专题02 阅读理解 （说明文）（期中真题汇编，山东专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——旅游 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东临沂·期中） In East China’s Anhui province there is a 2-meter-wide lane (巷) that separates a pair of gray walls. This lane became famous after Wang Qishan, head of the ruling Party’s Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, visited it on Nov 15, 2014. During the weeklong Spring Festival of 2016, the lane was filled with thousands of visitors each day, drawn to the 100-meter-long lane by the story behind its creation, and the lessons that can be learned from it. The name comes from the Chinese word for “six” and “chi”, a traditional Chinese unit of length (长度) which is about one-third of a meter. It was so named because of its width (宽度), and in the early Qing Dynasty it served as the boundary (界线) between the houses of two families. To the south was the Zhang family and to the north the Wus. Both had men members in high positions within Emperor Kangxi’s court, or in other areas around the country. But the two families quarreled. That was because of the boundary between their houses, and which family had the right to build a wall on the dividing line. After trying, and failing, the Zhangs wrote to Zhang Ying, their most famous family member and a trusted top official in the Emperor’s court. He did not provide the support what his family had hoped for. Instead, he called for his family to step back one meter from the boundary. The suggestion was so moved that both did exactly that and the lane was born. The ancient buildings have been torn down many years ago, but people are still drawn to the area because of the story behind it. The local government made a plan to rebuild the original houses in 2011. The detailed plan and design will be finished by the end of 2016. 1．What draw people to visit the 2-meter-wide lane? A．The beautiful building style along the lane. B．The great people living nearby the lane. C．The story and the meaning of the lane. D．The length and the width of the lane. 2．What was the purpose of the family writing to Zhang Ying? A．They wanted to get support to build a wall on the dividing line. B．They wanted him to come back and have a look at the wall. C．They wanted to get some money to build the wall. D．They wanted him to design a wall on the dividing line for them. 3．What does the underlined phrase “torn down” mean in the last paragraph? A．Covered with. B．Pulled down. C．Given back. D．Sent out. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．A Famous Official B．A Terrible Family War C．The Historic Buildings D．The Liuchi Lane 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“During the weeklong Spring Festival of 2016, the lane was filled with thousands of visitors each day, drawn to the 100-meter-long lane by the story behind its creation, and the lessons that can be learned from it.(在2016年为期一周的春节期间，每天都有成千上万的游客涌入这条100米长的小巷，他们被其创建背后的故事以及可以从中吸取的教训所吸引)”可知，吸引人们参观这条巷子的是它的故事和意义。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“That was because of the boundary between their houses, and which family had the right to build a wall on the dividing line. After trying, and failing, the Zhangs wrote to Zhang Ying, their most famous family member and a trusted top official in the Emperor’s court.(争执的焦点是两家房子之间的界线，以及哪家有权在分界线上建墙。张家尝试未果后，便写信给张英，他是张家最有名的成员，也是皇帝朝廷中一位受信任的高官)”可知，可知，两家为了在界线上筑墙起了争执，张家未获胜，于是给张英写信，再根据倒数第二段“He did not provide the support what his family had hoped for.(他没有提供家人所希望的支持)”可知，张家写信的目的是想要得到张英的支持。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据后文“The local government made a plan to rebuild the original houses in 2011. The detailed plan and design will be finished by the end of 2016.(2011年，当地政府制定了重建原房屋的计划。详细规划和设计将于2016年底完成)”可知，当地政府在2011年制定了重建古宅的计划，可推知，此处是说这些古老的建筑在多年前就已经被拆除了，所以torn down应是“拆除”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In East China’s Anhui province there is a 2-meter-wide lane (巷) that separates a pair of gray walls. This lane became famous after Wang Qishan, head of the ruling Party’s Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, visited it on Nov 15, 2014.(在中国东部的安徽省，有一条2米宽的小巷，将两堵灰色的墙隔开。2014年11月15日，执政党的中央纪律检查委员会书记王岐山造访这条小巷后，它便声名鹊起)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了一条两米宽的巷子的由来，由此可知，文章标题为“六尺巷”。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·滨州一中·期中） Brighton is one of the most untraditional cities in the UK. Here are four of the best things to do in Brighton. Go to one of the city's old-styled bars (酒吧) Whatever you’re in Brighton for, checking out the old-styled bars is a must-do while you’re there. The place to t is the Twisted Lemon's cocktail hour. Though the bar itself is small, the menu is not, with pages and pages of award-winning cocktails. It is a great place for conversation over some drinks. Find a bargain in the North Laine The best of the North Laine is Snoopers Paradise. It is a flea (跳蚤) market with over90 unique sellers, selling everything from shoes to beautiful Tiffany lamps. It's almost impossible to walk out without buying something or without having spent an hour in there. Explore Kemptown If you're looking to experience the “bohemian” style Brighton is famous for, Kemptown is the place. Kemptown Bookshop is a great place to find any new book you need in a quiet, friendly shop. At night the area is livelier though, with a lot of famous bars. You can head to the Hobgoblin for a lively feeling. Visit the Sea Lanes The Sea Lanes are a newly rebuilt area, with a six-lane (泳道) swimming pool by the sea. The idea of the pool is to allow people to swim at all times of the year, as, sometimes, weather conditions can mean the sea is too unsafe to swim in. After you finish, there is a bar you can relax in. 1．What is special about Twisted Lemon? A．It offers good cocktails. B．It has a small menu. C．It has won awards. D．It holds talk shows. 2．Where can a visitor buy a second-hand book? A．Twisted Lemon. B．Snoopers Paradise. C．Kemptown Bookshop. D．Sea Lanes. 3．What do Kemptown and the Sea Lanes have in common? A．They are crowded and noisy. B．They are designed for kids. C．They have places for drinking. D．They provide a year-round pool. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在布莱顿最值得做的四件事。 1．细节理解题。由文章Go to one of the city's old-styled bars (酒吧)部分中“The place to start is the Twisted Lemon’s cocktail hour.  Though the bar itself is small, the menu is not, with pages and pages of award-winning cocktails. (虽然酒吧本身很小，但菜单并不大，有一页又一页的获奖鸡尾酒。)”可知，Twisted Lemon的特别之处在于这里有很好的鸡尾酒。故选A。 2．推理判断题。由文章Find a bargain in the North Laine部分中“It is a flea (跳蚤) market with over90 unique sellers, selling everything from shoes to beautiful Tiffany lamps. (这是一个跳蚤市场，有90多个独特的卖家，出售从鞋子到漂亮的蒂芙尼台灯等各种商品。)”可知，游客在Snoopers Paradise可以买到二手书。故选B。 3．推理判断题。由文章Explore Kemptown部分中“At night the area is livelier though, with a lot of famous bars. (但到了晚上，这里就热闹多了，有很多著名的酒吧。)”和Visit the Sea Lanes部分中“there is a bar you can relax in. (有一个酒吧，你可以在里面放松一下。)”可知，二者的共同点是它们都有喝酒的地方。故选C。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东枣庄·期中） When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends. The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,” said Hall. The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. 1．What is the new study mainly about? A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends. C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship. 2．What do we know about the participants in the study? A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends. C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city. 3．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Usually. B．Actively. C．Seldom. D．Confidently. 4．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall? A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them. C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是科学告诉我们一个成年人需要多长时间才能交到一个新朋友，并且建议要想发展成为朋友需要将这种关系带出工作场所。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends.(最近的一项新研究发现，平均来说，和一个人在一起大约50个小时后，你就会把他们当作普通朋友，大约90个小时后，你就会成为真正的朋友，大约200个小时后，你就会成为亲密的朋友。)”可知，研究发现与一个人在一起大约50小时会成为普通朋友，相处大约90个小时会成为真正的朋友，而相处大约200个小时后，就会成为亲密朋友。结合第二段中的“He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person.(他要求他们评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和时间。)”可知，在这项新研究中要求参与者评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和花费的时间，由此可知，该新研究主要是研究发展一段友谊需要多长时间。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen.(该研究的作者、传播学教授杰弗里·霍尔（Jeffrey Hall）邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验——一个是过去六个月刚搬到一个新城市的人，另一个是大学新生。)”可知，研究者邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验，由此可知，这项研究的参与者都是希望交朋友的人。故选C项。 3．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness.(研究发现，在一起聊天的时间，或者你在学校或工作中与他们在一起的时间，与友谊的亲密程度无关。)”可知，在一起聊天的时间或者在学校或者工作中在一起的时间与友谊的亲密程度无关，结合划线单词前的“It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people(花很多时间和别人在一起真的很容易)”可知，花很多时间与别人在一起很容易，划线单词所在的句子与此处为因果关系。由此可以推断，根据常识，作为学生或者同事，在一起很容易的原因是人们经常同时出现在同一个场所，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“经常”意义相近。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them.(在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者，比如被邀请在他们家里吃午饭，更有可能与他们建立更深的关系。)”可知，在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者更有可能与他们建立更深的关系，由此可知，下班之后，邀请同事到你的家里有助于和他们建立更深的关系。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·泰安一中·期中） We all remember that first cry at the movies. Whether they are tears of joy or sadness, it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen. In fact, it all comes from a plan. But what about those heart- breaking stories... for kids? They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world. Actually, many great kids’ movies filled with tragedy (悲剧) are purposefully meant to stir up kids’ strong feelings. According to Aristotle,  tragedy aids us in facing life’s unsolvable issues through sensible (理智的) thinking. Therefore, the existence of tragedy in kids’ movies is to teach kids to handle, to understand and to heal. The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss, especially if it’s sudden. The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba, who experiences the loss of his father. Kids see themselves in Simba’s character. He has dreams. He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world. But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss. Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry? The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. Hakuna Matata! Yes, the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you. It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age. Sadness should not be ignored (忽视). It’s important to feel sad, and that is why these films are so great. In Dumbo, Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia, we lose our beloved characters. This quite upsets kids, but it teaches them to accept sadness and makes something new out of it. So, what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie? It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata. 1．Why does the author mention “first cry” in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To recommend a movie. C．To support an argument. D．To explain the reason. 2．What does the underlined phrase “Hakuna Matata” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Viewing sadness as a treatment. B．Seeking knowledge to enrich life. C．Challenging oneself with tragic losses. D．Heading forward without being caught. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Children can find a way to hide sad feelings. B．Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy. C．Sad kids’ movies prepare children for tough times. D．Sad kids’ movies help children to escape from reality. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Are Great Kids’ Movies So Sad? B．What Is the Power of Great Kids’ Movies? C．Life’s Hardest Lesson: How Kids’ Movies Inspire Us? D．Moving Beyond Reality: What Sad Kids’ Movies Teach Us? 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了悲伤的儿童电影如何通过悲剧情节帮助孩子们理解和处理失去等复杂情感，教会他们面对现实中的困难，并从中获得成长和独立。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“We all remember that first cry at the movies. Whether they are tears of joy or sadness, it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen. In fact, it all comes from a plan. But what about those heart- breaking stories... for kids? (我们都记得看电影时的第一次哭泣。无论是喜悦的泪水还是悲伤的泪水，令人惊讶的是，人类的情感可以被屏幕上移动的图像所控制。事实上，这一切都源于一个计划。但是那些让孩子们心碎的故事呢)”可知，开头先提到看电影时的第一次哭泣，描述电影引起我们的情感反应，继而引出让孩子们心碎的电影故事，后文围绕悲伤的儿童电影及其背后的原因展开。由此可知，作者提到这个是为了引出文章的话题。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. (它教给我们的是克服困难，继续前进)”和下文“Yes, the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you. (是的，《狮子王》里的那句话是要告诉孩子们，从悲剧中走出来是可以的，不要让它定义你)”可推知，画线部分Hakuna Matata !意为“向前走而不被困住”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata. (它的目的是教会观众，尤其是孩子，获得独立，如何从悲剧中解脱出来。它就像一个缓冲垫，把故事和现实分开。当孩子们真正来到这里时，它可以帮助他们处理悲伤的情绪，或者至少通过说“Hakuna Matata”来找到解脱)”可推知，这些电影让孩子们为艰难的时刻做好准备。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“But what about those heart-breaking stories… for kids? They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world. (但是那些让孩子们心碎的故事呢？他们似乎没有粉饰世界的现实)”可知，文章开篇提出了对于儿童电影中那些令人心碎的故事的疑问，然后围绕着儿童电影中存在悲剧元素展开论述，详细解释了许多儿童电影充满悲剧的原因。因此，文章是在探讨出色的儿童电影为何会有悲伤元素，A项“为什么出色的儿童电影如此悲伤”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·济宁一中·期中） A recent study has shown an interesting finding: more men, instead of women, are choosing to adopt (领养) adult cats. This discovery goes against the common belief that cats are mainly loved by women, while dogs are seen as the loyal (忠诚的) friends of men. The study shows a big difference between men and women when it comes to choosing pets to adopt. Over the past four years, 1.5 million men have welcomed the joy of having adult cats as their family, while only1 million women have done so. The strong relation between a man and his furry (毛茸茸的) friend is clear from the study’s findings. While little cats may be cute and playful, there are good reasons why men might prefer adult cats, especially if they want a loyal and fun pet. Unlike taking care of a little cat, which can be hard work, adult cats already have their own personalities. This means that people can enjoy the company of a cat with clear behavior right away. Adopting an adult cat gives you company right away without needing as much care as a little cat. This makes them a great choice for men who have busy schedules or don’t have much time for pet training. Adult cats already know how to use the litter box and have basic feeding habits, which is perfect for busy people. Michael Bellingham, the head of UK Pet Food, said he was surprised by the growing number of men adopting older cats. “This year’s research looks at how pets can have a big effect on our lives, from helping us feel less lonely to making us happier. One-fifth of the people with mental (心理的) health problems we interviewed wanted pets to be included in prescriptions, as they can help treat their problems.” So, for men who are thinking about getting a furry friend, adopting an adult cat might be the best choice. It gives you a pet that doesn’t need as much care and can also help with your mental health, making it a good deal for both the owner and the pet. 1．What can be learned about the recent study in paragraph 1? A．Many families benefit from caring for pets. B．Women enjoy being surrounded by cute cats. C．Dogs have always been men’s most loyal friends. D．Men prefer to adopt adult cats compared to women. 2．According to the study’s finding, why do men choose to adopt adult cats? A．They can cure serious diseases. B．They can take care of their owners. C．They have fully developed personalities. D．They are cute and playful to their owners. 3．Which of the following can replace the word “prescription” in paragraph 3? A．