专题05 说明文阅读-2025-2026普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语复习手册

· 专题05 说明文阅读 知识讲解——学考英语说明文阅读全面复习指南 一、出题类型详解与例题精析 1. 细节理解题 这是最基础的题型，考查对文中明确陈述的具体信息的捕捉能力。答案通常可以直接从原文中找到。 例题1：原文段落： "Robots have now become an important part of agricultural and industrial workforce in various countries. They mark an important advance in mechanization (机械化) of the production process. In a field in England, three little robots have been given a great job: to find and kill grass with electricity before planting seeds in the soil." 题目： What can we know about the three robots from Paragraph 1? A. They are huge. B. They can plant seeds. C. They work in a field. D. They come from America. 答案： C 解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In a field in England, three little robots have been given a great job: to find and kill grass with electricity before planting seeds in the soil.(在英国的一块田地里，三个小机器人被赋予了一项重要任务：在播种前用电除草。)”可知，这三个机器人在田地里工作。故选C项。 例题2：原文段落： "We waste 1.3 billion tons of food every year. This is too much --- the waste weighs as much as 200 million elephants!" 题目： How many tons of food are wasted every year? A. 1 billion. B. 1.3 billion. C. 100 million. D. 200 million. 答案： B 解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“We waste 1.3 billion tons of food every year. (我们每年浪费13亿吨食物。)”可知，每年有13亿吨食物被浪费，故选B。 2. 词义/句意猜测题 考查学生根据上下文语境推断生词、短语或句子含义的能力。 例题：原文段落： "Have beings from outer space already visited Earth? Probably not... Scientists believe we will make contact with other life forms in our universe within the next 20 years." 题目： What do the underlined words "life forms" in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Messages. B. Beings. C. Planets. D. Stars. 答案： B 解析： 词义猜测题。文章一直在讨论外星是否存在智慧生命的问题，如第一段 "Is there intelligent life on other planets besides Earth?" 以及第四段"Have beings from outer space already visited Earth?"。根据上下文语境，这里的 "life forms" 指的就是前文提到的外星智慧生物。故选B项。 3. 主旨大意题 考查对段落或全文中心思想的概括能力。 例题（段落主旨）： 原文段落（第五段）： "The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%. The little robots allow farmers to free their soils from chemicals. Using fewer chemicals is going to save much money and is good for the environment. As well as reducing the use of chemicals, robots will also bring us better soil quality and more plants and animals." 题目： What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The harm that chemicals cause. B. The cost farmers spend on farming. C. A famous company that produces robots. D. The advantages that the farming robots bring. 答案： D 解析： 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“农民可以减少40%的成本和高达95%的化学药品使用量...使用更少的化学物质将节省很多钱，并且对环境有益。除了减少化学物质的使用，机器人还将给我们带来更好的土壤质量以及更多的动植物。”可知，第五段主要讲述了农业机器人带来的优势。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题 考查基于文章已知信息进行合理逻辑推断的能力。答案不能直接找到，需要“拐个弯”想一下。 例题： 原文线索： 第二段提到“There were many power struggles between nobles and kings, and among the nobles themselves.”，最后两段详细描述了各种攻击城堡的残酷方式。 题目： What can we learn from the text? A. Kings in ancient Europe were more generous. B. Some castles were built to attract more visitors. C. Warfare must be common during the Middle Ages. D. Drawbridges were used to break through castle doors. 答案： C 解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“贵族与国王之间，以及贵族彼此之间存在许多权力斗争”以及最后两段提到的各种攻击城堡的方式可知，中世纪战争频繁。故选C项。 5. 指代关系题 考查对文中代词（如it, that, they）或指示性词语所指代内容的理解。 例题： 原文段落： "But some nobles simply claimed land as their own and built a castle on it. That was asking for trouble." 题目： The underlined word "That" in Para. 2 refers to the fact that _______. A. the nobles claimed land as their own and built a castle on it B. the nobles promised to serve the king in return C. the nobles provided the king with soldiers D. the nobles simply lived on their own 答案： A 解析： 指代猜测题。根据第二段“But some nobles simply claimed land as their own and built a castle on it. That was asking for trouble.(但有些贵族只是宣称土地归自己所有，并在上面建造城堡。那是自找麻烦)”可知，“That” 指代的是前文“有些贵族宣称土地归自己所有并在上面建造城堡”这一事实。故选A。 6. 观点态度题 考查对作者或文中某人物所持观点和态度的判断。 例题：原文线索： 作者在文中使用“the most popular game”, “good for both the body and the mind”, “every school's game”等积极正面的评价性语言。 题目： Which word best describes the writer's feeling about football? A. Supportive. B. Concerned. C. Excited. D. Surprised. 答案： A 解析： 推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文通过描述足球在英国的普及、青少年的了解程度及学校对足球的重视，强调足球对教育（如团队合作、品格培养）的积极作用。以及最后一段中作者用“good team game(很好的团队运动)”“good both for the body and the mind(它对身体和精神都有好处) 等表述，态度明显支持。故选A项。 二、解题技巧深度剖析与易错点警示 题型 深度解题技巧 易错点警示 细节理解题 1. 定位关键词： 圈出题干中的核心名词、动词、数字、专有名词等， 2. 精准比对： 回到原文，找到关键词所在句子，仔细比对选项和原文的同义转换（如“reduce costs”对应“save money”）。 1. 张冠李戴： 选项信息在原文中确实存在，但并非题目所问的内容。 2. 偷换概念： 选项对原文信息进行了细微修改，造成意思偏差。 词义猜测题 1. 上下文逻辑： 利用定义、解释、举例、对比、因果等逻辑关系。 2. 词根词缀： 分析生词的构成来辅助猜测。 3. 代入验证： 将选项代入原文，看哪个最符合语境，使文章通顺。 脱离语境，盲目猜测： 仅凭单词本身或自己的常识猜测，而不看其所在句子的前后文。 主旨大意题 1. 首尾句原则： 文章和段落的中心思想常出现在开头或结尾。2. 高频词/重复词： 反复出现的词汇往往是文章的核心话题。3. 概括性： 正确选项通常具有宏观性和概括性，错误选项往往是某个细节。 以偏概全： 误将某个段落或细节的主旨当作全文的主旨。 推理判断题 1. 立足原文： 推理必须源于原文，有据可依。2. 合理逻辑： 答案应是原文信息的必然延伸，而非凭空想象。3. 警惕绝对词： 含有“never”, “always”, “all”等绝对化词语的选项往往是错误的。 过度推理： 推理出的内容超出了原文所能支持的范围，加入了过多主观臆断。 指代关系题 向前看原则： 代词（it, they, that等）通常指代前文最近出现的名词或句子。 指代方向错误： 向后寻找或指代过远的名词。 三、备考方法与注意事项 类别 具体项目 说明与建议 📚 备考方法 1. 词汇积累 持续背诵高频核心词汇及学科术语（如环保、科技、健康等主题词），并注意积累常见的同义替换表达。 2. 题型专练 分题型进行专项训练（如细节题、推理题、主旨题等），熟悉每种题型的提问方式和解题技巧，总结规律。 3. 限时训练 模拟真实考试环境，严格控制每篇阅读的答题时间（建议5-8分钟/篇），提升阅读速度和答题效率。 4. 精读与反思 对做过的每一篇文章进行精读分析，尤其关注错题，弄明白错误原因（是定位错误、理解偏差还是逻辑推断失误）。 5. 真题演练 考前集中刷历年真题，感受出题风格和难度，保持题感，并对反复出现的考点进行重点复习。 ⚠️ 注意事项 1. 答题顺序 推荐 “先题后文”：先快速浏览题目和选项，带着问题去阅读文章，目标明确，效率更高。 2. 时间分配 合理分配时间，避免在某一道难题上过度纠结。如超过2分钟无头绪，可先标记，完成全卷后再回头思考。 3. 处理生词 遇到生词勿慌！ 多数生词可通过上下文猜测其大致含义，或完全不影响答题。不要因个别单词打乱阅读节奏。 4. 定位与比对 答案一定源于原文。找到题干关键词在文中的位置后，仔细比对选项与原文，注意选项的同义转述或偷换概念。 5. 主旨把握 时刻思考段落或文章的核心思想。选择主旨题答案时，排除那些只涉及细节信息、表述片面的选项。 6. 逻辑推理 推理判断题的答案必须是文章信息的合理延伸，有据可依，切忌脱离原文进行主观臆想或过度推理。 7. 检查环节 检查时，优先确认答题卡填涂是否准确无误。对于修改答案要谨慎，除非有充分理由，否则相信第一印象。 📌 考前注意事项清单： 事项 具体说明 时间分配 每篇阅读建议在5-8分钟内完成，为后续题目和检查留出时间。 答题顺序 推荐先快速浏览题目，带着问题去读文章，目的性更强，效率更高。 处理生词 遇到生词不要慌！ 多数生词不影响理解主旨，可根据上下文猜测。关键人名、地名等不必知道意思。 长难句处理 抓住主干（主谓宾），暂时忽略插入语、定语从句等修饰成分，先理解核心意思。 检查环节 检查时，再次确认答案是否源自原文，是否有逻辑支撑，避免因粗心改错答案。 心态调整 保持冷静。说明文阅读是“有章可循”的，答案都在文中，相信自己一定能找到。 二： 习题训练 Passage 1 Robots have now become an important part of agricultural and industrial workforce in various countries. They mark an important advance in mechanization (机械化) of the production process. In a field in England, three little robots have been given a great job: to find and kill grass with electricity before planting seeds in the soil. The robots are named Tom, Dick and Harry. Tom is the first of the three clever robots to start working. He watches the crops carefully and collects the information about each plant. He can create a short introduction to each plant and even make decisions on what chemicals are needed for your crops. Dick does the dirty work. He can go to each plant that is doing bad to the crops and take it out. Plants that are good for the crops are left. He can spray (喷洒) things like chemicals in order to keep plants healthy. Harry is a planter. He digs holes into the field and puts seeds into the ground, and records where he puts them. If a seed doesn’t grow, he can easily travel there and plants a new seed. The smart robots are made by Small Robot. The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%. The little robots allow farmers to free their soils from chemicals. Using fewer chemicals is going to save much money and is good for the environment. As well as reducing the use of chemicals, robots will also bring us better soil quality and more plants and animals.     “We have to change farming now, or else there won’t be anything to farm,” says Small Robot. 1．What can we know about the three robots from Paragraph 1? A．They are huge. B．They can plant seeds. C．They work in a field. D．They come from America. 2．Which may be done by Dick? A．Collecting information. B．Killing insects. C．Digging holes. D．Planting seeds. 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The harm that chemicals cause. B．The cost farmers spend on farming. C．A famous company that produces robots. D．The advantages that the farming robots bring. 4．What is the best structure for the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the suitable title for the passage? A．The Changes on Farming B．Protecting the Plants C．Living a Modern life D．The History of Robots 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍英国三个名为Tom、Dick和Harry的农业机器人的工作内容，以及它们给农业带来的优势。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In a field in England, three little robots have been given a great job: to find and kill grass with electricity before planting seeds in the soil.(在英国的一块田地里，三个小机器人被赋予了一项重要任务：在播种前用电除草。)”可知，这三个机器人在田地里工作。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dick does the dirty work. He can go to each plant that is doing bad to the crops and take it out. He can spray things like chemicals in order to keep plants healthy.(Dick做脏活。他可以找到每一株对庄稼有害的植物并把它除掉。他可以喷洒化学物质之类的东西来保持植物健康。)”可知，Dick可能会做杀死昆虫的工作。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%. The little robots allow farmers to free their soils from chemicals. Using fewer chemicals is going to save much money and is good for the environment. As well as reducing the use of chemicals, robots will also bring us better soil quality and more plants and animals.(这家英国公司表示，农民可以减少40%的成本和高达95%的化学药品使用量。这些小机器人可以让农民的土壤摆脱化学物质。使用更少的化学物质将节省很多钱，并且对环境有益。除了减少化学物质的使用，机器人还将给我们带来更好的土壤质量以及更多的动植物。)”可知，第五段主要讲述了农业机器人带来的优势。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，第一段介绍三个机器人在英国田地里工作这一总体情况；第二至四段分别介绍Tom、Dick和Harry三个机器人的具体工作内容；第五段讲述这些机器人带来的优势；最后一段引用公司的话强调改变农业的必要性。因此，文章结构为“总—分—总”，与选项A的结构相符。故选A项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了农业机器人的工作及其给农业带来的变化，包括成本降低、化学物质使用减少、土壤质量改善等，因此“农业的变化”适合作为本文标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 Is there intelligent life on other planets besides Earth? For years, scientists weren’t sure. Today, this is changing. Scientists believe intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings. Why do they think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. This is too long for only one planet in the whole universe to develop intelligent life. The second reason is size—there are at least 100 billion galaxies. And our galaxy has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets that circle these stars might be similar to Earth. In the past, it was difficult to search for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, advanced telescopes (望远镜) allow scientists to identify many more small planets in other solar systems. If these planets are similar to Earth, they might have intelligent life. Have beings from outer space already visited Earth? Probably not. The distance between planets is too great. Despite this, scientists think intelligent beings might eventually contact us using other methods, but now we may not have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. Scientists believe we will make contact with other life forms in our universe within the next 20 years. 6．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To discuss how life probably started on Earth. B．To tell when the universe possibly came into being. C．To describe what life on other planets might look like. D．To explain why we may find intelligent life outside of Earth. 7．Which statement would scientists agree with? A．Intelligent life only exits on one planet. B．Intelligent beings will never contact us. C．Advanced telescopes help to discover more planets. D．There are at least 100 billion planets in our galaxy. 8．What do the underlined words “life forms” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Messages. B．Beings. C．Planets. D．Stars. 9．What’s scientists’ attitude towards finding intelligent life in the future? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Uncertain. D．Doubtful. 【答案】6．D 7．C 8．B 9．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了科学家认为外星可能存在智慧生命的原因，如宇宙的时间跨度长和规模大，还探讨了目前寻找外星智慧生命的情况及未来的可能性。 6．推理判断题。根据第一段“Is there intelligent life on other planets besides Earth? For years, scientists weren’t sure. Today, this is changing. Scientists believe intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings.(除了地球，其他行星上是否存在智慧生命呢？多年来，科学家们一直不确定。如今，这种情况正在改变。科学家们认为宇宙中的其他地方存在智慧生命。他们还认为我们很快就会与这些生命取得联系)”以及根据第二段“Why do they think intelligent life exists on other planets?(为什么他们认为其他星球上存在智慧生命呢？)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要解释了科学家认为外星可能存在智慧生命的原因，如宇宙的时间跨度长和规模大，还探讨了目前寻找外星智慧生命的情况及未来的可能性。所以短文的目的是解释为什么我们可能会在地球以外发现智慧生命。故选D项。 7．细节理解。根据第三段“But now, advanced telescopes (望远镜) nallow scientists to identify many more small planets in other solar systems.(但现在，先进的望远镜使科学家能够在其他太阳系中识别出更多的小行星)” 可知，先进的望远镜有助于发现更多行星，故选C项。 8．词义猜测题。文章一直在讨论外星是否存在智慧生命的问题，如第一段 “Is there intelligent life on other planets besides Earth?(除地球外，其他行星上是否存在智慧生命？)”“Scientists believe intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe.(科学家认为宇宙中其他地方存在智慧生命)”以及第四段“Have beings from outer space already visited Earth?(外星生物已经访问过地球了吗？)” “Scientists believe we will make contact with other life forms in our universe within the next 20 years.(科学家们相信，在未来 20 年内，我们将与宇宙中的其他生命形式取得联系)” 可知，根据上下文语境，这里的 “life forms” 指的就是前文提到的外星智慧生物。故选B项。 9．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scientists believe we will make contact with other life forms in our universe within the next 20 years.(科学家们相信，在未来 20 年内，我们将与宇宙中的其他生命形式取得联系)” 可知，科学家们对未来发现智慧生命持积极态度。故选A项。 Passage 3 We waste 1.3 billion tons of food every year. This is too much — the waste weighs as much as 200 million elephants! Most of food waste happens in North America and Europe, where about 100kg of food per person is wasted each year. However, there are still millions of people that don’t have enough to eat. Food waste isn’t just bad for humans, though. It’s also bad for the environment. When we put food waste into the landfill, it produces a dangerous gas that can keep heat inside of the Earth’s atmosphere. That’s why it’s one of the causes of global warming. There are also chemicals that come out of the food and go into the soil. When it rains, the chemicals then go into our rivers and lakes. As a result, food waste seriously harms our bodies of water.    People don’t think about how food is made when they’re throwing it away. A lot of water is used to grow plants that make food. We use a lot of energy because we need fuel to transport food. If we waste this food, we waste our planet’s natural resources. For these reasons, it is important for us all to reduce our food waste. 10．How many tons of food are wasted every year? A．1 billion. B．1.3 billion. C．100 million. D．200 million. 11．What’s the result when the chemicals go into rivers and lakes? A．The body of water is seriously harmed. B．The heat is kept inside of the atmosphere. C．A dangerous gas is slowly disappearing. D．A piece of land is gradually formed. 12．What do we know from Paragraph 3? A．People think twice before throwing food away. B．Little water is used to grow plants that make food. C．We seldom need fuel to transport food every day. D．Wasting food means wasting our natural resources. 13．What will the writer probably talk about in the next paragraph? A．Reasons for reducing our food waste. B．Reasons for saving natural resources. C．Methods of reducing our food waste. D．Methods of growing various plants. Passage 4 【答案】10．B 11．A 12．D 13．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是每年全球存在大量的食物浪费现象，食物浪费不仅对人类不利，还对环境有害，包括造成全球变暖、污染水体以及浪费自然资源等，因此减少食物浪费对我们所有人都很重要。 10．细节理解题。根据第一段“We waste 1.3 billion tons of food every year. (我们每年浪费13亿吨食物。)”可知，每年有13亿吨食物被浪费，故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据第二段“There are also chemicals that come out of the food and go into the soil. When it rains, the chemicals then go into our rivers and lakes. As a result, food waste seriously harms our bodies of water. (还有一些化学物质从食物中出来进入土壤。下雨时，这些化学物质就会进入我们的河流和湖泊。因此，食物浪费严重损害了我们的水体。)”