专题02 选择性必修第四册Unit1～Unit3单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高二英语下学期人教版

专题02 选择性必修第四册Unit1~Unit3单元词汇短语句型梳理 选择性必修四Unit1 Science Fiction 1、 核心单词 ●核心必背（高考高频） 1. fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ n. 小说；虚构（事） 拓展：fictional adj. 虚构的；science fiction 科幻小说 2. ridiculous /rɪˈdɪkjələs/ adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 3. integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 诚实正直；完整 4. dignity /ˈdɪɡnəti/ n. 尊严；庄重 5. salary /ˈsæləri/ n. 薪水；薪金 6. appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 预约；约会；任命 拓展：appoint v. 任命；委派 7. guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ adj. 内疚的；有罪的 8. dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ vt. 解雇；解散；驳回 9. superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/ adj. 优越的；高级的 n. 上级 搭配：superior to 优于 10. labour /ˈleɪbə(r)/ n. 劳动；劳工 vi. 努力工作 11. pace /peɪs/ n. 速度；步伐；节奏 v. 踱步 12. maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ adj./n. 最大（的）；最大限度 13. random /ˈrændəm/ adj. 随机的；任意的 14. declare /dɪˈkleə(r)/ vt. 宣布；声明；表明 15. calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ vt. 计算；预测；估算 16. bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n. 奖金；红利；意外收获 17. absurd /əbˈsɜːd/ adj. 荒唐的；荒谬的 18. suspend /səˈspend/ vt. 暂停；悬挂；暂缓 19. fetch /fetʃ/ vt. （去）拿来；请来 20. backwards /ˈbækwədz/ adv. 向后；倒着 二、单词拓展 1. fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ n. 小说；虚构 - fictional adj. 虚构的；小说的 - science fiction 科幻小说 2. ridiculous /rɪˈdɪkjələs/ adj. 荒唐可笑的 - ridiculously adv. 可笑地；离谱地 - ridiculous idea 荒唐的想法 3. integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 正直；诚信；完整 - personal integrity 个人品德 4. dignity /ˈdɪɡnəti/ n. 尊严；庄重 - dignified adj. 庄重的；有尊严的 - lose dignity 失去尊严 5. salary /ˈsæləri/ n. 薪水，薪资 - monthly salary 月薪 6. appoint /əˈpɔɪnt/ v. 任命；委派；预约 - appointment n. 预约；任命 - appoint sb as… 任命某人为…… - make an appointment 预约 7. guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ adj. 内疚的；有罪的 - guilt n. 内疚；罪责 - feel guilty about 对……感到愧疚 8. dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ v. 解雇；解散；不予考虑 - dismiss from job 解雇 - dismiss an idea 摒弃想法 9. superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/ adj. 优越的；上级的 - superiority n. 优越感；优势 - superior to 比……更好/高级 10. labour /ˈleɪbə(r)/ n. & v. 劳动；苦干 - laborious adj. 费力的；辛苦的 - labour force 劳动力 11. pace /peɪs/ n. 步伐；速度 v. 踱步 - keep pace with 跟上……节奏 - pace up and down 来回踱步 12. maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ n.&adj. 最大限度；最大的 - minimum n.&adj. 最小值；最小的（反义词） 13. random /ˈrændəm/ adj. 随机的，任意的 - randomly adv. 随意地 - at random 随机地 14. declare /dɪˈkleə(r)/ v. 宣布；声明 - declaration n. 宣言；声明 - declare war 宣战 15. calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ v. 计算；预估 - calculation n. 计算 - calculator n. 计算器 16. absurd /əbˈsɜːd/ adj. 荒谬的 - absurdity n. 荒唐，荒谬 17. fetch /fetʃ/ v. 去取来；接来 - fetch water 打水 18. conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突 /kənˈflɪkt/ v. 抵触 - conflict with 与……冲突 - in conflict 有矛盾 ●词性转换填空 1. fiction (n. 小说；虚构) → ________ (adj. 虚构的) 2. ridiculous (adj. 荒唐可笑的) → ________ (adv. 可笑地；离谱地) 3. appoint (v. 任命；预约) → ________ (n. 任命；约会) 4. guilty (adj. 内疚的；有罪的) → ________ (n. 内疚；罪责) 5. superior (adj. 优越的) → ________ (n. 优势；优越感) 6. labour (n./v. 劳动) → ________ (adj. 费力的；辛苦的) 7. random (adj. 随机的) → ________ (adv. 随意地) 8. declare (v. 宣布；声明) → ________ (n. 宣言；声明) 9. calculate (v. 计算；预估) → ________ (n. 计算) → ________ (n. 计算器) 10. absurd (adj. 荒谬的) → ________ (n. 荒唐；荒谬) ●参考答案 词性转换 1. fictional 2. ridiculously 3. appointment 4. guilt 5. superiority 6. laborious 7. randomly 8. declaration 9. calculation；calculator 10. absurdity 三、单元短语 1. feel guilty about 对……感到内疚 2. appoint sb as… 任命某人为…… 3. make an appointment 预约；赴约 4. dismiss sb from… 把某人从……解雇 5. superior to 优于；级别高于 6. keep pace with 跟上……步伐/节奏 7. pace up and down 来回踱步 8. fetch sth for sb 为某人取来某物 9. suspend doing sth 暂停做某事 10. at random 随意地；随机地 11. conflict with 与……相抵触、冲突 12. maximum limit 最大限度 13. declare against 声明反对 14. science fiction 科幻小说 15. labour force 劳动力 五、单元佳句 Today's science fiction is tomorrow's science fact. 今日科幻，明日现实。——艾萨克·阿西莫夫 1. He seemed more like a human than a machine. 他与其说是台机器，不如说更像真人。（more...than... 与其说……倒不如说……） 2. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot. 克莱尔觉得被机器人同情很荒谬。（it作形式主语+被动） 3. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 她一转身，格拉迪丝就站在那儿。（完全倒装） 4. It was at ten o'clock today that the first Time Machine began its career. 正是今日十点，首台时光机启动。（强调句） 5. The whole surface of the earth was being changed, melting and flowing before my eyes. 地球表面剧变，在我眼前消融流动。（被动+现在分词作状语） 6. True dignity lies not in power, but in kindness and integrity. 真正的尊严不在于权力，而在于善良与正直。 7. We should keep pace with technological progress while holding fast to our moral values. 我们应跟上科技脚步，同时坚守道德准则。 8. It is random encounters that make life full of surprises and possibilities. 正是随机的遇见，让人生充满惊喜与可能。 六、单元语法 ●核心语法：过去分词 核心含义：表被动、完成，可充当定语、表语、宾语补足语 ◆过去分词作定语 1. 用法规则 - 单个过去分词：放名词前面 - 过去分词短语：放名词后面 - 语义：被……的；已经……的 2. 例句 - a broken machine 一台破损的机器 - the respected scientist 受人敬重的科学家 - the problem discussed at the meeting 会上讨论过的问题 3. 易错区分 - developing country 发展中国家（主动、进行） - developed country 发达国家（被动、完成） ◆过去分词作表语 1. 用法规则 跟在be动词后，描述主语的状态、感受，无动作意味 2. 常用搭配 - be surprised 感到惊讶 - be satisfied 感到满意 - be devoted 专注于；奉献 - be absorbed in 全神贯注于 - be frightened 感到害怕 3. 句式示例 The robot is well designed. 这个机器人设计精良。 She was moved by the story. 她被这个故事打动了。 易混辨析 - exciting 令人兴奋的（修饰事物） - excited 感到兴奋的（修饰人） ◆过去分词作宾语补足语 1. 常用谓语动词 find, see, hear, have, get, make, keep, leave 2. 经典句型 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 过去分词 表示宾语被别人施加动作 3. 典型例句 I had my car repaired. 我找人修理了汽车。 We found the window closed. 我们发现窗户关着。 He got his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天剪了头发。 ◆过去分词基础考点对比 doing 表示“主动、进行”，主语主动发出动作。 done 表示“被动、完成”，主语承受动作。 例句对比 - falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 - fallen leaves 已经落地的落叶 ●语法填空实战小练习 用所给词适当形式填空 1. The ________ (break) robot can not work normally. 2. He felt ________ (satisfy) with the result. 3. I will have my bike ________ (fix) this afternoon. 4. ________ (use) widely, this technology changes people’s life. 参考答案 1. broken 2. satisfied 3. fixed 4. Used 七、单元写作 写作主题 科幻故事/机器人相关记叙文、科技与人议论文 常考题型：故事续写、介绍科幻作品、谈论人工智能利弊 词数要求：80词左右 ●通用三段式写作框架 1. 开头 交代背景、人物、事物，引出机器人/科幻情节 2. 中间 描述事件发展、人物互动、心理变化、行为表现 3. 结尾 抒发感悟，探讨科技与人性、尊严、情感的关系 ●分类万能句式 ◆开篇引入 1. I recently read a science fiction story about a smart robot. 我近期读了一则关于智能机器人的科幻故事。 2. With the development of technology, robots have stepped into people’s daily life. 随着科技发展，机器人走入了人们的日常生活。 3. The story tells us a special experience between humans and machines. 这个故事讲述了人与机器之间的特殊经历。 ◆情节描写 1. The robot could think independently and even understand human feelings. 这个机器人能够独立思考，甚至读懂人类情感。 2. Gradually, the host began to trust and respect the robot. 渐渐地，主人开始信任并尊重这名机器人。 3. Some actions of the robot made people feel surprised and moved. 机器人的种种举动让人既惊讶又感动。 ◆观点感悟结尾 1. Advanced technology brings convenience, yet it can never replace true human emotion. 先进科技带来便利，却永远无法取代真挚的人类情感。 2. No matter how intelligent machines are, dignity and kindness belong only to humans. 无论机器多么智能，尊严与善意独属于人类。 3. We should treat artificial intelligence properly and stick to our inner integrity. 我们应理性看待人工智能，坚守内心的正直本心。 ●高频写作加分词汇&短语 science fiction 科幻小说 artificial intelligence 人工智能 independent thinking 独立思考 sense of dignity 尊严感 inner feelings 内心情感 replace human beings 取代人类 keep pace with technology 跟上科技发展 personal integrity 个人品行 ●经典范文模板 范文1 故事读后感 Technology and Humanity I have read a fantastic science fiction story. It describes a robot named Tony living with a human lady. Tony looked like a real person. He could do housework well, offer comfort and even have his own thoughts. At first, the lady felt doubtful and awkward staying with a machine. As time went by, she admired Tony’s wisdom and good qualities, and slowly built trust with him. The story makes me realize that technology is powerful. However, true love, dignity and sincere feelings can never be created by machines. We should value humanity while enjoying the convenience brought by science. 范文2 观点类作文：人工智能的思考 Nowadays, intelligent robots play an important role in our life. They can finish dangerous work and serve people around the clock. Some people worry that highly developed robots will take the place of humans one day. In my opinion, machines are designed to serve people. They lack real feelings and moral judgment. No matter how smart they become, they cannot own dignity and integrity. We need to keep pace with technological progress. Meanwhile, we must hold fast to human nature and treat new technology in a reasonable way. ●写作避坑要点 1. 时态统一 叙事类多用一般过去时；观点议论多用一般现在时 2. 固定搭配勿出错 superior to 优于；feel guilty about 愧疚；conflict with 冲突 3. 紧扣主题 围绕科技便利、机器局限、人性珍贵展开，不偏离主旨 4. 善用连接词 besides, gradually, however, in my opinion, as a result  ●仿写空白模板 Nowadays, ______________ plays an important part in our daily life. It can ______________. People hold different opinions about it. Some people think ______________. Others worry that ______________. From my point of view, ______________. Technology cannot replace ______________. We should ______________. 八、单句语法填空 ●过去分词专项（单元核心语法，高考高频） 1. The ____ (break) robot failed to carry out orders normally. 考点：过去分词作定语 答案：broken 解析：broken 破损的，表被动完成 2. ____ (see) from the window, the high-tech device looks amazing. 考点：过去分词作状语，逻辑主语一致 答案：Seen 解析：设备是“被看见”，用过去分词 3. I found my room ____ (clean) when I came back home. 考点：过去分词作宾语补足语 答案：cleaned 解析：房间被打扫，表被动状态 4. The girl felt ____ (move) by the robot’s kind behaviour. 考点：过去分词作表语，修饰人感受 答案：moved 5. He had his new machine ____ (check) yesterday afternoon. 考点：have sth done 请人做某事 答案：checked ●词性转换（高考必考词形变化） 6. We all admire his ____ (integrate) and wisdom. 答案：integrity 解析：形容词变名词，正直、诚信 7. She felt ____ (guilt) about her rude words just now. 答案：guilty 解析：名词变形容词，内疚的 8. The official made an ____ (appoint) to meet the scientist. 答案：appointment 解析：动词appoint→名词预约、任命 9. It is a ridiculous ____ (absurd) in the story. 答案：absurdity 解析：形容词变名词，荒唐之事 10. They made an exact ____ (calculate) before design. 答案：calculation 解析：动词计算→名词计算结果 ●固定搭配&介词填空 11. This new model is superior ____ the old one in function. 考点：superior to 优于 答案：to 12. We must keep pace ____ the rapid development of science. 考点：keep pace with 跟上节奏 答案：with 13. His idea is ____ conflict with common rules. 考点：in conflict with 与……冲突 答案：in 14. Don’t feel guilty ____ your choice. 考点：feel guilty about 对……愧疚 答案：about 15. The manager dismissed him ____ the company for mistake. 考点：dismiss sb from 解雇某人 答案：from ●时态、语态、连词填空 16. It ____ (believe) that robots will change our future life. 考点：被动语态 答案：is believed 17. The machine ____ (suspend) because of serious fault last week. 考点：一般过去时被动 答案：was suspended 18. There is no doubt ____ technology brings us great convenience. 考点：同位语从句连词 答案：that 19. He behaved ____ if he were a real human being. 