专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，湖南专用）高二英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——音乐与文化；人际关系；科技与娱乐；科技与生活；科学与幽默；体育与科技；社交媒体 Passage 1 Almost every human culture on earth has its own music. The oldest discovered musical instruments date back over 40,000 years to the Stone Age. But scientists believe that music itself could be much older than that, originating alongside language. Why did music become so closely related to the human experience? I think it gave our ancestors sigrificant survival advantages. In prehistoric times, music strengthened the bond between community members. Singing and drumming together released chemicals like oxytocin, dopamine and endorphins in the brain, which led to positive emotions that allowed groups to cooperate better in hunting,child-caring and protection against outside threats, Singing while working made labor less boring and tiring. Our brains seem wired at birth to link music with positive emotions and togetherness and mothers may have sung to little babies as an early form of emotional communication. Music also enhanced defenses. Guards beating drums and making noise during the night signaled that they were ready to counter surprise enemy attacks. Young night watchmen sang to indicate they were awake and vigilant. Soldiers used instruments to send warning calls across longer distances. In all these ways, music enhanced survival odds over human evolution (进化). Groups that could make music together-whether a simple drumbeat or a beautiful song-were more communicative,cooperative and defensive, Natural selection then passed on the capacity for music to the next generations. Supporting this, scientists have discovered specific regions of the brain devoted to musical processing. Babies have the ability to detect musical patterns and tones. Even patients with severe dementia (痴呆) respond emotionally and physically to their favorite childhood songs when nothing else can cause a reaction. So next time you find yourself singing along to a catchy tune, remember that music is part of what makes us uniquely human. Our Stone Age ancestors sang and drummed because it enhanced their survival. We engage with music now simply because we are born to do so. 1．What is an advantage of music according to the text? A．It could keep soldiers awake. B．It could help babies speak earlier. C．It could enhance productivity. D．It could cure certain rare diseases. 2．Which best explains the word “vigilant” underlined in paragraph 3? A．Tired. B．Hungry. C．Strong. D．Watchful. 3． What does the author intend to do in paragraph 5? A．Summarize the previous paragraph. B．Add some background information. C．Introduce a new topic for discussion. D．Provide some advice for the readers. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．My View About the Importance of Music B．Every Human Culture Has its Unique Music C．The Oldest Musical Instrument Was Unearthed D．Music May Come Into Existence Before Language 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是音乐在人类社会发展中所起到的重要作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Singing and drumming together released chemicals like oxytocin, dopamine and endorphins in the brain, which led to positive emotions that allowed groups to cooperate better in hunting,child-caring and protection against outside threats, Singing while working made labor less boring and tiring.(一起唱歌和打鼓会在大脑中释放催产素、多巴胺和内啡肽等化学物质，从而产生积极的情绪，使团队在狩猎、照顾孩子和抵御外部威胁方面能够更好地合作。边工作边唱歌可以减少劳动的无聊和疲劳。)”可知，音乐可以提高生产力。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的部分“Young night watchmen sang to indicate they were awake(年轻的守夜人唱歌表明他们醒着)”可知，守夜人肯定需要保持清醒和警惕，所以，划线单词vigilant与watchful“警惕的”意义一致。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。第五段开头的this指的是上一段最后一句提到的“Natural selection then passed on the capacity for music to the next generations.(自然选择将音乐的能力传给了下一代。)”，而第五段提到的这些例子“Babies have the ability to detect musical patterns and tones. Even patients with severe dementia respond emotionally and physically to their favorite childhood songs when nothing else can cause a reaction.(婴儿有识别音乐模式和音调的能力。即使是患有严重痴呆症的患者，在没有其他任何东西能引起反应的情况下，也会对他们最喜欢的童年歌曲做出情感和身体上的反应。)”正是为了说明人类的音乐能力是遗传下来的，所以，第五段的作用是提供信息证明上一段提出的观点：自然选择将音乐的能力传给了下一代。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是音乐在人类社会发展中所起到的重要作用。所以用A项“My View About the Importance of Music(我对音乐重要性的看法)”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A项。 Passage 2 Sharing a room with a family member or a friend can be tough (困难), but it becomes especially difficult when you are sharing it with someone you hardly know. If you find yourself in a similar situation, do not despair. There are things you can do to help you cope with having a roommate, no matter who it may be. First of all, you have to remember that you get what you give. If you are nice to others, then others will be nice to you as well. You also need to set boundaries for yourself and for the other person. So before your new roommate moves in, talk to him. Set the rules early on and discuss your hopes. Remember that there are two things that make up any good relationship: belief and respect. The same thing applies to (适用于) having a roommate. You have to respect each other. So he has that new PS3 game that you have always wanted to try out? Ask permission first. If he says no, don’t ask him for it again. If he lets you borrow his stuff, take care of the item and treat it as if it were your own. Make sure that you return it in the same condition as when you borrowed it. To keep away from disagreements over who does the housework, clean as you go. For chores (杂务) that can be shared, you may want to divide it equally so that you don’t do all the housework. Take turns in washing the dishes. You may do it every other day or you may divide the task so that you only have to do it in the morning and your roommate will only have to do it at night. When it comes to food and grocery items, determine what can be shared. Don’t be too mean when it comes to sharing food. On the other hand, determine what you can share and what you can’t and be clear about it. The advantage of sharing food is that you can save on time and food preparation. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why you need a roommate. B．How you drive a roommate you don’t like. C．What you do to find a roommate. D．How you can get along with your roommate. 2．What may the underlined word “boundaries” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Borders of two countries. B．Personal space. C．Public relations. D．Something shared by all roommates. 3．Good relationship among roommates lies in _____. A．money and gifts B．attraction and good words C．trust and respect D．threats and orders 4．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．There are always quarrels between roommates. B．Try to do all the chores by yourself. C．Share everything with your roommates. D．Try to do the chores by turns. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要针对如何与室友建立良好的关系给出建议。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“There are things you can do to help you cope with having a roommate, no matter who it may be.( 无论室友是谁，你都可以做一些事情来帮助你应对室友的问题。)”可知本文主要讲的是如何与室友相处的建议，故选择D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中下文“So before your new roommate moves in, talk to him. Set the rules early on and discuss your hopes.(所以，在你的新室友搬进来之前，和他谈谈。尽早制定规则并讨论你的期望。)”可知，这里说的是要给自己和他人留一些个人的空间，故选择B项。 3．考查细节理解题。根据第三段中“Remember that there are two things that make up any good relationship: belief and respect. The same thing applies to(适用于) having a roommate.( 记住，任何好的关系都有两样东西：信念和尊重。同样的事情也适用于有一个室友。)”可知，与室友之间良好的关系在于尊重和信任，故选择C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“ For chores (杂务)that can be shared, you may want to divide it equally so that you don’t do all the housework.( 至于杂务是可以分享的，你可能想平分，这样你就不会做所有的家务。)”可推测出，宿舍内的杂务可以轮流去做，故选择D项。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·湖南湖湘教育三新探索协作体·期中) Artists have long attempted to bring smells into entertainment. In 1960, “Smell-O-Vision” made its first appearance—and only appearance with the Hollywood film Scent of Mystery, which released smells during key plot points via air conditioning. But the effort bombed: during screenings, smells were either delayed or too faint to notice. These days the cutting-edge of entertainment is video games and virtual reality, not films. Several groups are trying to bring smells to virtual worlds. In one paper published this week in Nature Communications, Xinge Yu at City University of Hong Kong and Yuhang Li at Beihang University describe two wearable “olfaction (嗅觉) interfaces”. The first is the size of a band-aid, and is attached to the skin, like a fake moustache, under the user’s nose. The second, more capable version is a flexible face mask. The researchers claim that they can generate a scent, such as green tea, in as little as 1.44-seconds. While the device hasn’t been tested directly with a VR game, the fact that it can be used without heavy wires means a more immersive experience. Getting smells right could make virtual worlds more fascinating. Smells help you remember. The part of the brain that processes them connects directly to parts associated with emotions and memory. Medically, scent-equipped VR could be helpful for people who have anosmia, or an inability to smell, according to Yu. Scents can also be helpful for patients with memory issues and might even help with mood. Yu said he noticed he felt happier when he used the green tea scent in his tests. He realized that the smell was nostalgic: “When I was little, I’d have some chocolate with a green tea flavor,” he recalled. “I still remember peeling off the wrapper, and how I loved the smell.” But the science is tricky. Unlike colour or sound, where wavelengths and frequencies combine in predictable ways, smell is not so straightforward. Altering a single chemical bond can shift a scent from sweet to unpleasant. Whether smelly VR will do better than smelly films remains to be seen. Perhaps one day users will be able to stop, swipe and smell the virtual roses. 1．What can we learn about “Smell-O-Vision”? A．It was easy to operate. B．It was novel and effective. C．It fell short of expectations. D．It bombed Hollywood studios. 2．Which of the following best describes Xinge Yu and Yuhang Li’s device? A．Wearable and light. B．In various shapes. C．Heavy and wireless. D．In wide application. 3．Why did Yu mention his own experience in Paragraph 3? A．To clarify the working principle of olfaction. B．To prove scent-equipped VR could improve mood. C．To present a fact that the green tea scent is popular. D．To give a brief demonstration of the research process. 4． What is the author’s attitude to the future of smelly VR? A．Critical. B．Conservative. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍把气味带入娱乐的各种尝试。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段“In 1960, ‘Smell-O-Vision’ made its first appearance—and only appearance with the Hollywood film Scent of Mystery, which released smells during key plot points via air conditioning. But the effort bombed: during screenings, smells were either delayed or too faint to notice.(1960年，‘嗅觉视觉’首次亮相，也是唯一一部在好莱坞电影《神秘气味》中亮相，该电影通过空调在关键情节点释放气味。但这一努力失败了：在放映过程中，气味要么被推迟，要么太微弱而无法察觉。)”可知，嗅觉视觉没有达到预期。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第二段“The first is the size of a band-aid, and is attached to the skin, like a fake moustache, under the user’s nose. The second, more capable version is a flexible face mask. The researchers claim that they can generate a scent, such as green tea, in as little as 1.44-seconds. While the device hasn’t been tested directly with a VR game, the fact that it can be used without heavy wires means a more immersive experience.(第一种是创可贴的大小，像假胡子一样附着在用户鼻子下面的皮肤上。第二个功能更强大的版本是柔性口罩。研究人员声称，他们可以在短短1.44秒内产生一种气味，如绿茶。虽然该设备尚未直接在VR游戏中进行测试，但它可以在没有重型电线的情况下使用，这意味着更身临其境的体验。)”可知，Xinge Yu和Yuhang Li的设备可穿戴且轻便。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Scents can also be helpful for patients with memory issues and might even help with mood. Yu said he noticed he felt happier when he used the green tea scent in his tests. He realized that the smell was nostalgic: ‘When I was little, I’d have some chocolate with a green tea flavor,’ he recalled. ‘I still remember peeling off the wrapper, and how I loved the smell.’(气味对有记忆问题的患者也有帮助，甚至可能有助于改善情绪。余说，他注意到自己在测试中使用绿茶香味时感觉更开心了。他意识到这种味道很怀旧：‘我小时候会吃一些绿茶味的巧克力，’他回忆道。‘我仍然记得剥掉包装纸，我多么喜欢它的味道。’)”可知，余提到了自己的经验，证明配备气味的VR可以改善情绪。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。由第三段“Getting smells right could make virtual worlds more fascinating.(正确的嗅觉可以让虚拟世界更加迷人)”文章最后一段“But the science is tricky. Unlike colour or sound, where wavelengths and frequencies combine in predictable ways, smell is not so straightforward. Altering a single chemical bond can shift a scent from sweet to unpleasant. Whether smelly VR will do better than smelly films remains to be seen. Perhaps one day users will be able to stop, swipe and smell the virtual roses.(但科学是棘手的。与波长和频率以可预测的方式结合的颜色或声音不同，气味并不那么简单。改变一个化学键可以将气味从甜变为不愉快。有气味的VR是否会比有臭味的电影做得更好还有待观察。也许有一天，用户将能够停下来，滑动并闻到虚拟玫瑰的味道。)”可知，作者对气味的VR表示一些担心且也有期待，所以作者的态度是客观的。故选C项。 Passage 4 (24-25高二上·湖南湖湘教育三新探索协作体·期中) Our clothes do a lot for us. They keep us warm in the winter or cool while we` re working out. They let us dress to impress or comfortably relax on the couch. But some researchers think our clothes could be doing even more. Those scientists and engineers are dreaming up new ways to make clothes safer, more comfortable and convenient. Some ideas for new clothing aim to protect people from harm. A new fabric coating could absorb some chemical weapons. That coating is made from a metal-organic framework that breaks down harmful mixtures. It could offer people in war-torn countries protection. Not all advanced clothes are designed to save lives. Some could just make clothes more comfortable. Fabric integrated with nanowires (纳米线) could reflect your body heat back onto your skin. Electric current running through those metal threads could provide warmth. too. This may be especially useful for hikers, soldiers or others working in super cold conditions. On the flip side, another new fabric traps very little body heat. Tiny holes in this material let infrared waves (红外波) pass through. Those waves carry heat away from your body to keep you cool. Some researchers have dreamt up wholly new uses for clothing — like turning wearers into walking power outlets. Flexible solar panels sewn into fabric could soak up the sun to recharge phones or other devices on the go. And some types of fabric could harvest energy directly from a wearer’s motion. While some fabrics help charge devices, others could serve as devices themselves. In one recent experiment, researchers sewed conductive thread into a T-shirt. This turned the shirt into a device that could send signals to a smartphone. Another team threaded fabric with magnetized copper and silver to write data into fabrics. Such data-packed fabric could be used as a hands-free key or form of ID． Many of these ideas have not yet left the lab, but inventors hope these and other innovations could someday let you get more from your wardrobe. 1．What is the function of the coating in Paragraph 2? A．To give off harmful chemicals. B．To absorb energy from chemicals. C．To make clothes more comfortable. D．To protect people from chemical weapons. 2．What do the underlined words “on the flip side” mean in Paragraph 3? A．In addition. B．On the other hand. C．In this way. D．As a consequence. 3．What transforms the T-shirt into a device? A．Precious metal. B．A wearer’s motion. C．Flexible solar panels. D．Conductive thread. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The future of smart clothing. B．The new devices used to make clothes. C．The new materials in clothing industry. D．The creative clothes from your wardrobe. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来的衣服以及其特有的功能。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A new fabric coating could absorb some chemical weapons. That coating is made from a metal-organic framework that breaks down harmful mixtures. It could offer people in war-torn countries protection.(一种新的织物涂层可以吸收一些化学武器。这种涂层由一种金属有机框架制成，可以分解有害混合物。它可以为战乱国家的人们提供保护)”可知，这种涂层的功能是保护人们免受化学武器的伤害。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“On the flip side, another new fabric traps very little body heat. Tiny holes in this material let infrared waves pass through. Those waves carry heat away from your body to keep you cool.(On the flip side，另一种新型织物几乎不吸收体热。这种材料中的微小孔洞可以让红外波通过。这些波将热量从你的身体带走，使你保持凉爽可知，这里提到两种布料，第一种可以锁住或产生热量，第二种散热功能更好。由此可知，划线词组“on the flip side”意为“另一方面”说的是第二种情况。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In one recent experiment, researchers sewed conductive thread into a T-shirt. This turned the shirt into a device that could send signals to a smartphone.(在最近的一项实验中，研究人员将导电线缝入T恤。这使得这件衬衫变成了一种可以向智能手机发送信号的设备)”可知，是导电线将T恤转变成了一种设备。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段“Many of these ideas have not yet left the lab, but inventors hope these and other innovations could someday let you get more from your wardrobe.(这些想法中有许多还没有走出实验室，但发明家们希望这些和其他的创新有一天能让你从衣服中得到更多)”可知，文章主要讲述了智能服装的未来。故选A。 Passage 5 (24-25高二上·湖南长沙长郡中学·期中) The Olympic Games, among the world’s most significant sports events, not only demonstrate the high level of athletic competition but also serve as a symbol of global cultural exchange and unity. However, they face an aging audience and declining viewership. The median age of American viewers was 39 in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, rising to 53 by the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. The Tokyo 2021 viewership dropped by a third compared to 2008. To attract younger audiences and stay relevant, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach has acknowledged the need for the Olympics to evolve, adding “youth-based” sports. Climbing, skateboarding, and surfing were included in Tokyo, and breakdancing made its first appearance in the 2024 Paris Olympics. To further broaden appeal, esports could be the key. With a massive following, esports could attract large audiences and add income through media rights and sponsorships. Esports could also bring Olympic glory to a diverse range of countries and represent the Olympic values of excellence, friendship, and respect. However, the IOC’s approach to esports has been cautious. The inaugural (首次的) Olympic Esports Week in Singapore in June 2023 was met with confusion among fans, with events like archery and “Just Dance” not reflecting as expected, attracting a peak viewership of only 22,000. Recognizing esports’ potential, the IOC has officially included esports in the Olympic Movement with the Olympic Esports Games in Saudi Arabia in 2025. This decision is in line with the principles of the Olympic Agenda 2020+5, which advocates for gender equality, inclusiveness, and diversity. By embracing esports, the Olympics can attract younger audiences, expand its global reach, and maintain its status as a popular sports and entertainment event. 