可知，当这些化学物质进入河流和湖泊，水体会受到严重损害。故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段“If we waste this food, we waste our planet’s natural resources. (如果我们浪费这些食物，我们就浪费了地球的自然资源。)”可知，浪费食物就是浪费自然资源。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For these reasons, it is important for us all to reduce our food waste. (由于这些原因，减少食物浪费对我们所有人都很重要。)”可知，作者在下一段可能会谈论减少食物浪费的方法。故选C。 Passage 5 The castle (城堡) was the home of a king or nobleman (贵族). Most of the castles we think of today were built in Europe. They were built from about 1,000 AD to about 1,500 AD, during a period known as the Middle Ages. Castles played an important role after the fall of the Roman Empire. When a king gave land to nobles, the nobles promised in return to serve the king and provide him with soldiers. Nobles built castles on the lands given to them. But some nobles simply claimed land as their own and built a castle on it. That was asking for trouble. There were many power struggles between nobles and kings, and among the nobles themselves. Many stone castles were surrounded by a wide ditch called a moat (护城河). Some moats were filled with water, but many were not. The only way into the castle was across a wooden drawbridge over the moat. If enemies attacked, the defenders raised the bridge. Then they lowered a heavy iron-and-wood barrier called a portcullis to block the entrance to the castle. A well-built castle was a pretty safe place to be. Attackers had a hard time getting in. But they still had some options. They could go over the walls using ladders. They could break through the walls or doors. Or they could dig under the walls and try to get part of the wall to fall down. If none of those things worked, they could just camp outside until the defenders ran out of food. Attackers sometimes brought large machines called siege engines with them to break through castle doors or walls. This was a heavy wooden beam with a metal cap. In the early 1500s, cannons (大炮) entered wide use in warfare. Cannonballs could dig into the base of stone walls and weaken them. The walls then fell under their own weight. As a result, castles were no longer needed. 14．The underlined word “That” in Para. 2 refers to the fact that ________. A．the nobles claimed land as their own and built a castle on it B．the nobles promised to serve the king in return C．the nobles provided the king with soldiers D．the nobles simply lived on their own 15．What would happen to the wooden drawbridge when enemies attacked? A．It would be destroyed. B．It would be lowered. C．It would be blocked. D．It would be raised. 16．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．Attacking a castle. B．Visiting a castle. C．A pretty safe place. D．Weakness of a castle. 17．What can we learn from the text? A．Kings in ancient Europe were more generous. B．Some castles were built to attract more visitors. C．Warfare must be common during the Middle Ages. D．Drawbridges were used to break through castle doors. 【答案】14．A 15．D 16．A 17．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了欧洲中世纪城堡的相关信息，包括城堡的建造背景、防御设施以及遭受攻击时的应对情况和城堡逐渐不再被需要的原因。 14．指代猜测题。根据第二段“But some nobles simply claimed land as their own and built a castle on it. That was asking for trouble.(但有些贵族只是宣称土地归自己所有，并在上面建造城堡。那是自找麻烦)” 可知，“That” 指代的是前文 “有些贵族宣称土地归自己所有并在上面建造城堡”这一事实。故选A。 15．细节理解题。 根据第三段“If enemies attacked, the defenders raised the bridge.(如果敌人进攻，防御者会升起吊桥)” 可知，当敌人进攻时，木质吊桥会被升起。故选D。 16．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Attackers had a hard time getting in. But they still had some options. They could go over the walls using ladders. They could break through the walls or doors. Or they could dig under the walls and try to get part of the wall to fall down. If none of those things worked, they could just camp outside until the defenders ran out of food.(攻击者很难进入城堡。但他们仍有一些办法。他们可以用梯子翻墙。他们可以突破城墙或门。或者他们可以在城墙下挖掘，试图使部分城墙倒塌。如果这些都不起作用，他们就只能在外面扎营，直到防御者耗尽食物)”，此段详细阐述了攻击者为进入城堡所采取的多种方法。根据最后一段“Attackers sometimes brought large machines called siege engines with them to break through castle doors or walls. This was a heavy wooden beam with a metal cap. In the early 1500s, cannons (大炮) entered wide use in warfare. Cannonballs could dig into the base of stone walls and weaken them. The walls then fell under their own weight.(攻击者有时会携带被称为攻城器械的大型装备，用来攻破城堡的城门或城墙。这是一种带有金属头的沉重木梁。16 世纪早期，大炮在战争中得到广泛应用。炮弹能够轰进石墙底部，使其结构变脆弱，随后城墙便会因自身重量而坍塌)”，该段进一步介绍了攻击者借助攻城器械和大炮等手段来攻破城堡。综合这两段内容，其核心都是围绕攻击者如何对城堡发起攻击展开，所以选项 A“Attacking a castle.(攻击城堡)” 能够准确概括这两段的主旨。故选A 。 17．推理判断题。根据第二段“There were many power struggles between nobles and kings, and among the nobles themselves.(贵族与国王之间，以及贵族彼此之间存在许多权力斗争)” 以及最后两段提到的各种攻击城堡的方式可知，中世纪战争频繁。故选C。 Passage 6 In recent decades, global rates of short-sightedness have risen rapidly. Studies predict that half of the world’s population could be short-sighted by 2050. In the UK and Europe alone, cases have doubled over the past 50 years. A recent study analyzing data from 107,442 UK residents aged 40 — 69 revealed that age, education level, and ethnicity (种族) are closely linked to short-sightedness risks. The researchers found that there was a higher percentage of short-sightedness in people who were Chinese. In fact, Chinese participants had a 240% greater risk of developing short-sightedness in childhood compared to white participants. Interestingly, all other ethnic groups appeared to have a reduced risk of developing short-sightedness in childhood. The researchers also looked at the impact that education had on short-sightedness. They found that the more years spent in education, the greater the risk a person had of developing short-sightedness in both childhood and adulthood. They also showed that the youngest participants (those born between 1965 — 1970) who had a university education were eight times more likely to develop short-sightedness in childhood compared to those who had no formal education qualifications. The significant increase in short-sightedness is concerning for a number of reasons. For a person with short-sightedness, having to wear glasses can be costly. More significantly, it also puts them at greater risk of eye diseases. Not only could this seriously impact a person’s way of life, it would also put a greater financial strain on healthcare systems. There are a number of actions you can take to lower the risk of developing short-sightedness during childhood. Spending time outdoors has continued to demonstrate a protective effect against developing short-sightedness. But for children who may already be short-sighted, specialized glasses are available that have demonstrated success in reducing short-sightedness progression. 18．Which factor is NOT closely related to short-sightedness according to the recent study? A．Age. B．Height. C．Education level. D．Race. 19．From Paragraph 2 we can guess that ________. A．Chinese participants had a 240% risk of developing short-sightedness B．white participants have the highest risk of developing short-sightedness C．short-sightedness is a common problem in China D．short-sightedness is more serious in all other ethnic groups than in Chinese people 20．According to the writer, what is an effective way for children to prevent short-sightedness? A．Doing eye exercise. B．Wearing specialized glasses. C．Spending less time in education. D．Having outdoor activities. 21．What is the passage mainly about? A．Differences in short-sightedness rates across countries. B．The impact of outdoor activities on children’s health. C．Advances in short-sightedness correction technology. D．Rising short-sightedness rates and associated risk factors. 【答案】18．B 19．C 20．D 21．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了近几十年全球近视率上升，研究表明年龄、教育程度和种族与近视风险相关，多户外活动等可降低儿童近视风险。 18．细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study analyzing data from 107,442 UK residents aged 40 — 69 revealed that age, education level, and ethnicity (种族) are closely linked to short-sightedness risks.(最近的一项研究分析了来自107442名40至69岁英国居民的数据，结果显示年龄、教育水平和种族与近视风险密切相关)”可知，身高与近视的关系不大。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据第二段“The researchers found that there was a higher percentage of short-sightedness in people who were Chinese. In fact, Chinese participants had a 240% greater risk of developing short-sightedness in childhood compared to white participants. Interestingly, all other ethnic groups appeared to have a reduced risk of developing short-sightedness in childhood.(研究人员发现，中国人中近视患者的比例更高。事实上，与白人参与者相比，中国参与者在童年时期患近视的风险高出 240%。有趣的是，其他所有族裔群体在童年时期患近视的风险似乎都有所降低)”可知，近视在中国是一个普遍存在的问题。故选C。 20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Spending time outdoors has continued to demonstrate a protective effect against developing short-sightedness.(户外活动一直被证明对预防近视有保护作用)”可知，根据作者的观点，对于儿童来说，预防近视的有效方法是进行户外活动。故选D。 21．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“In recent decades, global rates of short-sightedness have risen rapidly. Studies predict that half of the world’s population could be short-sighted by 2050. In the UK and Europe alone, cases have doubled over the past 50 years. A recent study analyzing data from 107,442 UK residents aged 40 — 69 revealed that age, education level, and ethnicity (种族) are closely linked to short-sightedness risks.(近几十年来，全球近视率急剧上升。研究预测，到 2050 年，全球一半的人口可能会患有近视。仅在英国和欧洲地区，病例数量在过去 50 年里就翻了一番。最近的一项研究分析了来自 107，442 名 40 至 69 岁英国居民的数据，结果显示年龄、教育水平和种族与近视风险密切相关)”可知，这篇文章主要讲的是近视发病率的上升以及相关风险因素。故选D。 Passage 7 Eleven of the world's languages have at least one hundred million native speakers. The biggest are Mandarin Chinese, English, Spanish, Arabic and Hindi. Next come Portuguese, Bengali，Russian, Japanese, French and German. The United Nations says these eleven languages are the mother tongues of half the world's population. Bud Lane works with linguist (语言学家) Gregory Anderson to record words for a talking dictionary. But the world has close to seven thousand languages. Linguists predict that quite a lot of these may be at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. That would mean another language dies every two weeks. Members of the Siletz Indian tribe in the northwestern state of Oregon take pride in their language. Their language, they say, "is as old as time itself". But today very few people can speak it fluently. In fact, you can count the number of fluent speakers on one hand. Bud Lane is one of them. Several National Geographic Fellows helped him record fourteen thousand words and phrases in his native tongue. More than ten thousand entries (词条)can be found in the Siletz Online Talking Dictionary, first launched (推出) in 2007. Smartphone apps, YouTube videos and Facebook pages have all become digital tools for language activists and experts. In Canada's far north, the Inuit people are struggling to preserve their native language，Inuktitut. Part of the effort involves Microsoft. The company is translating terms in its Windows operating system and Office software into Inuktitut. Microsoft has also worked with language activists in New Zealand, Spain and Wales to translate its software into Maori, Basque, Catalan and Welsh. In Oregon, Bud Lane says technology alone cannot save endangered languages. He points to one sign of progress: young members of the tribe are now texting each other in tribal language. 22．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The efforts to protect threatened languages. B．The mother tongues of half the world's population. C．The disappearance of some tribal languages. D．A talking dictionary to save endangered languages. 23．Which of the following languages is Bud Lane's tribal language? A．Inuktitut. B．Siletz. C．Maori. D．Bengali. 24．About how many languages may disappear on average in a year? A．6. B．12. C．24. D．70. 25．Where could we hear Siletz at any time? A．On the air. B．On TV. C．On the tape. D．On the Internet. 26．How did Microsoft help to save the endangered languages? A．By teaching them on their company. B．By recording them in a talking dictionary. C．By using them in its software. D．By giving money to the researchers. 【答案】22．A 23．B 24．C 25．D 26．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了世界上很多语言面临消失的风险，以及人们为保护这些濒危语言所做出的努力。 22．主旨大意题。章首先指出世界上有许多语言面临消失的风险。根据第二段“Linguists predict that quite a lot of these may be at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. That would mean another language dies every two weeks.(语言学家预测，到本世纪末，其中相当多的语言可能面临消失的风险。这意味着每两周就会有另一种语言消失)接着详细介绍了各方为保护濒危语言所采取的行动。例如，第二段“Bud Lane works with linguist(语言学家)Gregory Anderson to record words for a talking dictionary.(巴德・莱恩与语言学家格雷戈里・安德森合作，为一本有声词典记录单词)”这表明巴德・莱恩通过为有声词典记录单词来保护语言。根据第三段“Members of the Siletz Indian tribe in the northwestern state of Oregon take pride in their language... Bud Lane is one of them. Several National Geographic Fellows helped him record fourteen thousand words and phrases in his native tongue.(俄勒冈州西北部的西莱茨印第安部落成员以他们的语言为荣…… 巴德・莱恩就是其中之一。几位国家地理学会会员帮助他用母语记录了一万四千个单词和短语)”体现了西莱茨印第安部落为保护本族语言所做的工作。根据第四段“In Canada's far north, the Inuit people are struggling to preserve their native language，Inuktitut. Part of the effort involves Microsoft. The company is translating terms in its Windows operating system and Office software into Inuktitut.(在加拿大遥远的北部，因纽特人正在努力保护他们的母语因纽特语。其中一部分努力涉及微软公司。该公司正在将其 Windows 操作系统和办公软件中的术语翻译成因纽特语)”展示了因纽特人和微软公司为保护因纽特语所付出的努力。综合全文内容，短文主要关于人们为保护濒危语言所做出的努力。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据第三段“Members of the Siletz Indian tribe in the northwestern state of Oregon take pride in their language... Bud Lane is one of them.(俄勒冈州西北部的西莱茨印第安部落成员以他们的语言为荣…… Bud Lane就是其中之一)” 可知，Bud Lane 所在部落语言是Siletz。故选B。 24．细节理解题题。根据第二段“That would mean another language dies every two weeks.(这意味着每两周就有一种语言消失)”可知，一年大约有 52 周，52÷2 = 26，接近 24，所以平均一年大约有 24 种语言消失。故选C。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段“More than ten thousand entries can be found in the Siletz Online Talking Dictionary, first launched in 2007.(2007 年首次推出的西莱茨在线有声词典中有一万多个词条)” 可知，在网上可以随时听到 Siletz 语言。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据第四段“The company is translating terms in its Windows operating system and Office software into Inuktitut. Microsoft has also worked with language activists in New Zealand, Spain and Wales to translate its software into Maori, Basque, Catalan and Welsh.(该公司正在将其 Windows 操作系统和 Office 软件中的术语翻译成因纽特语。微软还与新西兰、西班牙和威尔士的语言活动家合作，将其软件翻译成毛利语、巴斯克语、加泰罗尼亚语和威尔士语)” 可知，微软通过在软件中使用濒危语言来帮助拯救它们。故选C。 Passage 8 The ongoing debate regarding the future of leadership between artificial intelligence (AI) bosses and human bosses centers on efficiency, empathy (共情), and adaptability. AI bosses, driven by advanced algorithms (算法), excel in data analysis, decision-making, and unbiased evaluations. They can process vast amounts of information rapidly, ensuring decisions are based on data rather than emotions. AI's consistency in performance reviews and task assignments can lead to higher productivity and fairness in the workplace. However, AI lacks the human touch crucial for leadership. Empathy, understanding, and emotional intelligence are areas where human bosses shine. They can create a supportive work environment, address personal concerns, and inspire teams through their vision. Human leaders adapt to unforeseen challenges creatively, something AI may struggle with due to its reliance on pre-programmed responses. The ideal case for the future of leadership lies in a harmonious combination of AI and human capabilities. AI can act as a powerful collaborator handling routine datadriven tasks and providing valuable insights. For example, it can generate reports on sales performance or customer behavior. Meanwhile, human bosses can focus on developing relationships within the team. They can build trust, resolve conflicts, and make complex decisions that require a deep understanding of human nature. In conclusion, while AI offers impressive capabilities in efficiency and fairness, human bosses bring necessary emotional intelligence and adaptability. The future leadership is not a question of replacement, but a balance between the two, taking advantage of technology's power while keeping the human touch essential for effective management. 