Medical guidance. B．Job interview. C．Personal preference. D．Travel brochure. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to adopting adult cats? A．Confused. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了最近的一项调查显示，近年来领养成年猫的男性比女性多。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A recent study has shown an interesting finding: more men, instead of women, are choosing to adopt (领养) adult cats.(最近的一项研究显示了一个有趣的发现：越来越多的男性而不是女性选择收养成年猫)”和“Over the past four years, 1.5 million men have welcomed the joy of having adult cats as their family, while only1 million women have done so.(在过去的四年里，有150万男性为拥有成年猫作为自己的家庭而感到高兴，而只有100万女性这样做)”可知，从这项研究可以得知与女性相比，男性更喜欢领养成年猫，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“While little cats may be cute and playful, there are good reasons why men might prefer adult cats, especially if they want a loyal and fun pet. Unlike taking care of a little cat, which can be hard work, adult cats already have their own personalities.( 虽然小猫可能可爱又好玩，但男人更喜欢成年猫是有充分理由的，尤其是如果他们想要一个忠诚而有趣的宠物。不像照顾小猫那样辛苦，成年猫已经有了自己的个性)”可知，男性选择领养成年猫是因为它们的个性已经发育成熟，故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词前“One-fifth of the people with mental (心理的) health problems we interviewed(我们采访的五分之一有精神健康问题的人)”和后文“as they can help treat their problems.(因为它们可以帮助治疗他们的问题)”可知，猫可以帮助有心理问题的人治疗，故他们希望将宠物纳入处方，prescription意为“处方，药方”，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, for men who are thinking about getting a furry friend, adopting an adult cat might be the best choice. It gives you a pet that doesn’t need as much care and can also help with your mental health, making it a good deal for both the owner and the pet.(所以，对于那些想要养一只毛茸茸的朋友的男人来说，养一只成年猫可能是最好的选择。它可以让你的宠物不需要太多的照顾，也可以帮助你的心理健康，这对主人和宠物来说都是一笔好交易)”可知，作者认为养一只成年猫对男性来说是一个好的选择，并讲述了其好处，推知作者对领养成年猫持支持态度，故选B。 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东青岛·期中） The writer Patricia Pearson had expressed her longing for a more carefree life for children. I also have memories of a carefree childhood: of biking without a helmet (头盔), going through the woods to the beach, walking all over my neighborhood at any time of day or night, without any fear or concern. Unfortunately, for our children, the lifestyle we enjoyed no longer exists. The way we were able to play and relate to others has changed greatly. There is more traffic, and there are simply more people and fewer connections, even among neighbors. Therefore, helmets, sunscreen, life jackets are required nowadays because they keep our children safe. And when my son and his friends fell off their bikes, I was grateful that their heads were protected. The facts about anxiety in children are clear. In my opinion, anxiety in children comes from overscheduling, and ignorance of a child’s interests by parents. Parents spend less and less time with their kids and expect more and more out of them. Moms and Dads, put your cellphones down and build castles with your child. Let your kid frost a cookie without instructing him on what color it should be, where the eyes go and not to “mess it up”. Kids love to be creative and independent and to learn new things; most of all, they love it when you tell them you’re proud of them. While I understand Patricia Pearson’s reasons for missing the good old times, I do not believe you can honestly compare two generations without putting it into the context of today’s world, because we live in an environment that breaks bad news across the globe 24 hours a day. A world in which skin cancer claims the lives of thousands each year, mostly as a result of sun exposure before their 18th birthday. Yes, the world has changed, and not necessarily for the better. So, why should we hate a little sunscreen? After all, it is the care from parents and has never hurt anybody. 1．What are children nowadays most likely to do according to paragraph 1? A．They play late in night without permission. B．They use sunscreen if they are in the sunlight. C．They are free to ride a bike without protection. D．They have close relationship with their neighbors. 2．According to the author, responsible parents should ________. A．make decisions for children B．spend quality time with children C．plan daily activities for children D．set high standards for children 3．What does the author think of the two generations? A．They share the similar lifestyles. B．They are faced with health challenges. C．Their attitudes towards their parents are hugely divided. D．Differences in their childhood result from social changes. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Changes in lifestyle have taken place. B．Care is necessary to live a carefree life. C．Memories are brought back to the writer. D．Too much anxiety puts children in danger. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了现代社会中孩子们生活方式的变化，包括需要更多的安全措施、父母陪伴时间的减少以及社会变迁对两代人童年的影响等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Therefore, helmets, sunscreen, life jackets are required nowadays because they keep our children safe.(因此，现在需要头盔、防晒霜、救生衣，因为它们能保证我们孩子的安全。)”可知，根据第一段，现在的孩子最有可能做的是如果在阳光下，他们会使用防晒霜。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Parents spend less and less time with their kids and expect more and more out of them. Moms and Dads, put your cellphones down and build castles with your child.(父母花在孩子身上的时间越来越少，对他们的期望却越来越高。爸爸妈妈们，放下手机，和孩子一起建造城堡吧。)”可知，作者认为，负责任的父母应该与孩子共度美好时光。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“While I understand Patricia Pearson’s reasons for missing the good old times, I do not believe you can honestly compare two generations without putting it into the context of today’s world, because we live in an environment that breaks bad news across the globe 24 hours a day.(虽然我理解帕特里夏·皮尔逊（Patricia Pearson）怀念过去美好时光的原因，但我不相信，如果不把它放在当今世界的背景下，你能诚实地比较两代人，因为我们生活在一个每天24小时向全球发布坏消息的环境中。)”可知，作者认为两代人童年时期的差异是由社会变化造成的。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Unfortunately, for our children, the lifestyle we enjoyed no longer exists. The way we were able to play and relate to others has changed greatly. There is more traffic, and there are simply more people and fewer connections, even among neighbors. Therefore, helmets, sunscreen, life jackets are required nowadays because they keep our children safe.(不幸的是，对于我们的孩子来说，我们享受的生活方式已经不复存在了。我们玩游戏和与他人交流的方式发生了很大的变化。交通越来越多，人越来越多，连邻居之间的联系也越来越少。因此，现在需要头盔、防晒霜、救生衣，因为它们能保证我们孩子的安全。)”，第二段“Parents spend less and less time with their kids and expect more and more out of them.(父母花在孩子身上的时间越来越少，对他们的期望却越来越高。)”和最后一段“Yes, the world has changed, and not necessarily for the better.(是的，世界已经改变了，但并不一定会变得更好。)”可知，本文主要讲的是现代社会中孩子们生活方式的变化，包括需要更多的安全措施、父母陪伴时间的减少以及社会变迁对两代人童年的影响等。因此，文章的主旨是“Changes in lifestyle have taken place(生活方式的变化已经发生)”。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山东烟台·期中） “No!” That’s the word we hear in the latest cute baby video that spreads quickly. But it’s not the words that baby Orla says that have made this video so popular. It’s the fact that her pronunciation clearly mimics that of Liverpool in Britain, which makes her sound more like locals in Liverpool. This now-famous baby may only have been born in 2022, but the different accents (口音) of babies have been investigated for many years. In 2009 Professor Caroline and her team conducted a study. They compared French babies with German babies and found that French babies tend to cry with a rising tone (声调), while German babies’ cries often have a falling tone. They also found American and French babies reflect syllables (音节) from English and French separately, and that babies with parents who speak a tonal language, like Mandarin, have a greater range of tones in their crying. So why does this happen? As children develop, they practice making the sounds of the language that they hear around them. It’s natural that they pick up sounds and rhythms around them. In fact, babies start to learn language from their mother about three months before birth. However, it’s not just the language of immediate family and caregivers that has an impact. Caroline’s studies show that children are more likely to learn the accent of their environment than that of a parent who has an accent that is foreign to that location. What the studies also show is that babies are learning language through practice, and that the more time parents spend interacting with their children, the greater the opportunity for them to learn. While babies may not be able to say many words, studies show that they can understand many times the number of words that they can actually say. Giving babies exposure to a greater number of words allows them to better build their vocabulary. 1．What does the underlined word “mimics” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Corrects. B．Develops. C．Copies. D．Affects. 2．How did Caroline prove the different accents of babies? A．By making comparisons. B．By presenting opinions. C．By doing a questionnaire survey. D．By describing an experience. 3．What does paragraph 3 stress? A．Parents’ special methods of raising children. B．Several stages of kids’ language development. C．Home language’s influence on the growth of kids. D．Surroundings’ role in children’s acquiring accents. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Babies’ language ability depends on their ages. B．Babies can teach themselves a large vocabulary. C．Babies can speak more words than they can make out. D．Babies’ interaction with adults is helpful in learning words. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了婴儿的不同口音以及环境和互动对婴儿语言发展的影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“which makes her sound more like locals in Liverpool.(这让她听起来更像利物浦的当地人)”可知，她的发音明显模仿了英国利物浦的口音。mimics意为“模仿”。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“In 2009 Professor Caroline and her team conducted a study. They compared French babies with German babies...(2009年，教授Caroline和她的团队进行了一项研究。他们比较了法国婴儿和德国婴儿……)”可推知，Caroline通过进行对比研究证明婴儿的不同口音。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, it’s not just the language of immediate family and caregivers that has an impact. Caroline’s studies show that children are more likely to learn the accent of their environment than that of a parent who has an accent that is foreign to that location.(然而，影响孩子的不仅仅是直系亲属和看护人的语言。Caroline的研究表明，孩子们更有可能吸收他们周围环境的口音，而不是具有异国口音的父母的口音。)”可推知，第三段段强调环境在孩子获取口音中所起的作用。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What the studies also show is that babies are learning language through practice, and that the more time parents spend interacting with their children, the greater the opportunity for them to learn. While babies may not be able to say many words, studies show that they can understand many times the number of words that they can actually say. Giving babies exposure to a greater number of words allows them to better build their vocabulary.(研究还表明，婴儿是通过练习来学习语言的，父母与孩子互动的时间越多，孩子学习的机会就越大。虽然婴儿可能不会说很多单词，但研究表明，他们能理解的单词数是他们实际能说的单词数的许多倍。让婴儿接触更多的单词可以让他们更好地建立词汇量)”可推知，婴儿与成年人互动对学习单词是有帮助的。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山东潍坊·期中） Little kids are much more likely to remember a thing that is unimaginable to them, a team reports in the journal PNAS. Feigenson, an expert at Johns Hopkins University and Aimee Stahl of The College of New Jersey did an experiment that included 335 2-and 3-year-olds. “We wanted to know how little kids think about possibilities,” Feigenson says. Their first challenge was getting the attention of kids that young, so the scientists designed a special machine filled with toys. It turns out that the chance to put a little coin in a machine and get a prize is a drive to kids. When the little kids got a toy from the machine, the scientists told them it had a made-up name: Blick. Later, they were asked to point to the Blick among many toys. When the little kids knew the transparent (透明的) machine held Blicks, they were unsurprised by their prize and usually forgot its name. This was true even when the machine had only one or two Blicks among lots of other toys. But the little kids behaved very differently when they got a Blick from a machine that appeared to have none, a seemingly impossible thing. “Often, “kids’ eyes get wide, and their mouths open, and they look at their mom in surprise that this has happened,” Feigenson says. Moreover, when little kids met this completely unexpected result, they usually remembered the Blick’s name. They are really driven to learn. The results further prove that even very young children learn better when they meet the unexpected, says Andrew Shtulman, an expert at Occidental College. “It causes a level of surprise that leads to more attention, better understanding of the things, and better continuous attention of those things later on,” he adds, “If you want children to learn something deeply and for a long time, you go against their expectations before introducing that information.” 1．What does the experiment focus on? A．Little kids’ imagination. B．Little kids’ rememberance. C．Little kids’ curiosity about learning. D．Little kids’ behaviour to possibilities. 2．What does the underlined word “this” refer to in paragraph 3? A．They had no interest in the result. B．They had no confidence in winning. C．They had difficulty in concentrating. D．They did well in telling the difference. 3．How did little kids find the machine without Blicks? A．They were amazed. B．They were annoyed. C．They were satisfied. D．They were frightened. 4．What is Andrew Shtulman’s suggestion on children’s learning? A．Offer information directly. B．Teach them as they expect. C．Provide more teaching methods. D．Surprise the kids to learn better. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Feigenson和Aimee Stahl做的一个关于儿童对可能性的认知和记忆的实验，以及实验结果对于儿童学习方式的启示。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段““We wanted to know how little kids think about possibilities,” Feigenson says.(费根森说：“我们想知道小孩子是如何看待各种可能性的”)”可知，这个实验主要关注的是孩子们对可能性的认知和记忆。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“When the little kids got a toy from the machine, the scientists told them it had a made-up name: Blick. Later, they were asked to point to the Blick among many toys. When the little kids knew the transparent (透明的) machine held Blicks, they were unsurprised by their prize and usually forgot its name.(当孩子们从机器里拿到一个玩具时，科学家们告诉他们这个玩具有一个虚构的名字：Blick。之后，他们被要求在许多玩具中指出Blick。当孩子们知道透明的机器里装着Blick时，他们对奖品并不感到惊讶，而且通常会忘记它的名字)”可知，从一个透明机器里拿到Blick时孩子们似乎对奖品并不感兴趣，结合even表示递进关系可知，划线词所在句子指“即使这台机器在许多其他玩具中只有一两个Blick，他们对结果也不感兴趣”。故this指的是“他们对结果不感兴趣”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Often, “kids’ eyes get wide, and their mouths open, and they look at their mom in surprise that this has happened,” Feigenson says.(费根森说，通常情况下，“孩子们会睁大眼睛，张大嘴巴，惊讶地看着妈妈。”)”可知，孩子们发现没有Blick的机器时，他们感到惊讶，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The results further prove that even very young children learn better when they meet the unexpected, says Andrew Shtulman, an expert at Occidental College. “It causes a level of surprise that leads to more attention, better understanding of the things, and better continuous attention of those things later on,” he adds, “If you want children to learn something deeply and for a long time, you go against their expectations before introducing that information.”(西方学院的专家Andrew Shtulman说，研究结果进一步证明，即使是很小的孩子，在遇到意外情况时也能学得更好。他补充说：“它会引起一定程度的惊讶，从而导致更多的注意力，更好地理解事物，并在以后更好地持续关注这些事物。如果你想让孩子们长期深入地学习一些东西，那么在介绍这些信息之前，你不顺着他们的期望。”)”可知，Andrew Shtulman的建议是给孩子惊讶，让他们学得更好。故选D。 