1．What can be inferred from the first paragraph about the Olympic Games? A．The Olympic Games have always been popular among young viewers. B．The IOC has not recognized the changing viewer trends. C．The median age of Olympic viewers has remained stable over time. D．The Olympic Games are becoming less popular in America. 2．How do the Olympics keep connected with society? A．By focusing on traditional sports. B．By adding sports that appeal to younger audiences. C．By reducing the number of events in the Games. D．By hosting the Games in countries with diverse cultures. 3．What was the public’s attitude toward the inaugural Olympic Esports Week? A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Uninterested. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Distinctions between traditional sports and esports. B．Benefits of multicultural countries in esports. C．Possible advantages of adding esports to the Olympics. D．Suggestions on establishing a secure gaming setting for esports. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了随着奥运会的观众老龄化和观看人数减少，奥运会推出了新的项目。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, they face an aging audience and declining viewership. The median age of American viewers was 39 in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, rising to 53 by the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. The Tokyo 2021 viewership dropped by a third compared to 2008.(然而，奥运会面临着观众老龄化和观看人数减少的问题。美国观众的中位年龄在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会时是39岁，到了2016年里约热内卢奥运会时上升到了53岁。与2008年相比，2021年东京奥运会的收视率下降了三分之一。)”可推知，奥运会在美国越来越不受欢迎。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To attract younger audiences and stay relevant, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach has acknowledged the need for the Olympics to evolve, adding “youth-based” sports.(为了吸引年轻观众并保持相关性，国际奥委会 (IOC)主席Thomas Bach承认奥运会需要与时俱进，并增加了“以青年为基础”的体育项目。)”可知，奥运会通过增加更多吸引年轻一代的运动项目来与社会保持联系。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The inaugural (首次的) Olympic Esports Week in Singapore in June 2023 was met with confusion among fans, with events like archery and “Just Dance” not reflecting as expected, attracting a peak viewership of only 22,000.(2023年6月在新加坡举行的首届奥林匹克电子竞技周遭遇了粉丝的困惑，像射箭和Just Dance这样的项目并没有引起预期的反响，吸引的最高观看人数仅为22000人。)”可推知，观众对首届奥运会电子竞技周不感兴趣。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Recognizing esports’ potential, the IOC has officially included esports in the Olympic Movement with the Olympic Esports Games in Saudi Arabia in 2025. This decision is in line with the principles of the Olympic Agenda 2020+5, which advocates for gender equality, inclusiveness, and diversity. By embracing esports, the Olympics can attract younger audiences, expand its global reach, and maintain its status as a popular sports and entertainment event.(认识到电子竞技的潜力，国际奥委会已正式将其纳入奥林匹克运动，并计划于2025年在沙特阿拉伯举办奥林匹克电子竞技运动会。这一决定与《奥林匹克议程2020+5》的原则相符，该议程主张性别平等、包容性和多样性。通过接纳电子竞技，奥运会能够吸引年轻观众，扩大其全球影响力，并保持其作为受欢迎的体育和娱乐活动的地位。)”可知，最后一段主要讲将电子竞技纳入奥运会的潜在好处。故选C。 Passage 6 (24-25高二上·湖南长沙湖南师范大学附属中学·期中) Today’s journalists face modern challenges. Online media platforms are springing up. And the lowly newspaper and its reporters are fighting money, tech, and distrust issues. Journalism students and teachers must emphasize new skills to keep their profession alive. A trustworthy press helps inform people and monitor all levels of government. That is essential to a nation. Yet this useful establishment is growing increasingly unpopular. According to the University of North Carolina (UNC), newsroom jobs across the country are fewer than half what they were 10 years ago. And on many college campuses, the news about the news is bleak too. Take the Syracuse, New York, student-run newspaper The Daily Orange: It isn’t daily anymore. The paper prints just three times each week. Next year, The Diamondback of the University of Maryland will be online only. Half the newspapers that still exist on paper say they don’t print as many copies. And UNC’s The Daily Tar Heel has cut staff pay and rented cheaper offices to make its budget. Considering the problems in journalism, it’s surprising that the enrollment (注册人数) in college journalism programs is up. The Daily Orange managing editor Catherine Leffert calls the layoffs and cutbacks disheartening. “But what keeps me wanting to be a journalist is seeing the effect that The Daily Orange has,” she says. But journalism educators wonder, “Are we preparing young people for a dying industry?” Years ago, journalism graduates took low-level reporter jobs at newspapers or television stations. That still happens. But today’s jobs more often involve digital editing, social media production, and video streaming. Some universities are taking action. The University of Florida offers a sports media program. Several schools highlight statistics- driven data journalism. The news isn’t all bad. Journalism professor Kathleen Culver says, “When I look at 18- and 20-year-olds in journalism and see what they want to do, I’m optimistic.” Maddy Arrowood is the student editor of The Daily Tar Heel. She says her experience makes her more interested in a journalism career, not less. Her optimism“comes from knowing that people still need news. They still need information.” 1．What mainly contributes to the challenges for today’s journalists? A．More printed newspapers are in great need. B．The newsroom jobs are decreasing worldwide. C．Online newspapers take the place of printed ones. D．Online media platforms are developing quickly. 2．What does the underlined word“bleak” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Depressing. B．Interesting. C．Uscless. D．Encouraging. 3．How do some universities respond to today’s journalism? A．They reduce student enrollment. B．They offer students specialized programs. C．They prepare students for low-level reporter jobs. D．They encourage students to run their own newspaper. 4．Why is Maddy Arrowood mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show people’s positive attitudes to journalists. B．To prove the potential of a career in journalism. C．To show the popularity of The Daily Tar Heel. D．To prove people’s thirst for the latest news. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新闻业未来的发展与面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Today’s journalists face modern challenges. Online media platforms are springing up. And the lowly newspaper and its reporters are fighting money, tech, and distrust issues.(今天的记者面临着现代的挑战。网络媒体平台如雨后春笋般涌现。地位低下的报纸及其记者正在与金钱、技术和不信任问题作斗争)”可知，今天的记者面临的挑战主要是网络媒体平台发展迅速。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“According to the University of North Carolina (UNC), newsroom jobs  across the country are fewer than half what they were 10 years ago.(根据北卡罗来纳大学（UNC）的数据，全国新闻编辑室的工作岗位不到10年前的一半)”可知，全国的新闻编辑部的工作岗位不到十年前的一半。再联系下文提到的三家学生报纸的现状可知，在许多大学校园里，关于新闻的消息同样也是bleak(令人沮丧的)，bleak的意思与depressing(令人沮丧的)相似。故选A。 3． 细节理解题。根据第五段“Some universities are taking action. The University of  Florida offers a sports media program. Several schools highlight statistics-driven data journalism.(一些大学正在采取行动。佛罗里达大学提供体育媒体课程。一些学校强调统计驱动的数据新闻)”可知，一些大学正在采取行动，会给学生提供专门的课程，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Maddy Arrowood is the student editor of The Daily Tar  Heel. She says her experience makes her more interested in a journalism career, not less.(Maddy Arrowood是the Daily Tar Heel的学生编辑。她说，她的经历使她对新闻事业更感兴趣，而不是更不感兴趣)”可知，马迪的经历让她对新闻事业更感兴趣，所以最后一段提到她是为了说明“新闻业的发展具有潜力”，故选B。 主题02 人与自我——成长与感悟；语言学习 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·湖南邵阳新邵县第三中学·期中) When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn't very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn't catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, "Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish." I remember being even more upset then, because I'm not a fish! I didn't know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does? As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow waters to deep waters because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don't have any eyelids (眼皮) and the sun hurts their eyes. The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them. When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, "We all need to think like salespeople." But it didn't completely make sense. My dad never once said, "If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman." What he said was, "… you have to think like a fish." Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters. 1．Why was the author upset in the fishing trips when he was nine? A．Because he could not catch a fish. B．Because his father was not patient with him. C．Because his father did not teach him fishing. D．Because he could not influence a fish as his father did. 2．What did the author's father really mean? A．To read about fish. B．To learn fishing by oneself. C．To understand what fish think. D．To study fishing in many ways. 3．According to the author, fish are most likely to be found___________. A．in deep waters on sunny days B．in deep waters on cloudy days C．in shallow waters under sunlight D．in shallow waters under waterside trees 4． After entering the business world, the author found________. A．it easy to think like a customer B．his father's fishing advice inspiring C．his first boss's sales idea reasonable D．it difficult to sell services to poor people 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者钓鱼时，父亲教授他要像鱼一样思考，学会钓鱼的道理。作者以此来告诉读者从事商业销售时要像消费者一样去思考。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But the only thing that wasn't very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn't catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. (但唯一不太有趣的是，他可以钓到很多鱼，而我却什么也钓不到。我总是很生气，不停地问他为什么)”可知，作者9岁时去钓鱼感到难过，是因为他钓不到一条鱼。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The more I under-stood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.(我对鱼了解得越多，就越能有效地找到和捕获它们)”可推知，作者父亲的真正意思是要了解鱼的想法。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“That is why fish prefer shallow waters to deep waters because the former is warmer.(这就是为什么鱼类喜欢浅水而不喜欢深水的原因，因为浅水更温暖)”可知，鱼喜欢在浅水区，不喜欢在深水区，排除A、B两项；根据第二段中的“Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don't have any eyelids and the sun hurts their eyes. (此外，阳光直射下的水通常比阴凉处的水暖和。然而，鱼没有眼皮，阳光会伤害它们的眼睛)”可知，鱼喜欢在阴凉处，不喜欢在阳光直射的地方，排除C项；D项“in shallow waters under waterside trees(在水边树下的浅水区)”是鱼喜欢的地方，此处更有可能发现鱼。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What he said was, “…you have to think like a fish.’’”(他说的是 “……你得像鱼一样思考。”)和“I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers.(我逐渐认识到，我们都需要像顾客一样思考)”可知，我逐渐了解到我们都需要更多地像客户一样思考。由此可知，进入商界后作者发现父亲的钓鱼思维对他很有启发。故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·湖南衡阳衡阳县第四中学·期中) Earlier research had suggested we're best at learning grammar in early childhood. Then we hit a dead end around age 5. It's supposed to be much harder for older kids. The time when people can learn the rules and structure of a language well appears to last until around age 17 or 18. “But that's not so, ”says psychologist（心理学家）Joshua Hartshorne. Hartshorne asked friends to take an online English grammar test. After completing the test, volunteers answered questions about where they had lived,  the languages they had spoken from birth and the age at which they first started learning English. Hartshorne also asked how long they had lived in an English-speaking country. As he had hoped, people shared the test widely online. This let Hartshorne's group study the answers from 669, 498 native and non-native speakers of English. The researchers used statistics to find out when people with different English-speaking experiences reached their top grammar ability. If people moved to a new country and began speaking English by age 10 to 12, they finally spoke it as well as folks who had learned both English and another language from birth. But both groups scored a little worse than people who spoke English only, the researchers found. The test results showed that around age 17, people's ability to learn grammar took a sharp drop. And those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English skillfulness as people who started younger. Why？The researchers think it's because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at surprise：Language learning did not end at 17. People's English skills kept improving a little until around age 30, the new study found. And this was true among both native speakers and those who learned English as a second language. Still, most language learning happened by age 20, the new study decided. 1．What age period is best for grammar learning according to earlier research？ A．From 17 to 20. B．From 5 to 12. C．Before age 5. D．From 20 to 30. 2．How did Hartshorne get his study statistics？ A．By experimenting in the lab. B．By making an online survey. C．By studying historical records. D．By collecting earlier study results. 3．Which of the following agrees with Hartshorne's study results？ A．Language learning needs much practice. B．Language learning ends at the age of 17. C．The more languages you learn, the better. D．It is best to learn language after 20 years old. 4．What is the best title for the text？ A．How native speakers learn English？ B．What's the best age to learn a language？ C．What's the best way to learn a foreign language？ D．Why non-native speakers can never master a second language？ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究发现在年龄越小的时候学习语言的能力越好，因为有更多时间进行训练。同时研究还发现，在30岁左右人的语言技能也会一直提高。 1．细节理解题。第一段第一句提到“Earlier research had suggested we're best at learning grammar in early childhood. Then we hit a dead end around age 5.”，在幼儿期时，人的语言能力是最高的，在5岁的时候就撞上了死胡同。由此判断，在5岁的时候语言学习能力有所下降。因此5岁前是最好的语言学习期。故选C。 2．细节理解题。第二段提到“Hartshorne asked friends to take an online English grammar test.” 和“As he had hoped, people shared the test widely online. ”Hartshorne邀请他的朋友在网上进行英语语法测试，并且在网上广泛地分享了这个测试。由此判断Hartshorne是通过网上调研获得数据的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。第三段提到“And those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English skillfulness as people who started younger. Why？The researchers think it's because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at surprise”在10-12岁后才开始学英语的人，他们的水平达不到从很小就开始学习英语的人。后面回答了产生这个现象的原因：因为在语言学习技能下降之前，他们练习的时间更少，由此判断，语言的学习是要不断练习的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。分析文章内容可知，本文是一篇说明文。文章第一段介绍了关于学习语言最好的年领的早期研究，第二段第三段介绍了心理学家关于语言学习年龄的新研究。同时在第三段最后一句提到最新的研究指出大多数的语言学习发生在20岁左右。综上可判断全文都在介绍语言学习的最佳年龄。故选B。 主题03 人与自然——动物与环境；自然地理 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·湖南邵东创新高级中学·期中) Birds usually build their nests with sticks, leaves or grass. But do you know that birds are also building their nests with rubbish these years? The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags. A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica. Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have a special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger. However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study. To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment. 1．What did the European scientists find? A．There is rubbish in the nests of many birds. B．Some people help birds build their nests. C．There is almost no bird living in Antarctica. D．Birds can help pick up rubbish. 2．What does the underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Smelly. B．Beneficial. C．Poisonous. D．Splendid. 3．How can cigarette butts “help” birds? A．They can burn other harmful rubbish. B．They can make nests stronger. C．They can keep birds warm. D．They can keep insects away. 4． What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The harmful activities that humans have done to the environment. B．The harm that the environment brings to the wild animals. C．The reason why birds like using rubbish to build their nests. D．Human rubbish may bring more harm to birds. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对于鸟类在筑巢时使用垃圾这一现象进行了介绍，特别是探讨了鸟类为何会利用像烟头和塑料袋等人造物品筑巢，以及这一行为背后对鸟类产生的正反两面影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica.”（他们发现除了南极洲之外，几乎地球上所有地方的鸟巢中都有人造物品）可知，欧洲科学家发现许多鸟类的巢穴中有垃圾。故选A项。 2．词义推测题。根据文章第三段“The toxic chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds.”（烟头中的toxic化学物质伤害幼鸟）可知，有毒的化学物质会伤害幼鸟。toxic的意思是“有毒的”，与C项“Poisonous”同义。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For example, cigarette butts have a special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds.”（例如，烟头有一种特殊的味道，可以驱赶昆虫，保护幼鸟）可知，烟头可以帮助鸟类是因为它们能驱赶昆虫。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment.”（更糟糕的是，如果烟还在燃烧，当鸟把它带回它的家，它可能会点燃鸟巢。渔网的碎片也可能困住鸟类，它们不可能自己出来。如果幼鸟不小心吃了其他种类的垃圾，它们也会受伤。我们在空中的鸟朋友正在感受人类污染环境的不良影响。）可知，第四段主要关于人类的垃圾可能会给鸟类带来更多的伤害。故选D项。 Passage 2 Today, we visit one of the most famous parks — Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. This huge park in the southeastern part of the state covers more than 10 thousand square kilometers of the Alaskan wilderness. It includes mountains, glaciers, fjords (峡湾), and even rain forests. Glacier Bay supports hundreds of kinds of animals, including many species of birds, fish, bears, whales and sea lions. As its name suggests much of Glacier Bay is covered by glaciers. A glacier is a large area of ice that moves slowly down a slope or valley, or over a wide area of land. Glaciers cover a large area of the park. The glaciers found in the park today are what remain from an ice development known as the Little Ice Age. That period began about 4,000 years ago. During the Little Ice Age, the cold weather caused the ice to grow and develop. That growth continued until the 1700s, when the climate began to warm. The hotter temperatures caused the ice to start melting (融化). That melting led the huge glacier to divide into more than 1,000 different glaciers. The extremely tall mountains seen in Glacier Bay were formed by the ice developing and then melting over time. The melting of the ice also created water that filled in and created the many fjords within the park. Fjords are narrow parts of the ocean that sit between cliffs or mountains. Glacier Bay is a popular place for people searching for adventure. Some visitors choose to explore the park by kayak. The small, narrow boats offer visitors a chance to experience the park’s many fjords and its hundreds of kilometers of coastline. 