27．According to the passage, what can AI bosses do well in? A．Handling personal concerns. B．Making data-based decisions. C．Inspiring teams with their vision. D．Adapting to unforeseen challenges. 28．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．The advantages of human bosses. B．The working principles of AI bosses. C．The ways to improve human boss leadership. D．The future development of AI boss leadership. 29．What does the underlined word “collaborator” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Supplier. B．Manager. C．Partner. D．Sponsor. 30．What can we infer from the passage? A．Human bosses will resist the use of AI. B．AI bosses will soon replace human bosses. C．AI bosses are not fit for any leadership positions. D．The combination of AI and human bosses benefits work. 【答案】27．B 28．A 29．C 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨人工智能老板与人类老板在领导力方面的优劣及未来结合的趋势。 27．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“AI bosses, driven by advanced algorithms, excel in data analysis, decision-making, and unbiased evaluations. They can process vast amounts of information rapidly, ensuring decisions are based on data rather than emotions.(在先进算法的驱动下，人工智能老板在数据分析、决策和公正评估方面表现出色。它们可以快速处理大量信息，确保决策基于数据而非情感。)”可知，人工智能老板擅长基于数据做决策。故选B项。 28．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“However, AI lacks the human touch crucial for leadership. Empathy, understanding, and emotional intelligence are areas where human bosses shine. They can create a supportive work environment, address personal concerns, and inspire teams through their vision. Human leaders adapt to unforeseen challenges creatively, something AI may struggle with due to its reliance on pre-programmed responses. (然而，人工智能缺乏对领导力至关重要的人情味。同理心、理解能力和情感智慧是人类管理者的优势所在。他们能营造支持性的工作环境，关注个人诉求，并通过愿景激励团队。人类领导者能以创造性方式适应不可预见的挑战，而人工智能可能因依赖预设程序响应而在这方面举步维艰。)”可知，本段通过比较，列举了人类老板比人工智能老板有优势的地方，由此可知，第二段主要讲人类老板的优势。故选A项。 29．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The ideal case for the future of leadership lies in a harmonious combination of AI and human capabilities. (未来领导力的理想情况在于人工智能和人类能力的和谐结合。)”可知，人类老板与人工智能结合是未来领导力的理想情况，结合下文列举的例子“For example, it can generate reports on sales performance or customer behavior. Meanwhile, human bosses can focus on developing relationships within the team.(例如，人工智能能够生成关于销售业绩或客户行为的报告。与此同时，人类管理者则可以将精力集中在培养团队内部的人际关系上。)”可知，人工智能负责生成销售业绩或客户行为的报告，而人类老板专注于培养团队内部的人际关系，由此可推断，这是人类老板与人工智能老板的合作，由此可推断，划线单词“collaborator”意为“合作者”，与“Partner”同义。故选C项。 30．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The ideal case for the future of leadership lies in a harmonious combination of AI and human capabilities. AI can act as a powerful collaborator handling routine datadriven tasks and providing valuable insights. (未来领导力的理想情形在于人工智能与人类能力的和谐结合。人工智能可充当强大的协作伙伴，处理基于数据的日常任务并提供有价值的洞见。)”及最后一段中的“In conclusion, while AI offers impressive capabilities in efficiency and fairness, human bosses bring necessary emotional intelligence and adaptability. The future leadership is not a question of replacement, but a balance between the two, taking advantage of technology's power while keeping the human touch essential for effective management. (综上所述，尽管人工智能在效率和公平性方面展现出令人印象深刻的能力，但人类管理者带来了必要的情感智慧和适应能力。未来的领导力并非谁取代谁的问题，而是要在两者之间找到平衡 —— 既要借助技术的力量，又要保留对高效管理至关重要的人情味。)”可推断，人工智能与人类老板的结合对工作有益。故选D项。 Passage 9 Football is, I believe, the most popular game in England: one has only to go to the important matches to see this. Rich and poor, young and old, one can see them all there, shouting for one side or the other. To a stranger, one of the most surprising things about football in England is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have. He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams. He will tell you who he expects will win such a match, and his opinion is usually as good as that of men who are three or four times older. Most schools in England take football seriously — much more seriously than nearly all European schools where lessons are all very important and games are left for the children themselves. In England it is believed that education is not only a matter filling a boy’s mind with facts in the classroom; education also means the training of character (品格); and one of the best ways of training character is by means of games, especially team games, where a boy or girl has to learn to work with others for his or her team, instead of working for oneself alone. The school therefore plans games and matches for its students. Football is a good team game. It is good both for the body and the mind. That’s why it is every school’s game in England. 31．In England, a boy’s opinion of a match is often ________. A．three or four times better than that of adults B．worse than that of adults C．as good as that of adults D．about three or four adults 32．In almost all European schools, lessons are ________. A．left for the children themselves B．what the children like best C．as important as football games D．regarded the most important 33．In England, education means _______. A．filling a child’s mind with facts B．more than the teaching of knowledge C．the teaching of knowledge only D．training character by means of football games 34．Which word best describes the writer’s feeling about football? A．Supportive. B．Concerned. C．Excited. D．Surprised. 【答案】31．C 32．D 33．B 34．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了足球在英国的盛行及其背后的教育理念，体现了足球在英国社会和教育体系中的重要地位。 31．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“He will tell you who he expects will win such a match, and his opinion is usually as good as that of men who are three or four times older.( 他会告诉你他预计谁会赢得这样的比赛，他的意见通常和年长他三、四倍的人一样好。)”英国男孩对比赛的看法通常与比他们年长三四倍的成年人一样好。故选C项。 32．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most schools in England take football seriously—much more seriously than nearly all European schools where lessons are all very important and games are left for the children themselves.( 英格兰的大多数学校都很重视足球——比几乎所有的欧洲学校都要认真得多。在欧洲，足球课程非常重要，比赛留给孩子们自己。)”可知，在欧洲大多数学校，课程被视为最重要的，而游戏由孩子自主安排。故选D项。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In England it is believed that education is not only a matter filling a boy’s mind with facts in the classroom; education also means the training of character (品格)( 在英国，人们认为教育不仅仅是在课堂上向孩子们灌输知识；教育也意味着品格的培养。)”可知，英国认为教育不仅是知识灌输，还包括品格培养。故选B项。 34．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文通过描述足球在英国的普及、青少年的了解程度及学校对足球的重视，强调足球对教育（如团队合作、品格培养）的积极作用。以及最后一段中作者用“good team game(很好的团队运动)”“good both for the body and the mind(它对身体和精神都有好处) 等表述，态度明显支持。故选A项。 Passage 10 In recent news, DeepSeek, a leading artificial intelligence (AI) company, has made significant progress in developing advanced AI models. These models are designed to help people in various fields, such as education, healthcare, and technology. According to the company, their latest AI system can understand and process human language more accurately than ever before. This breakthrough could change the way we interact with technology in the future. DeepSeek’s new AI model, called DeepSeek-V3, is particularly good at reading and analyzing text. It can understand complex sentences, answer questions, and even summarize long articles. The company claims that this technology will be especially useful for students and teachers, as it can help with homework, research, and learning new concepts. In addition to its educational applications, DeepSeek-V3 is also being used in healthcare. Doctors and researchers are testing the AI to see if it can help diagnose (诊断) diseases faster and more accurately. The company believes that this technology could save lives by providing quick and reliable information to medical professionals. However, some people are concerned about the risks of AI. They worry that machines might replace human jobs or make decisions without considering ethical issues (伦理问题). DeepSeek has responded to these concerns by promising to use AI responsibly and to always prioritize (优先考虑) human safety and well-being. Despite these challenges, DeepSeek remains optimistic about the future of AI. The company is continuing to improve its technology and hopes to make AI more accessible to everyone. As AI becomes more advanced, it could revolutionize (彻底改变) the way we live, work, and learn. 35．What is the main topic of the article? A．The history of DeepSeek. B．The future of education technology. C．The risks of using AI in healthcare. D．The latest breakthrough in AI by Deep Seek. 36．How can DeepSeek-V3 help students and teachers? A．By helping with homework, research, and learning. B．By replacing teachers in the classroom. C．By diagnosing diseases in schools. D．By creating new educational games. 37．What is one concern people have about AI? A．It might become too expensive. B．It might replace human jobs. C．It might be too difficult to use. D．It might only be available to wealthy people. 38．What does DeepSeek promise to prioritize in its use of AI? A．Making more money. B．Replacing human workers. C．Human safety and well-being. D．Developing entertainment technology. 【答案】35．D 36．A 37．B 38．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了DeepSeek在人工智能技术上的最新突破。 35．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In recent news, DeepSeek, a leading artificial intelligence (AI) company, has made significant progress in developing advanced AI models.(最近有消息称，领先的人工智能公司DeepSeek在开发先进的人工智能模型方面取得了重大进展)”以及后文内容，可知文章讲述了DeepSeek在人工智能技术上的最新突破。故选D。 36．细节理解题。根据第二段“The company claims that this technology will be especially useful for students and teachers, as it can help with homework, research, and learning new concepts.(该公司声称，这项技术将对学生和教师特别有用，因为它可以帮助完成作业、研究和学习新概念)”可知，它可以帮助学生和老师做家庭作业、研究以及学习新概念。故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They worry that machines might replace human jobs or make decisions without considering ethical issues (伦理问题).(他们担心机器可能会取代人类的工作，或者在不考虑道德问题的情况下做出决定)”可知，人们担心机器可能会取代人类的工作。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“DeepSeek has responded to these concerns by promising to use AI responsibly and to always prioritize (优先考虑) human safety and well-being.(DeepSeek对这些担忧做出了回应，承诺负责任地使用人工智能，并始终优先考虑人类的安全和福祉)”可知DeepSeek承诺始终将人类的安全和福祉放在首位。故选C。 Passage 11 Fanni Sandor is an artist from Hungary. She likes shaping miniatures (微缩模型) of animals and plants which are not only cute but biologically (生物学地) correct. Sandor was trained as a microbiologist and science teacher before. Now she also spends much time creating some amazing art pieces that show the beauty of the natural world. When it comes to miniatures, Sandor is mainly a self-taught artist, though she has also studied painting and drawing for some years in art school. The first time she met the art of making miniatures was sometime in her twenties through the Internet. After knowing about the artistic style, she developed an interest in it at once. Sandor’s works include plants and animals like ducks, tree frogs, and some others. They are made out of all kinds of materials. Even though the artworks are very tiny, Sandor still spends days, and sometimes weeks, on a single piece. Why does Sandor create such art pieces? Actually, like many other environment-friendly artists, Sandor wants people to care more about nature. She makes her artworks so small on purpose that one cannot help but stop to watch them closely. “People walk past wonderful natural treasures every day, but it seems that they don’t care too much. Through my works, I want to tell others that if we walk with open eyes and pay attention, we can see a lot of miracles (奇迹) that nature has given us,” she said. 39．What are Fanni Sandor’s artworks about? A．Model planes. B．Model ships. C．Miniatures of clothes. D．Miniatures of animals and plants. 40．When did Sandor begin to learn about the art of making miniatures? A．In her twenties. B．In her thirties. C．In her forties. D．In her fifties. 41．How long does it take Sandor to create one miniature? A．Six minutes. B．Five hours. C．Days, and sometimes weeks. D．Ten years. 42．What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us about Sandor? A．Her education. B．Her family. C．Her purpose in art making. D．Her friends. 【答案】39．D 40．A 41．C 42．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了匈牙利艺术家Fanni Sandor，她擅长制作动植物微缩模型，还说明了她接触这门艺术的契机、创作耗时及创作目的。 39．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fanni Sandor is an artist from Hungary. She likes shaping miniatures (微缩模型) of animals and plants which are not only cute but biologically (生物学地) correct.(Fanni Sandor是一位来自匈牙利的艺术家。她喜欢塑造动植物的微缩模型，这些模型不仅可爱，而且在生物学上是正确的)”可知，Fanni Sandor的艺术作品是关于动植物的微缩模型。故选D项。 40．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first time she met the art of making miniatures was sometime in her twenties through the Internet.(她是通过互联网在她二十多岁的时候，第一次接触制作微缩模型的艺术)”可知，Sandor在二十多岁时开始了解制作微缩模型的艺术。故选A项。 41．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Even though the artworks are very tiny, Sandor still spends days, and sometimes weeks, on a single piece.(尽管这些艺术品非常小，但Sandor仍然会花上几天，有时甚至几周的时间来制作一件作品)”可知，Sandor创作一个微缩模型需要几天，有时甚至几周的时间。故选C项。 42．主旨大意题。根据倒数第一段“Why does Sandor create such art pieces? Actually, like many other environment friendly artists, Sandor wants people to care more about nature. She makes her artworks so small on purpose that one cannot help but stop to watch them closely. (桑多尔为什么要创作这样的艺术作品呢?实际上，和其他许多环保艺术家一样，桑多尔希望人们更多地关注自然。她故意把她的艺术品做得很小，以至于人们忍不住要停下来仔细观察它们)”和倒数第二段““People walk past wonderful natural treasures every day, but it seems that they don’t care too much. Through my works, I want to tell others that if we walk with open eyes and pay attention, we can see a lot of miracles (奇迹) that nature has given us,” she said.(“人们每天都会走过美妙的自然宝藏，但似乎他们并不太在意。通过我的作品，我想告诉其他人，如果我们睁大眼睛走路并加以关注，我们可以看到大自然赋予我们的许多奇迹，”她说。)”可知，这两段主要讲述了Sandor进行艺术创作的目的。故选C项。 Passage 12 What do a student in China, an office worker in the UK and an astronaut in space all have in common? They all eat instant noodles (方便面). And they’re not alone — over 100 billion servings of instant noodles are sold around the world each year, making them one of the world’s most successful industrial foods. But how did this happen? Put simply, they’re cheap to produce and cheap to buy, which was exactly what their creator expected. Momofuku Ando, a Japanese businessman, spent a year improving the recipe just after the Second World War. He wanted to make something similar to traditional Japanese ramen noodles (拉面). He used the wheat flour (面粉) donated to Japan by the US government. His creation was quickly popular, playing an important role in Japan’s economic (经济) rise after the war. But Japanese people are not alone in their devotion to instant noodles. According to the World’s Instant Noodles Association, the sales of instant noodles in China, Indonesia, Vietnam and India — in that order — were all bigger than Japan in 2021. Instant noodles’ popularity abroad simply depends on how easy they are to adapt to local tastes. In Thailand, for example, you can get green curry flavour (味道), while in Mexico the noodles are decorated with lime and salsa. And it seems that buyers have grown to expect new creation, Nissin, the food company set up by Ando, created over 300 products yearly, just in Japan, according to employee Kasura Suzuki. Different from those who love instant noodles, some people do not like the noodles very much. Their rise in popularity has come at an environmental cost — they’re made with palm oil. As a result, more trees are cut down. However, more than 60 years after their invention, instant noodles have become the popular food for anyone short on money, time, or even a kitchen. 43．