必修第2册 课时达标(12) Unit 4(Word练习)-【状元桥】2026高考英语一轮总复习（人教版 新教材）

课时达标(十二)|UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS Ⅰ.阅读理解 Not long ago, Linda Khan was sitting by a hospital bed in Houston, feeling ill at ease.Beside her lay her father who needed heart surgery.The two of them had engaged in nothing but depressing small talk.Then, her eyes fell on a pile of books.She picked up one, and started to read it out loud.“Right away it changed the mood and atmosphere.” she says.Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father.Listening allowed the father to travel on the sound of his daughter's voice into a place where he felt himself again.“From then on，” Khan says, “I always read to him.” In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize.The survey authors owed these improvements in large part to the “rich, varied diet of serious literature” that group members consumed, with fiction encouraging feelings of relaxation and calm, poetry fostering focused concentration, and narratives giving rise to cognitive(认知的) thoughts, feelings, and memories.In truth, almost any kind of reading to another person can be beneficial. Readers get rewards too.For Neil Bush, the late-life hospitalization of his famous parents, George H．W.and Barbara Bush, became opportunities to repay a debt of gratitude.“When I was a kid, they would read to me，” he said.With his parents in and out of care, “We've been reading books about Dad's foreign policy and, more recently, Mom's autobiography.” Bush went on, his voice thick with emotion, “And to read their amazing life to them has been a remarkable blessing to me, personally, as their son.” To many people, reading to parents may seem so far outside the normal range of regular activities, and it may even feel odd and improper.However, there are still many people who brave the momentary strangeness of reading to elderly adults and both readers and listeners are, to borrow a phrase from Wordsworth, surprised by the joy of it. 语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——家庭生活 语篇导读：本文以Linda通过给住院的父亲读书，从而找到了与父亲建立联系的方法为引子，介绍了读书给别人听的各种好处，并鼓励年轻人读书给老人听。 (　　)1.What did reading offer to Linda and her father? A．A way to establish a bond.　 B．A way to travel together in reality. C．A way to treat the disease. D．A way to engage in learning. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第三句可知，阅读成了Linda和她的父亲之间建立亲密关系的一种方式，故选A项。 (　　)2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Improvements in mental health. B．Benefits of reading to others. C．Changes in the cognitive process. D．Development of social skills. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。通读第二段可知，该段第一句为主旨句，再结合该段尾句可知，该段主要陈述了给其他人阅读的好处，故选B项。 (　　)3.What does Neil Bush's experience prove? A．Reading benefits more than the listener. B．Parents should read more to their kids. C．Children should show their gratitude. D．Reading to parents is children's duty. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，给他人阅读的一方也会有所收获；根据第三段尾句可知，能够给父母读他们的人生经历对他来说也是一件幸事。据此判断，不仅仅是倾听者，读的一方也能从阅读中获益，故选A项。 (　　)4.How does the author feel about reading to an elderly adult? A．Improper and odd. B．Abnormal but worthy. C．Rewarding and joyful. D．Interesting but unnecessary. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据第三段第一句可知，读的一方在阅读时会得到回报；再根据尾段尾句中的the joy of it可知，为年迈的人阅读会令人愉快，故选C项。 Veronica Vorobet learned about caring for people in her home country of Romania by nursing her grandparents.In 2013, after their deaths, she moved to England to find a job using the freedom provided by EU(European Union) membership. Vorobet, 36, is one of a quarter of a million care workers who are not UK citizens, a rising percentage of whom have come from the EU in recent years.They have become an essential part of a low-paid workforce that is constantly understaffed(人员不足的), with about 120,000 unoccupied positions. Yesterday, she expressed disappointment with the announcement that there would be no special treatment for carers coming into the UK after Brexit—British exit from the EU. “I want to see people treated the way I want to be treated and to make a difference in people's lives, making a feeling of home for everyone，” she told The Guardian.“The foreign workers are important in this.They are able to work under a lot of stress and long hours.In my country we are very close to our elderly people and that is what we show here.We try to be close to them and respect their wishes.” She said her approach was to treat residents as if they were her own grandparents and provide similar levels of “support and love”．