写作指南 下篇 第2讲 读后续写技法指导(课件PPT)-【状元桥】2026高考英语一轮总复习（人教版 新教材）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦读后续写专题，依据高考评价体系梳理了词汇升级、句式变换、细节描写、情节连贯四大核心考查维度，通过情感动作场景等高频描写词汇（如“beam with pleasure”“tremble from head to toe”）和8大经典句式（非谓语、倒装等）的系统归纳，明确细节刻画与逻辑连贯占60%以上的考点权重，构建针对性备考体系。 课件亮点在于“词汇-句式-修辞-实战”四维训练模式，结合卖爆米花、故事大赛等真题典例，运用6大修辞（明喻、拟人等）提升语言能力，通过“梳理情节-刻画细节-首尾呼应”解题流程培养思维品质。提供高分模板与易错点分析（如笼统词替换），助力学生掌握得分技巧，教师可据此精准教学，实现高效备考。

下篇　读后续写 写作指南 第二讲　读后续写技法指导 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 返回目录 高考一轮总复习·英语 　 制 作 者：状元桥 适用对象：高中学生 制作软件：Powerpoint2010、 Photoshop cs3 运行环境：WindowsXP以上操作系统 考生在平时的训练中，除了要提高准确使用词汇的能力外，还要注意词汇的丰富性：减少笼统词、低年级常用词的使用，培养使用派生词、短语的习惯。既要有灵活使用简单句的能力，又要有变换使用不同结构的句式的意识和能力，如非谓语动词作状语、倒装句等，这样会提升表达的准确性，增加语句的丰富性，使文章更加生动、具体。 (一)妙笔生花，在“词”一举 在高考英语作文阅卷过程中，老师会尤为偏爱一些“高级”词汇。下面从情感、动作、场景、人物和动物几个方面进行梳理，帮助大家升级表达。 情感描写 1．开心、快乐 a belly laugh 捧腹大笑　 be all smiles 一脸笑意 be full of joy 充满欢乐 in high spirits 精神高涨 over the moon 欣喜若狂 be wild with joy 欣喜若狂 light up 露出喜色 beam with pleasure 喜不自胜 in a good mood 心情很好 jump for joy 高兴地跳起来 smile broadly 咧嘴一笑 laugh up one's sleeve 窃笑 laugh heartily 开怀大笑 laugh like a drain 放声大笑 a yell of delight 欢呼 laugh one's head off 大笑不止 smile with relief 宽慰地笑 take delight in 以……为乐 roar with laughter 大笑起来 to one's joy 令某人高兴的是 break into a smile 突然笑起来 be delighted at 对……感到高兴 flash sb a smile 向某人微微一笑 burst into laughter 突然大笑起来 grin from ear to ear 笑得合不拢嘴 dance for/with joy 高兴地跳起舞来 speak in a cheerful voice 高兴地说 brighten sb's heart 使某人心情愉快 flash a bright smile 绽放出灿烂的笑容 flush with excitement 激动得满脸通红 smile sweetly/faintly 嫣然一笑/淡淡一笑 with a smile on one's lips 某人嘴角挂着微笑 have a big smile on one's face 某人笑容满面 2．生气、恼怒 boil over 怒火中烧　　 be cross with sb 生某人的气 feel furious 感到愤怒 be filled with anger 满腔怒火 blow one's top 暴跳如雷 flush with anger 脸气得通红 glare at sb 怒视某人 explode with anger 大发雷霆 fly into a rage 勃然大怒 hit the ceiling 勃然大怒 get irritated at 对……感到恼火 eyes burning with anger 满眼怒火 be seized by anger 被愤怒所控制 stamp one's feet in anger 气得跺脚 face twists in anger 脸因为生气而扭曲 mask one's anger with a smile 用微笑来掩饰某人的愤怒 be shaking/trembling/speechless with rage 气愤得发抖/战栗/说不出话来 3．害怕、恐惧 a feeling of fear 恐惧的感觉 a flood of fear wells up 一阵恐惧涌上心头 a tremble of fear 恐惧引发的颤抖 in fear of 担心…… choke with fear 因害怕而哽咽 face turns pale with fear 害怕得脸色苍白 fear creeps over sb 恐惧笼罩着某人 have one's heart in one's mouth 提心吊胆 in panic/terror 惊恐地 make one's blood run cold 使某人不寒而栗 make sb flesh creep 使某人毛骨悚然 make sb's hair stand on end 使某人毛骨悚然 be scared out of one's wits 吓得魂不附体 scare sb to death 吓死某人了 tremble from head to toe 全身颤抖 4．伤心、难过 a strong sense of loss 强烈的失落感 be immersed in sorrow 沉浸在悲伤中 be overcome with grief 悲痛欲绝 be overwhelmed by grief 肝肠寸断 burst into tears 号啕大哭 choke back sobs 强忍住哭泣 close to tears 快要哭了 cry/weep one's eyes out 痛哭不止 fall into despair 陷入绝望 feel sad and empty 感到难过和空虚 fight back tears 强忍住泪水 with head drooping 低着头 hide one's face in one's hands 把头埋在手里 in low spirits 情绪低落 sob/weep one's heart out 悲切地哭泣 tears blur one's eyes 泪水模糊了视线 tears spring to one's eyes 某人眼里涌出了泪水 with tears in one's eyes 眼含热泪 wipe tears from one's face 擦去某人脸上的泪水 weep silently 默默地流泪 tears well up in one's eyes 某人热泪盈眶 tears roll down one's face 眼泪顺着某人的面颊流下来 5．困惑、茫然 at a loss 迷茫 be puzzled/confused 迷惑不解 eyebrows knot together 眉头紧锁 mind goes blank 脑子一片空白 scratch one's head 苦苦琢磨 with a blank expression on one's face 一脸茫然地 with a puzzled frown on one's face 某人满脸困惑，双眉紧锁 6．