必修第3册 课时达标(18) Unit 4-【状元桥】2026高考英语一轮总复习（人教版 新教材）

课时达标《 课时达标（十八）|UNIT4 SPACE EXPLORATION 》答案见Pe I.阅读理解 风 Instant Expert:Wonders of Space Saturday 17th July,10a.m.-5p.m.|Cavendish Conference Centre,London Join us for a day of exploring the wonders of outer space with six leading scientists.You will start where everything began,at the Big Bang.Throughout the day,you will hear about everything from the exploration to find life on Mars to the discovery of liveable planets outside our solar system. Who should attend? Anyone interested in the mysteries of space,whatever your age or background.Whether you're a scientist,a student or simply an attracted human being,our event offers the chance to learn directly from the experts at our one-day masterclass. Benefits of attending: Open your mind and be inspired. Talk with like-minded people through informal set-up. Meet our six speakers and ask your burning questions. What's included in your ticket: In-depth and interesting talks from six leading scientists. Buffet lunch,plus morning and afternoon drinks and snacks. An Instant Expert certificate provided by event organizers. Booking information: We will email you your ticket immediately after purchase.Please remember to bring your ticket with you as you'll need it to gain entry.We can scan()tickets from a printout,or off the screen of a phone. A limited number of discounted early bird tickets priced at f129 will be offered,saving f20. These tickets can be bought by clicking the following green "Buy"button if still available. )1.Who is the event intended for? A.Science students. B.Space fans. C.Leading scientists. D.Research experts. )2.What can participants expect from the event? A.Free meals throughout the day. B.Certificates from famous schools. C.Gatherings with event organizers. D.Face-to-face meetings with scientists. )3.What should people do if they want to save money? A.Buy tickets quickly. B.Choose digital tickets. C.Reserve tickets online. D.Print tickets in advance. ·505· ◆高考一轮总复习·英语 B Shenzhou XV astronauts moved into the Tiangong space station on Nov.30 as they started their six-month stay.The station orbits Earth in about 90 minutes at an altitude of 400 kilometers.The temperature changes greatly,ranging from 150C when the station is exposed to the sun to-100C when over the night side of the planet. On Earth,we have heating systems or air-conditioners at home to keep us warm.In Tiangong, what do they have?The answer lies in the designs of thermal()control system by the China Academy of Space Technology. The fluid loop(流体回路)，with liquid circulating(循环)through its pipes,is one of the technologies used. "Just like the blood vessels()in the human body,the loop pipes run all over the station modules(舱)，”Huang Lei,.one of the designers of the system,told Xinhua,“They maintain a temperature balance by removing heat from the parts that tend to overheat and adding heat to other components that tend to get cold,"Huang added. For the material outside,scientists have developed a silver-colored metallic-based coating to keep a balance between the deep freeze of space and the sun's heat.It is similar to coating the spaceship with“sunscreen”. The coating can not only absorb less solar energy but also block heat release from the inside. Being able to do this double-duty job,the coating keeps the environment inside between 18 and 26C, allowing astronauts