When she arrived in the UK, Vorobet started as a junior care worker on minimum wages in a home for older people in Petersfield, Hampshire.Seven years on and having studied for an NVQ in health and social care, she is a deputy(副职) care manager at St Anthony's residential care home in Watford, part of RMD Care.There she works alongside other Romanian people, and care workers from India, Sri Lanka and Kenya. Her most recent trial has been keeping coronavirus(冠状病毒) out of the home, so far successfully.She said that given the difficulty of taking on care workers, European workers have helped create stability in the workforce.The staff turnover in adult social care currently stands at about 30% a year. “The government should do their research and find out who does these jobs and understand the risk of taking this decision.The risk is that there won't be enough staff to look after the people in need，” she said. 语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——社会热点问题 语篇导读：本文通过介绍一位女护工的经历，向我们描述了外国护理人员当前在英国的现实情况。 (　　)5.Why does the author mention “with about 120,000 unoccupied positions” in paragraph 2? A．To predict the future workforce in the UK. B．To highlight the current situation of the UK. C．To show the importance of foreign carers in the UK. D．To reveal foreign carers' determination to stay in the UK. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，此处说明了在英国外国护理人员的重要性，提到12万空置职位是为了佐证这一点，故选C项。 (　　)6.What does Vorobet think of foreign carers in the UK? A．They are hardworking and considerate. B．They are unwilling to work with low pay. C．They work at the risk of being physically abused. D．They have to leave their countries to seek a fortune. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的They are able to…respect their wishes可知，Vorobet认为在英国的外国护理人员工作努力，对照顾对象体贴周到，故选A项。 (　　)7.What does the underlined part “this decision” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The decision that European workers must be fired soon. B．The decision that foreign carers will be treated with low pay. C．The decision that foreign carers in the UK will be given no particular treatment. D．The decision that the British government bans European workers from finding jobs in the UK. 答案　C 解析　指代猜测题。根据尾段及第三段可知，英国政府决定在脱离欧盟以后，不再特别对待外国护理人员，故选C项。 (　　)8.What's the main purpose of this passage? A．To introduce Vorobet, a woman from the UK. B．To present the current situation of foreign carers in the UK. C．To reveal the problems of the UK after Brexit. D．To predict the future workforce in the UK. 答案　B 解析　写作意图题。结合全文可知，本文以Vorobet，一个在英国工作的罗马尼亚护理人员的故事介绍了外国护理人员当前在英国的情况，故选B项。 【熟词生义】quarter(Para.2，Line 1)常用义：n.四分之一；十五分钟 文章义：n.个人 例：The news was greeted with dismay in some quarters.有一部分人对这条消息感到泄气。 In his first year at Harvard, Manny Medrano made a big breakthrough.With the help of his professor Gary Urton.Medrano interpreted a set of six khipus, knotted cord(打结的绳子) used for record keeping in the Inca Empire(印加帝国)． The Inca Empire reached the height of its power in 15th- and 16th-century Peru(秘鲁)．When the Spanish arrived, the Inca had established the largest and most complex society in the Americas, but they left behind no written records.The only ones the Inca are known to have kept are in the form of khipus.In 2002, Urton began Harvard's Khipu Database Project.He traveled to museums around the world to record the numbers of knots, lengths of cords, colors of fibers, and other details about every Inca khipu he could find. Urton says he and other researchers in the field have always had a general sense of what the khipus represented.Many had to do with census(人口普查) data.Others appeared to be calendar systems.But, until recently, none of the khipus Urton studied could be understood on a very detailed level. A turning point came when Urton began looking into a set of six khipus from the 17th-century Santa River Valley region of Northwest Peru.One day, Urton picked up a book and happened to spot a Spanish census document from the same region and time period.“A lot of the numbers that were recorded in that census record matched those six khipus exactly，” Urton says.Then he couldn't help mentioning it to his students.Medrano, who was among these students, asked if he could help during spring break. Urton agreed to allow Medrano to look into the Santa Valley khipus and the Spanish census.Medrano recalls looking through spreadsheets in Microsoft Excel.He noticed that the way each cord was tied onto the khipu seemed to correspond to(符合， 对应) the social status(地位) of the 132 people recorded in the census document.The colors of the strings also appeared to be related to the people's first names.After spring break, Medrano told his professor about his theories.Medrano worked with Urton over the next several months and the two wrote a paper together. 