考点：虚拟语气 as if 仿佛 答案：as 20. It was in this lab ____ they invented the time machine. 考点：强调句型 it was…that 答案：that 选择性必修四Unit2 Iconic Attractions 1、 核心单词 1. attraction /əˈtrækʃn/ n. 向往之地；景点；吸引力 2. iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk/ adj. 标志性的；经典的 3. civilisation /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 文明；文化 4. dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n. 朝代；王朝 5. monument /ˈmɒnjumənt/ n. 历史遗迹；纪念碑 6. heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n. 遗产；传统 7. territory /ˈterətri/ n. 领土；地盘；地域 8. custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n. 风俗；习俗 adj. 定制的 9. preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ v. 保护；保存；维护 10. decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/ v. 装饰；装潢 11. resemble /rɪˈzembl/ v. 看起来像；类似 12. wander /ˈwɒndə(r)/ v. 漫步；闲逛；走神 13. classify /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/ v. 分类；划分 14. demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ v. 展示；证明；演示 15. border /ˈbɔːdə(r)/ n. 边界；国界 v. 毗邻 16. architect /ˈɑːkɪtekt/ n. 建筑师 17. architecture /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/ n. 建筑风格；建筑学 18. carve /kɑːv/ v. 雕刻；刻下 19. craft /krɑːft/ n. 手艺；工艺；船 v. 精心制作 20. origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源；出身 ●词性转换 1. attract (v.) → attraction (n.) → attractive (adj.) 吸引人的 2. civil (adj.) → civilisation (n.) 文明 3. preserve (v.) → preservation (n.) 保护；保存 4. decorate (v.) → decoration (n.) 装饰；装饰品 5. origin (n.) → original (adj.) 原始的；最初的 6. resemble (v.) → resemblance (n.) 相似；相像 7. classify (v.) → classification (n.) 分类；类别 ●单词默写 1. iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk/ adj. _______________ 2. icon /ˈaɪkɒn/ n. _______________ 3. foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/ n. _______________ 4. found /faʊnd/ vt. _______________ 5. founder /ˈfaʊndə(r)/ n. _______________ 6. political /pəˈlɪtɪkl/ adj. _______________ 7. politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ n. _______________ 8. politician /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ n. _______________ 9. located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/ adj. _______________ 10. locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/ vt. _______________ 11. location /ləʊˈkeɪʃn/ n. _______________ 12. joint /dʒɔɪnt/ n._______ adj._______ 13. entitle /ɪnˈtaɪtl/ vt. _______________ 14. entitled /ɪnˈtaɪtld/ adj. _______________ 15. sponsor /ˈspɒnsə(r)/ vt._______ n._______ 16. temporary /ˈtemprəri/ adj. _______________ 17. frequency /ˈfriːkwənsi/ n. _______________ 18. frequent /ˈfriːkwənt/ adj. _______________ 19. violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ adj. _______________ 20. violence /ˈvaɪələns/ n. _______________ ●单词默写参考答案 1. 标志性的；图标的 2. 偶像；图标 3. 基础；创建；地基 4. 创立；建立 5. 创始人 6. 政治的 7. 政治 8. 政治家；政客 9. 位于 10. 坐落于；定位 11. 位置；地点 12. 关节；公共场所；联合的 13. 命名；使拥有权利 14. 有资格的 15. 赞助；主办；赞助商 16. 暂时的；临时的 17. 频率；发生率 18. 频繁的 19. 猛烈的；暴力的 20. 暴力 二、单词拓展 1. iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk/ adj. 符号的；图标的；标志性的 - 拓展：icon n. 图标；偶像；iconically adv. 标志性地 2. foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/ n. 创建；基础；地基 - 拓展：found vt. 创立；建立；创办；founder n. 创始人；奠基人 3. political /pəˈlɪtɪkl/ adj. 政治的 - 拓展：politics n. 政治；politician n. 政治家；政客 4. located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/ adj. 位于 - 拓展：locate vt. 定位；使坐落于；location n. 位置；地点 5. joint /dʒɔɪnt/ n. 公共场所；关节 adj. 联合的；共同的 - 搭配：joint venture 合资企业；out of joint 脱臼 6. entitle /ɪnˈtaɪtl/ vt. 给……命名；使享有权利 - 拓展：entitled adj. 有资格的；entitlement n. 权利；资格 - 搭配：be entitled to do 有权做…… 7. sponsor /ˈspɒnsə(r)/ vt. 倡议；赞助；主办 n. 赞助者；倡议者 - 拓展：sponsorship n. 赞助；资助 8. temporary /ˈtemprəri/ adj. 暂时的；短暂的 - 拓展：temporarily adv. 暂时地；临时地 9. frequency /ˈfriːkwənsi/ n. 发生率；频率 - 拓展：frequent adj. 频繁的；frequently adv. 频繁地 10. violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ adj. 暴力的；猛烈的 - 拓展：violence n. 暴力；暴行；violently adv. 猛烈地 三、单元短语 1. refer to...as... 把……称作…… 2. be referred to as 被称为…… 3. major in 主修（专业） 4. be native to 原产于；源于…… 5. In contact with 与……联系/接触 6. make up 组成；构成；编造；弥补 7. a flock of 一群（羊/鸟） 8. a handful of 少数；一把 9. can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事 10. feel at home 宾至如归；自在 11. be famous/known for 以……闻名 12. be regarded as 被视为/看作 13. be home to 是……的家园/发源地 14. date back to 追溯到 15. pay a visit to 参观；拜访 16. lead to 导致；通向 17. play a part in 在……起作用 18. pick up 捡起；学会；接收 19. come across 偶然遇见；发现 20. on the other hand 另一方面 21. be characterized by 以……为特征 22. be rich in 富含；盛产 23. serve as 充当；作为 24. make an impression on 给……留下印象 25. a minority of 少数 ●短语默写版 ◆核心高频 1. 把……称作…… ____________________ 2. 被称为…… ____________________ 3. 主修（专业） ____________________ 4. 原产于；源于…… ____________________ 5. 与……联系/接触 ____________________ 6. 组成；构成；编造；弥补 ____________________ 7. 一群（羊、鸟等） ____________________ 8. 少数；一把 ____________________ 9. 迫不及待做某事 ____________________ 10. 宾至如归；自在 ____________________ ◆中频常考 1. 以……闻名 ____________________ 2. 被视为；被看作 ____________________ 3. 是……的家园/发源地 ____________________ 4. 追溯到 ____________________ 5. 参观；拜访 ____________________ 6. 导致；通向 ____________________ 7. 在……中起作用 ____________________ 8. 捡起；学会；接收 ____________________ 9. 偶然遇见；发现 ____________________ 10. 另一方面 ____________________ ◆易混&拓展 1. 以……为特征 ____________________ 2. 富含；盛产 ____________________ 3. 富有历史底蕴 ____________________ 4. 充当；作为 ____________________ 5. 给……留下印象 ____________________ 6. 对……做研究 ____________________ 7. 少数 ____________________ 8. 旺季 ____________________ ●参考答案 ◆核心高频 1. refer to...as... 2. be referred to as 3. major in 4. be native to 5. in contact with 6. make up 7. a flock of 8. a handful of 9. can’t wait to do 10. feel at home ◆中频常考 1. be famous/known for 2. be regarded as 3. be home to 4. date back to 5. pay a visit to 6. lead to 7. play a part in 8. pick up 9. come across 10. on the other hand ◆易混&拓展 1. be characterized by 2. be rich in 3. be steeped in history 4. serve as 5. make an impression on 6. do some research on 7. a minority of 8. peak season 四、单元佳句 ●写作高分佳句（仿写·景点/文化类） 1. Located on the east coast of Australia, Sydney is one of the world’s most iconic cities. 坐落于澳大利亚东海岸，悉尼是世界最具标志性城市之一。（景点介绍万能句） 2. The Sydney Opera House, a premier landmark of Australia, is known for its unique and elegant design. 悉尼歌剧院是澳大利亚顶级地标，以独特优雅的设计闻名。（be known for） 3. A visit to Australia is not complete without experiencing its stunning natural landscapes and rich cultural diversity. 不体验壮丽自然与多元文化，澳大利亚之旅便不完整。（双重否定） 4. Koalas, native to Australia, are regarded as one of the country’s most precious treasures. 考拉原产于澳大利亚，被视为该国最珍贵的瑰宝之一。（be native to） 5. With a history of over 200 years, Australia has developed a unique culture mixing Western traditions and immigrant influences. 历经200多年，澳大利亚形成了融合西方传统与移民影响的独特文化。（with复合结构） ●写作高分佳句（仿写专用） ◆英译汉 1. Located on the east coast of Australia, Sydney is one of the world’s most iconic cities. 2. The Sydney Opera House, a premier landmark of Australia, is known for its unique and elegant design. 3. A visit to Australia is not complete without experiencing its stunning natural landscapes and rich cultural diversity. 4. Koalas, native to Australia, are regarded as one of the country’s most precious treasures. 5. With a history of over 200 years, Australia has developed a unique culture mixing Western traditions and immigrant influences. ●参考答案 ◆英译汉答案 1. 悉尼坐落于澳大利亚东海岸，是世界上最具标志性的城市之一。 2. 悉尼歌剧院是澳大利亚的顶级地标，以其独特雅致的设计闻名。 3. 若没有领略壮丽的自然风光与丰富的多元文化，这场澳大利亚之旅便算不上圆满。 4. 考拉原产于澳大利亚，被视作这个国家最珍贵的瑰宝之一。 5. 历经两百余年，澳大利亚孕育出融合西方传统与移民特色的独特文化。 五、单元语法 ●核心语法：定语从句 （一）基础概念 在复合句中，修饰名词/代词的从句叫定语从句；被修饰的词叫先行词，连接主句和从句的词叫关系词。 关系词分为：关系代词 + 关系副词 （二）关系代词（that / which / who / whom / whose） 在从句中可作主语、宾语、定语 1. that - 指代人/物，限制性定语从句中可作主、宾 - 作宾语时可省略 例：It is a country that has diverse cultures.（物，作主语） 例：The people (that) we met are friendly.（人，作宾语，可省） 2. which - 只指代物，可作主、宾 - 非限制性定语从句只能用which，不能用that 例：The barbecue, which is popular here, tastes great.（非限制性，指代事物） 3. who / whom - who：指代人，作主语 - whom：指代人，作宾语（口语中常用who替代） 例：Anyone who visits Australia will love it.（人，作主语） 4. whose - 表所属关系，意为“……的”，可指人/物，作定语 例：This is the animal whose home is in the forest. ✅ 只用that，不用which的情况（高频考点） 1. 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something 等不定代词 2. 先行词被 最高级、序数词 修饰 3. 先行词被 the only, the very 等修饰 4. 先行词同时包含人+物 ✅ 只用which，不用that的情况 1. 介词后（介词 + which） 例：the house in which we live 2. 非限制性定语从句 （三）关系副词（where / when / why） 在从句中作状语，从句主干成分完整（不缺主/宾） 1. where - 先行词表地点，从句缺地点状语 含义：在……地方 例：Australia is a country where different cultures mix. 2. when - 先行词表时间，从句缺时间状语 含义：在……时候 例：I still remember the day when I arrived here. 3. why - 先行词通常只有 reason，从句缺原因状语 含义：……的原因 例：I don’t know the reason why he left. 辨析：判断用关系代词还是关系副词 把先行词代入从句，能作主/宾 → 用代词；只能作状语 → 用副词。 （四）非限制性定语从句 1. 形式：从句与主句之间用逗号隔开，去掉后主句意思依然完整 2. 功能：补充说明，不限制先行词 3. 规则： - 不能用that；不能省略关系词 - which 可指代前面整句话（本单元超级高频） 例：He loves local food, which makes him stay longer.（which指代整件事） ●单元拓展语法（填空必考搭配） 1. 分词作定语（课文高频句式） （1）过去分词作定语 表被动、状态，固定结构 be located in/on/to（坐落于） 例：Australia, located south of the equator, is beautiful. 拓展：be characterized by（以……为特征），分词形式 characterized 例：The land, characterized by special animals, attracts tourists. （2）现在分词作定语/状语 表主动、进行 例：There are many animals living in the forest.（定语） 例：The city is beautiful, attracting lots of visitors.（状语） 2. 现在完成时 标志词：since, in recent years, for decades 结构：have/has + 过去分词 例：Since I came here, I have experienced many new things. ●易错点总结（避坑） 1. 看到逗号隔开的定语从句，优先考虑 which/who，绝对不用that 2. 先行词是地点名词，从句缺主语/宾语 → 用that/which；缺状语 → 用where 错：This is the place where we visited. 对：This is the place that/which we visited.（visit缺宾语） 3.  be worth doing  主动形式表被动含义，不用to do 4.  can’t wait to do / enjoy doing  固定非谓语搭配，牢记形式 ●即时小练习（5道基础题） 用合适的关系词填空 1. This is the park ______ attracts thousands of tourists. 2. Australia is a country ______ many animals live freely. 3. He told a story, ______ made us laugh. 4. The girl ______ you met just now is a guide. 5. I don’t know the reason ______ he likes this place. 答案 1. that/which 2. where 3. which 4. who/whom/that 5. why 六、单元写作 写作主题：介绍景点/特色国家/地域风情（游记、景点介绍、文化风物类） 文体：说明文、书信（游记分享），高考高频应用文+书面表达 ●写作必备素材 （一）话题词汇&短语（直接套用） ◆核心词汇 iconic adj. 标志性的；grand adj. 宏伟的；unique adj. 独特的 diverse adj. 多元的；temporary adj. 短暂的；straightforward adj. 坦率的 native adj. 本土的；precious adj. 珍贵的；stunning adj. 极美的 ◆高分短语 1. be located to/in/on 坐落于 2. be referred to as 被称作 3. be native to 原产于 4. be home to 是……的栖息地/发源地 5. be famous/known for 以……闻名 6. date back to 追溯到 7. play an important part in 在……中起重要作用 8. make up 构成 9. pay a visit to 参观 10. feel at home 宾至如归 11. a flock of 一群 12. cultural diversity 文化多样性 （二）万能句型（分功能，适配不同段落） ◆开篇引入（介绍地理位置、整体印象） 1. Located ..., ... is one of the most iconic places in the world. 坐落于……，……是世界上最具标志性的地方之一。 2. I’m writing to tell you something about ..., which I visited recently. 我写信跟你分享我近期游览的……。 3. ... is often referred to as ..., and it enjoys great popularity around the world. ……常被称作……，在全球备受欢迎。 ◆主体描述（自然风光、特色动物、建筑、文化） 1. It is famous for its amazing natural scenery and special wildlife. 