内容正文:
板块三 复杂多变的动词
语法专项提升
第六讲 非谓语动词
STEP1 刷透真题 明晰技法
STEP2 突破重点 点拨疑惑
目
录
Contents
STEP3 跟踪检测 提升能力
STEP1 刷透真题 明晰技法
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高考一轮总复习·英语
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考点一 非谓语动词的形式及意义
STEP2 突破重点 点拨疑惑
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考点二 非谓语动词作状语
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考点三 非谓语动词作定语
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考点四 非谓语动词作宾语
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考点五 非谓语动词作宾补
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考点六 非谓语动词作主语和表语
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STEP3 跟踪检测 提升能力
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to display your English talent
English activities well prepared by ourselves
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sharing with you the pleasant time in the party
reciting English poems
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高考一轮总复习·英语
制 作 者:状元桥
适用对象:高中学生
制作软件:Powerpoint2010、
Photoshop cs3
运行环境:WindowsXP以上操作系统
感悟高考
1.(2025·1月浙江)I really want to make this work for people's lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean __________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend.
答案 returning
解析 句意:我真的很想让它为今天人们的生活发挥作用,我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特殊的周末后的周一还衣服。mean doing sth意味着做某事,故填returning。
感悟高考
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ)These sepals open on warm days _______ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
答案 to give
解析 此处表示目的,使用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to give。
感悟高考
3.(2024·全国甲)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ____________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
答案 to catch
解析 tend to do sth倾向于做某事,不定式作宾语,故填to catch。
感悟高考
4.(2024·北京)And when ________________(ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).
答案 asked
解析 主语he与ask之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;在when引导的时间状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词形式,则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略,故填asked。
感悟高考
5.(2024·北京)Just then, some kids ran at him, ____________ (knock) his books out of his arms.
答案 knocking
解析 分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语形式;some kids与动词knock之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作伴随状语,故填knocking。
技法点拨
1.巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别
①若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(doing);
②若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done);
③若非谓语动词表将来的动作,作状语表示目的,在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等,要想到用不定式形式(to do)。
技法点拨
2.掌握非谓语动词的句型公式
It's+adj.+(for/of sb+)to do sth;It's no good/use/pleasure doing sth;find/think/believe/consider+it+adj.+to do sth.
3.牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词
4.作介词的宾语用动词-ing
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意 义
不
定
式
一般式
to do
to be done
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式
to be doing
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意 义
不定
式
完成式
to have done
to have been done
表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词
一般式
doing
being done
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或基本上同时发生
完成式
having done
having
been done
表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词
一般式
done
与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,表完成
①Completed in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼,它激发了全世界的想象力。
②Having been fired by the company, the man now has difficulties in supporting his family.
被公司解雇了,这位男士现在难以养活他的家庭。
③There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前,还有很多问题仍需要解决。
(一)不定式作状语
1.作目的状语,可用so as to/in order to替换,但 so as to一般不可置于句首,意为“为了;想要”。
①To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
为了帮助我们准备考试,老师建议我们通读笔记。
②Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地。
2.作结果状语,常表示出乎意料的结果,常用于下列结构中:only to do;enough to do(足够做……);too…to do…(太……而不能……);so/such…as to…(如此……以至于……)等。
③Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
3.作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, dangerous, heavy, good, important, impossible, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
④We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们吃惊的是,这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
(二)分词作状语
现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
⑤Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。
⑥Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.
像古代的船员一样,鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。
[指津] 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态。常见的:located(坐落于), lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)。
(三)独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/ roughly/strictly speaking, talking of, speaking of, judging from/by, taking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank, to tell(you)the truth, to be honest, to make things worse 等。
⑦Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.
从口音判断,他来自香港。
⑧To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.
说实话,我有点累。
(四)独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构。
1.独立主格结构的特点:
(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;(2)独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系;(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
2.独立主格结构的常见构成:(1)名词/代词+分词;(2)名词/代词+不定式;(3)with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。
⑨Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow.