How many servings of instant noodles are eaten around the world yearly? A．Over 100 billion. B．6,000. C．3,000. D．2,000. 44．Who created instant noodles in Japan? A．Momofuku Ando. B．A cook. C．Kasura Suzuki. D．A student. 45．Which country ate the most instant noodles in 2021? Please choose the correct order. A．Japan> India> China> Indonesia> Vietnam. B．India> China> Japan> Indonesia> Vietnam. C．China> India> Vietnam> Indonesia> Japan. D．China> Indonesia> Vietnam> India> Japan. 46．What do we know about instant noodles from the text? A．People around the world all eat instant noodles. B．The more people eat instant noodles, the more trees may be cut down. C．Only people short of money, time, or even a kitchen choose instant noodles. D．A Japanese businessman made instant noodles the same as traditional Japanese ramen noodles. 【答案】43．A 44．A 45．D 46．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了方便面的起源、发展，不同国家的消费情况以及受欢迎的原因，还提到了其带来的环境问题。 43．细节理解题。根据第一段中“And they’re not alone — over 100 billion servings of instant noodles are sold around the world each year, making them one of the world’s most successful industrial foods.(而且他们并不孤单——每年在世界各地销售超过1000亿份方便面，使其成为世界上最成功的工业食品之一)”可知，全世界每年要吃掉超过1000亿份方便面。故选A项。 44．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Momofuku Ando, a Japanese businessman, spent a year improving the recipe just after the Second World War. He wanted to make something similar to traditional Japanese ramen noodles (拉面). He used the wheat flour (面粉) donated to Japan by the US government. His creation was quickly popular, playing an important role in Japan’s economic (经济) rise after the war.(日本商人Momofuku Ando在二战后花了一年时间改良配方，希望用美国政府捐赠的面粉制作出类似传统日式拉面的食品。他发明的方便面迅速风靡全日本，为战后经济复苏发挥了重要作用)”可知，是Momofuku Ando在日本发明了方便面。故选A项。 45．细节理解题。根据第三段中“According to the World’s Instant Noodles Association, the sales of instant noodles in China, Indonesia, Vietnam and India — in that order — were all bigger than Japan in 2021.(据世界方便面协会统计，2021年中国、印度尼西亚、越南和印度的方便面销量依次超过日本)”可知，2021年方便面销量从高到低依次是中国、印度尼西亚、越南、印度、日本。故选D项。 46．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Their rise in popularity has come at an environmental cost — they’re made with palm oil. As a result, more trees are cut down.(它们受欢迎的同时也带来了环境代价——它们是用棕榈油制成的。结果，更多的树木被砍伐)”可推知，吃方便面的人越多，可能砍伐的树木就越多。故选B项。 Passage 13 Chess is popular around the world and has a long history. It’s based on an old game from India. The chess we play today is from Europe. Chess is a two-player game. One player uses the white pieces, and the other uses the black pieces. Each piece moves in a special way. Each player has a piece called the King. A player can only move one piece at a time. And he can’t move again until the other player moves. The game ends when a player loses the King. There are some more rules. Some people think chess is more than a game. They think it makes people’s mind stronger, because good chess players are good at using their heads. They usually think about what the other player will do next. These skills are useful both in chess and in life. Chess is a kind of exercise for the mind. Chess is not just for people. Computer began to play chess in the 1970s. At first, they didn’t play well. Later, they grew much stronger. In 1997, a computer beat the best player in the world for the first time. It was a computer called Deep Blue. Deep Blue was big. Chess surely has a long way to go. Don’t you think so? 47．Chess is based on an old game in ________. A．China B．America C．India D．Europe 48．What does the second paragraph want to tell us? A．We should play chess often. B．Some rules of chess. C．We need to use our heads. D．The history of chess. 49．What happens when a player loses the King in chess? A．The game goes on. B．The game ends. C．The player wins. D．The player gets another King. 50．When did a computer beat the best player in the world for the first time? A．In 1970. B．In 1976. C．In 1979. D．In 1997. 【答案】47．C 48．B 49．B 50．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际象棋的起源、规则、益处以及计算机在国际象棋领域的发展。 47．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s based on an old game from India.(它是基于印度的一个古老游戏)”可知，国际象棋是基于印度的一个古老游戏。故选C。 48．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Chess is a two-player game. One player uses the white pieces, and the other uses the black pieces. Each piece moves in a special way. Each player has a piece called the King. A player can only move one piece at a time. And he can’t move again until the other player moves. The game ends when a player loses the King.(国际象棋是两个人的游戏。一个玩家使用白棋，另一个使用黑棋。每个棋子都有特殊的移动方式。每个玩家都有一个叫国王的棋子。玩家一次只能移动一个棋子。在另一个玩家移动之前，他不能再移动。当玩家失去国王时，游戏结束)”可知，第二段主要想告诉我们国际象棋的一些规则。故选B。 49．细节理解题。根据第二段“The game ends when a player loses the King.(当玩家失去国王时，游戏结束)”可知，当玩家在国际象棋中失去国王时，游戏结束。故选B。 50．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In 1997, a computer beat the best player in the world for the first time.(1997年，一台计算机首次击败了世界上最好的棋手)”可知，计算机第一次打败世界上最好的棋手是在1997年。故选D。 Passage 14 I’ve kept many of my childhood friendships so far. But as we grew up, some of them moved to other cities and those who remained in my city have jobs and families. Planning our schedules was challenging. I had to find a new way to make friends. So I asked relationship experts for their suggestions. First, consider what’s keeping you from expanding your friendships. “We can give it different names, like the fear of not being liked, or the fear of doing it wrong, or the fear of being judged,” says Shasta Nelson. “Behind all of that is the fear of being rejected (拒绝).” If you’re looking for someone online who shares your interest like hiking, the app Meetup may be a perfect choice for you. After hanging out online for some time, you may want to get together in person. But there’s always a risk of rejection. Still, someone needs to take the first step. Coffee or lunch is a good place to start. If you both own pets, meet at a dog park. Make safety an important thing by meeting in a public space. If you don’t think you know enough about them, keep your friendship online until you feel more comfortable getting together. Don’t let the rush of making a new friend cloud your better judgment. After you’ve made the move from online friends to friends in real life, there’s no reason you can’t toggle (切换) between online and in-person friendships. Keep the momentum (势头) going and stay connected with your friends. 51．What made the author change her way of making friends? A．Moving to a new city. B．Having only a few friends in her city. C．Becoming a relationship expert. D．Being difficult to keep in touch with old friends. 52．Why did the author mention Shasta Nelson’s words in Paragraph 2? A．To discuss why people are often rejected. B．To encourage people to be open to new friends. C．To explain why people find it hard to make new friends. D．To prove that friendships are important in people’s lives. 53．What can people do with Meetup? A．Make online friends with similar interests. B．Learn how to get along well with others. C．Develop various new hobbies. D．Catch up with old friends. 54．What does the underlined word “cloud” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Form. B．Accept. C．Test. D．Confuse. 【答案】51．D 52．C 53．A 54．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在网上交友以及维持这样的友谊。 51．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But as we grew up, some of them moved to other cities and those who remained in my city have jobs and families. Planning our schedules was challenging. I had to find a new way to make friends.(但随着我们长大，他们中的一些人搬到了其他城市，而留在我所在城市的人有了工作和家庭。计划我们的日程是很有挑战性的。我必须找到一种新的交朋友的方式。)”可知，作者之所以要找到新的交友方式是因为她很难和老朋友保持联系。故选D。 52．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“First, consider what’s keeping you from expanding your friendships. “We can give it different names, like the fear of not being liked, or the fear of doing it wrong, or the fear of being judged,” says Shasta Nelson. “Behind all of that is the fear of being rejected (拒绝).(首先，考虑是什么阻碍了你扩大友谊。“我们可以给它起不同的名字，比如害怕不被喜欢，或者害怕做错，或者害怕被评判，”Shasta Nelson说。“这一切的背后是害怕被拒绝。”)”可知，作者在第二段提到Shasta Nelson的话是为了解释我们为什么很难交到新朋友。故选C。 53．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“If you’re looking for someone online who shares your interest like hiking, the app Meetup may be a perfect choice for you.(如果你正在网上寻找一个和你有共同爱好的人，比如徒步旅行，Meetup应用程序可能是你的完美选择。)”可知，人们可以用Meetup应用程序结交拥有共同爱好的人。故选A。 54．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“If you don’t think you know enough about them, keep your friendship online until you feel more comfortable getting together.(如果你觉得你对他们还不够了解，那就把你们的友谊保持在网上，直到你们在一起感觉更舒服为止。)”可知，作者建议要足够了解网友再线下见面。由此可知，划线单词的词义指的是不要让匆忙的交友“混淆”你的判断，cloud的意思是“混淆”，和Confuse意思相近。故选D。 Passage 15 Bike, bus, train, car, or plane? How do our travel choices impact the climate? The answer will be given in the book The Carbon Footprint of Everything by Mike Berners-Lee. Biking vs. Driving Riding a bike is always a better choice than driving. It’s healthier and you’ re not burning any petrol. But you’re still burning fuel — your food. Food choices matter. Raising cows for beef and dairy produces a lot of emissions (排放). Berners-Lee writes, “If your cycling calories come from hamburgers, the emissions are about the same as driving.” Bus vs. Train Buses and trains carry many people. So the carbon impact of the ride gets divided among all the passengers. The fuel powering a bus or train also needs to push all the weight that isn’t people. Trains are extremely large and heavy. All that extra weight makes the climate impact of a train ride more than that of a bus ride. Car vs. Plane Only about two percent of global emissions come from air travel. But that’s mainly because it’s much less common than other forms of travel. Planes carry more people than cars, so a plane trip is usually worse for the climate. Getting a heavy plane up into the sky and keeping it there burns lots of fuel. And today we can’t change to electric passenger planes because batteries aren’t yet powerful enough. Also, burning fuel high in the sky has a greater impact on climate change than burning the same amount of fuel close to the ground. “It’s hard to avoid flying less,” writes Berners-Lee. 55．What advantage does riding a bike have over driving? A．Burning less petrol. B．Benefiting health C．Pushing more weight D．Producing more emissions 56．Why is a bus ride better according to Paragraph 3? A．It is much heavier. B．It is much larger. C．Its emissions are fewer. D．It carries more people. 57．Why does air travel produce fewer global emissions? A．Traveling by plane is less common B．Planes carry more passengers. C．Planes use less fuel in the sky. D．Planes use powerful batteries. 58．What might be the most suitable title for the passage? A．Causes of flying less B．Benefits of riding a bike C．Impacts of travel choice D．Advantages of electric planes 【答案】55．B 56．C 57．A 58．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了不同出行方式对气候产生的不同影响。 55．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Riding a bike is always a better choice than driving. It’s healthier and you’ re not burning any petrol.(骑自行车总是比开车更好的选择。它更健康，而且你不消耗任何汽油)”可知，骑自行车相较于开车的优势是对健康有益。故选B。 56．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Buses and trains carry many people. So the carbon impact of the ride gets divided among all the passengers. The fuel powering a bus or train also needs to push all the weight that isn’t people. Trains are extremely large and heavy. All that extra weight makes the climate impact of a train ride more than that of a bus ride.(公共汽车和火车载很多人。所以乘坐的碳影响会分摊到所有乘客身上。为公共汽车或火车提供动力的燃料也需要推动所有不是人的重量。火车非常大且重。所有这些额外的重量使得乘坐火车对气候的影响比乘坐公共汽车更大)”可知，虽然公共汽车和火车都载很多人，但是火车因为自身更重，所以排放的碳影响更大。由此推知，坐公共汽车更好是因为它的排放更少。故选C。 57．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Only about two percent of global emissions come from air travel. But that’s mainly because it’s much less common than other forms of travel.(全球排放中只有大约2%来自航空旅行。但这主要是因为它比其他旅行形式要少见得多)”可知，航空旅行产生的全球排放较少是因为乘飞机旅行不太常见。故选A。 58．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Bike, bus, train, car, or plane? How do our travel choices impact the climate? The answer will be given in the book The Carbon Footprint of Everything by Mike Berners-Lee.(自行车、公共汽车、火车、汽车还是飞机？我们的出行选择对气候有怎样的影响？答案将在迈克・伯纳斯 - 李所著的《万物的碳足迹》一书中给出)”可知，文章讲述了不同出行方式对气候产生的不同影响。由此可知，“Impacts of travel choice(旅行选择的影响)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 16 So, how do pets have such a great positive effect on both our physical and mental health? It’s likely that there are a number of factors at play. First. pets offer company. Research shows that being alone can have a hugely harmful effect on our physical and mental health, with studies linking it to heart disease, anxiety, depression and so on. It also appears that pets promote (促进) social connections. Studies have shown that walking out with a dog result in much more conversations with passing strangers than walking alone. But, it’s not just dogs that can increase our social connections. A 1975 study gave a group of elderly individuals either a plant or a bird to look after over a period of three years. They found that those caring for a bird had built up a significantly bigger community of friends and visitors than those with a plant. Pet ownership can also come with increased exercise, which may help to explain some of the heart and mental health benefits. And it may explain why dogs, who need to be taken out regularly for walks, appear to be more beneficial for heart health than other pets. Although the exact mechanism (机制) of health promotion is still-unknown, one thing is clear: pets are great for our health and well worth bringing into our homes if we’ re looking to make new friends, add a spring to our step and perhaps even days to our life. 59．What will happen when you walk out with a dog? A．The dog will attack other animals. B．The dog will get excited outside home. C．Strangers will walk past you at a safe distance D．There will be more chances of talking with strangers 60．Why does the writer mention “a 1975 study” in Paragraph 3? A．To support an idea. B．To tell a story. C．To present a fact. D．To make a guess. 61．What will the writer probably recommend? A．Study the mechanism of health promotion. B．Grow some plants at home. C．Keep a pet at home. D．Do more exercise 62．How many positive effects of pets does the passage show? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 【答案】59．D 60．A 61．C 62．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了宠物对人类身心健康的多方面积极影响。 59．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Studies have shown that walking out with a dog result in much more conversations with passing strangers than walking alone.(研究表明，与独自散步相比，带着狗外出散步会带来更多与路过陌生人的交谈机会)”可知，当你带着狗出去散步时，会有更多与陌生人交谈的机会。故选D。 60．推理判断题。根据第三段“But, it’s not just dogs that can increase our social connections. A 1975 study gave a group of elderly individuals either a plant or a bird to look after over a period of three years. They found that those caring for a bird had built up a significantly bigger community of friends and visitors than those with a plant.(但是，并非只有狗能够增进我们的社交关系。一项 1975 年的研究让一群老年人在三年的时间里要么照料一株植物，要么照料一只鸟。研究人员发现，那些照料鸟的人比照料植物的人建立起了规模大得多的朋友圈子，也有更多人来探访他们)”可知，作者提到1975年的研究是为了支持“宠物能促进社交联系”这一观点，说明不仅仅是狗能增加我们的社交联系，照顾鸟的老人也建立了更大的朋友和访客社区。故选A。 61．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Although the exact mechanism (机制) of health promotion is still-unknown, one thing is clear: pets are great for our health and well worth bringing into our homes if we’ re looking to make new friends, add a spring to our step and perhaps even days to our life.(尽管促进健康的确切机制仍然未知，但有一点是明确的：宠物对我们的健康大有裨益。如果我们想要结交新朋友、让自己步伐轻快起来，甚至有可能延长寿命，那么宠物是非常值得养在家里的)”可知，作者认为宠物对我们的健康有好处，如果我们想结交新朋友，给我们的生活增添活力，甚至延长我们的寿命，那么把宠物带回家是值得的。因此，作者可能会推荐在家里养宠物。故选C。 62．细节理解题。根据第一段的“First. pets offer company.(宠物提供陪伴)”；第二段的“It also appears that pets promote (促进) social connections.