to stay comfortable in their orbiting home.It was first used on the Shenzhou X spaceship,which was launched on Oct 16,2021. Cargo(货物)spacecraft adopt another kind of design一multilayer insulation(多层隔热组件).For example,the Tianzhou 4's cargo cabin was given a gray-colored material to absorb more sunlight for human activities.Another part that was filled with equipment was painted with a white material to cool off. ()4.What can we learn about the Tiangong space station from the first two paragraphs? A.It orbits the sun at a high speed. B.It is about 150 kilometers away from Earth. C.It has a heating system to keep warm. D.It goes through sharp temperature changes. ( )5.What is the main function of the loop pipes? A.Supplying energy. B.Balancing temperature. C.Reducing pressure. D.Controlling speed. )6.How does the silver-colored metallic-based coating work? A.By reflecting all the sunlight. B.By producing and releasing heat. C.By changing the sun's heat into power. D.By absorbing heat and preventing heat loss. ·506· 课时达标《 ()7.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A.The launch of a cargo spacecraft. B.A new recently designed spacecraft. C.Other materials used outside the cargo spacecraft. D.The difference of Tianzhou 4's cargo cabin. C The moon's permanently shadowed areas,nearly 384,000 kilometers away from home,are the closest water source outside the earth.The craters have been dark since billions of years ago.But now with student-developed technologies,more about them can be discovered. Through the competitive Breakthrough,Innovative and Game-changing (BIG)Idea Challenge and the Space Grant Project,NASA has awarded nearly 1 million to eight university teams.They will build sample lunar payloads and demonstrate innovative ways to study the moon's darkest areas. "It's an exciting time for NASA and students across the country,said Drew J.Hope,Program Manager of Game Changing Development program."Thanks to our partnership with the Office of STEM Engagement,this is the most money NASA has awarded in a student challenge directly connected to Artemis. The chosen teams will work out ways to gather data in and around the craters,generate wireless power for future infrastructure,and enable autonomous mobility even in the most extreme environments.The research results could benefit NASA's Artemis program and be used to study the moon ahead of a human landing in 2024 or help establish a sustained presence by 2028.Each team will receive different amounts of grants,based on the concept and budget they propose.They will develop and test the technologies in simulated environments with the awards during the following 10 months, showing they are prepared for a possible lunar mission as early as 2023.Then in November 2020,a panel of NASA and industry experts will examine the team's research and development results at a face-to-face design review. "One of the most exciting things about this challenge is that several of the concepts,if proven to be viable as a result of these awards,could eventually be integrated and operated together on the surface of the moon,according to Chad Rowe,Acting Manager of Space Grant Project."These students are part of the Artemis generation and they are helping fulfill NASA's mission needs today, while developing relevant hands-on experience that will prepare them for aerospace careers after graduation." ( )8.What