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东青岛·期中） Scientists have discovered that climate change is killing the scent(香味)of flowers and their scent may be lost forever. Climate change is also the reason Kuala Lumpur City Hall is turning to trees, because flowers have been dying fast. It was getting too costly to beautify the city. City Hall would continue to plant trees more suited for breathing in the increasing pollution and dealing with global warming. Dr. Abdul Latif Mohamad, a professor at University Kebangsaan Malaysia(UKM), said genetically modified(转基因)flowers might be the way out. Latif said UKM might have offered reasons as to why some insects were not spreading flower seeds, which was caused by the missing “scent track” due to global warming. “The scent producing chemical mixture in flowers dry up faster now compared with before.” The only way out, he said, was to genetically modify the flowers so that the effects would not be everlasting and the future generation would enjoy nature’s beauty. “The act is almost like producing oils from flowers. Scientists add on certain chemicals for stronger scent.” He said scents in flowers last longer in colder climates as plants can hold on to their oils longer. “But locally, we fear the scent might be lost forever,” said Latif. With flowers sending forth less scent, the insects and butterflies are travelling further and longer to get nectar(花蜜). Birds and insects were heading towards hilly areas and deeper into the places where the weather is cooler. Upon research, Latif’s team also discovered that the flowers were no longer pollinated(授粉)after dust blocked the growth of stigmas(柱头). Latif said Malaysians could no longer depend on nature to get better by itself without the help of science, and needed to follow in the footsteps of Europe and the United States, which have poured millions in the research of genetically modified seeds. 1．What happens to the flowers? A．Their prices get higher. B．They are not as sweet as before. C．They replace trees to beautify the city. D．They can’t survive the heavy pollution. 2．What do the underlined words “The act” in paragraph 2 refer to ? A．To spread flower seeds. B．To find scent track. C．To genetically modify the flowers. D．To enjoy nature’s beauty. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Challenges lie ahead for local flowers. B．Scientists’ research brings hope to flowers. C．Insects change their habits in cold weather. D．The heavy dust is a problem to flowers. 4．What does Latif suggest people do? A．Follow the laws of nature. B．Make the most of science. C．Raise money for research. D．Protect local environment. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了花香持续时间变短的原因，以及如何去改变这一现状。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段第一句“Scientists have discovered that climate change is killing the scent of flowers and their scent may be lost forever.(科学家发现，气候变化正在扼杀花香，花香可能永远消失)”可知，花香不如以前那样浓了。故选B项。 2．词义猜测题。由文章第二段第三句“The only way out, he said, was to genetically modify the flowers so that the effects would not be everlasting and the future generation would enjoy nature’s beauty.(他说，唯一的出路是对这些花进行基因改造，这样效果就不会持久，子孙后代就能享受大自然的美丽)”可知，下文提到的“The act”指的是对花进行基因改造。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。由文章第三段“With flowers sending forth less scent, the insects and butterflies are travelling further and longer to get nectar. Birds and insects were heading towards hilly areas and deeper into the places where the weather is cooler. Upon research, Latif’s team also discovered that the flowers were no longer pollinated after dust blocked the growth of stigmas.(由于花朵散发出的气味越来越少，昆虫和蝴蝶为了获取花蜜而走得越来越远。鸟类和昆虫朝着丘陵地区和更深处的天气更凉爽的地方前进。经过研究，拉提夫的团队还发现，在灰尘阻碍了柱头的生长后，这些花就不再授粉了)”可知，本段主要说明了本土花卉面临着越来越多的挑战。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Latif said Malaysians could no longer depend on nature to get better by itself without the help of science, and needed to follow in the footsteps of Europe and the United States, which have poured millions in the research of genetically modified seeds.(拉蒂夫说，马来西亚人不能再依靠自然在没有科学帮助的情况下变得更好，他们需要跟随欧洲和美国的脚步，这两个国家已经在转基因种子的研究上投入了数百万美元)”可知，Latif建议全面利用科学的力量来改善这一情况。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山东烟台·期中） Orcas, also known as killer whales, are the largest members of the dolphin family. They hunt in schools of up to 40 individuals and are famous for their group attack on sea creatures. But orcas seldom attack humans. However, since 2020, groups of orcas have struck about 700 boats off the coasts of Spain, Portugal, France and Morocco. They have damaged (损坏) at least seven boats. Experts now believe what the orcas did is the result of bored teenage orcas having fun. After observing fifteen young orcas, a research team, led by Alex Zerbini, found that the orcas approached the boats slowly. Once close, they appeared to simply want to nudge their noses or heads against the rudder (船舵). Given that these young orcas measure between 2.7 and 4.2 meters in length, just a gentle touch was enough to damage the rudders and even the boats. “As they play with the rudder, they don’t understand that they can damage the rudder and will affect human beings. It’s more playful than purposeful,” one researcher said. The researchers thought the teenage orcas’ boredom results from the increase in the population of their primary food source — the bluefin tuna. With plenty of food, they have a lot more time on their hands. They guessed the action may have been started by a curious individual attracted to the moving boat and may have inspired the others to do the same. Zerbini and his team give some suggestions about being far away from orcas when possible. While people are in the areas where orcas often appear, try to reduce the speed of the boats. Making banging sounds around the boat may keep the whales away. They also suggest boat owners replace the smooth rudder surface with special materials. This will make the boats less fun to “play” with. “We don’t want to see more boats being damaged, and we don’t want to see people in trouble,” Zerbini said. “But we also don’t want to see orcas and other animals being hurt. We have to remember that this is their home, and we’re in the way.” 1．What does the text focus on about orcas? A．Their unusual behavior. B．Their feeding habit. C．Their high intelligence. D．Their quick reaction. 2．Why do orcas strike the boats according to the research? A．To search for food. B．To seek pleasure. C．To try to communicate. D．To practice hunting skills. 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us? A．How to find orcas’ tracks. B．How to draw orcas to the rudder. C．How to tell the sounds from orcas. D．How to avoid encounters with orcas. 4．What do we know from Zerbini’s words? A．We should live at peace with animals. B．We should build more high-quality boats. C．People face challenges in developing fishery. D．People have perfected creatures’ living environment. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是自2020年以来，西班牙、葡萄牙、法国和摩洛哥海岸附近发生的一系列逆戟鲸撞击船只的事件。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But orcas seldom attack humans.(但是逆戟鲸很少攻击人类。)”和第二段“However, since 2020, groups of orcas have struck about 700 boats off the coasts of Spain, Portugal, France and Morocco. They have damaged (损坏) at least seven boats.(然而，自2020年以来，成群的逆戟鲸在西班牙、葡萄牙、法国和摩洛哥海岸袭击了大约700艘船只。他们至少损坏了七艘船。)”可知，本文主要讲的是逆戟鲸的不寻常的行为。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Experts now believe what the orcas did is the result of bored teenage orcas having fun.(专家们现在认为逆戟鲸的行为是无聊的青少年逆戟鲸玩耍的结果。)”和第三段“It’s more playful than purposeful(与其说是有目的，不如说是好玩)”可知，逆戟鲸会袭击船只是为了寻求快乐。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Zerbini and his team give some suggestions about being far away from orcas when possible. While people are in the areas where orcas often appear, try to reduce the speed of the boats. Making banging sounds around the boat may keep the whales away. They also suggest boat owners replace the smooth rudder surface with special materials. This will make the boats less fun to “play” with.(Zerbini和他的团队给出了一些关于尽可能远离逆戟鲸的建议。当人们在逆戟鲸经常出没的地方时，尽量降低船只的速度。在船周围发出砰砰的声音可能会让鲸远离。他们还建议船主用特殊材料替换光滑的舵面。这将使船“玩”的乐趣减少。)”可知，第五段主要讲的是如何避免遭遇逆戟鲸。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We don’t want to see more boats being damaged, and we don’t want to see people in trouble(我们不希望看到更多船只受损，也不希望看到人们陷入困境)”和“But we also don’t want to see orcas and other animals being hurt. We have to remember that this is their home, and we’re in the way.(但我们也不想看到逆戟鲸和其他动物受到伤害。我们必须记住，这是它们的家，而我们挡住了它们的路。)”可知，从Zerbini的话中我们知道我们应该与动物和平相处。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山东潍坊·期中） In the first half of the twentieth century, Karl von Frisch, a scientist who studied animal behavior, changed our impression of honey bees by discovering the “waggle (摇摆) dance”, which may not be considered as a language, but a form of communication. It was one of our first understandings that bees do something like what we call “thinking”. Clint Perry, a scientist at Queen Mary University of London, has spent much time studying how bees think. He gave bees a choice between landing on a place above a black bar (横木) or a place below it. If they landed above the bar, they would find a delicious sugary drink. If they chose the place below the black bar, they found a terrible drink. He made the test harder or easier by moving the landing places farther from or closer to the black bar. But bees also had the choice of avoiding the task if they weren’t sure they would succeed. Perry found that bees avoided the test when it was difficult and gave it a try when it was easy. Perry pointed out that we can’t know for sure from tests like this whether bees are actually judging by their own knowledge or simply quitting the task because of an unhappy connection with the terrible drink. Scientists still do not know how bees manage to do so much with their tiny brains. No one is suggesting that bees are as smart as humans, at least not when it comes to things like memory and language. But learning more about how bees’ brains work could help us learn more about how our own brains deal with information. We may also have to rethink how we view the rest of the insect world. There are a lot of small creatures (生物) flying around in the garden. Who knows what those tiny minds might be able to do? 1．Why does the author mention Karl von Frisch in the first paragraph? A．To introduce a famous scientist. B．To change the impression of bees. C．To show early study of bees’ thinking. D．To stress the importance of bees’ study. 2．How did Clint Perry make the task difficult? A．By setting more choices. B．By giving challenging orders. C．By making landing places farther. D．By reducing the sweet level of the drinks. 3．What is Clint Perry’s attitude to the result of the research? A．Supportive. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Insects’ thinking ability will improve. B．The number of small insects will increase. C．Study on insects’ brains has a long way to go. D．Insects’ life habits will be a focus of research. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了Clint Perry对于研究蜜蜂的思考行为的实验，并表明其他的昆虫大脑也值得研究。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In the first half of the twentieth century, Karl von Frisch, a scientist who studied animal behavior, changed our impression of honey bees by discovering the “waggle (摇摆) dance”, which may not be considered as a language, but a form of communication. It was one of our first understandings that bees do something like what we call “thinking”.(20世纪上半叶，研究动物行为的科学家卡尔·冯·弗里施（Karl von Frisch）发现了“摇摆舞”，改变了我们对蜜蜂的印象。“摇摆舞”可能不是一种语言，而是一种交流形式。这是我们最初的理解之一，蜜蜂会做一些我们称之为“思考”的事情)”可知，文章第一段提及Karl von Frisch的发现“摇摆舞”是为了展示蜜蜂是会思考的，该发现是蜜蜂行为的早期研究。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He made the test harder or easier by moving the landing places farther from or closer to the black bar.(他把着陆点移得离黑条更远或更近，从而使测试变得更困难或更容易)”可知， Clint Perry通过将着陆点移得离黑条更远来加大任务难度。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Perry pointed out that we can’t know for sure from tests like this whether bees are actually judging by their own knowledge or simply quitting the task because of an unhappy connection with the terrible drink.(Perry指出，我们不能从这样的测试中确定蜜蜂是根据自己的知识来判断，还是只是因为与可怕的饮料产生了不愉快的联系而放弃了任务)”可知，Clint Perry对于这个实验的结果不是十分确定。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We may also have to rethink how we view the rest of the insect world. There are a lot of small creatures (生物) flying around in the garden. Who knows what those tiny minds might be able to do?(我们可能也不得不重新思考我们如何看待其他的昆虫世界。有很多小生物在花园里飞来飞去。谁知道这些小脑袋能做什么呢？)”可知，最后一段表明还有其他的昆虫的大脑也值得研究，对昆虫大脑的研究还有很长的路要走。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东临沂·期中） In Europe, we’ve been drinking coffee in many kinds of ways since at least the 15th century; the first coffee shop was opened up in 1650 in Oxford, Britain. For centuries, we were satisfied with the simple coffee beans, hot water, sugar and milk combination, but the past few years have seen a newly developed ways of drinking coffee. Latte (拿铁咖啡) is what can be used to see the fashion of changes. Chai latte was a huge hit until news of its rich sugar came out; turmeric latte was named the “breakout star” in Google’s Food Trends report of 2016. But in the past 12 months, a new trend has been rising, one that shows young people’s chase after popular food and drinks knows no ends. The latest type is mushroom (蘑菇) coffee that makes some delighted but some tired. On supermarket shelves and in cafes, we’re increasingly being showed to the drink, which is useful to control and balance the blood sugar levels. According to data collected by the company, Hitwise, there have been a huge number of people in search of the mushroom coffee, most of those aged 25 to 34. Mushroom coffee doesn’t mean you have to eat or drink some kinds of mushroom. But instead, it contains some expensive traditional Chinese medicine that is now made into coffee. Mushroom coffee tends to be a mixture of regular coffee powder (粉) with the powdered mushroom and Chinese medicine, which provides an earthy taste for the drink. To make it much tastier, it’s often sold with milk or a sweetener. Studies on the health advantages of the things used in mushroom coffee are promising. This kind of coffee is better for nearly all ages, especially for the middle aged. However, some scientists on nutrition (营养学) don’t agree. There is no great evidence that a cup of hot mushroom coffee will give people anything beyond the regular advantages of coffee. “It’s unlikely that mushroom coffee will be chased after by all the people. If you like it, enjoy a cup, but it’s not a magical thing,” nutritionist Charlotte Stirling-Reed said. 1．Who are most likely to buy the mushroom coffee in the supermarket? A．The ones who need to stay up late every night. B．The ones who have to study for a long time. C．The ones who have too much pressure in daily life. D．The ones who need to face the blood sugar problem. 2．According to the passage, mushroom coffee ________. A．is a mixture of regular coffee powder with the pieces of mushrooms B．drinking is just like you are eating some special kinds of mushrooms C．presents an earthy taste to the drinkers without milk or sweeteners D．will be sold at a higher price because of the expensive medicine in it 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Some nutritionists disagree to the special effects of mushroom coffee. B．Charlotte Stirling-Reed regards mushroom coffee as a magical thing. C．A cup of hot mushroom coffee has more advantages than the regular coffee. D．Some nutritionists are chasing after the fashion for mushroom coffee. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了咖啡界的时尚单品——蘑菇咖啡。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“On supermarket shelves and in cafes, we’re increasingly being showed to the drink, which is useful to control and balance the blood sugar levels.(在超市和咖啡馆的货架上，越来越多的人向我们展示这种饮料，它有助于控制和平衡血糖水平)”可推知，在超市，需要面对血糖问题的人最可能买蘑菇咖啡。