板块1 第3讲 构词法-【状元桥】2026高考英语一轮总复习（人教版 新教材）

4.hs考查时态和主谓一致。空处作从句的谓语，根据now可 知，此处需用一般现在时：主语为which,指代Yangshuo,表单 数概念，谓语动词也应用单数，故填has。 5.its考查代词。此处修饰后面的名词homestay,需用形容词性 物主代词。 6.to考查介词。此处表示“返回她的家乡”，return to.返 回……，为固定搭配。 7.gaining考查非谓语动词。介词after后接动词作宾语，需用 动名词形式。 8.provinces考查名词的数，province是可数名词，根据空前的 Guangdong and Jiangsu可知，此处需用可数名词复数。 9.a考查冠词。此处泛指“一个美丽的地方”，且beautiful的发 音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词8。 l0.been controlled考查语态。根据空前的has及COVID19与 control为逻辑上的动宾关系可知，此处用现在完成时的被动 语态。 Ⅱ，写作运用 1.I'm glad that you show such great interest in China 2.I will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce you the Chinese culture 3.show you around some famous historical places of interest 4.Anyway,I am going to help you as much as I can 第三讲构词法 Step one刷透真题明晰技法 l.solution根据空前的a less expensive可知，此处应填名词形 式。solve的名词形式为solution,意为“解决方案” 2.completion根据空前的at the和空后的of可知，此处应填名 词形式。complete的名词形式为completion,为不可数名词. 3.criticism根据空前的because of the和空后的同位语从句可 知，此处应填名词形式criticism 4.arrival:confident根据空前the和空后of可知，第一空应填名 词形式arrival:第二空与comfortable并列，应填形容词形式 confident. Step two突破重点点拨疑惑 考点一名词的构词规律★★★★★ 即学即练 1.growth句意：火在彝族人眼中是光的象征，火被认为有驱除 害虫和保护农作物生长的能力。空处作宾语，表示“生长”应用 名词growth,表抽象概念，不可数。 2.achievement句意：这一成就标志着中国实现了全面量子计算 道路上的第一个重大突破一一量子计算优势，也被称为“量子 萄权”，空处作主语，表示“成就”应用名词achievement,this修 饰可数名词单数。 3.director此处用direct的名词形式director作Chen Xiaoping 的同位语，意为“主管，负责人”。 4.impression句意：中国人对他们的菜感到自豪。然而，当像英 国人这样的外国人想到中国菜时，他们对中国菜的印象与你想 的可能不同。在形容词性物主代词their后应用名词作主语， 名词impression意为“印象”，符合语境，根据is可知用其单数 形式。 考点二形容词和副词的词形转换★★★★★ 即学即练 1.sharply所填词作状语修饰动词narrowed,故用副词，sharply 急剧地，大幅度地。 2.wealthy所填词作定语修饰名词people,应用形容词wealthy。 3.gently所填词作状语修饰动词placed,应用副词gently。 4.creative所填词作定语修饰名词idca,应用形容词形式creative。 考点三动词的构词规律★★★★★ 即学即练 1.enlarge 2.enrich 3.ensure 4.deepen ·61 参考答案与详解 Step three跟踪检测提升能力 I,语法填空 语篇导读：本文为新闻报道，介绍了河南神厘镇和新县的田铺大 湾将当地文化与旅游业结合起来，促进当地经济的发展。 1.waters考查时态和主谓一致。所填词与cleans up和opens并 列作谓语，应用一般现在时且谓语动词用单数形式。 2.happier考查比较等级。根据空前的and和语境可知，空处与 形容词比较级slower并列，也应用比较级。 3.the考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指中国北宋五大钧瓷风 格，应用定冠词修饰。 4.heated考查特殊句式和语态。此处为省略结构，即当状语从 句主语和主句主语一致，且状语从句谓语中有be动词时，状语 从句的主语和be动词可以省略，又因为此处表被动意义，应用 过去分词形式 5.is listed/has been listed考查时态，语态和主谓一致。所填词 应为句子的谓语，根据时间状语N0w可知，时态可用一般现在 时或现在完成时，且list和句子主语technique之间为逻辑上的 动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数，故填is listed/has been listed. 6.to promote考查非谓语动词。所填词为非谓语动词，且此处 表示目的，应用动词不定式形式 7.popularity考查词性转换。所填词被形容词比较级greater修 饰，应为名词，作宾语。 8.from/by考查介词。benefit from/by sth得益于某物，为固定 搭配。 9.whose考查引导词。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，在从句 中作定语，故用whose引导。 10.roughly考查词性转换。所填词作状语修饰动词earm,应用 副词形式。 Ⅱ.写作运用 1.are under much pressure from study 2.which is extremely harmful to our health 3.it is high time that we take actions to say no to the unhealthy lifestyle 4.should have a balanced diet and work out regularly 第四讲冠词、代词和介词（短语） 语法项目一冠词 Step one刷透真题明晰技法 1.away“方式”，是可数名词，此处泛指“一种”新的方式，且 new的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a修饰。 2.the句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜. the other另一个，为固定搭配。 3.a句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈 的，美味的。a touch of一点点：稍许，为固定搭配。 4.th此处特指用于医学训练指导所使用的语言，表特指，应用 定冠词修饰。 Step two突破重点点拨疑惑 考点三零冠词 即学即练 1.a句意：预计这些数据将充分描述人口现状.give a ful山 picture of充分描述。full的发音为箱音音素开头，故用a。 2.the句意：在晚年，约翰逊夫人是本世纪中叶为数不多的优秀 黑人女性中最著名的一位，她们在太空总署担任数学家。空后 为最高级，故空处应用定冠词the。 