必修第3册 课时达标(16) Unit 2-【状元桥】2026高考英语一轮总复习（人教版 新教材）

◆高考一轮总复习·英语 课时达标(+六)|UNIT2 MORALS AND VIRTUES 》答案见Pa I.阅读理解 凡 In the Great Hall of the People in Beijing,hundreds of journalists were holding lights,cameras and voice recorders as they tried to find strategic positions at group interviews. Each speaker was allowed only a short time.Everyone laughed because Professor Zhu Youyong carried along a big potato during his two minutes. "Farmers in China's poor areas can rely on agricultural science to strive for a well-off life."said the 63-year-old plant-disease expert. Professor Zhu is nicknamed "potato scholar".Born into a family of farmers in Yunnan,Zhu said he has an attachment to the land.Since 2016,Zhu's team has promoted agricultural science in Lancang,Yunnan Province. Zhu said farmers in the area only planted rice once a year.After the harvest,the rice fields stayed unused for the entire winter.In 2016,his team launched a pilot program,which was used to test the idea of growing a late-season potato crop. Success soon arrived,with about 3.1 tonnes of potatoes harvested in a field covering just 0.07 hectare,which brought income to farmers of about 9,000 yuan.Then in 2017,Zhu expanded cultivation()in several villages in the county,benefiting more than 1,000 families. "We have set a goal of helping every poor farmer in the county to earn 10,000 yuan out of 0.07 hectare of farmland cultivated each winter,so as to lift farmers out of poverty(),"Zhu said. "Ultimately,I am a farmer.Going back to the fields and seeing how my research changed the lives of farmers in China is the most important thing to me,"he said. ()1.Why did Professor Zhu appear special at the group interviews? A.He was nicknamed“potato scholar'” B.He presented a big potato before the journalists. C.He occupied a good position for the interview. D.He was allowed to speak for a longer time. ( )2.What does the underlined word "pilot"in paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Experimental. B.Advanced. C.Modern D.Effective. )3.How did Professor Zhu help the farmers to relieve from poverty? A.By controlling plant diseases. B.By increasing the rice harvest. C.By expanding local farmland. D.By introducing a kind of late-season potato. ·498· 课时达标《 ()4.What is the text mainly about? A.The research of Professor Zhu in biological science. B.The contribution of Professor Zhu in potato marketing. C.The efforts of Professor Zhu to fight poverty in Yunnan. D.The dream of Professor Zhu to beautify the countryside. B For many Chinese consumers,a satisfying breakfast is one that includes either hot porridge() or steamed buns().Cold sandwiches,which are usually popular with Westerners,are probably one of the last options on their minds.But that is not to say that consumers,especially those in an international city like Shanghai,would avoid everything considered Western for breakfast.For instance,coffee,which has steadily grown in popularity in the country,is one drink that many cannot do without today. To satisfy this growing demand for breakfast sets that combine elements from the East and the West,food companies have been rolling out a host of new offerings to attract the customers.One example is Shanghai Qiao Coffee,which was launched by local time-honored food company Qiaojiashan at the end of 2019.Apart from its traditional dim sum,the store also sells various types of coffee. According to Shen Yan,deputy manager of Shanghai Qiaojiashan Food Development Co.Ltd. the most popular breakfast set at the moment is the steamed vegetable bun paired with black coffee. "The calories that one gets from a meal featuring Chinese dim sum and