1．If you pay a visit to Glacier Bay, you will find ________. A．it almost covers the whole Alaskan wilderness B．the rain forests are rare in such conditions C．there live numbers of kinds of animals D．there are more birds than other species 2．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Some glaciers existed there long long ago. B．Greenhouse effect has affected the glaciers. C．The glaciers will disappear in the soon future. D．Only 1,000 large glaciers are left at present. 3．What do you know about fjords mentioned in the passage? A．They are formed on the top of mountains. B．The melting of the ice is also called fjords. C．Water is the source of creating many fjords. D．Fjords move as the oceans flow around. 4．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To do a research about Glacier Bay. B．To warn visitors there are too many dangers. C．To show Glacier Bay has a long history. D．To introduce Glacier Bay to readers. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于美国阿拉斯加州的冰河湾国家公园。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Glacier Bay supports hundreds of kinds of animals, including many species of birds, fish, bears, whales and sea lions.(冰川湾养育着数百种动物，包括许多种类的鸟类、鱼类、熊、鲸鱼和海狮。)”可知，如果你去参观冰河湾，你会发现那里生活着许多种动物，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The glaciers found in the park today are what remain from an ice development known as the Little Ice Age. That period began about 4,000 years ago. (今天在公园里发现的冰川是小冰河时期冰川发展的遗迹。那个时期开始于大约4000年前。)”可知，一些冰川在很久以前就已经存在了。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The melting of the ice also created water that filled in and created the many fjords within the park. Fjords are narrow parts of the ocean that sit between cliffs or mountains.(冰的融化也产生了水，填补了公园内的许多峡湾。峡湾是海洋中位于悬崖或山脉之间的狭窄部分。)”可知，水是创造许多峡湾的源泉。故选C。 4．推理判断题。作者在文中介绍了位于美国阿拉斯加州的冰河湾国家公园，其中涉及到其地理位置、历史和现状，由此可推知，作者的写作目的是向读者介绍冰河湾。故选D。 主题01 人与自然——环保与商业；动物保护 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·湖南浏阳·期中) Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. In fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest ecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side of the business continues. This is known as greenwashing, which means “making things that are not green look green”. As the public’s environmental awareness grew, so too did the experience of corporate public relations strategies, and advertisers found ever-more-creative ways to use a green curtain to hide dark motives. When a company spends more time and money claiming to be “green” than actually adopting business practices that minimize environmental impact, it is clear that, for them, environmentalism is little more than a convenient slogan (口号). Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception. And what about today’s consumers? Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about what is true. Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told—why else would companies do it? More information and greater awareness are essential. Analyzing the tricks used by advertisers should be part of every school curriculum. Non-governmental organizations can spread the word. Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies. But it is not enough. Legally enforceable systems must be put in place. So what is already being done about planned attempts to pull the wool over consumers’ eyes? In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission is taking action against misleading advertising claims. France has published Green Claims Guidance, stressing that “an advertisement must avoid conveying a message contrary to the accepted principles of sustainable development”. All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And there lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer. 1．What can we learn about greenwashing? A．It is an ecological concept. B．It is a marketing technique. C．It is an awareness campaign. D．It is an advertising innovation. 2．What does the underlined phrase “conceal deception” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Hide the truth. B．Raise the risk. C．Expose the weakness. D．Break the limit. 3．What can be inferred about most consumers? A．They are lacking in legal knowledge. B．They have encouraged greenwashing. C．They may question consumer groups. D．They tend to make sensible decisions. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Actions to fight false advertising. B．Ways to protect customers’ interest. C．Attempts to solve environmental problems. D．Proposals to ensure sustainable development. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现在社会中不光有企业致力于让世界变得更美好、更环保，也有一些公司夸大效果、编造数据，试图用环保理念掩盖其黑暗的动机。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. In fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest ecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side of the business continues. (几乎每天都有一家公司在精心制作的广告中告诉我们，它为我们的环境做出了多大的贡献。事实上，他们没有对可再生能源或替代能源进行足够的投资。统计数据是编造的，在数百万美元的广告活动中，即使是最微小的生态改善也被夸大了，与此同时，贪婪的一面仍在继续。)”可知，作者举例说明现状，即很多公司会利用广告试图向外界表达自己绿色、环保的生产经营理念，而实际上却并没有真正做到环保。由此可以推测出，所以对于这些公司来说，假装自己环保只是一种打广告的营销手段。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。由文章第三段“When a company spends more time and money claiming to be ‘green’ than actually adopting business practices that minimize environmental impact, it is clear that, for them, environmentalism is little more than a convenient slogan (口号). Their message is ‘buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans’. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception.(当一家公司花更多的时间和金钱声称自己是‘绿色’的，而不是实际采取尽量减少环境影响的商业实践时，很明显，对他们来说，环保主义只不过是一个方便的口号。他们的信息是‘购买我们的产品，你将结束全球变暖，改善空气质量，拯救海洋’。充其量，这种‘漂绿’将事实推向了极限；在最坏的情况下，它有助于 。)”可知，一些公司假装是在改善环境，而它们打环保主义的口号只是为了掩盖事实，所以推测conceal deception表“掩盖事实”的意思。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told—why else would companies do it? (漂绿之所以成为可能，是因为消费者经常相信别人告诉他们的，否则公司为什么会这样做?) ”可知，消费者相信广告公司的漂绿行为，助长了公司的虚假环保的行为，所以B选项They have encouraged greenwashing. (他们已经鼓励了漂绿行为) 正确。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And there lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer.(所有这些肯定都是问题的核心：广告的真正影响是推广不可持续的生活方式。这就是我们星球面临的真正危险，一种不能再被忽视的危险。) ”可知，本段讲的是虚假广告会引发民众不可持续的生活方式和地球的不可持续发展，所以为了解决这一核心问题，需要采取行动打击虚假广告。故选A项。 Passage 2 The Iberian lynx, which, as the name suggests, is resident in the Iberian Peninsula, is a beautiful medium-sized cat noted for its spotted coat, short tail and long, pointy ears. Feeding on rabbits and other small animals, the lynx lives in the Mediterranean bushes of southern Spain’s Doñana National Park and the Sierra Morena, although it has now also been seen in other parts of Andalucia as well as Portugal Just over 20 years ago, there were only 92 of them left, which made it one of the rarest cats in the world. But now, thanks to successful programs, the population has now risen to about 2,021. There are several reasons as to why the Iberian lynx was on the brink (边缘) of extinction. During Spain’s Franco era, the ruler asked people to kill the lynx, saying that they were pests. Further things impacting the numbers have been general habitat destruction and lynx being hit by vehicles when they try to cross roads. The most important reason for their decline, though, is that rabbits, which make up 90 percent of a lynx’s diet, were in trouble themselves with diseases such as myxomatoses, leading to a massive decline in European rabbit populations, which in turn meant that lynx were starving to death. In order to rebuild the lynx population conservation (保护), efforts for this keystone species have focused on increasing the rabbits, protecting and restoring Mediterranean bush and forest habitat, and reducing deaths caused by human activities. Since 2010, more than 400 Iberian lynx have been seen in Portugal and Spain. The Iberian lynx now occupies at least 3,320 km2, an increase from 449 km2 in 2005. “The significant recovery of the Iberian lynx shows that even the most threatened species can be brought back from the brink of extinction through committed, science-based conservation actions and provides hope for those working to protect wildlife across the globe,” said Sarah Durant, professor at ZSL’s Institute of Zoology in reaction to the news. 1．Which of the following makes the Iberian lynx famous according to the text? A．Its appearance. B．Its small population. C．Its large size. D．Its habitat. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The characteristics of the Iberian lynx. B．The existing number of the Iberian lynx. C．The main food of the Iberian lynx. D．The factors causing the decline of the Iberian lynx. 3．What do Sarah Durant’s words show? A．It is high time to protect wildlife all over the world. B．The efforts to recover the Iberian lynx are meaningful. C．Science-based programs matter most to animal conservation. D．Species that are in great danger will be easily saved from extinction. 4． What can be the best title for the text? A．The History of the Iberian Lynx B．Human Activities Influence the Iberian Lynx C．The Iberian Lynx Makes a Remarkable Recovery D．The Damage to Habitat of the Iberian Lynx 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是伊比利亚猞猁（Iberian lynx）从濒临灭绝到数量显著回升的过程。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Iberian lynx, which, as the name suggests, is resident in the Iberian Peninsula, is a beautiful medium-sized cat noted for its spotted coat, short tail and long, pointy ears.(Iberian猞猁，顾名思义，生活在伊比利亚半岛，是一种美丽的中型猫科动物，以其斑点皮毛、短尾巴和长而尖的耳朵而闻名。)”可知，Iberian猞猁以其外观出名。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“There are several reasons as to why the Iberian lynx was on the brink (边缘) of extinction. During Spain’s Franco era, the ruler asked people to kill the lynx, saying that they were pests. Further things impacting the numbers have been general habitat destruction and lynx being hit by vehicles when they try to cross roads. The most important reason for their decline, though, is that rabbits, which make up 90 percent of a lynx’s diet, were in trouble themselves with diseases such as myxomatoses, leading to a massive decline in European rabbit populations, which in turn meant that lynx were starving to death.(伊比利亚猞猁濒临灭绝有几个原因。在西班牙的Franco时代，统治者要求人们杀死猞猁，说它们是害虫。影响猞猁数量的进一步因素是栖息地的普遍破坏，以及猞猁在试图过马路时被车辆撞到。然而，它们数量减少的最重要原因是，占猞猁食物90%的兔子自己也患有粘液瘤病等疾病，导致欧洲兔子数量大幅下降，这反过来意味着猞猁饿死。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是导致伊比利亚猞猁数量减少的因素。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The significant recovery of the Iberian lynx shows that even the most threatened species can be brought back from the brink of extinction through committed, science-based conservation actions and provides hope for those working to protect wildlife across the globe(伊比利亚猞猁的显著恢复表明，即使是最受威胁的物种也可以通过坚定的、基于科学的保护行动从灭绝的边缘恢复过来，并为那些致力于保护全球野生动物的人提供了希望)”可知，Sarah Durant的话说明了恢复伊比利亚猞猁的努力是有意义的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Just over 20 years ago, there were only 92 of them left, which made it one of the rarest cats in the world. But now, thanks to successful programs, the population has now risen to about 2,021.(就在20多年前，它们只剩下92只，这使它成为世界上最稀有的猫科动物之一。但现在，由于成功的项目，它的数量已经上升到2021只左右。)”和第三段“In order to rebuild the lynx population conservation (保护), efforts for this keystone species have focused on increasing the rabbits, protecting and restoring Mediterranean bush and forest habitat, and reducing deaths caused by human activities.(为了重建猞猁的种群保护，对这一关键物种的努力集中在增加兔子，保护和恢复地中海灌木和森林栖息地，减少人类活动造成的死亡。)”可知，本文主要讲的是伊比利亚猞猁（Iberian lynx）从濒临灭绝到数量显著回升的过程，因此最好的标题是C选项“The Iberian Lynx Makes a Remarkable Recovery(伊比利亚猞猁的数量显著恢复)”。故选C。 主题02 人与自我——健康与运动；科技与认知 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·湖南县市联考·期中) The advantages of physical activity are widely recognized, and there’s an additional benefit to add to the extensive list. Studies have uncovered that middle-aged women who maintain a high level of physical fitness may reduce their risk of developing dementia (失智症) by nearly 90 percent in their later years. Moreover, if they do develop dementia, it is likely to occur a decade later compared to less active women. Dr. Helena Horder from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, who led the research, said, “These findings are exciting because it’s possible that making people’s cardiovascular (心血管的) system fitter in middle age could delay or even stop them from getting dementia.” In the research, 191 women with an average age of 50 did a bicycle exercise test until they were very tired to find out their peak cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was 103 watts. Out of these, 40 women qualified as highly fit, achieving a capacity of 120 watts or more. Meanwhile, 92 women were categorized as moderately fit, and 59 were considered to have a low level of fitness, with a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or their tests were stopped due to health issues. These women were later monitored for dementia six times in the next forty years. During this time, 44 women got dementia. Only 5% of the highly fit women got dementia, while 25% of the medium-fit women and 32% of the low-fit women got it. “Nevertheless, this study does not establish a causal relationship between cardiovascular fitness and dementia; it only indicates a correlation,” Horder noted. “Further research is necessary to determine if improved fitness could positively influence the risk of dementia and to identify the most critical period in one’s life for maintaining a high fitness level.” She also acknowledged the study’s limitations, including a small sample size and the fact that all participants were from Sweden, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. 1．What additional benefit is linked to high physical fitness in middle-aged women? A．Improved heart rate control. B．Reduced dementia risk. C．Superior athletic performance. D．Absence of dementia risk. 2．Why did the researchers ask the women to do the bicycle exercise? A．To change their exercise habits. B．To figure out their highest heart rate. C．To judge their cardiovascular capacity. D．To detect their hidden health problems. 3．What can we know about Dr. Horder’s study? A．Collecting data took a long time. B．Some participants left the study. C．The results were quite satisfactory. D．It aimed to cure dementia effectively. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Middle-Aged Women Need More Exercise B．More Women Exercise to Avoid Dementia C．Biking Betters Women’s Cardiovascular System D．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Have Dementia 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现中年女性保持高水平的身体锻炼可能会显著降低晚年患痴呆症的风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Studies have uncovered that middle-aged women who maintain a high level of physical fitness may reduce their risk of developing dementia (失智症) by nearly 90 percent in their later years.(研究发现，保持高水平身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的风险可能会降低近90%)”可知，中年妇女身体素质高可以降低痴呆风险。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In the research, 191 women with an average age of 50 did a bicycle exercise test until they were very tired to find out their peak cardiovascular capacity.(在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性进行了一项自行车运动测试，直到她们非常疲劳，以找出她们的心血管能力峰值)”可知，研究人员要求这些女性做自行车锻炼是为了判断她们的心血管容量。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“These women were later monitored for dementia six times in the next forty years.(在接下来的40年里，这些女性被监测了6次是否患有痴呆症)”可知，研究收集数据花了很长时间。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Studies have uncovered that middle-aged women who maintain a high level of physical fitness may reduce their risk of developing dementia (失智症) by nearly 90 percent in their later years. Moreover, if they do develop dementia, it is likely to occur a decade later compared to less active women.(研究发现，保持高水平身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的风险可能会降低近90%。此外，如果她们真的患上痴呆症，与不太活跃的女性相比，她们的发病时间可能要晚10年)”可知，文章主要讲述了研究发现中年女性保持高水平的身体锻炼可能会显著降低晚年患痴呆症的风险。由此可知，D选项“健康的女性患痴呆症的可能性更小”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 2 While Industry 5.0, also known as the Fifth Industrial Revolution (IR 5.0), is believed to have started in 2020, the rise of AI in recent years has led experts to say it is now coming. Imagine AI-powered robots that see, hear, touch and more, pooling fresh data from across those groups of sensors to create that data with the vast ranges of digital data stored elsewhere online.The age is a major leap from the First Industrial Revolution, when steam engine started to achieve widespread commercial use. Professor John Nosta says, “The integration of sensory capabilities into AI models is not merely a technological leap. It represents a shift in our philosophical (哲学的) understanding of artificial and human intelligence.” He has also referred to the new era as “the Cognitive (认知) Age”, which will completely change how humans live, work,and think about themselves.According to Nosta, humans don’t typically think of computers as “experiencing” the world themselves. But that assumption will be challenged as more advanced AI systems are hooked up to ever more and ever greater sensors. The machines won’t just be logic boxes that humans input data and commands for processing.The AI will collect that data more and more on its own,experiencing the world for itself. “This is not just about understanding words, but also about grasping the tone, pitch (音高), and emphasis, which add layers of meaning often absent in written text.Image recognition adds another layer of complexity,” he added. “For example, it can analyze photographs, identify objects, and even understand the emotional content of facial expressions.” The Johannesburg-based business school is just one of many college-level programs attempting to investigate and teach its students about the still-emerging IR 5.0.Seton Hall in New Jersey offers a three-credit course on this latest age in human technology and trade; MIT has brought in guest speakers to lecture on the concept,and many other research institutions are following suit. 1．