3.the句意：经过600多年的发展，北京玻璃器皿的工艺已经传 承到了第七代。此处特指“北京玻璃器皿的工艺品”，故用定冠 词the表示特指，语法专项提升 第三讲 构词法 ●答案见Pa 刷透真题明晰技法 感悟高考 技法点拨 l.(2025·1月浙江)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to 分析句子成分是解答词性 rent rather than purchase them outright,providing a less expensive 转换的法宝： (solve)to one-time event dressing. 1.名词在句中常作主语、宾 2.(2o24·全国甲)They all agreed and vowed(承诺)to promote the 语、表语或定语等，前面 idea at the (complete)of their journey. 可能会有冠词或者形容 3.(2024·l月浙江)Many supermarkets are no longer doing“buy one 词性物主代词； get one free"promotions because of the (criticize) 2.动词作谓语与非谓语； that they lead to waste. 3.形容词常作表语、定语， 4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)Since June2017,right before the 修饰名词； (arrive)of the two new pandas,MengMeng and Jiao Qing,I have 4.副词作状语，修饰动词、 been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable 形容词、副词或整个 and (confidence)speaking English. 句子。 突破重点点拨疑惑 考点一 名词的构词规律★★★★★ 1.动词变名词的后缀 invite邀请→invitation邀请；请柬 (1)-al表示人、物、行为、状态（特殊：去e十-al) solve解决→solution解决 approve赞成→approval赞成 compete竞争→competition比赛；竞争 survive幸存→survival幸存 pronounce发音→pronunciation发音 arrive到达→arrival到达；到达者；到来物 describe描述→description描写 refuse拒绝→refusal拒绝 repeat重复→repetition重复 propose提议→proposal提议；建议 (4)-s(s)ion表示行为或状态 (2)-ance/ence表示性质、状态或行为 discuss讨论→discussion讨论 appear出现→appearance出现；外貌 *admit承认→admission承认；准许加入 perform表演→performance表演 exist存在→existence存在 decide决定→decision决定 (5)-ing表示具有…（特征）的 prefer较喜欢→preference偏爱 refer参考；查阅→reference参考；查阅 hear听→hearing听力；听觉 depend依靠→dependence依赖；依靠 listen听→listening听；听力 guide指引→guidance引导；指导 begin开始→beginning开始部分 (3)-ion/tion/-ation表示状态或行为 (6)-ment表示行为、结果等 direct指挥；指导→direction方向；指导 achieve达到；完成→achievement成就 expect期待→expectation期待；期望 develop发展→development发展 explain解释→explanation解释 (去e)argue争论→argument争论；论据 ·365 >高考一轮总复习·英语 (7)-ure/-ture表示行为或状态 (5)-y/-ity表示性质或状态 fail失败→failure失败 difficult困难的-→difficulty困难 press压；挤→pressure压力 honest诚实的→honesty诚实 mix混合→mixture混合物 safe安全的→safety安全 expose暴露→exposure面临；暴露 cruel残忍的→cruelty残忍 (8)-y表示…的动作（或过程） responsible负责的→responsibility责任 recover恢复→recovery恢复；痊愈 (6)-ent变为-ence,-ant变为-ance,-nd变为-nse discover发现→discovery发现 different不同的→difference不同（之处） (9)其他常见变化： silent沉默的；不说话的→silence寂静 choose选择→choice选择 respond回应→response响应 vary相异→variety多样化；品种 patient有耐心的→patience耐心 tend倾向→tendency趋向；趋势 absent缺席的→absence缺席 grow生长→growth生长 marry结婚→marriage婚姻 present出席的→presence出席 carry搬→carriage客车厢；运输 confident自信的→confidence信心 pack收拾（行李）→package包；盒 convenient方便的→convenience便利 post邮寄→postage邮资；邮费 important重要的→importance重要（性） store贮存→storage贮存 defend防御；保卫→defense/defence防御；保护 2.形容词变名词的后缀 即学即练 (1)-cy表示性质、状态 1.In the eyes of the Yi people,fire is the fluent流利→fluency流利；流畅 symbol of light,which is believed to have the accurate准确的→accuracy准确（性） ability to drive away insects and pests and private私有的→privacy隐私 protect the (grow)of crops. efficient效率高的-→efficiency效率 2.This (achieve)marks that China (2)-dom表示地位、状况等 has reached the first great breakthrough on the free自由的→freedom自由 path to full-scale quantum computinga wise明智的→wisdom智慧 quantum computational advantage,also known (3)-ness表示性质、状态 as“quantum supremacy'”. dark黑的→darkness黑暗 3."The new robotic arms cost no more than weak虚弱的→weakness虚弱 1,000 kind友好的→kindness善良 yuan,” said Chen Xiaoping, direct )of the Robotics cold寒冷的→coldness冷淡；冷漠 aware知道的；意识到的→awareness知道；意识 Laboratory at USTC,adding that this gives (4)-h表示结果、过程、性质、状态 them an advantage for much wider warm温暖的→warmth温暖 application. true真的→truth真相 4.Chinese people are proud of their food. deep深的→depth深（度） However,when foreigners like Britons think strong强壮的→strength力量 of Chinese food,their long长的→length长度 (impress)of it is different to what you might wide宽的→width宽度 think. ·366· 语法专项提升 考点二形容词和副词的词形转换★★★★★ 1.