选择性必修第4册 课时达标(41) Unit 3(Word练习)-【状元桥】2026高考英语一轮总复习（人教版 新教材）

课时达标(四十一) UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION Ⅰ.阅读理解 The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing.This is problematic, as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack.While we know that some species seem to eat plastic because it looks like jellyfish or some other food sources, less research has been carried out into what plastic smells like to marine animals. But now, a study from the University of North Carolina has found that the coating of algae that naturally builds up on ocean plastics causes the rubbish to give off the scent of food. The researchers took 15 loggerhead turtles, each around five months old, and placed them in a laboratory tank.They then piped in clean water, clean plastic, turtle food, and plastic that had been immersed in the marine environment for five weeks. The turtles showed no reaction to the smell of clean water or clean plastic.But when they were exposed to the smell of ocean-soaked plastic or turtle food, they exhibited food-seeking behaviors like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities. “This finding is the first demonstration that the smell of ocean plastics causes animals to eat them，” said Dr.Kenneth J．Lohmann, who took part in the study. “It's common to find loggerhead turtles with their digestive systems fully or partially blocked because they've eaten plastic materials.There are also increasing reports of sea turtles that have become ill and stranded on the beach due to their ingestion of plastic.” According to the researchers, areas of the ocean with dense concentrations of plastic may trick turtles and other animals into thinking that there is an abundant food source. “Once these plastics are in the ocean, we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food.” said Lohmann. 语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——环境保护 语篇导读：海洋塑料垃圾因气味被海洋生物误以为是食物而食用，这极大地危害了海洋生物的生存。但是，目前人类没有好的办法可以解决海洋生物误食塑料的问题，这就需要我们尽可能阻止塑料垃圾进入海洋。 (　　)1.Why is plastic pollution posing a threat to marine animals? A．It may eat up all jellyfish.　　 　 B．It may mislead them as food. C．It may kill them with its smell. D．It may trap 700 species of sea animals. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，塑料污染给海洋动物带来的最大的威胁在于很多海洋生物会把塑料垃圾误当作食物，故选B项。 (　　)2.What may attract the loggerhead turtles in the laboratory tank to search for food? A．Sea water.　 B．Clear water.　 C．Brand-new plastic.　 D．Sea-soaked plastic. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，实验显示最吸引海龟觅食的是浸泡过海水的塑料或龟粮，故选D项。 (　　)3.What can be inferred from Lohmann's words in the last paragraph? A．Turtles should be trained to be more intelligent. B．Plastics should be kept from getting into the ocean. C．An abundant food source should be offered to sea animals. D．Researchers should come up with a solution to the current problem. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Lohmann 所说的话可知，一旦塑料垃圾进入海洋，我们就没有办法去除它们或阻止它们闻起来像食物。据此推断，塑料垃圾应被阻止进入海洋，故选B项。 (　　)4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Ways Found to Remove Plastics B．Loggerhead Turtles Faced with Food Shortage C．Ocean Plastics—Trick or Treat? D．Plastic Pollution—Compromise or Control? 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。本文介绍了海洋塑料垃圾散发出来的气味让海洋生物误以为它是食物而食用，从而对海洋生物的生存造成极大的伤害的现状，故选C项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 “Preparation is vital to surviving natural disasters.” says Thomas M．