How does IR 5.0 differ from previous industrial revolution? A．It processes data and commands. B．It interacts with humans through texts. C．It enhances human sensory capabilities. D．It employs more senses in its application. 2．Why is IR 5.0 called the Cognitive Age? A．AI turns written texts into voice. B．AI collects and interprets data itself. C．AI understands written language well. D．AI has an ability of expressing emotions. 3．How do some colleges address IR 5.0? A．By providing related courses. B．By expecting more industrial revolution. C．By applying AI to the technological trade. D．By preparing for the rapid economic changes. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．IR 5.0:Machine Learning B．IR 5.0:Evolution and Application C．IR 5.0:The Dawn of Sensory AI D．IR 5.0:AI Is Replacing Humans 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述随着2020年开始的第五次工业革命逐渐成形，近年来人工智能技术的发展促使专家认为这一变革时代已经到来。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Imagine AI-powered robots that see, hear, touch and more, pooling fresh data from across those groups of sensors to create that data with the vast ranges of digital data stored elsewhere online. (想象一下，人工智能机器人可以看到、听到、触摸等等，从这些传感器组中收集新数据，并与存储在网上其他地方的大量数字数据一起创建这些数据)”和第二段的“The integration of sensory capabilities into AI models is not merely a technological leap.It represents a shift in our philosophical(哲学的)understanding of artificial and human intelligence. (将感官能力整合到人工智能模型中不仅仅是技术上的飞跃。它代表了我们对人工智能和人类智能的哲学理解的转变)”可知，第五次工业革命中在应用中使用了更多的感官。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The machines won’t just be logic boxes that humans input data and commands for processing.The AI will collect that data more and more on its own,experiencing the world for itself. (这些机器将不仅仅是人类输入数据和命令进行处理的逻辑盒子。人工智能将越来越多地自己收集数据，自己体验这个世界)”可知，第五次工业革命被称之为认知时代，因为人工智能能够从自己的传感器获取数据，感知世界。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Johannesburg-based business school is just one of many college-level programs attempting to investigate and teach its students about the still-emerging IR 5.0.Seton Hall in New Jersey offers a three-credit course on this latest age in human technology and trade; MIT has brought in guest speakers to lecture on the concept,and many other research institutions are following suit. (这所位于约翰内斯堡的商学院只是许多大学级别课程中的一所，这些课程试图调查和教授学生有关仍在出现的工业革命5.0的知识。新泽西州的西顿霍尔开设了一门三学分的课程，内容涉及人类技术和贸易的最新时代；麻省理工学院已经邀请了客座演讲者就这一概念进行演讲，许多其他研究机构也在效仿)”可知，多所大学提供了关于第五次工业革命的课程和讲座等。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“While Industry 5.0, also known as the Fifth Industrial Revolution (IR 5.0), is believed to have started in 2020, the rise of AI in recent years has led experts to say it is now coming. (虽然工业5.0，也被称为第五次工业革命（IR 5.0），被认为是在2020年开始的，但近年来人工智能的崛起让专家们表示，它现在正在到来。)”结合本文主要介绍了随着人工智能技术的迅速发展，人类已迈入第五次工业革命（IR 5.0），这一新时代标志着人与AI之间更深层次的合作。不同于以往以文本命令为主的交互方式，新的工业革命将实现AI能通过视觉、听觉等多种形式收集、整合信息，并结合网络上庞大的数据进行深度理解，预示着一个被称作“认知时代”的新纪元。由此可知，C项“IR 5.0：感官AI的黎明”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。 主题03 人与社会——节日文化；音乐与健康；科技与健康；人工智能；媒体与社会；科技与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·湖南邵阳邵东第七中学·期中) The Chongyang Festival falls on the 9th day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar, so it is also known as the Double Ninth Festival. The festival is held in the golden season of autumn, at harvest-time. The bright clear weather and the joy of bringing in the harvest make for a festival happy atmosphere. The Chongyang Festival is usually perfect for outdoor activities. Climbing a mountain, carrying a spray of dogwood (茱萸) and drinking chrysanthemum (菊花) wine have become the traditional activities of the festival. The dogwood is a plant with a strong fragrance(香气), and is often used as a Chinese herbal medicine. People in ancient times believed it could drive away evil spirits and prevent one from getting a chill (寒意) in late autumn. So its history as a medicine goes back many centuries. But the custom of carrying a spray of dogwood during the Double Ninth Festival is slowly dying out and many people in the cities do not even know what a dogwood spray looks like. Early in Han Dynasty, about 2000 years ago, people used to climb a high platform outside the capital city of Chang’ an on the occasion of the Chongyang Festival. For many, it was the last outing of the year before the onset of winter. The custom evolved (发展成) into present form, when people go climbing to get some exercises as well as enjoy the autumn scenery. But what about those people who live in plains far from any mountain? The problem is solved by going for a picnic and eating cakes. The Chinese word for “cake” is “Gao”, a homonym (同音异义词) of the Chinese word for “high”. Mountains are high, so eating cakes can, by a stretch of the imagination, take the place of going for a climb. 1．Why do people carry a spray of dogwood on Chongyang Festival? A．Because the dogwood is a plant with a strong fragrance. B．Because the dogwood can be used as a Chinese herbal medicine. C．Because the dogwood has a long history as a medicine. D．Because people believed the dogwood could drive away evil spirits and prevent one from chill. 2． People now climb mountains on the Chongyang Festival . A．to have a last outing of the year before the onset of winter B．to get some dogwoods C．to climb a high platform D．to get some exercise as well as enjoy the beautiful autumn scenery 3．People living in plains far from mountains eat cakes because . A．the Chinese word for “cake” is “Gao” B．the Chinese word “Gao” for “cake” has the same sound with the Chinese word for “high” C．they often take cakes to go for a picnic on the festival D．they like eating cakes 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The Double Ninth Festival is on September 9th. B．People climbed mountains to celebrate the Chongyang Festival in Han Dynasty. C．People often celebrate the Chongyang Festival in the open air. D．Eating cakes is just like climbing mountains. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了重阳节的起源和相关习俗。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The dogwood is a plant with a strong fragrance(香气), and is often used as a Chinese herbal medicine. People in ancient times believed it could drive away evil spirits and prevent one from getting a chill (寒意) in late autumn.(山茱萸是一种具有强烈香味的植物，经常被用作中草药。古时候的人们相信它可以驱除邪灵，防止人在深秋着凉)”可知，重阳节带茱萸是因为人们相信山茱萸可以驱邪、防寒。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The custom evolved (发展成) into present form, when people go climbing to get some exercises as well as enjoy the autumn scenery.(这个习俗后来演变成现在的形式，人们去爬山既是为了锻炼身体，也是为了欣赏秋天的风景)”可知，现在人们在重阳节登山是为了锻炼身体，欣赏美丽的秋景。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“But what about those people who live in plains far from any mountain? The problem is solved by going for a picnic and eating cakes. The Chinese word for “cake” is “Gao”, a homonym (同音异义词) of the Chinese word for “high”. Mountains are high, so eating cakes can, by a stretch of the imagination, take the place of going for a climb.(但是那些住在远离山脉的平原上的人呢?这个问题通过去野餐和吃糕点来解决。汉语中“cake”的发音是“糕”，与汉语中的“高”谐音。山是高的，所以吃糕点，可以通过延伸的想象力，代替去登高)”可知，住在远离大山的平原上的人吃糕点是因为“cake”的发音“糕”与“高”相同，平原上的人们通过吃“糕”来代替登高。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Chongyang Festival is usually perfect for outdoor activities.(重阳节通常是户外活动的最佳时节)”、第四段中“The custom evolved (发展成) into present form, when people go climbing to get some exercises as well as enjoy the autumn scenery.(这个风俗演变成现在的形式，人们去爬山既是为了锻炼身体，也是为了欣赏秋天的景色)”和最后一段中“But what about those people who live in plains far from any mountain? The problem is solved by going for a picnic and eating cakes.(但是那些住在远离山脉的平原上的人呢?解决问题的办法是去野餐和吃糕点)”可推知，人们经常在户外庆祝重阳节；由此可知选项C的描述正确。故选C项。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·湖南长沙芙蓉高级中学·期中) When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You, this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss. Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences. “It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache, but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman, a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted, “there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).” The small study invited 63 young adults to bring one of their favorite songs. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on the participants’ skin — to their left inner forearms. When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs. With millions of songs available, one person’s favorite song is likely not the same as another. After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes (主题). “It’s a very cool result,” said lead study author Darius Valevicius, a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. “I think it’s why I myself and probably many people choose to listen to bittersweet or even spiritual music.” 1．Why does the author mention Adele in the first paragraph? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To lead in the topic. C．To offer a suggestion. D．To provide the background. 2．What is Stroman’s attitude to the effect of listening to music? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Unconcerned. 3．How did the people who listened to bittersweet and moving sons feel? A．They felt less pain. B．They felt stressful. C．They felt upset. D．They felt unhappy. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．When Is the Best Time to Listen to Music? B．How Do You Create Popular Songs Quickly? C．The Best Way to Reduce Pain Might Be to Write Music. D．Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——某些类型的音乐能够帮助你减轻痛苦。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You, this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss.(当阿黛尔在2011年发行单曲《Someone Like You》时，这首苦乐参半的歌曲受到了全球数百万人的欢迎。十多年后，这首歌仍然是她最受欢迎的歌曲之一。她的艺术，以及其他许多掌握了用缓慢而情绪化的节奏让听众感到感动的艺术的人，有一种管理心碎和失去的情感痛苦的方法)”可推断，作者在第一段提到Adele是为了引出话题，说明她的音乐能够引起听众的情感共鸣，并引出音乐对减轻疼痛的研究。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段““It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache, but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman, a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted, “there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).(当你头痛时，音乐不能代替药物，但音乐可以帮助减轻你的疼痛，”安大略省金斯敦皇后大学的教授帕特里克·斯特罗斯曼说。他没有参加这项研究。“与其他药物不同，”他指出，“听音乐没有副作用或风险(只需将音量保持在合理的水平)。”)”可知，Stroman对于听音乐减轻痛苦的效果持积极的态度。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes (主题).(研究人员发现，听苦乐参半且动人的歌曲的人比听平静或欢快主题歌曲的人感觉疼痛更少)”可知，听苦乐参半且动人的歌曲的人比听平静或欢快主题歌曲的人感觉疼痛更少，即他们感觉疼痛减轻了。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences.(根据发表在《疼痛研究前沿》杂志上的一项新研究，听喜欢的歌曲也可以减少人们的疼痛感。研究发现，最有效的止痛药是描述苦乐参半和情感经历的悲伤歌曲)”可知，某些类型的音乐能够帮助你减轻痛苦。故短文的标题为“某些类型的音乐可以帮助你减轻疼痛”。故选D项。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·湖南县市11月联考·期中) Wearable technology is more popular than ever. From smartwatches to health-tracking rings, we can constantly monitor (监测) our sleep patterns, heart rates, and even blood oxygen levels. While research indicates that these devices often promote increased physical activity and healthier lifestyles, there can be a bad point when the constant stream of data becomes too powerful. A recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that wearing fitness trackers to monitor heart conditions like atrial fibrillation — an irregular heartbeat — can make people more anxious about their health. So, how can we keep a balance in a world full of numbers? Experts share how wearable technology can shape our minds — and offer tips for managing the stress it can bring. “The more we attend to something, the more we’re training the brain to worry about it,” says Joanna Hardis, a specialist. “This can make it abstruse to break the negative cycle of checking your fitness tracker and worrying.” Robert Goldel, a scientist studying wearable technology, says fitness trackers can lead to “data overload”, especially when users struggle to explain or manage the information. In fact, a 2019 study from the University of Copenhagen showed that many people rely on fitness tracker data as if it were medical advice, often bringing unnecessary fear and anxiety. “This kind of data so readily available can be hard to ignore when we are literally wearing devices that inform us and serve as visual reminders throughout the day,” says Kate Miskevics, a licensed therapist. Despite the mental strain wearables can cause, their popularity keeps rising. According to the Pew Research Center, nearly one in five U.S. adults regularly uses a smartwatch or fitness tracker. Thankfully, there are ways to manage the anxiety these devices can bring. Hardis says starting by thinking about the way we use them may be the solution. She explains training for a 5K run is one thing, but that obsessively tracking every heart rate is another. If your wearable brings fear, it’s time to rejudge that relationship. 1．What is the main disadvantage of wearables mentioned? A．They can be expensive. B．They may cause some worries. C．They result in unhealthy lifestyles. D．They often fail to provide correct data. 2．Which can best replace the underlined word “abstruse” in paragraph 3? A．Difficult. B．Possible. C．Meaningless. D．Acceptable. 3．What is Kate’s attitude towards the use of fitness trackers? A．Uncaring. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Critical. 4．What may Hardis’ suggestion be? A．Turning to wearables when exercising. B．Running regularly to keep a healthy heart. C．Reconsidering how to use wearable technology. D．Seeking professional advice instead of relying on data. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可穿戴设备虽然能促进健康生活方式，但过度依赖和频繁监测可能导致焦虑和数据过载，专家建议重新审视使用方式以平衡其利弊。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that wearing fitness trackers to monitor heart conditions like atrial fibrillation — an irregular heartbeat — can make people more anxious about their health. (最近发表在《美国心脏协会杂志》上的一项研究发现，佩戴健身追踪器来监测房颤——一种不规则的心跳——等心脏状况会让人们更加担心自己的健康)”可知，可穿戴设备的主要缺点是可能会引起一些担忧。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“The more we attend to something, the more we’re training the brain to worry about it (我们对某件事关注得越多，我们就越在训练大脑去担心它)”和下文“to break the negative cycle of checking your fitness tracker and worrying (打破查看健身追踪器和担心的恶性循环)”可知，关注某事意味着让大脑去担心某事，因此这会让打破这种恶性循环变得很困难，画线词意思应该与Difficult“困难的”相近。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中Kate Miskevics所说的话“This kind of data so readily available can be hard to ignore when we are literally wearing devices that inform us and serve as visual reminders throughout the day (当我们真的戴着设备时，这种随时可用的数据很难被忽视，这些设备整天都在通知我们，并作为视觉提醒)”可知，Kate特别强调了这些数据很难被忽视，设备整天都在强烈地提醒使用者。由此可知，她对此持批判态度。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Hardis says starting by thinking about the way we use them may be the solution. She explains training for a 5K run is one thing, but that obsessively tracking every heart rate is another. If your wearable brings fear, it’s time to rejudge that relationship. (Hardis说，从思考我们使用它们的方式开始可能是解决方案。她解释说，训练5公里跑是一回事，但痴迷地跟踪每一次心率是另一回事。如果你的可穿戴设备带来了恐惧，那么是时候重新审视这段关系了)”可知，Hardis的建议应该是重新考虑如何使用可穿戴技术。故选C项。 Passage 4 (24-25高二上·湖南多校联考·期中) In the past few decades, Ray Kurzweil has made more than 100 forecasts about the future, of which 86% have proven to be accurate. Among his famous predictions is his daring claim that by 2029, artificial intelligence (AI) will pass the Turing test and achieve human-level intelligence. Perhaps his most significant prediction is that the singularity (奇点) will be reached by 2045, marking the point at which human intelligence fully integrates with AI and significantly improves our mental capabilities. Kurzwel’s positive view on the singularity stands in sharp opposition to the warnings from Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, and Bill Gates, who have voiced concerns about the potential risks of superintelligent AI. These figures fear that AI could become uncontrollable and threaten humanity’s survival. Kurzweil, however, sees AI not as an existential risk, but as a powerful tool for improving human abilities. He argues that AI won’t operate as an independent force but will function within a network designed to work alongside humans, improving rather than replacing our abilities. Kurzweil supports his viewpoint with existing technologies, like brain implants used to treat Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病）, suggesting that the integration process is already in progress. He envisions a future where, by the 2030s, individuals will connect their neocortex—the part of the brain responsible for advanced thinking—to the cloud, improving our memory, creativity, and problem-solving skills. Looking ahead to 2045, Kurzweil believes that the singularity will further enable humanity to address complex global challenges and unlock new levels of intellectual and creative potential. Rather than viewing this transformation as a threat, Kurzweil considers it a valuable opportunity for human progress, as AI will empower individuals to meet their physical and intellectual needs. He argues that this will lead to a society characterized by remarkable growth and achievement. 1． What is the significance of the year 2045 in Kurzweil’s predictions? A．It marks the time AI will beat human intelligence for the first time. B．It is the year when AI will successfully pass the Turing test. C．It is the year when AI will become totally uncontrollable. D．It marks the time human intelligence will completely combine with AI. 2． What concerns do the figures like Hawking, Musk, and Gates have about AI development? A．They believe AI will make humans dependent on technology. B．They fear AI could escape human control and endanger humanity. C．They think AI will make humans lose the ability to talk. D．They predict AI will lead to conflicts between nations. 3． Why does Kurzweil mention brain implants used for treating Parkinson’s disease? A．To show that the human-machine integration has already begun. B．To illustrate the potential dangers of AI in the medical field. C．To argue that AI has already beaten human intelligence. D．To suggest it is possible to find cure for Parkinson’s disease. 4． Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Kurzweil’s Dream: The Future of AI B．Kurzweil’s Analysis: AI and Humanity C．Kurzweil’s Prediction: Singularity by 2045 D．Kurzweil’s Warning: The Threat of AI 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了关于未来学家雷·库兹韦尔（Ray Kurzweil）对于人工智能（AI）发展的预测与观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Perhaps his most significant prediction is that the singularity (奇点) will be reached by 2045, marking the point at which human intelligence fully integrates with AI and significantly improves our mental capabilities.( 他或许最为重要的预测是，到2045年将会达到“奇点”，这标志着人类智能将完全与人工智能融合，并显著提升我们的心智能力。)”可知，在库兹韦尔的预测中，2045年的重要意义在于它标志着人类智能将完全与人工智能结合。这一预测被称为“奇点”，意味着人类与AI的融合将显著提升我们的心智能力。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“These figures fear that AI could become uncontrollable and threaten humanity’s survival. (这些人担心人工智能可能变得无法控制，威胁到人类的生存。)”可知，像霍金、马斯克和盖茨这样的人对人工智能的发展感到担忧的是，他们害怕AI可能会脱离人类控制并危及人类的生存。他们担心AI变得不可控，对人类构成威胁。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Kurzweil supports his viewpoint with existing technologies, like brain implants used to treat Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病）, suggesting that the integration process is already in progress. (库兹韦尔用现有的技术来支持他的观点，比如用于治疗帕金森病的大脑植入物，这表明整合过程已经在进行中。)”可知，库兹韦尔提到用于治疗帕金森病的脑植入物是为了表明人机融合的过程已经开始。他通过这一现有技术来支持自己的观点，即人类与机器的融合正在进行中。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Perhaps his most significant prediction is that the singularity (奇点) will be reached by 2045, marking the point at which human intelligence fully integrates with AI and significantly improves our mental capabilities.( 他或许最为重要的预测是，到2045年将会达到“奇点”，这标志着人类智能将完全与人工智能融合，并显著提升我们的心智能力。)”以及通读全文，文章主要围绕库兹韦尔对未来人工智能发展的预测展开，特别是他关于2045年达到“奇点”的预测，即人类智能与AI完全融合的时间点。因此，C选项“Kurzweil’s Prediction: Singularity by 2045(库兹韦尔预测：2045年将出现奇点)”最能概括文章的主旨。故选C。 Passage 5 (24-25高二上·湖南多校联考·期中) The Ig Nobel Prizes, established in 1991, are an amusing alternative to the distinguished Nobel Prizes, honoring research that “makes people laugh, then think.” The name is a clever wordplay on “ignoble,” meaning something lacking honor, reflecting the humorous and unconventional nature of the discoveries. However, beneath the foolishness often lies great scientific value, showing that curiosity can lead to significant understanding, even from seemingly insignificant questions. The prizes draw attention to a range of odd but fascinating studies. In 2024, some researchers were awarded for demonstrating that real plants can copy the appearance of artificial ones they are planted alongside, revealing the remarkable adaptability of nature. Another 2024 study demonstrated that dead fish can swim upstream by using energy from fast-moving water currents, which could inspire energy-efficient designs in engineering. Additionally, a probability experiment involving more than 350,000 coin throws revealed that a thrown coin is more likely to land on the side it started from, offering unexpected understanding into chance and probability. In previous years, similarly quirky studies have been honored. In 2004, one of the Ig Nobel Prizes was awarded to Jillian Clarke. She investigated the scientific soundness of the “five-second rule,” a popular belief that food dropped on the floor is still safe to eat if picked up within five seconds. Some 2006 Ig Nobel Prize winners found that female malaria mosquitoes （蚊子） are equally attracted to the smell of human feet and Limburger cheese. This research, which won the Biology Prize, suggests that these odors could be used to develop innovative mosquito control methods. Held annually in mid-September, around the time the real Nobel Prizes are announced, the Ig Nobel Prize ceremony is a unique mixture of humor and science, where real Nobel Prize winners present the awards. The event contains a number of running jokes, including Miss Sweetie Poo, a little girl who repeatedly cries out “Please stop, I’m bored”, if speakers go on too long. Paper airplanes are traditionally thrown by the audience, adding to the funny nature of the event. 1． What is the main purpose of the Ig Nobel Prizes? A．To provide an alternative to the traditional Nobel Prizes. B．To recognize research that is purely humorous. C．To recognize humorous science research. D．To award the smallest scientific studies. 2． What does the study of coin throwing reveal? A．Possibility cannot be predicted with certainty. B．Human belief influences the probability of a result. C．The end result is always uncertain, with a 50/50 chance. D．Coins tend to land on the side they start from. 3． What does the underlined word “quirky” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Unusual or unconventional. B．Standard or typical. C．Boring or uninteresting. D．Disordered or unstructured. 4． Who presents the Ig Nobel Prizes to the winners? A．Scientists having a sense of humor. B．Political or social celebrities. C．Real Nobel Prize winners. D．Ig Nobel Prize organizers. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍搞笑诺贝尔奖相关信息。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段“The Ig Nobel Prizes, established in 1991, are an amusing alternative to the distinguished Nobel Prizes, honoring research that ‘makes people laugh, then think.’(搞笑诺贝尔奖成立于1991年，是杰出诺贝尔奖的有趣替代品，表彰‘让人发笑，然后思考’的研究)”可知，搞笑诺贝尔奖的主要目的是表彰幽默的科学研究。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Additionally, a probability experiment involving more than 350,000 coin throws revealed that a thrown coin is more likely to land on the side it started from, offering unexpected understanding into chance and probability.(此外，一项涉及超过350000次硬币投掷的概率实验表明，投掷的硬币更有可能落在它开始的一面，为机会和概率提供了意想不到的理解)”可知，对投掷硬币的研究表明，硬币往往落在它开始的一面。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。由第三段“In 2004, one of the Ig Nobel Prizes was awarded to Jillian Clarke. She investigated the scientific soundness of the ‘five-second rule’, a popular belief that food dropped on the floor is still safe to eat if picked up within five seconds. (2004年，吉莉安·克拉克获得了搞笑诺贝尔奖之一。她研究了‘五秒规则’的科学合理性，这是一种流行的观点，即掉在地板上的食物如果在五秒钟内捡起，仍然可以安全食用)”可知，获得奖的研究都是“奇怪”的研究。所以猜测quirky表“不寻常或非常规”的意思。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Held annually in mid-September, around the time the real Nobel Prizes are announced, the Ig Nobel Prize ceremony is a unique mixture of humor and science, where real Nobel Prize winners present the awards. (搞笑诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼每年9月中旬举行，大约在真正的诺贝尔奖公布的时候，搞笑诺贝尔奖典礼是幽默和科学的独特结合，真正的诺贝尔获奖者在这里颁奖)”可知，真正的诺贝尔奖获得者向获奖者颁发搞笑诺贝尔奖。故选C项。 Passage 6 (24-25高二上·湖南长沙雅礼中学·期中) Musk, Hawking, Gates — the tech giants have redoubled their warnings about how we could destroy ourselves with technology. But they’ re not talking about deliberately pushing buttons to trigger disaster. They mean accidentally killing ourselves with something that we invent for our benefit. It’s a little embarrassing to have to admit that accidental deaths are increasing in a world that our ancestors made safer for hundreds of years. Our grandpareats saw the invention of the automobile, the bulldozer (推土机) and so on, and they made them all safer. However, nowadays, we put a smartphone on every hand, and now more than 1000 distraction-related crashes happen on our roads every day. Kids and pets die of heatstroke (中暑) inside cars — we are on track to set a new record for hot car deaths in 2021. We may not have to worry about AI, but our innovations are quietly outpacing our ability. We place blind trust in complex systems that reveal little about how they work. It seems that we have superhuman abilities, and consumers seem willing to play along. They drive at a speed of 80 mph with a phone and a cup of coffee, and they are proud of their multitasks. Sure, other people on phones are dangerous, but you can smoothly switch your attention and notice when any emergency occurs, right? When we misjudged a situation in the past, we got immediate feedback . But technology can place the consequences of our missteps at a distance. Delayed reactions, complex chain reactions — these are all part of how technology works. But having adapted to a world of new inventions, we are crazy about driveriess cars, seldom stopping to consider what could go wrong later down the road. Worse still, technology is even hacking our feedback system. We get excited when we check our phone while driving. Edith Harbaugh, whose company. Launch Darkly, specializes in the controlled release of new technology into the wild, pointed out that we’re creating a dangerously unbalanced system of actions and rewards: “We are not given ice creams every time we do something safe.” So it is too late to worry about threatening technology, which is upon us. The modern world is breaking everything we know about staying safe. If we have any hope of staying alive with the rise of the machines, we are going to need to learn to survive the things we have today. 1． Why is the warning of tech giants mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To give a definition. B．To highlight their wisdom. C．To offer background information. D．To introduce the topic. 2． Which is NOT the reason why technology is threatening? A．We trust complex systems blindly. B．We create too many inventions. C．Our ability cannot keep pace with the innovations. D．Technology can’t give us feedback immediately. 3． If the passage continues, what may be talked about? A．The rise of the machines. B．The destruction of the world. C．The measures to deal with the problem. D．The worries about threatening technology. 4． What is the best title for the text? A．Every Coin Has Two Sides B．Technology is Benefiting us C．Technology is Killing us D．How Should We Deal with Technology 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了科技巨头们对科技可能带来的危险的警告，指出科技正在威胁人类的安全，并分析了其中的原因。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Musk, Hawking, Gates — the tech giants have redoubled their warnings about how we could destroy ourselves with technology. But they’ re not talking about deliberately pushing buttons to trigger disaster. They mean accidentally killing ourselves with something that we invent for our benefit.(马斯克、霍金、盖茨——这些科技巨头已经加倍警告我们，科技可能会毁灭我们自己。但他们并不是在谈论故意按下按钮引发灾难。他们的意思是，我们可能会因为自己发明的、对我们有益的东西而意外地杀死自己)”和第二段中“However, nowadays, we put a smartphone on every hand, and now more than 1000 distraction-related crashes happen on our roads every day. Kids and pets die of heatstroke (中暑) inside cars — we are on track to set a new record for hot car deaths in 2021.(然而，如今，我们每只手上都有智能手机，现在每天在我们的道路上发生1000多起与分心有关的交通事故。孩子和宠物死于车内中暑——我们有望在2021年创下热车死亡的新纪录)”可知，第一段提到了科技巨头们对科技可能带来的危险的警告，这是为了引出本文要讨论的话题，即科技对人类安全的威胁。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s a little embarrassing to have to admit that accidental deaths are increasing in a world that our ancestors made safer for hundreds of years.(不得不承认，在我们的祖先让这个世界变得更安全了几百年之后，意外死亡却在增加，这有点令人尴尬)”和“We may not have to worry about AI. but our innovations are quietly outpacing our ability.(我们可能不必担心人工智能，但我们的创新能力正在悄悄地超越我们的能力)”可知，我们的创新能力正在超越我们的能力，这是科技威胁人类的原因之一；根据第三段中“We place blind trust in complex systems that reveal little about how they work.(我们对复杂的系统盲目信任，而这些系统很少透露它们是如何工作的)”可知，我们对复杂系统的盲目信任是科技威胁人类的另一个原因；根据第四段中“When we misjudged a situation in the past, we got immediate feedback. But technology can place the consequences of our missteps at a distance.(当我们过去误判情况时，我们会立即得到反馈。但科技会让我们的失误产生后果，而且是在一段时间之后)”可知，科技不能立即给我们反馈，这也是科技威胁人类的原因之一。B项“We create too many inventions.(我们创造了太多的发明)”并未在文中提及作为科技威胁人类的原因。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So it is too late to worry about threatening technology, which is upon us. The modern world is breaking everything we know about staying safe. If we have any hope of staying alive with the rise of the machines, we are going to need to learn to survive the things we have today.(因此，现在担心威胁性的技术已经为时已晚，它已经降临到我们身上。现代世界正在打破我们所知道的一切关于保持安全的知识。如果我们希望在机器崛起的情况下活下去，我们就需要学会在现有的条件下生存下去)”可知，文章最后提到了我们需要学会在现有的条件下生存下去，这暗示着接下来可能会讨论如何应对科技带来的威胁，即解决问题的措施。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Musk, Hawking, Gates — the tech giants have redoubled their warnings about how we could destroy ourselves with technology.(马斯克、霍金、盖茨——这些科技巨头已经加倍警告我们，科技可能会毁灭我们自己)”和最后一段“So it is too late to worry about threatening technology, which is upon us.(因此，现在担心威胁性的技术已经为时已晚，它已经降临到我们身上)”可知，文章主要讨论了科技对人类安全的威胁，因此最好的标题是“Technology is Killing us(科技正在杀死我们)”。故选C项。 Passage 7 (24-25高二上·湖南长沙长郡中学·期中) Twenty years ago, the idea of sharing personal information publicly was uncommon. Nowadays, it’s normal for young people to post updates about their lives and interact on the Internet regularly. Supporters of social media say it brings people closer together, and helps make friends, learn about different cultures, and celebrate events. Yet, concerns arise over this lifestyle’s impact, especially regarding the quantity and nature of shared information. Studies reveal that overuse of social media could be harmful. Researchers observed individuals’moods before and after platform interactions and found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they felt. This outcome has several reasons. Social media often features idealized content like beautiful vacations, lively events, and trendy outfits. Since negative experiences or unappealing images are rarely shared, it creates a false reality. Comparing these highlights to one’s own life can contribute to depression, as people may perceive their lives as inferior. Even those sharing the positive content can get worried and stressed about how many likes and comments they get, and whether they are popular enough. Online bullying makes things worse, with people being mean and hurtful in their comments. Since social media is a big part of our lives now, it’s not going away. Research emphasizes finding a balance between our digital and physical existence. It’s not necessary to cut off from the online world to be happy, but it’s important to be aware of the selective image that the online world presents. Understanding that what we see online is a fraction of the complete story allows us to safeguard our mental health and enjoy life to the fullest. 1． What is the impact of inappropriate social media use according to the research? A．It enhances online interactions. B．It increases overall happiness. C．It can lead to unhappiness. D．It improves global connectivity. 2． Why might individuals feel stressed after posting the positive content on social media? A．They are concerned others mislead their posts. B．They believe others lead happier lives. C．They fear they may be cyber-bullied by others. D．They worry about quality of their posts. 3． How does the author develop the third paragraph of the article? A．By providing examples. B．By listing causes. C．By making comparisons. D．By describing process. 4． What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article? A．To encourage people to quit social media. B．To discuss the benefits of social media. C．To highlight the negative effects of social media. D．To advocate balancing online and offline lives. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了社交媒体的流行以及对人们生活的影响，并提醒人们用正确的心态去对待社交媒体所展示的内容。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers observed individuals’ moods before and after platform interactions and found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they felt. (研究者观察了人们在社交媒体互动前后的情绪，并发现人们在社交媒体上花费的时间越长，他们就越感到不快乐) ”可知，过度使用社交媒体会导致人们感到更加不快乐。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Even those sharing positive content can get worried and stressed about how many likes and comments they get, and whether they are popular enough. Online bullying makes things worse, with people being mean and hurtful in their comments. (即便是那些分享积极内容的人也会担心和焦虑自己能得到多少点赞和评论，以及他们是否足够受欢迎。网络欺凌让情况变得更糟，有些人在评论中表现出刻薄和伤人的态度)”可知，发布积极内容的人们也会害怕遭遇其他人的网络欺凌。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段内容及段首的“This outcome has several reasons.(这个结果有多个原因)”可知，本段中作者列举了导致社交媒体使用后感到不快乐的几个原因，如理想化的内容、负面体验的缺失、比较导致的抑郁等，即作者是通过给出原因来展开第三段的。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Research emphasizes finding a balance between our digital and physical existence. It’s not necessary to cut off from the online world to be happy, but it’s important to be aware of the selective image that the online world presents. Understanding that what we see online is a fraction of the complete story allows us to safeguard our mental health and enjoy life to the fullest. (研究强调了在数字世界和现实世界之间找到平衡的重要性。我们不必完全与网络世界断开联系就能感到幸福，但认识到网络世界呈现的是有选择性的画面至关重要。理解我们在网上看到的内容只是完整故事的一部分，这有助于我们保护心理健康并充分享受生活) ”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了提倡平衡线上和线下生活，这是很重要的。故选D。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——音乐与文化；人际关系；科技与娱乐；科技与生活；科学与幽默；体育与科技；社交媒体 Passage 1 Almost every human culture on earth has its own music. The oldest discovered musical instruments date back over 40,000 years to the Stone Age. But scientists believe that music itself could be much older than that, originating alongside language. Why did music become so closely related to the human experience? I think it gave our ancestors sigrificant survival advantages. In prehistoric times, music strengthened the bond between community members. Singing and drumming together released chemicals like oxytocin, dopamine and endorphins in the brain, which led to positive emotions that allowed groups to cooperate better in hunting,child-caring and protection against outside threats, Singing while working made labor less boring and tiring. Our brains seem wired at birth to link music with positive emotions and togetherness and mothers may have sung to little babies as an early form of emotional communication. Music also enhanced defenses. Guards beating drums and making noise during the night signaled that they were ready to counter surprise enemy attacks. Young night watchmen sang to indicate they were awake and vigilant. Soldiers used instruments to send warning calls across longer distances. In all these ways, music enhanced survival odds over human evolution (进化). Groups that could make music together-whether a simple drumbeat or a beautiful song-were more communicative,cooperative and defensive, Natural selection then passed on the capacity for music to the next generations. Supporting this, scientists have discovered specific regions of the brain devoted to musical processing. Babies have the ability to detect musical patterns and tones. Even patients with severe dementia (痴呆) respond emotionally and physically to their favorite childhood songs when nothing else can cause a reaction. So next time you find yourself singing along to a catchy tune, remember that music is part of what makes us uniquely human. Our Stone Age ancestors sang and drummed because it enhanced their survival. We engage with music now simply because we are born to do so. 1．