coffee are less than those of a Western breakfast.Since a steamed bun has nearly 200 calories and a cup of black coffee barely has any calories,this combination can be considered healthy and delicious."said Shen. Even the smaller shoppers in the food scene are jumping on the East-West breakfast trend. Western food establishments,too,have been rolling out Chinese breakfast options."Consumers and even cultural heritage will also benefit from the increased competition.If not for the current trend which has revived interest in certain traditional dim sum,these foods could soon be lost to history. Shen said. ()5.What can we learn about breakfast in Shanghai in paragraph 1? A.People prefer porridge and steamed buns.B.Cold sandwiches are a popular choice. C.People avoid western food for breakfast.D.Coffee is a must for many people. ( )6.Why does the set of the steamed vegetable bun with black coffee sell well? A.Because it's newly launched. B.Because it contains more vegetables C.Because it's traditional. D.Because it's tasty and healthy. ·499· ●高考一轮总复习·英语 )7.What can we learn from Shen's words in the last paragraph? A.The competition for breakfast sets is of no benefit to consumers. B.Only big companies have the ability to seize the market share. C.Western food companies don't care about East-West breakfast. D.Some traditional foods might disappear without the combination trend. )8.What does the author intend to tell us? A.Chinese consumers show more interest in western food. B.Western breakfast is warmly welcomed by Shanghai people. C.The Chinese-Western breakfast set is becoming a hit in Shanghai. D.Shanghai Qiao Coffee has won great success for its breakfast sets. Ⅱ.完形填空 He was no scholar,and his classmates teased him.Rather than reading,the future director really preferred running around with an 8mm camera,1 homemade movies of his Lionel train set,which he showed to friends for a small fee. After being denied 2 into a traditional film-making school,Steven Spielberg enrolled at California State University.Then in 1965,he 3 in one of those unexpected moments,his life took a complete 4 Visiting Universal Studios,he met Chuck Silvers,who was in charge of the editorial department.Silvers 5 the kid who made 8mm films and invited him back sometime for a visit. He6 the next day.Without a job or security clearance(安全许可)，Spielberg,dressed in a dark 7 and tie,walked 8 up to the guard at the gate of Universal Studios and gave him a casual wave.The guard waved back.He was 9. "For the entire summer,"Spielberg remembers,"I dressed in my suit and hung out with the directors and writers,including Silvers,who knew the kid wasn't a studio 10,but still given a chance.I even found an office that wasn't being used,and 11 in.I bought some plastic tiles and put my12 in the building directory(名录)：Steven Spielberg,Room23C.” It 13 for everyone.Ten years later,the 28-year-old Spielberg 14 Jaws,which took in $470 million,then the 15 movie of all time.Dozens of films and awards have followed because Steven Spielberg knew what his teachers didn't-talent is in the eyes of the film-maker. )1.A.selling B.buying C.shooting D.watching )2.A.presence B.entrance C.existence D.occurrence )3.A.returns B.recalls C.regrets D.reports ( )4.A.chance B.break C.look D.turn ·500· 课时达标 )5.A.liked B.taught C.tested D.cheated ( )6.A.explored B.accepted C.appeared D.refused )7.A.coat B.suit C.jacket D.shirt )8.A.energetically B.cautiously C.confidently D.strangely ( )9.A.in B.back C.home D.out )10.A.interviewer B.interviewee C.employer D.employee )11.A.checked B.slept C.broke D.moved ( )12.A.mark B.design C.name D.number )13.A.paid off B.ended up C.settled down D.set out )14.A.collected B.organized C.educated D.directed )15.A.good-looking B.best-selling C.heart-breaking D.time-consuming Ⅲ.