选择性必修第1册 课时达标(21) Unit 1-【状元桥】2026高考英语一轮总复习（人教版 新教材）

◆高考一轮总复习·英语 课时达标（二十一）|选择性必修第一册UNTT1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 答案见P4 I,阅读理解 凡 The Nobel Prize Winners in Literature Rabindranath Tagore (1913)Prize motivation:"because of his deep sensitive,fresh and beautiful poetry,with perfect skill,he has made his poetic thought,expressed in his own English words,a part of the literature of the West" William Faulkner (1949)Prize motivation:"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel" Ernest Miller Hemingway (1954)Prize motivation:"for his mastery of the art of narrative,most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea" John Steinbeck(1962)Prize motivation:"for his realistic and imaginative writings,combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception" Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill(1953)Prize motivation:"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant speech skills in defending noble human values" Claude Simon (1985)Prize motivation:"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the description of the human condition" Mo Yan (2012)Prize motivation:"he,with dreamlike realism,combines folk tales,history and the contemporary" Bob Dylan (2016)Prize motivation:"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition" )1.Which writer won Nobel Prize for his poetry? A.William Faulkner.B.Bob Dylan.C.Rabindranath Tagore.D.Claude Simon. )2.Which writer won Noble Prize for his specific work instead of his lifelong achievements? A.Ernest Hemingway.B.John Steinbeck.C.William Faulkner. D.Winston Churchill. )3.Whose works will you turn to if you are interested in a song writing Nobel Prize winner? A.Mo Yan's. B.Bob Dylan's.C.Claude Simon's. D.Rabindranath Tagore's. B He Zehui,a Chinese nuclear physicist,achieved great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist. Her family is famous for producing three famous women scientists,including her two sisters. She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics,and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin,where she was the top in her class,outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang-China's "father of the atomic bomb".In 1940,she earned a doctor's degree in Engineering. The couple made great discoveries in the field of uranium fission(铀核裂变)，which drew global attention and gained them worldwide recognition,marking a milestone in the development of China's experimental fission physics.Many Western media called the couple the "Marie Curie and Pierre Curie of China”. As one of the pioneers in nuclear science and technology in China,Professor He contributed a great deal to nuclear physics.During the 1950s,she started the research and development of nuclear emulsions (in China and their research reached the advanced world level at that time.He and her ·514· 课时达标《 research group took the lead in building China's first nuclear reactor and accelerator().She was awarded the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences for making outstanding achievements in supporting the national program of nuclear weapon development. Throughout her career,He went through many difficulties,and was always on the front lines of China's science-related work.She published dozens of papers yet placed little value on personal fame. The world's top physicists recognized her as a famous scientist,"Chinese Madame Curie". He passed away in Beijing in 2011 at the age of 97,nearly 20 years after Qian Sanqiang.She devoted herself to science,living a simple life,always instructing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued.She loved her country and science;to both she is now an example. ()4.What is the focus of Paragraph 2 about He Zehui? A.Identity background. B.Character personalities. C.Education experiences. D.Profession abilities. )5.What do we know about Qian Sanqiang? A.He died following his wife in 1991. B.He was also a remarkable Chinese scientist. C.He won the National Prize of Natural Sciences. D.He assisted He Zehui to develop fission physics. )6.Why was He Zehui acknowledged as "Chinese Marie Curie"? A.For her research of nuclear emulsions. B.For her achievements in the atomic bomb C.For her great contributions to nuclear physics. D.For her continuous achievement in natural science. ()7.How