure like grades and family hardships are influenced by a lot of different variables (变量), which can form patterns that an algorithm can learn and then use to predict an outcome. But when there are too many variables, sometimes algorithms can learn the wrong pattern, says Lundberg. This type of learning error can be made smaller with more individuals. But for long-term studies like this, it’s difficult to get more than a few thousand people to participate. The new findings also illustrate the value of qualitative (定性的) research — conducting interviews and talking with human beings could also be influencing outcomes. “Social outcomes can be unpredictable and complex,” says Sotoudeh, “but some qualitative observations made by sociologists, such as how people interact and form relationships, are hard to translate into a number, says Sotoudeh, and could also be influencing outcomes. “The answer is not always more data,” echoes Sotoudeh. “Social outcomes, they’re unpredictable and they’re complex. And we just have to make peace with this unpredictability.” 9．What does the underlined word “outlandish” mean? A．Familiar. B．Specific. C．Normal. D．Strange. 10．What was the most important factor that led to the inaccuracy of the earlier study? A．It was hard to predict as life could be very complex. B．There was insufficient participation from the families. C．The computational models were not powerful enough. D．The study lacked enough historical data on GPA trends. 11．What can we learn about learning error in paragraph 4? A．It is caused by the existence of numerous variables. B．It occurs when scientists measure the outcomes. C．It is helpful for an algorithm to learn the pattern. D．It cannot be avoided by increasing sample size. 12．What was Sotoudeh’s attitude to qualitative research? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Disapproving. D．Casual. 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．A 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，尽管算法能预测某些结果，但预测孩子未来的GPA仍存在问题。这主要归因于两方面：不可减少的误差和学习误差。同时，定性研究也揭示了复杂社会现象的不可预测性。 9．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Can the path of a child’s life — things like their future grade point average (GPA) — be predicted (预测) using computer models?(一个孩子的人生道路——比如他们未来的平均绩点（GPA）——可以用计算机模型来预测吗？)”以及“In today’s digital world, algorithms (算法) can predict patient health outcomes and loan repayment likelihood.(在当今的数字世界中，算法可以预测患者的健康结果和贷款偿还的可能性)”可知，此处为从理论上讲，这个想法并不奇怪。由此推知，划线单词outlandish为“古怪的”意思，与D项Strange“奇怪的”意思相近。故选D 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“The findings suggest that the shortcomings in predicting outcomes wasn’t just about a lack of data or computational limits. Rather, that there is a fundamental limit on our ability to foretell the complexities of life.(研究结果表明，预测结果的缺点不仅仅是缺乏数据或计算限制。相反，我们预测生命复杂性的能力存在根本的局限性)”可知，导致早期研究不准确的最重要因素是这很难预测，因为生命可能非常复杂。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“But when there are too many variables, sometimes algorithms can learn the wrong pattern, says Lundberg. (但当变量太多时，有时算法会学习到错误的模式，伦德伯格说)”可知，从第四段中我们可以了解到学习误差的根本原因是由众多变量的存在引起的。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The new findings also highlight the value of qualitative (定性的) research — conducting interviews and talking with human beings can yield insights that a quantitative approach can’t.(新的发现还强调了定性研究的价值——进行访谈和与人交谈可以获得定量方法无法获得的见解)”可推知，Sotoudeh对定性研究是支持的态度。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·黑龙江绥化·期中） Many of us like to watch and post short videos. But can we share whatever we like, even with the wrong information? A blogger said sorry for one video she posted on Feb 16. In the video, she said that she had found a student’s holiday workbook and said the student’s name was Qin Lang. Many Internet users checked the student’s name, grade, and school. They found out the video might not be real. In a new video, the blogger claimed that she had given the wrong information to protect the student’s privacy (隐私) . Some people might think it’s not a big deal if you make a video with the wrong information. They believe that saying sorry will fix everything. But it’s not that simple. According to the Law on Penalties for Administration of Public Security (《治安管理处罚法》) , if the videos don’t care about the truth and disturb public order, their makers will get punished. It’s important to be creative when people make short videos. However, it is not OK to make up stories and break the law. As early as 2000, the State Council issued the Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services (《互联网信息服务管理办法》) . It bans spreading rumors and disturbing the social order. If you break the law, you could get in trouble. For example, you might get your social media account stopped, have to pay fines, get detained or even go to jail. Eleven online celebrities in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture in Sichuan were arrested in 2023 for selling fake products in videos. They got sentences from 8 months to 3 years and 2 months in jail. 13．Why does the writer use the blogger’s event in Paragraph 2? A．Because she was punished by the police. B．Because she shared someone’s information. C．Because she put wrong information in her video. D．Because she protected a student’s privacy. 14．What does the underlined word “rumors” probably mean? A．Personal information. B．Creative stories. C．Online short videos. D．Stories that may not be real. 15．According to the article, what can happen if someone spreads rumors on the Internet? A．They will be forced to apologize publicly on social media. B．They might face legal actions, such as fines or imprisonment. C．They will be asked to take educational courses on proper Internet use. D．Their video content will be labeled as fake news with a warning. 16．What online activities break the law, according to the story? a. Fooling viewers.                 b. Sharing one’s problems. c. Selling fake products.         d. Writing stories. A．ab B．ac C．bc D．bd 【答案】13．C 14．D 15．B 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一个博主因发布了含虚假信息的短视频而道歉，讨论了关于在网络上发布错误信息的问题，并指出散布谣言和破坏社会秩序的法律后果。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Many Internet users checked the student’s name, grade, and school. They found out the video might not be real. In a new video, the blogger claimed that she had given the wrong information to protect the student’s privacy (隐私) . (许多网民查看了该学生的姓名、年级和学校。他们发现视频可能不是真的。在一段新的视频中，博主声称她为了保护学生的隐私而提供了错误的信息)”以及第三段中“Some people might think it’s not a big deal if you make a video with the wrong information.(有些人可能会认为，如果你用错误的信息制作视频，这没什么大不了的。)”可知，作者使用这个博主的事件为例子是因为该博主在她的视频里分享了虚假的信息。故选C。 14．词句猜测题。根据划线处上段中“However, it is not OK to make up stories and break the law.(然而，编造故事和违反法律是不可以的)”、划线词前“It bans spreading(它禁止传播)”以及后面的“and disturbing the social order(扰乱社会秩序)”可知，此处指禁止传播编造的虚假故事，即谣言，故此处rumors可能意为“可能不是真实的故事”。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“If you break the law, you could get in trouble. For example, you might get your social media account stopped, have to pay fines, get detained or even go to jail. (如果你触犯法律，你可能会有麻烦。例如，你的社交媒体账户可能会被冻结，必须支付罚款，被拘留甚至入狱)”可知，如果一个人在网上散布谣言，他可能会面临法律诉讼，比如罚款或监禁。故选B。 16．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“According to the Law on Penalties for Administration of Public Security (《治安管理处罚法》) , if the videos don’t care about the truth and disturb public order, their makers will get punished. (根据《治安管理处罚法》，如果视频不关心事实真相，扰乱公共秩序，其制作者将受到处罚。)”以及文章最后一段“Eleven online celebrities in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture in Sichuan were arrested in2023 for selling fake products in videos. (2023年，四川凉山彝族自治州的11名网红因在视频中销售假冒产品而被捕)”可知，愚弄观众和销售伪劣商品的网上活动是违法的。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中） Soon, every seat on an airplane could be a window seat! New concept designs are revealing how travelers will be able to watch the stars above in future airplanes. Aerospace giant Airbus is showing off its vision of next-gen cabins (客舱), which include an all-round view of clouds as you jet through them. The Airspace Cabin Vision 2035+ concept also lets passengers tap on smart interactive windows that show travel time and let you explore your destination city. The French company also says passengers will enjoy a greater choice of meals thanks to new pre-ordering concepts. They believe that, by collecting your meal at the gate, food and packaging waste could be reduced by up to 15 percent. The company explains their ethos is “to reduce emissions (排放) at heart”. “Right now, research shows the cabin can contribute between 10% and 20% to the aircraft’s overall environmental impact during its lifecycle,” Airbus officials write. “Putting a focus on reducing this, Airbus brought together ten airlines and eight technology companies to feed into a vision that rethinks the way the cabin should look and feel, maintaining superior passenger comfort.” Airbus found that one of the biggest measures in the cabin for reducing emissions is lightweight solutions. To achieve this, efforts should be focused on creating lighter “bionic designs” that will help reduce cabin weight by up to 40 percent. “As the world shifts to a more circular (循环的) economy, we are rethinking the materials used inside the cabin so they’re able to be recycled, reused and repaired during their lifecycle. This is also a key part of the 2035+ vision,” Airbus officials explain. “Cabin inside and parts will be developed for current aircraft using new materials and a complete introduction of these will be rolled out with the next generation aircraft.” 17．What can we know about the next-gen cabins from the first two paragraphs? A．They will be made of glasses. B．They will shorten travel time greatly. C．They will reduce food waste to some extent. D．They will provide whatever food passengers want. 18．What does the underlined word “ethos” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Advice. B．Film. C．Loss. D．Idea. 19．What can be inferred about the future materials used inside the cabin? A．They are cheaper. B．They are more eco-friendly. C．They are more convenient. D．They are more available. 20．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To advertise some new flights. B．To call on people to live a greener life. C．To introduce new design ideas of a plane. D．To explain how to make planes smarter. 【答案】17．C 18．D 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了空中客车公司对下一代飞机客舱的概念设计。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The French company also says passengers will enjoy a greater choice of meals thanks to new pre-ordering concepts. They believe that, by collecting your meal at the gate, food and packaging waste could be reduced by up to 15 percent. (这家法国公司还表示，由于新的预订单概念，乘客将有更多的食物选择。他们认为，在登机口领取餐食，食物和包装垃圾可以减少高达15%。)”可知，下一代飞机客舱将在一定程度上减少食物浪费。故选C。 18．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“The Airspace Cabin Vision 2035+ concept also lets passengers tap on smart interactive windows that show travel time and let you explore your destination city. The French company also says passengers will enjoy a greater choice of meals thanks to new pre-ordering concepts. They believe that, by collecting your meal at the gate, food and packaging waste could be reduced by up to 15 percent. (Airspace Cabin Vision 2035+概念还允许乘客点击显示旅行时间的智能交互式窗口，让您探索目的地城市。这家法国公司还表示，由于新的预订概念，乘客将享受更多的餐点选择。他们认为，通过在登机口收集您的餐食，可以减少高达 15% 的食物和包装浪费。)”和下文“to reduce emissions at heart (从心底里要减少排放)”可知，该理念是要在下一代飞机客舱将在一定程度上减少食物浪费，“从心底里减少排放”是这家公司的理念，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“理念”意义相似。故选D。 19．推理判断题。根据第六段的““As the world shifts to a more circular (循环的) economy, we are rethinking the materials used inside the cabin so they’re able to be recycled, reused and repaired during their lifecycle. This is also a key part of the 2035+ vision,” Airbus officials explain. (“随着世界经济向更循环的经济转变，我们正在重新考虑机舱内使用的材料，以便它们能够在其生命周期内被回收、再利用和修复。