它以绝美的自然风光和独特的野生动物闻名。 2. Many rare animals native to this land can be seen here. 在这里能见到许多本土珍稀动物。 3. The ancient monuments here date back to hundreds of years ago. 这里的古迹可以追溯到数百年前。 4. Made up of different cultures, the country has a unique lifestyle. 多元文化交融，造就了这里独特的生活方式。 5. Local people have a straightforward attitude towards life and are very friendly. 当地人性格坦率，十分友善。 ◆结尾感悟、推荐、总结 1. I really had a wonderful time here and felt totally at home. 我在这里过得十分愉快，有种宾至如归的感觉。 2. There is nothing like this place, and it is well worth a visit. 此地独一无二，非常值得一游。 3. If you have a chance, I strongly recommend that you come here. 如果你有机会，我强烈推荐你来这里看一看。 ●常考写作题型+范文（2大类） 题型1：书信类（游记分享 · 高频考题） 写作任务 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信询问你刚刚游览的澳大利亚，请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 地理位置与整体印象； 2. 特色动物、自然景观与人文风情； 3. 你的感受与推荐。 词数：80词左右 参考范文 Dear Tom, Glad to receive your letter. Now let me tell you something about Australia, which I have just visited. Located to the south of the equator, Australia is often referred to as "down under". It is home to many unique animals, such as koalas and kangaroos, which are native to this country. Besides its stunning natural views, Australia also enjoys rich cultural diversity. Different cultures make up the nation and local people are friendly and straightforward, making me feel at home all the time. I fell in love with this iconic land deeply. There’s nothing like Australia, so I strongly recommend you pay a visit to it one day. Yours, Li Hua 题型2：说明文（介绍一处景点/地域 · 书面表达主流） 写作任务 请你根据提示，介绍澳大利亚这座国家，内容要点： 1. 地理位置；2. 标志性动物与自然美景；3. 多元文化与人文特色；4. 总结评价。 词数：80词左右 参考范文 Australia Australia is an iconic country lying in the Southern Hemisphere. Lying south of the equator, it attracts thousands of tourists every year. It is famous for its special wildlife. Koalas and kangaroos, native to Australia, are popular all over the world. The fantastic landscapes and ancient monuments also leave a deep impression on visitors. What’s more, it is a multicultural country. People from different backgrounds live here together, and their cultures all play a part in Australian life. With beautiful scenery and friendly people, Australia is really a wonderful place. It is well worth visiting. ●模板（直接背诵，灵活替换） 通用模板（景点/国家介绍） ◆开头 ______, located ______, is a world-famous place. It is often referred to as ______. ◆主体 First of all, it is famous for ______. Many animals/plants native to this place can be seen here. Besides, it has rich cultural diversity. Different cultures make up its unique lifestyle and play an important part in local life. Local people are ______ (性格). ◆结尾 I believe ______ is well worth visiting. If you get a chance, do come here. ●易错点&提分技巧 1. 语法避错 - 表示“坐落于”只用 located/lying，不用locate； - 定语从句中，逗号后不用that，统一用which； -  be native to + 地点 ，介词to不可换成in。 2. 词汇升级（替换普通词） - nice → stunning / amazing 极美的 - different → diverse 多元的 - famous → iconic / well-known 知名的 - happy → have a wonderful time 过得愉快 3. 行文逻辑词（加分） First of all / Besides / What’s more / In addition / Finally 七、单句语法填空 ●基础过关（30题） ◆用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Australia, ________ (locate) south of the equator, is a beautiful country. 2. The city ________ (characterize) by its unique buildings attracts many tourists. 3. Since I came here, I ________ (learn) a lot about local culture. 4. A large number of visitors ________ (fall) in love with this iconic place so far. 5. The beautiful scenery ________ (attract) millions of people every year. 6. We all enjoyed ________ (stay) in the small town. 7. The grand building left a deep ________ (impress) on all of us. 8. We need some ________ (temporary) workers during the travel season. 9. Different cultures make the country’s life ________ (variety) and colourful. 10. Hatching eggs is not the way of ________ (mammal) to give birth. 11. The boy can’t wait ________ (visit) the local wildlife park. 12. The monument ________ (stand) on the square has a long history. 13. This kind of animal is ________ (violent), so keep away from it. 14. She is studying ________ (biology) and knows much about animals. 15. The activity ________ (sponsor) by a local company is very popular. ◆填入适当的介词、连词或关系词（无提示词） 16. People often refer to Australia ________ “down under”. 17. Koalas are native ________ Australia. 18. We keep in close contact ________ our foreign friends. 19. A flock ________ birds are flying above the forest. 20. I paid a visit ________ the famous monument last week. 21. Ancient buildings here date back ________ over 200 years. 22. Different cultures play a part ________ local people’s daily life. 23. ________ the other hand, the weather here changes greatly. 24. This is the park ________ we visited last Sunday. 25. Australia is a country ________ many special animals live. 26. He told us an interesting story, ________ made us laugh loudly. 27. I don’t know the reason ________ he refused the invitation. 28. The man ________ is standing there is a local guide. 29. I agree ________ what you said about this place. 30. The hotel has no enough capacity ________ so many guests. ●能力提升（20题） 1. The instrument, ________ (hollow) inside, can make wonderful sounds. 2. The ________ (frequent) of earthquakes here is very low. 3. Several ________ (phase) of the animal’s life are being studied by scientists. 4. I find it comfortable ________ (live) in such a multicultural place. 5. The little bird ________ (hatch) out of the egg looks lovely. 6. This is the very museum ________ we visited last year. 7. All ________ you need to do is to enjoy your trip here. 8. The house in ________ we lived used to be a bakery. 9. I will never forget the days ________ we stayed together in Australia. 10. The girl, ________ bag is full of local snacks, comes from Canada. 11. The old man works ________ a volunteer in the tourist area. 12. A handful ________ students took part in the outdoor activity. 13. The land is rich ________ plants and rare animals. 14. After ________ (experience) different cultures, I learned a lot. 15. The session ________ (hold) yesterday was about wildlife protection. 16. It is said ________ this slogan is known all over the world. 17. They major ________ Australian culture in college. 18. The river, ________ runs through the city, is very clear. 19. We felt ________ home soon after we arrived here. 20. The problem ________ they talked about just now is easy to solve. ●参考答案+解析 ◆基础过关 1. located 解析：过去分词作后置定语，be located in/to 坐落于，固定用法。 2. characterized 解析：be characterized by 以……为特征，此处分词作定语。 3. have learned/learnt 解析：since引导从句，主句用现在完成时。 4. have fallen 解析：so far（到目前为止），现在完成时标志。 5. attracts 解析：every year 表经常性动作，一般现在时，主语为单数。 6. staying 解析：固定搭配 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事。 7. impression 解析：固定搭配 leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象，用名词。 8. temporary 解析：形容词修饰名词workers，temporary 暂时的。 9. various 解析：形容词与colourful并列作宾语补足语，variety→various。 10. mammals 解析：泛指“哺乳动物”，用复数形式。 11. to visit 解析：can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事。 12. standing 解析：现在分词作后置定语，表主动。 13. violent 解析：形容词作表语，violent 凶猛的。 14. biology 解析：biology 生物学，学科名词。 15. sponsored 解析：过去分词作定语，表被动“被赞助”。 16. as 解析：refer to...as... 把……称作…… 17. to 解析：be native to 原产于。 18. with 解析：in contact with 与……联系/接触。 19. of 解析：a flock of 一群（鸟、羊）。 20. to 解析：pay a visit to 参观；拜访。 21. to 解析：date back to 追溯到。 22. in 解析：play a part in 在……中起作用。 23. On 解析：on the other hand 另一方面，句首首字母大写。 24. that/which 解析：定语从句，先行词park（物），从句缺宾语。 25. where 解析：先行词表地点，从句成分完整，用关系副词where。 26. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代前文整件事，只用which。 27. why 解析：先行词为reason，从句表原因，用why。 28. who/that 解析：先行词the man（人），从句缺主语。 29. with 解析：agree with 赞同（观点、话语）。 30. for 解析：capacity for... ……的容纳量。 ◆能力提升 1. hollow 解析：形容词作后置定语，hollow 中空的。 2. frequency 解析：定冠词the后接名词，frequent→frequency 频率。 3. phases 解析：several 后接可数名词复数。 4. to live 解析：固定句型 find it + adj. + to do sth. 5. hatched 解析：过去分词作定语，表被动“被孵化”。 6. that 解析：先行词被the very修饰，定语从句只用that。 7. that 解析：先行词为不定代词all，只用that。 8. which 解析：介词+关系代词，指物只能用which。 9. when 解析：先行词the days表时间，从句缺时间状语，用when。 10. whose 解析：关系代词whose作定语，表“……的”。 11. as 解析：work as 担任；充当。 12. of 解析：a handful of 少数；一把。 13. in 解析：be rich in 富含；盛产。 14. experiencing 解析：介词after后接动名词。 15. held 解析：过去分词作定语，表被动“被举办”。 16. that 解析：固定句型 It is said that... 据说…… 17. in 解析：major in 主修（专业）。 18. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代事物，用which。 19. at 解析：feel at home 宾至如归。 20. that/which 解析：定语从句，先行词the problem，从句缺宾语。 选择性必修四Unit3 Sea Exploration 1、 核心单词 1. tale /teɪl/ n. 故事；叙述 2. merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/ n. 商人；批发商 adj. 海上货运的 3. extend /ɪkˈstend/ vt. 扩展；延长；延伸 4. negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ v. 谈判；商定；达成协议 5. fleet /fliːt/ n. 舰队；机群；车队 6. behold /bɪˈhəʊld/ vt. (beheld) 看；看见 7. league /liːɡ/ n. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛 8. royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ adj. 皇家的；王室的；高贵的 9. withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. (withdrew, withdrawn) 撤回；撤离 10. channel /ˈtʃænl/ n. 航道；海峡；频道 11. maritime /ˈmærɪtaɪm/ adj. 海的；海运的；海事的 12. bond /bɒnd/ n. 纽带；关系 v. 增强信任；使结合 13. politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ n. 政治；政治观点 14. profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业；专业 15. spice /spaɪs/ n. 香料；调味品 ●英译汉 1. tale /teɪl/ _______________ 2. merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/ _______________ 3. extend /ɪkˈstend/ _______________ 4. negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ _______________ 5. fleet /fliːt/ _______________ 6. behold /bɪˈhəʊld/ _______________ 7. league /liːɡ/ _______________ 8. royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ _______________ 9. withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ _______________ 10. channel /ˈtʃænl/ _______________ 11. maritime /ˈmærɪtaɪm/ _______________ 12. bond /bɒnd/ _______________ 13. politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ _______________ 14. profession /prəˈfeʃn/ _______________ 15. spice /spaɪs/ _______________ ●汉译英 1. 故事；叙述 _______________ 2. 商人；批发商；海上货运的 _______________ 3. 扩展；延长；延伸 _______________ 4. 谈判；商定；达成协议 _______________ 5. 舰队；机群；车队 _______________ 6. 看；看见 _______________ 7. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛 _______________ 8. 皇家的；王室的；高贵的 _______________ 9. 撤回；撤离 _______________ 10. 航道；海峡；频道 _______________ 11. 海的；海运的；海事的 _______________ 12. 纽带；关系；增强信任；使结合 _______________ 13. 政治；政治观点 _______________ 14. 职业；专业 _______________ 15. 香料；调味品 _______________ 二、单词拓展 1. extend（v. 扩展） - extension n. 延伸；扩大；分机 - extensive adj. 广泛的；大量的 2. negotiate（v. 谈判） - negotiation n. 谈判；协商 - negotiable adj. 可协商的 3. royal（adj. 皇家的） - royalty n. 王室成员；版税 4. applaud（v. 鼓掌；称赞） - applause n. 掌声；喝彩 5. coverage（n. 新闻报道） - cover v. 报道；覆盖；包括 6. exploration（n. 探索） - explore v. 探索；勘探 - explorer n. 探险家 7. navigation（n. 航海；导航） - navigate v. 导航；航行 - navigator n. 航海家；导航员 ●词性转换（高考高频） 英译汉+变形默写 1. extend (v.) 