What is an advantage of music according to the text? A．It could keep soldiers awake. B．It could help babies speak earlier. C．It could enhance productivity. D．It could cure certain rare diseases. 2．Which best explains the word “vigilant” underlined in paragraph 3? A．Tired. B．Hungry. C．Strong. D．Watchful. 3． What does the author intend to do in paragraph 5? A．Summarize the previous paragraph. B．Add some background information. C．Introduce a new topic for discussion. D．Provide some advice for the readers. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．My View About the Importance of Music B．Every Human Culture Has its Unique Music C．The Oldest Musical Instrument Was Unearthed D．Music May Come Into Existence Before Language Passage 2 Sharing a room with a family member or a friend can be tough (困难), but it becomes especially difficult when you are sharing it with someone you hardly know. If you find yourself in a similar situation, do not despair. There are things you can do to help you cope with having a roommate, no matter who it may be. First of all, you have to remember that you get what you give. If you are nice to others, then others will be nice to you as well. You also need to set boundaries for yourself and for the other person. So before your new roommate moves in, talk to him. Set the rules early on and discuss your hopes. Remember that there are two things that make up any good relationship: belief and respect. The same thing applies to (适用于) having a roommate. You have to respect each other. So he has that new PS3 game that you have always wanted to try out? Ask permission first. If he says no, don’t ask him for it again. If he lets you borrow his stuff, take care of the item and treat it as if it were your own. Make sure that you return it in the same condition as when you borrowed it. To keep away from disagreements over who does the housework, clean as you go. For chores (杂务) that can be shared, you may want to divide it equally so that you don’t do all the housework. Take turns in washing the dishes. You may do it every other day or you may divide the task so that you only have to do it in the morning and your roommate will only have to do it at night. When it comes to food and grocery items, determine what can be shared. Don’t be too mean when it comes to sharing food. On the other hand, determine what you can share and what you can’t and be clear about it. The advantage of sharing food is that you can save on time and food preparation. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why you need a roommate. B．How you drive a roommate you don’t like. C．What you do to find a roommate. D．How you can get along with your roommate. 2．What may the underlined word “boundaries” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Borders of two countries. B．Personal space. C．Public relations. D．Something shared by all roommates. 3．Good relationship among roommates lies in _____. A．money and gifts B．attraction and good words C．trust and respect D．threats and orders 4．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．There are always quarrels between roommates. B．Try to do all the chores by yourself. C．Share everything with your roommates. D．Try to do the chores by turns. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·湖南湖湘教育三新探索协作体·期中) Artists have long attempted to bring smells into entertainment. In 1960, “Smell-O-Vision” made its first appearance—and only appearance with the Hollywood film Scent of Mystery, which released smells during key plot points via air conditioning. But the effort bombed: during screenings, smells were either delayed or too faint to notice. These days the cutting-edge of entertainment is video games and virtual reality, not films. Several groups are trying to bring smells to virtual worlds. In one paper published this week in Nature Communications, Xinge Yu at City University of Hong Kong and Yuhang Li at Beihang University describe two wearable “olfaction (嗅觉) interfaces”. The first is the size of a band-aid, and is attached to the skin, like a fake moustache, under the user’s nose. The second, more capable version is a flexible face mask. The researchers claim that they can generate a scent, such as green tea, in as little as 1.44-seconds. While the device hasn’t been tested directly with a VR game, the fact that it can be used without heavy wires means a more immersive experience. Getting smells right could make virtual worlds more fascinating. Smells help you remember. The part of the brain that processes them connects directly to parts associated with emotions and memory. Medically, scent-equipped VR could be helpful for people who have anosmia, or an inability to smell, according to Yu. Scents can also be helpful for patients with memory issues and might even help with mood. Yu said he noticed he felt happier when he used the green tea scent in his tests. He realized that the smell was nostalgic: “When I was little, I’d have some chocolate with a green tea flavor,” he recalled. “I still remember peeling off the wrapper, and how I loved the smell.” But the science is tricky. Unlike colour or sound, where wavelengths and frequencies combine in predictable ways, smell is not so straightforward. Altering a single chemical bond can shift a scent from sweet to unpleasant. Whether smelly VR will do better than smelly films remains to be seen. Perhaps one day users will be able to stop, swipe and smell the virtual roses. 1．What can we learn about “Smell-O-Vision”? A．It was easy to operate. B．It was novel and effective. C．It fell short of expectations. D．It bombed Hollywood studios. 2．Which of the following best describes Xinge Yu and Yuhang Li’s device? A．Wearable and light. B．In various shapes. C．Heavy and wireless. D．In wide application. 3．Why did Yu mention his own experience in Paragraph 3? A．To clarify the working principle of olfaction. B．To prove scent-equipped VR could improve mood. C．To present a fact that the green tea scent is popular. D．To give a brief demonstration of the research process. 4． What is the author’s attitude to the future of smelly VR? A．Critical. B．Conservative. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. Passage 4 (24-25高二上·湖南湖湘教育三新探索协作体·期中) Our clothes do a lot for us. They keep us warm in the winter or cool while we` re working out. They let us dress to impress or comfortably relax on the couch. But some researchers think our clothes could be doing even more. Those scientists and engineers are dreaming up new ways to make clothes safer, more comfortable and convenient. Some ideas for new clothing aim to protect people from harm. A new fabric coating could absorb some chemical weapons. That coating is made from a metal-organic framework that breaks down harmful mixtures. It could offer people in war-torn countries protection. Not all advanced clothes are designed to save lives. Some could just make clothes more comfortable. Fabric integrated with nanowires (纳米线) could reflect your body heat back onto your skin. Electric current running through those metal threads could provide warmth. too. This may be especially useful for hikers, soldiers or others working in super cold conditions. On the flip side, another new fabric traps very little body heat. Tiny holes in this material let infrared waves (红外波) pass through. Those waves carry heat away from your body to keep you cool. Some researchers have dreamt up wholly new uses for clothing — like turning wearers into walking power outlets. Flexible solar panels sewn into fabric could soak up the sun to recharge phones or other devices on the go. And some types of fabric could harvest energy directly from a wearer’s motion. While some fabrics help charge devices, others could serve as devices themselves. In one recent experiment, researchers sewed conductive thread into a T-shirt. This turned the shirt into a device that could send signals to a smartphone. Another team threaded fabric with magnetized copper and silver to write data into fabrics. Such data-packed fabric could be used as a hands-free key or form of ID． Many of these ideas have not yet left the lab, but inventors hope these and other innovations could someday let you get more from your wardrobe. 1．What is the function of the coating in Paragraph 2? A．To give off harmful chemicals. B．To absorb energy from chemicals. C．To make clothes more comfortable. D．To protect people from chemical weapons. 2．What do the underlined words “on the flip side” mean in Paragraph 3? A．In addition. B．On the other hand. C．In this way. D．As a consequence. 3．What transforms the T-shirt into a device? A．Precious metal. B．A wearer’s motion. C．Flexible solar panels. D．Conductive thread. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The future of smart clothing. B．The new devices used to make clothes. C．The new materials in clothing industry. D．The creative clothes from your wardrobe. Passage 5 (24-25高二上·湖南长沙长郡中学·期中) The Olympic Games, among the world’s most significant sports events, not only demonstrate the high level of athletic competition but also serve as a symbol of global cultural exchange and unity. However, they face an aging audience and declining viewership. The median age of American viewers was 39 in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, rising to 53 by the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. The Tokyo 2021 viewership dropped by a third compared to 2008. To attract younger audiences and stay relevant, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach has acknowledged the need for the Olympics to evolve, adding “youth-based” sports. Climbing, skateboarding, and surfing were included in Tokyo, and breakdancing made its first appearance in the 2024 Paris Olympics. To further broaden appeal, esports could be the key. With a massive following, esports could attract large audiences and add income through media rights and sponsorships. Esports could also bring Olympic glory to a diverse range of countries and represent the Olympic values of excellence, friendship, and respect. However, the IOC’s approach to esports has been cautious. The inaugural (首次的) Olympic Esports Week in Singapore in June 2023 was met with confusion among fans, with events like archery and “Just Dance” not reflecting as expected, attracting a peak viewership of only 22,000. Recognizing esports’ potential, the IOC has officially included esports in the Olympic Movement with the Olympic Esports Games in Saudi Arabia in 2025. This decision is in line with the principles of the Olympic Agenda 2020+5, which advocates for gender equality, inclusiveness, and diversity. By embracing esports, the Olympics can attract younger audiences, expand its global reach, and maintain its status as a popular sports and entertainment event. 1．What can be inferred from the first paragraph about the Olympic Games? A．The Olympic Games have always been popular among young viewers. B．The IOC has not recognized the changing viewer trends. C．The median age of Olympic viewers has remained stable over time. D．The Olympic Games are becoming less popular in America. 2．How do the Olympics keep connected with society? A．By focusing on traditional sports. B．By adding sports that appeal to younger audiences. C．By reducing the number of events in the Games. D．By hosting the Games in countries with diverse cultures. 3．What was the public’s attitude toward the inaugural Olympic Esports Week? A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Uninterested. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Distinctions between traditional sports and esports. B．Benefits of multicultural countries in esports. C．Possible advantages of adding esports to the Olympics. D．Suggestions on establishing a secure gaming setting for esports. Passage 6 (24-25高二上·湖南长沙湖南师范大学附属中学·期中) Today’s journalists face modern challenges. Online media platforms are springing up. And the lowly newspaper and its reporters are fighting money, tech, and distrust issues. Journalism students and teachers must emphasize new skills to keep their profession alive. A trustworthy press helps inform people and monitor all levels of government. That is essential to a nation. Yet this useful establishment is growing increasingly unpopular. According to the University of North Carolina (UNC), newsroom jobs across the country are fewer than half what they were 10 years ago. And on many college campuses, the news about the news is bleak too. Take the Syracuse, New York, student-run newspaper The Daily Orange: It isn’t daily anymore. The paper prints just three times each week. Next year, The Diamondback of the University of Maryland will be online only. Half the newspapers that still exist on paper say they don’t print as many copies. And UNC’s The Daily Tar Heel has cut staff pay and rented cheaper offices to make its budget. Considering the problems in journalism, it’s surprising that the enrollment (注册人数) in college journalism programs is up. The Daily Orange managing editor Catherine Leffert calls the layoffs and cutbacks disheartening. “But what keeps me wanting to be a journalist is seeing the effect that The Daily Orange has,” she says. But journalism educators wonder, “Are we preparing young people for a dying industry?” Years ago, journalism graduates took low-level reporter jobs at newspapers or television stations. That still happens. But today’s jobs more often involve digital editing, social media production, and video streaming. Some universities are taking action. The University of Florida offers a sports media program. Several schools highlight statistics- driven data journalism. The news isn’t all bad. Journalism professor Kathleen Culver says, “When I look at 18- and 20-year-olds in journalism and see what they want to do, I’m optimistic.” Maddy Arrowood is the student editor of The Daily Tar Heel. She says her experience makes her more interested in a journalism career, not less. Her optimism“comes from knowing that people still need news. They still need information.” 1．What mainly contributes to the challenges for today’s journalists? A．More printed newspapers are in great need. B．The newsroom jobs are decreasing worldwide. C．Online newspapers take the place of printed ones. D．Online media platforms are developing quickly. 2．What does the underlined word“bleak” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Depressing. B．Interesting. C．Uscless. D．Encouraging. 3．How do some universities respond to today’s journalism? A．They reduce student enrollment. B．They offer students specialized programs. C．They prepare students for low-level reporter jobs. D．They encourage students to run their own newspaper. 4．Why is Maddy Arrowood mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show people’s positive attitudes to journalists. B．To prove the potential of a career in journalism. C．To show the popularity of The Daily Tar Heel. D．To prove people’s thirst for the latest news. 主题02 人与自我——成长与感悟；语言学习 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·湖南邵阳新邵县第三中学·期中) When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn't very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn't catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, "Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish." I remember being even more upset then, because I'm not a fish! I didn't know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does? As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow waters to deep waters because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don't have any eyelids (眼皮) and the sun hurts their eyes. The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them. When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, "We all need to think like salespeople." But it didn't completely make sense. My dad never once said, "If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman." What he said was, "… you have to think like a fish." Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters. 1．Why was the author upset in the fishing trips when he was nine? A．Because he could not catch a fish. B．Because his father was not patient with him. C．Because his father did not teach him fishing. D．Because he could not influence a fish as his father did. 2．What did the author's father really mean? A．To read about fish. B．To learn fishing by oneself. C．To understand what fish think. D．To study fishing in many ways. 3．According to the author, fish are most likely to be found___________. A．in deep waters on sunny days B．in deep waters on cloudy days C．in shallow waters under sunlight D．in shallow waters under waterside trees 4． After entering the business world, the author found________. A．it easy to think like a customer B．his father's fishing advice inspiring C．his first boss's sales idea reasonable D．it difficult to sell services to poor people Passage 2 (24-25高二上·湖南衡阳衡阳县第四中学·期中) Earlier research had suggested we're best at learning grammar in early childhood. Then we hit a dead end around age 5. It's supposed to be much harder for older kids. The time when people can learn the rules and structure of a language well appears to last until around age 17 or 18. “But that's not so, ”says psychologist（心理学家）Joshua Hartshorne. Hartshorne asked friends to take an online English grammar test. After completing the test, volunteers answered questions about where they had lived,  the languages they had spoken from birth and the age at which they first started learning English. Hartshorne also asked how long they had lived in an English-speaking country. As he had hoped, people shared the test widely online. This let Hartshorne's group study the answers from 669, 498 native and non-native speakers of English. The researchers used statistics to find out when people with different English-speaking experiences reached their top grammar ability. If people moved to a new country and began speaking English by age 10 to 12, they finally spoke it as well as folks who had learned both English and another language from birth. But both groups scored a little worse than people who spoke English only, the researchers found. The test results showed that around age 17, people's ability to learn grammar took a sharp drop. And those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English skillfulness as people who started younger. Why？