感动 be moved to tears 感动到流泪 be touched/moved deeply 深受感动 touch one's heart strings 触动某人的心弦 a warm feeling wells up in one's heart 一股暖流涌上心头 7．惊讶 in a state of shock 震惊不已 be in for a shock 大吃一惊 be numb with shock 惊呆了 be still in a state of shock 惊魂未定 in astonishment 惊讶 jump out of one's skin 大吃一惊 knock sb sideways 使某人惊讶得目瞪口呆 to one's amazement/ astonishment 让某人惊讶的是 be astonished with one's mouth wide open 惊讶地张大嘴巴 8．骄傲 be overweening 目中无人 burst with pride 充满自豪感 have a swelled head 骄傲自大 hold one's head high 昂首挺胸 order people about by gestures 颐指气使 think highly of oneself 自命不凡 9．紧张、焦虑 be on edge 紧张不安　 feel ill at ease 局促不安 gaze around 左顾右盼 heart beats wildly 心跳很快 pace up and down 踱来踱去 palms get sweaty 手心出汗 sit on pins and needles 如坐针毡 be restless with anxiety 坐立不安 have ants in one's pants 坐立不安 have butterflies in one's stomach 紧张不安 动作描写 1．与“看”相关 eyes rest on sth 目光落在　　　 fix eyes on 盯着 keep an eye on 照看 see through 看透 stare at 凝视 look around 环视 exchange a glance with sb 与某人交换眼色 catch sb's eye 引起某人注意 look sb in the eyes 直视某人 lose sight of 忽略，看不见 take a glance (at) 匆匆地看一下 keep one's eyes fixed on 目不转睛地看着 don't let sb out of your sight 不让某人离开你的视线 2．与“说”相关 ask with curiosity 好奇地问　 blurt sth out 脱口而出 a slip of the tongue 口误 let out a cry 大喊 talk to oneself 自言自语 whisper into one's ears 耳语 speak in a low voice 低声地说 talk at the top of one's voice 大声说话 murmur in one's ear 在某人耳边悄声说话 say without the slightest hesitation 坚定地说 3．头部动作 nod one's head 点头　　 raise one's head 抬头 wag/shake one's head 摇头 turn one's head around 转头 lower/bend/bow one's head 低头 hang one's head in disappointment 垂头丧气 one's head shakes like a rattle 某人的脑袋像拨浪鼓一样摇晃 4．臂部动作 embrace tightly 紧紧拥抱　 raise one's hand 举手 shake hands 握手 pat sb on the shoulder 拍肩膀 put one's arms around sb 伸出双臂搂住某人 reach out one's hand 伸出某人的手 stretch out one's arms 伸出胳膊 take one's hand 拉着某人的手 take sb in one's arms 把某人搂进怀里 throw one's arms around 张开双臂搂住 wave one's arms vigorously 用力地挥舞手臂 hold sb in a tender embrace 温柔地抱着某人 5．腿部动作 bounce up 跳起　　　 chase after 追逐 head for/to 前往 drag one's legs 拖着双腿 leap up 一跃而起 limp all the way 一路跛行 rush/dash into 冲进 move about/around 四处走动 slip out of 从……溜走 slide into/steal into 溜进 walk on tiptoe 踮着脚尖走 quicken one's pace 加快步伐 spring to one's feet 立刻站起来 wander down the road 沿着路漫步 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 walk on the street aimlessly 漫无目的地在大街上走着 场景描写 1．天气 clear up 放晴　　　 a gentle breeze 一缕微风 a light rain 小雨 a stormy night 暴风雨之夜 freezing fog 寒雾 hot and steamy 炎热潮湿 be buried in snow 埋在雪中 bright sunlight 明媚的阳光 unbearable heat 难以忍受的热 be full of dark clouds 乌云密布 the day is bitterly cold 天气寒冷 a sharp/hard/severe frost 酷寒 snow melts slowly 雪慢慢地融化了 fierce/heavy/violent storms 狂风暴雨 be raining cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨 continuous/constant rain 连绵不断的雨 be bathed in the sunshine 沐浴在阳光下 in the warm spring sunshine 在春天温暖的阳光里 2．景物 a dense forest 密林　　　 deep blue sky 深蓝色的天空 dim moonlight 月光朦胧 pale moonlight 皎洁的月光 the muddy road 泥泞的路 a shallow river 浅浅的河流 peaceful fields 宁静的田野 the cloudless sky 无云的天空 the twinkling stars 闪烁的星星 reflections in the lake 湖中的倒影 rough/stony mountain road/track 崎岖不平/多石的山路/小道 3．社会环境 a variety of commodities 种类繁多的商品 busy and crowded cities 繁忙拥挤的城市 many people coming and going 人来人往 panicked crowds 慌乱的人群 people in a hurry 行色匆匆的人们 in the slight yellow light of road lamps 微黄的路灯灯光下 人物描写 1．