扩展；延伸 extension (n.) _______________ extensive (adj.) _______________ 2. negotiate (v.) 谈判；协商 negotiation (n.) _______________ negotiable (adj.) _______________ 3. royal (adj.) 皇家的 royalty (n.) _______________ 4. applaud (v.) 鼓掌；称赞 applause (n.) _______________ 5. cover (v.) 覆盖；报道 coverage (n.) _______________ 6. explore (v.) 探索 exploration (n.) _______________ explorer (n.) _______________ 7. navigate (v.) 航行；导航 navigation (n.) _______________ navigator (n.) _______________ ●词性转换 答案 1. 延伸；扩大；分机；广泛的；大量的 2. 谈判；协商；可协商的 3. 王室成员；版税 4. 掌声；喝彩 5. 新闻报道 6. 探索；勘探；探险家 7. 航海；导航；航海家；导航员 三、单元重点短语 1. set sail (for) 启航；起航 2. in return for 作为……回报 3. withdraw from 从……撤回/退出 4. under the command of 在……指挥下 5. extend deadline 延长期限 6. negotiate with sb. about sth. 与某人协商某事 7. under negotiation 协商中 8. withdraw from competition 退出比赛 9. cover the cost 支付费用 10. applaud sb. for sth. 因某事称赞某人 11. form the foundation of 成为……的基础；奠定……基础 12. find one’s way to 抵达；传播到；辗转来到 13. be known as 被称作；作为……而出名 14. centre around 以……为中心 15.  in return for 作为……的回报 ●词性转换 1. extend (v.) → ________ (n. 延伸；扩展) 2. negotiate (v.) → ________ (n. 谈判；协商) 3. royal (adj.) → ________ (n. 王室；版税) 4. spice (n.) → ________ (adj. 辛辣的；加香料的) 5. withdraw (v.) → ________ (n. 撤回；取款) 6. aware (adj.) → ________ (n. 意识；认识) ●词性转换答案 1. extension 2. negotiation 3. royalty 4. spicy 5. withdrawal 6. awareness 五、单元佳句 ●写作金句 1. The sea, as a witness of history, has linked civilizations and shaped the world we live in. 海洋是历史的见证者，联结文明，塑造我们的世界。 2. Sea exploration is not only about discovering new lands, but also about understanding our planet and ourselves. 海洋探索，不止为发现新大陆，更为读懂地球与人类自身。 3. With courage and wisdom, humans have always dared to explore the unknown, and the sea is no exception. 人类凭勇气与智慧，永敢探索未知，海洋亦如此。 4. Protecting marine ecosystems is essential for sustainable development and the future of humanity. 保护海洋生态，是人类可持续发展与未来的关键。 5. The bonds between countries, forged by trade and mutual respect, grow stronger across the vast ocean. 贸易与互信铸就的国家纽带，跨越沧海，愈发坚韧。 ●写作高分句（话题仿写专用，海洋/探索/文化交流） 1. The sea connects different civilizations and strengthens the bond between countries. 海洋联结不同文明，加固各国之间的纽带。 2. Sea exploration shows human courage and wisdom in exploring the unknown world. 海洋探索彰显了人类探索未知的勇气与智慧。 3. Protecting marine ecosystems is a shared responsibility of all mankind. 保护海洋生态系统，是全人类共同的责任。 4. The ancient trading routes have witnessed frequent cultural exchanges for centuries. 古老的贸易航路，数百年间见证了频繁的文化交流。 5. The ocean is a treasure house of rich natural resources, which is worthy of our careful protection. 海洋是蕴藏丰富自然资源的宝库，值得我们用心守护。 五、单元语法 ●分类型精讲（连词+用法+例句+考点） （一）让步状语从句（单元最高频） 表示“虽然、尽管、即使”，从句与主句语义相反。 1. 核心连词 ◆although / though 虽然，尽管（最常用） - 用法：不能与 but 连用，但可和 yet/still 连用 - 位置：可放句首/句中 - 例句： Although China withdrew from further exploration, the voyages were great achievements. 尽管中国停止了后续探索，这些航行仍是伟大的成就。 ◆even though / even if 即使，纵然（语气更强，表假设/事实） 例句： Even though oceans cover most of the earth, much remains unexplored. 尽管海洋占据地球大部分面积，仍有大片区域未被探索。 ◆while 虽然（多放句首） 提示：while 放句中常表“当……时”，句首多表让步 例句： While we explore the ocean, we must protect it. 虽然我们探索海洋，但也必须保护它。 🔴 必考易错点 although/though 和 but 二选一，绝对不能同时出现 错：Although he is tired, but he keeps working. 对：Although he is tired, he keeps working. （二）原因状语从句 表原因，高频连词：because, since, as 1. because 因为（语气最强，表直接原因，回答 why 提问） 例句：Many corals are dying because ocean temperatures are rising. 许多珊瑚走向消亡，因为海水温度不断升高。 2. since 既然；由于（侧重显而易见的原因，常放句首） 例句：Since trade developed, more people began to sail across the sea. 由于贸易发展，更多人开始出海远航。 3. as 由于（语气最弱，书面常用） 4. 单元固定搭配 due to（介词短语，后接名词/代词，不接从句） - 辨析： ✅ 接句子：because + 从句 ✅ 接名词：due to + 名词/动名词 例句：Coral bleaching is due to high temperatures.（接名词） （三）结果状语从句 表“因此、以至于”，两大核心结构 1. so ... that ... 如此……以至于…… 结构： so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句 例句：The fleets were so amazing that they were in a league of their own. 这支船队气势磅礴，无人能及。 2. such ... that ... 如此……以至于…… 结构： such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that 从句 例句：It is such a great voyage that people still talk about it today. so / such 区分口诀 名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so （many/much/few/little 前一律用 so） （四）时间状语从句 1. when 当……时候（可指长/短动作） 2. as 一边……一边；随着（强调同步发生） 例句：As time went by, the trade routes became busier. 随着时间流逝，贸易航线愈发繁忙。 3. before 在……之前；还未……就 4. after 在……之后 （五）条件状语从句 连词：if, as long as（只要） 时态规则：主将从现 主句将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。 例句：As long as we protect the ocean, it will serve us well. 只要我们保护海洋，它就会造福人类。 ●单元重点特殊句式 1. Only + 状语 + 部分倒装（课文原句） Only by balancing exploration and protection can we ensure sustainable development. 译文：唯有平衡探索与保护，我们才能实现可持续发展。 规则：Only + 状语（副词/介词短语/状语从句）置于句首，主句用部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提到主语前）。 2. 现在分词作结果状语（高频考点） 逗号后 doing 表自然而然的结果 例句：The Jiaolong dived deep into the sea, making China a deep-sea exploration power. “蛟龙”号深潜海底，使中国成为深海探索强国。 3. 定语从句 which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整件事 例句：Merchants negotiated trade deals, which promoted cultural communication. ●单句语法填空（当堂练习+答案解析） 1. ________ the task was difficult, they finished it successfully. 2. He didn’t go sailing ________ the weather was terrible. 3. The sea is ________ beautiful ________ many tourists come to visit it. 4. We must protect marine life ________ we explore the ocean. 5. You will succeed ________ you keep trying. 6. ________ time passes, people know more about the ocean. 7. It is ________ an interesting story ________ everyone likes it. 8. Many species are ________ risk of extinction ________ pollution and overfishing. 答案&解析 1. Although/Though/While 让步状语从句，虽然任务艰巨 2. because 原因状语从句，因为天气差 3. so; that so + 形容词 + that 结果状语 4. while/although 让步，虽然探索海洋，但也要保护 5. as long as/if 条件状语，只要/如果坚持 6. As 时间状语，随着时光流逝 7. such; that such + 名词短语 + that 8. at; due to at risk of 濒临；due to 后接名词表原因 ●易错点汇总（考试避坑） 1. 让步从句：although/though 不与 but 连用，二选一 2. 原因表达： - because + 完整句子 - due to + 名词/动名词（不能接从句） 3. so / such 严格区分结构 4. Only 放句首修饰状语，主句部分倒装 5. while 句首表“虽然”，句中常表“当……时”，注意区分语 六、单元写作 ●写作主题：海洋探索、海洋保护、中外航海交流、倡议书/书信/说明文 核心文体：建议信、观点类短文、倡议书（高考高频题型） 核心考点：本单元词汇、短语、状语从句、倒装句、非谓语动词等语法，贴合课文话题 ●万能功能句型 ◆开篇引入（介绍话题/背景） 1. The ocean covers most of the earth’s surface and is of great importance to humans. 海洋占据地球大部分面积，对人类至关重要。 2. Sea exploration has a long history and connects different civilizations. 海洋探索历史悠久，联通了不同文明。 3. Nowadays, the ocean is facing serious environmental problems. 如今，海洋正面临严峻的环境问题。 ◆主体论述（历史/现状/问题） 1. Ancient voyages promoted trade and cultural exchange between countries. 古代航海促进了各国的贸易与文化交流。 2. Although we have made great progress in ocean exploration, many problems appear. 虽然我们在海洋探索上取得巨大进步，但诸多问题也随之而来。 3. Plastic pollution and overfishing are destroying marine ecosystems. 塑料污染与过度捕捞正在破坏海洋生态系统。 4. Many marine species are dying out due to rising sea temperatures. 由于海水升温，许多海洋物种濒临灭绝。 ◆建议/结尾（提出举措、总结升华） 1. We should explore the ocean wisely and protect it at the same time. 我们应当合理探索海洋，同时加以保护。 2. Only by joint efforts can we realize the sustainable development of the ocean. 唯有共同努力，才能实现海洋的可持续发展。 3. It is everyone’s duty to guard our home — the blue ocean. 守护蓝色海洋家园，是每个人的责任。 ●常考题型+范文（3类高频考题） ◆题型1：书信（建议信 · 模拟考题） 假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Tom对海洋探索很感兴趣，来信询问当代海洋现状，并希望你给出保护海洋的建议。请你写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 海洋的价值； 2. 目前海洋面临的问题； 3. 你的建议。 词数：80词左右 参考范文 Dear Tom, I’m glad to receive your letter. Now I’d like to share something about the ocean with you. The ocean is a treasure house of natural resources and plays an important role on Earth. However, it is suffering a lot now. Plastic pollution, overfishing and rising temperatures have damaged marine ecosystems, and many species are at risk of extinction. Although we continue to explore the ocean, we must balance exploration and protection. We should stop polluting the sea and avoid overfishing. Let’s work together to protect our blue home. Yours, Li Hua ◆题型2：说明文（介绍航海历史与海洋探索） 请根据提示写一篇短文，介绍中国古代航海成就与如今的海洋探索，内容要点： 1. 古代：郑和下西洋，促进贸易与文化交流； 2. 现代：深海技术发展，探索海洋奥秘； 3. 感悟：探索与保护并重。 词数：80词左右 参考范文 Sea Exploration in China China has a long history of maritime exploration. Centuries ago, Zheng He led large fleets to set sail across the ocean. These great voyages promoted trade and cultural exchange between China and other countries. Today, our ability to explore the ocean has improved greatly. Advanced equipment helps us carry out deep-sea exploration and study marine life. The ocean is precious to us. While we explore its secrets, we should never forget to protect it. Only in this way can we achieve sustainable development. 亮点解析 1. 句式：While 引导让步状语从句；Only+状语 部分倒装（单元重点特殊句式） 2. 词汇：maritime exploration, set sail, deep-sea exploration, sustainable development ◆题型3：倡议书（书面表达热点） 学校英文报社发起“保护海洋”倡议，请你写一篇英文倡议书，呼吁同学们行动起来保护海洋。内容包括： 1. 海洋的重要性； 2. 现存问题； 3. 倡议内容。 词数：80词左右 参考范文 Let’s Protect the Ocean The ocean is vital to all living things on Earth. It provides rich natural resources and keeps the planet balanced. Unluckily, marine ecosystems are being destroyed. Rubbish and overfishing have put many sea creatures in danger. As students, we should take action right now. Do not throw rubbish into the sea and call on more people to protect marine life. Let’s work together to guard our beautiful ocean! ●通用写作模板（灵活套用） ◆模板1：观点/建议类短文 The ocean is very important to humans. ________（介绍价值）. However, it faces many problems. ________（列举问题：污染、物种濒危等）. Although we keep exploring the ocean, we must realize the importance of protection. We should ________（具体建议）. Only by doing so can we enjoy a better future. ◆模板2：书信通用框架 Dear ______, Nice to hear from you. I’m writing to tell you something about ________. First of all, ________. Besides, ________. Now there are some serious problems, such as ________. In my opinion, we should ________. I hope my ideas will be helpful to you. Yours, 七、单句语法填空 ●基础过关 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Trade and curiosity ________ (form) the foundation of human exploration since ancient times. 2. The road ________ (extend) to the faraway sea looks very beautiful. 3. They held talks and ________ (negotiate) trade deals successfully last year. 4. The old man ________ (withdraw) from public life two years ago. 5. We should pay attention to the ________ (aware) of protecting marine life. 6. This kind of food is full of ________ (spice) and tastes hot. 7. The ________ (explore) have made many new discoveries in the deep sea. 8. The film was so moving that all the audience burst into ________ (applaud). 9. Ocean ________ (exploit) must be controlled properly. 10. Many sea animals are at risk of ________ (extinct) now. 11. Under the command of Zheng He, the fleets ________ (set) sail hundreds of years ago. 12. The new policy makes ________ (we) realize the importance of ocean protection. 13. ________ (see) from the ship, the sea looks endless. 14. The activity ________ (organize) by the royal family attracted lots of people. 