The researchers think it's because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at surprise：Language learning did not end at 17. People's English skills kept improving a little until around age 30, the new study found. And this was true among both native speakers and those who learned English as a second language. Still, most language learning happened by age 20, the new study decided. 1．What age period is best for grammar learning according to earlier research？ A．From 17 to 20. B．From 5 to 12. C．Before age 5. D．From 20 to 30. 2．How did Hartshorne get his study statistics？ A．By experimenting in the lab. B．By making an online survey. C．By studying historical records. D．By collecting earlier study results. 3．Which of the following agrees with Hartshorne's study results？ A．Language learning needs much practice. B．Language learning ends at the age of 17. C．The more languages you learn, the better. D．It is best to learn language after 20 years old. 4．What is the best title for the text？ A．How native speakers learn English？ B．What's the best age to learn a language？ C．What's the best way to learn a foreign language？ D．Why non-native speakers can never master a second language？ 主题03 人与自然——动物与环境；自然地理 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·湖南邵东创新高级中学·期中) Birds usually build their nests with sticks, leaves or grass. But do you know that birds are also building their nests with rubbish these years? The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags. A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica. Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have a special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger. However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study. To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment. 1．What did the European scientists find? A．There is rubbish in the nests of many birds. B．Some people help birds build their nests. C．There is almost no bird living in Antarctica. D．Birds can help pick up rubbish. 2．What does the underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Smelly. B．Beneficial. C．Poisonous. D．Splendid. 3．How can cigarette butts “help” birds? A．They can burn other harmful rubbish. B．They can make nests stronger. C．They can keep birds warm. D．They can keep insects away. 4． What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The harmful activities that humans have done to the environment. B．The harm that the environment brings to the wild animals. C．The reason why birds like using rubbish to build their nests. D．Human rubbish may bring more harm to birds. Passage 2 Today, we visit one of the most famous parks — Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. This huge park in the southeastern part of the state covers more than 10 thousand square kilometers of the Alaskan wilderness. It includes mountains, glaciers, fjords (峡湾), and even rain forests. Glacier Bay supports hundreds of kinds of animals, including many species of birds, fish, bears, whales and sea lions. As its name suggests much of Glacier Bay is covered by glaciers. A glacier is a large area of ice that moves slowly down a slope or valley, or over a wide area of land. Glaciers cover a large area of the park. The glaciers found in the park today are what remain from an ice development known as the Little Ice Age. That period began about 4,000 years ago. During the Little Ice Age, the cold weather caused the ice to grow and develop. That growth continued until the 1700s, when the climate began to warm. The hotter temperatures caused the ice to start melting (融化). That melting led the huge glacier to divide into more than 1,000 different glaciers. The extremely tall mountains seen in Glacier Bay were formed by the ice developing and then melting over time. The melting of the ice also created water that filled in and created the many fjords within the park. Fjords are narrow parts of the ocean that sit between cliffs or mountains. Glacier Bay is a popular place for people searching for adventure. Some visitors choose to explore the park by kayak. The small, narrow boats offer visitors a chance to experience the park’s many fjords and its hundreds of kilometers of coastline. 1．If you pay a visit to Glacier Bay, you will find ________. A．it almost covers the whole Alaskan wilderness B．the rain forests are rare in such conditions C．there live numbers of kinds of animals D．there are more birds than other species 2．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Some glaciers existed there long long ago. B．Greenhouse effect has affected the glaciers. C．The glaciers will disappear in the soon future. D．Only 1,000 large glaciers are left at present. 3．What do you know about fjords mentioned in the passage? A．They are formed on the top of mountains. B．The melting of the ice is also called fjords. C．Water is the source of creating many fjords. D．Fjords move as the oceans flow around. 4．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To do a research about Glacier Bay. B．To warn visitors there are too many dangers. C．To show Glacier Bay has a long history. D．To introduce Glacier Bay to readers. 主题01 人与自然——环保与商业；动物保护 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·湖南浏阳·期中) Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. In fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest ecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side of the business continues. This is known as greenwashing, which means “making things that are not green look green”. As the public’s environmental awareness grew, so too did the experience of corporate public relations strategies, and advertisers found ever-more-creative ways to use a green curtain to hide dark motives. When a company spends more time and money claiming to be “green” than actually adopting business practices that minimize environmental impact, it is clear that, for them, environmentalism is little more than a convenient slogan (口号). Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception. And what about today’s consumers? Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about what is true. Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told—why else would companies do it? More information and greater awareness are essential. Analyzing the tricks used by advertisers should be part of every school curriculum. Non-governmental organizations can spread the word. Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies. But it is not enough. Legally enforceable systems must be put in place. So what is already being done about planned attempts to pull the wool over consumers’ eyes? In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission is taking action against misleading advertising claims. France has published Green Claims Guidance, stressing that “an advertisement must avoid conveying a message contrary to the accepted principles of sustainable development”. All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And there lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer. 1．What can we learn about greenwashing? A．It is an ecological concept. B．It is a marketing technique. C．It is an awareness campaign. D．It is an advertising innovation. 2．What does the underlined phrase “conceal deception” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Hide the truth. B．Raise the risk. C．Expose the weakness. D．Break the limit. 3．What can be inferred about most consumers? A．They are lacking in legal knowledge. B．They have encouraged greenwashing. C．They may question consumer groups. D．They tend to make sensible decisions. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Actions to fight false advertising. B．Ways to protect customers’ interest. C．Attempts to solve environmental problems. D．Proposals to ensure sustainable development. Passage 2 The Iberian lynx, which, as the name suggests, is resident in the Iberian Peninsula, is a beautiful medium-sized cat noted for its spotted coat, short tail and long, pointy ears. Feeding on rabbits and other small animals, the lynx lives in the Mediterranean bushes of southern Spain’s Doñana National Park and the Sierra Morena, although it has now also been seen in other parts of Andalucia as well as Portugal Just over 20 years ago, there were only 92 of them left, which made it one of the rarest cats in the world. But now, thanks to successful programs, the population has now risen to about 2,021. There are several reasons as to why the Iberian lynx was on the brink (边缘) of extinction. During Spain’s Franco era, the ruler asked people to kill the lynx, saying that they were pests. Further things impacting the numbers have been general habitat destruction and lynx being hit by vehicles when they try to cross roads. The most important reason for their decline, though, is that rabbits, which make up 90 percent of a lynx’s diet, were in trouble themselves with diseases such as myxomatoses, leading to a massive decline in European rabbit populations, which in turn meant that lynx were starving to death. In order to rebuild the lynx population conservation (保护), efforts for this keystone species have focused on increasing the rabbits, protecting and restoring Mediterranean bush and forest habitat, and reducing deaths caused by human activities. Since 2010, more than 400 Iberian lynx have been seen in Portugal and Spain. The Iberian lynx now occupies at least 3,320 km2, an increase from 449 km2 in 2005. “The significant recovery of the Iberian lynx shows that even the most threatened species can be brought back from the brink of extinction through committed, science-based conservation actions and provides hope for those working to protect wildlife across the globe,” said Sarah Durant, professor at ZSL’s Institute of Zoology in reaction to the news. 1．Which of the following makes the Iberian lynx famous according to the text? A．Its appearance. B．Its small population. C．Its large size. D．Its habitat. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The characteristics of the Iberian lynx. B．The existing number of the Iberian lynx. C．The main food of the Iberian lynx. D．The factors causing the decline of the Iberian lynx. 3．What do Sarah Durant’s words show? A．It is high time to protect wildlife all over the world. B．The efforts to recover the Iberian lynx are meaningful. C．Science-based programs matter most to animal conservation. D．Species that are in great danger will be easily saved from extinction. 4． What can be the best title for the text? A．The History of the Iberian Lynx B．Human Activities Influence the Iberian Lynx C．The Iberian Lynx Makes a Remarkable Recovery D．The Damage to Habitat of the Iberian Lynx 主题02 人与自我——健康与运动；科技与认知 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·湖南县市联考·期中) The advantages of physical activity are widely recognized, and there’s an additional benefit to add to the extensive list. Studies have uncovered that middle-aged women who maintain a high level of physical fitness may reduce their risk of developing dementia (失智症) by nearly 90 percent in their later years. Moreover, if they do develop dementia, it is likely to occur a decade later compared to less active women. Dr. Helena Horder from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, who led the research, said, “These findings are exciting because it’s possible that making people’s cardiovascular (心血管的) system fitter in middle age could delay or even stop them from getting dementia.” In the research, 191 women with an average age of 50 did a bicycle exercise test until they were very tired to find out their peak cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was 103 watts. Out of these, 40 women qualified as highly fit, achieving a capacity of 120 watts or more. Meanwhile, 92 women were categorized as moderately fit, and 59 were considered to have a low level of fitness, with a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or their tests were stopped due to health issues. These women were later monitored for dementia six times in the next forty years. During this time, 44 women got dementia. Only 5% of the highly fit women got dementia, while 25% of the medium-fit women and 32% of the low-fit women got it. “Nevertheless, this study does not establish a causal relationship between cardiovascular fitness and dementia; it only indicates a correlation,” Horder noted. “Further research is necessary to determine if improved fitness could positively influence the risk of dementia and to identify the most critical period in one’s life for maintaining a high fitness level.” She also acknowledged the study’s limitations, including a small sample size and the fact that all participants were from Sweden, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. 1．What additional benefit is linked to high physical fitness in middle-aged women? A．Improved heart rate control. B．Reduced dementia risk. C．Superior athletic performance. D．Absence of dementia risk. 2．Why did the researchers ask the women to do the bicycle exercise? A．To change their exercise habits. B．To figure out their highest heart rate. C．To judge their cardiovascular capacity. D．To detect their hidden health problems. 3．What can we know about Dr. Horder’s study? A．Collecting data took a long time. B．Some participants left the study. C．The results were quite satisfactory. D．It aimed to cure dementia effectively. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Middle-Aged Women Need More Exercise B．More Women Exercise to Avoid Dementia C．Biking Betters Women’s Cardiovascular System D．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Have Dementia Passage 2 While Industry 5.0, also known as the Fifth Industrial Revolution (IR 5.0), is believed to have started in 2020, the rise of AI in recent years has led experts to say it is now coming. Imagine AI-powered robots that see, hear, touch and more, pooling fresh data from across those groups of sensors to create that data with the vast ranges of digital data stored elsewhere online.The age is a major leap from the First Industrial Revolution, when steam engine started to achieve widespread commercial use. Professor John Nosta says, “The integration of sensory capabilities into AI models is not merely a technological leap. It represents a shift in our philosophical (哲学的) understanding of artificial and human intelligence.” He has also referred to the new era as “the Cognitive (认知) Age”, which will completely change how humans live, work,and think about themselves.According to Nosta, humans don’t typically think of computers as “experiencing” the world themselves. But that assumption will be challenged as more advanced AI systems are hooked up to ever more and ever greater sensors. The machines won’t just be logic boxes that humans input data and commands for processing.The AI will collect that data more and more on its own,experiencing the world for itself. “This is not just about understanding words, but also about grasping the tone, pitch (音高), and emphasis, which add layers of meaning often absent in written text.Image recognition adds another layer of complexity,” he added. “For example, it can analyze photographs, identify objects, and even understand the emotional content of facial expressions.” The Johannesburg-based business school is just one of many college-level programs attempting to investigate and teach its students about the still-emerging IR 5.0.Seton Hall in New Jersey offers a three-credit course on this latest age in human technology and trade; MIT has brought in guest speakers to lecture on the concept,and many other research institutions are following suit. 1．How does IR 5.0 differ from previous industrial revolution? A．It processes data and commands. B．It interacts with humans through texts. C．It enhances human sensory capabilities. D．It employs more senses in its application. 2．Why is IR 5.0 called the Cognitive Age? A．AI turns written texts into voice. B．AI collects and interprets data itself. C．AI understands written language well. D．AI has an ability of expressing emotions. 3．How do some colleges address IR 5.0? A．By providing related courses. B．By expecting more industrial revolution. C．By applying AI to the technological trade. D．By preparing for the rapid economic changes. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．IR 5.0:Machine Learning B．IR 5.0:Evolution and Application C．IR 5.0:The Dawn of Sensory AI D．IR 5.0:AI Is Replacing Humans 主题03 人与社会——节日文化；音乐与健康；科技与健康；人工智能；媒体与社会；科技与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·湖南邵阳邵东第七中学·期中) The Chongyang Festival falls on the 9th day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar, so it is also known as the Double Ninth Festival. The festival is held in the golden season of autumn, at harvest-time. The bright clear weather and the joy of bringing in the harvest make for a festival happy atmosphere. The Chongyang Festival is usually perfect for outdoor activities. Climbing a mountain, carrying a spray of dogwood (茱萸) and drinking chrysanthemum (菊花) wine have become the traditional activities of the festival. The dogwood is a plant with a strong fragrance(香气), and is often used as a Chinese herbal medicine. People in ancient times believed it could drive away evil spirits and prevent one from getting a chill (寒意) in late autumn. So its history as a medicine goes back many centuries. But the custom of carrying a spray of dogwood during the Double Ninth Festival is slowly dying out and many people in the cities do not even know what a dogwood spray looks like. Early in Han Dynasty, about 2000 years ago, people used to climb a high platform outside the capital city of Chang’ an on the occasion of the Chongyang Festival. For many, it was the last outing of the year before the onset of winter. The custom evolved (发展成) into present form, when people go climbing to get some exercises as well as enjoy the autumn scenery. But what about those people who live in plains far from any mountain? The problem is solved by going for a picnic and eating cakes. The Chinese word for “cake” is “Gao”, a homonym (同音异义词) of the Chinese word for “high”. Mountains are high, so eating cakes can, by a stretch of the imagination, take the place of going for a climb. 