必修第3册 课时达标(18) Unit 4(Word练习)-【状元桥】2026高考英语一轮总复习（人教版 新教材）

课时达标(十八)|UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION Ⅰ.阅读理解 Instant Expert: Wonders of Space Saturday 17th July, 10a.m.—5p.m.| Cavendish Conference Centre, London Join us for a day of exploring the wonders of outer space with six leading scientists.You will start where everything began, at the Big Bang.Throughout the day, you will hear about everything from the exploration to find life on Mars to the discovery of liveable planets outside our solar system. Who should attend? Anyone interested in the mysteries of space, whatever your age or background.Whether you're a scientist, a student or simply an attracted human being, our event offers the chance to learn directly from the experts at our one-day masterclass. Benefits of attending： ·Open your mind and be inspired. ·Talk with like-minded people through informal set-up. ·Meet our six speakers and ask your burning questions. What's included in your ticket： ·In-depth and interesting talks from six leading scientists. ·Buffet lunch, plus morning and afternoon drinks and snacks. ·An Instant Expert certificate provided by event organizers. Booking information： We will email you your ticket immediately after purchase.Please remember to bring your ticket with you as you'll need it to gain entry.We can scan(扫描) tickets from a printout, or off the screen of a phone. A limited number of discounted early bird tickets priced at ￡129 will be offered, saving ￡20.These tickets can be bought by clicking the following green “Buy” button if still available. 语篇类型：应用文　主题语境：人与自然——宇宙探索 语篇导读：本文介绍了一场关于太空奇迹的会议，包括进行演讲的科学家、与会人员以及如何预订票等相关信息。 (　　)1.Who is the event intended for? A．Science students. B．Space fans. C．Leading scientists. D．Research experts. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Who should attend？部分可知，所有的太空迷都可以参加这次会议，故选B项。 (　　)2.What can participants expect from the event? A．Free meals throughout the day. B．Certificates from famous schools. C．Gatherings with event organizers. D．Face-to-face meetings with scientists. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Benefits of attending部分第三点可知，与会者可以拥有与科学家们面对面交流的机会，故选D项。 (　　)3.What should people do if they want to save money? A．Buy tickets quickly. B．Choose digital tickets. C．Reserve tickets online. D．Print tickets in advance. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可推知，想要省钱可以尽快购买早鸟票，故选A项。 Shenzhou ⅩⅤ astronauts moved into the Tiangong space station on Nov.30 as they started their six-month stay.The station orbits Earth in about 90 minutes at an altitude of 400 kilometers.The temperature changes greatly, ranging from 150℃ when the station is exposed to the sun to －100℃ when over the night side of the planet. On Earth, we have heating systems or air-conditioners at home to keep us warm.In Tiangong, what do they have? The answer lies in the designs of thermal(热量的) control system by the China Academy of Space Technology. The fluid loop(流体回路), with liquid circulating(循环) through its pipes, is one of the technologies used. “Just like the blood vessels(血管) in the human body, the loop pipes run all over the station modules(舱)，” Huang Lei, one of the designers of the system, told Xinhua, “They maintain a temperature balance by removing heat from the parts that tend to overheat and adding heat to other components that tend to get cold，” Huang added. For the material outside, scientists have developed a silver-colored metallic-based coating to keep a balance between the deep freeze of space and the sun's heat.It is similar to coating the spaceship with “sunscreen”． The coating can not only absorb less solar energy but also block heat release from the inside.Being able to do this double-duty job, the coating keeps the environment inside between 18 and 26℃， allowing astronauts to stay comfortable in their orbiting home.It was first used on the Shenzhou  spaceship, which was launched on Oct 16, 2021. Cargo(货物) spacecraft adopt another kind of design—multilayer insulation(多层隔热组件)．For example, the Tianzhou 4's cargo cabin was given a gray-colored material to absorb more sunlight for human activities.Another part that was filled with equipment was painted with a white material to cool off. 语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——宇宙探索 语篇导读：本文主要解释了天宫空间站是如何维持内部温度平衡的。 (　　)4.What can we learn about the Tiangong space station from the first two paragraphs? A．It orbits the sun at a high speed. B．It is about 150 kilometers away from Earth. C．It has a heating system to keep warm. D．It goes through sharp temperature changes. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段末句可知，天宫空间站经历了剧烈的温度变化，故选D项。 (　　)5.What is the main function of the loop pipes? A．Supplying energy. B．Balancing temperature. C．Reducing pressure. D．Controlling speed. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，环管就像人体内的血管一样，遍布空间站的各个模块，通过帮助过热的部件散热以及向容易变冷的部件添加热量来保持温度平衡，故选B项。 (　　)6.How does the silver-colored metallic-based coating work? A．By reflecting all the sunlight. B．By producing and releasing heat. C．By changing the sun's heat into power. D．By absorbing heat and preventing heat loss. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段首句可知，这种银色的金属基涂层可以吸收热量以及防止热量散失，故选D项。 (　　)7.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The launch of a cargo spacecraft. B．A new recently designed spacecraft. C．Other materials used outside the cargo spacecraft. D．The difference of Tianzhou 4's cargo cabin. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。最后一段主要介绍了天舟四号的货舱外部使用的其他用来隔热的材料，故选C项。 