can we best describe He Zehui? A.Ambitious and talented. B.Unselfish and devoted. C.Imaginative and kind. D.Knowledgeable and sociable. C Global health experts say that each year some of the 1.5 million people die from vaccine- preventable diseases due to gaping holes in medical record-keeping,especially in developing countries where resources to properly document immunizations(免疫注射)may be lacking. To solve that problem,researchers headed by a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)have invented a way to deliver vaccines()through a microneedle patch( H)that is buried in the skin.It's a record that can't be seen,written in quantum dots that contain vaccination history and give off light only readable by a specially equipped smartphone.The scientists say it doesn't require any link to a database and it doesn't tie any personal information into it. For now,the patch can only contain a handful of simple shapes.But adding more microneedles could make the designs more complex,potentially conveying information about a vaccination's date, dosage and more.From there,reading the dots becomes a lot like scanning a QR code.These designs could be scanned and interpreted by smartphones,and someday allow health providers to access patients'past vaccinations without chaos of external records. The next step,before trials in people,is to test its practicability among experts in the field.The researchers now plan to work with health care workers in developing nations in Africa to get input on the best way to carry out this type of vaccination record-keeping. ·515· ●高考一轮总复习·英语 "Ultimately,we believe that this invisible 'on-body'technology opens up new possibilities for data storage and biosensing applications that could influence the way medical care is provided, especially in the developing world,"the researchers conclude. ( )8.What do the underlined words "that problem"in paragraph 2 refer to? A.Few medical resources. B.Wrong ways to deliver vaccines. C.Lack of vaccination record-keeping. D.The fact that no vaccinations are required in developing countries. ( )9.What can we learn about quantum dots? A.They keep a record of the vaccination. B.They need to be connected to a database. C.They give away one's personal information. D.They can read light produced by smartphones. ( )10.How will health providers access patients'past vaccinations? A.By reading the QR code. B.By scanning the design. C.By interpreting external records. D.By increasing microneedles. )11.What do the researchers expect of the new technology? A.It will be cost-saving. B.It will hit the market soon. C.It may ensure the accuracy of data. D.It may bring changes to medical care. Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Johannes Gutenberg was chosen to be the most important figure of the past millennium()by the media.You may not be familiar with him.1. Gutenberg is praised for having invented the printing press and therefore preparing the way for printing books. He was born into a wealthy family in the city of Mainz,Germany.In 1428,he moved to Strasbourg and lived there for almost 20 years.2. Gutenberg used his skills in metalwork for the mass production of books.3. That means that each copy of the Catholic Bible and all of its 73 books were painstakingly handwritten by penmen.Gutenberg fashioned a font()of over 300 characters,far larger than the fonts of today. To make this possible,he invented the variable-width mold (and perfected the mixture of materials used by type factories. 4. Between 1450 and 1455,while preparing to produce a large Latin Bible, Gutenberg is thought to have printed a number of smaller books,a calendar,and so on.The Bible of 42 Lines,the oldest surviving printed book in the Western world,was completed by August 15,1456. The invention of the modern printing press changed the way information was delivered.5. Even today in the computer age,we rely heavily on the printed word or text for instruction, information,and for the pleasure of reading literature. A.Gutenberg made the world a much richer place. B.But he has certainly influenced your life in some ways. C.Gutenberg's idea was one of the greatest of all mankind. D.By 1450,Gutenberg was back in Mainz at work on a printing press. E.It was also responsible for educating the masses worldwide. F.Before the spread of