Kostigen, the author of a new book called the Extreme Weather Survival Guide.We asked him about his new book. J: In your book, you write that when it comes to weather, “abnormal is the new normal.” 1. ? T: We're seeing storms like we've never seen before in terms of intensity and frequency.Storms that occurred maybe every hundred years are now occurring every three years.That's the new normal we're living in. J: Do you think most people are prepared for extreme weather events? T: No.I think most people are aware of the weather.We talk about it even when there is nothing else to talk about. 2. .They usually don't think about that until the storm arrives, and then they get panic and wonder what to do. J: What are the most important steps people should take to increase their preparation? T: In any situation, there are three things that you need to do.First, get informed on what's happening around you.3. .Then, ride out any event that is bearing down on you and stay smart during recovery. J: How should people decide if they should shelter in place or withdraw? T: 4. .The typical choice is to stay in place unless you have enough time to get away.For some events, if you are prepared and have an escape route, you should know well in advance to get out of there. J: Was there any survival advice that surprised you? T: One of the really interesting ones is not to take shelter under an overpass during a tornado.5. .Thus, they don't provide much protection.But in a lighting storm, it's advisable to seek shelter in a building. A．That depends on the event B．Can you explain what you mean C．Winds can increase speed under them D．Next, have a plan and an emergency kit ready E．But then people don't take the next step to get prepared F．What role has climate change played in extreme weather G．Extreme weather events have become more frequent in recent years 语篇类型：采访稿　主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范 语篇导读：Thomas M．Kostigen写了一部新书《极端天气幸存指南》，本文作者对他进行了采访。 1．答案　B 解析　顺承关系。空前一句讲到：在你的书中，你写到当说到天气时，不正常就是新的正常，由此可知，空处应该接着说这是什么意思，故选B项。 2．答案　E 解析　转折关系。根据上下文可知，人们平时根本就没有做好准备，只是口头谈论，故选E项。 3．答案　D 解析　次序关系。空前一句讲到：首先，告知你周围的人发生了什么，由此可知，空处应该是第二点，故选D项(其次，要有计划和紧急装备)。 4．答案　A 解析　解释关系。问题是人们如何来决定找地方躲避还是退回来，由此可知，空处的答语应该是具体情况具体分析，故选A项。 5．答案　C 解析　因果关系。上一句讲到其中最有趣的事情之一是不要在飓风袭击时在天桥下避风，由此可知，空处将会解释原因，故选C项(在天桥下风会加速)。 Ⅲ.完形填空 The other day a big, ugly, black bat found its way to my bathroom.I am what is known as “the man of the house”， so it was my 　1　, in fact my manly duty to rid the house of the 　2　 creature. Being a man does not 　3　 the fact that I am extremely 　4　 of bats.All men, I think, sometimes have had that feeling of being 　5　 in some male role.Sometimes it is something as simple as having to 　6　 that you know something about car engines when the car won't start.But sometimes the trap is a(n) 　7　 one.Many men prefer to be something different from what society 　8　 men should be.What these men want is the 　9　 to be what they want to be. As I came towards the frightening bat, I 　10　 what would happen if I had simply told my wife that I wouldn't do it.But I couldn't do that! I 　11　 opened the window, carefully lifted a broom and swept the bat out of the 　12　. My wife was 　13　 and my son thought I was a 　14　.They asked me how I had got rid of the bat.I started to tell them—but then 　15　.A man doesn't talk of such things. (　　)1. A．action B．job C．character D．decision (　　)2.A．awful B．lovely C．magical D．intelligent (　　)3.A．determine B．prove C．explain D．change (　　)4.A．afraid B．fond C．tired D．ashamed (　　)5.A．interested B．trapped C．involved D．absorbed (　　)6.A．admit B．