The moon's permanently shadowed areas, nearly 384,000 kilometers away from home, are the closest water source outside the earth.The craters have been dark since billions of years ago.But now with student-developed technologies, more about them can be discovered. Through the competitive Breakthrough, Innovative and Game-changing (BIG) Idea Challenge and the Space Grant Project, NASA has awarded nearly $1 million to eight university teams.They will build sample lunar payloads and demonstrate innovative ways to study the moon's darkest areas. “It's an exciting time for NASA and students across the country，” said Drew J．Hope, Program Manager of Game Changing Development program.“Thanks to our partnership with the Office of STEM Engagement, this is the most money NASA has awarded in a student challenge directly connected to Artemis.” The chosen teams will work out ways to gather data in and around the craters, generate wireless power for future infrastructure, and enable autonomous mobility even in the most extreme environments.The research results could benefit NASA's Artemis program and be used to study the moon ahead of a human landing in 2024 or help establish a sustained presence by 2028.Each team will receive different amounts of grants, based on the concept and budget they propose.They will develop and test the technologies in simulated environments with the awards during the following 10 months, showing they are prepared for a possible lunar mission as early as 2023.Then in November 2020, a panel of NASA and industry experts will examine the team's research and development results at a face-to-face design review. “One of the most exciting things about this challenge is that several of the concepts, if proven to be viable as a result of these awards, could eventually be integrated and operated together on the surface of the moon，” according to Chad Rowe, Acting Manager of Space Grant Project.“These students are part of the Artemis generation and they are helping fulfill NASA's mission needs today, while developing relevant hands-on experience that will prepare them for aerospace careers after graduation.” 语篇类型：新闻报道　主题语境：人与自然——宇宙探索 语篇导读：美国航天局选出了8个大学的团队，提供资金和奖励，辅助美国航天局进行对月球暗面的探索。 (　　)8.What can we know from paragraph 1? A．The moon can't serve as a water source for us. B．Some students are working in NASA. C．The moon is the only water source outside the earth. D．We can explore more about the moon. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，人类对月球的探索还没有停止，有了科学技术，我们可以更深入地对月球进行研究，故选D项。 (　　)9.Why did NASA award those eight university teams? A．Because they stood out in a challenge and a project. B．Because they demonstrated technologies to study the moon. C．Because they explored the mystery of space. D．Because they challenged NASA's Artemis program. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，这八支队伍是经过了一系列竞争很大的竞赛从而脱颖而出并进行后续研究的，故选A项。 (　　)10.What will the chosen teams work out according to paragraph 4? A．The way to create WIFI on the moon for future use. B．The way to ensure autonomous mobility can be used in space. C．The way to examine the research and results face to face. D．The way to collect information and statistics of the moon. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，这些队伍的其中一个研发方向就是寻找收集月球数据的方法，故选D项。 (　　)11.According to Chad Rowe, what benefit can the students get from the project? A．They can land on the moon. B．They can get money while doing the job. C．They can gain experience for their future careers. D．They can work in NASA after graduation. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Chad Rowe 所说的可推断，这个项目可以为学生们积累以后的职业生涯所需要的经验，故选C项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 When you look up at the bright stars in the nighttime sky, do you wonder what's out there? Of course, your science teachers have taught you that there are stars, planets, and entire galaxies out there. 1．____________ Man has walked on the Moon, but the Moon is fairly close to Earth when you're talking about outer space.How do scientists study the far reaches of the universe? Over the course of history, man has developed amazing technology to help us see beyond our own planet into the vastness of our galaxy and even way beyond.2.____________ 3．____________ Using lenses and mirrors to see beyond Earth's borders, telescopes gave scientists their first glimpse of what exists beyond Earth's atmosphere. What scientists were able to learn with telescopes paved the way for manned space exploration.From trips to the Moon to dozens of manned space shuttle flights, teams of humans were able to travel in space and conduct research on a variety of scientific subjects.4.____________ The more we learn about outer space, the more we realize how much more there is to explore.This has led scientists to develop even more powerful tools to help them explore the way beyond the places we can go as humans. For example, the telescope is no longer an Earth-bound instrument.In 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into outer space.5.____________ With many different cameras and types of scientific instruments, it has provided scientists with invaluable data. A．Who tells us about it? B．But how do we know this? C．Scientists have always been curious. D．It's a piece of technology that's powered by sunlight. E．It's a tool for scientists to explore the universe without difficulty. F．One of the earliest tools for space exploration was the telescope. G．This technology takes the form of some impressive machines and tools. 语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——宇宙探索 语篇导读：本文主要介绍了科学家们是如何探索太阳系的，以及科学技术手段的发展。 1．答案　B 解析　递进关系。上文指出，老师已经教过我们有关宇宙的知识，设空处承上启下，下文表达作者对科学家们如何研究遥远的宇宙十分感兴趣，想弄明白我们是如何得知有关宇宙的知识。B项承上启下，故选B项。 2．答案　G 解析　顺承关系。上一句指出，随着科技的发展，已经有技术可以让我们了解宇宙，甚至更远的地方。G项(这项技术采用了一些令人印象深刻的机器和工具的形式)承接上文，符合文意，且G项中的technology与上文一致，故选G项。 3．答案　F 解析　顺承关系。下一句指出望远镜的大用途，可以让我们了解宇宙。F项(最早的太空探索工具之一是望远镜)引出下文，符合段意，且F项中的telescope与下文一致，故选F项。 4．答案　C 解析　解释关系。通过上下文可知，对于地球之外的外太空，人类一直在研究探索，并且了解得越多，就越想探索更多。空处指出科学家们探索外太空的原因之一，故选C项。 5．答案　D 解析　顺承关系。通过上文可推知，哈勃太空望远镜在外太空中无法使用电，只能依靠太阳能运行。D项(这是一项由阳光提供动力的技术)承接上文，进一步解释说明了哈勃太空望远镜的工作原理，故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$