语法填空 Some teachers are so inspirational(舞人心的)that their influence lives on long after their death.This is true of the Chinese philosopher Confucius,1. he may be one of the most quoted(引用)people in history. Confucius 2. (think)education should be for all people.This made him stand out in ancient China.At that time,it was mostly royal and wealthy 3. (family)that educated their children.Confucius believed everyone should be able to learn about the world and improve himself. In politics,Confucius set his humanist ideas into action.He 4. (quick)learned that many people in power weren't ready for his ideas.He wandered through China,5. (look)for other places he could help.Several of his students followed him. After returning home,Confucius continued teaching.This is also when Confucius did much of his writing.Today,many people learn about Confucius 6. reading The Analects.That's where Confucius's version of The Golden Rule shows up,7. says,"Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself." Confucius wrote parts of The Analects.Other parts 8. (write)by his students after his death.It was also after his death 9. Confucius's ideas became known as Confucianism.Confucianism is more like a way to look at the world.It pushes people 10. (have)self-discipline and a love for humanity.Today,Confucianism influences many people across the world.It is most common in Asian cultures. ·501·B 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一影视 语篇导读：本文主要介绍了第21届Roger Ebert年度电影节的相 关情况。 4.D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，1999年重塑Roger Ebert 电影节是为了向那些电影票房不佳的制片人致敏，故选D项。 5.B细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，今年挑选出的大 部分电影都是由女性执导或制作的，故选B项。 6.A词句猜测题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，因为这些人的 支持，这个节日才得以每年都能取得成功：再结合伊利诺伊大 学年复一年忠实的支持可知，画线词应意为“始终如一的，坚定 不移的”，故选A项。 7,C推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，作者说话时以节日 主办方的身份自居，且对节日的相关消息很熟悉。由此可推 知，这篇文章的作者可能是节日组委会的成员之一，故选C项。 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然一环境保护 语篇导读：本文主要介绍了世界地球日的创立以及它带来的积极影响。 8.D细节理解题。根据第二段最后三句可知，Nelson受到那个 时期学生反战运动的启发，创建地球日，使美国公众的环保意 识走上了中心舞台。也就是说，地球日唤起了公众的环保意 识，故选D项。 9.D细节理解题。根据第二段第三句并结合第三段第一、二句 可知，Nelson使更多的人参与了环境保护，这最终促使“地球 日”成了可能，故选D项。 10.B段落大意题。根据第三段可知，1970年美国民众游行，环保意 识深入美国民众内心，1990年“地球日”传到世界更多国家，1992 年各国联合开展环境保护峰会：2009年美国正式确定4月22日 为地球日。所以本段主要讲述地球日的发展，故选B项。 11.B推理判断题。当Nelson看到石油泄漏对海洋生物造成的 破坏时，他就采取了行动。这说明他是一位具有家国情怀的、 有责任心的人，故选B项。 【熟词生义】channel(Para,2,Line5)常用义：n.频道，巢道 文章义：.引导 例：He channels his aggression into sport..他把他的好斗劲倾注于 体育比赛之中。 Ⅱ，阅读七选五 语篇类型：税明文主题语境：人与自然一自然生态 语篇导读：本文介绍了中国古代的二十四节气是如何产生的。 1.A顺承关系。上文说明了二十四部分是根据什么划分的，下 文指出二十四节气反映了什么，设空处承上启下，A项（每一个 部分叫做一个节气)指出了这二十四部分和二十四节气的关 系，且A项中的segment与上文一致，故选A项。 2.F总分关系。下文说明了节气对于农民和人民日常生活的重 要性，F项（节气指导着农业生产和人们的日常生活）引出下 文，符合文意，故选F项。 3.B例证关系。上文指出，大部分节气都有丰富的社会意义和 文化意义，下文举例说明了清明节的社会文化意义。B项（例 如，在节气“冬至”期间，人们要吃饺子)举例说明了冬至的习 俗，与下文构成并列关系，故选B项。 4.G解释关系。上文说明二十四节气在今天依然重要，下文指 出了二十四节气的重要意义。G项（长期以来，这一直是中国 生活的核心要素，我们必须保护它)符合文意，由于上下文所提 及的二十四节气的重要性，所以必须保护它，故选G项 5.E顺承关系。通过上下文可知，中国年轻人能更好地传承二 十四节气这一文化遗产，并且有许多年轻人已经为之付出努力 了，故选E项（他们的创造力和意识可以给古代文化遗产带来 新的生命)。 课时达标（十六） I,阅读理解 A 语篇类型：斯闻报道主题语境：人与自我一做人与做事 0 语篇导读：本篇主要介绍了朱有勇教授在云南为扶贫事业所做的 努力，他带领其团队致力于农业科学研究，推出了脆季土豆来帮 助农民脱贫致富。 1.B细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，朱有勇数授在团体访谈 时显得特别是因为他在记者面前展示了一个大土豆，故选B项。 2.A词句猜测题。根据第五段末句可知，这个项目被用来测试 种植晚季土豆的想法，因此这个项目是试验性的，故选A项。 3.D细节理解题。根据第六段第一句可知，他帮助农民脱贫的 方式是推出一种晚季土豆，故选D项 4.C主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了朱有勇教授在云南为扶贫事 业所做的努力。