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Mushroom coffee doesn’t mean you have to eat or drink some kinds of mushroom. But instead, it contains some expensive traditional Chinese medicine that is now made into coffee. Mushroom coffee tends to be a mixture of regular coffee powder (粉) with the powdered mushroom and Chinese medicine, which provides an earthy taste for the drink. To make it much tastier, it’s often sold with milk or a sweetener.(蘑菇咖啡并不意味着你必须吃或喝一些蘑菇。相反，它含有一些昂贵的传统中药，现在被制成咖啡。蘑菇咖啡往往是普通咖啡粉、蘑菇粉和中药的混合物，为饮料提供了一种泥土的味道。为了让它更美味，它通常会和牛奶或甜味剂一起出售)”可知，不含牛奶和甜味剂的蘑菇咖啡饮喝起来有泥土味。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Studies on the health advantages of the things used in mushroom coffee are promising. This kind of coffee is better for nearly all ages, especially for the middle aged. However, some scientists on nutrition (营养学) don’t agree. There is no great evidence that a cup of hot mushroom coffee will give people anything beyond the regular advantages of coffee. “It’s unlikely that mushroom coffee will be chased after by all the people. If you like it, enjoy a cup, but it’s not a magical thing,” nutritionist Charlotte Stirling-Reed said.(对蘑菇咖啡中所用物质的健康益处的研究是有希望的。这种咖啡几乎适合所有年龄段的人，尤其是中年人。然而，一些营养学科学家不同意这一观点。没有充分的证据表明一杯热蘑菇咖啡会给人们带来咖啡之外的任何好处。“蘑菇咖啡不太可能受到所有人的追捧。如果你喜欢喝咖啡，那就喝一杯吧，但咖啡并不是什么神奇的东西，”营养学家夏洛特·斯特林-里德说)”可知，一些营养学家并不赞同蘑菇咖啡的特殊功效。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·滨州一中·期中） In the rushing modern society, it can be all too easy to skip(不吃) a meal or two.You might even do it on purpose. A new study suggests going without one of the standard three meals a day might have a serious downside. 24,000 people participated (参加) in the study. Around 30 percent of the participants often had fewer than three meals a day. According to the data (数据), those who were younger, male, with less of an education and a lower family income, were more likely to skip meals. Meal-skipping was also more common among those who smoked more, drank more, ate less healthy food, had more snacks, and took in less energy overall. Compared with participants eating three meals per day, the risk for participants eating one meal per day was 30% higher for all-cause death, and 83% higher for cardiovascular(心血管的) disease(CVD) death. Those who ate two meals a day had a 7% increased risk of all-cause death and a 10% increased risk of cardiovascular death. The CVD death rate of the participants who skipped breakfast was40% higher compared with those who did not. The all-cause death risk was 12% higher for skipping lunch and 16% higher for skipping dinner compared with those who did not. Skipping breakfast was connected with a greater risk of dying from CVD, while skipping lunch or dinner was connected with a greater risk of all-cause death, including a rise in CVD risk. There was even a problem for those who ate all three meals but had them too close together. Eating two neighbouring meals within 4.5 hours of each other was also shown to be connected with increased all-cause death risk. While the study seems to make messages difficult that suggest intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食) could be good for you, the data stresses the importance of regular refueling stops for the body. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Who would skip meals. B．How the research is done. C．Why people skip meals. D．What the course of the study is. 2．How is meal-skipping connected with diseases? A．Meal-skipping can reduce the risk of diseases. B．Meal-skipping makes no difference to diseases. C．The chances of diseases rise with more meal-skippings. D．It's hard to tell the influence of meal-skipping on diseases. 3．What do the underlined words “regular refueling stops” in the last paragraph mean? A．Skipping meals sometimes. B．Skipping a fixed meal. C．Having meals at your will. D．Having meals at the right time. 4．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Fasting is a good way for health. B．Good eating habits can treat CVD． C．Eating meals on time is healthier. D．Meals should be taken close enough. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，一日三餐不吃一顿可能会有严重的负面影响。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的相关发现。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“24,000 people participated (参加) in the study. Around 30 percent of the participants often had fewer than three meals a day. According to the data (数据), those who were younger, male, with less of an education and a lower family income, were more likely to skip meals. Meal-skipping was also more common among those who smoked more, drank more, ate less healthy food, had more snacks, and took in less energy overall.(24000人参与了这项研究。大约30%的参与者每天经常少于三餐。数据显示，年轻男性、受教育程度较低、家庭收入较低的人更有可能不吃饭。不吃饭在那些吸烟多、喝酒多、吃不健康食物、吃零食多、总体能量摄入少的人身上也更常见)”可知，第二段的主要讲述什么样的人会不吃饭。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Compared with participants eating three meals per day, the risk for participants eating one meal per day was 30% higher for all-cause death, and 83% higher for cardiovascular(心血管的) disease(CVD) death. Those who ate two meals a day had a 7% increased risk of all-cause death and a 10% increased risk of cardiovascular death.(与每天吃三顿饭的参与者相比，每天吃一顿饭的参与者全因死亡的风险高30%，心血管疾病（CVD）死亡的风险高83%。每天吃两餐的人全因死亡的风险增加了7%，心血管死亡的风险增加了10%)”可知，不吃饭越多，患病的几率就越高。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“While the study seems to make messages difficult that suggest intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食) could be good for you, the data stresses the importance of”可知，while表示转折，说明虽然这项研究似乎让间歇性禁食可能对你有益的说法难以站住脚，但数据强调了按时吃饭对身体的重要性。故划线词意思是“按时吃饭”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“Compared with participants eating three meals per day, the risk for participants eating one meal per day was 30% higher for all-cause death, and 83% higher for cardiovascular(心血管的) disease(CVD) death. Those who ate two meals a day had a 7% increased risk of all-cause death and a 10% increased risk of cardiovascular death.(与每天吃三顿饭的参与者相比，每天吃一顿饭的参与者全因死亡的风险高30%，心血管疾病（CVD）死亡的风险高83%。每天吃两餐的人全因死亡的风险增加了7%，心血管死亡的风险增加了10%)”可知，每天吃三顿饭，患病的几率更低，所以作者认为按时吃饭更健康。故选C。 Passage 3 （20-21学年高一上·山东省实验一中·期中） When Americans think of the lunch menu at their childhood school cafeterias, they probably imagine a shapeless, tasteless pile of mystery meat – plus some brown much（糊状物）,to match. But for children in Japan, school lunches are a rich experience where the students learn about culture and nutrition of foods. “Japan’s standpoint is that school lunches are a part of education, not a break from it,” Masahiro Oji, a government director of school health education in Japan, told The Washington Post.The food offered at schools in Japan is affordable, fresh, and made by the students themselves. And Japanese children don’t just eat the food they prepare; they learn about the nutritional and cultural elements of their meals, too. The food is grown locally and includes a balanced menu of rice, vegetable, fish and soups. As a bonus, each meal costs just $2.50. “Parents hear their kids talking about what they had for lunch,” Tatsuji Shino, the principal at Umejima Elementary School in Tokyo, told The Washington Post, “and kids ask them to re-create the meals at home.” Japanese students also learn cooperation and etiquette（礼仪）as they serve and clean up after each other. Considering the fact that Japan has one of the world’s lowest childhood obesity rates（肥胖率）, the U.S. probably has a lot to learn from this country’s school lunches. A recent study found that American students who regularly ate the school lunch – where foods to be chosen include pizza, chicken and French fries – were 29 percent more likely to be obese than those who brought lunch from home. From American parents who want to be a little more like the Japanese, try sending your children to school with these unique school lunches for kids who hate sandwiches. 1．Why did the author mention American school lunches at the beginning of the text? A．To show different food cultures. B．To express sympathy for the American. C．To criticize American school lunches. D．To introduce Japanese school lunches. 2．What’s the Japanese point of view on school lunches? A．Kids should have school lunches for free. B．School lunches must be prepared by students. C．Kids can’t bring lunches to school from home. D．School lunches shouldn’t be separated from school education. 3．What does the author want to tell us in the fourth paragraph? A．American school lunches are likely to make people fat. B．American school lunches are more popular. C．More people prefer studying at American schools. D．American kids are the fattest in the world. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards American school lunches? A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Unconcerned. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．A 【分析】本文是说明文。文章通过对比日本学校午餐和美国学校午餐，告诉我们正是这种学校午餐的差异使得日本的孩子更健康。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When Americans think of the lunch menu at their childhood school cafeterias, they probably imagine a shapeless, tasteless pile of mystery meat – plus some brown much（糊状物）,to match. But for children in Japan, school lunches are a rich experience where the students learn about culture and nutrition of foods.（当美国人想到他们儿童学校食堂的午餐菜单时，他们可能会想到一堆形状不规则、无味的神秘肉类，外加一些褐色的东西来搭配。但是对于日本的孩子们来说，学校午餐是一种丰富的体验，学生们可以在那里学到关于食物的文化和营养。）”中的but for Children in Japan可知，文章开头提到美国学校午餐的目的是为了引出本文的话题——日本学校午餐。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Japan’s standpoint is that school lunches are a part of education, not a break from it.(日本的立场是，学校午餐是教育的一部分，而不是中断。)”可知，日本把学校午餐看成是学校教育的一部分。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“A recent study found that American students who regularly ate the school lunch – where foods to be chosen include pizza, chicken and French fries – were 29 percent more likely to be obese than those who brought lunch from home.（最近的一项研究发现，经常在学校吃午餐的美国学生比那些从家里带午餐的学生有29% 的可能性患上肥胖症。午餐的食物包括披萨、鸡肉和炸薯条。）”中的obese than可推知，美国的学校午餐很可能使人发胖。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“From American parents who want to be a little more like the Japanese, try sending your children to school with these unique school lunches for kids who hate sandwiches.（来自美国的父母，他们想要更像日本人一点，试着送你的孩子去学校，为那些讨厌三明治的孩子们准备这些独特的学校午餐。）”的内容可知，基于日本和美国学校午餐的差异，作者建议美国家长送孩子上像日本学校那样提供特别午餐的学校。由此可推断，作者对美国学校午餐持否定的（negative）态度。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东菏泽·期中） Research shows hearing loss, if left untreated, can increase the risk of falls and social loneliness. One study from scientists at Johns Hopkins University found that even people with mild hearing loss doubled their risk of dementia (痴呆症). Now a new study finds that restoring (恢复) hearing with hearing aids may lengthen people’s lives. Using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a national study, Dr. Janet Choi, a scientist with Keck Medicine of USC, and her workmates tracked the situation of nearly 1,900 adults with hearing loss. The adults completed a list of questions about their use of hearing aids. “The group of patients who were using hearing aids regularly had a 24% lower risk of death than the group who never use hearing aids,” Choi says. It means the adults who were in the habit of wearing hearing aids were less likely to die early. But this new study can’t prove that it’s the hearing aids that lead to longer life. It could be that people who regularly use hearing aids are also more likely to avoid being lonely, remain more active or have reduced risk of falls, which could explain the increased longevity (寿命). Given the benefits, Choi says it’s shocking how few people with hearing loss wear hearing aids regularly - just 12%, according to her study. And she says another striking finding is that the people in the study who had hearing aids but didn’t use them regularly were as likely to die early as those who never used them. Choi was born with hearing loss in one ear. For years she says she refused the idea of wearing hearing aids, given that her hearing was good in the other ear. But when she became a doctor, she realized she was missing out. Now she uses hearing aids regularly. “There were many sounds I was missing,” she says. Now, her hearing has greatly improved. “I’m happy I got hearing aids,” she says. So, if you have hearing aids sitting in the back of a drawer, not being used, Choi says, try them again. 1．How did the researchers get the results? A．By interviewing a lot of patients. B．By referring to another related study. C．By performing some experiments. D．By examining harms of hearing loss. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The method to live a longer life. B．The purpose of the study. C．The necessity of wearing hearing aids. D．The reason for hearing aids to lengthen life. 3．What shocks Dr. Janet Choi? A．Few patients restore hearing. B．Some patients fail to get hearing aids. C．Most patients often misuse hearing aids. D．Many patients refuse to use hearing aids often. 4．What does the author aim to do by sharing Dr. Janet Choi’s personal experience? A．To show the benefits hearing aids can offer. B．To encourage patients to follow doctors’ advice. C．To stress Choi’s difficulty in wearing hearing aids. D．To explain the reason why Choi refused hearing aids. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了听力损失的危害，以及一项新研究发现使用助听器可以延长人们的寿命，并介绍了相关研究的内容。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a national study, Dr. Janet Choi, a scientist with Keck Medicine of USC, and her workmates tracked the situation of nearly 1,900 adults with hearing loss. (南加州大学凯克医学院的科学家Janet Choi博士和她的同事利用全国健康与营养调查的数据，对近1900名听力损失的成年人进行了跟踪调查)”可知，研究人员是通过参考一项全国性的相关调查研究来获得结果的。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“But this new study can’t prove that it’s the hearing aids that lead to longer life. It could be that people who regularly use hearing aids are also more likely to avoid being lonely, remain more active or have reduced risk of falls, which could explain the increased longevity (寿命). (但这项新研究并不能证明是助听器导致了更长的寿命。可能是经常使用助听器的人也更有可能避免孤独，保持更活跃，或者降低摔倒的风险，这可以解释寿命的延长)”可知，本段解释了为什么助听器能延长寿命，即可能是因为经常使用助听器的人更有可能避免孤独，保持活跃，或者降低摔倒的风险。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Given the benefits, Choi says it’s shocking how few people with hearing loss wear hearing aids regularly - just 12%, according to her study. (考虑到这些好处，Choi说，令人震惊的是，根据她的研究，只有12%的听力损失患者会定期佩戴助听器)”可知，令Dr. Janet Choi震惊的是，只有12%的听力损失患者经常佩戴助听器，即许多患者拒绝经常使用助听器。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Choi was born with hearing loss in one ear. For years she says she refused the idea of wearing hearing aids, given that her hearing was good in the other ear. But when she became a doctor, she realized she was missing out. Now she uses hearing aids regularly. ‘There were many sounds I was missing,’ she says. Now, her hearing has greatly improved. ‘I’m happy I got hearing aids,’ she says. (Choi一只耳朵天生就有听力损失。多年来，她说她一直拒绝戴助听器的想法，因为她的另一只耳朵听力很好。但当她成为一名医生后，她意识到自己错过了很多。现在她经常使用助听器。她说：“有很多声音我都错过了。”现在，她的听力大大提高了。“我很高兴我有了助听器，”她说)”和最后一段“So, if you have hearing aids sitting in the back of a drawer, not being used, Choi says, try them again.(所以，如果你有助听器放在抽屉后面，没有使用，Choi说，再试一次)”可知，作者通过分享Dr. Janet Choi的个人经历，旨在展示助听器的好处，并鼓励那些有听力损失但不使用助听器的人尝试使用助听器。