expect C．pretend D．confirm (　　)7.A．difficult B．accessible C．small D．visible (　　)8.A．forbids B．thinks C．predicts D．refuses (　　)9.A．anxiety B．promise C．freedom D．talent (　　)10.A．concluded B．revealed C．doubted D．wondered (　　)11.A．eagerly B．accidentally C．slowly D．violently (　　)12.A．car B．engine C．door D．window (　　)13.A．pleased B．shocked C．embarrassed D．amused (　　)14.A．friend B．master C．champion D．hero (　　)15.A．escaped B．stopped C．continued D．forgot 语篇类型：夹叙夹议文　主题语境：人与自我——个人经历 语篇导读：作者家里闯进来了一只蝙蝠，实际上，作者很害怕蝙蝠。但是作为家人眼中的男人，作者不得不克服恐惧把那只蝙蝠赶出去。 1．答案　B 解析　空前讲述作者家中闯入了一只蝙蝠，作者认为自己是家人眼中的男人，故此处应是赶走蝙蝠是作者的职责(job)。 2．答案　A 解析　根据第10空前的frightening可知，此处是赶走这个可怕的生物。awful可怕的，很坏的。 3．答案　D 解析　根据第三段尤其是frightening以及But I couldn't do that和carefully可推知，作者实际上很害怕蝙蝠。他的男人身份也不能改变(change)他很害怕(afraid)蝙蝠的事实。 4．答案　A 解析　参见上题解析。 5．答案　B 解析　根据第7空前的the trap可知，此处表达的是作者认为，有时所有的男性都有那种被迫扮演某个男人角色的感觉。trap被陷入困境的，被卡住的。 6．答案　C 解析　有时需要被迫扮演男人角色的事情很简单，如汽车发动机不启动的时候不得不假装(pretend)了解发动机。 7．答案　A 解析　根据But可知，此处应与上文中的simple相反。此处表达的是，需要被迫扮演男人角色的事有时却是一件很难的(difficult)事。 8．答案　B 解析　许多男人喜欢成为与社会认为男人应该成为的样子不同的人。 9．答案　C 解析　此处表达的是这些人想要的是成为他们想成为的人的自由(freedom)。 10．答案　D 解析　当作者走向吓人的蝙蝠时，作者想知道(wonder)，如果告诉自己的妻子自己不做那件事(赶走蝙蝠)，会发生什么。conclude得出结论；reveal揭示，透露；doubt不能肯定。 11．答案　C 解析　作者害怕蝙蝠，故此处作者应慢慢地(slowly)打开窗户。 12．答案　D 解析　此处表示把蝙蝠赶出窗外。 13．答案　A 解析　作者把蝙蝠赶了出去，妻子应该很高兴(pleased)。shocked震惊的；embarrassed尴尬的；amused逗乐的，觉得好笑的。 14．答案　D 解析　作者赶走了蝙蝠，在儿子的眼中应该被认为是一个英雄(hero)。 15．答案　B 解析　根据but可知，作者一开始想告诉他们，但是话到嘴边立刻停止了。 Ⅳ.语法填空 1． (see) from outer space, the Earth is a blue planet, due to the fact that the ocean covers over 70 percent of its surface.According to a new study published in the journal Science, the ocean plays a great role in 2. (slow) down global warming.3. The New York Times reported, it is “4. important buffer(缓冲物)”． The oceans can absorb 93 percent of the heat trapped by the greenhouse gases which humans release into the atmosphere.And the other 7 percent 5. (absorb) by the air, land and ice caps, according to an 6. (analyse)． “If the ocean wasn't absorbing as much heat, the surface of the land would heat up much 7. (fast) than it is right now，” said professor Malin L．Pinsky at Rutgers University in the US.“In fact, the ocean is saving us from rapid warming right now.” However, the ocean itself, as Discover magazine noted, is heating up 40 percent faster on average than the United Nations 8. (believe) five years ago.That means if the ocean temperatures increase 9. this speed, the high water temperatures “will kill off marine ecosystems, raise sea levels and make 10. (hurricane) more destructive(破坏性的)”， The Guardian reported. 语篇类型：新闻报道　主题语境：人与自然——环境保护 语篇导读：海洋在减缓全球变暖中起着重要作用，但海洋本身过快的平均升温速度将会带来一些破坏性的影响。 1．答案　Seen　 解析 考查非谓语动词。句子主语the Earth与see之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。位于句首的单词首字母需大写。 2．答案　slowing　 解析 考查非谓语动词。in为介词，后接动词作宾语，应用动名词形式。 3．答案　As　 解析 考查引导词。本句为as引导的非限制性定语从句。as意为“正如”，指代后面的整个句子，作reported的宾语。位于句首的单词首字母需大写。 4．答案　an　 解析 考查冠词。buffer为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且important的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an修饰。 5．答案　is absorbed　 解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语为the other 7 percent，指的是不可数名词heat，谓语用单数形式，且主谓之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态，故填is absorbed。 6．答案　analysis　 解析 考查词性转换。空前有冠词an修饰，指“一项分析”，故用名词analysis。 7．答案　faster　 解析 考查比较等级。根据than可知，空处填比较级faster。 8．答案　believed　 解析 考查时态。根据five years ago可知，than后面的句子为一般过去时。 9．答案　at　 解析 考查介词。at this speed以这个速度。 10．答案　hurricanes　 解析 考查名词的数。飓风发生不止一次，需用复数形式hurricanes。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$