这也是2035+愿景的关键部分，”空客官员解释说。)”可知，空客官员解释说他们正在重新考虑机舱内使用的材料，以便它们能够在其生命周期内被回收、再利用和修复，由此可知，未来的飞机客舱内使用的材料更环保。故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据第一段的“New concept designs are revealing how travelers will be able to watch the stars above in future airplanes. Aerospace giant Airbus is showing off its vision of next-gen cabins (客舱), which include an all-round view of clouds as you jet through them. (新的概念设计揭示了乘客在未来的飞机上如何仰望星空。航空巨头空中客车公司正在展示其对下一代机舱的设想，其中包括当你穿过云层时的全方位视野。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了空中客车公司对下一代飞机客舱的概念设计，包括智能互动窗户、减少食物浪费以及更环保的材料等新设计理念，因此文章的目的是介绍飞机的新设计思想。故选C。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁沈阳·期中） Sydney’s cockatoos (凤头鹦鹉) are locked in a bitter struggle (斗争) with humans to get access to their rubbish bins (垃圾箱). Food waste - most likely bread - is their goal. Following reports of these clever cockatoos learning to open bins ten years ago, researchers including Dr Barbara Klump from Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, surveyed Sydney communities. In their study, researchers found one in ten cockatoos would learn how to open a bin. Other members of the group would observe these actions and learn from them. “The cockatoos learn the behaviour from observing other cockatoos and within each group they have their own special techniques, so across a wide geographic range, the techniques are more dissimilar,” says Klump. Cockatoos make a lot of mess when they open bins and take all the rubbish out, so of course, the local people are not too happy about it. They have started to protect their bins and use a variety of different measures to try to keep those cockatoos out. When one form of protection failed, people would try changing their ways, and just as the birds learn how to open the lids from their fellows, householders pick up more effective tips from neighbours. “It’s not just social learning on the cockatoo side, but it’s also social learning on the human side,” Klump says. Human-animal contact will become more often as humans push further and further into wildlife habitats (栖息地). The war between people, their bins, and hungry cockatoos shows the reality that the nation’s cities have intruded (侵入) so far into cockatoos’ habitats that they have become urbanised (城市化) without their natural habitats. “As cities grow, we will have more contact with wildlife and I’m hoping there will be a better understanding and more love for the animals we share our lives with,” Klump says. 21．What can be learned about cockatoos? A．Cockatoos are liked by people. B．Cockatoos have the ability of social learning. C．All the cockatoos can open dustbins. D．Cockatoos feed mainly on waste fish. 22．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．Habitats. B．Cockatoos. C．People. D．Cities. 23．What is Klump’s hope? A．Humans should stay away from animal habitats. B．Humans should be more friendly to animals. C．Humans should build less wildlife parks. D．Humans should learn from animals. 24．Which is the main idea of the text? A．Cockatoos search food waste for fun. B．Cockatoos have nowhere to live now. C．Cockatoos get food from kind humans. D．Cockatoos fight with humans to break into their bins. 【答案】21．B 22．B 23．B 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在悉尼的郊区，当地居民与打开垃圾桶盖子觅食的凤头鹦鹉之间展开了一场激烈的斗争，他们斗智斗勇，不断更新自己的技能。 21．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In their study, researchers found one in ten cockatoos would learn how to open a bin. Other members of the group would observe these actions and learn from them. ( 在他们的研究中，研究人员发现十分之一的凤头鹦鹉会学会如何打开箱子。小组的其他成员会观察这些行为并从中学习)”和第三段“The cockatoos learn the behaviour from observing other cockatoos (凤头鹦鹉通过观察其他凤头鹦鹉来学习这种行为)”可知，鹦鹉有很强的社会学习能力。故选B项。 22．词句猜测题。根据第六段“The war between people, their bins, and hungry cockatoos shows the reality that the nation’s cities have intruded (侵入) so far into cockatoos’ habitats that they have become urbanised (城市化) without their natural habitats. (人类、垃圾箱和饥饿的凤头鹦鹉之间的战争表明，这个国家的城市已经侵入了凤头鹦鹉的栖息地，以至于它们已经在没有自然栖息地的情况下城市化了。)”可知，凤头鹦鹉已经在没有自然栖息地的情况下城市化了。they指代的是cockatoos。故选B项。 23．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I’m hoping there will be a better understanding and more love for the animals we share our lives with (我希望人们能更好地理解和爱护与我们共同生活的动物)”可知, Klump的希望是人们能更好地理解和爱护与我们共同生活的动物，即人类应该对动物更加友好一些。故选B项。 24．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Sydney's cockatoos are locked in a bitter struggle with humans to get access to their rubbish bins. ( 悉尼的凤头鹦鹉为了进入人类的垃圾箱，与人类展开了激烈的斗争。)”可知，本文介绍的是凤头鹦鹉与当地居民就打开垃圾桶盖子觅食而展开的“激烈斗争”。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·吉林长春·期中） Cows produce much methane (甲烷), the world’s second worst greenhouse gas, as they break down the grass. They are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Now scientists have shown the pollution from cows can be reduced by adding a little seaweed (海藻) to their food. Recently, the researchers from the University of California studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood (罩), which allowed the scientists to know the amount of the methane the cows were giving off. They used a small amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows’ food. The results were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months, the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows* stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. What’s more, the cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows. But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there’s not enough seaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed. A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in the fields, where they eat grass. That means there’s no chance to feed them seaweed every day. Still, it’s very good news that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis. 25．Why did the researchers carry out the study? A．To improve the cows’ welfare. B．To test the effects of the seaweed, C．To measure the amount of methane produced by cows. D．To discover healthier grass to reduce the pollution from cows. 26．What’s the third paragraph mainly about? A．The results of the study. B．The process of the research. C．The content of the experiment. D．The information of the subjects. 27．What is the biggest challenge in the researchers’ opinion? A．Seaweed is pretty rare in the world. B．It’s hard to mix seaweed with grass. C．Cows fed with seaweed gained weight easily. D．Cows can hardly have daily access to seaweed. 28．What is the author’s attitude towards the findings? A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Positive. 【答案】25．B 26．A 27．D 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家们已经证明，通过在牛的食物中添加一点海藻，可以减少来自牛的污染。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段的“They used a small amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows’ food.(他们使用了少量的海藻，并将其与牛的食物混合)”和第三段的“The results were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane.(结果出乎意料的好。在某些情况下，奶牛产生的甲烷减少了82%。这种改善取决于喂给奶牛的食物种类。即使是污染最严重的奶牛产生的甲烷也减少了33%)”可知，研究人员进行这项研究是为了来测试海藻的效果。故选B。 26．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“The results were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months, the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows* stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. What’s more, the cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows.(结果出乎意料地好。在某些情况下，奶牛产生的甲烷减少了82%。这种改善取决于喂给牛的食物。即使是污染最严重的奶牛产生的甲烷也少了33%。在这五个月里，科学家们没有看到任何迹象表明奶牛的胃开始适应海藻，并开始再次产生更多的甲烷。更重要的是，饲喂海藻的奶牛和其他奶牛增重一样多)”可知，第三段主要讲的是这项研究的结果。故选A。 27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in the fields, where they eat grass. That means there’s no chance to feed them seaweed every day.(更大的问题是，牛大部分时间都生活在田野里，吃草。这意味着它们没有机会每天喂海藻)”可知，研究人员认为最大的挑战是奶牛很难每天吃到海藻。故选D。 28．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Still, it’s very good news that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.(尽管如此，正如研究表明的那样，像喂牛海藻这样简单的事情可以帮助减少一些导致气候危机的污染)”可知，作者认为给牛喂海藻可以减少污染，因此作者对这些发现的态度是积极的，故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·辽宁大连·期中） Farming is destroying the planet, but there could be a much more environmentally friendly way to feed ourselves: using renewable energy to turn carbon dioxide into food. “This is becoming a reality,” says Pasi Vainikka at Solar Foods, a company that is building the first commercial-scale factory that will be able to make food directly from CO2. There can be no doubt that immediate attention to find greener ways to grow food is required. Conventional agriculture, including organic farming, causes damage to the environment in many ways. It requires a lot of land, leading to habitat loss and deforestation. It is also the source of a third of all greenhouse gas emissions and releases other pollutants. It isn’t very efficient, either. Crops typically transform less than 1 percent of light energy into usable biomass (生物量). Instead, Solar Foods plans to avoid photosynthesis (光合作用) altogether, and grow bacteria that use hydrogen as their source of energy. At the factory, renewable electricity will be used to split water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen will be added to large containers, where the bacteria grow, along with CO2 and ammonia (氨气). The end result will be a yellow powder called Solein. Solein is made of bacterial cells and is up to 70 percent protein. It can be used as an ingredient in all kinds of foods. “We are aiming at replacing animal-sourced proteins, which we think have the highest environmental impact,” says Vainikka. Compared with plant crops, Solein will use 100 times less water per kilogram of protein produced, 20 times less land and emit a fifth as much CO2, according to Solar Foods. There are other benefits, too: factories could be situated anywhere in the world and production won’t be affected by weather conditions. “With Solar Foods and other companies scaling up their systems, this is truly beginning a new era of agriculture,” says Dorian Leger at Connectomix Bio in Germany. “I think these trends are exciting and will help bend the carbon curve as well as lead to improved global food supply security.” 29．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning conventional agriculture in paragraph 2? A．To investigate its influence on crops. B．To compare different farming methods. C．To highlight the urgent need for alternatives. D．To provide an example of agricultural types. 30．What is mainly presented in paragraph 3 about Solein? A．Its production process. B．Its storage condition. C．Things used to make it. D．The potential impact of it. 31．All of the following are the features of Solein except . A．It is protein-rich B．Its production is weather sensitive C．It is resource-efficient D．Its production is location-independent 32．Which statement would Dorian Leger probably agree with? A．The use of Solein may help reduce carbon emissions. B．Solein will control the agricultural development. C．Solein can help achieve global food safety. D．The prospect (前景) of Solein remains to be seen. 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．B 32．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Solar Foods公司开发的一种新技术，通过使用可再生能源和细菌将CO2转化为富含蛋白质的粉末Solein，实现更环保的食物生产方式。 29．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Farming is destroying the planet, but there could be a much more environmentally friendly way to feed ourselves: using renewable energy to turn carbon dioxide into food. (农业正在摧毁地球，但可能有一种更环保的方式来养活自己：使用可再生能源将二氧化碳转化为食物)”及第二段中“Conventional agriculture, including organic farming, causes damage to the environment in many ways. It requires a lot of land, leading to habitat loss and deforestation. It is also the source of a third of all greenhouse gas emissions and releases other pollutants. It isn’t very efficient, either. Crops typically transform less than 1 percent of light energy into usable biomass(生物量). (传统农业，包括有机农业，在许多方面对环境造成破坏。