15. He is a teacher by ________ (profession). 填入适当连词、介词、关系词（无提示词） 16. Silk found its way to Rome along ________ became known as the Silk Road. 17. The trade route was centred ________ Ceylon in ancient times. 18. The two sides talked a lot ________ they reached an agreement. 19. ________ it is difficult to explore the deep sea, humans never give up. 20. Many gifts were sent ________ return for gold and silk. 21. The ocean is ________ beautiful ________ thousands of tourists come here every year. 22. It is ________ an amazing voyage ________ people still talk about it today. 23. Many corals are dying ________ to rising ocean temperatures. 24. We must balance exploration ________ protection of the ocean. 25. Only ________ joint efforts can we achieve sustainable development. 26. This is the fleet ________ sailed to Africa long ago. 27. He didn’t go sailing ________ the weather was terrible. 28. ________ time goes by, people know more about the ocean. 29. You will succeed ________ you keep trying your best. 30. Many species are ________ risk of extinction now. ●能力提升 1. The long voyage ________ (leave) us a deep impression is well-known worldwide. 2. After ________ (negotiate) for hours, they finally reached a deal. 3. He has decided ________ (withdraw) from the competition next week. 4. The ________ (extend) of the trade route promoted cultural exchange. 5. ________ (realize) the importance of protection, we take action immediately. 6. Only then ________ we realize how important the ocean is. 7. ________ he has rich experience, he still keeps learning. 8. The reason ________ he loves sea exploration is that he is curious about nature. 9. The house ________ we once lived is near the sea. 10. Plastic pollution is one of the main reasons ________ marine ecosystems are damaged. 11. The man ________ is standing on the ship is a famous explorer. 12. All ________ we need to do is to protect our marine home. 13. This is the very book ________ tells stories about Zheng He’s voyages. 14. He works ________ a guide on the passenger ship. 15. A large fleet ________ ships set sail early in the morning. 16. The two countries built a close bond ________ each other. 17. ________ long a journey it was, they never felt tired. 18. We won’t start the trip ________ everything is ready. 19. He is ________ busy ________ he has no time to go to the sea. 20. The project, ________ was supported by the government, went well. 参考答案 + 详细解析 ●基础过关 1. have formed 解析：since ancient times 是现在完成时标志。 2. extending 解析：现在分词作后置定语，road 与 extend 为主动关系。 3. negotiated 解析：and 连接并列谓语，时态统一为一般过去时。 4. withdrew 解析：two years ago 为一般过去时。 5. awareness 解析：定冠词the后接名词，awareness 意识。 6. spices 解析：spice 此处表“香料”，可数名词，用复数。 7. explorers 解析：谓语have说明主语为复数，explorers 探险家。 8. applause 解析：burst into applause 响起掌声，固定搭配。 9. exploitation 解析：名词作主语，ocean exploitation 海洋开发。 10. extinction 解析：at risk of + 名词，extinction 灭绝。 11. set 解析：hundreds of years ago 用一般过去时，set 过去式同原形。 12. us 解析：人称代词宾格作make的宾语。 13. Seen 解析：过去分词作状语，sea 与 see 是被动关系。 14. organized 解析：过去分词作定语，表被动“被王室组织的活动”。 15. profession 解析：by profession 职业是，固定搭配。 16. what 解析：宾语从句，从句缺主语，用what。 17. around 解析：centre around 以……为中心，固定短语。 18. before 解析：时间状语从句，意为“在达成协议之前，双方商谈了很久”。 19. Although/Though/While 解析：让步状语从句，虽然深海探索艰难，但人类从未放弃。 20. in 解析：in return for 作为……的回报。 21. so; that 解析：so + 形容词 + that 结果状语从句。 22. such; that 解析：such + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that 结果状语从句。 23. due 解析：due to 由于，后接名词/名词短语。 24. and 解析：balance A and B 平衡A与B。 25. by 解析：only by... 只有通过……，后接状语，主句常用倒装。 26. that/which 解析：定语从句，先行词fleet（物），从句缺主语。 27. because 解析：原因状语从句，解释不去航海的原因。 28. As 解析：as 引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。 29. if/as long as 解析：条件状语从句，如果/只要你坚持努力，就会成功。 30. at 解析：at risk of 濒临……危险，固定搭配。 ●能力提升 1. leaving 解析：现在分词作后置定语，voyage 与 leave 主动关系。 2. negotiating 解析：介词after后接动名词。 3. to withdraw 解析：decide to do sth. 决定做某事。 4. extension 解析：定冠词the后接名词，extension 延伸。 5. Realizing 解析：现在分词作原因状语，主语we与realize主动关系。 6. did 解析：Only+状语置于句首，主句部分倒装；一般过去时，加助动词did。 7. Although/Though 解析：让步状语从句，虽然经验丰富，但仍坚持学习。 8. why 解析：定语从句，先行词reason，用why作原因状语。 9. where 解析：先行词表地点，从句成分完整，用关系副词where。 10. why 解析：先行词reasons，定语从句用why。 11. who/that 解析：先行词the man（人），从句缺主语。 12. that 解析：先行词为不定代词all，定语从句只用that。 13. that 解析：先行词被the very修饰，只用that。 14. as 解析：work as 担任；充当。 15. of 解析：a fleet of ships 一支船队。 16. between 解析：bond between each other 彼此间的纽带。 17. However 解析：however引导让步状语从句，结构：However + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语。 18. until 解析：not...until... 直到……才……。 19. so; that 解析：so + 形容词 + that 结果状语从句。 20. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代前文事物，只用which。 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 选择性必修第四册Unit1~Unit3单元词汇短语句型梳理 选择性必修四Unit1 Science Fiction 1、 核心单词 ●核心必背（高考高频） 1. fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ n. _________ 拓展：fictional adj. _________；science fiction _________ 2. ridiculous /rɪˈdɪkjələs/ adj. _________ 3. integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. _________ 4. dignity /ˈdɪɡnəti/ n. _________ 5. salary /ˈsæləri/ n. _________ 6. appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. _________ 拓展：appoint v. _________ 7. guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ adj. _________ 8. dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ vt. _________ 9. superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/ adj. _________ 搭配：superior to _________ 10. labour /ˈleɪbə(r)/ n. _________ vi. _________ 11. pace /peɪs/ n. _________ v. _________ 12. maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ adj./n. _________ 13. random /ˈrændəm/ adj. _________ 14. declare /dɪˈkleə(r)/ vt. _________ 15. calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ vt. _________ 16. bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n. _________ 17. absurd /əbˈsɜːd/ adj. _________ 18. suspend /səˈspend/ vt. _________ 19. fetch /fetʃ/ vt. _________ 20. backwards /ˈbækwədz/ adv. _________ 二、单词拓展 1. fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ n. _________ - fictional adj. _________ - science fiction _________ 2. ridiculous /rɪˈdɪkjələs/ adj. _________ -ridiculously adv. _________ - ridiculous idea _________ 3. integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. _________ - personal integrity _________ 4. dignity /ˈdɪɡnəti/ n. _________ - dignified adj. _________ - lose dignity _________ 5. salary /ˈsæləri/ n. _________ - monthly salary _________ 6. appoint /əˈpɔɪnt/ v. _________ - appointment n._________ - appoint sb as… _________ - make an appointment _________ 7. guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ adj._________ - guilt n. _________ - feel guilty about _________ 8. dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ v. _________ - dismiss from job _________ - dismiss an idea _________ 9. superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/ adj. _________ - superiority n. _________ - superior to _________ 10. labour /ˈleɪbə(r)/ n. & v. _________ - laborious adj.________ - labour force _________ 11. pace /peɪs/ n. _________v. _________ - keep pace with _________ - pace up and down _________ 12. maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ n.&adj. _________ - minimum n.&adj. _________ 13. random /ˈrændəm/ adj. _________ - randomly adv. _________ - at random _________ 14. declare /dɪˈkleə(r)/ v. _________ - declaration n. _________ - declare war_________ 15. calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ v. _________ - calculation n. _________ - calculator n. _________ 16. absurd /əbˈsɜːd/ adj. _________ - absurdity n._________ 17. fetch /fetʃ/ v. _________ - fetch water _________ 18. conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. _________/kənˈflɪkt/ v. _________ - conflict with _________ - in conflict _________ ●词性转换填空 1. fiction (n. 小说；虚构) → ________ (adj. 虚构的) 2. ridiculous (adj. 荒唐可笑的) → ________ (adv. 可笑地；离谱地) 3. appoint (v. 任命；预约) → ________ (n. 任命；约会) 4. guilty (adj. 内疚的；有罪的) → ________ (n. 内疚；罪责) 5. superior (adj. 优越的) → ________ (n. 优势；优越感) 6. labour (n./v. 劳动) → ________ (adj. 费力的；辛苦的) 7. random (adj. 随机的) → ________ (adv. 随意地) 8. declare (v. 宣布；声明) → ________ (n. 宣言；声明) 9. calculate (v. 计算；预估) → ________ (n. 计算) → ________ (n. 计算器) 10. absurd (adj. 荒谬的) → ________ (n. 荒唐；荒谬) 三、单元短语 1. feel guilty about _________ 2. appoint sb as… _________ 3. make an appointment _________ 4. dismiss sb from… _________ 5. superior to _________ 6. keep pace with _________ 7. pace up and down _________ 8. fetch sth for sb _________ 9. suspend doing sth _________ 10. at random _________ 11. conflict with _________ 12. maximum limit _________ 13. declare against _________ 14. science fiction _________ 15. labour force _________ 五、单元佳句 Today's science fiction is tomorrow's science fact. 今日科幻，明日现实。——艾萨克·阿西莫夫 1. He seemed more like a human than a machine. 他与其说是台机器，不如说更像真人。（more...than... 与其说……倒不如说……） 2. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot. 克莱尔觉得被机器人同情很荒谬。（it作形式主语+被动） 3. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 她一转身，格拉迪丝就站在那儿。（完全倒装） 4. It was at ten o'clock today that the first Time Machine began its career. 正是今日十点，首台时光机启动。（强调句） 5. The whole surface of the earth was being changed, melting and flowing before my eyes. 地球表面剧变，在我眼前消融流动。（被动+现在分词作状语） 6. True dignity lies not in power, but in kindness and integrity. 真正的尊严不在于权力，而在于善良与正直。 7. We should keep pace with technological progress while holding fast to our moral values. 我们应跟上科技脚步，同时坚守道德准则。 8. It is random encounters that make life full of surprises and possibilities. 正是随机的遇见，让人生充满惊喜与可能。 六、单元语法 ●核心语法：过去分词 核心含义：表被动、完成，可充当定语、表语、宾语补足语 ◆过去分词作定语 1. 用法规则 - 单个过去分词：放名词前面 - 过去分词短语：放名词后面 - 语义：被……的；已经……的 2. 例句 - a broken machine 一台破损的机器 - the respected scientist 受人敬重的科学家 - the problem discussed at the meeting 会上讨论过的问题 3. 易错区分 - developing country 发展中国家（主动、进行） - developed country 发达国家（被动、完成） ◆过去分词作表语 1. 用法规则 跟在be动词后，描述主语的状态、感受，无动作意味 2. 常用搭配 - be surprised 感到惊讶 - be satisfied 感到满意 - be devoted 专注于；奉献 - be absorbed in 全神贯注于 - be frightened 感到害怕 3. 句式示例 The robot is well designed. 这个机器人设计精良。 She was moved by the story. 她被这个故事打动了。 易混辨析 - exciting 令人兴奋的（修饰事物） - excited 感到兴奋的（修饰人） ◆过去分词作宾语补足语 1. 常用谓语动词 find, see, hear, have, get, make, keep, leave 2. 经典句型 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 过去分词 表示宾语被别人施加动作 3. 典型例句 I had my car repaired. 我找人修理了汽车。 We found the window closed. 我们发现窗户关着。 He got his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天剪了头发。 ◆过去分词基础考点对比 doing 表示“主动、进行”，主语主动发出动作。 done 表示“被动、完成”，主语承受动作。 例句对比 - falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 - fallen leaves 已经落地的落叶 ●语法填空实战小练习 用所给词适当形式填空 1. The ________ (break) robot can not work normally. 2. He felt ________ (satisfy) with the result. 3. I will have my bike ________ (fix) this afternoon. 4. ________ (use) widely, this technology changes people’s life. 七、单元写作 写作主题 科幻故事/机器人相关记叙文、科技与人议论文 常考题型：故事续写、介绍科幻作品、谈论人工智能利弊 词数要求：80词左右 ●通用三段式写作框架 1. 开头 交代背景、人物、事物，引出机器人/科幻情节 2. 