(宠物促进社交联系)”以及最后一段的“Pet ownership can also come with increased exercise, which may help to explain some of the heart and mental health benefits.(养宠物会增加锻炼，这可能有助于解释对心脏和心理健康的一些好处)”可知，文章中提到宠物的积极影响一共有三个方面。所以选 B。 Passage 17 Concept cars(概念车) are model cars created by car makers to show new ideas and designs. With concept cars, the future looks so beautiful. Even though most of us can’t afford such unbelievable cars, we still like their beautiful design and, if they were built, we would love to see them on the streets. Car makers create innovative designs for their future goals. However, most concept cars may never go into production. They serve as a source of inspiration and creativity for future models. Cool concept cars are often displayed at shows in order to receive suggestions from customers. Then, the designers can improve future plans and technologies. In recent times, cars are often practical, safe, and affordable. As the suburbs have grown, many people have to spend more time on their way to work. This change has made cars become more important. However, some people have argued that cars in recent years have also become overly boring. The futuristic designs of the 1970s have become a thing of the past, and popular standard models are often short of imagination. However, there is a wide range of concept cars that have been produced. They are running to a better future. 63．What do we know about concept cars from Paragraph 1? A．They are cheap enough for everyone to afford. B．They are model cars to show new ideas and designs. C．Their design never looks beautiful. D．They have already been seen everywhere. 64．Why are cool concept cars often displayed at shows? A．To receive suggestions from customers. B．To sell more concept cars for money. C．To replace normal cars in daily life. D．To attract children for education. 65．What do some people argue about cars in recent years? A．They are not practical. B．They are too expensive. C．They are not safe enough. D．They are overly boring. 66．According to the text, what is the future of concept cars? A．It is terrible. B．It is dark. C．It is bright. D．It is hopeless. 【答案】63．B 64．A 65．D 66．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了概念车的定义及其相关知识。概念车是汽车制造商为展示新想法和设计而创造的模型车。 63．细节理解题。根据第一段首句“Concept cars(概念车) are model cars created by car makers to show new ideas and designs.(概念车是汽车制造商为展示新想法和设计而创造的模型车)”可知，概念车是为展示新想法和设计而创造的模型车。故选B项。 64．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cool concept cars are often displayed at shows in order to receive suggestions from customers. Then, the designers can improve future plans and technologies.(很酷的概念车经常在车展上展出，以获得客户的建议。然后，设计师可以改进未来的计划和技术)”可知，概念车经常在车展上展出是想要得到来自消费者的建议。故选A项。 65．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, some people have argued that cars in recent years have also become overly boring.(然而，一些人认为，近年来汽车也变得过于无聊)”可知，人们认为近些年的汽车设计过于无聊，没有新意。故选D项。 66．细节理解题。根据最后一段末句“However, there is a wide range of concept cars that have been produced. They are running to a better future.(然而，已经生产的概念车种类繁多。他们正在奔向更美好的未来)”可知，概念车的未来前景是光明的，很有前途。故选C项。 Passage 18 The continent of Antarctica has two seasons—winter and summer. Every winter, the emperors penguins (帝企鹅) return to Antarctica from the ocean to breed (繁殖). They’re the only penguins big, strong and tough enough to battle winter and raise their chicks on Antarctica’s vast plains of open ice. Winter brings with it strong snowstorms, six months of almost 24-hour darkness, and freezing temperatures. The penguins travel up to 120km across the ice to reach their land. There, they pair up and in May the female lays an egg. She gives the egg to the male for safekeeping and returns to the sea to hunt. For the egg to survive, the male must make sure it doesn’t touch the icy ground. And that’s a huge challenge. No trees or bushes exist on Antarctic—it’s almost entirely covered in snow and ice. So, to create a nest, an emperor penguin dad uses his feet, where it hatches at a cosy 36°C． But he must not let the egg touch the ground for the next two months! When the weather becomes worse, male emperors take advantage of what they have around them—each other. The protective fathers crowd together to create a break from the wind and cold, and to capture body heat. Amazingly, the temperature inside a large emperor penguin group can reach 37°C! Up to 5,000 male penguins group together moving continuously by taking small steps every 30–60 seconds. These steps make the emperor huddle move in a kind of wave, with each bird slowly working its way to the middle of the group, then out again. This ensures every penguin gets a spell at the centre, keeping warm. 67．Why do emperor penguins return to Antarctica in winter? A．To search for various foods. B．To lay eggs and raise babies. C．To enjoy the special weather. D．To stay together with others. 68．What is the role of the male emperor penguin according to this passage? A．Building nests for the egg. B．Teaching the unborn chick. C．Keeping the egg warm. D．Finding food for the female. 69．Why do the emperor penguin dads crowd together? A．They are lacking in individual survival skills. B．They gather to overcome extreme conditions. C．They need to stay together to search for food. D．They have got used to the fixed social pattern. 70．What is mainly talked about in this passage? A．The terrible climate of Antarctica. B．The difficulties emperor penguins face. C．The different penguins in Antarctica. D．The breeding behavior of emperor penguins. 【答案】67．B 68．C 69．B 70．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了帝企鹅在南极洲的繁殖行为，包括它们如何返回南极洲繁殖、如何保护蛋不受寒冷影响以及如何通过聚集在一起保持温暖等。 67．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Every winter, the emperors penguins (帝企鹅) return to Antarctica from the ocean to breed (繁殖). (每年冬天，帝企鹅都会从海洋返回南极大陆进行繁殖)”可知，帝企鹅在冬季返回南极是为了繁殖，即产卵和养育幼崽。故选B。 68．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For the egg to survive, the male must make sure it doesn’t touch the icy ground. (为了使蛋存活，雄性必须确保它不接触冰冷的地面)”和“So, to create a nest, an emperor penguin dad uses his feet, where it hatches at a cosy 36°C. But he must not let the egg touch the ground for the next two months! (所以，为了筑起一个巢，帝企鹅爸爸会用双脚托住蛋，那里能保持舒适的36摄氏度来孵化。但在接下来的两个月里，他绝不能让蛋碰到地面！)”可知，雄性帝企鹅的角色是确保蛋保持温暖，不让它接触到冰冷的地面。故选C。 69．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When the weather becomes worse, male emperors take advantage of what they have around them—each other. The protective fathers crowd together to create a break from the wind and cold, and to capture body heat. (当天气变差时，雄性帝企鹅会利用身边现有的东西——彼此。这些具有保护意识的父亲们聚集在一起，以避开寒风，并相互取暖)”可知，帝企鹅爸爸们聚集在一起是为了共同抵御恶劣的天气条件，如强风和寒冷。故选B。 70．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Every winter, the emperors penguins (帝企鹅) return to Antarctica from the ocean to breed (繁殖). (每年冬天，帝企鹅都会从海洋返回南极大陆进行繁殖)”、第二段中“There, they pair up and in May the female lays an egg. She gives the egg to the male for safekeeping and returns to the sea to hunt. (在那里，它们结成伴侣，到了五月，雌性会产下一枚蛋。她把蛋交给雄性保管，然后返回大海捕猎) ”以及最后一段中“When the weather becomes worse, male emperors take advantage of what they have around them—each other. The protective fathers crowd together to create a break from the wind and cold, and to capture body heat. (当天气变差时，雄性帝企鹅会利用身边现有的东西——彼此。这些具有保护意识的父亲们聚集在一起，以避开寒风，并相互取暖) ”可知，文章主要描述了帝企鹅在南极冬季的繁殖行为，包括它们如何返回南极、如何孵化蛋以及如何通过聚集来抵御恶劣天气。因此，文章的主要内容是关于帝企鹅的繁殖行为。故选D。 Passage 19 In May, China Railway conducted a survey on the demand for pet transportation on high-speed trains. The survey gained widespread attention far beyond potential train passengers. While many pet owners looked forward to the possibility of bringing pets onboard, some people were worried that the pets might cause injuries and spread diseases. The industry surrounding pets is considered to have begun in 1992, the year in which the country’s first organization devoted to small animal protection was founded. According to a recent report, China’s pet economy was valued at 592.8 billion yuan ($83 billion) in 2023. In May, some new standards for lost animal rescue and pet funerals were proposed. A month later, Shanghai became the first city in the country to issue rules for the display of animals in indoor commercial places. These developments have highlighted the shifting role of animals in China’s cities and the necessity for more regulation of the pet economy. The rising number of pets in cities over the past three decades has caused heated debates over the use of public resources and spaces. As more and more people see pets as not just animals living under the same roof, but as close members of their families and communities, finding the right balance for people and animals to coexist in a city environment becomes an increasingly important task. 71．Why did China Railway conduct the survey? A．To analyse the needs of pets traveling on trains. B．To know the exact number of pets in China. C．To find the cause of people’s keeping pets. D．To conclude the response of the owners of pets. 72．What can we know about pet economy in China? A．Most of the people are worried about it. B．It was valued at 592.8 billion dollars in 2023. C．It was first started in Shanghai before 2023. D．More rules are needed for its development. 73．How does the author develop the second paragraph? A．By following space order. B．By following time order. C．By giving some examples. D．By making comparison. 74．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Pets in the city. B．China Railway’s survey. C．Pets on the train. D．China Railway’s worry. 【答案】71．A 72．D 73．B 74．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国铁路对高铁宠物运输需求的调查，以及围绕宠物行业在中国的发展、相关标准的提出、规则的制定等，强调了动物在中国城市中角色的转变以及对宠物经济进行更多监管的必要性。 71．推理判断题。根据第一段中“In May, China Railway conducted a survey on the demand for pet transportation on high-speed trains. (5月，中国铁路对高铁宠物运输需求进行了调查)”提到中国铁路进行了高铁宠物运输需求调查，结合后文“While many pet owners looked forward to the possibility of bringing pets onboard, some people were worried that the pets might cause injuries and spread diseases. (虽然许多宠物主人期待着带宠物上车的可能性，但也有人担心宠物可能会造成伤害并传播疾病)”可知，调查是为了了解宠物主人对宠物乘坐高铁的需求情况，以便做出相关决策。故选A。 72．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“These developments have highlighted the shifting role of animals in China’s cities and the necessity for more regulation of the pet economy. (这些发展突显了动物在中国城市中角色的转变，以及加强对宠物经济监管的必要性)”可知，宠物经济的发展需要更多的规则来进行规范。故选D。 73．推理判断题。根据第二段“The industry surrounding pets is considered to have begun in 1992, the year in which the country’s first organization devoted to small animal protection was founded. According to a recent report, China’s pet economy was valued at 592.8 billion yuan ($83 billion) in 2023. In May, some new standards for lost animal rescue and pet funerals were proposed. A month later, Shanghai became the first city in the country to issue rules for the display of animals in indoor commercial places. (宠物行业被认为始于1992年，这一年，中国第一个致力于小动物保护的组织成立了。根据最近的一份报告，2023年中国宠物经济价值5928亿元人民币（830亿美元）。5月，提出了一些关于走失动物救援和宠物葬礼的新标准。一个月后，上海成为全国首个出台室内商业场所动物展示规定的城市)”可知，本段是按照时间顺序，从1992年宠物行业开始，到2023年宠物经济价值，再到5月和6月的相关标准和规则的提出，进行了阐述。故选B。 74．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“In May, China Railway conducted a survey on the demand for pet transportation on high-speed trains. (5月，中国铁路对高铁宠物运输需求进行了调查)”提到中国铁路进行了高铁宠物运输需求调查；以及最后一段中“These developments have highlighted the shifting role of animals in China’s cities and the necessity for more regulation of the pet economy. (这些发展突显了动物在中国城市中角色的转变，以及加强对宠物经济监管的必要性)”可知，文章主要围绕城市中的宠物角色变化及宠物经济监管展开；A选项“城市中的宠物”符合文章主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 Passage 20 “Get out of your comfort zone.” “Take no for an answer.” “Do something every day that makes you feel uncomfortable.” If you’ve spent any time on social media you’ll be used to seeing these motivational ideas. And you might have been seeing more recently thanks to the “rejection therapy (拒绝疗法)” trend. The most basic version involves pushing yourself to make a silly request or ask a question that’s almost certain to get turned down. Do it enough times, the theory goes, and you’ll be made less sensitive to rejection and improve your confidence. Others take it further, performing funny, harmless tricks that will attract attention — and possible judgement from strangers — in public. While it’s not an officially recognized form of therapy, some people will tell you it’s changed their lives. One person who believes in rejection therapy is Sophie Jones. She filmed herself dancing in a public park — something that would normally have terrified her. Sophie now regularly posts videos on social media of her challenging herself in increasingly eye-catching ways. That’s included painting herself green and walking around busy areas, and her most popular upload, where she stands in the middle of a plane and loudly tells the other passengers to “have a lovely flight”, got 16 million views. Dr Louise is a psychologist skilled in attachment and relationships. “I understand the idea of intentionally seeking out rejection to lose the fear of it, ” she says. “It can be helpful. But it doesn’t necessarily mean it will ease the pain of the rejection. It could have the opposite effect and make you return to the comfort zone.” 75．Which of the following belongs to “rejection therapy”? A．Take yes for an answer. B．Do something uncomfortable daily. C．Get into of your comfort zone. D．Post videos on social media. 76．What does the underlined phrase “turned down” mean? A．hated B．liked C．accepted D．refused 77．What did Sophie do to carry out rejection therapy? A．She performed funny and harmful tricks. B．She filmed herself dancing in a public park. C．She walked around wearing green clothes. D．she greeted other passengers loudly on a bus. 78．What’s Dr Louise’s attitude towards “rejection therapy”? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Cautious. D．Careless. 【答案】75．B 76．D 77．B 78．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“拒绝疗法”这一趋势，包括其基本形式、具体做法以及不同人对它的看法。 75．推理判断题。根据第一段““Get out of your comfort zone.’ ‘Take no for an answer.’ ‘Do something every day that makes you feel uncomfortable.” If you’ve spent any time on social media you’ll be used to seeing these motivational ideas. (“走出你的舒适区。”“接受拒绝。”“每天做一件让你感到不舒服的事。”如果你在社交媒体上花过一些时间，就会对这些激励性的话语习以为常)以及第二段中“And you might have been seeing more recently thanks to the “rejection therapy (拒绝疗法)” trend. The most basic version involves pushing yourself to make a silly request or ask a question that’s almost certain to get turned down.(你最近可能看到更多，这要归功于“拒绝疗法”的趋势。最基本的形式是强迫自己提出一个愚蠢的要求或问一个几乎肯定会被拒绝的问题)”可知，“拒绝疗法”要求人们做一些让自己不舒服的事情。故选B。 76．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The most basic version involves pushing yourself to make a silly request or ask a question that’s almost certain to get turned down. Do it enough times, the theory goes, and you’ll be made less sensitive to rejection and improve your confidence.(最基本的形式是强迫自己提出一个愚蠢的要求或问一个几乎肯定会被turn down的问题。理论认为，这样做足够多次后，你会对拒绝变得不那么敏感，从而增强自信心)”可知，这里指的是提出一个几乎肯定会被拒绝的问题。turned down意为“拒绝”。A.hated讨厌；B. liked喜欢；C. accepted接受；D. refused拒绝。故选D。 77．细节理解题。根据第四段中“One person who believes in rejection therapy is Sophie Jones. She filmed herself dancing in a public park—something that would normally have terrified her. (Sophie Jones是相信拒绝疗法的人之一。她在公园里拍下了自己跳舞的视频——这通常会让她感到害怕)”可知，Sophie Jones为了实践“拒绝疗法”，在公园里拍下了自己跳舞的视频。故选B。 78．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr Louise is a psychologist skilled in attachment and relationships. “I understand the idea of intentionally seeking out rejection to lose the fear of it, ” she says. “It can be helpful. But it doesn’t necessarily mean it will ease the pain of the rejection. It could have the opposite effect and make you return to the comfort zone.” (路易丝博士是一位擅长依恋和人际关系问题的心理学家。“我理解故意寻求拒绝以消除对它的恐惧的想法，”她说。“这可能有用。但这并不一定意味着它会减轻被拒绝的痛苦。它可能会产生相反的效果，让你回到舒适区。”)”可知，路易丝博士对“拒绝疗法”持谨慎态度。她认为虽然这种疗法可能有一定帮助，但并不一定能减轻被拒绝的痛苦，甚至可能产生相反的效果。故选C。 