它需要大量土地，导致栖息地丧失和森林砍伐。它也是三分之一的温室气体排放源，并释放其他污染物。它也不是很有效。农作物通常将不到1%的光能转化为可用的生物量)”可知，作者提及传统农业的这些弊端，就是为了突出寻找其替代方式的紧迫性，所以目的是强调对替代方式的迫切需求。故选C项。 30．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Instead, Solar Foods plans to avoid photosynthesis (光合作用) altogether, and grow bacteria that use hydrogen as their source of energy. At the factory, renewable electricity will be used to split water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen will be added to large containers, where the bacteria grow, along with CO2 and ammonia (氨气). The end result will be a yellow powder called Solein. (相反，Solar Foods公司计划完全避开光合作用，培养以氢气为能源的细菌。在工厂里，可再生电力将被用于分解水以产生氢气和氧气。氢气将被添加到大型容器中，细菌在其中生长，同时还有二氧化碳和氨气。最终的结果将是一种被称为Solein的黄色粉末)”可知，该段主要呈现的是Solein的生产过程。故选A项。 31．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Solein is made of bacterial cells and is up to 70 percent protein. (Solein由细菌细胞组成，含有高达70%的蛋白质)”可知Solein富含蛋白质，第五段“Compared with plant crops, Solein will use 100 times less water per kilogram of protein produced, 20 times less land and emit a fifth as much CO2, according to Solar Foods. There are other benefits, too: factories could be situated anywhere in the world and production won't be affected by weather conditions. (据Solar Foods称，与植物作物相比，Solein每生产一公斤蛋白质的用水量将减少100倍，土地将减少20倍，二氧化碳排放量将减少五分之一。还有其他好处：工厂可以位于世界任何地方，并且生产不会受到天气条件的影响)”可知它资源利用高效，且其生产不受地理位置和天气条件限制，即它的生产对天气敏感。故选B项。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ I think these trends are exciting and will help bend the carbon curve as well as lead to improved global food supply security. (我认为这些趋势令人兴奋，将有助于弯曲碳曲线，并改善全球粮食供应安全)”可知，Dorian Leger认为这种应用有助于改变碳曲线，即Solein的使用可能有助于减少碳排放。故选A项。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁沈阳·期中） Many of us suffer (受苦) needlessly when it comes to our well-being or physical health, That’s because we don’t know how to keep a healthy lifestyle. If we learn how to keep healthy, our lives would be so much more enjoyable. With so many places to find a fast meal, it is hard to keep control of your eating habits. We do need food to provide the energy for our bodies need, but it is our choices that help or harm us. From increasingly large burgers to fried chicken, we are attacked with endless quick meals. However, we must give our body what it needs to get healthy and not what our taste buds (味蕾) want. The other key to keeping healthy is exercise. You don’t have to be a gym rat, but you must develop some type of workout. It can be something as little as walking. Exercising just 30 minutes of your day is all you really need if you want to stay healthy. You can do as little as 3 to 4 days a week. Our bodies are not strong enough to deal with endless stress. Endless stress can lead to a rise in blood pressure which increases your chance for a stroke (中风) or a heart attack. It also influences the blood cells (细胞) that help fight infections. These weak cells leave you helpless against common colds, other illnesses, and medical conditions. Therefore, you should learn to relax yourself by spending some time every day chatting with your family, playing with your friends or just watching a film or listening to some soft music. There is no big secret on how to keep healthy. If you take care of your body, it will do the same for you in return. It is best that you take every possible measure to lead a healthy lifestyle. Keep healthy by treating your body right. 33．Why do many people eat fast food according to the text? A．It is good for our health. B．The price is very low. C．There are lots of fast food restaurants. D．People are unwilling to cook. 34．What should we do to keep healthy? A．Eat whatever we like. B．Never go to the gym. C．Spend time with your workmates. D．Do exercise 3 or 4 days a week. 35．What does the underlined word “infections” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．Fears. B．Rights. C．Illnesses. D．Wars. 36．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce the ways of spending time with family members. B．To give some advice on keeping a healthy lifestyle. C．To show the importance of having a strict diet. D．To encourage people to listen to music. 【答案】33．C 34．D 35．C 36．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要从饮食、锻炼以及如何处理压力等方面提出了一些保持健康生活方式的建议。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“With so many places to find a fast meal, it is hard to keep control of your eating habits. (有这么多地方可以找到快餐，很难控制你的饮食习惯)”可知，因为有很多地方可以找到快餐，所以很多人难以控制饮食习惯而去吃快餐，即有很多快餐店，故选C项。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Exercising just 30 minutes of your day is all you really need if you want to stay healthy. You can do as little as 3 to 4 days a week. (如果你想保持健康，每天只需锻炼30分钟就足够了。你一周可以只锻炼3到4天)”可知，为了保持健康，每周锻炼3到4天就可以，故选D项。 35．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Endless stress can lead to a rise in blood pressure which increases your chance for a stroke (中风) or a heart attack. It also influences the blood cells (细胞) that help fight infections. These weak cells leave you helpless against common colds, other illnesses, and medical conditions. (无尽的压力会导致血压升高，从而增加中风或心脏病发作的风险。它还会影响有助于抵抗……的血细胞。这些虚弱的细胞会让你在普通感冒、其他疾病和身体状况面前束手无策)”可知，这些脆弱的细胞会让你在面对普通感冒、其他疾病和医疗状况时无能为力，而前面提到压力会影响帮助抵抗感染的血细胞，所以这里的infections应该和illnesses意思相近，即疾病，故选C项。 36．推理判断题。根据全文内容及最后一段“There is no big secret on how to keep healthy. If you take care of your body, it will do the same for you in return. It is best that you take every possible measure to lead a healthy lifestyle. Keep healthy by treating your body right.(保持健康并没有什么大的秘密。如果你照顾好自己的身体，身体也会同样照顾你。最好采取一切可能的措施来过上健康的生活。通过正确对待你的身体来保持健康)”可知，文章第一段指出很多人因为不知道如何保持健康的生活方式而受苦，接着从饮食、锻炼和缓解压力等方面给出了保持健康的建议，最后强调要通过正确对待身体来保持健康，所以文章的目的是就保持健康的生活方式给出一些建议，故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·辽宁·期中） As summer gives way to autumn, many of us long for warmth and sunlight. It is common for some of us to feel upset when the days get shorter. People call this phenomenon autumn sadness. While autumn sadness is a common seasonal feeling we have as sunlight comes in shorter supply, for some people, it takes on a more serious form known as seasonal affective disorder, or SAD． SAD, a form of depression (抑郁症), mostly starts in late autumn or early winter and goes away in spring and summer. People who have SAD typically oversleep, overeat, and lose interest in activities they once enjoyed. Generally, almost all people suffering from SAD feel sad, helpless, and even desperate. The exact cause of SAD is not yet completely understood, but several factors have been linked to its development. Johns Hopkins University suggests that reduced exposure (接触) to natural light during the autumn and winter months may disrupt the body’s internal clock and the hormones (荷尔蒙) produced, such as melatonin (褪黑素) and serotonin (血清素), which are related to sleep and emotions, respectively. This disruption can lead to depression. Addressing SAD often requires medical help. Light therapy is a common and effective treatment. Patients are advised to expose themselves to sunlight or man-made light that imitates natural sunlight. Light therapy can help regulate patients’ hormones and get their lives back on track. Moreover, living a healthier life, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, taking part in regular physical activity, and having a balanced diet, can help manage SAD．But it’s also important that people seek help from a medical professional to determine the most suitable treatment plan for their specific needs. It is worth noticing that, according to the National Institute of Mental Health of the US, in most cases, SAD begins in young adulthood. So, while embracing (接受) knowledge in books and classes, don’t forget to embrace the sunlight outdoors and get energy from nature! 37．What do we know about SAD? A．It usually starts in early autumn. B．It can lead to long- term depression. C．Its main symptoms include feeling sad. D．It is most commonly found in older people. 38．According to Johns Hopkins University, what is a possible cause of SAD? A．An unbalanced diet. B．A lack of sunlight. C．An irregular sleep schedule. D．A lack of physical exercise. 39．What do paragraphs 5 and 6 mainly talk about? A．How people can deal with SAD． B．What people with SAD have in common. C．Who people with SAD can turn to for help. D．Why medical help is needed for people with SAD． 40．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Young adults are the only group affected by SAD． B．Embracing nature’s sunlight is enough to prevent SAD． C．It’s important for young adults to take outdoor activities. D．It’s never too late to embrace the beauty that nature offers. 【答案】37．C 38．B 39．A 40．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了季节性情绪失调（SAD）这一心理现象，包括其症状、可能的成因、治疗方法以及预防建议。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段“People who have SAD typically oversleep, overeat, and lose interest in activities they once enjoyed. Generally, almost all people suffering from SAD feel sad, helpless, and even desperate.(患有SAD的人通常会睡过头，吃得过饱，对曾经喜欢的活动失去兴趣。一般来说，几乎所有患有SAD的人都会感到悲伤、无助，甚至绝望)”可知，SAD的主要症状包括悲伤，故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据第四段“Johns Hopkins University suggests that reduced exposure (接触) to natural light during the autumn and winter months may disrupt the body’s internal clock and the hormones (荷尔蒙) produced, such as melatonin (褪黑素) and serotonin (血清素), which are related to sleep and emotions, respectively. This disruption can lead to depression.(约翰霍普金斯大学认为，秋冬季节减少自然光照射可能会扰乱人体的生物钟和产生的激素，如褪黑激素和血清素，这两种激素分别与睡眠和情绪有关。这种混乱会导致抑郁)”可知，约翰斯·霍普金斯大学认为SAD的一个可能原因是缺乏阳光，故选B。 39．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Addressing SAD often requires medical help. Light therapy is a common and effective treatment.(解决SAD通常需要医疗帮助。光疗是一种常见而有效的治疗方法)”以及第六段“Moreover, living a healthier life, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, taking part in regular physical activity, and having a balanced diet, can help manage SAD.(此外，过健康的生活，如保持有规律的睡眠时间，参加有规律的体育活动，均衡的饮食，可以帮助控制SAD)”可知，第五段和第六段主要讲的是人们如何应对SAD，故选A。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is worth noticing that, according to the National Institute of Mental Health of the US, in most cases, SAD begins in young adulthood. So, while embracing (接受) knowledge in books and classes, don’t forget to embrace the sunlight outdoors and get energy from nature!(值得注意的是，根据美国国家心理健康研究所的数据，在大多数情况下，SAD始于成年初期。所以，在书本和课堂上接受知识的同时，别忘了拥抱户外的阳光，从大自然中获取能量！)”可推断出，对年轻人来说，参加户外活动很重要，故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·辽宁·期中） With digital learning gaining popularity, some students choose to learn from home using computers and the internet. They used websites and digital books instead of paper ones. But are they learning as well as they think? Studies show that reading on paper is easier to understand than reading on a screen. Anne Mangen, a literacy professor at the University of Stavanger in Norway, says reading on paper is calm and attracts our attention, unlike the reading on a screen. Experts say that while screens are good for quick news, complex texts are better on paper. They help us remember details better. A study by Lauren Singer Trakhman found that students understood the main ideas whether they read on paper or a screen, but they missed small details on screens. Reading on screens might make us read faster but not as deeply. Our brains might be getting used to quick information from digital media and not thinking carefully about what we read. Some research shows that our brains react differently to paper and screens. Reading on paper can make us feel more and understand the space around us better. So what can we do? We shouldn't stop using screens, but we should think about what we read on them. Singer Trakhman says she uses her Kindle for fun but turns to paper for serious reading. To remember what we read on screens, we can try writing down the main points by hand. It might help us remember better than typing. And sometimes, turning off our devices and reading a real book can be very nice. 41．