人物外貌 double chin 双下巴　　　 a pale face 脸色苍白 delicate looks 眉清目秀 rough hands 粗糙的双手 a wrinkled face 布满皱纹的脸 be of medium height 中等身材 a girl in rags 一个衣衫褴褛的姑娘 a large and square face 大而方的脸 a weather-beaten face 饱经风霜的脸 deep-set brown eyes 深陷的褐色眼睛 wear shoulder-length hair 留着齐肩发 with big eyes and bushy eyebrows 浓眉大眼 2．人物性格 a difficult person 不好相处的人 a quick temper 急性子 a wise guy 自以为无所不知的人 be ready to help others 乐于助人 be capable and aggressive 能干且有进取心的 down to earth spirit 务实精神 easy to get along with 容易相处 fashion-minded 思想新潮的 lack of self-confidence 缺乏自信 with pleasant personality 性格和善 动物描写 brush the fur 梳理毛发　　 grope for sth 摸索东西 follow one's nose 凭嗅觉指引 stand on the back legs 后腿站立 wag the tail politely 礼貌地摇尾巴 thrust its sharp claws at 用利爪挠向 flatten oneself to the ground 趴在地上 let out a cheerful bark 发出欢快的叫声 a motionless snake 一条一动不动的蛇 bark a sharp warning 狂吠出尖锐的警告声 【典例感悟】 The Meredith family lived in a small community.As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs.Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.People were trying to help each other meet the challenges. Mrs.Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them. One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before.There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy.The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much. “I wish you could see him，” she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara.“He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.” After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money，” said Clara.“His family is suffering so much.” “So do I，” said Harry.“We really should do something to assist them.” For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish (完成)．” The other children also jumped up all attention.When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. “I tell you what we can do，” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.” 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 One possible version： Paragraph 1： When Mrs.Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.Very soon, the children learnt how to pop the corn and then were busy in doing this “big” thing.At the same time, their mother went out to buy the paper bags that they needed.When she came back, she brought with her Bernard.Bernard felt grateful to all of them for what they had done for him. Paragraph 2： With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.Much sooner than could be expected, he returned with an empty basket and so much money that he had never seen before.He was so delighted that he could hardly speak, but his bright smiling face spoke for him.For many weeks, every Saturday, the three children would prepare popcorn for Bernard to sell.This little boy therefore could help support his family.All of this was because of John's bright idea. [解题流程] 第一步：浏览所给信息，确定主题大意 who Mrs.Meredith；John, Harry, and Clara; Bernard what The Meredith family helped Bernard earn money. where a small community when As the economy was in decline. why Bernard's father was sick. 文章大意 Mrs.Meredith and her three children found a good way to help poor Bernard earn money. 表达主题 Love and Kindness 第二步：梳理已知段落，确定主要情节 关注两条主线： 1．plot(明线)：即谁做了什么，为什么，可以从文中获取。 2．