明天如果天气好,我们就进行比赛。
⑩The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday.
考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。
1.Music has no obvious adaptive function, ___________ (make) scientists who study music wonder what forces originally gave rise to it.
答案 making
解析 make在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与上文整个句子构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故应用现在分词形式作结果状语。
2.Due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP), people all over the world are wearing masks ______________(reduce) the risk of infection.
答案 to reduce
解析 句意:由于新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发,世界各地的人们都戴口罩,以降低感染风险。分析句子结构可知,reduce在句中应用非谓语动词形式,此处作目的状语应用不定式。
1.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是逻辑上的动宾关系,若该不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。
①Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn't find any paper to write on.
突然她想到了一个好主意,但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
(2)序数词,形容词最高级,the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。
②He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见名词:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
③And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
④The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
2.分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式:现在分词、“being+过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时,用现在分词;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示正在进行时,用“being+过去分词”;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示完成时,用过去分词。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式:现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词只表示动作已完成,不表示被动。
⑤In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的身体质量指数高于农村地区的男性和女性。
⑥China's National Highway 318, extending over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
国道318,从上海延伸到西藏樟木,全长5 000多千米,因其令人惊叹的景色而被誉为“天路”。
[指津] 非谓语动词作定语的解题思路
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done);表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing);表示被动、进行用being done;表示主动、尚未进行用to do;表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较:
①The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.
②Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky.
③The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.
④The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.
1.It's a very ______________(worry) picture of risk and urgent need for action.
答案 worrying
解析 修饰名词picture,应用动词-ing形式的形容词,作定语。
2.Freud was one of the first scientists _______________ (make) serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activities ________________(base) in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.
答案 to make;based
解析 空格处应填非谓语动词。由第一个空前的the first可知,应用动词不定式作定语; 第二个空格base与activities之间为动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语。
3.COVID-19 has the potential _____________(wipe) out different kinds of apes if humans don't take steps to prevent its spread.
答案 to wipe
解析 句意:如果人类不采取措施阻止COVID-19的传播,COVID-19有可能消灭各种类人猿。have the potential to do sth表示“有可能做某事”,所以空处为动词不定式作后置定语,修饰potential。
4. As darkness falls, the best place ________________ (witness) the city is on the wall, where one can't help but imagine the distant past.
答案 to witness
解析 所填词此处用作定语,因其所修饰的名词前有最高级修饰,所以应用不定式作定语。
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词:agree, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail(未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen(碰巧)等。
①Finally I managed to put my whole head into it, like a cork (软木塞) forced into a bottle.
最后,我把整个头都塞进去了,就像软木塞塞进瓶子一样。
2.只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语:admit, avoid, consider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to等。此外,have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth;have fun(in) doing sth等结构中也用动名词作宾语。
②I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.
我回避提及这个话题,以免冒犯他。
③It's quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim?
今天很热。你想去游泳吗?
3.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词:
forget to do sth 忘记去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth 对即将做的事表示遗憾(未做)
regret doing sth 对做过的事表示后悔(已做)
remember to do sth 记得去做某事(未做)
remember doing sth 记得做过某事(已做)
stop to do sth 停下来做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
try to do sth 尽力去做某事
try doing sth 尝试做某事
go on to do sth 继续做另一件事
go on doing sth 继续做原来做的事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
can't help to do sth 不能帮助做某事
can't help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事
④—That would mean wasting a lot of labour.
——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。
—Really?I don't mean to waste any labour.
——是吗?我并没打算浪费劳动力。
[指津] (1)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时,其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。
(3)介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时,若前有实义动词do,不定式要省略to。
⑤Minimize the impact of visiting the place.
最大限度地减少参观这个地方造成的影响。
1.After ________________(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
答案 spending
解析 介词after后接动词作宾语,应用动词的-ing形式。
2.We paced around to avoid ____________(get) frostbite (冻伤) as the temperature stayed close to -30℃ and our drill batteries became too cold to work.