他带领其团队致力于农业科学研究，推出了晚 季土豆来帮助云南省的农民脱贫致富，故选C项， B 语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与社会一社会、历史与文化 语篇导读：本文主要介绍了在上海，东，西方元素相结合的早餐受到 了人们的欢迎，对此食品公司也推出了许多新品来满足人们的需求。 5,D推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知，在上海的早餐中， 许多人都离不开咖啡，由此推知，咖啡对于许多人而言都是必 需品，故选D项。 6.D细节理解题。根据第三段可知，蔬菜馒头配黑咖啡卖得很 好是因为它美味又健康，故选D项。 7.D推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，中西结合的餐 饮模式潮流重燃了人们对传统点心的兴趣。由此推知，如果没 有中西结合的潮流，一些传统食物可能会消失，故选D项。 8.C写作意图题。通读全文尤其是第二段第一句可知，文章主 要介绍了在上海，东，西方元素相结合的早餐受到了人们的欢迎， 对此食品公司也推出了许多新品来满足人们的需求，故选C项。 Ⅱ，完形填空 语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我一做人与做事 语篇导读：本文讲述了Steven Spielberg从一个被同学戏弄，被传 统电影学校拒绝的学生一路成长为拿到许多奖项的天资卓越的 电影制作人的故事。 l.C根据空前的the future director-camera可知，此处表示“拍 摄(shoot)自制电影”. 2.B根据空前的being denied和下文中的Steven Spielberg enrolled at California State College可知，此处表示Spielberg被 传统电影学校拒绝人学(entrance)。 3.B根据语境和空后的one of those unexpected moments可知， 此处表示“他记起(recall)那些意想不到的瞬间之一”。 4.D根据上下文可知，此处表示他的人生有了彻底的转变(tum)。 5.A根据空后的and invited him back sometime for a visit可推 知，此处表示Silvers喜欢这个制作8毫米电影的孩子。 6.C根据下文中的at the gate of Universal Studios可知，此处表 示“他第二天就出现了(appear).” 7.B根据空后的tie和常识可知，此处表示Spielberg穿着黑色 的西装(suit)并戴着领带。 8.C根据空后的up to the guard,a casual wave可推知，此处表 示他自信地(confidently)走向警卫。 9.A根据空前的The guard waved back以及下文的内容可知 此处表示他进去了。 lO.D根据上文中的Without a job or security clearance(安全许 可)和空后的but still given a chance可知，此处表示Spielberg 不是工作室的屈员(employee)。 ll.D根据空前的an office that wasn't being used和下文中的I bought some plastic-Steven Spielberg,Room23C可知，此处 表示他搬了(move)进去 12.C根据下文中的Steven Spielberg,Room23C可知，此处表 示他把自己的名字放进了大楼名录里。 13.A根据下文中的“Jas,which took in S470 nillion, awards have followed”可知，此处表示每个人都取得了成功。 pay off成功，还清：end up最终成为，结果；settle down安定下 来，set out出发，着手，故选A项。 ·6 参考答案与详解 I4.D根据上文中的the future director可知，此处表示Spielberg 导演(direct)了影片Jas. 15.B根据上文中的which took in$470 million可推知，此处表 示这是一部畅销的(best-selling)影片。 Ⅲ，语法填空 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一对社会有突出贡献的人物 语篇导读：本文主要介绍了孔子在教育、政治等方面的思想以及 《论语》的形成和影响 1.and考查并列连词。句意：中国哲学家孔子就是这样，他可能 是历史上被引用最多的人之一。空处前后都是一个完整的句 子，因此空处需要一个连词。前后句之间形成并列，故填ad。 2.thought考查时态。本句讲到的是孔子的想法，表过去，需要 用一般过去时。 3.families考查名词的数。根据下文中的their children可知，空 处讲的应该是很多家庭，故填families。 4.quickly考查词性转换。空处作状语修饰后面的动词learned, 需要用副词。 5.looking:考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语动词是wandered,且与 空处之间无连词，故此处应为非谓语动词，且空处与逻辑主语 He形成主谓关系，故填looking, 6.by考查介词。句意：现在许多人是通过读《论语》了解孔子 的。此处需要填by表示方式 7.which考查引导词。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示 物的名词The Golden Rule,关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。 8.were written考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓 语，根据after his death可知，此处为一般过去时：此处表示“其 他部分是由孔子的弟子写的”，应用被动语态：主语Other parts 为复数，故填were written. 9.that考查特殊句式。此处是强调句型“It is was十被强调部 分十that十句子剩余部分”，故填that。 1O.to have考查非谓语动词。push sb to do sth敦劝某人做某 事，放填to have。 课时达标（十七】 I,阅读理解 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然一自然科学研究成果 语篇导读：风土会影响食物的气味和味道。最近的研究从科学的 角度解释了风土对食物产生影响的原因。 1.A细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二段首句It made an impression可知，这对夫妇在度蜜月期间突然闻到了酒中的特 殊气味，这给他们留下了深刻的印象，故选A项。 2.C词句猜测题。根据第三段第三句可知，影响葡萄酒气味和 味道的因素有很多，如土壤、气候、小山坡的朝向、邻近的植物 以及昆虫等。由此可知，风土的定义是“不确定的”，故选C项。 3.A意图推断题。根据第四段中这位主任的前后两句话可知， 不同地方酿出的葡萄酒的味道不同。由此可知，作者为了证明 不同的风土有不同的作用才引用了这个例子，故选A项。 【误区警示】本题易误选C项。考生根据第四段首句“The idea of terroir is quite old”可能会误认为本段举的例子是为了证明 风土有着悠久的历史。但是这个例子论证的是不同地区对食 物有着不同的影响。故此例强调的是“影响”而不是“历史” 4,B细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，最近的研究从科 学的角度解释了风土如何塑造食物和饮料的气味和味道。所 以风土可以赋予食物独有的特性，故选B项。 【熟词生义】shape(Para.5,Line4)常用义：n.形状 文章义：0，决定…的形成：塑造 例：Your education is bound to shape your world view.一个人所接 受的教育必定会决定其世界观的形成。 Ⅱ，阅读七选五 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会—一跨文化沟道 语篇导读：本文主要讲述了四种应对文化冲击带来的影响的方 法，帮助人们克服或者缓解文化冲击带来的不适感。