试卷第20页，共41页 试卷第21页，共41页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ · 专题05 说明文阅读 知识讲解——学考英语说明文阅读全面复习指南 一、出题类型详解与例题精析 1. 细节理解题 这是最基础的题型，考查对文中明确陈述的具体信息的捕捉能力。答案通常可以直接从原文中找到。 例题1：原文段落： "Robots have now become an important part of agricultural and industrial workforce in various countries. They mark an important advance in mechanization (机械化) of the production process. In a field in England, three little robots have been given a great job: to find and kill grass with electricity before planting seeds in the soil." 题目： What can we know about the three robots from Paragraph 1? A. They are huge. B. They can plant seeds. C. They work in a field. D. They come from America. 例题2：原文段落： "We waste 1.3 billion tons of food every year. This is too much --- the waste weighs as much as 200 million elephants!" 题目： How many tons of food are wasted every year? A. 1 billion. B. 1.3 billion. C. 100 million. D. 200 million. 2. 词义/句意猜测题 考查学生根据上下文语境推断生词、短语或句子含义的能力。 例题：原文段落： "Have beings from outer space already visited Earth? Probably not... Scientists believe we will make contact with other life forms in our universe within the next 20 years." 题目： What do the underlined words "life forms" in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Messages. B. Beings. C. Planets. D. Stars. 3. 主旨大意题 考查对段落或全文中心思想的概括能力。 例题（段落主旨）： 原文段落（第五段）： "The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%. The little robots allow farmers to free their soils from chemicals. Using fewer chemicals is going to save much money and is good for the environment. As well as reducing the use of chemicals, robots will also bring us better soil quality and more plants and animals." 题目： What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The harm that chemicals cause. B. The cost farmers spend on farming. C. A famous company that produces robots. D. The advantages that the farming robots bring. 4. 推理判断题 考查基于文章已知信息进行合理逻辑推断的能力。答案不能直接找到，需要“拐个弯”想一下。 例题： 原文线索： 第二段提到“There were many power struggles between nobles and kings, and among the nobles themselves.”，最后两段详细描述了各种攻击城堡的残酷方式。 题目： What can we learn from the text? A. Kings in ancient Europe were more generous. B. Some castles were built to attract more visitors. C. Warfare must be common during the Middle Ages. D. Drawbridges were used to break through castle doors. 5. 指代关系题 考查对文中代词（如it, that, they）或指示性词语所指代内容的理解。 例题： 原文段落： "But some nobles simply claimed land as their own and built a castle on it. That was asking for trouble." 题目： The underlined word "That" in Para. 2 refers to the fact that _______. A. the nobles claimed land as their own and built a castle on it B. the nobles promised to serve the king in return C. the nobles provided the king with soldiers D. the nobles simply lived on their own 6. 观点态度题 考查对作者或文中某人物所持观点和态度的判断。 例题：原文线索： 作者在文中使用“the most popular game”, “good for both the body and the mind”, “every school's game”等积极正面的评价性语言。 题目： Which word best describes the writer's feeling about football? A. Supportive. B. Concerned. C. Excited. D. Surprised. 二、解题技巧深度剖析与易错点警示 题型 深度解题技巧 易错点警示 细节理解题 1. 定位关键词： 圈出题干中的核心名词、动词、数字、专有名词等， 2. 精准比对： 回到原文，找到关键词所在句子，仔细比对选项和原文的同义转换（如“reduce costs”对应“save money”）。 1. 张冠李戴： 选项信息在原文中确实存在，但并非题目所问的内容。 2. 偷换概念： 选项对原文信息进行了细微修改，造成意思偏差。 词义猜测题 1. 上下文逻辑： 利用定义、解释、举例、对比、因果等逻辑关系。 2. 词根词缀： 分析生词的构成来辅助猜测。 3. 代入验证： 将选项代入原文，看哪个最符合语境，使文章通顺。 脱离语境，盲目猜测： 仅凭单词本身或自己的常识猜测，而不看其所在句子的前后文。 主旨大意题 1. 首尾句原则： 文章和段落的中心思想常出现在开头或结尾。2. 高频词/重复词： 反复出现的词汇往往是文章的核心话题。3. 概括性： 正确选项通常具有宏观性和概括性，错误选项往往是某个细节。 以偏概全： 误将某个段落或细节的主旨当作全文的主旨。 推理判断题 1. 立足原文： 推理必须源于原文，有据可依。2. 合理逻辑： 答案应是原文信息的必然延伸，而非凭空想象。3. 警惕绝对词： 含有“never”, “always”, “all”等绝对化词语的选项往往是错误的。 过度推理： 推理出的内容超出了原文所能支持的范围，加入了过多主观臆断。 指代关系题 向前看原则： 代词（it, they, that等）通常指代前文最近出现的名词或句子。 指代方向错误： 向后寻找或指代过远的名词。 三、备考方法与注意事项 类别 具体项目 说明与建议 📚 备考方法 1. 词汇积累 持续背诵高频核心词汇及学科术语（如环保、科技、健康等主题词），并注意积累常见的同义替换表达。 2. 题型专练 分题型进行专项训练（如细节题、推理题、主旨题等），熟悉每种题型的提问方式和解题技巧，总结规律。 3. 限时训练 模拟真实考试环境，严格控制每篇阅读的答题时间（建议5-8分钟/篇），提升阅读速度和答题效率。 4. 精读与反思 对做过的每一篇文章进行精读分析，尤其关注错题，弄明白错误原因（是定位错误、理解偏差还是逻辑推断失误）。 5. 真题演练 考前集中刷历年真题，感受出题风格和难度，保持题感，并对反复出现的考点进行重点复习。 ⚠️ 注意事项 1. 答题顺序 推荐 “先题后文”：先快速浏览题目和选项，带着问题去阅读文章，目标明确，效率更高。 2. 时间分配 合理分配时间，避免在某一道难题上过度纠结。如超过2分钟无头绪，可先标记，完成全卷后再回头思考。 3. 处理生词 遇到生词勿慌！ 多数生词可通过上下文猜测其大致含义，或完全不影响答题。不要因个别单词打乱阅读节奏。 4. 定位与比对 答案一定源于原文。找到题干关键词在文中的位置后，仔细比对选项与原文，注意选项的同义转述或偷换概念。 5. 主旨把握 时刻思考段落或文章的核心思想。选择主旨题答案时，排除那些只涉及细节信息、表述片面的选项。 6. 逻辑推理 推理判断题的答案必须是文章信息的合理延伸，有据可依，切忌脱离原文进行主观臆想或过度推理。 7. 检查环节 检查时，优先确认答题卡填涂是否准确无误。对于修改答案要谨慎，除非有充分理由，否则相信第一印象。 📌 考前注意事项清单： 事项 具体说明 时间分配 每篇阅读建议在5-8分钟内完成，为后续题目和检查留出时间。 答题顺序 推荐先快速浏览题目，带着问题去读文章，目的性更强，效率更高。 处理生词 遇到生词不要慌！ 多数生词不影响理解主旨，可根据上下文猜测。关键人名、地名等不必知道意思。 长难句处理 抓住主干（主谓宾），暂时忽略插入语、定语从句等修饰成分，先理解核心意思。 检查环节 检查时，再次确认答案是否源自原文，是否有逻辑支撑，避免因粗心改错答案。 心态调整 保持冷静。说明文阅读是“有章可循”的，答案都在文中，相信自己一定能找到。 二： 习题训练 Passage 1 Robots have now become an important part of agricultural and industrial workforce in various countries. They mark an important advance in mechanization (机械化) of the production process. In a field in England, three little robots have been given a great job: to find and kill grass with electricity before planting seeds in the soil. The robots are named Tom, Dick and Harry. Tom is the first of the three clever robots to start working. He watches the crops carefully and collects the information about each plant. He can create a short introduction to each plant and even make decisions on what chemicals are needed for your crops. Dick does the dirty work. He can go to each plant that is doing bad to the crops and take it out. Plants that are good for the crops are left. He can spray (喷洒) things like chemicals in order to keep plants healthy. Harry is a planter. He digs holes into the field and puts seeds into the ground, and records where he puts them. If a seed doesn’t grow, he can easily travel there and plants a new seed. The smart robots are made by Small Robot. The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%. The little robots allow farmers to free their soils from chemicals. Using fewer chemicals is going to save much money and is good for the environment. As well as reducing the use of chemicals, robots will also bring us better soil quality and more plants and animals.     “We have to change farming now, or else there won’t be anything to farm,” says Small Robot. 1．What can we know about the three robots from Paragraph 1? A．They are huge. B．They can plant seeds. C．They work in a field. D．They come from America. 2．Which may be done by Dick? A．Collecting information. B．Killing insects. C．Digging holes. D．Planting seeds. 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The harm that chemicals cause. B．The cost farmers spend on farming. C．A famous company that produces robots. D．The advantages that the farming robots bring. 4．What is the best structure for the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the suitable title for the passage? A．The Changes on Farming B．Protecting the Plants C．Living a Modern life D．The History of Robots Passage 2 Is there intelligent life on other planets besides Earth? For years, scientists weren’t sure. Today, this is changing. Scientists believe intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings. Why do they think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. This is too long for only one planet in the whole universe to develop intelligent life. The second reason is size—there are at least 100 billion galaxies. And our galaxy has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets that circle these stars might be similar to Earth. In the past, it was difficult to search for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, advanced telescopes (望远镜) allow scientists to identify many more small planets in other solar systems. If these planets are similar to Earth, they might have intelligent life. Have beings from outer space already visited Earth? Probably not. The distance between planets is too great. Despite this, scientists think intelligent beings might eventually contact us using other methods, but now we may not have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. Scientists believe we will make contact with other life forms in our universe within the next 20 years. 6．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To discuss how life probably started on Earth. B．To tell when the universe possibly came into being. C．To describe what life on other planets might look like. D．To explain why we may find intelligent life outside of Earth. 7．Which statement would scientists agree with? A．Intelligent life only exits on one planet. B．Intelligent beings will never contact us. C．Advanced telescopes help to discover more planets. D．There are at least 100 billion planets in our galaxy. 8．What do the underlined words “life forms” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Messages. B．Beings. C．Planets. D．Stars. 9．What’s scientists’ attitude towards finding intelligent life in the future? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Uncertain. D．Doubtful. Passage 3 We waste 1.3 billion tons of food every year. This is too much — the waste weighs as much as 200 million elephants! Most of food waste happens in North America and Europe, where about 100kg of food per person is wasted each year. However, there are still millions of people that don’t have enough to eat. Food waste isn’t just bad for humans, though. It’s also bad for the environment. When we put food waste into the landfill, it produces a dangerous gas that can keep heat inside of the Earth’s atmosphere. That’s why it’s one of the causes of global warming. There are also chemicals that come out of the food and go into the soil. When it rains, the chemicals then go into our rivers and lakes. As a result, food waste seriously harms our bodies of water.    People don’t think about how food is made when they’re throwing it away. A lot of water is used to grow plants that make food. We use a lot of energy because we need fuel to transport food. If we waste this food, we waste our planet’s natural resources. For these reasons, it is important for us all to reduce our food waste. 10．How many tons of food are wasted every year? A．1 billion. B．1.3 billion. C．100 million. D．200 million. 11．What’s the result when the chemicals go into rivers and lakes? A．The body of water is seriously harmed. B．The heat is kept inside of the atmosphere. C．A dangerous gas is slowly disappearing. D．A piece of land is gradually formed. 12．What do we know from Paragraph 3? A．People think twice before throwing food away. B．Little water is used to grow plants that make food. C．We seldom need fuel to transport food every day. D．Wasting food means wasting our natural resources. 13．What will the writer probably talk about in the next paragraph? A．Reasons for reducing our food waste. B．Reasons for saving natural resources. C．Methods of reducing our food waste. D．Methods of growing various plants. Passage 4 Passage 5 The castle (城堡) was the home of a king or nobleman (贵族). Most of the castles we think of today were built in Europe. They were built from about 1,000 AD to about 1,500 AD, during a period known as the Middle Ages. Castles played an important role after the fall of the Roman Empire. When a king gave land to nobles, the nobles promised in return to serve the king and provide him with soldiers. Nobles built castles on the lands given to them. But some nobles simply claimed land as their own and built a castle on it. That was asking for trouble. There were many power struggles between nobles and kings, and among the nobles themselves. Many stone castles were surrounded by a wide ditch called a moat (护城河). Some moats were filled with water, but many were not. The only way into the castle was across a wooden drawbridge over the moat. If enemies attacked, the defenders raised the bridge. Then they lowered a heavy iron-and-wood barrier called a portcullis to block the entrance to the castle. A well-built castle was a pretty safe place to be. Attackers had a hard time getting in. But they still had some options. They could go over the walls using ladders. They could break through the walls or doors. Or they could dig under the walls and try to get part of the wall to fall down. If none of those things worked, they could just camp outside until the defenders ran out of food. Attackers sometimes brought large machines called siege engines with them to break through castle doors or walls. This was a heavy wooden beam with a metal cap. In the early 1500s, cannons (大炮) entered wide use in warfare. Cannonballs could dig into the base of stone walls and weaken them. The walls then fell under their own weight. As a result, castles were no longer needed. 14．The underlined word “That” in Para. 2 refers to the fact that ________. A．the nobles claimed land as their own and built a castle on it B．the nobles promised to serve the king in return C．the nobles provided the king with soldiers D．the nobles simply lived on their own 15．What would happen to the wooden drawbridge when enemies attacked? A．It would be destroyed. B．It would be lowered. C．It would be blocked. D．It would be raised. 16．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．Attacking a castle. B．Visiting a castle. C．A pretty safe place. D．Weakness of a castle. 17．What can we learn from the text? A．Kings in ancient Europe were more generous. B．Some castles were built to attract more visitors. C．Warfare must be common during the Middle Ages. D．Drawbridges were used to break through castle doors. Passage 6 In recent decades, global rates of short-sightedness have risen rapidly. Studies predict that half of the world’s population could be short-sighted by 2050. In the UK and Europe alone, cases have doubled over the past 50 years. A recent study analyzing data from 107,442 UK residents aged 40 — 69 revealed that age, education level, and ethnicity (种族) are closely linked to short-sightedness risks. The researchers found that there was a higher percentage of short-sightedness in people who were Chinese. In fact, Chinese participants had a 240% greater risk of developing short-sightedness in childhood compared to white participants. Interestingly, all other ethnic groups appeared to have a reduced risk of developing short-sightedness in childhood. The researchers also looked at the impact that education had on short-sightedness. They found that the more years spent in education, the greater the risk a person had of developing short-sightedness in both childhood and adulthood. They also showed that the youngest participants (those born between 1965 — 1970) who had a university education were eight times more likely to develop short-sightedness in childhood compared to those who had no formal education qualifications. The significant increase in short-sightedness is concerning for a number of reasons. For a person with short-sightedness, having to wear glasses can be costly. More significantly, it also puts them at greater risk of eye diseases. Not only could this seriously impact a person’s way of life, it would also put a greater financial strain on healthcare systems. There are a number of actions you can take to lower the risk of developing short-sightedness during childhood. Spending time outdoors has continued to demonstrate a protective effect against developing short-sightedness. But for children who may already be short-sighted, specialized glasses are available that have demonstrated success in reducing short-sightedness progression. 18．Which factor is NOT closely related to short-sightedness according to the recent study? A．Age. B．Height. C．Education level. D．Race. 19．From Paragraph 2 we can guess that ________. A．Chinese participants had a 240% risk of developing short-sightedness B．white participants have the highest risk of developing short-sightedness C．short-sightedness is a common problem in China D．short-sightedness is more serious in all other ethnic groups than in Chinese people 20．