plot(发展)：Meredith一家人乐于助人，而Bernard一家人需要帮助，而两家人产生交集，交汇点则是孩子们的互动：即Meredith家的三个孩子积极思考，想出了帮助Bernard挣钱的方法——卖爆米花。 3．feelings(暗线)：即谁感觉如何，需要进行合理的推测。 第三步：借助段落开头，确定续写内容 研读续写段落的开头语 Para.1 When Mrs.Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.(切入点)Mrs.Meredith赞同约翰的“好主意”。 1．What did Mrs.Meredith encourage her children after she heard the good idea? 2．How did the children and Bernard do exactly？ 研读续写段落的开头语 Para.2 With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.(切入点)一切准备好之后，结果会如何呢？ 1.How did poor Bernard sell the popcorn? 2．Did poor Bernard earn money in the end？ 续写内容 Para.1 约翰和其他孩子们是具体如何做的。 Para.2 Bernard如何具体去卖爆米花的。 第四步：刻画细节冲突，优美连贯表达 描绘孩子们忙于做爆米花的细节；Bernard卖光爆米花的开心愉悦的心情描写。情节描述合情合理，衔接自然，生动有趣。 第五步：做到首尾呼应，结构完整合理 文章开头点明主意很好，结尾应围绕着约翰的“好主意”展开，因此结尾“All of this was because of John's bright idea.”做到首尾呼应，情节合理，描述得当。 (二)8大句式，6大修辞，优化升级 读后续写要求考生不仅要尽可能多地使用“高级”词汇，同时还要将其恰当地应用到句子中，升级表达。下面列出了续写常用的八大句式，如果能在续写中灵活、恰当地使用，一定会给你的续写增色，也会让阅卷老师眼前一亮。 一、8大经典句式 句式1：Doing/Done…，主＋谓…… ①Yawning, Roland stretched his body and was unwilling to wake up. 打着哈欠，Roland伸展身体，不愿意醒来。 ②Amused by his silly mistake, we almost laughed our head off. 我们被他愚蠢的错误逗乐了，狂笑不已。 ③Bathed in a festival atmosphere, he was in high spirits. 他沉浸在节日的气氛中，情绪高涨。 ④Touched deeply, he decided to tell a white lie. 他深受感动，决定撒一个善意的谎言。 ⑤Greeting us with a confident smile, Rafael shared his story in a magnetic voice, which left me surprised. Rafael带着自信的微笑和我们打招呼，用一种充满魅力的声音分享了他的故事，这让我很惊讶。 句式2：主＋谓……，doing/done… ①He was stunned there, staring at me with wide eyes. 他惊呆了，睁大眼睛盯着我。 ②He listened with close attention, biting his lips and holding his breath. 他仔细听着，咬着嘴唇，屏住呼吸。 ③Her father was lying on his back, trapped under the truck. 她父亲仰面躺着，被困在卡车下面。 ④He was on pins and needles, waiting for the test results. 他如坐针毡，焦急地等待着考试结果。 句式3：介词短语作状语 ①Because of anger, his voice trembled. 因为愤怒，他的声音颤抖了。 ②By virtue of striving constantly, he managed to get out of the icy water. 由于不断努力，他设法从冰冷的水中爬了出来。 句式4：独立主格结构 ①He stood there, tears of gratitude welling up in his eyes. 他站在那里，眼里涌出感激的泪水。 ②With her hands holding beloved gifts, she hummed and skipped in the park like a bird. 手里拿着心爱的礼物，她像小鸟一样哼着曲子，在公园里蹦蹦跳跳。 ③She smiled, with her long hair flowing in the breeze. 她微笑着，长发在微风中飘动。 句式5：“表情感类的形容词”作状语 ①Curiously, he approached to find a sliver balloon. 出于好奇，他走近发现是一个银色的气球。 ②She stood beside her chair, amazed and embarrassed. 她站在她椅子旁边，又惊讶又尴尬。 句式6：强调句型：It was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋句子其他部分 ①It was the whole situation that made her very depressed and upset. 正是整个境况让她感到非常沮丧和心烦。 ②It was at that moment that he was discouraged like a deflated ball. 就是在那一刻，他灰心丧气，像一个泄气的球。 句式7：倒装句 ①Only then did he know what had happened. 到那时候他才知道发生了什么事。 ②Not until then did he know he chose the wrong route. 直到那时候他才知道他选择了错误的路线。 ③So desperate was she that she was on the verge of tears. 她如此绝望以至于眼泪快要流下来了。 ④At the front door stood her husband, Tom, who suffered great anxiety when she was missing. 她的丈夫汤姆站在前门，当她不见时，他非常焦虑。 句式8：虚拟语气 ①But for this experience, she wouldn't have realized that she should spend more time with her family. 如果没有这次经历，她就不会意识到她应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。 ②If I hadn't quarreled with Tom, I wouldn't be trapped in this awful place, confronted with the danger of death. 如果我没有和汤姆吵架，我就不会被困在这个可怕的地方，面对死亡的危险。 除了上述句式外，有时写一个短小精辟的句子，可以起到画龙点睛的作用。 ①I turned back, meeting his black eyes full of gentleness and feeling like a mild breeze sweeping through my heart.However, I refused. 我转过身来，看见他那双充满温柔的黑眼睛，仿佛一阵和风吹过我的心。然而，我拒绝了。 ②What was sparking in her eyes was love which I had struggled to seek for so long.Then she beamed. 她眼里闪烁着我苦苦寻觅已久的爱。然后她笑了。 ③Each person was eager to express and share their experiences, raising hands enthusiastically.I was no exception. 每个人都迫不及待地表达和分享他们的经历、热情地举起了手。我也不例外。 ④It was daybreak when Jane woke up.Feeling refreshed, she continued to walk along the stream to find the way out.Jane 醒来时天已破晓。她感到神清气爽，继续沿着小溪寻找出路。 ⑤On the way home I ran like the wind.When I reached the front door, my legs were shaking and I was wet in sweat. 在回家的路上，我像风一样奔跑。到达前门时，我两腿发抖，浑身是汗。 二、6大常用修辞 1．明喻：用一种事物比喻所要说明的另一事物，两者在本质上或性质上有相似之处。常用格式是“本体＋喻体”，常用like, as…as, as if或as though 引导。 ①Life is rather like opening a tin of sardines.We're all looking for the opener. 人生就像开启一罐沙丁鱼，我们大家都在找起子。 ②Good coffee is like friendship：rich and warm and strong. 好的咖啡如同友谊：丰厚、温暖、热烈。 2．暗喻：对所比喻事物不直接点明而是用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。 ①Humor is the shock absorber of life; it helps us take action. 幽默是生活的减震器，它可以鼓舞我们付诸行动。 ②Love is a lamp.The darker the background is, the brighter it looks. 爱是一盏灯。背景越暗，它看上去就越亮。 3．拟人：赋予无生命事物、自然现象、抽象概念或动物人的感情、行为、品质、态度等特征，以达到彼此交融、合二为一的效果。 ①The wind stood up and gave a shout. 大风凛冽，发出怒吼。 ②The forest held its breath, and the trees seemed to listen attentively. 森林屏住了呼吸，树木似乎聚精会神地听着。 4．类比：比较两事物在多方面的相似或不同之处，常用结构：A is to B what C is to D．A之于B犹如C对D一样。 ①Shoes are to feet what tires are to wheels. 鞋子之于脚犹如轮胎之于车轮一样。 ②Books are to our minds what food is to our body. 书籍之于我们的思想，犹如食物之于我们的身体。 5．夸张：通过夸大程度达到强调句意、丰富感情色彩的目的。 ①He worked his fingers to the bone.他拼命干活。 ②I was scared to death.我吓得要死。 6．引用：写文章时，引用现成语(如成语、诗句、格言、典故等)以表达自己的思想感情，说明自己对新问题、新道理的见解。它使论据确凿、充分，增强说服力，富有启发性，而且语言精炼，含蓄典雅。 ①What impresses me most is his famous saying, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.” 最让我印象深刻的是他的名言：“天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。” ②Since “Life is a stage”，we are actually actors and actresses. 因为“生活是一个舞台”，我们实际上都是男女演员。 【典例感悟】 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Having taken part in the interschool storytelling championship for the past two years, I was a shining star of my school.When it came to choosing the right candidate to participate in such competitions, I was always the first choice. Naturally, I was once again selected to represent my school in the approaching contest this year. Upon hearing the fact that I was chosen again, my classmates and friends acknowledged that I would undoubtedly emerge as the champion again.Consequently, I became conceited(自负的)．I was so proud that I neglected the importance of practicing for the contest. A week before the contest.my teacher Ms.Sara asked. “Selena, would you like to stand in front of the class to rehearse for the contest？” She had tutored me in the past two competitions and knew how important practice was.“Just imagine you are on the stage in the presence of the audience.” she added. “I'm sorry.Ms.Sara，” I replied.