can we know from paragraph 1? A.The moon can't serve as a water source for us. B.Some students are working in NASA. C.The moon is the only water source outside the earth. D.We can explore more about the moon. ·507. ●高考一轮总复习·英语 )9.Why did NASA award those eight university teams? A.Because they stood out in a challenge and a project. B.Because they demonstrated technologies to study the moon. C.Because they explored the mystery of space. D.Because they challenged NASA's Artemis program. ()10.What will the chosen teams work out according to paragraph 4? A.The way to create WIFI on the moon for future use. B.The way to ensure autonomous mobility can be used in space. C.The way to examine the research and results face to face. D.The way to collect information and statistics of the moon. ( )11.According to Chad Rowe,what benefit can the students get from the project? A.They can land on the moon. B.They can get money while doing the job. C.They can gain experience for their future careers. D.They can work in NASA after graduation. Ⅱ.阅读七选五 When you look up at the bright stars in the nighttime sky,do you wonder what's out there?Of course,your science teachers have taught you that there are stars,planets,and entire galaxies out there. 1. Man has walked on the Moon,but the Moon is fairly close to Earth when you're talking about outer space.How do scientists study the far reaches of the universe?Over the course of history,man has developed amazing technology to help us see beyond our own planet into the vastness of our galaxy and even way beyond.2. 3. Using lenses and mirrors to see beyond Earth's borders,telescopes gave scientists their first glimpse of what exists beyond Earth's atmosphere. What scientists were able to learn with telescopes paved the way for manned space exploration. From trips to the Moon to dozens of manned space shuttle flights,teams of humans were able to travel in space and conduct research on a variety of scientific subjects.4. The more we learn about outer space,the more we realize how much more there is to explore.This has led scientists to develop even more powerful tools to help them explore the way beyond the places we can go as humans. For example,the telescope is no longer an Earth-bound instrument.In 1990,the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into outer space.5. With many different cameras and types of scientific instruments,it has provided scientists with invaluable data. A.Who tells us about it? B.But how do we know this? C.Scientists have always been curious. D.It's a piece of technology that's powered by sunlight. E.It's a tool for scientists to explore the universe without difficulty. F.One of the earliest tools for space exploration was the telescope. G.This technology takes the form of some impressive machines and tools. ·508·高考一轮总复习·英语 1.D顺承关系。上文提出来文化冲击这个概念，空处应该也是 关于文化冲击带来的感觉，D项中a feeling与上文feeling相呼 应，故选D项。 2.F解释关系。因为他们周围的人都有相同的信仰和价值观，只有 当你遇到别人的文化时，文化差异才会明显，F项中culture与下一 句中cultural differences相呼应，符合本段语境，故选F项。 3.G举例关系。下文是在介绍远离故乡在外的时侯的情况。G项中 moved to a new city or country与下文中missing anyone from your hometown相呼应，表示关于远离故乡、离开故乡的事情，故选G项。 4.B顺承关系。B项中experiences与下文中feelings and experiences 相呼应，符合本段语境，因此空处作为这段话的主题句，说和别 人谈论你的经历，故选B项。 5.E并列关系。上句讲做一些你平时喜欢做的事情。E项中 you en可joy与上文you usually like相呼应，表示听一些你喜欢听 的音乐或者看你喜欢看的电影，故选E项。 Ⅲ.完形填空 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我一生活与学习 语篇导读：旅游是体验文化最有效的方法之一，但除此以外，不离 开家乡你也能体验其他文化。 