According to the writer, what is an effective way for children to prevent short-sightedness? A．Doing eye exercise. B．Wearing specialized glasses. C．Spending less time in education. D．Having outdoor activities. 21．What is the passage mainly about? A．Differences in short-sightedness rates across countries. B．The impact of outdoor activities on children’s health. C．Advances in short-sightedness correction technology. D．Rising short-sightedness rates and associated risk factors. Passage 7 Eleven of the world's languages have at least one hundred million native speakers. The biggest are Mandarin Chinese, English, Spanish, Arabic and Hindi. Next come Portuguese, Bengali，Russian, Japanese, French and German. The United Nations says these eleven languages are the mother tongues of half the world's population. Bud Lane works with linguist (语言学家) Gregory Anderson to record words for a talking dictionary. But the world has close to seven thousand languages. Linguists predict that quite a lot of these may be at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. That would mean another language dies every two weeks. Members of the Siletz Indian tribe in the northwestern state of Oregon take pride in their language. Their language, they say, "is as old as time itself". But today very few people can speak it fluently. In fact, you can count the number of fluent speakers on one hand. Bud Lane is one of them. Several National Geographic Fellows helped him record fourteen thousand words and phrases in his native tongue. More than ten thousand entries (词条)can be found in the Siletz Online Talking Dictionary, first launched (推出) in 2007. Smartphone apps, YouTube videos and Facebook pages have all become digital tools for language activists and experts. In Canada's far north, the Inuit people are struggling to preserve their native language，Inuktitut. Part of the effort involves Microsoft. The company is translating terms in its Windows operating system and Office software into Inuktitut. Microsoft has also worked with language activists in New Zealand, Spain and Wales to translate its software into Maori, Basque, Catalan and Welsh. In Oregon, Bud Lane says technology alone cannot save endangered languages. He points to one sign of progress: young members of the tribe are now texting each other in tribal language. 22．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The efforts to protect threatened languages. B．The mother tongues of half the world's population. C．The disappearance of some tribal languages. D．A talking dictionary to save endangered languages. 23．Which of the following languages is Bud Lane's tribal language? A．Inuktitut. B．Siletz. C．Maori. D．Bengali. 24．About how many languages may disappear on average in a year? A．6. B．12. C．24. D．70. 25．Where could we hear Siletz at any time? A．On the air. B．On TV. C．On the tape. D．On the Internet. 26．How did Microsoft help to save the endangered languages? A．By teaching them on their company. B．By recording them in a talking dictionary. C．By using them in its software. D．By giving money to the researchers. Passage 8 The ongoing debate regarding the future of leadership between artificial intelligence (AI) bosses and human bosses centers on efficiency, empathy (共情), and adaptability. AI bosses, driven by advanced algorithms (算法), excel in data analysis, decision-making, and unbiased evaluations. They can process vast amounts of information rapidly, ensuring decisions are based on data rather than emotions. AI's consistency in performance reviews and task assignments can lead to higher productivity and fairness in the workplace. However, AI lacks the human touch crucial for leadership. Empathy, understanding, and emotional intelligence are areas where human bosses shine. They can create a supportive work environment, address personal concerns, and inspire teams through their vision. Human leaders adapt to unforeseen challenges creatively, something AI may struggle with due to its reliance on pre-programmed responses. The ideal case for the future of leadership lies in a harmonious combination of AI and human capabilities. AI can act as a powerful collaborator handling routine datadriven tasks and providing valuable insights. For example, it can generate reports on sales performance or customer behavior. Meanwhile, human bosses can focus on developing relationships within the team. They can build trust, resolve conflicts, and make complex decisions that require a deep understanding of human nature. In conclusion, while AI offers impressive capabilities in efficiency and fairness, human bosses bring necessary emotional intelligence and adaptability. The future leadership is not a question of replacement, but a balance between the two, taking advantage of technology's power while keeping the human touch essential for effective management. 27．According to the passage, what can AI bosses do well in? A．Handling personal concerns. B．Making data-based decisions. C．Inspiring teams with their vision. D．Adapting to unforeseen challenges. 28．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．The advantages of human bosses. B．The working principles of AI bosses. C．The ways to improve human boss leadership. D．The future development of AI boss leadership. 29．What does the underlined word “collaborator” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Supplier. B．Manager. C．Partner. D．Sponsor. 30．What can we infer from the passage? A．Human bosses will resist the use of AI. B．AI bosses will soon replace human bosses. C．AI bosses are not fit for any leadership positions. D．The combination of AI and human bosses benefits work. Passage 9 Football is, I believe, the most popular game in England: one has only to go to the important matches to see this. Rich and poor, young and old, one can see them all there, shouting for one side or the other. To a stranger, one of the most surprising things about football in England is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have. He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams. He will tell you who he expects will win such a match, and his opinion is usually as good as that of men who are three or four times older. Most schools in England take football seriously — much more seriously than nearly all European schools where lessons are all very important and games are left for the children themselves. In England it is believed that education is not only a matter filling a boy’s mind with facts in the classroom; education also means the training of character (品格); and one of the best ways of training character is by means of games, especially team games, where a boy or girl has to learn to work with others for his or her team, instead of working for oneself alone. The school therefore plans games and matches for its students. Football is a good team game. It is good both for the body and the mind. That’s why it is every school’s game in England. 31．In England, a boy’s opinion of a match is often ________. A．three or four times better than that of adults B．worse than that of adults C．as good as that of adults D．about three or four adults 32．In almost all European schools, lessons are ________. A．left for the children themselves B．what the children like best C．as important as football games D．regarded the most important 33．In England, education means _______. A．filling a child’s mind with facts B．more than the teaching of knowledge C．the teaching of knowledge only D．training character by means of football games 34．Which word best describes the writer’s feeling about football? A．Supportive. B．Concerned. C．Excited. D．Surprised. Passage 10 In recent news, DeepSeek, a leading artificial intelligence (AI) company, has made significant progress in developing advanced AI models. These models are designed to help people in various fields, such as education, healthcare, and technology. According to the company, their latest AI system can understand and process human language more accurately than ever before. This breakthrough could change the way we interact with technology in the future. DeepSeek’s new AI model, called DeepSeek-V3, is particularly good at reading and analyzing text. It can understand complex sentences, answer questions, and even summarize long articles. The company claims that this technology will be especially useful for students and teachers, as it can help with homework, research, and learning new concepts. In addition to its educational applications, DeepSeek-V3 is also being used in healthcare. Doctors and researchers are testing the AI to see if it can help diagnose (诊断) diseases faster and more accurately. The company believes that this technology could save lives by providing quick and reliable information to medical professionals. However, some people are concerned about the risks of AI. They worry that machines might replace human jobs or make decisions without considering ethical issues (伦理问题). DeepSeek has responded to these concerns by promising to use AI responsibly and to always prioritize (优先考虑) human safety and well-being. Despite these challenges, DeepSeek remains optimistic about the future of AI. The company is continuing to improve its technology and hopes to make AI more accessible to everyone. As AI becomes more advanced, it could revolutionize (彻底改变) the way we live, work, and learn. 35．What is the main topic of the article? A．The history of DeepSeek. B．The future of education technology. C．The risks of using AI in healthcare. D．The latest breakthrough in AI by Deep Seek. 36．How can DeepSeek-V3 help students and teachers? A．By helping with homework, research, and learning. B．By replacing teachers in the classroom. C．By diagnosing diseases in schools. D．By creating new educational games. 37．What is one concern people have about AI? A．It might become too expensive. B．It might replace human jobs. C．It might be too difficult to use. D．It might only be available to wealthy people. 38．What does DeepSeek promise to prioritize in its use of AI? A．Making more money. B．Replacing human workers. C．Human safety and well-being. D．Developing entertainment technology. Passage 11 Fanni Sandor is an artist from Hungary. She likes shaping miniatures (微缩模型) of animals and plants which are not only cute but biologically (生物学地) correct. Sandor was trained as a microbiologist and science teacher before. Now she also spends much time creating some amazing art pieces that show the beauty of the natural world. When it comes to miniatures, Sandor is mainly a self-taught artist, though she has also studied painting and drawing for some years in art school. The first time she met the art of making miniatures was sometime in her twenties through the Internet. After knowing about the artistic style, she developed an interest in it at once. Sandor’s works include plants and animals like ducks, tree frogs, and some others. They are made out of all kinds of materials. Even though the artworks are very tiny, Sandor still spends days, and sometimes weeks, on a single piece. Why does Sandor create such art pieces? Actually, like many other environment-friendly artists, Sandor wants people to care more about nature. She makes her artworks so small on purpose that one cannot help but stop to watch them closely. “People walk past wonderful natural treasures every day, but it seems that they don’t care too much. Through my works, I want to tell others that if we walk with open eyes and pay attention, we can see a lot of miracles (奇迹) that nature has given us,” she said. 39．What are Fanni Sandor’s artworks about? A．Model planes. B．Model ships. C．Miniatures of clothes. D．Miniatures of animals and plants. 40．When did Sandor begin to learn about the art of making miniatures? A．In her twenties. B．In her thirties. C．In her forties. D．In her fifties. 41．How long does it take Sandor to create one miniature? A．Six minutes. B．Five hours. C．Days, and sometimes weeks. D．Ten years. 42．What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us about Sandor? A．Her education. B．Her family. C．Her purpose in art making. D．Her friends. Passage 12 What do a student in China, an office worker in the UK and an astronaut in space all have in common? They all eat instant noodles (方便面). And they’re not alone — over 100 billion servings of instant noodles are sold around the world each year, making them one of the world’s most successful industrial foods. But how did this happen? Put simply, they’re cheap to produce and cheap to buy, which was exactly what their creator expected. Momofuku Ando, a Japanese businessman, spent a year improving the recipe just after the Second World War. He wanted to make something similar to traditional Japanese ramen noodles (拉面). He used the wheat flour (面粉) donated to Japan by the US government. His creation was quickly popular, playing an important role in Japan’s economic (经济) rise after the war. But Japanese people are not alone in their devotion to instant noodles. According to the World’s Instant Noodles Association, the sales of instant noodles in China, Indonesia, Vietnam and India — in that order — were all bigger than Japan in 2021. Instant noodles’ popularity abroad simply depends on how easy they are to adapt to local tastes. In Thailand, for example, you can get green curry flavour (味道), while in Mexico the noodles are decorated with lime and salsa. And it seems that buyers have grown to expect new creation, Nissin, the food company set up by Ando, created over 300 products yearly, just in Japan, according to employee Kasura Suzuki. Different from those who love instant noodles, some people do not like the noodles very much. Their rise in popularity has come at an environmental cost — they’re made with palm oil. As a result, more trees are cut down. However, more than 60 years after their invention, instant noodles have become the popular food for anyone short on money, time, or even a kitchen. 43．How many servings of instant noodles are eaten around the world yearly? A．Over 100 billion. B．6,000. C．3,000. D．2,000. 44．Who created instant noodles in Japan? A．Momofuku Ando. B．A cook. C．Kasura Suzuki. D．A student. 45．Which country ate the most instant noodles in 2021? Please choose the correct order. A．Japan> India> China> Indonesia> Vietnam. B．India> China> Japan> Indonesia> Vietnam. C．China> India> Vietnam> Indonesia> Japan. D．China> Indonesia> Vietnam> India> Japan. 46．What do we know about instant noodles from the text? A．People around the world all eat instant noodles. B．The more people eat instant noodles, the more trees may be cut down. C．Only people short of money, time, or even a kitchen choose instant noodles. D．A Japanese businessman made instant noodles the same as traditional Japanese ramen noodles. Passage 13 Chess is popular around the world and has a long history. It’s based on an old game from India. The chess we play today is from Europe. Chess is a two-player game. One player uses the white pieces, and the other uses the black pieces. Each piece moves in a special way. Each player has a piece called the King. A player can only move one piece at a time. And he can’t move again until the other player moves. The game ends when a player loses the King. There are some more rules. Some people think chess is more than a game. They think it makes people’s mind stronger, because good chess players are good at using their heads. They usually think about what the other player will do next. These skills are useful both in chess and in life. Chess is a kind of exercise for the mind. Chess is not just for people. Computer began to play chess in the 1970s. At first, they didn’t play well. Later, they grew much stronger. In 1997, a computer beat the best player in the world for the first time. It was a computer called Deep Blue. Deep Blue was big. Chess surely has a long way to go. Don’t you think so? 47．