形容词的构词规律 类别 例词 类别 例 词 energy -energetic, fool→ cloud→cloudy,luck→lucky, foolish,pleasure→ pleasant/ 词尾加-y health→healthy,sleep→sleepy pleased,sciencescientific [以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成 其他常见 gift→gifted,talent→talented, 形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再 词尾加-(e)d 变化 advance-→advanced,excite-→excited 加-y(如sun→sunny,fun→ funny等)，以e结尾的名词要 去掉e再加-y(如noise-→noisy, surprise->surprising,convince- 词尾加-ing convincing,frightenfrightening ice→icy,taste→tasty等)] attract-→attractive,talk→talkative, 动词词尾 meaning-meaningful/meaningless, prevent->preventive, 加-ive/-ative care→careful/careless,help→ protect->protective helpful/helpless,harm-harmful/ [提示]如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词 词尾加-ful/ harmless,home-homeless, 解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示 -less colour-colourful/colourless, 的是“令人…”(-ing),还是“感到…”(-ed); use→useful/useless, 第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing),还是感 thank-thankful/thankless, 受(-ed)。具体如下： peace->peaceful/peaceless (1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事 comfort-comfortable, 物的性质特征，常译为“令人…的”。 knowledge-knowledgeable, (2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为 词尾加-able accept-→acceptable, “感到…的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事 respect-→respectable 物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)， danger-→dangerous,courage→ appearance(外貌)，cry(哭)，face(面部表情)， 词尾加-ous voice(声音)，mood(情绪)，look(表情)等表示 courageous,humour>humorous 人的情绪状况的名词。 词尾的-ce confidence--confident, 2.副词的构词规律 变为-t difference-different 类别 例词 music-→musical,person-→personal, clear-clearly,great-greatly, 词尾加-al nation->national,education- 形容词十后 loud→loudly,sudden→suddenly, educational,tradition->traditional 缀ly sincere-→sincerely friend→friendly,week→weekly, 以辅音字母 happy→happily,heavy→heavily, 词尾加ly love→lovely 加y结起的形 angry→angrily,lucky→luckily, 容词，把y变 noisy→noisily,*shy→shyly(y 词尾加-en wood->wooden,wool-woolen 成i再珈y 的发音为/a/,直接加-ly) ·367 高考一轮总复习·英语 (续表) 即学即练 类别 例词 1.But 30 years later,the BMI differences terrible-terribly,possible between urban and rural people in many 词尾为-ble/ possibly,gentle-→gently,probable→ countries had narrowed le的形容 probably,comfortable-comfortably, (sharp). 词，去掉e, responsible-responsibly, 再加-y suitable-suitably 2.In the 18th and 19th centuries, (例外：whole→wholly) wealth )people travelled and collected 词尾为ue的 plants,historical objects and works of art. 形容词，去掉 true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例) 3.Steve moved to the piano and sat at the e再加-ly bench,hands trembling as he 词尾为-1 (gentle)placed his fingers on the keys. 的形容词， full-→fully,dull→dully 直接加-y 4.David Katz was upset by all the plastic going into the ocean.To help solve the problem,he 词尾为-ic basic→basically,scientific→ 的形容词， scientifically,specific-specifically, had a create)idea-to treat 加-ally automatic-automatically plastic like money. 