答案 getting
解析 句意:由于温度保持在-30°C附近并且我们的钻机电池变得太冷而无法工作,因此我们四处走动以避免冻伤。avoid doing“避免做某事”,用动名词作宾语。
3.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ____________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
答案 to have
解析 aim to do sth力求做某事,为固定搭配。
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时,宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。
①If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯,我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
(1)有些动词,如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
②Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/ thought+to do/to have done结构中,不定式用作主语补足语。
③The president was reported to have visited China.
据报道,那位总统已经访问了中国。
2.分词作宾补
(1)现在分词作宾补时,动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel),使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。
④Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?
听!你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗?
(2)过去分词作宾补时,动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel),使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。
⑤They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装点着红包和祝福好运的信息。
(3)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点:
♦have sth done=get sth done让别人做某事;
♦have sb/sth doing让……一直做某事;get sth/sb doing 使……开始做某事;
♦have sb do sth=get sb to do sth让某人做某事。
⑥Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.
在开车进城之前,你需要洗洗车。
(4)with的复合结构:♦with+宾语+doing表示主动,说明动作正在发生或经常发生;♦with+宾语+done表示被动或完成;♦with+宾语+to do表示将要发生的动作。
⑦The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
⑧With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job.
截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间,约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
⑨With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
由于有许多工作要做,她不被允许离开办公室。
1.What the scientists did on Chang'e-5 paid off at last, which inspires more and more Chinese people ____________ (devote) themselves to further space research.
答案 to devote
解析 句意:科学家们在嫦娥五号上所付出的最终得到了回报,它激励着越来越多的中国人致力于进一步的太空研究。结合句意表示“激励某人做某事”可知短语为inspire sb to do sth。
2.The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its feet ________________(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
答案 clapping
解析 句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。clap与逻辑主语the audience为主谓关系,故用现在分词。
3.The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected ________________ (increase) to 42 by 2050.
答案 to increase
解析 此处是be expected to do sth “被预计做某事”结构,故此处填不定式作主语补足语,填to increase。
1.不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时,一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长,常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
①It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
步行或骑行这完整的14千米是可能的。
(2)不定式作表语时,1)表示预定要发生的动作;
2)当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时,常用不定式作表语;3)主语为what引导的名词性从句时,表语多用不定式。
②His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
③What I want to do most in senior high school is to improve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
2.动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念,也可用it作形式主语,把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型:It's awaste of time doing…; It's no use/good doing…; It is useless doing…; There is no point doing…等。
④Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
直面你的问题而不是逃避它们,是解决这些问题最好的方法。
⑤It's no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词,用于解释主语的内容,表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
⑥My job is cleaning the house three times a week(=Cleaning the house three times a week is my job).
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
(3)remain作系动词时,意为“仍然是”时,后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语;但作不及物动词时,意为“尚待……;留待……”时,后常接to be done。
⑦She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下,但她还是站着。
⑧It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
1.______________(map) the distribution of cave species could act as additional evidence for researchers investigating past climate conditions.
答案 Mapping
解析 句意:绘制洞穴物种的分布图可以作为研究人员调查过去气候条件的额外证据。所给词map是动词,含义为“描绘,绘制地图”,在句中作主语,应使用动名词形式,且位于句首。
2.Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results so far are ________________(encourage).
答案 encouraging
解析 句意:生物打印可能是一个相对较新的领域,但迄今为止的结果令人鼓舞。根据上文are可知应填形容词encouraging作表语,表示“令人鼓舞”,修饰物。
Ⅰ.语法填空
Michael Jeffrey Jordan(born February 17, 1963), also 1.______________(know) by his initials, M J, is an American former professional basketball player, entrepreneur, and majority owner and chairman of the Charlotte Bobcats.His biography on the National Basketball Association(NBA) website states, “By acclamation(喝彩), Michael Jordan is the 2.________________(great) basketball player of all time.”
Jordan was one of the most 3.________________(effective) marketed athletes of his generation and 4.________________ (consider) helpful in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s.