Chess is based on an old game in ________. A．China B．America C．India D．Europe 48．What does the second paragraph want to tell us? A．We should play chess often. B．Some rules of chess. C．We need to use our heads. D．The history of chess. 49．What happens when a player loses the King in chess? A．The game goes on. B．The game ends. C．The player wins. D．The player gets another King. 50．When did a computer beat the best player in the world for the first time? A．In 1970. B．In 1976. C．In 1979. D．In 1997. Passage 14 I’ve kept many of my childhood friendships so far. But as we grew up, some of them moved to other cities and those who remained in my city have jobs and families. Planning our schedules was challenging. I had to find a new way to make friends. So I asked relationship experts for their suggestions. First, consider what’s keeping you from expanding your friendships. “We can give it different names, like the fear of not being liked, or the fear of doing it wrong, or the fear of being judged,” says Shasta Nelson. “Behind all of that is the fear of being rejected (拒绝).” If you’re looking for someone online who shares your interest like hiking, the app Meetup may be a perfect choice for you. After hanging out online for some time, you may want to get together in person. But there’s always a risk of rejection. Still, someone needs to take the first step. Coffee or lunch is a good place to start. If you both own pets, meet at a dog park. Make safety an important thing by meeting in a public space. If you don’t think you know enough about them, keep your friendship online until you feel more comfortable getting together. Don’t let the rush of making a new friend cloud your better judgment. After you’ve made the move from online friends to friends in real life, there’s no reason you can’t toggle (切换) between online and in-person friendships. Keep the momentum (势头) going and stay connected with your friends. 51．What made the author change her way of making friends? A．Moving to a new city. B．Having only a few friends in her city. C．Becoming a relationship expert. D．Being difficult to keep in touch with old friends. 52．Why did the author mention Shasta Nelson’s words in Paragraph 2? A．To discuss why people are often rejected. B．To encourage people to be open to new friends. C．To explain why people find it hard to make new friends. D．To prove that friendships are important in people’s lives. 53．What can people do with Meetup? A．Make online friends with similar interests. B．Learn how to get along well with others. C．Develop various new hobbies. D．Catch up with old friends. 54．What does the underlined word “cloud” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Form. B．Accept. C．Test. D．Confuse. Passage 15 Bike, bus, train, car, or plane? How do our travel choices impact the climate? The answer will be given in the book The Carbon Footprint of Everything by Mike Berners-Lee. Biking vs. Driving Riding a bike is always a better choice than driving. It’s healthier and you’ re not burning any petrol. But you’re still burning fuel — your food. Food choices matter. Raising cows for beef and dairy produces a lot of emissions (排放). Berners-Lee writes, “If your cycling calories come from hamburgers, the emissions are about the same as driving.” Bus vs. Train Buses and trains carry many people. So the carbon impact of the ride gets divided among all the passengers. The fuel powering a bus or train also needs to push all the weight that isn’t people. Trains are extremely large and heavy. All that extra weight makes the climate impact of a train ride more than that of a bus ride. Car vs. Plane Only about two percent of global emissions come from air travel. But that’s mainly because it’s much less common than other forms of travel. Planes carry more people than cars, so a plane trip is usually worse for the climate. Getting a heavy plane up into the sky and keeping it there burns lots of fuel. And today we can’t change to electric passenger planes because batteries aren’t yet powerful enough. Also, burning fuel high in the sky has a greater impact on climate change than burning the same amount of fuel close to the ground. “It’s hard to avoid flying less,” writes Berners-Lee. 55．What advantage does riding a bike have over driving? A．Burning less petrol. B．Benefiting health C．Pushing more weight D．Producing more emissions 56．Why is a bus ride better according to Paragraph 3? A．It is much heavier. B．It is much larger. C．Its emissions are fewer. D．It carries more people. 57．Why does air travel produce fewer global emissions? A．Traveling by plane is less common B．Planes carry more passengers. C．Planes use less fuel in the sky. D．Planes use powerful batteries. 58．What might be the most suitable title for the passage? A．Causes of flying less B．Benefits of riding a bike C．Impacts of travel choice D．Advantages of electric planes Passage 16 So, how do pets have such a great positive effect on both our physical and mental health? It’s likely that there are a number of factors at play. First. pets offer company. Research shows that being alone can have a hugely harmful effect on our physical and mental health, with studies linking it to heart disease, anxiety, depression and so on. It also appears that pets promote (促进) social connections. Studies have shown that walking out with a dog result in much more conversations with passing strangers than walking alone. But, it’s not just dogs that can increase our social connections. A 1975 study gave a group of elderly individuals either a plant or a bird to look after over a period of three years. They found that those caring for a bird had built up a significantly bigger community of friends and visitors than those with a plant. Pet ownership can also come with increased exercise, which may help to explain some of the heart and mental health benefits. And it may explain why dogs, who need to be taken out regularly for walks, appear to be more beneficial for heart health than other pets. Although the exact mechanism (机制) of health promotion is still-unknown, one thing is clear: pets are great for our health and well worth bringing into our homes if we’ re looking to make new friends, add a spring to our step and perhaps even days to our life. 59．What will happen when you walk out with a dog? A．The dog will attack other animals. B．The dog will get excited outside home. C．Strangers will walk past you at a safe distance D．There will be more chances of talking with strangers 60．Why does the writer mention “a 1975 study” in Paragraph 3? A．To support an idea. B．To tell a story. C．To present a fact. D．To make a guess. 61．What will the writer probably recommend? A．Study the mechanism of health promotion. B．Grow some plants at home. C．Keep a pet at home. D．Do more exercise 62．How many positive effects of pets does the passage show? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. Passage 17 Concept cars(概念车) are model cars created by car makers to show new ideas and designs. With concept cars, the future looks so beautiful. Even though most of us can’t afford such unbelievable cars, we still like their beautiful design and, if they were built, we would love to see them on the streets. Car makers create innovative designs for their future goals. However, most concept cars may never go into production. They serve as a source of inspiration and creativity for future models. Cool concept cars are often displayed at shows in order to receive suggestions from customers. Then, the designers can improve future plans and technologies. In recent times, cars are often practical, safe, and affordable. As the suburbs have grown, many people have to spend more time on their way to work. This change has made cars become more important. However, some people have argued that cars in recent years have also become overly boring. The futuristic designs of the 1970s have become a thing of the past, and popular standard models are often short of imagination. However, there is a wide range of concept cars that have been produced. They are running to a better future. 63．What do we know about concept cars from Paragraph 1? A．They are cheap enough for everyone to afford. B．They are model cars to show new ideas and designs. C．Their design never looks beautiful. D．They have already been seen everywhere. 64．Why are cool concept cars often displayed at shows? A．To receive suggestions from customers. B．To sell more concept cars for money. C．To replace normal cars in daily life. D．To attract children for education. 65．What do some people argue about cars in recent years? A．They are not practical. B．They are too expensive. C．They are not safe enough. D．They are overly boring. 66．According to the text, what is the future of concept cars? A．It is terrible. B．It is dark. C．It is bright. D．It is hopeless. Passage 18 The continent of Antarctica has two seasons—winter and summer. Every winter, the emperors penguins (帝企鹅) return to Antarctica from the ocean to breed (繁殖). They’re the only penguins big, strong and tough enough to battle winter and raise their chicks on Antarctica’s vast plains of open ice. Winter brings with it strong snowstorms, six months of almost 24-hour darkness, and freezing temperatures. The penguins travel up to 120km across the ice to reach their land. There, they pair up and in May the female lays an egg. She gives the egg to the male for safekeeping and returns to the sea to hunt. For the egg to survive, the male must make sure it doesn’t touch the icy ground. And that’s a huge challenge. No trees or bushes exist on Antarctic—it’s almost entirely covered in snow and ice. So, to create a nest, an emperor penguin dad uses his feet, where it hatches at a cosy 36°C． But he must not let the egg touch the ground for the next two months! When the weather becomes worse, male emperors take advantage of what they have around them—each other. The protective fathers crowd together to create a break from the wind and cold, and to capture body heat. Amazingly, the temperature inside a large emperor penguin group can reach 37°C! Up to 5,000 male penguins group together moving continuously by taking small steps every 30–60 seconds. These steps make the emperor huddle move in a kind of wave, with each bird slowly working its way to the middle of the group, then out again. This ensures every penguin gets a spell at the centre, keeping warm. 67．Why do emperor penguins return to Antarctica in winter? A．To search for various foods. B．To lay eggs and raise babies. C．To enjoy the special weather. D．To stay together with others. 68．What is the role of the male emperor penguin according to this passage? A．Building nests for the egg. B．Teaching the unborn chick. C．Keeping the egg warm. D．Finding food for the female. 69．Why do the emperor penguin dads crowd together? A．They are lacking in individual survival skills. B．They gather to overcome extreme conditions. C．They need to stay together to search for food. D．They have got used to the fixed social pattern. 70．What is mainly talked about in this passage? A．The terrible climate of Antarctica. B．The difficulties emperor penguins face. C．The different penguins in Antarctica. D．The breeding behavior of emperor penguins. Passage 19 In May, China Railway conducted a survey on the demand for pet transportation on high-speed trains. The survey gained widespread attention far beyond potential train passengers. While many pet owners looked forward to the possibility of bringing pets onboard, some people were worried that the pets might cause injuries and spread diseases. The industry surrounding pets is considered to have begun in 1992, the year in which the country’s first organization devoted to small animal protection was founded. According to a recent report, China’s pet economy was valued at 592.8 billion yuan ($83 billion) in 2023. In May, some new standards for lost animal rescue and pet funerals were proposed. A month later, Shanghai became the first city in the country to issue rules for the display of animals in indoor commercial places. These developments have highlighted the shifting role of animals in China’s cities and the necessity for more regulation of the pet economy. The rising number of pets in cities over the past three decades has caused heated debates over the use of public resources and spaces. As more and more people see pets as not just animals living under the same roof, but as close members of their families and communities, finding the right balance for people and animals to coexist in a city environment becomes an increasingly important task. 71．Why did China Railway conduct the survey? A．To analyse the needs of pets traveling on trains. B．To know the exact number of pets in China. C．To find the cause of people’s keeping pets. D．To conclude the response of the owners of pets. 72．What can we know about pet economy in China? A．Most of the people are worried about it. B．It was valued at 592.8 billion dollars in 2023. C．It was first started in Shanghai before 2023. D．More rules are needed for its development. 73．How does the author develop the second paragraph? A．By following space order. B．By following time order. C．By giving some examples. D．By making comparison. 74．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Pets in the city. B．China Railway’s survey. C．Pets on the train. D．China Railway’s worry. Passage 20 “Get out of your comfort zone.” “Take no for an answer.” “Do something every day that makes you feel uncomfortable.” If you’ve spent any time on social media you’ll be used to seeing these motivational ideas. And you might have been seeing more recently thanks to the “rejection therapy (拒绝疗法)” trend. The most basic version involves pushing yourself to make a silly request or ask a question that’s almost certain to get turned down. Do it enough times, the theory goes, and you’ll be made less sensitive to rejection and improve your confidence. Others take it further, performing funny, harmless tricks that will attract attention — and possible judgement from strangers — in public. While it’s not an officially recognized form of therapy, some people will tell you it’s changed their lives. One person who believes in rejection therapy is Sophie Jones. She filmed herself dancing in a public park — something that would normally have terrified her. Sophie now regularly posts videos on social media of her challenging herself in increasingly eye-catching ways. That’s included painting herself green and walking around busy areas, and her most popular upload, where she stands in the middle of a plane and loudly tells the other passengers to “have a lovely flight”, got 16 million views. Dr Louise is a psychologist skilled in attachment and relationships. “I understand the idea of intentionally seeking out rejection to lose the fear of it, ” she says. “It can be helpful. But it doesn’t necessarily mean it will ease the pain of the rejection. It could have the opposite effect and make you return to the comfort zone.” 75．Which of the following belongs to “rejection therapy”? A．Take yes for an answer. B．Do something uncomfortable daily. C．Get into of your comfort zone. D．Post videos on social media. 76．What does the underlined phrase “turned down” mean? A．hated B．liked C．accepted D．refused 77．What did Sophie do to carry out rejection therapy? A．She performed funny and harmful tricks. B．She filmed herself dancing in a public park. C．She walked around wearing green clothes. D．she greeted other passengers loudly on a bus. 78．What’s Dr Louise’s attitude towards “rejection therapy”? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Cautious. D．Careless. 试卷第20页，共25页 试卷第1页，共25页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$