考点三 动词的构词规律★★★★★ 前/后缀 例词 前/后缀 例词 able→enable使能够 apology-→apologize道歉 large-→enlarge扩大 emphasis-→emphasize强调 rich→enrich使充实；使丰富 后缀-ize 前缀 en- memory-→memorize记住 danger-→endanger危及 real-→realize认识到；实现 courage-→encourage鼓励 sure→ensure保证 [指津]1.转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几 broad-→broaden使变宽 种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转 ripe→ripen使成熟 化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。 sharp-→sharpen使尖锐 转化规则 例词 wide→widen加宽 en face(n.脸→u.面对) short-→shorten变短 shoulder(n.肩→u.肩负) deep→deepen加深 名词→动词 water(n.水→u.浇水) 后缀 dark→darken使变暗 hard→harden使变硬 back(n.背→u.支持) name(n.名字→u.命名) class-→classify把…分类 just→justify证明…正确 look(.→n.)看 ify simple→simplify简化 try(u.→n.)尝试 动词→名词 beauty-→beautify美化 dream(v.→n.)梦想 pure→purify净化 chat(v.n.)聊天 ·368· 语法专项提升 (续表) 即学即练 转化规则 例 词 1.You can (large)your vocabulary in many ways such as reading books and empty(adj.空的→u.倒空) listening to the radio. slow(adj.慢的→u.减慢) 形容词→动词 2.In order to (rich)our campus dirty(adj.脏的→u.弄脏) life,our school organized a 5km cross-country warm(adj.暖的→o.使变暖) running race last Sunday. 3.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to hard(adj.难的→adu.努力) (sure)trains run as scheduled, high(adj.高的→adu.高) there can be no guarantee of connections 形容词→副词 deep(adj.深的→adu.深) between trains or between train services and wide(adj.宽的→adu.宽) bus services. 4.This can (deep)their knowledge 2.high,deep,wide用作副词时表示具体概念， about the history of the moon and the solar 而highly,deeply,widely表示抽象概念。 system. 跟踪检测提升能力 I.语法填空 away from Shenhou,Tianpudawan,a Xin Waking up at 7 a.m.in the morning, County village,most of 9. buildings 25-year-old Fan Yupei cleans up,1. are in the ancient Chinese style,is also harnessing (water)flowers in the courtyard and then opens its cultural heritage to develop tourism."I earn the door of her Jun porcelain production studio. 10 (rough)10,000 yuan per Life in her hometown of Shenhou is much month, which is about the same in the past slower and 2. (happy)for Fan, when I worked in the shipbuilding company in who used to work as a Jun porcelain R.O.Korea,"a local villager said. saleswoman in Beijing for over five years.Jun Ⅱ.写作运用根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意 porcelain was one of 3. top five 其中构词法的使用。 Chinese porcelain styles in the Northern Song Dear fellow students, With College Entrance Examination approaching, Dynasty(960-1127).It is famous for its change many of us 1. (学习 of colors when 4. (heat)in kilns 压力大)and therefore have developed an ()Now the Jun porcelain production technique unhealthy lifestyle,ranging from studying deep (list)as a state-level intangible into the night to taking little physical exercise, cultural heritage(国家级非物质文化遗产). 2. (对我们的健康极 Shenhou is where Jun porcelain originated. 其有害) To equip ourselves for the challenges of In recent years,a series of measures has been this senior year in our high school,3. carried out in Shenhou 6. (promote) (该是我们采取行动对 Jun porcelain production."There are a lot of 不健康的生活方式说不的时候了). tourists going to Shenhou every day.I have the We are supposed to reasonably distribute confidence that Jun porcelain will gain greater our time of study and rest.Additionally,it is 7 (popular)in the future,"Fan said. recommended that we 4. Shenhou is not the only town in Henan that (应该均衡饮食和有规律锻炼).Keeping healthy is the key to our success.Let's take benefits 8. the combination of action now! tourism and local culture.About 416 kilometers Students'Union ·369·