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·泰安一中·期中） Roughly 42% of Americans are nearsighted today, compared to 25% in 1971. The WHO predicts that about half of the world’s population will have myopia, or nearsightedness, by 2050. It’s clear that our vision is becoming increasingly unclear. On seeing this, while our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: namely less time spent outdoors. Exposure to natural light stimulates dopamine (多巴胺), helping regulate normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn’t do the trick. Ideally, kids should get at least two hours of natural light a day. Still, our increased use of screens is a problem. Most screens are high contrast — like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background. It’s still a theory, but some scientists think that the contrast of reading a book or looking at a bright screen in a dark room might be over-stimulating our retinas (视网膜), causing more eye growth problems in children. A 2018 study in Scientific Records analyzed the retinal pathways when looking at black text on white backgrounds compared to natural environments, and concluded the contrast could stimulate myopia. Close work, like reading and looking closely at screens, has also been shown to cause myopia.    Researchers are working on ways to slow down rising myopia rates. A recent clinical trial found eye-drops with a low dose of atropine can slow myopia in kids. There’s also some early evidence that peripheral defocus lenses (周边离焦透镜) might help stop nearsightedness from worsening. It’s strongly recommended that regular eye examinations should be a must, for people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age, such as glaucoma, early cataracts and macular degeneration. You can also reduce eye pressure by making a few simple lifestyle changes, such as ensuring that you are reading or working in good light, and taking frequent breaks, etc. 1．What’s the real reason why so many people are nearsighted? A．Dramatically increased use of screens. B．Not enough exposure to natural light. C．Not having enough breaks when working. D．Looking at screens at a short distance. 2．Why does the author mention the 2018 study in Scientific Records? A．To call on readers to remove their incorrect eye habits. B．To prove to readers the seriousness of nearsightedness. C．To support the link between high contrast and myopia. D．To show he is well-informed of the advances in this field. 3．What can you do to improve the situation of your myopia? A．Work on your homework for hours on end. B．Apply eye-drops with a high dose of atropine. C．Wear specially-designed peripheral defocus lenses. D．Have an eye operation recommended at an early age. 4．What’s the main structure of this passage? A．Questions — answers. B．Problem — reasons — solutions. C．Problem — changes — effects. D．Viewpoint — arguments — conclusion. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近视率上升的现象，探讨了导致这一现象的可能原因，并提出了一些预防和缓解近视的措施。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段“On seeing this, while our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: namely less time spent outdoors. Exposure to natural light stimulates dopamine (多巴胺), helping regulate normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn’t do the trick. Ideally, kids should get at least two hours of natural light a day. (看到这一点，虽然我们的第一反应是责怪屏幕使用的增加，但专家认为真正的原因并不是这样，而是相关的：即户外活动的时间减少了。暴露在自然光下会刺激多巴胺，帮助调节眼球的正常生长和发育。室内照明并不能做到这一点。理想情况下，孩子们每天应该至少接受两个小时的自然光照射。)”可知，专家们认为真正的原因是户外活动时间减少，即缺乏足够的自然光照。故选B。 2．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Still, our increased use of screens is a problem. Most screens are high contrast—like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background. It’s still a theory, but some scientists think that the contrast of reading a book or looking at a bright screen in a dark room might be over-stimulating our retinas (视网膜), causing more eye growth problems in children. A 2018 study in Scientific Records analyzed the retinal pathways when looking at black text on white backgrounds compared to natural environments, and concluded the contrast could stimulate myopia. Close work, like reading and looking closely at screens, has also been shown to cause myopia. (然而，我们越来越多地使用屏幕是一个问题。大多数屏幕都是高对比度的——比如白色页面上的黑色文本，或者深色背景上的浅色文本。这仍然是一个理论，但一些科学家认为，在黑暗的房间里看书或看明亮的屏幕的对比可能会过度刺激我们的视网膜，导致更多的儿童眼睛发育问题。2018年发表在《科学记录》上的一项研究分析了在白色背景上看黑色文字和在自然环境下看黑色文字时的视网膜通路，并得出结论，这种对比可能会刺激近视。近距离工作，如阅读和近距离看屏幕，也被证明会导致近视。)”可知，作者提到2018年的这项研究是为了支持高对比度与近视之间联系的观点。故选C。 3．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“A recent clinical trial found eye-drops with a low dose of atropine can slow myopia in kids. There’s also some early evidence that peripheral defocus lenses (周边离焦透镜) might help stop nearsightedness from worsening. (最近的一项临床试验发现，含有低剂量阿托品的眼药水可以减缓儿童的近视。还有一些早期证据表明，周边离焦透镜可能有助于防止近视恶化。)”可知，配戴特别设计的周边离焦透镜可以帮助防止近视恶化。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Roughly 42% of Americans are nearsighted today, compared to 25% in 1971. The WHO predicts that about half of the world’s population will have myopia, or nearsightedness, by 2050. It’s clear that our vision is becoming increasingly unclear. (如今，大约42%的美国人患有近视，而1971年这一比例为25%。世界卫生组织预测，到2050年，世界上大约一半的人口将患有近视。很明显，我们的愿景正变得越来越不清晰。)”可知，第一段提出问题——近视问题日益严峻；第二段中的“On seeing this, while our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: namely less time spent outdoors. (看到这一点，虽然我们的第一反应是责怪屏幕使用的增加，但专家认为真正的原因并不是这样，而是相关的：即户外活动的时间减少了。)”、第三段中的“Still, our increased use of screens is a problem. (然而，我们越来越多地使用屏幕是一个问题。)”可知，第二、三段分析原因——从科学角度分析造成近视的原因；第四段中的“Researchers are working on ways to slow down rising myopia rates.(研究人员正在研究减缓近视率上升的方法。)”、第五段中的“It’s strongly recommended that regular eye examinations should be a must, for people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age, such as glaucoma, early cataracts and macular degeneration. (强烈建议定期进行眼科检查，因为近视的人随着年龄的增长，患青光眼、早期白内障和黄斑变性等眼部疾病的风险更高。)”可知，第四、五段解决问题——如何缓解近视问题的可行办法。文章的主要结构是“问题—原因—解决方案”。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·济宁一中·期中） Math is everywhere in our life, from working out the bill after dinner to your personal costs. While some people enjoy solving math problems, many others are afraid of the moment when they have to deal with numbers and feel really anxious. It might seem discouraging, but this “math anxiety” is quite common, and you’re far from being the only one who feels this way. Besides, our worries and fears don’t always show how able we are. The reason for this problem often begins to appear in our childhood at school. Studies have shown that math teachers who feel nervous about teaching the subject can pass their anxiety to their students, and girls might be more affected by this anxiety. According to the Program for International Student Assessment, around 31% of 15 and 16-year-olds in 34 countries said that they felt very nervous when solving math problems, 33% said they got nervous doing math homework, and nearly60% worried that math classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC that providing students, especially girls, with good role models “is important, especially at a young age.” She believes the key is to have people, especially women who love teaching math, educate younger kids. David Robson, writing for BBC Future, mentioned, “It’s unclear why math causes so much fear compared to other subjects like geography. But knowing there’s a right or wrong answer might make you more anxious about not doing well.” And if we believe that we’re not “math people”, we may question about ourselves and avoid solving problems that we could deal with. Researchers have been trying to work out why mental math can make us nervous. This fear might come from all kinds of sources, but some suggest that openly expressing your fears can weaken their control on you and encourage children to see math tests as challenges rather than threat (威胁). We need to have a positive view on math and give it another try. 1．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? A．Girls are better at math than boys. B．Math classes are difficult for everyone. C．Students’ anxiety only comes from teachers. D．Math anxiety in childhood affect students’ confidence. 2．What might happen if someone believes they’re not a “math person”? A．They will study math harder. B．They will doubt their abilities. C．They will face challenges bravely. D．They won’t see math as a threat. 3．According to the last paragraph, what are children advised to do? A．Find the reasons of math fear positively. B．Give up challenges to avoid anxiety actively. C．Speak out their fears for improvement bravely. D．Examine the reasons for math failure carefully. 4．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Math Anxiety: How to Fix It? B．Math Application: How to use Math? C．Math Learning: The Key to Success in All Fields. D．Math Competition: Race between Boys and Girls. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。许多人有“数学焦虑症”，文章主要分析了其原因以及给出了一些建议。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The reason for this problem often begins to appear in our childhood at school. Studies have shown that math teachers who feel nervous about teaching the subject can pass their anxiety to their students, and girls might be more affected by this anxiety. According to the Program for International Student Assessment, around 31% of 15 and 16-year-olds in 34 countries said that they felt very nervous when solving math problems, 33% said they got nervous doing math homework, and nearly60% worried that math classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC that providing students, especially girls, with good role models “is important, especially at a young age.” She believes the key is to have people, especially women who love teaching math, educate younger kids.(这个问题的原因往往开始出现在我们的童年在学校。研究表明，在教学过程中感到紧张的数学老师会把他们的焦虑传递给学生，而女孩可能更容易受到这种焦虑的影响。根据国际学生评估项目的数据，在34个国家中，约有31%的15岁和16岁的学生表示，他们在解决数学问题时感到非常紧张，33%的人表示他们在做数学作业时感到紧张，近60%的人担心数学课会很难。波士顿大学奎斯特罗姆商学院的舒拉米特·卡恩告诉BBC，为学生，尤其是女孩，提供好的榜样“很重要，尤其是在年轻的时候。”她认为，关键是让人们，尤其是那些热爱数学教学的女性，来教育年幼的孩子。)”可知，第二段的主旨是童年数学焦虑影响学生的自信心。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“And if we believe that we’re not “math people”, we may question about ourselves and avoid solving problems that we could deal with.(如果我们认为我们不是“数学人”，我们可能会质疑自己，避免解决我们可以处理的问题。)”可知，如果有人认为自己不是“数学人”，他们会怀疑自己的能力。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This fear might come from all kinds of sources, but some suggest that openly expressing your fears can weaken their control on you and encourage children to see math tests as challenges rather than threat (威胁).(这种恐惧可能来自各种各样的来源，但有些人认为，公开表达你的恐惧可以削弱他们对你的控制，并鼓励孩子将数学考试视为挑战而不是威胁。)”可知，建议孩子们勇敢地说出他们对改进的担忧。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“While some people enjoy solving math problems, many others are afraid of the moment when they have to deal with numbers and feel really anxious. It might seem discouraging, but this “math anxiety” is quite common, and you’re far from being the only one who feels this way. Besides, our worries and fears don’t always show how able we are.(虽然有些人喜欢解决数学问题，但许多人害怕处理数字的那一刻，感到非常焦虑。这可能看起来令人沮丧，但这种“数学焦虑”很常见，你并不是唯一一个有这种感觉的人。此外，我们的担忧和恐惧并不总是表明我们有多能干。)”可知，文章主要说明了许多人有“数学焦虑症”，并分析了其原因以及给出了一些建议。由此可知，A选项“数学焦虑：如何解决？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 4 （20-21学年高一上·山东省实验中学·期中） A group of researchers in South West England suspected that young teens who were remote schooling due to the COVID-19 pandemic might be feeling more anxious. When they conducted a survey, however, what they found was surprising to them: the students were actually experiencing less anxiety. The study, which was carried out by researchers at the university of Bristol, made use of an already ongoing study dealing with social media use and teen mental health. The participants had already done a baseline survey before the pandemic in October 2019. To assess the impact of the pandemic, another survey was done during the April/May time frame. Over 1000 year-nine students from 17 secondary schools in South West England were involved in the study. The team found that 54 percent of 13-to14-year-old girls were at risk of anxiety prior to the pandemic, with that figure dropping by 10 percent during lockdown. Twenty-six percent of boys in the same age group were at risk during the initial survey, compared to 18 percent during lockdown. Many of the teens also reported an increased sense of well-being while they were in lockdown.Boys reported a bigger improvement than girls.Also, those who reported the lowest sense of well-being prior to the pandemic experienced the greatest improvement. Emily Widnall MSc, who was the lead of author of the study, said that she and her team were surprised when they said the results of the survey. “However when taking a step back,” she said, “we know that school for many young people can be quiet anxiety-provoking in terms of exam pressure and challenging peer relationships including bullying. This has been a really rare opportunity to understand how younger teenagers feel without the day-to-day pressures of school life. ”   Many students also reported feeling a greater connection to their schools with increased opportunities to talk with their teachers despite not physically being at school. “It may be because digital platforms could play a bigger role as a learning tool.” 1．Why did Emily carry out the research? A．To figure out why the teens were anxious during lockdown. B．To evaluate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on teen mental health. C．To find out to fight with the COVID-19 pandemic. D．To know how social media use affect teens. 2．What does the underline words “ prior to ” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Junior to. B．Precious to. C．Equal to. D．Familiar to. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Boys suffered from high level of anxiety than girls. B．Girls reported a bigger improvement in the sense of well-being than boys. C．The study was made up of data collected on two different occasions. D．Remote schooling can help teens get rid of pressures. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Teens felt greater connections to schools. B．The pandemic had influence on teens. C．Teens reported mental improvements in lockdown. D．Social media helped the teens relieve stress. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍，研究表明，受新冠疫情影响接受远程教育的青少年实际感受到的焦虑没有研究人员想象的多，甚至得到了改善。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“The study, which was carried out by researchers at the university of Bristol, made use of an already ongoing study dealing with social media use and teen mental health.（这项研究是由布里斯托尔大学的研究人员进行的，利用了一项已经在进行的关于社交媒体使用和青少年心理健康的研究。）”和“To assess the impact of the pandemic, another survey was done during the April/May time frame.（为了评估大流行的影响，在4月/5月的时间框架内进行了另一项调查。）”中的to access表明了Emily做这项研究的目的是评估新冠疫情对青少年心理健康方面的影响。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线部分后面“with that figure dropping by 10 percent during lockdown.（在居家隔离期间，这一数字下降了10% 。）”中的during可推知，疫情期间下降了10%，那前文应该是疫情爆发之前（prior to），13至14岁女孩焦虑危险焦虑比例达到54%。previous to意为“在……之前”，与precious to同义。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“The study, which was carried out by researchers at the university of Bristol, made use of an already ongoing study dealing with social media use and teen mental health. The participants had already done a baseline survey before the pandemic in October 2019. To assess the impact of the pandemic, another survey was done during the April/May time frame.（这项研究是由布里斯托尔大学的研究人员进行的，利用了一项已经在进行的关于社交媒体使用和青少年心理健康的研究。参与者在2019年10月大流行之前已经进行了一次基线调查。为了评估大流行的影响，在4月/5月的时间框架内进行了另一项调查。）”中的made use of可推知，这项研究是基于社交媒体使用和青少年心理健康这两项数据的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第三段“The team found that 54 percent of 13-to14-year-old girls were at risk of anxiety prior to the pandemic, with that figure dropping by 10 percent during lockdown. Twenty-six percent of boys in the same age group were at risk during the initial survey, compared to 18 percent during lockdown.（研究小组发现，54% 的13至14岁女孩在疫情爆发前有焦虑的危险，在一级防范禁闭期间，这一数字下降了10% 。在最初的调查中，同一年龄段的男孩中有26% 处于危险之中，而在禁闭期间这一比例为18% 。）”中的“焦虑比例下降”以及第四段“Many of the teens also reported an increased sense of well-being while they were in lockdown. Boys reported a bigger improvement than girls. Also, those who reported the lowest sense of well-being prior to the pandemic experienced                        the greatest improvement.（许多青少年还报告说，在关禁闭期间，他们的幸福感有所增强。男孩比女孩有更大的进步。此外，那些在大流行之前报告幸福感最低的人经历了最大的改善。）”中的“幸福感增强”可知，本文主要介绍青少年报告在禁闭期间的精神状况有所改善。”故选C项。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——旅游 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东临沂·期中） In East China’s Anhui province there is a 2-meter-wide lane (巷) that separates a pair of gray walls. This lane became famous after Wang Qishan, head of the ruling Party’s Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, visited it on Nov 15, 2014. During the weeklong Spring Festival of 2016, the lane was filled with thousands of visitors each day, drawn to the 100-meter-long lane by the story behind its creation, and the lessons that can be learned from it. The name comes from the Chinese word for “six” and “chi”, a traditional Chinese unit of length (长度) which is about one-third of a meter. It was so named because of its width (宽度), and in the early Qing Dynasty it served as the boundary (界线) between the houses of two families. To the south was the Zhang family and to the north the Wus. Both had men members in high positions within Emperor Kangxi’s court, or in other areas around the country. But the two families quarreled. That was because of the boundary between their houses, and which family had the right to build a wall on the dividing line. After trying, and failing, the Zhangs wrote to Zhang Ying, their most famous family member and a trusted top official in the Emperor’s court. He did not provide the support what his family had hoped for. Instead, he called for his family to step back one meter from the boundary. The suggestion was so moved that both did exactly that and the lane was born. The ancient buildings have been torn down many years ago, but people are still drawn to the area because of the story behind it. The local government made a plan to rebuild the original houses in 2011. The detailed plan and design will be finished by the end of 2016. 1．What draw people to visit the 2-meter-wide lane? A．The beautiful building style along the lane. B．The great people living nearby the lane. C．The story and the meaning of the lane. D．The length and the width of the lane. 2．What was the purpose of the family writing to Zhang Ying? A．They wanted to get support to build a wall on the dividing line. B．They wanted him to come back and have a look at the wall. C．They wanted to get some money to build the wall. D．They wanted him to design a wall on the dividing line for them. 3．What does the underlined phrase “torn down” mean in the last paragraph? A．Covered with. B．Pulled down. C．Given back. D．Sent out. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．A Famous Official B．A Terrible Family War C．The Historic Buildings D．The Liuchi Lane Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·滨州一中·期中） Brighton is one of the most untraditional cities in the UK. Here are four of the best things to do in Brighton. Go to one of the city's old-styled bars (酒吧) Whatever you’re in Brighton for, checking out the old-styled bars is a must-do while you’re there. The place to start is the Twisted Lemon's cocktail hour. Though the bar itself is small, the menu is not, with pages and pages of award-winning cocktails. It is a great place for conversation over some drinks. Find a bargain in the North Laine The best of the North Laine is Snoopers Paradise. It is a flea (跳蚤) market with over90 unique sellers, selling everything from shoes to beautiful Tiffany lamps. It's almost impossible to walk out without buying something or without having spent an hour in there. Explore Kemptown If you're looking to experience the “bohemian” style Brighton is famous for, Kemptown is the place. Kemptown Bookshop is a great place to find any new book you need in a quiet, friendly shop. At night the area is livelier though, with a lot of famous bars. You can head to the Hobgoblin for a lively feeling. Visit the Sea Lanes The Sea Lanes are a newly rebuilt area, with a six-lane (泳道) swimming pool by the sea. The idea of the pool is to allow people to swim at all times of the year, as, sometimes, weather conditions can mean the sea is too unsafe to swim in. After you finish, there is a bar you can relax in. 1．What is special about Twisted Lemon? A．It offers good cocktails. B．It has a small menu. C．It has won awards. D．It holds talk shows. 2．Where can a visitor buy a second-hand book? A．Twisted Lemon. B．Snoopers Paradise. C．Kemptown Bookshop. D．Sea Lanes. 3．What do Kemptown and the Sea Lanes have in common? A．They are crowded and noisy. B．They are designed for kids. C．They have places for drinking. D．They provide a year-round pool. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东枣庄·期中） When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends. The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,” said Hall. The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. 1．What is the new study mainly about? A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends. C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship. 2．What do we know about the participants in the study? A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends. C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city. 3．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Usually. B．Actively. C．Seldom. D．Confidently. 4．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall? A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them. C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·泰安一中·期中） We all remember that first cry at the movies. Whether they are tears of joy or sadness, it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen. In fact, it all comes from a plan. But what about those heart- breaking stories... for kids? They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world. Actually, many great kids’ movies filled with tragedy (悲剧) are purposefully meant to stir up kids’ strong feelings. According to Aristotle,  tragedy aids us in facing life’s unsolvable issues through sensible (理智的) thinking. Therefore, the existence of tragedy in kids’ movies is to teach kids to handle, to understand and to heal. The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss, especially if it’s sudden. The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba, who experiences the loss of his father. Kids see themselves in Simba’s character. He has dreams. He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world. But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss. Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry? The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. Hakuna Matata! Yes, the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you. It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age. Sadness should not be ignored (忽视). It’s important to feel sad, and that is why these films are so great. In Dumbo, Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia, we lose our beloved characters. This quite upsets kids, but it teaches them to accept sadness and makes something new out of it. So, what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie? It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata. 1．Why does the author mention “first cry” in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To recommend a movie. C．To support an argument. D．To explain the reason. 2．What does the underlined phrase “Hakuna Matata” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Viewing sadness as a treatment. B．Seeking knowledge to enrich life. C．Challenging oneself with tragic losses. D．Heading forward without being caught. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Children can find a way to hide sad feelings. B．Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy. C．Sad kids’ movies prepare children for tough times. D．Sad kids’ movies help children to escape from reality. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Are Great Kids’ Movies So Sad? B．What Is the Power of Great Kids’ Movies? C．Life’s Hardest Lesson: How Kids’ Movies Inspire Us? D．Moving Beyond Reality: What Sad Kids’ Movies Teach Us? Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·济宁一中·期中） A recent study has shown an interesting finding: more men, instead of women, are choosing to adopt (领养) adult cats. This discovery goes against the common belief that cats are mainly loved by women, while dogs are seen as the loyal (忠诚的) friends of men. The study shows a big difference between men and women when it comes to choosing pets to adopt. Over the past four years, 1.5 million men have welcomed the joy of having adult cats as their family, while only1 million women have done so. The strong relation between a man and his furry (毛茸茸的) friend is clear from the study’s findings. While little cats may be cute and playful, there are good reasons why men might prefer adult cats, especially if they want a loyal and fun pet. Unlike taking care of a little cat, which can be hard work, adult cats already have their own personalities. This means that people can enjoy the company of a cat with clear behavior right away. Adopting an adult cat gives you company right away without needing as much care as a little cat. This makes them a great choice for men who have busy schedules or don’t have much time for pet training. Adult cats already know how to use the litter box and have basic feeding habits, which is perfect for busy people. Michael Bellingham, the head of UK Pet Food, said he was surprised by the growing number of men adopting older cats. “This year’s research looks at how pets can have a big effect on our lives, from helping us feel less lonely to making us happier. One-fifth of the people with mental (心理的) health problems we interviewed wanted pets to be included in prescriptions, as they can help treat their problems.” So, for men who are thinking about getting a furry friend, adopting an adult cat might be the best choice. It gives you a pet that doesn’t need as much care and can also help with your mental health, making it a good deal for both the owner and the pet. 1．What can be learned about the recent study in paragraph 1? A．Many families benefit from caring for pets. B．Women enjoy being surrounded by cute cats. C．Dogs have always been men’s most loyal friends. D．Men prefer to adopt adult cats compared to women. 2．According to the study’s finding, why do men choose to adopt adult cats? A．They can cure serious diseases. B．They can take care of their owners. C．They have fully developed personalities. D．They are cute and playful to their owners. 3．Which of the following can replace the word “prescription” in paragraph 3? A．Medical guidance. B．Job interview. C．Personal preference. D．Travel brochure. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to adopting adult cats? A．Confused. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东青岛·期中） The writer Patricia Pearson had expressed her longing for a more carefree life for children. I also have memories of a carefree childhood: of biking without a helmet (头盔), going through the woods to the beach, walking all over my neighborhood at any time of day or night, without any fear or concern. Unfortunately, for our children, the lifestyle we enjoyed no longer exists. The way we were able to play and relate to others has changed greatly. There is more traffic, and there are simply more people and fewer connections, even among neighbors. Therefore, helmets, sunscreen, life jackets are required nowadays because they keep our children safe. And when my son and his friends fell off their bikes, I was grateful that their heads were protected. The facts about anxiety in children are clear. In my opinion, anxiety in children comes from overscheduling, and ignorance of a child’s interests by parents. Parents spend less and less time with their kids and expect more and more out of them. Moms and Dads, put your cellphones down and build castles with your child. Let your kid frost a cookie without instructing him on what color it should be, where the eyes go and not to “mess it up”. Kids love to be creative and independent and to learn new things; most of all, they love it when you tell them you’re proud of them. While I understand Patricia Pearson’s reasons for missing the good old times, I do not believe you can honestly compare two generations without putting it into the context of today’s world, because we live in an environment that breaks bad news across the globe 24 hours a day. A world in which skin cancer claims the lives of thousands each year, mostly as a result of sun exposure before their 18th birthday. Yes, the world has changed, and not necessarily for the better. So, why should we hate a little sunscreen? After all, it is the care from parents and has never hurt anybody. 1．What are children nowadays most likely to do according to paragraph 1? A．They play late in night without permission. B．They use sunscreen if they are in the sunlight. C．They are free to ride a bike without protection. D．They have close relationship with their neighbors. 2．According to the author, responsible parents should ________. A．make decisions for children B．spend quality time with children C．plan daily activities for children D．set high standards for children 3．What does the author think of the two generations? A．They share the similar lifestyles. B．They are faced with health challenges. C．Their attitudes towards their parents are hugely divided. D．Differences in their childhood result from social changes. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Changes in lifestyle have taken place. B．Care is necessary to live a carefree life. C．Memories are brought back to the writer. D．Too much anxiety puts children in danger. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山东烟台·期中） “No!” That’s the word we hear in the latest cute baby video that spreads quickly. But it’s not the words that baby Orla says that have made this video so popular. It’s the fact that her pronunciation clearly mimics that of Liverpool in Britain, which makes her sound more like locals in Liverpool. This now-famous baby may only have been born in 2022, but the different accents (口音) of babies have been investigated for many years. In 2009 Professor Caroline and her team conducted a study. They compared French babies with German babies and found that French babies tend to cry with a rising tone (声调), while German babies’ cries often have a falling tone. They also found American and French babies reflect syllables (音节) from English and French separately, and that babies with parents who speak a tonal language, like Mandarin, have a greater range of tones in their crying. So why does this happen? As children develop, they practice making the sounds of the language that they hear around them. It’s natural that they pick up sounds and rhythms around them. In fact, babies start to learn language from their mother about three months before birth. However, it’s not just the language of immediate family and caregivers that has an impact. Caroline’s studies show that children are more likely to learn the accent of their environment than that of a parent who has an accent that is foreign to that location. What the studies also show is that babies are learning language through practice, and that the more time parents spend interacting with their children, the greater the opportunity for them to learn. While babies may not be able to say many words, studies show that they can understand many times the number of words that they can actually say. Giving babies exposure to a greater number of words allows them to better build their vocabulary. 1．What does the underlined word “mimics” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Corrects. B．Develops. C．Copies. D．Affects. 2．How did Caroline prove the different accents of babies? A．By making comparisons. B．By presenting opinions. C．By doing a questionnaire survey. D．By describing an experience. 3．What does paragraph 3 stress? A．Parents’ special methods of raising children. B．Several stages of kids’ language development. C．Home language’s influence on the growth of kids. D．Surroundings’ role in children’s acquiring accents. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Babies’ language ability depends on their ages. B．Babies can teach themselves a large vocabulary. C．Babies can speak more words than they can make out. D．Babies’ interaction with adults is helpful in learning words. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山东潍坊·期中） Little kids are much more likely to remember a thing that is unimaginable to them, a team reports in the journal PNAS. Feigenson, an expert at Johns Hopkins University and Aimee Stahl of The College of New Jersey did an experiment that included 335 2-and 3-year-olds. “We wanted to know how little kids think about possibilities,” Feigenson says. Their first challenge was getting the attention of kids that young, so the scientists designed a special machine filled with toys. It turns out that the chance to put a little coin in a machine and get a prize is a drive to kids. When the little kids got a toy from the machine, the scientists told them it had a made-up name: Blick. Later, they were asked to point to the Blick among many toys. When the little kids knew the transparent (透明的) machine held Blicks, they were unsurprised by their prize and usually forgot its name. This was true even when the machine had only one or two Blicks among lots of other toys. But the little kids behaved very differently when they got a Blick from a machine that appeared to have none, a seemingly impossible thing. “Often, “kids’ eyes get wide, and their mouths open, and they look at their mom in surprise that this has happened,” Feigenson says. Moreover, when little kids met this completely unexpected result, they usually remembered the Blick’s name. They are really driven to learn. The results further prove that even very young children learn better when they meet the unexpected, says Andrew Shtulman, an expert at Occidental College. “It causes a level of surprise that leads to more attention, better understanding of the things, and better continuous attention of those things later on,” he adds, “If you want children to learn something deeply and for a long time, you go against their expectations before introducing that information.” 1．What does the experiment focus on? A．Little kids’ imagination. B．Little kids’ rememberance. C．Little kids’ curiosity about learning. D．Little kids’ behaviour to possibilities. 2．What does the underlined word “this” refer to in paragraph 3? A．They had no interest in the result. B．They had no confidence in winning. C．They had difficulty in concentrating. D．They did well in telling the difference. 3．How did little kids find the machine without Blicks? A．They were amazed. B．They were annoyed. C．They were satisfied. D．They were frightened. 4．What is Andrew Shtulman’s suggestion on children’s learning? A．Offer information directly. B．Teach them as they expect. C．Provide more teaching methods. D．Surprise the kids to learn better. 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东青岛·期中） Scientists have discovered that climate change is killing the scent(香味)of flowers and their scent may be lost forever. Climate change is also the reason Kuala Lumpur City Hall is turning to trees, because flowers have been dying fast. It was getting too costly to beautify the city. City Hall would continue to plant trees more suited for breathing in the increasing pollution and dealing with global warming. Dr. Abdul Latif Mohamad, a professor at University Kebangsaan Malaysia(UKM), said genetically modified(转基因)flowers might be the way out. Latif said UKM might have offered reasons as to why some insects were not spreading flower seeds, which was caused by the missing “scent track” due to global warming. “The scent producing chemical mixture in flowers dry up faster now compared with before.” The only way out, he said, was to genetically modify the flowers so that the effects would not be everlasting and the future generation would enjoy nature’s beauty. “The act is almost like producing oils from flowers. Scientists add on certain chemicals for stronger scent.” He said scents in flowers last longer in colder climates as plants can hold on to their oils longer. “But locally, we fear the scent might be lost forever,” said Latif. With flowers sending forth less scent, the insects and butterflies are travelling further and longer to get nectar(花蜜). Birds and insects were heading towards hilly areas and deeper into the places where the weather is cooler. Upon research, Latif’s team also discovered that the flowers were no longer pollinated(授粉)after dust blocked the growth of stigmas(柱头). Latif said Malaysians could no longer depend on nature to get better by itself without the help of science, and needed to follow in the footsteps of Europe and the United States, which have poured millions in the research of genetically modified seeds. 1．What happens to the flowers? A．Their prices get higher. B．They are not as sweet as before. C．They replace trees to beautify the city. D．They can’t survive the heavy pollution. 2．What do the underlined words “The act” in paragraph 2 refer to ? A．To spread flower seeds. B．To find scent track. C．To genetically modify the flowers. D．To enjoy nature’s beauty. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Challenges lie ahead for local flowers. B．Scientists’ research brings hope to flowers. C．Insects change their habits in cold weather. D．The heavy dust is a problem to flowers. 4．What does Latif suggest people do? A．Follow the laws of nature. B．Make the most of science. C．Raise money for research. D．Protect local environment. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山东烟台·期中） Orcas, also known as killer whales, are the largest members of the dolphin family. They hunt in schools of up to 40 individuals and are famous for their group attack on sea creatures. But orcas seldom attack humans. However, since 2020, groups of orcas have struck about 700 boats off the coasts of Spain, Portugal, France and Morocco. They have damaged (损坏) at least seven boats. Experts now believe what the orcas did is the result of bored teenage orcas having fun. After observing fifteen young orcas, a research team, led by Alex Zerbini, found that the orcas approached the boats slowly. Once close, they appeared to simply want to nudge their noses or heads against the rudder (船舵). Given that these young orcas measure between 2.7 and 4.2 meters in length, just a gentle touch was enough to damage the rudders and even the boats. “As they play with the rudder, they don’t understand that they can damage the rudder and will affect human beings. It’s more playful than purposeful,” one researcher said. The researchers thought the teenage orcas’ boredom results from the increase in the population of their primary food source — the bluefin tuna. With plenty of food, they have a lot more time on their hands. They guessed the action may have been started by a curious individual attracted to the moving boat and may have inspired the others to do the same. Zerbini and his team give some suggestions about being far away from orcas when possible. While people are in the areas where orcas often appear, try to reduce the speed of the boats. Making banging sounds around the boat may keep the whales away. They also suggest boat owners replace the smooth rudder surface with special materials. This will make the boats less fun to “play” with. “We don’t want to see more boats being damaged, and we don’t want to see people in trouble,” Zerbini said. “But we also don’t want to see orcas and other animals being hurt. We have to remember that this is their home, and we’re in the way.” 1．What does the text focus on about orcas? A．Their unusual behavior. B．Their feeding habit. C．Their high intelligence. D．Their quick reaction. 2．Why do orcas strike the boats according to the research? A．To search for food. B．To seek pleasure. C．To try to communicate. D．To practice hunting skills. 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us? A．How to find orcas’ tracks. B．How to draw orcas to the rudder. C．How to tell the sounds from orcas. D．How to avoid encounters with orcas. 4．What do we know from Zerbini’s words? A．We should live at peace with animals. B．We should build more high-quality boats. C．People face challenges in developing fishery. D．People have perfected creatures’ living environment. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山东潍坊·期中） In the first half of the twentieth century, Karl von Frisch, a scientist who studied animal behavior, changed our impression of honey bees by discovering the “waggle (摇摆) dance”, which may not be considered as a language, but a form of communication. It was one of our first understandings that bees do something like what we call “thinking”. Clint Perry, a scientist at Queen Mary University of London, has spent much time studying how bees think. He gave bees a choice between landing on a place above a black bar (横木) or a place below it. If they landed above the bar, they would find a delicious sugary drink. If they chose the place below the black bar, they found a terrible drink. He made the test harder or easier by moving the landing places farther from or closer to the black bar. But bees also had the choice of avoiding the task if they weren’t sure they would succeed. Perry found that bees avoided the test when it was difficult and gave it a try when it was easy. Perry pointed out that we can’t know for sure from tests like this whether bees are actually judging by their own knowledge or simply quitting the task because of an unhappy connection with the terrible drink. Scientists still do not know how bees manage to do so much with their tiny brains. No one is suggesting that bees are as smart as humans, at least not when it comes to things like memory and language. But learning more about how bees’ brains work could help us learn more about how our own brains deal with information. We may also have to rethink how we view the rest of the insect world. There are a lot of small creatures (生物) flying around in the garden. Who knows what those tiny minds might be able to do? 1．Why does the author mention Karl von Frisch in the first paragraph? A．To introduce a famous scientist. B．To change the impression of bees. C．To show early study of bees’ thinking. D．To stress the importance of bees’ study. 2．How did Clint Perry make the task difficult? A．By setting more choices. B．By giving challenging orders. C．By making landing places farther. D．By reducing the sweet level of the drinks. 3．What is Clint Perry’s attitude to the result of the research? A．Supportive. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Insects’ thinking ability will improve. B．The number of small insects will increase. C．Study on insects’ brains has a long way to go. D．Insects’ life habits will be a focus of research. 主题01 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东临沂·期中） In Europe, we’ve been drinking coffee in many kinds of ways since at least the 15th century; the first coffee shop was opened up in 1650 in Oxford, Britain. For centuries, we were satisfied with the simple coffee beans, hot water, sugar and milk combination, but the past few years have seen a newly developed ways of drinking coffee. Latte (拿铁咖啡) is what can be used to see the fashion of changes. Chai latte was a huge hit until news of its rich sugar came out; turmeric latte was named the “breakout star” in Google’s Food Trends report of 2016. But in the past 12 months, a new trend has been rising, one that shows young people’s chase after popular food and drinks knows no ends. The latest type is mushroom (蘑菇) coffee that makes some delighted but some tired. On supermarket shelves and in cafes, we’re increasingly being showed to the drink, which is useful to control and balance the blood sugar levels. According to data collected by the company, Hitwise, there have been a huge number of people in search of the mushroom coffee, most of those aged 25 to 34. Mushroom coffee doesn’t mean you have to eat or drink some kinds of mushroom. But instead, it contains some expensive traditional Chinese medicine that is now made into coffee. Mushroom coffee tends to be a mixture of regular coffee powder (粉) with the powdered mushroom and Chinese medicine, which provides an earthy taste for the drink. To make it much tastier, it’s often sold with milk or a sweetener. Studies on the health advantages of the things used in mushroom coffee are promising. This kind of coffee is better for nearly all ages, especially for the middle aged. However, some scientists on nutrition (营养学) don’t agree. There is no great evidence that a cup of hot mushroom coffee will give people anything beyond the regular advantages of coffee. “It’s unlikely that mushroom coffee will be chased after by all the people. If you like it, enjoy a cup, but it’s not a magical thing,” nutritionist Charlotte Stirling-Reed said. 1．Who are most likely to buy the mushroom coffee in the supermarket? A．The ones who need to stay up late every night. B．The ones who have to study for a long time. C．The ones who have too much pressure in daily life. D．The ones who need to face the blood sugar problem. 2．According to the passage, mushroom coffee ________. A．is a mixture of regular coffee powder with the pieces of mushrooms B．drinking is just like you are eating some special kinds of mushrooms C．presents an earthy taste to the drinkers without milk or sweeteners D．will be sold at a higher price because of the expensive medicine in it 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Some nutritionists disagree to the special effects of mushroom coffee. B．Charlotte Stirling-Reed regards mushroom coffee as a magical thing. C．A cup of hot mushroom coffee has more advantages than the regular coffee. D．Some nutritionists are chasing after the fashion for mushroom coffee. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·滨州一中·期中） In the rushing modern society, it can be all too easy to skip(不吃) a meal or two.You might even do it on purpose. A new study suggests going without one of the standard three meals a day might have a serious downside. 24,000 people participated (参加) in the study. Around 30 percent of the participants often had fewer than three meals a day. According to the data (数据), those who were younger, male, with less of an education and a lower family income, were more likely to skip meals. Meal-skipping was also more common among those who smoked more, drank more, ate less healthy food, had more snacks, and took in less energy overall. Compared with participants eating three meals per day, the risk for participants eating one meal per day was 30% higher for all-cause death, and 83% higher for cardiovascular(心血管的) disease(CVD) death. Those who ate two meals a day had a 7% increased risk of all-cause death and a 10% increased risk of cardiovascular death. The CVD death rate of the participants who skipped breakfast was40% higher compared with those who did not. The all-cause death risk was 12% higher for skipping lunch and 16% higher for skipping dinner compared with those who did not. Skipping breakfast was connected with a greater risk of dying from CVD, while skipping lunch or dinner was connected with a greater risk of all-cause death, including a rise in CVD risk. There was even a problem for those who ate all three meals but had them too close together. Eating two neighbouring meals within 4.5 hours of each other was also shown to be connected with increased all-cause death risk. While the study seems to make messages difficult that suggest intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食) could be good for you, the data stresses the importance of regular refueling stops for the body. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Who would skip meals. B．How the research is done. C．Why people skip meals. D．What the course of the study is. 2．How is meal-skipping connected with diseases? A．Meal-skipping can reduce the risk of diseases. B．Meal-skipping makes no difference to diseases. C．The chances of diseases rise with more meal-skippings. D．It's hard to tell the influence of meal-skipping on diseases. 3．What do the underlined words “regular refueling stops” in the last paragraph mean? A．Skipping meals sometimes. B．Skipping a fixed meal. C．Having meals at your will. D．Having meals at the right time. 4．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Fasting is a good way for health. B．Good eating habits can treat CVD． C．Eating meals on time is healthier. D．Meals should be taken close enough. Passage 3 （20-21学年高一上·山东省实验一中·期中） When Americans think of the lunch menu at their childhood school cafeterias, they probably imagine a shapeless, tasteless pile of mystery meat – plus some brown much（糊状物）,to match. But for children in Japan, school lunches are a rich experience where the students learn about culture and nutrition of foods. “Japan’s standpoint is that school lunches are a part of education, not a break from it,” Masahiro Oji, a government director of school health education in Japan, told The Washington Post.The food offered at schools in Japan is affordable, fresh, and made by the students themselves. And Japanese children don’t just eat the food they prepare; they learn about the nutritional and cultural elements of their meals, too. The food is grown locally and includes a balanced menu of rice, vegetable, fish and soups. As a bonus, each meal costs just $2.50. “Parents hear their kids talking about what they had for lunch,” Tatsuji Shino, the principal at Umejima Elementary School in Tokyo, told The Washington Post, “and kids ask them to re-create the meals at home.” Japanese students also learn cooperation and etiquette（礼仪）as they serve and clean up after each other. Considering the fact that Japan has one of the world’s lowest childhood obesity rates（肥胖率）, the U.S. probably has a lot to learn from this country’s school lunches. A recent study found that American students who regularly ate the school lunch – where foods to be chosen include pizza, chicken and French fries – were 29 percent more likely to be obese than those who brought lunch from home. From American parents who want to be a little more like the Japanese, try sending your children to school with these unique school lunches for kids who hate sandwiches. 1．Why did the author mention American school lunches at the beginning of the text? A．To show different food cultures. B．To express sympathy for the American. C．To criticize American school lunches. D．To introduce Japanese school lunches. 2．What’s the Japanese point of view on school lunches? A．Kids should have school lunches for free. B．School lunches must be prepared by students. C．Kids can’t bring lunches to school from home. D．School lunches shouldn’t be separated from school education. 3．What does the author want to tell us in the fourth paragraph? A．American school lunches are likely to make people fat. B．American school lunches are more popular. C．More people prefer studying at American schools. D．American kids are the fattest in the world. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards American school lunches? A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Unconcerned. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东菏泽·期中） Research shows hearing loss, if left untreated, can increase the risk of falls and social loneliness. One study from scientists at Johns Hopkins University found that even people with mild hearing loss doubled their risk of dementia (痴呆症). Now a new study finds that restoring (恢复) hearing with hearing aids may lengthen people’s lives. Using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a national study, Dr. Janet Choi, a scientist with Keck Medicine of USC, and her workmates tracked the situation of nearly 1,900 adults with hearing loss. The adults completed a list of questions about their use of hearing aids. “The group of patients who were using hearing aids regularly had a 24% lower risk of death than the group who never use hearing aids,” Choi says. It means the adults who were in the habit of wearing hearing aids were less likely to die early. But this new study can’t prove that it’s the hearing aids that lead to longer life. It could be that people who regularly use hearing aids are also more likely to avoid being lonely, remain more active or have reduced risk of falls, which could explain the increased longevity (寿命). Given the benefits, Choi says it’s shocking how few people with hearing loss wear hearing aids regularly - just 12%, according to her study. And she says another striking finding is that the people in the study who had hearing aids but didn’t use them regularly were as likely to die early as those who never used them. Choi was born with hearing loss in one ear. For years she says she refused the idea of wearing hearing aids, given that her hearing was good in the other ear. But when she became a doctor, she realized she was missing out. Now she uses hearing aids regularly. “There were many sounds I was missing,” she says. Now, her hearing has greatly improved. “I’m happy I got hearing aids,” she says. So, if you have hearing aids sitting in the back of a drawer, not being used, Choi says, try them again. 1．How did the researchers get the results? A．By interviewing a lot of patients. B．By referring to another related study. C．By performing some experiments. D．By examining harms of hearing loss. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The method to live a longer life. B．The purpose of the study. C．The necessity of wearing hearing aids. D．The reason for hearing aids to lengthen life. 3．What shocks Dr. Janet Choi? A．Few patients restore hearing. B．Some patients fail to get hearing aids. C．Most patients often misuse hearing aids. D．Many patients refuse to use hearing aids often. 4．What does the author aim to do by sharing Dr. Janet Choi’s personal experience? A．To show the benefits hearing aids can offer. B．To encourage patients to follow doctors’ advice. C．To stress Choi’s difficulty in wearing hearing aids. D．To explain the reason why Choi refused hearing aids. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·泰安一中·期中） Roughly 42% of Americans are nearsighted today, compared to 25% in 1971. The WHO predicts that about half of the world’s population will have myopia, or nearsightedness, by 2050. It’s clear that our vision is becoming increasingly unclear. On seeing this, while our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: namely less time spent outdoors. Exposure to natural light stimulates dopamine (多巴胺), helping regulate normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn’t do the trick. Ideally, kids should get at least two hours of natural light a day. Still, our increased use of screens is a problem. Most screens are high contrast — like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background. It’s still a theory, but some scientists think that the contrast of reading a book or looking at a bright screen in a dark room might be over-stimulating our retinas (视网膜), causing more eye growth problems in children. A 2018 study in Scientific Records analyzed the retinal pathways when looking at black text on white backgrounds compared to natural environments, and concluded the contrast could stimulate myopia. Close work, like reading and looking closely at screens, has also been shown to cause myopia.    Researchers are working on ways to slow down rising myopia rates. A recent clinical trial found eye-drops with a low dose of atropine can slow myopia in kids. There’s also some early evidence that peripheral defocus lenses (周边离焦透镜) might help stop nearsightedness from worsening. It’s strongly recommended that regular eye examinations should be a must, for people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age, such as glaucoma, early cataracts and macular degeneration. You can also reduce eye pressure by making a few simple lifestyle changes, such as ensuring that you are reading or working in good light, and taking frequent breaks, etc. 1．What’s the real reason why so many people are nearsighted? A．Dramatically increased use of screens. B．Not enough exposure to natural light. C．Not having enough breaks when working. D．Looking at screens at a short distance. 2．Why does the author mention the 2018 study in Scientific Records? A．To call on readers to remove their incorrect eye habits. B．To prove to readers the seriousness of nearsightedness. C．To support the link between high contrast and myopia. D．To show he is well-informed of the advances in this field. 3．What can you do to improve the situation of your myopia? A．Work on your homework for hours on end. B．Apply eye-drops with a high dose of atropine. C．Wear specially-designed peripheral defocus lenses. D．Have an eye operation recommended at an early age. 4．What’s the main structure of this passage? A．Questions — answers. B．Problem — reasons — solutions. C．Problem — changes — effects. D．Viewpoint — arguments — conclusion. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·济宁一中·期中） Math is everywhere in our life, from working out the bill after dinner to your personal costs. While some people enjoy solving math problems, many others are afraid of the moment when they have to deal with numbers and feel really anxious. It might seem discouraging, but this “math anxiety” is quite common, and you’re far from being the only one who feels this way. Besides, our worries and fears don’t always show how able we are. The reason for this problem often begins to appear in our childhood at school. Studies have shown that math teachers who feel nervous about teaching the subject can pass their anxiety to their students, and girls might be more affected by this anxiety. According to the Program for International Student Assessment, around 31% of 15 and 16-year-olds in 34 countries said that they felt very nervous when solving math problems, 33% said they got nervous doing math homework, and nearly60% worried that math classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC that providing students, especially girls, with good role models “is important, especially at a young age.” She believes the key is to have people, especially women who love teaching math, educate younger kids. David Robson, writing for BBC Future, mentioned, “It’s unclear why math causes so much fear compared to other subjects like geography. But knowing there’s a right or wrong answer might make you more anxious about not doing well.” And if we believe that we’re not “math people”, we may question about ourselves and avoid solving problems that we could deal with. Researchers have been trying to work out why mental math can make us nervous. This fear might come from all kinds of sources, but some suggest that openly expressing your fears can weaken their control on you and encourage children to see math tests as challenges rather than threat (威胁). We need to have a positive view on math and give it another try. 1．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? A．Girls are better at math than boys. B．Math classes are difficult for everyone. C．Students’ anxiety only comes from teachers. D．Math anxiety in childhood affect students’ confidence. 2．What might happen if someone believes they’re not a “math person”? A．They will study math harder. B．They will doubt their abilities. C．They will face challenges bravely. D．They won’t see math as a threat. 3．According to the last paragraph, what are children advised to do? A．Find the reasons of math fear positively. B．Give up challenges to avoid anxiety actively. C．Speak out their fears for improvement bravely. D．Examine the reasons for math failure carefully. 4．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Math Anxiety: How to Fix It? B．Math Application: How to use Math? C．Math Learning: The Key to Success in All Fields. D．Math Competition: Race between Boys and Girls. Passage 4 （20-21学年高一上·山东省实验中学·期中） A group of researchers in South West England suspected that young teens who were remote schooling due to the COVID-19 pandemic might be feeling more anxious. When they conducted a survey, however, what they found was surprising to them: the students were actually experiencing less anxiety. The study, which was carried out by researchers at the university of Bristol, made use of an already ongoing study dealing with social media use and teen mental health. The participants had already done a baseline survey before the pandemic in October 2019. To assess the impact of the pandemic, another survey was done during the April/May time frame. Over 1000 year-nine students from 17 secondary schools in South West England were involved in the study. The team found that 54 percent of 13-to14-year-old girls were at risk of anxiety prior to the pandemic, with that figure dropping by 10 percent during lockdown. Twenty-six percent of boys in the same age group were at risk during the initial survey, compared to 18 percent during lockdown. Many of the teens also reported an increased sense of well-being while they were in lockdown.Boys reported a bigger improvement than girls.Also, those who reported the lowest sense of well-being prior to the pandemic experienced the greatest improvement. Emily Widnall MSc, who was the lead of author of the study, said that she and her team were surprised when they said the results of the survey. “However when taking a step back,” she said, “we know that school for many young people can be quiet anxiety-provoking in terms of exam pressure and challenging peer relationships including bullying. This has been a really rare opportunity to understand how younger teenagers feel without the day-to-day pressures of school life. ”   Many students also reported feeling a greater connection to their schools with increased opportunities to talk with their teachers despite not physically being at school. “It may be because digital platforms could play a bigger role as a learning tool.” 1．Why did Emily carry out the research? A．To figure out why the teens were anxious during lockdown. B．To evaluate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on teen mental health. C．To find out to fight with the COVID-19 pandemic. D．To know how social media use affect teens. 2．What does the underline words “ prior to ” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Junior to. B．Precious to. C．Equal to. D．Familiar to. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Boys suffered from high level of anxiety than girls. B．Girls reported a bigger improvement in the sense of well-being than boys. C．The study was made up of data collected on two different occasions. D．Remote schooling can help teens get rid of pressures. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Teens felt greater connections to schools. B．The pandemic had influence on teens. C．Teens reported mental improvements in lockdown. D．Social media helped the teens relieve stress. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$