中间 描述事件发展、人物互动、心理变化、行为表现 3. 结尾 抒发感悟，探讨科技与人性、尊严、情感的关系 ●分类万能句式 ◆开篇引入 1. I recently read a science fiction story about a smart robot. 我近期读了一则关于智能机器人的科幻故事。 2. With the development of technology, robots have stepped into people’s daily life. 随着科技发展，机器人走入了人们的日常生活。 3. The story tells us a special experience between humans and machines. 这个故事讲述了人与机器之间的特殊经历。 ◆情节描写 1. The robot could think independently and even understand human feelings. 这个机器人能够独立思考，甚至读懂人类情感。 2. Gradually, the host began to trust and respect the robot. 渐渐地，主人开始信任并尊重这名机器人。 3. Some actions of the robot made people feel surprised and moved. 机器人的种种举动让人既惊讶又感动。 ◆观点感悟结尾 1. Advanced technology brings convenience, yet it can never replace true human emotion. 先进科技带来便利，却永远无法取代真挚的人类情感。 2. No matter how intelligent machines are, dignity and kindness belong only to humans. 无论机器多么智能，尊严与善意独属于人类。 3. We should treat artificial intelligence properly and stick to our inner integrity. 我们应理性看待人工智能，坚守内心的正直本心。 ●高频写作加分词汇&短语 science fiction 科幻小说 artificial intelligence 人工智能 independent thinking 独立思考 sense of dignity 尊严感 inner feelings 内心情感 replace human beings 取代人类 keep pace with technology 跟上科技发展 personal integrity 个人品行 ●经典范文模板 范文1 故事读后感 Technology and Humanity I have read a fantastic science fiction story. It describes a robot named Tony living with a human lady. Tony looked like a real person. He could do housework well, offer comfort and even have his own thoughts. At first, the lady felt doubtful and awkward staying with a machine. As time went by, she admired Tony’s wisdom and good qualities, and slowly built trust with him. The story makes me realize that technology is powerful. However, true love, dignity and sincere feelings can never be created by machines. We should value humanity while enjoying the convenience brought by science. 范文2 观点类作文：人工智能的思考 Nowadays, intelligent robots play an important role in our life. They can finish dangerous work and serve people around the clock. Some people worry that highly developed robots will take the place of humans one day. In my opinion, machines are designed to serve people. They lack real feelings and moral judgment. No matter how smart they become, they cannot own dignity and integrity. We need to keep pace with technological progress. Meanwhile, we must hold fast to human nature and treat new technology in a reasonable way. ●写作避坑要点 1. 时态统一 叙事类多用一般过去时；观点议论多用一般现在时 2. 固定搭配勿出错 superior to 优于；feel guilty about 愧疚；conflict with 冲突 3. 紧扣主题 围绕科技便利、机器局限、人性珍贵展开，不偏离主旨 4. 善用连接词 besides, gradually, however, in my opinion, as a result  ●仿写空白模板 Nowadays, ______________ plays an important part in our daily life. It can ______________. People hold different opinions about it. Some people think ______________. Others worry that ______________. From my point of view, ______________. Technology cannot replace ______________. We should ______________. 八、单句语法填空 ●过去分词专项（单元核心语法，高考高频） 1. The ____ (break) robot failed to carry out orders normally. 2. ____ (see) from the window, the high-tech device looks amazing. 3. I found my room ____ (clean) when I came back home. 4. The girl felt ____ (move) by the robot’s kind behaviour. 5. He had his new machine ____ (check) yesterday afternoon. ●词性转换（高考必考词形变化） 6. We all admire his ____ (integrate) and wisdom. 7. She felt ____ (guilt) about her rude words just now. 8. The official made an ____ (appoint) to meet the scientist. 9. It is a ridiculous ____ (absurd) in the story. 10. They made an exact ____ (calculate) before design. ●固定搭配&介词填空 11. This new model is superior ____ the old one in function. 12. We must keep pace ____ the rapid development of science. 13. His idea is ____ conflict with common rules. 14. Don’t feel guilty ____ your choice. 15. The manager dismissed him ____ the company for mistake. ●时态、语态、连词填空 16. It ____ (believe) that robots will change our future life. 17. The machine ____ (suspend) because of serious fault last week. 18. There is no doubt ____ technology brings us great convenience. 19. He behaved ____ if he were a real human being. 20. It was in this lab ____ they invented the time machine. 选择性必修四Unit2 Iconic Attractions 1、 核心单词 1. attraction /əˈtrækʃn/ n. _________ 2. iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk/ adj. _________ 3. civilisation /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. _________ 4. dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n. _________ 5. monument /ˈmɒnjumənt/ n. _________ 6. heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n. _________ 7. territory /ˈterətri/ n. _________ 8. custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n. _________ adj. _________ 9. preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ v. _________ 10. decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/ v. _________ 11. resemble /rɪˈzembl/ v. _________ 12. wander /ˈwɒndə(r)/ v. _________ 13. classify /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/ v. _________ 14. demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ v. _________ 15. border /ˈbɔːdə(r)/ n. _________ v. _________ 16. architect /ˈɑːkɪtekt/ n. _________ 17. architecture /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/ n. _________ 18. carve /kɑːv/ v. _________ 19. craft /krɑːft/ n. _________ v. _________ 20. origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. _________ ●词性转换 1. attract (v.) → _________ (n.) → _________(adj.) 吸引人的 2. civil (adj.) → _________ (n.) 文明 3. preserve (v.) → _________ (n.) 保护；保存 4. decorate (v.) → _________ (n.) 装饰；装饰品 5. origin (n.) → _________ (adj.) 原始的；最初的 6. resemble (v.) → _________ (n.) 相似；相像 7. classify (v.) → _________ (n.) 分类；类别 ●单词默写 1. iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk/ adj. _______________ 2. icon /ˈaɪkɒn/ n. _______________ 3. foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/ n. _______________ 4. found /faʊnd/ vt. _______________ 5. founder /ˈfaʊndə(r)/ n. _______________ 6. political /pəˈlɪtɪkl/ adj. _______________ 7. politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ n. _______________ 8. politician /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ n. _______________ 9. located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/ adj. _______________ 10. locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/ vt. _______________ 11. location /ləʊˈkeɪʃn/ n. _______________ 12. joint /dʒɔɪnt/ n._______ adj._______ 13. entitle /ɪnˈtaɪtl/ vt. _______________ 14. entitled /ɪnˈtaɪtld/ adj. _______________ 15. sponsor /ˈspɒnsə(r)/ vt._______ n._______ 16. temporary /ˈtemprəri/ adj. _______________ 17. frequency /ˈfriːkwənsi/ n. _______________ 18. frequent /ˈfriːkwənt/ adj. _______________ 19. violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ adj. _______________ 20. violence /ˈvaɪələns/ n. _______________ 二、单词拓展 1. iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk/ adj. 符号的；图标的；标志性的 - 拓展：______ n. 图标；偶像；_______ adv. 标志性地 2. foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/ n. 创建；基础；地基 - 拓展：_______ vt. 创立；建立；创办；_______ n. 创始人；奠基人 3. political /pəˈlɪtɪkl/ adj. 政治的 - 拓展：________ n. 政治；________ n. 政治家；政客 4. located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/ adj. 位于 - 拓展：_______ vt. 定位；使坐落于；________ n. 位置；地点 5. joint /dʒɔɪnt/ n. 公共场所；关节 adj. 联合的；共同的 - 搭配：_________ 合资企业；__________脱臼 6. entitle /ɪnˈtaɪtl/ vt. 给……命名；使享有权利 - 拓展：_________ adj. 有资格的；__________ n. 权利；资格 - 搭配：_________有权做…… 7. sponsor /ˈspɒnsə(r)/ vt. 倡议；赞助；主办 n. 赞助者；倡议者 - 拓展：_________ n. 赞助；资助 8. temporary /ˈtemprəri/ adj. 暂时的；短暂的 - 拓展：_________ adv. 暂时地；临时地 9. frequency /ˈfriːkwənsi/ n. 发生率；频率 - 拓展：________ adj. 频繁的；_________ adv. 频繁地 10. violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ adj. 暴力的；猛烈的 - 拓展：_________ n. 暴力；暴行；_________ adv. 猛烈地 三、单元短语 1. refer to...as... 把……称作…… 2. be referred to as 被称为…… 3. major in 主修（专业） 4. be native to 原产于；源于…… 5. In contact with 与……联系/接触 6. make up 组成；构成；编造；弥补 7. a flock of 一群（羊/鸟） 8. a handful of 少数；一把 9. can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事 10. feel at home 宾至如归；自在 11. be famous/known for 以……闻名 12. be regarded as 被视为/看作 13. be home to 是……的家园/发源地 14. date back to 追溯到 15. pay a visit to 参观；拜访 16. lead to 导致；通向 17. play a part in 在……起作用 18. pick up 捡起；学会；接收 19. come across 偶然遇见；发现 20. on the other hand 另一方面 21. be characterized by 以……为特征 22. be rich in 富含；盛产 23. serve as 充当；作为 24. make an impression on 给……留下印象 25. a minority of 少数 ●短语默写版 ◆核心高频 1. 把……称作…… ____________________ 2. 被称为…… ____________________ 3. 主修（专业） ____________________ 4. 原产于；源于…… ____________________ 5. 与……联系/接触 ____________________ 6. 组成；构成；编造；弥补 ____________________ 7. 一群（羊、鸟等） ____________________ 8. 少数；一把 ____________________ 9. 迫不及待做某事 ____________________ 10. 宾至如归；自在 ____________________ ◆中频常考 1. 以……闻名 ____________________ 2. 被视为；被看作 ____________________ 3. 是……的家园/发源地 ____________________ 4. 追溯到 ____________________ 5. 参观；拜访 ____________________ 6. 导致；通向 ____________________ 7. 在……中起作用 ____________________ 8. 捡起；学会；接收 ____________________ 9. 偶然遇见；发现 ____________________ 10. 另一方面 ____________________ ◆易混&拓展 1. 以……为特征 ____________________ 2. 富含；盛产 ____________________ 3. 富有历史底蕴 ____________________ 4. 充当；作为 ____________________ 5. 给……留下印象 ____________________ 6. 对……做研究 ____________________ 7. 少数 ____________________ 8. 旺季 ____________________ 四、单元佳句 ●写作高分佳句（仿写·景点/文化类） 1. Located on the east coast of Australia, Sydney is one of the world’s most iconic cities. 坐落于澳大利亚东海岸，悉尼是世界最具标志性城市之一。（景点介绍万能句） 2. The Sydney Opera House, a premier landmark of Australia, is known for its unique and elegant design. 悉尼歌剧院是澳大利亚顶级地标，以独特优雅的设计闻名。（be known for） 3. A visit to Australia is not complete without experiencing its stunning natural landscapes and rich cultural diversity. 不体验壮丽自然与多元文化，澳大利亚之旅便不完整。（双重否定） 4. Koalas, native to Australia, are regarded as one of the country’s most precious treasures. 考拉原产于澳大利亚，被视为该国最珍贵的瑰宝之一。（be native to） 5. With a history of over 200 years, Australia has developed a unique culture mixing Western traditions and immigrant influences. 历经200多年，澳大利亚形成了融合西方传统与移民影响的独特文化。（with复合结构） ●写作高分佳句（仿写专用） ◆英译汉 1. Located on the east coast of Australia, Sydney is one of the world’s most iconic cities. 2. The Sydney Opera House, a premier landmark of Australia, is known for its unique and elegant design. 3. A visit to Australia is not complete without experiencing its stunning natural landscapes and rich cultural diversity. 4. Koalas, native to Australia, are regarded as one of the country’s most precious treasures. 5. With a history of over 200 years, Australia has developed a unique culture mixing Western traditions and immigrant influences. ●参考答案 ◆英译汉答案 1. 悉尼坐落于澳大利亚东海岸，是世界上最具标志性的城市之一。 2. 悉尼歌剧院是澳大利亚的顶级地标，以其独特雅致的设计闻名。 3. 若没有领略壮丽的自然风光与丰富的多元文化，这场澳大利亚之旅便算不上圆满。 4. 考拉原产于澳大利亚，被视作这个国家最珍贵的瑰宝之一。 5. 历经两百余年，澳大利亚孕育出融合西方传统与移民特色的独特文化。 五、单元语法 ●核心语法：定语从句 （一）基础概念 在复合句中，修饰名词/代词的从句叫定语从句；被修饰的词叫先行词，连接主句和从句的词叫关系词。 