l.D上文提到的traveling is one of the most effective ways和下 文you have other choices在语义上是转折关系. 2.C本空所在句是假设如果你没有时问、金钱和精力去国外旅 游，还有别的方式可以体验文化。故此处应填一个表示去旅游 或计划旅游的动词，选项中只有plan符合语境， 3.B根据上文you have other choices和下文可知，与外出旅游 体验文化不一样的就是不需要离开(leave)家乡就能体验 (experience)其他文化 4.D参见上题解析.experience与上文中的experiencing是原 词复现关系。 5.C根据常识和下文people of different national,religious,or ethnic backgrounds可知，美国是一个有着文化多样性的 (diversity)国家，在这里你每天遇到的人可能代表着不同的文 化背景与经历。 6.C句意参见上题解析。wide强调范围广，符合语境 7.B您的朋友、邻居和同事可能包括(include)不同国家、宗教或 种族背景的人，所有这些都触手可及。 8.A此处表示花点时间更多地了解它们。 9.D通过身边人就能体验不同的文化，这种感觉令人不可思议 (surprised). 10.D其他类型的文化探索可以自我引导(self-guided)。far reaching影响深远的，ill-advised不明智的，heart-stopping心 脏停止的。 ll.B考虑花一个周末通过参加(participate in)一些活动来了解 不同的文化，例如参观当地的博物馆，读书和尝试新美食。 I2.B本空所在句是对上文通过visiting your local museum这种 方式了解不同文化的具体解释。了解其他国家的艺术作品和 看考古发现都需要去博物馆，故选museum,且与上文中的 museum是原词复现关系。 13.C根据探访博物馆是文化探索的一种方式可知，看来自遥远 国家的考古发现有助于了解不同的文化，也就是说通过考古 发现，你可以思考它们是如何影响(impact)某种特定文化的。 14.A根据读书也是文化探索的一种方式可知，书中解释了不同 社会的历史以及它们如何演变成今天的文化，而这有助于我 们理解这些文化中的习俗、传统和食物是如何变成今天这个 样子的。此处需要填一一个与“理解”意义相同或相近的词，故 选A项。 15.D甚至食物也提供了探索(explore)文化多样性以及如何通 过美食表达文化多样性的机会。 W.语法填空 语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我一个人生活 语篇导读：本文叙述了作者的经历：固遭受失眠的困扰，作者在朋 友的建议下楼受了针灸治疗，认为整个经历几乎是个奇迹。 ·6 I.worried考查词性转换。此处become用作系动词，后接形容 词作表语；该从句的主语是people,故用形容词worried,. 2.treatments考查名词的数。treatment意为“治疗，疗法”时，可 作可数名词，根据空前的various可知，此处指“各种不同的疗 法”，故用复数形式。 3.An考查冠词。此处泛指三四年前发生在“我”身上的一件事，故 用不定冠词：event的发音以元音音素开头，且位于句首，故用An, 4.suffering考查非谓语动词。介词after后接动词作宾语，应用 动名词形式。 5.was studying考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“我”的朋友托尼当 时正在伦敦附近的一所学院学习针灸，他建议“我”去看一名针 灸师。根据at the time可知，此处表示的是正在发生的动作， 故用进行时态；根据该句中的suggested可知，该句用过去进行 时：主语为Tony,故填was studying. 6.nwilling考查词形转换。根据该句中的I had a fear of needles 可知，由于作者害怕针，所以他不愿意(unwilling)接受朋友的建议。 7.appointment考查词性转换。根据空前的不定冠词an可知， 空处应用名词形式。appointment预约，约定，约会。 8.about考查介词。根据语境可知，该处表示询问“我”一些关于 (about)饮食和生活方式的问题. 9.wy考查引导词。空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作原因状 语，故用why引导宾语从句。 10.immediately考查词性转换。空处作状语修饰动词短语fall asleep,故用副词形式. 课时达标（十八） 【,阅读理解 A 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与自然一宇宙探索 语篇导读：本文介绍了一扬关于太空奇迹的会议，包括进行演讲 的科学家、与会人员以及如何预订票等相关信急。 1.B细节理解题。根据Who should attend?部分可知，所有的 太空迷都可以参加这次会议，故选B项。 2.D细节理解题。根据Benefits of attending部分第三点可知， 与会者可以拥有与科学家们面对面交流的机会，故选D项。 3.A细节理解题。根据最后一段可推知，想要省钱可以尽快购 买早鸟票，故选A项。 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然一宇宙探索 语篇导读：本文主要解释了天宫空间站是如何维持内部温度平 衡的。 4.D细节理解题。根据第一段末句可知，天宫空间站经历了剧 烈的温度变化，故选D项 5B推理判断题。根据第四段可知，环管就像人体内的血管一 样，遍布空间站的各个模块，通过樗助过热的部件散热以及向 容易变冷的部件添加热量来保持温度平衡，故选B项 6,D细节理解题。根据第六段首句可知，这种银色的金属基涂 层可以吸收热量以及防止热量散失，故选D项。 7.C段落大意题。最后一段主要介绍了天舟四号的货舱外部使 用的其他用来隔热的材料，故选C项。 语篇类型：新闻报道主题语境：人与自然一宇宙探索 语篇导读：美国天局选出了8个大学的团队，提供资金和奖励， 辅助美国航天局进行对月球暗面的探索。 8.D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，人类对月球的探 索还没有停止，有了科学技术，我们可以更深入地对月球进行 研究，故选D项。 9.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，这八支队伍是经过 了一系列竞争很大的竞赛从而脱颖而出并进行后续研究的，故 选A项。 10.D细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，这些队伍的其中一 个研发方向就是寻找收集月球数据的方法，故选D项。 11.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中Chad Rowe所说的可推 断，这个项目可以为学生们积累以后的职业生涯所需要的经 验，故选C项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然一宇宙探索 语篇导读：本文主要介绍了科学家们是如何探索太阳系的，以及 科学技术手段的发展。 1.B递进关系。上文指出，老师已经教过我们有关宇宙的知识， 设空处承上启下，下文表达作者对科学家们如何研究遥远的宇 宙十分惑兴趣，想弄明白我们是如何得知有关宇宙的知识。 B项承上启下，故选B项。 2.G顺承关系。上一句指出，随着科技的发展，已经有技术可以 让我们了解宇宙，甚至更远的地方。