1．Why do people carry a spray of dogwood on Chongyang Festival? A．Because the dogwood is a plant with a strong fragrance. B．Because the dogwood can be used as a Chinese herbal medicine. C．Because the dogwood has a long history as a medicine. D．Because people believed the dogwood could drive away evil spirits and prevent one from chill. 2． People now climb mountains on the Chongyang Festival . A．to have a last outing of the year before the onset of winter B．to get some dogwoods C．to climb a high platform D．to get some exercise as well as enjoy the beautiful autumn scenery 3．People living in plains far from mountains eat cakes because . A．the Chinese word for “cake” is “Gao” B．the Chinese word “Gao” for “cake” has the same sound with the Chinese word for “high” C．they often take cakes to go for a picnic on the festival D．they like eating cakes 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The Double Ninth Festival is on September 9th. B．People climbed mountains to celebrate the Chongyang Festival in Han Dynasty. C．People often celebrate the Chongyang Festival in the open air. D．Eating cakes is just like climbing mountains. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·湖南长沙芙蓉高级中学·期中) When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You, this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss. Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences. “It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache, but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman, a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted, “there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).” The small study invited 63 young adults to bring one of their favorite songs. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on the participants’ skin — to their left inner forearms. When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs. With millions of songs available, one person’s favorite song is likely not the same as another. After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes (主题). “It’s a very cool result,” said lead study author Darius Valevicius, a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. “I think it’s why I myself and probably many people choose to listen to bittersweet or even spiritual music.” 1．Why does the author mention Adele in the first paragraph? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To lead in the topic. C．To offer a suggestion. D．To provide the background. 2．What is Stroman’s attitude to the effect of listening to music? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Unconcerned. 3．How did the people who listened to bittersweet and moving sons feel? A．They felt less pain. B．They felt stressful. C．They felt upset. D．They felt unhappy. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．When Is the Best Time to Listen to Music? B．How Do You Create Popular Songs Quickly? C．The Best Way to Reduce Pain Might Be to Write Music. D．Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·湖南县市11月联考·期中) Wearable technology is more popular than ever. From smartwatches to health-tracking rings, we can constantly monitor (监测) our sleep patterns, heart rates, and even blood oxygen levels. While research indicates that these devices often promote increased physical activity and healthier lifestyles, there can be a bad point when the constant stream of data becomes too powerful. A recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that wearing fitness trackers to monitor heart conditions like atrial fibrillation — an irregular heartbeat — can make people more anxious about their health. So, how can we keep a balance in a world full of numbers? Experts share how wearable technology can shape our minds — and offer tips for managing the stress it can bring. “The more we attend to something, the more we’re training the brain to worry about it,” says Joanna Hardis, a specialist. “This can make it abstruse to break the negative cycle of checking your fitness tracker and worrying.” Robert Goldel, a scientist studying wearable technology, says fitness trackers can lead to “data overload”, especially when users struggle to explain or manage the information. In fact, a 2019 study from the University of Copenhagen showed that many people rely on fitness tracker data as if it were medical advice, often bringing unnecessary fear and anxiety. “This kind of data so readily available can be hard to ignore when we are literally wearing devices that inform us and serve as visual reminders throughout the day,” says Kate Miskevics, a licensed therapist. Despite the mental strain wearables can cause, their popularity keeps rising. According to the Pew Research Center, nearly one in five U.S. adults regularly uses a smartwatch or fitness tracker. Thankfully, there are ways to manage the anxiety these devices can bring. Hardis says starting by thinking about the way we use them may be the solution. She explains training for a 5K run is one thing, but that obsessively tracking every heart rate is another. If your wearable brings fear, it’s time to rejudge that relationship. 1．What is the main disadvantage of wearables mentioned? A．They can be expensive. B．They may cause some worries. C．They result in unhealthy lifestyles. D．They often fail to provide correct data. 2．Which can best replace the underlined word “abstruse” in paragraph 3? A．Difficult. B．Possible. C．Meaningless. D．Acceptable. 3．What is Kate’s attitude towards the use of fitness trackers? A．Uncaring. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Critical. 4．What may Hardis’ suggestion be? A．Turning to wearables when exercising. B．Running regularly to keep a healthy heart. C．Reconsidering how to use wearable technology. D．Seeking professional advice instead of relying on data. Passage 4 (24-25高二上·湖南多校联考·期中) In the past few decades, Ray Kurzweil has made more than 100 forecasts about the future, of which 86% have proven to be accurate. Among his famous predictions is his daring claim that by 2029, artificial intelligence (AI) will pass the Turing test and achieve human-level intelligence. Perhaps his most significant prediction is that the singularity (奇点) will be reached by 2045, marking the point at which human intelligence fully integrates with AI and significantly improves our mental capabilities. Kurzwel’s positive view on the singularity stands in sharp opposition to the warnings from Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, and Bill Gates, who have voiced concerns about the potential risks of superintelligent AI. These figures fear that AI could become uncontrollable and threaten humanity’s survival. Kurzweil, however, sees AI not as an existential risk, but as a powerful tool for improving human abilities. He argues that AI won’t operate as an independent force but will function within a network designed to work alongside humans, improving rather than replacing our abilities. Kurzweil supports his viewpoint with existing technologies, like brain implants used to treat Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病）, suggesting that the integration process is already in progress. He envisions a future where, by the 2030s, individuals will connect their neocortex—the part of the brain responsible for advanced thinking—to the cloud, improving our memory, creativity, and problem-solving skills. Looking ahead to 2045, Kurzweil believes that the singularity will further enable humanity to address complex global challenges and unlock new levels of intellectual and creative potential. Rather than viewing this transformation as a threat, Kurzweil considers it a valuable opportunity for human progress, as AI will empower individuals to meet their physical and intellectual needs. He argues that this will lead to a society characterized by remarkable growth and achievement. 1． What is the significance of the year 2045 in Kurzweil’s predictions? A．It marks the time AI will beat human intelligence for the first time. B．It is the year when AI will successfully pass the Turing test. C．It is the year when AI will become totally uncontrollable. D．It marks the time human intelligence will completely combine with AI. 2． What concerns do the figures like Hawking, Musk, and Gates have about AI development? A．They believe AI will make humans dependent on technology. B．They fear AI could escape human control and endanger humanity. C．They think AI will make humans lose the ability to talk. D．They predict AI will lead to conflicts between nations. 3． Why does Kurzweil mention brain implants used for treating Parkinson’s disease? A．To show that the human-machine integration has already begun. B．To illustrate the potential dangers of AI in the medical field. C．To argue that AI has already beaten human intelligence. D．To suggest it is possible to find cure for Parkinson’s disease. 4． Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Kurzweil’s Dream: The Future of AI B．Kurzweil’s Analysis: AI and Humanity C．Kurzweil’s Prediction: Singularity by 2045 D．Kurzweil’s Warning: The Threat of AI Passage 5 (24-25高二上·湖南多校联考·期中) The Ig Nobel Prizes, established in 1991, are an amusing alternative to the distinguished Nobel Prizes, honoring research that “makes people laugh, then think.” The name is a clever wordplay on “ignoble,” meaning something lacking honor, reflecting the humorous and unconventional nature of the discoveries. However, beneath the foolishness often lies great scientific value, showing that curiosity can lead to significant understanding, even from seemingly insignificant questions. The prizes draw attention to a range of odd but fascinating studies. In 2024, some researchers were awarded for demonstrating that real plants can copy the appearance of artificial ones they are planted alongside, revealing the remarkable adaptability of nature. Another 2024 study demonstrated that dead fish can swim upstream by using energy from fast-moving water currents, which could inspire energy-efficient designs in engineering. Additionally, a probability experiment involving more than 350,000 coin throws revealed that a thrown coin is more likely to land on the side it started from, offering unexpected understanding into chance and probability. In previous years, similarly quirky studies have been honored. In 2004, one of the Ig Nobel Prizes was awarded to Jillian Clarke. She investigated the scientific soundness of the “five-second rule,” a popular belief that food dropped on the floor is still safe to eat if picked up within five seconds. Some 2006 Ig Nobel Prize winners found that female malaria mosquitoes （蚊子） are equally attracted to the smell of human feet and Limburger cheese. This research, which won the Biology Prize, suggests that these odors could be used to develop innovative mosquito control methods. Held annually in mid-September, around the time the real Nobel Prizes are announced, the Ig Nobel Prize ceremony is a unique mixture of humor and science, where real Nobel Prize winners present the awards. The event contains a number of running jokes, including Miss Sweetie Poo, a little girl who repeatedly cries out “Please stop, I’m bored”, if speakers go on too long. Paper airplanes are traditionally thrown by the audience, adding to the funny nature of the event. 1． What is the main purpose of the Ig Nobel Prizes? A．To provide an alternative to the traditional Nobel Prizes. B．To recognize research that is purely humorous. C．To recognize humorous science research. D．To award the smallest scientific studies. 2． What does the study of coin throwing reveal? A．Possibility cannot be predicted with certainty. B．Human belief influences the probability of a result. C．The end result is always uncertain, with a 50/50 chance. D．Coins tend to land on the side they start from. 3． What does the underlined word “quirky” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Unusual or unconventional. B．Standard or typical. C．Boring or uninteresting. D．Disordered or unstructured. 4． Who presents the Ig Nobel Prizes to the winners? A．Scientists having a sense of humor. B．Political or social celebrities. C．Real Nobel Prize winners. D．Ig Nobel Prize organizers. Passage 6 (24-25高二上·湖南长沙雅礼中学·期中) Musk, Hawking, Gates — the tech giants have redoubled their warnings about how we could destroy ourselves with technology. But they’ re not talking about deliberately pushing buttons to trigger disaster. They mean accidentally killing ourselves with something that we invent for our benefit. It’s a little embarrassing to have to admit that accidental deaths are increasing in a world that our ancestors made safer for hundreds of years. Our grandpareats saw the invention of the automobile, the bulldozer (推土机) and so on, and they made them all safer. However, nowadays, we put a smartphone on every hand, and now more than 1000 distraction-related crashes happen on our roads every day. Kids and pets die of heatstroke (中暑) inside cars — we are on track to set a new record for hot car deaths in 2021. We may not have to worry about AI, but our innovations are quietly outpacing our ability. We place blind trust in complex systems that reveal little about how they work. It seems that we have superhuman abilities, and consumers seem willing to play along. They drive at a speed of 80 mph with a phone and a cup of coffee, and they are proud of their multitasks. Sure, other people on phones are dangerous, but you can smoothly switch your attention and notice when any emergency occurs, right? When we misjudged a situation in the past, we got immediate feedback . But technology can place the consequences of our missteps at a distance. Delayed reactions, complex chain reactions — these are all part of how technology works. But having adapted to a world of new inventions, we are crazy about driveriess cars, seldom stopping to consider what could go wrong later down the road. Worse still, technology is even hacking our feedback system. We get excited when we check our phone while driving. Edith Harbaugh, whose company. Launch Darkly, specializes in the controlled release of new technology into the wild, pointed out that we’re creating a dangerously unbalanced system of actions and rewards: “We are not given ice creams every time we do something safe.” So it is too late to worry about threatening technology, which is upon us. The modern world is breaking everything we know about staying safe. If we have any hope of staying alive with the rise of the machines, we are going to need to learn to survive the things we have today. 1． Why is the warning of tech giants mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To give a definition. B．To highlight their wisdom. C．To offer background information. D．To introduce the topic. 2． Which is NOT the reason why technology is threatening? A．We trust complex systems blindly. B．We create too many inventions. C．Our ability cannot keep pace with the innovations. D．Technology can’t give us feedback immediately. 3． If the passage continues, what may be talked about? A．The rise of the machines. B．The destruction of the world. C．The measures to deal with the problem. D．The worries about threatening technology. 4． What is the best title for the text? A．Every Coin Has Two Sides B．Technology is Benefiting us C．Technology is Killing us D．How Should We Deal with Technology Passage 7 (24-25高二上·湖南长沙长郡中学·期中) Twenty years ago, the idea of sharing personal information publicly was uncommon. Nowadays, it’s normal for young people to post updates about their lives and interact on the Internet regularly. Supporters of social media say it brings people closer together, and helps make friends, learn about different cultures, and celebrate events. Yet, concerns arise over this lifestyle’s impact, especially regarding the quantity and nature of shared information. Studies reveal that overuse of social media could be harmful. Researchers observed individuals’moods before and after platform interactions and found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they felt. This outcome has several reasons. Social media often features idealized content like beautiful vacations, lively events, and trendy outfits. Since negative experiences or unappealing images are rarely shared, it creates a false reality. Comparing these highlights to one’s own life can contribute to depression, as people may perceive their lives as inferior. Even those sharing the positive content can get worried and stressed about how many likes and comments they get, and whether they are popular enough. Online bullying makes things worse, with people being mean and hurtful in their comments. Since social media is a big part of our lives now, it’s not going away. Research emphasizes finding a balance between our digital and physical existence. It’s not necessary to cut off from the online world to be happy, but it’s important to be aware of the selective image that the online world presents. Understanding that what we see online is a fraction of the complete story allows us to safeguard our mental health and enjoy life to the fullest. 1． What is the impact of inappropriate social media use according to the research? A．It enhances online interactions. B．It increases overall happiness. C．It can lead to unhappiness. D．It improves global connectivity. 2． Why might individuals feel stressed after posting the positive content on social media? A．They are concerned others mislead their posts. B．They believe others lead happier lives. C．They fear they may be cyber-bullied by others. D．They worry about quality of their posts. 3． How does the author develop the third paragraph of the article? A．By providing examples. B．By listing causes. C．By making comparisons. D．By describing process. 4． What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article? A．To encourage people to quit social media. B．To discuss the benefits of social media. C．To highlight the negative effects of social media. D．To advocate balancing online and offline lives. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$