Gutenberg's idea,literature was primarily handwritten. G.It was in Strasbourg that he probably made his first experiments with moveable type. ·516·●高考一轮总复习·英语 are required to participate in it.We are to gather at the school gate at 8 a.m.and then take the bus to the Sunshine Park,where everyone is expected to plant at least one tree.For your safety,we have to remind you to wear school uniforms and stay with your classmates during the process.We hope you'll have a fruitful day. Students'Union 第二节 One possible version: Soon,it was my turn to talk.Facing the crowd,I found myself suffering from stage fright.I spoke in an expressionless voice and even stuttered a few times as I forgot parts of the story. My legs trembled and so did my voice.On seeing my terrible performance,the judges shook their heads.The supporters from my school looked at me in disappointment.I had never been so embarrassed in my life.In the end,I walked off the stage,my eyes filled with tears. Finally,results were announced after the contest.I didn't win any prizes-not even a consolation one.It was not surprising at all.I felt ashamed when I faced my classmates and of course, Ms.Sara.I regretted underestimating my opponents and overestimating myself.My vanity had cost me the championship.I regretted being so arrogant.I learned my lesson well and finally understood the meaning of the two sayings,"Pride goes before a fall."and “Practice makes perfect..” 课时达标（二十一） I.阅读理解 A 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会一文学 语篇导读：本文介绍了几位诺贝尔文学奖获得者获奖的原因。 1.C细节理解题。根据第一位诺贝尔奖获得者部分描述可知， Rabindranath Tagore是因为他的诗歌而获得诺贝尔奖的，放选 C项。 2.A细节理解题。根据第三位诺贝尔奖获得者部分描述可知， Ernest Miller Hemingway因其具体的作品而不是毕生的成就 而获得诺贝尔奖，故选A项。 3.B细节理解题。根据最后一位诺贝尔奖获得者部分描述可 知，如果你对一位诺贝尔奖获得者的歌曲创作感兴趣，你将转 向Bob Dylan的作品，故选B项。 B 语篇类型：人物传记主题语境；人与社会一对社会有突出贡献的人物 语篇导读：本文介绍了“中国的居里夫人”何译慧及其成就。 4.C段落大意题。第二段主要介绍何泽慧的教育经历，故选 C项。 5.B细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句和第三段首句可， 钱三强也是一位伟大的中国科学家，故选B项。 6.C推理判断题。根据第一段、第三段末句和第四段首句可推 知，因何泽慧对中国的核物理作出了巨大贡献，西方媒体称其 为“中国的居里夫人”，故选C项。 7.B推理判断题，根据倒数第二段倒数第二句和最后一段后两 句可知，何泽慧淡泊名利，积极献身于中国的科学事业。所以， 她是无私且有献身精神的，故选B项。 C 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一科学与技术 语篇导读：世界卫生专家称每年在150万人中，有一些人由于疫 苗接种记录缺失而死亡，为了解决这一问题，研究者们发明了一 种通过理在皮肤里的微针贴片输送疫苗的方法。 8.C指代猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，由于缺乏免疫注射记 录，一些人死于疫苗可预防的疾病，这就是研究者们要解决的 间题，故选C项。 9.A细节理解题，根据第二段中的quantum dots that contain vaccination history可知，量子点包含疫苗接种史，故选A项。 ·64 10.B细节理解题。根据第三段末句可知，医务人员可以通过扫 描微针贴片的图案来了解病人的疫苗接种史，故选B项。 11.D.推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，研究者们希望微针贴片 可以为医疗保健带来改变，故选D项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一对社会有突出贡献的人物 语篇导读：本文讲述了德国印刷机的发明者约输内斯·谷登堡对 世界的影响。 1.B转折关系。上文说约翰内斯·谷登堡被媒体选为过去千年 中最重要的人物。空处承上启下，下一句说明谷登堡是一个对 国家乃至国际都作出了巨大贡献的人，所以他一定在某些方面 影响了我们的生活，influenced your life呼应the most important figure,故选B项 2.G顺承关系。联系上下文，可以推理得出大概是在斯特拉斯 堡，他第一次尝试活字印刷的实验。in Strasbourg呼应moved to Strasbourg,with moveable typef the mass production of books,故选G项. 3.F解释关系。下一句说明在谷登堡思想传播之前，文学主要 是手写的。handwritten呼应handwritten by penmen,故选F项。 4.D顺承关系。根据下一句可知，该空讲述了谷登堡在1450前 的所做的事情。By1450呼应Between1450and1455。at work on a printing press a number of smaller books,a calendar, and so on,故选D项。 5.E并列关系。联系上下文可知，空处讲的是现代印刷机对全世界 带来的影响，故选E项（这项发明对全世界的大众教有起到积 极作用).。it指代的是The invention of the modern printing press, 课时达标（二十二） I,阅读理解 A 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一科技发展 语篇导读：本文介绍了一次征文比赛的评选结果。比赛要求参赛 者用1000词以内的文字描述他们有生之年最想看到的科学进 步。参赛者提交的文章令人印象深刻。 1.A细节理解题。根据第一段末句可知，征文比赛是关于科学 的期望的，故选A项。 2.D细节理解题。根据第三段后两句可知，Yasmin Ali之所以被选 为获胜者，是因为她提醒人们记住科学发展的意义，故选D项。 3.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，关于征文比 赛的结果我们可以了解到，Matthew Zajac提出了他对同性繁 殖的看法，故选C项。 4.B观点态度题。根据最后一段可以推知，作者对参赛者关于 科学期望的观点持“称赞的”态度，故选B项。 B 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一社会进步与人类文明 语篇导读：本文主要介绍了沙特阿拉伯王储MBS预设的有关未 来低碳生活的蓝图“The Line”计划一一个围绕自然设计的未 来主义城市。 5.B推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，“服务层”将包括基本的 日常生活服务，因此推知可以在“服务层”购买自行车，故选B项。 6.D推理判断题。根据最后一段后两句可知，The Line项目预 计的效果和影响是惊人的，它将为世界各国政府提供一个人类 与地球和谐共存的蓝图，所以推断它是令人激动的。widely accepted广为接受的，ill-considered欠考虑的，risk-taking冒险 的mind-blowing令人激动的，故选D项。 7.B细节理解题。根据最后一段末句可知，MBS认为The Line 工程为人与自然的和谐共存提供了一个模型，故选B项。 8.D标题归纳题。根据第一段末句和全文内容可知，本文主要 介绍了沙特阿拉伯王储MBS预设的有关未来低碳生活的蓝图 “The Line”计划一一个围绕自然设计的未来主义城市。D项 (MBS的未来零碳城市愿景)概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标 题，故选D项。