What does Anne Mangen think of reading on paper? A．It is better for reading quick news. B．It brings peaceful reading experience. C．It provides a new adventure for readers. D．It helps to improve communication abilities. 42．Why might students miss details when reading on screens? A．Screens make the text harder to read. B．The text on screens is usually less detailed. C．Students tend to read quickly and not think deeply. D．Screens make it difficult to understand the main ideas. 43．What can be inferred from Lauren Singer Trakhman's reading habits? A．She hardly uses screens in daily reading. B．She likes using Kindle for all types of reading. C．She thinks Kindles are suitable for serious reading. D．She prefers to use paper for challenging literature. 44．Which is the best title for this passage? A．The Advantages Digital Learning Brings B．Reading on Paper vs. Reading on Screens C．How Reading on Paper Shapes Students D．The Importance of Online Learning at Home 【答案】41．B 42．C 43．D 44．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要比较纸质书和电子书的不同之处。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段“Anne Mangen, a literacy professor at the University of Stavanger in Norway, says reading on paper is calm and attracts our attention, unlike the reading on a screen. (挪威斯塔万格大学的文学教授安妮·曼根表示，与在屏幕上阅读不同，在纸上阅读很平静，而且能吸引我们的注意力。)”可知，纸质书更能让我们静下心来阅读。故选B。 42．细节理解题。根据第三段“A study by Lauren Singer Trakhman found that students understood the main ideas whether they read on paper or a screen, but they missed small details on screens. Reading on screens might make us read faster but not as deeply. (劳伦·辛格·特拉克曼的一项研究发现，无论是在纸上阅读还是在屏幕上阅读，学生都能理解主要思想，但他们会错过屏幕上的一些小细节。)”可知，屏幕阅读速度快，但不利于深度思考。故选C。 43．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Singer Trakhman says she uses her Kindle for fun but turns to paper for serious reading. (辛格·特拉克曼说，她用Kindle是为了娱乐，但在严肃的阅读中，她会转向纸质书。)”可知，她习惯用纸质书阅读严肃读物。阅读挑战性的文学读物属于严肃阅读，所以可以推断在读挑战性的文学时，她倾向于用纸质书。故选D。 44．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With digital learning gaining popularity, some students choose to learn from home using computers and the internet. They used websites and digital books instead of paper ones.( 随着数字化学习的普及，一些学生选择使用电脑和互联网在家学习。他们使用网站和电子书，而不是纸质书。)”及全文可知，文章主要比较纸质书和电子书的不同之处，所以B项“Reading on Paper vs. Reading on Screens(纸质阅读vs.屏幕阅读)”作本文标题最佳。故选B。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·吉林白城·期中） One popular tool to help people understand their influence on climate change is a carbon footprint calculator (碳足迹计算器). There are many of these calculators online. You can enter details like what type of transportation you use to go to work, how often you eat red meat, and if you wash your clothes in cold water. But some people think that focusing on your carbon footprint is not very useful. Instead, a new idea called the climate shadow (阴影) has become popular. This idea was first introduced by a writer named Emma Pattee from Portland, Oregon. The climate shadow looks at all of a person's choices and their influence on the planet. The bigger the shadow, the more positive influence a person has on the planet. Pattee explained her idea, “Your climate shadow is like a dark shape that follows you everywhere. It counts not only how much air conditioning you use and how much gas your car uses, but also how you vote, how many children you have, where you work, how you invest your money, how much you talk about climate change, and whether your words make people feel urgent, indifferent, or in denial about climate change.” For example, if you put solar panels (太阳能电池板) on your roof, your carbon footprint might get smaller. But your climate shadow would get bigger if you talk to your neighbors about your choice. Even just having solar panels on your roof can influence your neighbors to get their own. Studies show that people are more likely to install solar panels if their neighbors have them. In other words, the climate shadow idea encourages actions that inspire others. Your climate shadow grows when your actions, even unknowingly, motivate others to take positive steps for the planet. 45．Who introduced the idea of the climate shadow? A．An environmental organization. B．A government organization. C．Emma Pattee. D．A group of scientists from Portland. 46．What does climate shadow focus more on compared with carbon footprint? A．The practical result. B．The use of energy. C．The scientific meaning. D．The social influence. 47．What does the underlined word “install” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Replace. B．Fix. C．Sell. D．Improve. 48．What is the best title for this text? A．Understanding Your Climate Shadow B．Reducing Your Carbon Footprint C．The Benefits of Solar Panels D．How to Use a Carbon Footprint Calculator 【答案】45．C 46．D 47．B 48．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 climate shadow(气候阴影)这一概念，并解释了它的影响和重要性。 45．细节理解题。根据第二段“But some people think that focusing on your carbon footprint is not very useful. Instead, a new idea called the climate shadow (阴影) has become popular. This idea was first introduced by a writer named Emma Pattee from Portland, Oregon.(但是有些人认为关注你的碳足迹并不是很有用。相反，一种叫做气候阴影的新想法开始流行起来。这个想法最初是由俄勒冈州波特兰市的一位名叫艾玛·帕蒂的作家提出的。)”可知，climate shadow这个概念是由Emma Pattee 引入的。故选C。 46．推理判断题。根据第五段“In other words, the climate shadow idea encourages actions that inspire others. Your climate shadow grows when your actions, even unknowingly, motivate others to take positive steps for the planet.(换句话说，气候阴影的想法鼓励了激励他人的行动。当你的行动，甚至在不知不觉中，激励他人为地球采取积极措施时，你的气候阴影就会增加。)”可知，相比于碳足迹概念，气候阴影这个概念聚焦于人们的行为对其他人的社会影响。故选D。 47．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“if their neighbors have them(如果他们的邻居有的话)”可知，如果邻居有太阳能电池板，人们更有可能安装太阳能电池板，所以 install 意为“安装”。故选B。 48．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“But some people think that focusing on your carbon footprint is not very useful. Instead, a new idea called the climate shadow (阴影) has become popular. This idea was first introduced by a writer named Emma Pattee from Portland, Oregon. The climate shadow looks at all of a person's choices and their influence on the planet. The bigger the shadow, the more positive influence a person has on the planet.(但是有些人认为关注你的碳足迹并不是很有用。相反，一种叫做气候阴影的新想法开始流行起来。这个想法最初是由俄勒冈州波特兰市的一位名叫艾玛·帕蒂的作家提出的。气候阴影关注的是一个人的所有选择及其对地球的影响。阴影越大，一个人对地球的积极影响就越大。)”以及后文可知，文章主要介绍了 climate shadow(气候阴影)这一概念,并解释了它的影响和重要性。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·辽宁辽阳·期中） John has been a devoted hockey (冰球) enthusiast. In the past around two decades back, John, a part of the local junior league team, The Rapid, was an influential ice hockey competitor in his hometown, even with a considerable group of admirers. However, a knee injury in his teenage years ended his hopes of a career on the ice. Years passed, and John grew into a successful businessman, but his love for hockey never disappeared. One day, he stumbled upon an opportunity to review his childhood passion. The Rapid was organizing a charity (慈善) game to raise money for the town’s youth sports program. John reached out to the team’s manager, Mr Smith, with a special request. He wanted to suit up and play as the goaltender (守门员) for one period of the game, just for the fun of it and to encourage the younger players. Mr Smith was delighted and quickly arranged for John to join the team for the day. The news that John would take part in the game spread like wildfire in the town, and the stadium was packed with excited supporters. On the big day, John put on his old, a bit worn but still cherished hockey equipment (装备). He stepped onto the ice, feeling a rush of emotions that he hadn’t felt in decades. The crowd burst into cheers as he faced the first shot, and with each save, the energy grew. After the game, John surprised everyone by donating his game-worn equipment and a generous check to the local youth sports program. “I may not have been able to become a professional,” he said, “but I’m happy to give back and help these kids chase their dreams.” People were deeply moved by John’s selflessness in supporting the next generation. It was a reminder that even when our own dreams seem out of reach, we can still make a difference to the lives of others. 49．What ended John’s career as a hockey player? A．Growing old. B．His business success. C．His knee condition. D．Not being interested. 50．Why did John want to play in the charity game? A．To show off his skill. B．To inspire the youth. C．To win his honor back. D．To make more money. 51．What did John do after the game? A．He decided to give up hockey ever since. B．He said sorry for not being professional. C．He asked to check up his own equipment. D．He gave away his equipment and money. 52．Which of the following can best describe John? A．Warm-hearted and helpful. B．Creative but mean. C．Hard-working and honest. D．Kind but impatient. 【答案】49．C 50．B 51．D 52．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。冰球爱好者John虽然未能实现自己的冰球职业梦想，但通过参与慈善比赛的方式支持下一代青少年去追求梦想。 49．细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“However, a knee injury in his teenage years ended his hopes of a career on the ice. (然而，十几岁时的一次膝盖受伤终结了他在冰上职业生涯的希望。)”可知，他的膝盖受伤结束了约翰的冰球运动员生涯。故选C项。 50．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“He wanted to suit up and play as the goaltender (守门员) for one period of the game, just for the fun of it and to encourage the younger players. (他想穿上队服，在比赛中担任一段时间的守门员，只是为了好玩，也为了鼓励年轻球员。)”可知，约翰参加慈善比赛是为了激励年轻球员。故选B项。 51．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“After the game, John surprised everyone by donating his game-worn equipment and a generous check to the local youth sports program. (比赛结束后，约翰把他的比赛装备和一张大额的支票捐给了当地的青少年体育项目，让所有人都大吃一惊。)”可知，比赛结束后约翰捐赠了他的设备和钱。故选D项。 52．推理判断题。通读全文可知，John虽然未能实现自己的冰球职业梦想，但通过参与慈善比赛的方式支持下一代青少年去追求梦想。由此可知，他是一个热心的、对他人有帮助的人。故选A项。。 主题03 人与自然——自然景观 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·黑龙江龙东联盟·期中） Insect numbers have dropped by half in some parts of the world due to climate change and intensive agriculture, a study has found. Preserving habitats (栖息地) for nature could help ensure vital insects thrive (兴旺). Lead researcher, Dr. Charlie Outhwaite, said losing insect populations could be harmful not only to the natural environment, but also to human health and food security, particularly with loss of pollinators (传粉者). “Our findings highlight the urgency of actions to preserve natural habitats, slow the expansion of high-intensity agriculture, and cut emissions to reduce climate change,” she added. In the latest study, the researchers pulled together data on the range and number of nearly 20,000 insect species, including bees, ants, butterflies, grasshoppers and dragonflies, at about 6,000 different locations. In areas with high-intensity agriculture and significant warming, insect numbers have dropped by 49% and the number of different species by 27%, compared with relatively untouched places that have so far avoided the severest effects of climate change, according to the research, published in Nature. But the researchers said that setting aside areas of land for nature could create a place for insects, which need shade to survive in hot weather. “Careful management of agricultural areas, such as preserving natural habitats near farmland, may help ensure that vital insects can still thrive,” said Dr. Tim Newbold. Study researcher Peter McCann added, “We need to acknowledge how important insects are for the environment as a whole, and for human health and well-being, in order to address the threats we pose to them before many species are lost forever.” 53．What has caused the fall of insect numbers? A．Climate change and farming. B．Planting more and more trees. C．Growing more and more grass. D．People’s hunting insects thoughtlessly. 54．How could losing insect populations have a bad influence? ①Being bad for people’s health. ②Being harmful to industrial products. ③Having a bad effect on food security. ④Doing harm to the natural environment. ⑤Having a bad influence on water quality. A．②④⑤ B．③④⑤ C．①②③ D．①③④ 55．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The results of the study. B．The problems with the study. C．What influences insects may have. D．What kinds of insects were included. 56．Why should areas of land for nature be set aside according to Dr. Tim Newbold? A．To supply fresh air. B．To provide shade. C．To provide earth. D．To supply energy. 【答案】53．A 54．D 55．A 56．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现，由于气候变化和集约化农业，全球部分地区昆虫数量减少了一半，对环境和人类健康构成威胁，研究人员呼吁采取积极措施保护昆虫。 53．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Insect numbers have dropped by half in some parts of the world due to climate change and intensive agriculture, a study has found. (一项研究发现，由于气候变化和集约化农业，世界上一些地区的昆虫数量减少了一半)”可知，气候变化和农业导致昆虫数量下降。故选A项。 54．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Lead researcher, Dr. Charlie Outhwaite, said losing insect populations could be harmful not only to the natural environment, but also to human health and food security, particularly with loss of pollinators (传粉者). (首席研究员Charlie Outhwaite博士说，昆虫数量的减少不仅对自然环境有害，而且对人类健康和粮食安全有害，特别是传粉者的减少)”可知，昆虫数量减少会对人们的健康有害，对食品安全造成不良影响，对自然环境造成危害。故选D项。 55．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“In areas with high-intensity agriculture and significant warming, insect numbers have dropped by 49% and the number of different species by 27%, compared with relatively untouched places that have so far avoided the severest effects of climate change, according to the research, published in Nature. (发表在《自然》杂志上的这项研究表明，与迄今为止避免了最严重气候变化影响的相对未受影响的地区相比，在高强度农业和显著变暖的地区，昆虫数量下降了49%，不同物种数量下降了27%)”可知，本段主要呈现了该研究基于数据得出的结果。故选A项。 56．细节理解题。根据第四段中“But the researchers said that setting aside areas of land for nature could create a place for insects, which need shade to survive in hot weather. (但研究人员表示，为自然留出一些土地可能会为昆虫创造一个地方，昆虫需要阴凉处才能在炎热的天气中生存)”可知，留出一些自然用地可以为昆虫提供阴凉，使其生存下去。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·吉林白城·期中） Dogs have been humans’ best friends for thousands of years, and their ability to understand us goes more than just following orders. Dogs are really good at understanding how humans feel. They’ve learned to pick up on words and facial expressions from humans. A recent study has shown that dogs can actually smell human stress and respond (回应) to it in ways that suggest a close relationship with us humans. This interesting discovery throws light on how deeply close our lives have become with our dog friends. So, can dogs really smell stress? The answer is yes! Researchers at the University of Bristol did a study where they found that dogs can sense stress through a chemical called cortisol (皮质醇) in our sweat (汗). This ability allows them to respond emotionally to human stress. In the study, 18 dogs and their owners took part, along with 11 volunteers who didn’t know the dogs. These volunteers went through public speaking and took tests of solving difficult math problems without any preparation. Their worry made more cortisol appear in their sweat. When the dogs smelled this stressed sweat. they felt less curious and showed less interest in a food bowl in an uncertain position, as if they thought there was no food in those bowls. It seems that dogs can really feel the stress of humans and their own moods can be affected, too. This shows that humans and dogs have a very deep connection, where emotions can spread between us like a wave. Then how did dogs develop such ability to sense stress? Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dogs survive in the past. If they could tell when another member of their group was worried and stressed, they knew they might be at risk. As Zoe Parr-Cortes, lead study author and a Ph. D．student at Bristol Veterinary School, said, “Being able to sense stress from another member of the pack was likely beneficial.” 57．What does the recent study tell us about dogs? A．Their long history of development. B．Their various roles in human history. C．Their ability to learn human language. D．Their deeper connection with humans. 58．What did the volunteers need to do in the study? A．Calm dogs down. B．Test their own ability. C．Experience stress. D．Collect their own sweat. 59．Why might dogs have developed the ability to sense stress? A．To help them hunt for more food. B．To warn them of possible dangers. C．To guide them to respond to human orders. D．To allow them to connect with their group. 60．What can be the best title for the text? A．Dogs’ Unbelievable Ability to Sense Human Stress B．The Development of the Human- Dog Relationship C．Humans Sense Stress Through Their Beloved Dogs D．Dogs’ Stress Having an Influence on Human Behavior 【答案】57．D 58．C 59．B 60．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究表明，狗能通过人类汗液中的皮质醇感知人类的压力并对此做出反应。这进一步证明了人类与狗之间深厚的情感联系。 57．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A recent study has shown that dogs can actually smell human stress and respond (回应) to it in ways that suggest a close relationship with us humans. This interesting discovery throws light on how deeply close our lives have become with our dog friends.( 最近的一项研究表明，狗狗实际上可以闻到人类的压力，并以与人类关系密切的方式做出反应。这个有趣的发现揭示了我们与狗朋友的生活有多亲密。)”可知，最近的研究显示狗能闻到人类的压力并以与人类亲近的方式回应，这表明狗与人类之间有着更深的联系。因此，该研究告诉我们的是狗与人类之间的深层联系。故选D。 58．推理判断题。根据第三段中“These volunteers went through public speaking and took tests of solving difficult math problems without any preparation. Their worry made more cortisol appear in their sweat. When the dogs smelled this stressed sweat. they felt less curious and showed less interest in a food bowl in an uncertain position, as if they thought there was no food in those bowls. (这些志愿者在没有任何准备的情况下进行了公开演讲和解决数学难题的测试。他们的焦虑使他们的汗液中出现更多的皮质醇。当狗闻到这种压力时。他们对一个放在不确定位置的碗不那么好奇，也不那么感兴趣，就好像他们认为碗里没有食物一样。)”可知，在研究中，志愿者需要进行公开演讲和解决困难的数学问题的测试，这些都会让他们感到压力。因此，志愿者需要在研究中经历压力。故选C。 59．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dogs survive in the past. If they could tell when another member of their group was worried and stressed, they knew they might be at risk.(嗯，这可能是因为感知压力在过去帮助狗生存了下来。如果他们能分辨出小组中的另一个成员何时感到担忧和压力，他们就知道自己可能处于危险之中。)”可知，狗可能发展出感知压力的能力是为了警告他们可能的危险。如果狗能够察觉到他们的群体中的另一个成员感到担心和压力，他们就知道自己可能处于危险之中。因此，狗发展出这种能力是为了保护自己。故选B。 60．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A recent study has shown that dogs can actually smell human stress and respond (回应) to it in ways that suggest a close relationship with us humans. This interesting discovery throws light on how deeply close our lives have become with our dog friends.( 最近的一项研究表明，狗狗实际上可以闻到人类的压力，并以与人类关系密切的方式做出反应。这个有趣的发现揭示了我们与狗朋友的生活有多亲密。)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项研究，研究表明，狗能通过人类汗液中的皮质醇感知人类的压力并对此做出反应即文章主要讲述了狗能够感知人类压力的能力。因此A选项“Dogs’ Unbelievable Ability to Sense Human Stress(狗不可思议的感知人类压力的能力)”能够概括文章的主要内容，符合标题。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·吉林长春·期中） Teenagers’ fitness is now an important concern, and physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong, and helps you to keep the right body weight. Sports scientist Dr. Helen Lopez offers the following advice to teenagers. First, you need to find out your present level of fitness. Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier. Dr. Lopez suggests that there are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. “Overweight” means that the person gets very little exercise and often has a serious weight problem. “Inactive” means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight. “Active” refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities, but do not have a high fitness level. According to Dr. Lopez, overweight teenagers should work out to keep healthy. Ride a bike, play badminton or basketball for a while, and go for a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories (卡路里). Inactive teenagers should do similar activities, but add some bending and stretching (拉伸) exercises, such as push-ups and sit-ups, staring with twenty of each a day. “Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger,” Dr. Lopez said. The same rule applies to active teenagers. Dr. Lopez suggests one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive (高强度) exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities. “These activities are really important in order to stop injuries,” Dr. Lopez said. Some weight-training and other body-strengthening exercises could also be organized in the programme in order to increase the person’s strength. 1．What should teenagers find out first according to Dr. Helen Lopez? A．Their present level of fitness. B．Their past level of fitness. C．Their present level of stress. D．Their present level of body weight. 2．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Active people always have a high fitness level. B．Overweight people always take more exercise. C．Keeping fit means changing teenagers’ lifestyle. D．Inactive teenagers are not seriously overweight. 3．What can you do to stop injuries? A．Do some walking. B．Do some jogging. C．Do some stretching and bending. D．Do some weight-training. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Doing Exercise B．Teenagers’ Fitness C．Different Lifestyles D．Overweight teenagers Passage 2 （24-25高一上·黑龙江绥化·期中） If you are like most English learners, you may be familiar with this: You think you understand a topic. Yet when asked to use what you have learned, you are not able to remember the information. Not being able to retrieve (数据检索) new ideas could happen on a test or even in a conversation. Sarah Lynn, an educational consultant and teacher, thinks English learners can improve their ability to remember and use new words by testing themselves. She adds that self-testing improves retrieval — the ability to use and remember new words. Lynn is not the only expert who recommends self-testing. A paper in Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition says one benefit of testing practice is that it improves retrieval. Retrieving information once makes retrieving that information easier in the future. In addition, the paper says, when students test themselves as part of studying, they learn what they do not know. When students know what they do not understand, they can pay attention to overcoming their weaknesses. Lynn recommends that learners test themselves by getting away from what they are studying. Then, they should test themselves by thinking about what they have learned. She recommends that learners make themselves write or speak something. Lynn suggests reading something or watching a video on the topic, then getting rid of the reading or video material and summarizing it. This will allow learners to test what they know. Next time you are studying English, try to test yourself. But do not just assume that you can read something once or twice and fully understand it. Even if you highlight important points or take notes in a class, you probably do not fully understand what you learned. After all, Olympic athletes cannot learn how to swim or run just from reading a book. They have to practice swimming or running every day for years. They often compete in races to test their skills. 5．What’s the common situation faced by English learners? A．They fail to come up with new ideas. B．They are not familiar with a certain topic. C．They don’t learn as well as they think. D．They don’t know how to improve their test-taking skills. 6．Which is the advice given by Lynn about self-testing? A．Recall what’s learned with the book closed. B．Remember what’s learned by repetitive reciting. C．Question your teachers on what you doubt bravely. D．Challenge yourself to learn from videos. 7．Why are Olympic athletes mentioned? A．To show how to be successful athletes. B．To make people confident of learning. C．To warn English learners not to be proud. D．To stress the significance of practice. 8．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Learning actually takes effort most B．Improve English by self-testing C．Memorize more new words D．What is self-testing? 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁大连·期中） Can the path of a child’s life — things like their future grade point average (GPA) — be predicted using computer models? In theory, this idea isn’t outlandish. In today’s digital world, algorithms (算法) can predict patient health outcomes and loan repayment likelihood. So researchers wondered whether this sort of analysis could help predict a child’s future. In a new study, Lundberg and his colleagues dug into why the earlier study failed to forecast the kids’ outcomes accurately — zeroing in on GPA．They reconnected with 40 families and interviewed them extensively to learn more about their lives. The findings suggest that the shortcomings in predicting outcomes wasn’t just about a lack of data or computational limits. Rather, that there is a fundamental limit on our ability to foretell the complexities of life. This failure of prediction can be attributed to two main sources. First is something called irreducible error. An example of this is an unexpected event that could happen to a child in their adolescent years that can’t be foreseen — something like a parent’s death, says Lundberg. “In that case, there’s really no machine learning or computational methods that can make prediction better,” he adds. The second is learning error: errors within an algorithm’s learning process. The kinds of outcomes the scientists were trying to measure like grades and family hardships are influenced by a lot of different variables (变量), which can form patterns that an algorithm can learn and then use to predict an outcome. But when there are too many variables, sometimes algorithms can learn the wrong pattern, says Lundberg. This type of learning error can be made smaller with more individuals. But for long-term studies like this, it’s difficult to get more than a few thousand people to participate. The new findings also illustrate the value of qualitative (定性的) research — conducting interviews and talking with human beings could also be influencing outcomes. “Social outcomes can be unpredictable and complex,” says Sotoudeh, “but some qualitative observations made by sociologists, such as how people interact and form relationships, are hard to translate into a number, says Sotoudeh, and could also be influencing outcomes. “The answer is not always more data,” echoes Sotoudeh. “Social outcomes, they’re unpredictable and they’re complex. And we just have to make peace with this unpredictability.” 9．What does the underlined word “outlandish” mean? A．Familiar. B．Specific. C．Normal. D．Strange. 10．What was the most important factor that led to the inaccuracy of the earlier study? A．It was hard to predict as life could be very complex. B．There was insufficient participation from the families. C．The computational models were not powerful enough. D．The study lacked enough historical data on GPA trends. 11．What can we learn about learning error in paragraph 4? A．It is caused by the existence of numerous variables. B．It occurs when scientists measure the outcomes. C．It is helpful for an algorithm to learn the pattern. D．It cannot be avoided by increasing sample size. 12．What was Sotoudeh’s attitude to qualitative research? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Disapproving. D．Casual. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·黑龙江绥化·期中） Many of us like to watch and post short videos. But can we share whatever we like, even with the wrong information? A blogger said sorry for one video she posted on Feb 16. In the video, she said that she had found a student’s holiday workbook and said the student’s name was Qin Lang. Many Internet users checked the student’s name, grade, and school. They found out the video might not be real. In a new video, the blogger claimed that she had given the wrong information to protect the student’s privacy (隐私) . Some people might think it’s not a big deal if you make a video with the wrong information. They believe that saying sorry will fix everything. But it’s not that simple. According to the Law on Penalties for Administration of Public Security (《治安管理处罚法》) , if the videos don’t care about the truth and disturb public order, their makers will get punished. It’s important to be creative when people make short videos. However, it is not OK to make up stories and break the law. As early as 2000, the State Council issued the Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services (《互联网信息服务管理办法》) . It bans spreading rumors and disturbing the social order. If you break the law, you could get in trouble. For example, you might get your social media account stopped, have to pay fines, get detained or even go to jail. Eleven online celebrities in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture in Sichuan were arrested in 2023 for selling fake products in videos. They got sentences from 8 months to 3 years and 2 months in jail. 13．Why does the writer use the blogger’s event in Paragraph 2? A．Because she was punished by the police. B．Because she shared someone’s information. C．Because she put wrong information in her video. D．Because she protected a student’s privacy. 14．What does the underlined word “rumors” probably mean? A．Personal information. B．Creative stories. C．Online short videos. D．Stories that may not be real. 15．According to the article, what can happen if someone spreads rumors on the Internet? A．They will be forced to apologize publicly on social media. B．They might face legal actions, such as fines or imprisonment. C．They will be asked to take educational courses on proper Internet use. D．Their video content will be labeled as fake news with a warning. 16．What online activities break the law, according to the story? a. Fooling viewers.                 b. Sharing one’s problems. c. Selling fake products.         d. Writing stories. A．ab B．ac C．bc D．Bd Passage 3 （24-25高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中） Soon, every seat on an airplane could be a window seat! New concept designs are revealing how travelers will be able to watch the stars above in future airplanes. Aerospace giant Airbus is showing off its vision of next-gen cabins (客舱), which include an all-round view of clouds as you jet through them. The Airspace Cabin Vision 2035+ concept also lets passengers tap on smart interactive windows that show travel time and let you explore your destination city. The French company also says passengers will enjoy a greater choice of meals thanks to new pre-ordering concepts. They believe that, by collecting your meal at the gate, food and packaging waste could be reduced by up to 15 percent. The company explains their ethos is “to reduce emissions (排放) at heart”. “Right now, research shows the cabin can contribute between 10% and 20% to the aircraft’s overall environmental impact during its lifecycle,” Airbus officials write. “Putting a focus on reducing this, Airbus brought together ten airlines and eight technology companies to feed into a vision that rethinks the way the cabin should look and feel, maintaining superior passenger comfort.” Airbus found that one of the biggest measures in the cabin for reducing emissions is lightweight solutions. To achieve this, efforts should be focused on creating lighter “bionic designs” that will help reduce cabin weight by up to 40 percent. “As the world shifts to a more circular (循环的) economy, we are rethinking the materials used inside the cabin so they’re able to be recycled, reused and repaired during their lifecycle. This is also a key part of the 2035+ vision,” Airbus officials explain. “Cabin inside and parts will be developed for current aircraft using new materials and a complete introduction of these will be rolled out with the next generation aircraft.” 17．What can we know about the next-gen cabins from the first two paragraphs? A．They will be made of glasses. B．They will shorten travel time greatly. C．They will reduce food waste to some extent. D．They will provide whatever food passengers want. 18．What does the underlined word “ethos” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Advice. B．Film. C．Loss. D．Idea. 19．What can be inferred about the future materials used inside the cabin? A．They are cheaper. B．They are more eco-friendly. C．They are more convenient. D．They are more available. 20．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To advertise some new flights. B．To call on people to live a greener life. C．To introduce new design ideas of a plane. D．To explain how to make planes smarter. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁沈阳·期中） Sydney’s cockatoos (凤头鹦鹉) are locked in a bitter struggle (斗争) with humans to get access to their rubbish bins (垃圾箱). Food waste - most likely bread - is their goal. Following reports of these clever cockatoos learning to open bins ten years ago, researchers including Dr Barbara Klump from Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, surveyed Sydney communities. In their study, researchers found one in ten cockatoos would learn how to open a bin. Other members of the group would observe these actions and learn from them. “The cockatoos learn the behaviour from observing other cockatoos and within each group they have their own special techniques, so across a wide geographic range, the techniques are more dissimilar,” says Klump. Cockatoos make a lot of mess when they open bins and take all the rubbish out, so of course, the local people are not too happy about it. They have started to protect their bins and use a variety of different measures to try to keep those cockatoos out. When one form of protection failed, people would try changing their ways, and just as the birds learn how to open the lids from their fellows, householders pick up more effective tips from neighbours. “It’s not just social learning on the cockatoo side, but it’s also social learning on the human side,” Klump says. Human-animal contact will become more often as humans push further and further into wildlife habitats (栖息地). The war between people, their bins, and hungry cockatoos shows the reality that the nation’s cities have intruded (侵入) so far into cockatoos’ habitats that they have become urbanised (城市化) without their natural habitats. “As cities grow, we will have more contact with wildlife and I’m hoping there will be a better understanding and more love for the animals we share our lives with,” Klump says. 21．What can be learned about cockatoos? A．Cockatoos are liked by people. B．Cockatoos have the ability of social learning. C．All the cockatoos can open dustbins. D．Cockatoos feed mainly on waste fish. 22．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．Habitats. B．Cockatoos. C．People. D．Cities. 23．What is Klump’s hope? A．Humans should stay away from animal habitats. B．Humans should be more friendly to animals. C．Humans should build less wildlife parks. D．Humans should learn from animals. 24．Which is the main idea of the text? A．Cockatoos search food waste for fun. B．Cockatoos have nowhere to live now. C．Cockatoos get food from kind humans. D．Cockatoos fight with humans to break into their bins. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·吉林长春·期中） Cows produce much methane (甲烷), the world’s second worst greenhouse gas, as they break down the grass. They are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Now scientists have shown the pollution from cows can be reduced by adding a little seaweed (海藻) to their food. Recently, the researchers from the University of California studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood (罩), which allowed the scientists to know the amount of the methane the cows were giving off. They used a small amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows’ food. The results were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months, the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows* stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. What’s more, the cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows. But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there’s not enough seaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed. A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in the fields, where they eat grass. That means there’s no chance to feed them seaweed every day. Still, it’s very good news that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis. 25．Why did the researchers carry out the study? A．To improve the cows’ welfare. B．To test the effects of the seaweed, C．To measure the amount of methane produced by cows. D．To discover healthier grass to reduce the pollution from cows. 26．What’s the third paragraph mainly about? A．The results of the study. B．The process of the research. C．The content of the experiment. D．The information of the subjects. 27．What is the biggest challenge in the researchers’ opinion? A．Seaweed is pretty rare in the world. B．It’s hard to mix seaweed with grass. C．Cows fed with seaweed gained weight easily. D．Cows can hardly have daily access to seaweed. 28．What is the author’s attitude towards the findings? A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Positive. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·辽宁大连·期中） Farming is destroying the planet, but there could be a much more environmentally friendly way to feed ourselves: using renewable energy to turn carbon dioxide into food. “This is becoming a reality,” says Pasi Vainikka at Solar Foods, a company that is building the first commercial-scale factory that will be able to make food directly from CO2. There can be no doubt that immediate attention to find greener ways to grow food is required. Conventional agriculture, including organic farming, causes damage to the environment in many ways. It requires a lot of land, leading to habitat loss and deforestation. It is also the source of a third of all greenhouse gas emissions and releases other pollutants. It isn’t very efficient, either. Crops typically transform less than 1 percent of light energy into usable biomass (生物量). Instead, Solar Foods plans to avoid photosynthesis (光合作用) altogether, and grow bacteria that use hydrogen as their source of energy. At the factory, renewable electricity will be used to split water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen will be added to large containers, where the bacteria grow, along with CO2 and ammonia (氨气). The end result will be a yellow powder called Solein. Solein is made of bacterial cells and is up to 70 percent protein. It can be used as an ingredient in all kinds of foods. “We are aiming at replacing animal-sourced proteins, which we think have the highest environmental impact,” says Vainikka. Compared with plant crops, Solein will use 100 times less water per kilogram of protein produced, 20 times less land and emit a fifth as much CO2, according to Solar Foods. There are other benefits, too: factories could be situated anywhere in the world and production won’t be affected by weather conditions. “With Solar Foods and other companies scaling up their systems, this is truly beginning a new era of agriculture,” says Dorian Leger at Connectomix Bio in Germany. “I think these trends are exciting and will help bend the carbon curve as well as lead to improved global food supply security.” 29．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning conventional agriculture in paragraph 2? A．To investigate its influence on crops. B．To compare different farming methods. C．To highlight the urgent need for alternatives. D．To provide an example of agricultural types. 30．What is mainly presented in paragraph 3 about Solein? A．Its production process. B．Its storage condition. C．Things used to make it. D．The potential impact of it. 31．All of the following are the features of Solein except . A．It is protein-rich B．Its production is weather sensitive C．It is resource-efficient D．Its production is location-independent 32．Which statement would Dorian Leger probably agree with? A．The use of Solein may help reduce carbon emissions. B．Solein will control the agricultural development. C．Solein can help achieve global food safety. D．The prospect (前景) of Solein remains to be seen. 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁沈阳·期中） Many of us suffer (受苦) needlessly when it comes to our well-being or physical health, That’s because we don’t know how to keep a healthy lifestyle. If we learn how to keep healthy, our lives would be so much more enjoyable. With so many places to find a fast meal, it is hard to keep control of your eating habits. We do need food to provide the energy for our bodies need, but it is our choices that help or harm us. From increasingly large burgers to fried chicken, we are attacked with endless quick meals. However, we must give our body what it needs to get healthy and not what our taste buds (味蕾) want. The other key to keeping healthy is exercise. You don’t have to be a gym rat, but you must develop some type of workout. It can be something as little as walking. Exercising just 30 minutes of your day is all you really need if you want to stay healthy. You can do as little as 3 to 4 days a week. Our bodies are not strong enough to deal with endless stress. Endless stress can lead to a rise in blood pressure which increases your chance for a stroke (中风) or a heart attack. It also influences the blood cells (细胞) that help fight infections. These weak cells leave you helpless against common colds, other illnesses, and medical conditions. Therefore, you should learn to relax yourself by spending some time every day chatting with your family, playing with your friends or just watching a film or listening to some soft music. There is no big secret on how to keep healthy. If you take care of your body, it will do the same for you in return. It is best that you take every possible measure to lead a healthy lifestyle. Keep healthy by treating your body right. 33．Why do many people eat fast food according to the text? A．It is good for our health. B．The price is very low. C．There are lots of fast food restaurants. D．People are unwilling to cook. 34．What should we do to keep healthy? A．Eat whatever we like. B．Never go to the gym. C．Spend time with your workmates. D．Do exercise 3 or 4 days a week. 35．What does the underlined word “infections” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．Fears. B．Rights. C．Illnesses. D．Wars. 36．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce the ways of spending time with family members. B．To give some advice on keeping a healthy lifestyle. C．To show the importance of having a strict diet. D．To encourage people to listen to music. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·辽宁·期中） As summer gives way to autumn, many of us long for warmth and sunlight. It is common for some of us to feel upset when the days get shorter. People call this phenomenon autumn sadness. While autumn sadness is a common seasonal feeling we have as sunlight comes in shorter supply, for some people, it takes on a more serious form known as seasonal affective disorder, or SAD． SAD, a form of depression (抑郁症), mostly starts in late autumn or early winter and goes away in spring and summer. People who have SAD typically oversleep, overeat, and lose interest in activities they once enjoyed. Generally, almost all people suffering from SAD feel sad, helpless, and even desperate. The exact cause of SAD is not yet completely understood, but several factors have been linked to its development. Johns Hopkins University suggests that reduced exposure (接触) to natural light during the autumn and winter months may disrupt the body’s internal clock and the hormones (荷尔蒙) produced, such as melatonin (褪黑素) and serotonin (血清素), which are related to sleep and emotions, respectively. This disruption can lead to depression. Addressing SAD often requires medical help. Light therapy is a common and effective treatment. Patients are advised to expose themselves to sunlight or man-made light that imitates natural sunlight. Light therapy can help regulate patients’ hormones and get their lives back on track. Moreover, living a healthier life, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, taking part in regular physical activity, and having a balanced diet, can help manage SAD．But it’s also important that people seek help from a medical professional to determine the most suitable treatment plan for their specific needs. It is worth noticing that, according to the National Institute of Mental Health of the US, in most cases, SAD begins in young adulthood. So, while embracing (接受) knowledge in books and classes, don’t forget to embrace the sunlight outdoors and get energy from nature! 37．What do we know about SAD? A．It usually starts in early autumn. B．It can lead to long- term depression. C．Its main symptoms include feeling sad. D．It is most commonly found in older people. 38．According to Johns Hopkins University, what is a possible cause of SAD? A．An unbalanced diet. B．A lack of sunlight. C．An irregular sleep schedule. D．A lack of physical exercise. 39．What do paragraphs 5 and 6 mainly talk about? A．How people can deal with SAD． B．What people with SAD have in common. C．Who people with SAD can turn to for help. D．Why medical help is needed for people with SAD． 40．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Young adults are the only group affected by SAD． B．Embracing nature’s sunlight is enough to prevent SAD． C．It’s important for young adults to take outdoor activities. D．It’s never too late to embrace the beauty that nature offers. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·辽宁·期中） With digital learning gaining popularity, some students choose to learn from home using computers and the internet. They used websites and digital books instead of paper ones. But are they learning as well as they think? Studies show that reading on paper is easier to understand than reading on a screen. Anne Mangen, a literacy professor at the University of Stavanger in Norway, says reading on paper is calm and attracts our attention, unlike the reading on a screen. Experts say that while screens are good for quick news, complex texts are better on paper. They help us remember details better. A study by Lauren Singer Trakhman found that students understood the main ideas whether they read on paper or a screen, but they missed small details on screens. Reading on screens might make us read faster but not as deeply. Our brains might be getting used to quick information from digital media and not thinking carefully about what we read. Some research shows that our brains react differently to paper and screens. Reading on paper can make us feel more and understand the space around us better. So what can we do? We shouldn't stop using screens, but we should think about what we read on them. Singer Trakhman says she uses her Kindle for fun but turns to paper for serious reading. To remember what we read on screens, we can try writing down the main points by hand. It might help us remember better than typing. And sometimes, turning off our devices and reading a real book can be very nice. 41．