关系词分为：关系代词 + 关系副词 （二）关系代词（that / which / who / whom / whose） 在从句中可作主语、宾语、定语 1. that - 指代人/物，限制性定语从句中可作主、宾 - 作宾语时可省略 例：It is a country that has diverse cultures.（物，作主语） 例：The people (that) we met are friendly.（人，作宾语，可省） 2. which - 只指代物，可作主、宾 - 非限制性定语从句只能用which，不能用that 例：The barbecue, which is popular here, tastes great.（非限制性，指代事物） 3. who / whom - who：指代人，作主语 - whom：指代人，作宾语（口语中常用who替代） 例：Anyone who visits Australia will love it.（人，作主语） 4. whose - 表所属关系，意为“……的”，可指人/物，作定语 例：This is the animal whose home is in the forest. ✅ 只用that，不用which的情况（高频考点） 1. 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something 等不定代词 2. 先行词被 最高级、序数词 修饰 3. 先行词被 the only, the very 等修饰 4. 先行词同时包含人+物 ✅ 只用which，不用that的情况 1. 介词后（介词 + which） 例：the house in which we live 2. 非限制性定语从句 （三）关系副词（where / when / why） 在从句中作状语，从句主干成分完整（不缺主/宾） 1. where - 先行词表地点，从句缺地点状语 含义：在……地方 例：Australia is a country where different cultures mix. 2. when - 先行词表时间，从句缺时间状语 含义：在……时候 例：I still remember the day when I arrived here. 3. why - 先行词通常只有 reason，从句缺原因状语 含义：……的原因 例：I don’t know the reason why he left. 辨析：判断用关系代词还是关系副词 把先行词代入从句，能作主/宾 → 用代词；只能作状语 → 用副词。 （四）非限制性定语从句 1. 形式：从句与主句之间用逗号隔开，去掉后主句意思依然完整 2. 功能：补充说明，不限制先行词 3. 规则： - 不能用that；不能省略关系词 - which 可指代前面整句话（本单元超级高频） 例：He loves local food, which makes him stay longer.（which指代整件事） ●单元拓展语法（填空必考搭配） 1. 分词作定语（课文高频句式） （1）过去分词作定语 表被动、状态，固定结构 be located in/on/to（坐落于） 例：Australia, located south of the equator, is beautiful. 拓展：be characterized by（以……为特征），分词形式 characterized 例：The land, characterized by special animals, attracts tourists. （2）现在分词作定语/状语 表主动、进行 例：There are many animals living in the forest.（定语） 例：The city is beautiful, attracting lots of visitors.（状语） 2. 现在完成时 标志词：since, in recent years, for decades 结构：have/has + 过去分词 例：Since I came here, I have experienced many new things. ●易错点总结（避坑） 1. 看到逗号隔开的定语从句，优先考虑 which/who，绝对不用that 2. 先行词是地点名词，从句缺主语/宾语 → 用that/which；缺状语 → 用where 错：This is the place where we visited. 对：This is the place that/which we visited.（visit缺宾语） 3.  be worth doing  主动形式表被动含义，不用to do 4.  can’t wait to do / enjoy doing  固定非谓语搭配，牢记形式 ●即时小练习（5道基础题） 用合适的关系词填空 1. This is the park ______ attracts thousands of tourists. 2. Australia is a country ______ many animals live freely. 3. He told a story, ______ made us laugh. 4. The girl ______ you met just now is a guide. 5. I don’t know the reason ______ he likes this place. 六、单元写作 写作主题：介绍景点/特色国家/地域风情（游记、景点介绍、文化风物类） 文体：说明文、书信（游记分享），高考高频应用文+书面表达 ●写作必备素材 （一）话题词汇&短语（直接套用） ◆核心词汇 iconic adj. 标志性的；grand adj. 宏伟的；unique adj. 独特的 diverse adj. 多元的；temporary adj. 短暂的；straightforward adj. 坦率的 native adj. 本土的；precious adj. 珍贵的；stunning adj. 极美的 ◆高分短语 1. be located to/in/on 坐落于 2. be referred to as 被称作 3. be native to 原产于 4. be home to 是……的栖息地/发源地 5. be famous/known for 以……闻名 6. date back to 追溯到 7. play an important part in 在……中起重要作用 8. make up 构成 9. pay a visit to 参观 10. feel at home 宾至如归 11. a flock of 一群 12. cultural diversity 文化多样性 （二）万能句型（分功能，适配不同段落） ◆开篇引入（介绍地理位置、整体印象） 1. Located ..., ... is one of the most iconic places in the world. 坐落于……，……是世界上最具标志性的地方之一。 2. I’m writing to tell you something about ..., which I visited recently. 我写信跟你分享我近期游览的……。 3. ... is often referred to as ..., and it enjoys great popularity around the world. ……常被称作……，在全球备受欢迎。 ◆主体描述（自然风光、特色动物、建筑、文化） 1. It is famous for its amazing natural scenery and special wildlife. 它以绝美的自然风光和独特的野生动物闻名。 2. Many rare animals native to this land can be seen here. 在这里能见到许多本土珍稀动物。 3. The ancient monuments here date back to hundreds of years ago. 这里的古迹可以追溯到数百年前。 4. Made up of different cultures, the country has a unique lifestyle. 多元文化交融，造就了这里独特的生活方式。 5. Local people have a straightforward attitude towards life and are very friendly. 当地人性格坦率，十分友善。 ◆结尾感悟、推荐、总结 1. I really had a wonderful time here and felt totally at home. 我在这里过得十分愉快，有种宾至如归的感觉。 2. There is nothing like this place, and it is well worth a visit. 此地独一无二，非常值得一游。 3. If you have a chance, I strongly recommend that you come here. 如果你有机会，我强烈推荐你来这里看一看。 ●常考写作题型+范文（2大类） 题型1：书信类（游记分享 · 高频考题） 写作任务 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信询问你刚刚游览的澳大利亚，请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 地理位置与整体印象； 2. 特色动物、自然景观与人文风情； 3. 你的感受与推荐。 词数：80词左右 参考范文 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 题型2：说明文（介绍一处景点/地域 · 书面表达主流） 写作任务 请你根据提示，介绍澳大利亚这座国家，内容要点： 1. 地理位置；2. 标志性动物与自然美景；3. 多元文化与人文特色；4. 总结评价。 词数：80词左右 参考范文 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ●模板（直接背诵，灵活替换） 通用模板（景点/国家介绍） ◆开头 ______, located ______, is a world-famous place. It is often referred to as ______. ◆主体 First of all, it is famous for ______. Many animals/plants native to this place can be seen here. Besides, it has rich cultural diversity. Different cultures make up its unique lifestyle and play an important part in local life. Local people are ______ (性格). ◆结尾 I believe ______ is well worth visiting. If you get a chance, do come here. ●易错点&提分技巧 1. 语法避错 - 表示“坐落于”只用 located/lying，不用locate； - 定语从句中，逗号后不用that，统一用which； -  be native to + 地点 ，介词to不可换成in。 2. 词汇升级（替换普通词） - nice → stunning / amazing 极美的 - different → diverse 多元的 - famous → iconic / well-known 知名的 - happy → have a wonderful time 过得愉快 3. 行文逻辑词（加分） First of all / Besides / What’s more / In addition / Finally 七、单句语法填空 ●基础过关（30题） ◆用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Australia, ________ (locate) south of the equator, is a beautiful country. 2. The city ________ (characterize) by its unique buildings attracts many tourists. 3. Since I came here, I ________ (learn) a lot about local culture. 4. A large number of visitors ________ (fall) in love with this iconic place so far. 5. The beautiful scenery ________ (attract) millions of people every year. 6. We all enjoyed ________ (stay) in the small town. 7. The grand building left a deep ________ (impress) on all of us. 8. We need some ________ (temporary) workers during the travel season. 9. Different cultures make the country’s life ________ (variety) and colourful. 10. Hatching eggs is not the way of ________ (mammal) to give birth. 11. The boy can’t wait ________ (visit) the local wildlife park. 12. The monument ________ (stand) on the square has a long history. 13. This kind of animal is ________ (violent), so keep away from it. 14. She is studying ________ (biology) and knows much about animals. 15. The activity ________ (sponsor) by a local company is very popular. ◆填入适当的介词、连词或关系词（无提示词） 16. People often refer to Australia ________ “down under”. 17. Koalas are native ________ Australia. 18. We keep in close contact ________ our foreign friends. 19. A flock ________ birds are flying above the forest. 20. I paid a visit ________ the famous monument last week. 21. Ancient buildings here date back ________ over 200 years. 22. Different cultures play a part ________ local people’s daily life. 23. ________ the other hand, the weather here changes greatly. 24. This is the park ________ we visited last Sunday. 25. Australia is a country ________ many special animals live. 26. He told us an interesting story, ________ made us laugh loudly. 27. I don’t know the reason ________ he refused the invitation. 28. The man ________ is standing there is a local guide. 29. I agree ________ what you said about this place. 30. The hotel has no enough capacity ________ so many guests. ●能力提升（20题） 1. The instrument, ________ (hollow) inside, can make wonderful sounds. 2. The ________ (frequent) of earthquakes here is very low. 3. Several ________ (phase) of the animal’s life are being studied by scientists. 4. I find it comfortable ________ (live) in such a multicultural place. 5. The little bird ________ (hatch) out of the egg looks lovely. 6. This is the very museum ________ we visited last year. 7. All ________ you need to do is to enjoy your trip here. 8. The house in ________ we lived used to be a bakery. 9. I will never forget the days ________ we stayed together in Australia. 10. The girl, ________ bag is full of local snacks, comes from Canada. 11. The old man works ________ a volunteer in the tourist area. 12. A handful ________ students took part in the outdoor activity. 13. The land is rich ________ plants and rare animals. 14. After ________ (experience) different cultures, I learned a lot. 15. The session ________ (hold) yesterday was about wildlife protection. 16. It is said ________ this slogan is known all over the world. 17. They major ________ Australian culture in college. 18. The river, ________ runs through the city, is very clear. 19. We felt ________ home soon after we arrived here. 20. The problem ________ they talked about just now is easy to solve. 选择性必修四Unit3 Sea Exploration 1、 核心单词 ●英译汉 1. tale /teɪl/ _______________ 2. merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/ _______________ 3. extend /ɪkˈstend/ _______________ 4. negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ _______________ 5. fleet /fliːt/ _______________ 6. behold /bɪˈhəʊld/ _______________ 7. league /liːɡ/ _______________ 8. royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ _______________ 9. withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ _______________ 10. channel /ˈtʃænl/ _______________ 11. maritime /ˈmærɪtaɪm/ _______________ 12. bond /bɒnd/ _______________ 13. politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ _______________ 14. profession /prəˈfeʃn/ _______________ 15. spice /spaɪs/ _______________ ●汉译英 1. 故事；叙述 _______________ 2. 商人；批发商；海上货运的 _______________ 3. 扩展；延长；延伸 _______________ 4. 谈判；商定；达成协议 _______________ 5. 舰队；机群；车队 _______________ 6. 看；看见 _______________ 7. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛 _______________ 8. 皇家的；王室的；高贵的 _______________ 9. 撤回；撤离 _______________ 10. 航道；海峡；频道 _______________ 11. 海的；海运的；海事的 _______________ 12. 纽带；关系；增强信任；使结合 _______________ 13. 政治；政治观点 _______________ 14. 职业；专业 _______________ 15. 香料；调味品 _______________ 二、单词拓展 1. extend（v. 扩展） - __________ n. 延伸；扩大；分机 - _________ adj. 广泛的；大量的 2. negotiate（v. 谈判） -__________ n. 谈判；协商 -__________ adj. 可协商的 3. royal（adj. 皇家的） -__________ n. 王室成员；版税 4. applaud（v. 鼓掌；称赞） -__________ n. 掌声；喝彩 5. coverage（n. 新闻报道） - __________ v. 报道；覆盖；包括 6. exploration（n. 探索） -__________ v. 探索；勘探 - __________ n. 探险家 7. navigation（n. 航海；导航） - __________ v. 导航；航行 - __________ n. 航海家；导航员 ●词性转换（高考高频） 英译汉+变形默写 1. extend (v.) 扩展；延伸 extension (n.) _______________ extensive (adj.) _______________ 2. negotiate (v.) 谈判；协商 negotiation (n.) _______________ negotiable (adj.) _______________ 3. royal (adj.) 皇家的 royalty (n.) _______________ 4. applaud (v.) 鼓掌；称赞 applause (n.) _______________ 5. cover (v.) 覆盖；报道 coverage (n.) _______________ 6. explore (v.) 探索 exploration (n.) _______________ explorer (n.) _______________ 7. navigate (v.) 航行；导航 navigation (n.) _______________ navigator (n.) _______________ 三、单元重点短语 1. set sail (for) __________ 2. in return for __________ 3. withdraw from __________ 4. under the command of __________ 5. extend deadline __________ 6. negotiate with sb. about sth. __________ 7. under negotiation __________ 8. withdraw from competition __________ 9. cover the cost __________ 10. applaud sb. for sth. __________ 11. form the foundation of __________ 12. find one’s way to __________ 13. be known as __________ 14. centre around __________ 15.  