语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化 语篇导读：本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的一名学生发现了绳结隐藏的秘密。 (　　)9.Why did Urton travel to museums around the world? A．To gather data for a project. B．To learn how to make khipus. C．To help Peru connect with the world. D．To collect khipus as one of his hobbies. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段末句可知，Urton去世界各地的博物馆是为项目收集数据，故选A项。 (　　)10.How did Urton probably feel after seeing the Spanish census document? A．Excited. B．Puzzled. C．Grateful. D．Relieved. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句可推断，Urton看到西班牙的人口普查文件后感到很兴奋，故选A项。 (　　)11.What did Medrano find out about the khipus? A．Local people's first names came from Spanish. B．The colors of the strings tended to be the same. C．How a cord was made differed in every period. D．How a cord was tied was related to one's social status. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知，Medrano发现了如何系绳子与一个人的社会地位有关，故选D项。 (　　)12.What is the main idea of the text? A．The Inca Empire had a long history. B．The Inca Empire was a complex society. C．A student assisted his professor in a technical paper. D．A student uncovered the hidden secret of knotted cords. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的一名学生发现了绳结隐藏的秘密，故选D项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 For centuries, generations of clothing designers and garment makers in China have been devoted to building the “Garment Kingdom”， making the garments an important component of Chinese culture. ◆Origin of Chinese clothing In primitive society, the Chinese lived in caves.To keep warm, they covered themselves with natural materials like leaves, grasses and animal furs. About 18,000 years ago, the Chinese invented sewing.Animal skins were cut to fit the human body using sharpened stone and bone tools and then sewn together using bone needles.1. . ◆2. Chinese rules of etiquette regarding garments and ornaments started taking shape in the Zhou Dynasty.During the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, the idea of fashion reached new heights.Qin Shihuang established many social systems, including that of uniforms to distinguish people's ranks and social positions.In the Tang dynasty, clothing was more varied than before because the state was more open to the outside world.3. .They were allowed to expose their arms and back and wear dresses that absorbed elements from other cultures.They could wear men's riding garments if they liked.Casual wear appeared during the Song Dynasty and during the Yuan Dynasty, the simple and unadorned style of clothing was mainly a combination of Mongolian and Han influences.Dramatic changes took place during the Ming Dynasty.There was no limitation to one style and natural beauty was advocated, 4. .However, during the Qing Dynasty, clothes became elegant and poised (威严的)． 5． .There appeared the qipao, Chinese tunic suit, student uniform, Lenin-style suit, Russian dress, miniskirt, punk(怪异服装) and T-shirt. Today, some people in China follow world fashion, but individuality has become the main trend.More and more people can enjoy beautiful fashions with traditional features and the modern chic. A．it influenced people's lives B．Development of clothing C．Chinese garments of the 20th century ranged greatly in style D．thus bringing vigor(活力) and life force to clothing culture E．The invention of sewing allowed the early Chinese to make better fitting clothes to protect them from harsh conditions F．What is worth special mention is that women of the Tang Dynasty did not have to abide by the traditional dress code G．Fashion designers today are finding new ways to combine modern fashion trends with traditional Chinese symbols of good fortune 语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化 语篇导读：本文主要介绍了中国服装的起源与发展。 1．答案　E 解析　因果关系。上一句指出，在原始社会人们如何缝制衣服，E项(缝纫的发明使早期的中国人能够制作出更合身的衣服，以保护他们免受恶劣条件的伤害)指出了发明缝纫术的重要性，承接上文，且E项中的sewing与上文一致，故选E项。 2．答案　B 解析　总分关系。根据下文可推知，本段主要列举了服饰在不同朝代的发展。B项(服装的发展)符合文意，概括全段，故选B项。 3．答案　F 解析　顺承关系。上一句说明，唐朝的服装比以前更加多样化，下文说明唐代对于女子的穿着并没有做严格要求，空处承上启下，故选F项(特别值得一提的是，唐代妇女不必遵守传统的着装规范)。 4．答案　D 解析　因果关系。上文指出，明朝的服饰风格十分自由，没有限制。D项(从而给服装文化带来活力和生命力)承接上文，表现出了明朝服饰风格的优点，故选D项。 5．答案　C 解析　递进关系。本文是按时间顺序介绍服装的发展，下文指出，服饰文化发展到了一个有多种多样服装风格的阶段，故选C项(20世纪的中国服装风格各异)。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$