“I have a bit of a sore throat.” This was usually the lie I would tell whenever my teacher requested me to practice in front of the class.I always found excuses to avoid doing it because I believed that I was the best and therefore the practice was unnecessary.On one occasion, I even told Ms.Sara not to worry too much as I was well prepared for the contest.In fact, I did everything but practice my script.I only managed to glance briefly through the story the day before the contest.As the best storyteller among the students of the local secondary schools, I was too vain to practice and expected everything to be fine. The contest was being held in the local community hall. On the day of the contest, the hall was packed.My school teachers and principal were there along with many of my classmates and schoolmates.I was the eighth contestant out of twenty in total.Those who spoke before me did extremely well. On seeing their fascinating and outstanding performance, I began to lose confidence in myself.My palms sweated heavily and I started to feel nervous. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 One possible version： Paragraph 1： Soon it was my turn to talk.Facing the crowd, I found myself suffering from stage fright.I spoke in a nervous voice and even stuttered a few times as I forgot parts of the story.My legs trembled and so did my voice.Seeing my terrible performance, the judges shook their heads.The supporters from my school looked at me in disappointment.Never had I been so embarrassed in my life.Eventually, I walked off the stage, with all tears in my eyes. Paragraph 2： Finally, results were announced after the contest.I did not win any prizes, which was not surprising at all.I felt ashamed when I faced my classmates and Ms.Sara.I regretted underestimating my opponents and overestimating myself.My vanity had cost me the championship.I regretted being so arrogant. I had learned my lesson well and finally understood the meaning of the famous saying, “Modesty helps one to make progress, but conceit makes one lag behind”． 【试题分析】 在过去的两年里，“我”一直是校际故事大赛上的明星。所以，“我”再次代表学校参加今年即将到来的比赛。由于“我”的骄傲自负，“我”疏于练习，甚至还编造谎话躲避排练，因为“我”一直坚信自己是最棒的。然而，比赛当天，看到其他选手出色的表演，“我”开始慌了。“我”的手心开始出汗，内心十分紧张。 【写作指导】 本文主题语境为人与自我，通过作者的个人经历说明了骄傲使人落后的人生道理。续写时应注意在末尾点睛升华，可以用谚语等结尾。续写部分整体线索是：比赛开始——表演糟糕——尴尬下台——羞愧后悔——反思——得到教训。 第一段：由提示句“很快，轮到我讲故事了”以及材料中对作者疏于练习的描述可以推测：由于赛前准备不够充分，作者表演的时候非常紧张，甚至数次因忘词而口吃。这次表演非常糟糕，评委和支持者们很失望。作者感觉这辈子从来没有这么尴尬过，眼含着泪水走下舞台。 第二段：由提示句“最后，比赛结束后宣布了比赛结果”并结合续写第一段的内容可知，第二段可描写作者没有得奖以及作者的自我反思，如：作者感到羞愧，后悔低估了对手，高估了自己，终于明白了“虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后”这句话的含义。 情感描写 1．我这辈子从来没有这么尴尬过。 ①I had never been so embarrassed in my life. ②Never had I been so embarrassed in my life.(倒装句型) 2．面对同学和萨拉老师的时候，我感到羞愧。 ①I felt ashamed when I faced my classmates and Ms.Sara.(时间状语从句) ②Feeling ashamed, I faced my classmates and Ms.Sara. (分词作状语) 3．我后悔低估了对手，高估了自己。 I regretted underestimating my opponents and overestimating myself. 动作描写 1．我说话的声音很紧张，甚至因为忘记了故事的某些部分而结巴了好几次。 I spoke in a nervous voice and even stuttered a few times as I forgot parts of the story. 2．我的腿在颤抖，声音也在颤抖。 My legs trembled and so did my voice. 3．看到我糟糕的表现，评委们摇了摇头。 ①After the judges saw my terrible performance, they shook their heads. ②Seeing my terrible performance, the judges shook their heads.(分词作状语) 4．学校的支持者失望地看着我。 The supporters from my school looked at me in disappointment. 【高级句式】 1．我泪流满面地走下舞台。 I walked off the stage, with all tears in my eyes.(with 复合结构) 2．我没有获得任何奖项，这一点也不令人惊讶。 I did not win any prizes, which was not surprising at all. (定语从句) $$