After a three-season career at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5.________________ he was a member of the Tar Heels national championship team in 1982, Jordan joined the NBA's Chicago Bulls in 1984.He quickly grew as a league star, entertaining crowds 6.______________ his plentiful scoring.His leaping ability earned him the
nickname “Air Jordan”. He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive 7.________________(play) in basketball.In 1991, he won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a “three-peat”.Although Jordan suddenly retired from basketball at the beginning of the 1993-1994 NBA season to pursue a career in baseball, he rejoined the Bulls in 1995 and led them to three 8.________ ________(addition) championships (1996, 1997 and 1998)as
well as an NBA-record 72 regular-season wins in the 1995- 1996 NBA season.Jordan retired for 9._____________ second time in 1999, 10.______________ returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the Washington Wizards.
语篇导读:本文为记叙文,讲述了NBA历史上最伟大的篮球运动员Michael Jeffrey Jordan的职业生涯及伟大成就。
1.答案 known
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:Michael Jeffrey Jordan生于1963年2月17日——同时也以他的姓名简写M J而被人熟知——是前美国职业篮球运动员、企业家和夏洛特山猫队的主要拥有者和俱乐部主席。分析句型可知,此处要填非谓语动词,在句中作状语;空格所填单词know有动词短语be known by(因……而被熟知),去掉be动词即可作为非谓语动词。
2.答案 greatest
解析 考查比较等级。句意:NBA官网上他的自传中写到毋庸置疑 Michael Jordan是史上最伟大的篮球运动员。空格前有定冠词the,空格后有名词短语basketball player,故此处填形容词的最高级。
3.答案 effectively
解析 考查词性转换。句意:Jordan是那一代运动员中市场化最有成效的运动员,并且也被认为帮助了NBA在全球更受欢迎。空处作状语修饰形容词marketed,此处用副词。
4.答案 was considered
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空格前有并列连词and,括号内给的是动词,此处所填词应该和前面的谓语动词was并列,应用一般过去时;be considered被认为是……,为固定短语,故填was considered。
解析 考查介词。句意:他迅速成为了联盟之星,他疯狂的进球得分让观众十分开心。entertain sb with sth以……来娱乐(款待)某人,为固定搭配。
5.答案 where
解析 考查引导词。此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the University of North Carolina,在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where引导从句。
6.答案 with
解析 考查词性转换。句意:尽管Jordan在1993~1994赛季前突然宣布退役去追寻他的棒球梦,但是在1995年他又重新加入公牛队,并且带领球队获得连续三届NBA冠军以及1995~1996赛季72场连胜的纪录。根据空格前数词three和空格后名词championships,可知空格处要填形容词。
7.答案 players
解析 考查名词的数。此处考查固定短语结构one of the adj.最高级+名词复数(最……的之一)。
8.答案 additional
解析 考查并列连词。根据前后句意,此处应该表示转折:他于1999年再次退役,但是2001年和2003年再次出战为华盛顿奇才队打了两届。
9.答案 a
解析 考查冠词。“a/an+序数词”表示“再一次”,上文说到 Jordan 在1993~1994赛季前突然宣布退役,此次是又一次宣布退役。
10.答案 but
Ⅱ.写作运用 补全下面写作,注意动词的使用。
Dear Smith,
How are you doing? I'm writing 1.__________________ _______________________________________________ (邀请你参加我们将于6月1日在学校体育场举行的英语晚会), which is a good chance 2._________________________ (展现你的英语才能) and motivate students' interest in English learning.During the party you will have a feast of varieties of 3.________________________________________(我们自己
to invite you to our English party to be held on June 1st at the school stadium
准备的英语活动), including 4. _____________________(背英语诗歌)and singing famous English songs, which I think will surely give you a big surprise. Besides, I'd like to remind you that the party starts at 6:30 p.m. and ends at 8:00 p.m., so please come on time if it is convenient for you.Looking forward to 5.________________________________________ (与你分享聚会中的愉快时光)!
Yours,
Li Hua
$$