G项（这项技术采用了一 些令人印象深刻的机器和工具的形式)承接上文，符合文意，且 G项中的technology与上文一致，故选G项。 3.F顺承关系。下一句指出望远镜的大用途，可以让我们了解 宇宙。F项（最早的太空探索工其之一是望远镜）引出下文，符 合段意，且F项中的telescope与下文一致，故选F项 4.C解释关系。通过上下文可知，对于地球之外的外太空，人类 一直在研究探索，并且了解得越多，就越想探索更多。空处指 出科学家们探索外太空的原因之一，故选C项。 5.D顺承关系。通过上文可推知，哈勃太空望远镜在外太空中 无法使用电，只能依靠太阳能运行。D项（这是一项由阳光提 供动力的技术)承接上文，进一步解释说明了哈勃太空望远镜 的工作原理，故选D项。 课时达标（十九） I,阅读理解 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会一社会服务 语篇导读：本文介绍了Epay全球支付网络，锐明Epay的优势， l.B推理判断题。根据When you need to make cross-border remittance版块可知，这个版块介绍了出国付款的四个不便之 处，而右侧所列举的四项Ep8y的好处则与之互相对应。两者 间形成对比，旨在突出Epy的优势所在，故选B项 2.A推理判断题。根据表格中的图像以及内容可知，图上的双 向箭头表示钱款的进出，也就是存款与取款，故选A项。 3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句（立即接入Epay支付 网关接口，连接丰富的金融服务！)可知，Epay支付网关可以让 用户获得各种货币服务，故选D项。 B 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我一个人生活 语篇导读：本文介绍了不能用随机对照实验测量幸福的原因以及 研究者测量幸福的方法。 4.D指代猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，it指代p心gss,故选D项。 5.C目的推断题。根据第三段第一句可知，科学家自信地理解一件 事如何影响另一件事最好的办法是随机对照实验，接下来作者用 新冠疫苗实验的例子来说明随机对照实验的过程，故选C项。 6,C推理判断题。根据第四段内容尤其是前五句可推知，用随 机对照实验测量幸福是不可能的，故选C项。 7.A文章出处题。本文介绍了不能用随机对照实验测量幸福的 原因以及研究者测量幸福的方法，再结合第二段首句中的ths column也可知，这篇文章可能来自杂志，故选A项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 语篇类型：采访稿主题语境：人与自我一个人经历 语篇导读：本文以采访的形式展开，作者Holly Goldberg Sloan回 答了创作《7的魔力》的灵感来源。作者在小说中展示了三个主 题：天才少年、个人损失和收养儿童。 1.A根据语境可知，这本小说探索(explore)了作者长期以来一 直感兴趣的三个主题。 2.C根据上文中的Gifted children.Personal loss,.And adopted children可知，下文围绕这三个主题展开：作者的孩子去了天才 (gifted)学校。作者近几年失去了(lose)几个亲近的人.作者 有几个好朋友，他们是被人收养的孤儿。 ·64 参考答案与详解 3.B参见上题解析。 4.A根据语境可知，上文讲到了作者身边的故事，下文讲到的1 went on a group trip to Cuba是对作者经历的补充(additionally). definitely肯定，当然；absolutely绝对；eventually最后，终于。 5.D作者是一位作家，去古巴是为了进行文化(cultural)交流。 6.B作者在上文回顾了自己的众多经历，这些事件都对创作有 影响。inform对…有影响。 7.A此处讲的都是对作者写书有影响的事件，因此，编辑的身世 在作者开始(stat)创作时对作者也产生了影响. 8.D编辑的道遇很有趣也很吸引人。enchanting迷人的。 9.B该书的主题之一包括(involve)如何变得更强、勇往直前(move on)。 10.C参见上题解析，turn back(使)原路返回，往回走；stay on 留下来继续（学习、工作等）：break out爆发。 1L,C根据上文的becoming stronger可知，这本书讲述了成长 (growth)的故事. 12.A根据下文的The power of hard work可知，他们的个人奋 斗(struggle)点亮了很多东西。 13.B结合下文中的Being displaced可知，他们把自己当作外来 者。inspector检查员；巡视员。 14.C他们的故事展示了奋斗的力量和共享杜区的重要性(importance)。 15.D本文旨在回答该书的灵感来源，作者回答到最后一句的时 候，总结说明所有这些事情应与这本书的灵感有关联。 Ⅲ.语法填空 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一对社会有突出贡献的人物 语篇导读：本文介绍了中国航天发展史上的先驱和奠基人钱学森 的情况，重点介绍了他从美国返回中国为国效力的事情。 1.when考查引导词。句意：钱学森1911年出生于中国，在上海 交通大学主修铁道工程，但当他在1935年来到美国攻读硕土 学位时，转向了航空专业。分析该句结构并根据空前的n1935 可知，空处引导定语从句且在从句中作时间状语，故填when。 2.earned考查时态。根据时间状语inl936可知，该句陈述的是 过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。 3.his考查代词。空处作定语修饰名词request,故用形容词性 物主代词his。 4.was appointed考查时态，语态和主谓一致。该句主语为Qian,是 第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数形式：该句陈述的是过去发 生的事情，故用一般过去时：主语Qian和动词appoint之间为 逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。 5.delivered考查非谓语动词。根据句中的by a medium and short range missile可知，bomb和动词deliver之间为逻辑上的 动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。 6.t0考查介词。句意：他还为中国在1970年发射第一颗卫星作 出了贡献。contribute to对…作出贡献，为固定搭配. 7.providing考查非谓语动词。介词for接动词作宾语时，应用 动名词形式。 8.especially考查词性转换。句意：直到2009年去世，他在推动 航空航天项目和其他领域的系统工程方面十分有影响力。空 处作状语修饰形容词influential,故用削词形式。 9.areas考查名词的数。area为可数名词，根据other和常识可 知，除航空航天外的其他领域有许多，故用复数形式。 10.a考查冠词。此处泛指“一位先驱和奠基人”，故用不定冠 词；pioneering的发音以轴音音素开头，故用a。 课时达标（二十） 第一节 One possible version: NOTICE March 9th,2026 Tree-planting Activity To add more greenness to our hometown,our school is organizing a tree-planting activity on March 12.All the students 3