What does Anne Mangen think of reading on paper? A．It is better for reading quick news. B．It brings peaceful reading experience. C．It provides a new adventure for readers. D．It helps to improve communication abilities. 42．Why might students miss details when reading on screens? A．Screens make the text harder to read. B．The text on screens is usually less detailed. C．Students tend to read quickly and not think deeply. D．Screens make it difficult to understand the main ideas. 43．What can be inferred from Lauren Singer Trakhman's reading habits? A．She hardly uses screens in daily reading. B．She likes using Kindle for all types of reading. C．She thinks Kindles are suitable for serious reading. D．She prefers to use paper for challenging literature. 44．Which is the best title for this passage? A．The Advantages Digital Learning Brings B．Reading on Paper vs. Reading on Screens C．How Reading on Paper Shapes Students D．The Importance of Online Learning at Home 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·吉林白城·期中） One popular tool to help people understand their influence on climate change is a carbon footprint calculator (碳足迹计算器). There are many of these calculators online. You can enter details like what type of transportation you use to go to work, how often you eat red meat, and if you wash your clothes in cold water. But some people think that focusing on your carbon footprint is not very useful. Instead, a new idea called the climate shadow (阴影) has become popular. This idea was first introduced by a writer named Emma Pattee from Portland, Oregon. The climate shadow looks at all of a person's choices and their influence on the planet. The bigger the shadow, the more positive influence a person has on the planet. Pattee explained her idea, “Your climate shadow is like a dark shape that follows you everywhere. It counts not only how much air conditioning you use and how much gas your car uses, but also how you vote, how many children you have, where you work, how you invest your money, how much you talk about climate change, and whether your words make people feel urgent, indifferent, or in denial about climate change.” For example, if you put solar panels (太阳能电池板) on your roof, your carbon footprint might get smaller. But your climate shadow would get bigger if you talk to your neighbors about your choice. Even just having solar panels on your roof can influence your neighbors to get their own. Studies show that people are more likely to install solar panels if their neighbors have them. In other words, the climate shadow idea encourages actions that inspire others. Your climate shadow grows when your actions, even unknowingly, motivate others to take positive steps for the planet. 45．Who introduced the idea of the climate shadow? A．An environmental organization. B．A government organization. C．Emma Pattee. D．A group of scientists from Portland. 46．What does climate shadow focus more on compared with carbon footprint? A．The practical result. B．The use of energy. C．The scientific meaning. D．The social influence. 47．What does the underlined word “install” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Replace. B．Fix. C．Sell. D．Improve. 48．What is the best title for this text? A．Understanding Your Climate Shadow B．Reducing Your Carbon Footprint C．The Benefits of Solar Panels D．How to Use a Carbon Footprint Calculator Passage 2 （24-25高一上·辽宁辽阳·期中） John has been a devoted hockey (冰球) enthusiast. In the past around two decades back, John, a part of the local junior league team, The Rapid, was an influential ice hockey competitor in his hometown, even with a considerable group of admirers. However, a knee injury in his teenage years ended his hopes of a career on the ice. Years passed, and John grew into a successful businessman, but his love for hockey never disappeared. One day, he stumbled upon an opportunity to review his childhood passion. The Rapid was organizing a charity (慈善) game to raise money for the town’s youth sports program. John reached out to the team’s manager, Mr Smith, with a special request. He wanted to suit up and play as the goaltender (守门员) for one period of the game, just for the fun of it and to encourage the younger players. Mr Smith was delighted and quickly arranged for John to join the team for the day. The news that John would take part in the game spread like wildfire in the town, and the stadium was packed with excited supporters. On the big day, John put on his old, a bit worn but still cherished hockey equipment (装备). He stepped onto the ice, feeling a rush of emotions that he hadn’t felt in decades. The crowd burst into cheers as he faced the first shot, and with each save, the energy grew. After the game, John surprised everyone by donating his game-worn equipment and a generous check to the local youth sports program. “I may not have been able to become a professional,” he said, “but I’m happy to give back and help these kids chase their dreams.” People were deeply moved by John’s selflessness in supporting the next generation. It was a reminder that even when our own dreams seem out of reach, we can still make a difference to the lives of others. 49．What ended John’s career as a hockey player? A．Growing old. B．His business success. C．His knee condition. D．Not being interested. 50．Why did John want to play in the charity game? A．To show off his skill. B．To inspire the youth. C．To win his honor back. D．To make more money. 51．What did John do after the game? A．He decided to give up hockey ever since. B．He said sorry for not being professional. C．He asked to check up his own equipment. D．He gave away his equipment and money. 52．Which of the following can best describe John? A．Warm-hearted and helpful. B．Creative but mean. C．Hard-working and honest. D．Kind but impatient. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·黑龙江龙东联盟·期中） Insect numbers have dropped by half in some parts of the world due to climate change and intensive agriculture, a study has found. Preserving habitats (栖息地) for nature could help ensure vital insects thrive (兴旺). Lead researcher, Dr. Charlie Outhwaite, said losing insect populations could be harmful not only to the natural environment, but also to human health and food security, particularly with loss of pollinators (传粉者). “Our findings highlight the urgency of actions to preserve natural habitats, slow the expansion of high-intensity agriculture, and cut emissions to reduce climate change,” she added. In the latest study, the researchers pulled together data on the range and number of nearly 20,000 insect species, including bees, ants, butterflies, grasshoppers and dragonflies, at about 6,000 different locations. In areas with high-intensity agriculture and significant warming, insect numbers have dropped by 49% and the number of different species by 27%, compared with relatively untouched places that have so far avoided the severest effects of climate change, according to the research, published in Nature. But the researchers said that setting aside areas of land for nature could create a place for insects, which need shade to survive in hot weather. “Careful management of agricultural areas, such as preserving natural habitats near farmland, may help ensure that vital insects can still thrive,” said Dr. Tim Newbold. Study researcher Peter McCann added, “We need to acknowledge how important insects are for the environment as a whole, and for human health and well-being, in order to address the threats we pose to them before many species are lost forever.” 53．What has caused the fall of insect numbers? A．Climate change and farming. B．Planting more and more trees. C．Growing more and more grass. D．People’s hunting insects thoughtlessly. 54．How could losing insect populations have a bad influence? ①Being bad for people’s health. ②Being harmful to industrial products. ③Having a bad effect on food security. ④Doing harm to the natural environment. ⑤Having a bad influence on water quality. A．②④⑤ B．③④⑤ C．①②③ D．①③④ 55．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The results of the study. B．The problems with the study. C．What influences insects may have. D．What kinds of insects were included. 56．Why should areas of land for nature be set aside according to Dr. Tim Newbold? A．To supply fresh air. B．To provide shade. C．To provide earth. D．To supply energy. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·吉林白城·期中） Dogs have been humans’ best friends for thousands of years, and their ability to understand us goes more than just following orders. Dogs are really good at understanding how humans feel. They’ve learned to pick up on words and facial expressions from humans. A recent study has shown that dogs can actually smell human stress and respond (回应) to it in ways that suggest a close relationship with us humans. This interesting discovery throws light on how deeply close our lives have become with our dog friends. So, can dogs really smell stress? The answer is yes! Researchers at the University of Bristol did a study where they found that dogs can sense stress through a chemical called cortisol (皮质醇) in our sweat (汗). This ability allows them to respond emotionally to human stress. In the study, 18 dogs and their owners took part, along with 11 volunteers who didn’t know the dogs. These volunteers went through public speaking and took tests of solving difficult math problems without any preparation. Their worry made more cortisol appear in their sweat. When the dogs smelled this stressed sweat. they felt less curious and showed less interest in a food bowl in an uncertain position, as if they thought there was no food in those bowls. It seems that dogs can really feel the stress of humans and their own moods can be affected, too. This shows that humans and dogs have a very deep connection, where emotions can spread between us like a wave. Then how did dogs develop such ability to sense stress? Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dogs survive in the past. If they could tell when another member of their group was worried and stressed, they knew they might be at risk. As Zoe Parr-Cortes, lead study author and a Ph. D．student at Bristol Veterinary School, said, “Being able to sense stress from another member of the pack was likely beneficial.” 57．What does the recent study tell us about dogs? A．Their long history of development. B．Their various roles in human history. C．Their ability to learn human language. D．Their deeper connection with humans. 58．What did the volunteers need to do in the study? A．Calm dogs down. B．Test their own ability. C．Experience stress. D．Collect their own sweat. 59．Why might dogs have developed the ability to sense stress? A．To help them hunt for more food. B．To warn them of possible dangers. C．To guide them to respond to human orders. D．To allow them to connect with their group. 60．What can be the best title for the text? A．Dogs’ Unbelievable Ability to Sense Human Stress B．The Development of the Human- Dog Relationship C．Humans Sense Stress Through Their Beloved Dogs D．Dogs’ Stress Having an Influence on Human Behavior / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$