in return for __________ ●词性转换 1. extend (v.) → ________ (n. 延伸；扩展) 2. negotiate (v.) → ________ (n. 谈判；协商) 3. royal (adj.) → ________ (n. 王室；版税) 4. spice (n.) → ________ (adj. 辛辣的；加香料的) 5. withdraw (v.) → ________ (n. 撤回；取款) 6. aware (adj.) → ________ (n. 意识；认识) 五、单元佳句 ●写作金句 1. The sea, as a witness of history, has linked civilizations and shaped the world we live in. 海洋是历史的见证者，联结文明，塑造我们的世界。 2. Sea exploration is not only about discovering new lands, but also about understanding our planet and ourselves. 海洋探索，不止为发现新大陆，更为读懂地球与人类自身。 3. With courage and wisdom, humans have always dared to explore the unknown, and the sea is no exception. 人类凭勇气与智慧，永敢探索未知，海洋亦如此。 4. Protecting marine ecosystems is essential for sustainable development and the future of humanity. 保护海洋生态，是人类可持续发展与未来的关键。 5. The bonds between countries, forged by trade and mutual respect, grow stronger across the vast ocean. 贸易与互信铸就的国家纽带，跨越沧海，愈发坚韧。 ●写作高分句（话题仿写专用，海洋/探索/文化交流） 1. The sea connects different civilizations and strengthens the bond between countries. 海洋联结不同文明，加固各国之间的纽带。 2. Sea exploration shows human courage and wisdom in exploring the unknown world. 海洋探索彰显了人类探索未知的勇气与智慧。 3. Protecting marine ecosystems is a shared responsibility of all mankind. 保护海洋生态系统，是全人类共同的责任。 4. The ancient trading routes have witnessed frequent cultural exchanges for centuries. 古老的贸易航路，数百年间见证了频繁的文化交流。 5. The ocean is a treasure house of rich natural resources, which is worthy of our careful protection. 海洋是蕴藏丰富自然资源的宝库，值得我们用心守护。 五、单元语法 ●分类型精讲（连词+用法+例句+考点） （一）让步状语从句（单元最高频） 表示“虽然、尽管、即使”，从句与主句语义相反。 1. 核心连词 ◆although / though 虽然，尽管（最常用） - 用法：不能与 but 连用，但可和 yet/still 连用 - 位置：可放句首/句中 - 例句： Although China withdrew from further exploration, the voyages were great achievements. 尽管中国停止了后续探索，这些航行仍是伟大的成就。 ◆even though / even if 即使，纵然（语气更强，表假设/事实） 例句： Even though oceans cover most of the earth, much remains unexplored. 尽管海洋占据地球大部分面积，仍有大片区域未被探索。 ◆while 虽然（多放句首） 提示：while 放句中常表“当……时”，句首多表让步 例句： While we explore the ocean, we must protect it. 虽然我们探索海洋，但也必须保护它。 🔴 必考易错点 although/though 和 but 二选一，绝对不能同时出现 错：Although he is tired, but he keeps working. 对：Although he is tired, he keeps working. （二）原因状语从句 表原因，高频连词：because, since, as 1. because 因为（语气最强，表直接原因，回答 why 提问） 例句：Many corals are dying because ocean temperatures are rising. 许多珊瑚走向消亡，因为海水温度不断升高。 2. since 既然；由于（侧重显而易见的原因，常放句首） 例句：Since trade developed, more people began to sail across the sea. 由于贸易发展，更多人开始出海远航。 3. as 由于（语气最弱，书面常用） 4. 单元固定搭配 due to（介词短语，后接名词/代词，不接从句） - 辨析： ✅ 接句子：because + 从句 ✅ 接名词：due to + 名词/动名词 例句：Coral bleaching is due to high temperatures.（接名词） （三）结果状语从句 表“因此、以至于”，两大核心结构 1. so ... that ... 如此……以至于…… 结构： so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句 例句：The fleets were so amazing that they were in a league of their own. 这支船队气势磅礴，无人能及。 2. such ... that ... 如此……以至于…… 结构： such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that 从句 例句：It is such a great voyage that people still talk about it today. so / such 区分口诀 名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so （many/much/few/little 前一律用 so） （四）时间状语从句 1. when 当……时候（可指长/短动作） 2. as 一边……一边；随着（强调同步发生） 例句：As time went by, the trade routes became busier. 随着时间流逝，贸易航线愈发繁忙。 3. before 在……之前；还未……就 4. after 在……之后 （五）条件状语从句 连词：if, as long as（只要） 时态规则：主将从现 主句将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。 例句：As long as we protect the ocean, it will serve us well. 只要我们保护海洋，它就会造福人类。 ●单元重点特殊句式 1. Only + 状语 + 部分倒装（课文原句） Only by balancing exploration and protection can we ensure sustainable development. 译文：唯有平衡探索与保护，我们才能实现可持续发展。 规则：Only + 状语（副词/介词短语/状语从句）置于句首，主句用部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提到主语前）。 2. 现在分词作结果状语（高频考点） 逗号后 doing 表自然而然的结果 例句：The Jiaolong dived deep into the sea, making China a deep-sea exploration power. “蛟龙”号深潜海底，使中国成为深海探索强国。 3. 定语从句 which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整件事 例句：Merchants negotiated trade deals, which promoted cultural communication. ●单句语法填空（当堂练习+答案解析） 1. ________ the task was difficult, they finished it successfully. 2. He didn’t go sailing ________ the weather was terrible. 3. The sea is ________ beautiful ________ many tourists come to visit it. 4. We must protect marine life ________ we explore the ocean. 5. You will succeed ________ you keep trying. 6. ________ time passes, people know more about the ocean. 7. It is ________ an interesting story ________ everyone likes it. 8. Many species are ________ risk of extinction ________ pollution and overfishing. ●易错点汇总（考试避坑） 1. 让步从句：although/though 不与 but 连用，二选一 2. 原因表达： - because + 完整句子 - due to + 名词/动名词（不能接从句） 3. so / such 严格区分结构 4. Only 放句首修饰状语，主句部分倒装 5. while 句首表“虽然”，句中常表“当……时”，注意区分语 六、单元写作 ●写作主题：海洋探索、海洋保护、中外航海交流、倡议书/书信/说明文 核心文体：建议信、观点类短文、倡议书（高考高频题型） 核心考点：本单元词汇、短语、状语从句、倒装句、非谓语动词等语法，贴合课文话题 ●万能功能句型 ◆开篇引入（介绍话题/背景） 1. The ocean covers most of the earth’s surface and is of great importance to humans. 海洋占据地球大部分面积，对人类至关重要。 2. Sea exploration has a long history and connects different civilizations. 海洋探索历史悠久，联通了不同文明。 3. Nowadays, the ocean is facing serious environmental problems. 如今，海洋正面临严峻的环境问题。 ◆主体论述（历史/现状/问题） 1. Ancient voyages promoted trade and cultural exchange between countries. 古代航海促进了各国的贸易与文化交流。 2. Although we have made great progress in ocean exploration, many problems appear. 虽然我们在海洋探索上取得巨大进步，但诸多问题也随之而来。 3. Plastic pollution and overfishing are destroying marine ecosystems. 塑料污染与过度捕捞正在破坏海洋生态系统。 4. Many marine species are dying out due to rising sea temperatures. 由于海水升温，许多海洋物种濒临灭绝。 ◆建议/结尾（提出举措、总结升华） 1. We should explore the ocean wisely and protect it at the same time. 我们应当合理探索海洋，同时加以保护。 2. Only by joint efforts can we realize the sustainable development of the ocean. 唯有共同努力，才能实现海洋的可持续发展。 3. It is everyone’s duty to guard our home — the blue ocean. 守护蓝色海洋家园，是每个人的责任。 ●常考题型+范文（3类高频考题） ◆题型1：书信（建议信 · 模拟考题） 假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Tom对海洋探索很感兴趣，来信询问当代海洋现状，并希望你给出保护海洋的建议。请你写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 海洋的价值； 2. 目前海洋面临的问题； 3. 你的建议。 词数：80词左右 参考范文 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ◆题型2：说明文（介绍航海历史与海洋探索） 请根据提示写一篇短文，介绍中国古代航海成就与如今的海洋探索，内容要点： 1. 古代：郑和下西洋，促进贸易与文化交流； 2. 现代：深海技术发展，探索海洋奥秘； 3. 感悟：探索与保护并重。 词数：80词左右 参考范文 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 亮点解析 1. 句式：While 引导让步状语从句；Only+状语 部分倒装（单元重点特殊句式） 2. 词汇：maritime exploration, set sail, deep-sea exploration, sustainable development ◆题型3：倡议书（书面表达热点） 学校英文报社发起“保护海洋”倡议，请你写一篇英文倡议书，呼吁同学们行动起来保护海洋。内容包括： 1. 海洋的重要性； 2. 现存问题； 3. 倡议内容。 词数：80词左右 参考范文 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ●通用写作模板（灵活套用） ◆模板1：观点/建议类短文 The ocean is very important to humans. ________（介绍价值）. However, it faces many problems. ________（列举问题：污染、物种濒危等）. Although we keep exploring the ocean, we must realize the importance of protection. We should ________（具体建议）. Only by doing so can we enjoy a better future. ◆模板2：书信通用框架 Dear ______, Nice to hear from you. I’m writing to tell you something about ________. First of all, ________. Besides, ________. Now there are some serious problems, such as ________. In my opinion, we should ________. I hope my ideas will be helpful to you. Yours, 七、单句语法填空 ●基础过关 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Trade and curiosity ________ (form) the foundation of human exploration since ancient times. 2. The road ________ (extend) to the faraway sea looks very beautiful. 3. They held talks and ________ (negotiate) trade deals successfully last year. 4. The old man ________ (withdraw) from public life two years ago. 5. We should pay attention to the ________ (aware) of protecting marine life. 6. This kind of food is full of ________ (spice) and tastes hot. 7. The ________ (explore) have made many new discoveries in the deep sea. 8. The film was so moving that all the audience burst into ________ (applaud). 9. Ocean ________ (exploit) must be controlled properly. 10. Many sea animals are at risk of ________ (extinct) now. 11. Under the command of Zheng He, the fleets ________ (set) sail hundreds of years ago. 12. The new policy makes ________ (we) realize the importance of ocean protection. 13. ________ (see) from the ship, the sea looks endless. 14. The activity ________ (organize) by the royal family attracted lots of people. 15. He is a teacher by ________ (profession). 填入适当连词、介词、关系词（无提示词） 16. Silk found its way to Rome along ________ became known as the Silk Road. 17. The trade route was centred ________ Ceylon in ancient times. 18. The two sides talked a lot ________ they reached an agreement. 19. ________ it is difficult to explore the deep sea, humans never give up. 20. Many gifts were sent ________ return for gold and silk. 21. The ocean is ________ beautiful ________ thousands of tourists come here every year. 22. It is ________ an amazing voyage ________ people still talk about it today. 23. Many corals are dying ________ to rising ocean temperatures. 24. We must balance exploration ________ protection of the ocean. 25. Only ________ joint efforts can we achieve sustainable development. 26. This is the fleet ________ sailed to Africa long ago. 27. He didn’t go sailing ________ the weather was terrible. 28. ________ time goes by, people know more about the ocean. 29. You will succeed ________ you keep trying your best. 30. Many species are ________ risk of extinction now. ●能力提升 1. The long voyage ________ (leave) us a deep impression is well-known worldwide. 2. After ________ (negotiate) for hours, they finally reached a deal. 3. He has decided ________ (withdraw) from the competition next week. 4. The ________ (extend) of the trade route promoted cultural exchange. 5. ________ (realize) the importance of protection, we take action immediately. 6. Only then ________ we realize how important the ocean is. 7. ________ he has rich experience, he still keeps learning. 8. The reason ________ he loves sea exploration is that he is curious about nature. 9. The house ________ we once lived is near the sea. 10. Plastic pollution is one of the main reasons ________ marine ecosystems are damaged. 11. The man ________ is standing on the ship is a famous explorer. 12. All ________ we need to do is to protect our marine home. 13. This is the very book ________ tells stories about Zheng He’s voyages. 14. He works ________ a guide on the passenger ship. 15. A large fleet ________ ships set sail early in the morning. 16. The two countries built a close bond ________ each other. 17. ________ long a journey it was, they never felt tired. 18. We won’t start the trip ________ everything is ready. 19. He is ________ busy ________ he has no time to go to the sea. 20. The project, ________ was supported by the government, went well. 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $