专题07 七选五-逻辑关系（知识清单）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题07 七选五---逻辑关系 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读01】七选五五年高考考情统计 【知能解读02】七选五五年高考考情解读 【知能解读03】七选五逻辑关系考点分类 【知能解读04】阅读理解七选五解题步骤 【知能解读05】七选五满分突破思维导图 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破01】总分关系及跟踪训练 【重难点突破02】例证关系及跟踪训练 【重难点突破03】并列关系及跟踪训练 【重难点突破04】递进关系及跟踪训练 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错01】转折关系及跟踪训练 【易混易错02】因果关系及跟踪训练 【易混易错03】解释关系及跟踪训练 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【方法技巧01】阅读七选五满分口诀 01七选五五年高考考情统计 卷别 体裁 类别 主题 段首 段中 段尾 字数 2025全国一卷 记叙文 人与社会 咖啡馆里平凡英雄 0 4 0 258+85 2025全国二卷 说明文 人与社会 家庭共同参与志愿 2◆ 2 1 248+83 2024新课标I卷 说明文 人与自我 使用英语词典心得 1 4 0 273+61 2024新课标II卷 说明文 人与自我 如何避免过度旅游 1◆ 3 1 259+52 2024全国甲卷 说明文 人与自我 讲述适度饮食概念 1◆ 3 1 264+70 2023新高考I卷 说明文 人与自我 学会自我原谅办法 0 4 1 247+82 2023新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 开启艺术之旅建议 1◆ 3 1 261+63 2023全国甲卷 说明文 人与自我 变得有耐心的方法 1◆ 3 1 252+51 2023全国乙卷 说明文 人与自然 室内绿植及其好处 0 4● 1 282+69 2022新高考I卷 说明文 人与社会 如何找到健身伙伴 0 4 1 257+76 2022新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 写文章好修改技巧 1◆ 4 0 237+74 2022全国甲卷 说明文 人与社会 不同文化用餐礼仪 1 3● 1 230+87 2022全国乙卷 说明文 人与社会 维持异地友谊办法 3◆ 1 1 248+76 2021新高考I卷 记叙文 人与社会 巴黎一周生活经历 1 4 0 270+83 2021新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 提高阅读速度建议 1◆ 2 2 250+75 2021全国甲卷 说明文 人与社会 服装交换派对建议 1◆ 4● 0 261+49 2021全国乙卷 说明文 人与社会 宴会如何变得有趣 2● 2● 1 255+81 ◆代表有标题句 ●代表有半截句 02七选五五年高考考情解读 1.题型概述 阅读七选五主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。考试形式是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。其中有两项是多余干扰项。 2.选材特点 选文以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文为辅。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。 3.命题特点 从最近五年高考真题来看，七选五考查以段中句为主，兼顾段首句（含标题句）和段尾句；从体裁来看，主要是说明文为主，兼顾记叙文；从话题来看，人与社会类占主流，人与自我和人与自然相对较少。全国卷偶尔出现半截句。 03七选五逻辑关系考点分类 04阅读理解七选五解题方略 1.通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。 注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句。因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。 2.详读段落，在短时间内找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。 文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据文章写作主题展开，对文章主题进行不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为解题做好铺垫。 3.定位选项，明确各备选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。 根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时要尤其注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意设空处上下段的写作内容，以及设空处上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选选项放入设空处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境，能否承接前后的写作线索，使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。 4.通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点关注逻辑关系和关联结构。 在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理，各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。 5.排除多余选项，确定排除理由，从而最终确定答案。 我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。要特别注意，除非有充分的理由否定之前的选择，否则不要仓促更改。只要前两步投入了精力，动了脑筋，第一印象往往可信度很高。 05七选五满分突破思维导图 01总分关系 1.设空特点：“总”指总体概括，“分”指的是内容的具体展开 2.技巧运用：识别文章结构，判断文章是“总分”，还是“分总”，还是“总分总”。 跟踪训练1 (2022新课标II卷第36题) 总分结构 Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. 36 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 37(B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.) Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect…. The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision…. A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 跟踪训练2 (2018全国I卷第38题) 总分关系 … Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37(While all of them are useful), they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. … The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. … A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for C. If you’re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 02 例证关系 1.设空特点：形象思维（例子、类比等）和抽象思维（观点）的关系。 2.技巧运用：弄清楚是先例子后观点还是先观点后例子。注意for example/instance, such as, like等表示举例子的词语。 跟踪训练1 (2020·浙江·高考真题) 显性例证关系 Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water. 36 For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy. A．We use water indirectly too. B．Every system in our body depends on water to function. C．It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems D．If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school. E．Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？ F．In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water. G．In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles. 跟踪训练2（2023新课标I卷第39题）隐形例证关系 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 36 (D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.) You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 03 并列关系 1.设空特点：所选选项与空前句子或空后句子是逻辑上的并列关系 2.技巧运用：寻找表示并列的连接词，如：and, first, second, in the first place, in the second place…等标志性词语。 跟踪训练1（2023全国乙卷第36题） Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 跟踪训练2（2022新课标I卷第37题）并列关系 So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 04 递进关系 1.设空特点：后面的句子是对前面所述内容的进一步解释说明，即行文中后句对前句是一种顺承的逻辑关系。2.技巧运用：设空处前后两句之间如果是层层递进关系，则设空处很可能是个表示递进的句子。 跟踪训练1（2023浙江1月卷第37题）并列关系 Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. A. Train trips aren’t for impatient types. B. You’ll have views from both sides of the train. C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D. That’s particularly true during busy summer months. E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner. 01 转折关系 1.设空特点：所选选项与空前句子或空后句子是逻辑上的转折关系。 2.技巧运用：寻找表示转折的连接词，如：but, however, nevertheless, though, yet, otherwise等标志性词语。 跟踪训练1(2025浙江1月卷第38题) ●Don’t use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 38 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. A. Be patient. B. Get the audience involved. C. The best messages are often simple. D. Speak directly to what matters to them. E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say. 跟踪训练2 (2024新课标I卷第39题) In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 跟踪训练2 (2024新课标I卷第40题) ·Don’t rely on technology alone _ 40 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 02 因果关系 1.设空特点：所选选项与空前句子或空后句子是逻辑上的因果关系 2.技巧运用：寻找表示因果关系的连接词，如：so, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a result…等标志性词语, 要弄清楚是前因后果还是前果后因。 跟踪训练1（2023全国甲卷第39题） The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 39 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 40(G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.) The resulting blank space invites you to revise. A A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 跟踪训练2（2025全国一卷第38题） Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 38 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 05 解释关系 1.设空特点：提出观点，然后对该观点解释说明。 2.技巧运用：设空处是提出的观点还是对观点的进一步解释说明。 跟踪训练1（2021全国乙卷第38题） ▪Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 跟踪训练2 (2021新课标I卷第40题) In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 01 阅读七选五满分口诀 （一） 词汇复现用且防；逻辑显隐前后句； 标题标点善利用；首段尾句多旨意。 时刻不忘系统观；见林见树思虑全。 （二） 上下看，找复现。标点符号，结构对照。 固定句式要记牢，速定答案错不了。 遇代词，向前看，人对人，物对物，单对单；复对复。 （三） 通览全文看文体，结构位置小标题； 再看选项定功能，标题位置加逻辑； 代词同派近反义，上下匹配关键词； 段句之间找逻辑，条并转递因释例。 （四） 先定框架再填缝，先看选项划关键，再读原文找题眼；段落首尾多主题，中间逻辑靠串联。 复现替换是信号，原词同义多复现，代词指代要敏感；数字量词看前后，逻辑连词定方向。 空处定位有规律，段首主题引下文，段中衔接靠过渡；段尾总结或承转，问号常考设问句。 避开陷阱保准确，新题跑题要排除，原词陷阱看整体；逻辑断层必错误，代入通读验连贯。 （五） 英语题型七选五，结构内容弄清楚。 总分说明题材多，逻辑粘性是突破。 位置分为首中尾，标题扣掉算白给。 标题首尾先扫过，结构要义先把握。 词汇复现找线索，同近反义要灵活。 名词代词前后顾，看好单复辨人物。 逻辑关系多又多，一时半会不好说。 并列转折和因果，递进解释也挺多。 语篇标题结构清，解题途径好确定。 七选五逻辑关系综合能力提升 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维 01（2025北京卷） What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 35 But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 36 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 37 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 38 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 39 A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D. In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E. They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F. You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 02（2024北京卷） If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 35 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 36 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. 37 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 38 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 39 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考 03（25-26高三上·安徽·阶段练习） Successful team collaboration is essential for achieving complex goals. It involves more than just working alongside others; it requires intentional strategies to use collective strengths. Then how can a team collaborate effectively? 1 Every team member needs a shared understanding of the project’s objectives and their specific responsibilities. This prevents misunderstandings and ensures accountability. Ambiguity in roles often leads to repeated efforts, overlooked tasks, and frustration. Clearly outlining expectations from the outset sets the stage for productive work. Foster open and respectful communication. Create an environment where team members feel safe to share ideas, ask questions, and voice concerns without fear of judgment. 2 Actively listening to understand different viewpoints, rather than just waiting to speak, is crucial for building trust and finding the best solutions. Address conflicts constructively. 3 New conflicts as opportunities to explore different perspectives and improve outcomes. The goal should be to understand the root cause and find a mutually acceptable resolution. Focusing on the issue at hand, not personal attacks, and seeking common ground helps the team move forward positively. Make the most of diverse strengths. Recognize that each member brings unique skills, experiences, and perspectives to the table. 4 Assigning tasks based on individual strengths not only improves efficiency but also increases engagement and satisfaction. Establish regular check-ins and feedback loops. Don’t wait until the project deadline to assess progress. Schedule frequent, brief meetings to discuss updates, roadblocks, and next steps. Constructive feedback, both on the work and the process, should be encouraged. 5 A．Define clear goals and roles. B．Encourage brainstorming sessions. C．Effective communication is the cornerstone of any strong team dynamic. D．A team that communicates poorly will inevitably struggle with coordination. E．Disagreements are unavoidable in teamwork, but they don’t have to be destructive. F．Intentionally discuss and map out these differences to maximize the team’s potential. G．This allows the team to adapt quickly and ensure everyone remains aligned with the overall goal. 04（25-26高三上·广东·开学考试） Not long after new college students have chosen the right college, they are asked to declare an academic major. Faced with such an important decision, what should a college student do? 1 However, rest assured that you can use the following strategies to select the right major and sustain your motivation when the going gets tough. Creating a career plan is one of the ways that students can boost their chances of success in their chosen majors. When making the plan, you should reflect on your beliefs about work, your interest in various academic subjects and your abilities. 2 Then, identify a specific career and outline the steps that you will have to take that will help prepare you for that career. It is also important to do your research about the job that you are interested in pursuing, as well as any related jobs. Some college students drop out of their selected majors because they have become bored with the academic area they have chosen. 3 To avoid these sorts of outcomes, ask yourself which aspects of the job you could see yourself enjoying, as well as the parts of the job that you think you might dislike. It will save you a good deal of time and energy by initially choosing a major that is in line with your interests and abilities. 4 It may come as a surprise when you are presented with difficult material during your first term at college. Students who were at the top of their class may be particularly shocked when they receive their first low grade on an exam. You should not assume, however, that you have made the wrong choice of academic major simply because you performed poorly on one test. 5 With the right mindset and strategies, you can turn your major into a fulfilling path toward your future career. A．It's easy to give in to fear, hesitation, or worry. B．Even with thorough preparation, you would still face challenges. C．Actually, for some college students, this decision is easy to make. D．Use your reflections to guide you as you search for desirable careers. E．Hold on to the confidence that guided you to select your major in the first place. F．Or they may find themselves more attracted to a different academic major altogether. G．Therefore, we should read relevant books on our chosen major before starting college. 05（2025·广东·模拟预测） Tom Brown’s hands move fast, tying loose shoelaces (鞋带) as the morning bell rings. Tom works at a small table outside Central High’s front door. An old box sits next to him. 1 “Hurry up, kid—don’t be late for class,” he smiles, giving back a pair of shoes to a first-year student, who says a quick “thanks” and runs inside. At 6:00 a.m., Tom is there, carrying the table from the storage room. 2 He’s always wearing a faded blue jacket with signs from years of different jobs—fixing cars, putting up walls and roofs, and now this. “These kids are in such a rush that they don’t see their shoelaces are broken until it’s too late,” he laughs, remembering how he started 12 years ago. He saw a girl crying because her shoelace broke before a big P.E. test. 3 Lily Smith, a senior, comes by twice a week. “My little sister’s shoelaces always get broken, and Mr. Brown fixes them in two minutes,” she says, adjusting her bag. “He remembers everyone’s name. It’s like having a grandpa at school.” Tom never asks for money, but students leave him candy, or drawings. 4 His wife died five years ago, and his grown kids live in other states. “Being here keeps me feeling young,” he says, wiping a dirty shoe. 5 But just ask any student or teacher—Tom is often the first person they see when they walk in each day. “Quit? No way,” he says happily, waving to a group of 10th graders. “These shoes won’t fix themselves.” A．He is well-known in the school. B．Tom isn’t on the school staff list. C．He thinks that this is the best kind of pay. D．Tom has formed the habit of seeing students off at the door. E．No matter whether it rains or shines, the 68-year-old comes. F．He got down on his knees and fixed it with a lace from his own shoe. G．Inside it are extra laces, cleaning cloths, and even little packs of tissues. 06（25-26高三上·广东湛江·阶段练习） The Unexpected Key to Boosting Our Productivity Sometimes we may wonder if we were a machine, we’d never let things fall through the cracks, and we wouldn’t forget things. 1 It gets in the way of our productivity because it makes us blind to the roots of our actual problems. So what is underneath our productivity problems? 2 Our productivity depends on our feelings, not new tools. Understanding how our feelings affect us can open up freedom to make progress and finally improve our productivity. So how? 3 That means recognizing and working with our emotions. But usually no matter what the issue is, we easily ignore it and hope that it goes away rather than to admit something is wrong. What we forget is that our emotions have great impacts on our actions. The most productive people need to have regular practices to maintain that awareness. Once we are aware of the problem, the next step is observing. Though difficult, observing without judgment counts most. For example, when our inbox (收件箱) is messy, we just see it with little judgment. 4 Avoid feeling anxious, as it prevents us from addressing the root issue. Finally, try to address our emotions. It is the most effective way to help us be productive daily. A one-touch email strategy or checking the email twice a day may do a bit, but none of these really solve the problem completely. Actually we are able to use our own desire that we can’t let people down to help us get through our inbox. 5 A．ignore our emotions. B．Awareness is the first step. C．Identify what causes the mess. D．We are not machines but emotional beings. E．But the idea of being a machine is actually a trap. F．One day, we’ll find that we’ve finished handling all in it. G．Sometimes, working like a machine is effective and useful. 07（25-26高三上·黑龙江·开学考试） For decades, street art faces debates, mixed with illegal graffiti (涂鸦) despite its artistic advantages. 1 Today street art, usually replaced with “public art”, is defined as art on outer surfaces done with permission by the community. 2 Street art is sometimes a form of activism that stimulates the imagination. 3 Bringing these images of the art into the classroom and spaces with teens engages them and encourages relevant conversations. Conversation flows easily from admiring images, visiting sites, or participating in the creation of public art. There is value in analyzing street art in your local community to build community connections. Before sharing a piece, briefly research the artist and the name and location of the work — or research together with teens. 4 This promotes diversity in the arts, exposes young people to various professional artists. Street art remains a powerful medium for storytelling and social change. As it continues to evolve, its core mission is still to democratize (使大众化) art and transform urban landscapes into canvases (画布) for collective expression. 5 A．Street art challenges us to see the world differently. B．These questions can be copied with any piece of art. C．This art form has undergone a remarkable transformation. D．It is often seen on walls of buildings and bridges in urban settings. E．Many artists create bold pieces to draw attention to economic issues. F．Younger generations travel to sites of outdoor work to engage with the art. G．Then try selecting artists of diverse backgrounds whose works highlight various styles. 08（25-26高三上·北京丰台·开学考试） Emotions interfere with our decision-making, or at least that is the thinking: emotional people seem to do irrational things. A person full of anger might commit a crime of passion. A man in love may do things that compromise his well-being. Surely, this is evidence against emotion’s rationality (理性). 1 Emotions are not only compatible (相容的) with rationality, they can also help us make better choices. Baba Shiv, professor of marketing at Stanford University, writes that “if emotions were irrelevant, we would have evolved very differently”. Since we have emotions, we must wonder why and how they help us, instead of trying to eliminate them. 2 The truth is that emotions and reason are not in conflict. Emotions are rational. They involve judgements. For example, being angry involves judging that a wrongdoing has occurred. That is a rational activity. Emotions also contribute to our understanding. 3 But emotions also give us a reason to act. Fear, for example, gives us a reason to escape a situation. Anticipation of regret provides a reason to avoid excessive risk-taking. Emotions can also help with decision-making. According to Shiv, the emotional brain makes lightning-fast assessments based on past experiences, perceptions of the situation, and other factors that support our instincts. This enables efficient choices. 4 Can we do anything to prevent our emotions from negatively impacting our decision-making: Seo believes so, suggesting ways to reduce the unwanted effects of emotions on our decision-making. For example, if sadness makes us make poor decisions with our money by being reckless (鲁莽的) about spending, we might replace it with gratitude. This feeling might help us make a better, more moderate decision. Humans have reason and emotions. 5 It also prevents us from using our emotions to help us make better decisions. Fortunately, we can choose differently. A．Nevertheless, any situation can still go wrong. B．But this line of thinking couldn’t be more wrong. C．Discounting one for the sake of the other denies our humanity. D．One answer is that emotions aid in rationality and decision-making. E．For example, emotions can change decisions by generating reactions in others. F．They motivate us to inquire about our own beliefs and help us to perceive the world differently. G．It’s why we should warn people about emotions, tell them to calm down before making decisions. 09（25-26高三上·内蒙古·开学考试） When a person is authentic, it means that they act in ways that genuinely show how they feel. They do this rather than putting on different faces around different people, or tailoring their personality based on context. 1 To be authentic, you need to accept yourself for who you are, and treat others with respect. Authentic people display a consistent set of values, and don’t change their behaviour from one conversation to the next. Accept yourself for who you are. Accepting yourself often requires a mental attitude adjustment. Try to be slower to criticize yourself or see yourself as inferior to (次于) others. Focus on accepting and appreciating who you are as a unique individual. 2 Put time into personal growth. There is a great deal of authenticity to be found in growing yourself and pursuing interests that fulfill you as a person. 3 In contrast, inauthentic people often neglect the things that interest them in favor of pursuing whatever they believe to be popular or socially required of them. 4 Authentic people are in touch with their moral compass and their personal set of beliefs. This includes religious beliefs, moral beliefs, and beliefs of any other kind. These beliefs should be evident in your daily behaviours. Many people unthinkingly adopt a partner’s, parent’s or friend’s beliefs without figuring out if the beliefs are right for them. Express your thoughts and feelings. 5 Authentic people are comfortable speaking their mind and communicating when they have a problem or are appreciative of something. If you feel prohibited to speak your mind, or realize that you frequently only say what you think those around you expect to hear, you’re likely behaving inauthentically. A．Ask people for help when you need it. B．Act on your personal beliefs and values. C．Talk about your opinion when it matters to you. D．This can be done through classes, volunteering or hobbies. E．This will lead to authentic behaviours in line with your personality. F．If you don’t have a fear of rejection, it will be easier to maintain a relationship. G．Personal authenticity is the daily expression of your core beliefs and personality. 10（25-26高三上·云南·阶段练习） How to Tell If Your Phone Is Tapped Have you ever worried that someone might be listening to your phone calls or monitoring your phone activity? If so, you’re not alone. With the development of technology, phone tapping is no longer just a movie plot. 1 . Here’s how to tell if your phone is tapped and what to do about it. How to Know If Your Phone Is Tapped If you suspect your phone is being monitored, there are several signs to watch out for. Let’s start by learning how to recognize the warning signs of a tapped phone. First, your mobile data usage might rise unexpectedly. Tapping software often sends recordings and logs to the person spying on you, which uses up a lot of data. 2 . Second, you might start seeing an unusual number of pop-ups and ads, even when you’re not browsing the web. 8 . So don’t ignore them if they appear suddenly. Third, check your phone for apps you don’t remember installing. Many tracking apps use innocent-sounding names to avoid being noticed. What to Do If Your Phone Is Tapped If you notice any of the above signs, don’t panic. 4 . One effective step is to reset your phone to its factory settings. This will remove most spyware installed by hackers or stalkers. Another important move is to contact the police. If you have clear evidence of tapping, the police can use special equipment to check your phone. 5 . They can also guide you on further actions to protect your privacy. A．It’s important to check your data usage regularly B．Pop-ups and ads are the most common sign of a tapped phone C．All unusual phone activity must be caused by tapping software D．Knowing how to spot the signs and take action can protect your privacy E．Furthermore, they’ll need solid evidence to take your concerns seriously F．These ads are more than just annoying — they might be a sign of trouble G．Now that you know how to spot a tapped phone, let’s look at what you can do next 11（25-26高三上·湖南怀化·开学考试） Each year, the number of accidental drownings rises sharply in summer. We are dedicated to reducing drownings and raising awareness about the preventable issue. Here are five layers of protection to prevent drownings. 1 Four-sided fences, self-closing gates, safety alarms and pool covers are the best to protect unrestricted access of children and even of adults into a body of water, whether it be a pool or a pond. Modern wearable technology further enhances safety. If a person goes underwater with it, there’s a device that can be sounded off. Supervise (监督) swimmers and water activities The second layer is to appoint a supervisor or a water watcher whenever children are in, near, or around the water, even when there’s a lifeguard in place. 2 . So, that’s not being on a cell phone, not being engaged in conversation, not doing household chores while kids are in the water, because drowning is fast and silent. Learn how to swim Another key to preventing drownings is to learn how to swim—plain and simple. Choose brightly colored swimsuits to be easily spotted. Everyone is supposed to learn to swim. It’s about building water-smart skills: floating on your back, treading water, making it to the edge, and shouting for help if you need to. 3 . Use life jackets In addition, we urge the use of life jackets that are sized appropriately for use in, near or around bodies of water and while boating. 4 . Adults need to teach young children about how life jackets work and why it’s important to wear one and what can happen if one isn’t worn. Prepare for emergencies 5 . Know how to recognize someone who’s in trouble and then what to do in that case, call for help and reach or throw something that floats to them. A．Promote accessibility B．Use barriers and alarms C．Such basic competence can save lives D．We advocate fully focused supervision E．It keeps you above the surface and helps you float F．If you’re not trained to rescue, don’t offer to supervise someone G．We suggest learning to perform first aid and keeping rescue equipment in hand 12（25-26高三上·广东·开学考试） Research presented suggests that people who eat slowly are less likely than speed-eaters to become overweight or to develop metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征), which involves a variety of conditions associated with stroke, heart disease and diabetes. 1 In 2008, Japanese researchers, led by Hiroshima University cardiologist Dr Takayuki Yamaji, hired over 1,000 healthy Japanese adults. 2 At the same time, the researchers tracked these adults’ health for the next five years. Eighty-four people were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome during those five years, with a clear connection between eating speed and development of the disease. The incidence rate was 11.6% among fast eaters, 6.5% among normal eaters and just 2.3% among slow eaters. 3 Moreover, they had more chance to suffer from higher blood sugar. 4 In reality, a lot of research has shown that eating fast is associated with weight gain and other health issues. “You probably do eat more because you are eating so quickly. You really don’t have any idea of what you’ve eaten,” says American Heart Association spokesperson Dr Nieca Goldberg. “When you eat slowly, you are much more aware of your eating. You are chewing your food properly and you’re also slowing down digestion.” Goldberg says that it should take at least 30 minutes to eat a meal. 5 Goldberg suggests eating with a friend, cutting your food into smaller pieces, chewing more, taking deep breaths and setting your fork down between bites. A．Doing so also helps you feel full. B．Those results aren’t all that surprising. C．Eat in a situation where it’s beneficial to eating. D．The speedy eaters were also more likely to weigh more. E．This shows that when it comes to eating, slow and steady wins the race. F．So, if you tend to eat fast, you’ll likely need to train yourself to slow down. G．They asked the adults to characterize their eating speed — slow, normal or fast. 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 七选五---逻辑关系 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读01】七选五五年高考考情统计 【知能解读02】七选五五年高考考情解读 【知能解读03】七选五逻辑关系考点分类 【知能解读04】阅读理解七选五解题步骤 【知能解读05】七选五满分突破思维导图 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破01】总分关系及跟踪训练 【重难点突破02】例证关系及跟踪训练 【重难点突破03】并列关系及跟踪训练 【重难点突破04】递进关系及跟踪训练 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错01】转折关系及跟踪训练 【易混易错02】因果关系及跟踪训练 【易混易错03】解释关系及跟踪训练 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【方法技巧01】阅读七选五满分口诀 01七选五五年高考考情统计 卷别 体裁 类别 主题 段首 段中 段尾 字数 2025全国一卷 记叙文 人与社会 咖啡馆里平凡英雄 0 4 0 258+85 2025全国二卷 说明文 人与社会 家庭共同参与志愿 2◆ 2 1 248+83 2024新课标I卷 说明文 人与自我 使用英语词典心得 1 4 0 273+61 2024新课标II卷 说明文 人与自我 如何避免过度旅游 1◆ 3 1 259+52 2024全国甲卷 说明文 人与自我 讲述适度饮食概念 1◆ 3 1 264+70 2023新高考I卷 说明文 人与自我 学会自我原谅办法 0 4 1 247+82 2023新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 开启艺术之旅建议 1◆ 3 1 261+63 2023全国甲卷 说明文 人与自我 变得有耐心的方法 1◆ 3 1 252+51 2023全国乙卷 说明文 人与自然 室内绿植及其好处 0 4● 1 282+69 2022新高考I卷 说明文 人与社会 如何找到健身伙伴 0 4 1 257+76 2022新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 写文章好修改技巧 1◆ 4 0 237+74 2022全国甲卷 说明文 人与社会 不同文化用餐礼仪 1 3● 1 230+87 2022全国乙卷 说明文 人与社会 维持异地友谊办法 3◆ 1 1 248+76 2021新高考I卷 记叙文 人与社会 巴黎一周生活经历 1 4 0 270+83 2021新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 提高阅读速度建议 1◆ 2 2 250+75 2021全国甲卷 说明文 人与社会 服装交换派对建议 1◆ 4● 0 261+49 2021全国乙卷 说明文 人与社会 宴会如何变得有趣 2● 2● 1 255+81 ◆代表有标题句 ●代表有半截句 02七选五五年高考考情解读 1.题型概述 阅读七选五主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。考试形式是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。其中有两项是多余干扰项。 2.选材特点 选文以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文为辅。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。 3.命题特点 从最近五年高考真题来看，七选五考查以段中句为主，兼顾段首句（含标题句）和段尾句；从体裁来看，主要是说明文为主，兼顾记叙文；从话题来看，人与社会类占主流，人与自我和人与自然相对较少。全国卷偶尔出现半截句。 03七选五逻辑关系考点分类 04阅读理解七选五解题方略 1.通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。 注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句。因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。 2.详读段落，在短时间内找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。 文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据文章写作主题展开，对文章主题进行不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为解题做好铺垫。 3.定位选项，明确各备选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。 根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时要尤其注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意设空处上下段的写作内容，以及设空处上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选选项放入设空处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境，能否承接前后的写作线索，使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。 4.通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点关注逻辑关系和关联结构。 在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理，各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。 5.排除多余选项，确定排除理由，从而最终确定答案。 我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。要特别注意，除非有充分的理由否定之前的选择，否则不要仓促更改。只要前两步投入了精力，动了脑筋，第一印象往往可信度很高。 05七选五满分突破思维导图 01总分关系 1.设空特点：“总”指总体概括，“分”指的是内容的具体展开 2.技巧运用：识别文章结构，判断文章是“总分”，还是“分总”，还是“总分总”。 跟踪训练1 (2022新课标II卷第36题) 总分结构 Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. 36 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 37(B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.) Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect…. The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision…. A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空属于段首句。同时，兼顾后续两个段落发现与首段所在逻辑存在总分关系。 第二步：寻找关键信息。全文是总分结构，根据第一段中的“three simple techniques”及第三、四段第一句可知，第二段第一句是三个技巧中的第一个。由空后的内容可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写。D项“首先，学习不间断写作的技巧”概括了本段的主要内容，其中First of all又与上下文相衔接，可作为主题句。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是D。 跟踪训练2 (2018全国I卷第38题) 总分关系 … Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37(While all of them are useful), they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. … The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. … A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for C. If you’re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空属于段首句。同时，兼顾后续两个段落发现与37空所在逻辑存在总分关系。 第二步：寻找关键信息。设空处位于首，注意到本句提到三种花色需要作出决定。上一段结尾提到三种选择: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones。接下来分别一一介绍。且该段中作者提到小物品如小靠垫、镜子、篮子等的颜色可以给房间带来视觉上的乐趣，以及其他好处。由此可知，本段介绍的是small color choices。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是D。 02 例证关系 1.设空特点：形象思维（例子、类比等）和抽象思维（观点）的关系。 2.技巧运用：弄清楚是先例子后观点还是先观点后例子。注意for example/instance, such as, like等表示举例子的词语。 跟踪训练1 (2020·浙江·高考真题) 显性例证关系 Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water. 36 For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy. A．We use water indirectly too. B．Every system in our body depends on water to function. C．It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems D．If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school. E．Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？ F．In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water. G．In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles. 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空属于段首句。同时，空格后面出现for example标志性词汇。 第二步：寻找关键信息。根据下文For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.（例如，生产我们吃的食物的农民，使用水使植物生长。当我们打开电灯或电视或电脑的开关时，我们使用能源，我们需要水来产生这种能源）可知下文是在列举人们间接使用水的例子，故A选项“我们也间接地用水。”符合上下文语境。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是A。 跟踪训练2（2023新课标I卷第39题）隐形例证关系 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 36 (D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.) You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。 第二步：寻找关键信息。设空处位于段中，可能承上启下。根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。注意选项和文本同义转换：put the heading=list, personal strengths= characteristics you like about yourself. 选项B “Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是B。 03 并列关系 1.设空特点：所选选项与空前句子或空后句子是逻辑上的并列关系 2.技巧运用：寻找表示并列的连接词，如：and, first, second, in the first place, in the second place…等标志性词语。 跟踪训练1（2023全国乙卷第36题） Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。注意到空格后面有个关键词but。 第二步：寻找关键信息。空前句说室内植物有好处，空后句也在说室内植物的好处。根据句意可知选项B中的Not only与下文中的but构成not only ... but (also) ... “不仅……而且……”结构，表示并列关系。再结合B项句意“它们不仅看起来很漂亮”可知，B项能够衔接下文，符合语境。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是B。 跟踪训练2（2022新课标I卷第37题）并列关系 So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。注意到空格后面有个关键词or。 第二步：寻找关键信息。根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以设空处与空后一句之间是并列关系，设空处也应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗”符合上下文语境。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是D。 04 递进关系 1.设空特点：后面的句子是对前面所述内容的进一步解释说明，即行文中后句对前句是一种顺承的逻辑关系。2.技巧运用：设空处前后两句之间如果是层层递进关系，则设空处很可能是个表示递进的句子。 跟踪训练1（2023浙江1月卷第37题）并列关系 Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. A. Train trips aren’t for impatient types. B. You’ll have views from both sides of the train. C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D. That’s particularly true during busy summer months. E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner. 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。注意到空格后面有个关键词then。 第二步：寻找关键信息。根据空后句中的Then可知，空处句子和后句是递进关系。(2)而且根据空后句“你就不需要为了吃饭一天三次穿过数节移动的车厢了”可知，中间应该填代理人可以帮你做的事情并且和火车上吃饭有关。再结合G项句意“他也许可以帮你预定在餐车旁边的卧铺”可知，G项能够衔接上下文，比上文找到打折的票关系更进一步，符合语境。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是G。 01 转折关系 1.设空特点：所选选项与空前句子或空后句子是逻辑上的转折关系。 2.技巧运用：寻找表示转折的连接词，如：but, however, nevertheless, though, yet, otherwise等标志性词语。 跟踪训练1(2025浙江1月卷第38题) ●Don’t use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 38 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. A. Be patient. B. Get the audience involved. C. The best messages are often simple. D. Speak directly to what matters to them. E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say. 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。注意到空格后面有个关键词However。 第二步：寻找关键信息。根据小标题可知，本段围绕沟通内容要简洁展开。根据空白处后可知，这里是将讲话者和听众进行对比，讲话者已经知道内容，而听众是第一次听，所以要简单明了。G 项“作为讲话者，你已经知道自己要说什么”，与下文逻辑连贯。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是G。 跟踪训练2 (2024新课标I卷第39题) In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。注意到空格后面有个关键词However。 第二步：寻找关键信息。下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是A。 跟踪训练2 (2024新课标I卷第40题) ·Don’t rely on technology alone _ 40 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。注意到空格后面有个关键词but。 第二步：寻找关键信息。设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是F。 02 因果关系 1.设空特点：所选选项与空前句子或空后句子是逻辑上的因果关系 2.技巧运用：寻找表示因果关系的连接词，如：so, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a result…等标志性词语, 要弄清楚是前因后果还是前果后因。 跟踪训练1（2023全国甲卷第39题） The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 39 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 40(G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.) The resulting blank space invites you to revise. A A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。注意到空格后面有个关键词As a result。 第二步：寻找关键信息。根据空处后提示词“As a result”可知，空处与下文形成因果关系。根据空后句“As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.”可以找出导致这种结果的原因。再结合F项句意“许多新手作者没有留出足够的修改空间”可知，这里指出了新手作者的常见错误做法，是空后句的因。因此F项承上启下，符合语境。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是F。 跟踪训练2（2025全国一卷第38题） Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 38 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。注意到空格后面有个关键句I do so because…。 第二步：寻找关键信息。根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. (墨菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班。)”及下文“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. (我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖啡。)”可推知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C选项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. (有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服务。)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班”之外的主动性，“serve the students early”呼应“like to make coffee for the students”，展现其敬业精神。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是C。 05 解释关系 1.设空特点：提出观点，然后对该观点解释说明。 2.技巧运用：设空处是提出的观点还是对观点的进一步解释说明。 跟踪训练1（2021全国乙卷第38题） ▪Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。 第二步：寻找关键信息。分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是A。 跟踪训练2 (2021新课标I卷第40题) In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 【解析】 第一步：观察文本特征。该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。注意到后面关键信息When do these people work? 第二步：寻找关键信息。空前一句提到“法国咖啡厅总是很拥挤”，设空处是对上文的进一步解释说明；空后一句通过设问“这些人什么时候工作呢”也暗示这里的顾客并不都是游客，也有很多当地人。，A项中customer符合咖啡馆的情境设定，A项“并不是所有的顾客都是游客。”承上启下，符合题意。 第三步：锁定最佳答案。本题最佳答案是A。 01 阅读七选五满分口诀 （一） 词汇复现用且防；逻辑显隐前后句； 标题标点善利用；首段尾句多旨意。 时刻不忘系统观；见林见树思虑全。 （二） 上下看，找复现。标点符号，结构对照。 固定句式要记牢，速定答案错不了。 遇代词，向前看，人对人，物对物，单对单；复对复。 （三） 通览全文看文体，结构位置小标题； 再看选项定功能，标题位置加逻辑； 代词同派近反义，上下匹配关键词； 段句之间找逻辑，条并转递因释例。 （四） 先定框架再填缝，先看选项划关键，再读原文找题眼；段落首尾多主题，中间逻辑靠串联。 复现替换是信号，原词同义多复现，代词指代要敏感；数字量词看前后，逻辑连词定方向。 空处定位有规律，段首主题引下文，段中衔接靠过渡；段尾总结或承转，问号常考设问句。 避开陷阱保准确，新题跑题要排除，原词陷阱看整体；逻辑断层必错误，代入通读验连贯。 （五） 英语题型七选五，结构内容弄清楚。 总分说明题材多，逻辑粘性是突破。 位置分为首中尾，标题扣掉算白给。 标题首尾先扫过，结构要义先把握。 词汇复现找线索，同近反义要灵活。 名词代词前后顾，看好单复辨人物。 逻辑关系多又多，一时半会不好说。 并列转折和因果，递进解释也挺多。 语篇标题结构清，解题途径好确定。 七选五逻辑关系综合能力提升 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维 01（2025北京卷） What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 35 But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 36 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 37 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 38 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 39 A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D. In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E. They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F. You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 【答案】35. G36. E37. D38. C39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要探讨了成年人的定义及其所需具备的特质，并强调了社会在培养成年人方面的责任。 35.由上文“As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. (正如Alice Black所指出的，如今父母害怕让孩子做更多家务，这加剧了孩子们无法感受到自身的能力，进而也导致他们对自己缺乏自信。心理学家Robert Turner在他的著作《生命周期》中提到了这一点，他提到了孩子们学习自我指导和掌握技能的阶段。)”可知，本空应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G选项“When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. (当这个阶段被剥夺时，就会产生一种不安全感。)”符合题意，承接上文，说明了这个阶段被剥夺的后果。故选G。 36.由上文“But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. (但Turner的其他周期也同样重要。)”以及下文“If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. (如果这些生命周期被延迟、中断或拒绝，你会觉得自己无法进入自我状态，无法控制不愉快的情绪，也无法操控构成你内心世界结构的能量。)”可知，本空应解释它们的重要性体现在哪里。E选项“They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. (它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 37.由上文“Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. (Turner明智地指出，从心理上讲，“做得好”就是能够顺应情绪的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握各种技能。这需要一个内部的控制点，这意味着对自己的思想、情感和行动进行自我控制。)”可知，本空应进一步解释这种内部控制点或自我控制的意义。D选项“In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. (换句话说，你是在玩人生的游戏——而不是人生在玩你。)”能承接上文，符合题意，用比喻的方式解释了内部控制点的意义，即你能够掌控自己的人生，而不是被人生所掌控。故选D。 38.由上文“So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. (所以，成为一个成年人不仅仅是拥有一份工作。成为一个成年人意味着拥有一种根深蒂固的自我意识，同时能够识别和管理自己的情绪和行动。)”可知，本空应进一步描述成年人的其他特质或能力。C选项“It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. (它是在与他人交流时能够表现出理解。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了成年人在与他人交流时应具备的能力，即表现出理解。故选C。 39.由上文“While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. (虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份发展的学校。)”可知，本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. (支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任，即支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人。故选A。 02（2024北京卷） If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 35 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 36 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. 37 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 38 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 39 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 【答案】35. G 36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。 35.根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 36.根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 37.根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面”引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。 38.根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 39.根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考 03（25-26高三上·安徽·阶段练习） Successful team collaboration is essential for achieving complex goals. It involves more than just working alongside others; it requires intentional strategies to use collective strengths. Then how can a team collaborate effectively? 1 Every team member needs a shared understanding of the project’s objectives and their specific responsibilities. This prevents misunderstandings and ensures accountability. Ambiguity in roles often leads to repeated efforts, overlooked tasks, and frustration. Clearly outlining expectations from the outset sets the stage for productive work. Foster open and respectful communication. Create an environment where team members feel safe to share ideas, ask questions, and voice concerns without fear of judgment. 2 Actively listening to understand different viewpoints, rather than just waiting to speak, is crucial for building trust and finding the best solutions. Address conflicts constructively. 3 New conflicts as opportunities to explore different perspectives and improve outcomes. The goal should be to understand the root cause and find a mutually acceptable resolution. Focusing on the issue at hand, not personal attacks, and seeking common ground helps the team move forward positively. Make the most of diverse strengths. Recognize that each member brings unique skills, experiences, and perspectives to the table. 4 Assigning tasks based on individual strengths not only improves efficiency but also increases engagement and satisfaction. Establish regular check-ins and feedback loops. Don’t wait until the project deadline to assess progress. Schedule frequent, brief meetings to discuss updates, roadblocks, and next steps. Constructive feedback, both on the work and the process, should be encouraged. 5 A．Define clear goals and roles. B．Encourage brainstorming sessions. C．Effective communication is the cornerstone of any strong team dynamic. D．A team that communicates poorly will inevitably struggle with coordination. E．Disagreements are unavoidable in teamwork, but they don’t have to be destructive. F．Intentionally discuss and map out these differences to maximize the team’s potential. G．This allows the team to adapt quickly and ensure everyone remains aligned with the overall goal. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．E 4．F 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出团队有效协作对实现复杂目标至关重要，介绍了四条策略：明确目标与职责、促进开放尊重沟通、建设性处理冲突、善用成员多样优势，还提及定期沟通反馈。 1．根据后文“Every team member needs a shared understanding of the project’s objectives and their specific responsibilities. This prevents misunderstandings and ensures accountability. Ambiguity in roles often leads to repeated efforts, overlooked tasks, and frustration. Clearly outlining expectations from the outset sets the stage for productive work.(每个团队成员都需要对项目的目标以及各自的具体职责达成共识。这可以避免误解，并确保责任明确。角色职责的模糊不清往往会导致重复工作、遗漏任务以及产生不满情绪。从一开始就清晰地明确期望，能够为高效的工作奠定基础)”可知，后文详细讨论了角色模糊会导致重复劳动、任务遗漏等问题，强调从开始就明确期望。选项A“明确设定目标和职责”作为小标题完美引入该部分。故选A。 2．根据上文“Create an environment where team members feel safe to share ideas, ask questions, and voice concerns without fear of judgment.(营造一种氛围，让团队成员能够放心地分享想法、提出问题和表达担忧，同时不必担心受到批评)”以及后文“Actively listening to understand different viewpoints, rather than just waiting to speak, is crucial for building trust and finding the best solutions.(积极倾听以理解不同的观点，而非仅仅等待发言，这对于建立信任以及找到最佳解决方案至关重要)”可知，本句是在强调沟通的作用。故C项“有效的沟通是任何强大团队协作体系的基础”最符合语境。故选C。 3．根据后文“New conflicts as opportunities to explore different perspectives and improve outcomes. The goal should be to understand the root cause and find a mutually acceptable resolution. Focusing on the issue at hand, not personal attacks, and seeking common ground helps the team move forward positively.(新的冲突其实也是探索不同观点、改善结果的机会。我们的目标应当是找出根本原因，并找到一个双方都能接受的解决方案。专注于当前的问题，而非进行人身攻击，同时寻求共识，这有助于团队朝着积极的方向前进)”可知，本句直接引入冲突的正面处理方式，承认分歧的存在但强调其建设性，与后文的“机会”和“共同解决”一致。选项E“团队中分歧不可避免，但不一定是破坏性的”作为主题句，有效衔接标题“Address conflicts constructively”(建设性处理冲突)。故选E。 4．根据前文“Recognize that each member brings unique skills, experiences, and perspectives to the table.(要认识到每位成员都具备独特的技能、丰富的经验和独特的见解)”以及后文“Assigning tasks based on individual strengths not only improves efficiency but also increases engagement and satisfaction.(根据个人优势分配任务不仅能提高效率，还能增强参与度和满意度)”可知，本句是前文的自然延伸，解释了如何将“差异”转化为行动，从而引出后文的“任务分配”。选项F的“differences”指代前文的“unique skills”，逻辑连贯。选项F“有意地探讨并规划这些差异，以最大限度地发挥团队的潜力。”符合语境。故选F。 5．根据前文“Constructive feedback, both on the work and the process, should be encouraged.(应当鼓励对工作内容以及工作过程都给予建设性的反馈)”可知，本句解释定期反馈的好处，代词“This”指代前文的“feedback loops”(反馈循环)，并总结该策略的价值。选项G“这使得团队能快速调整，确保每个人与整体目标保持一致”作为段落结论句，强化了反馈的重要性。故选G。 04（25-26高三上·广东·开学考试） Not long after new college students have chosen the right college, they are asked to declare an academic major. Faced with such an important decision, what should a college student do? 1 However, rest assured that you can use the following strategies to select the right major and sustain your motivation when the going gets tough. Creating a career plan is one of the ways that students can boost their chances of success in their chosen majors. When making the plan, you should reflect on your beliefs about work, your interest in various academic subjects and your abilities. 2 Then, identify a specific career and outline the steps that you will have to take that will help prepare you for that career. It is also important to do your research about the job that you are interested in pursuing, as well as any related jobs. Some college students drop out of their selected majors because they have become bored with the academic area they have chosen. 3 To avoid these sorts of outcomes, ask yourself which aspects of the job you could see yourself enjoying, as well as the parts of the job that you think you might dislike. It will save you a good deal of time and energy by initially choosing a major that is in line with your interests and abilities. 4 It may come as a surprise when you are presented with difficult material during your first term at college. Students who were at the top of their class may be particularly shocked when they receive their first low grade on an exam. You should not assume, however, that you have made the wrong choice of academic major simply because you performed poorly on one test. 5 With the right mindset and strategies, you can turn your major into a fulfilling path toward your future career. A．It's easy to give in to fear, hesitation, or worry. B．Even with thorough preparation, you would still face challenges. C．Actually, for some college students, this decision is easy to make. D．Use your reflections to guide you as you search for desirable careers. E．Hold on to the confidence that guided you to select your major in the first place. F．Or they may find themselves more attracted to a different academic major altogether. G．Therefore, we should read relevant books on our chosen major before starting college. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．F 4．B 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要为大学生如何选择合适的专业并在面对困难时保持动力提供策略，包括制定职业规划、研究感兴趣的工作以及正确面对困难等。 1．根据上文“Faced with such an important decision, what should a college student do?(面对如此重要的决定，大学生应该怎么做？)” 以及 “However, rest assured that you can use the following strategies to select the right major and sustain your motivation when the going gets tough.(然而，请放心，你可以使用以下策略来选择合适的专业，并在遇到困难时保持动力)” 可知，面对选专业的重要决定，学生容易有不好的情绪，与后文形成转折。A选项 “人们很容易陷入恐惧、犹豫或担忧之中” 符合语境，故选A。 2．根据上文 “When making the plan, you should reflect on your beliefs about work, your interest in various academic subjects and your abilities.(制定计划时，你应该反思自己对工作的信念、对各种学术科目的兴趣以及自己的能力)” 可知，此处应说明这些反思的作用，D选项 “在你寻找理想职业时，用你的反思来指导你” 符合语境，故选D。 3．根据上文 “Some college students drop out of their selected majors because they have become bored with the academic area they have chosen.(一些大学生退出他们所选的专业，因为他们对自己选择的学术领域感到厌烦)” 可知，此处应继续阐述学生在专业选择上出现的问题，F选项 “或者他们可能会发现自己完全被另一个不同的专业所吸引” 符合语境，故选F。 4．根据下文“It may come as a surprise when you are presented with difficult material during your first term at college.(当你在大学第一学期遇到困难的学习内容时，可能会感到惊讶)” 可知，即使做好准备也会面临挑战，B选项 “即使有充分的准备，你仍然会面临挑战” 符合语境，引出后文关于大学学习中面临困难的内容，故选B。 5．根据上文“You should not assume, however, that you have made the wrong choice of academic major simply because you performed poorly on one test.(然而，你不应该仅仅因为一次考试成绩不好就认为自己选错了专业)” 可知，此处应说明面对这种情况应有的态度，E选项 “坚持最初引导你选择专业的那份自信” 符合语境，要保持自信，故选E。 05（2025·广东·模拟预测） Tom Brown’s hands move fast, tying loose shoelaces (鞋带) as the morning bell rings. Tom works at a small table outside Central High’s front door. An old box sits next to him. 1 “Hurry up, kid—don’t be late for class,” he smiles, giving back a pair of shoes to a first-year student, who says a quick “thanks” and runs inside. At 6:00 a.m., Tom is there, carrying the table from the storage room. 2 He’s always wearing a faded blue jacket with signs from years of different jobs—fixing cars, putting up walls and roofs, and now this. “These kids are in such a rush that they don’t see their shoelaces are broken until it’s too late,” he laughs, remembering how he started 12 years ago. He saw a girl crying because her shoelace broke before a big P.E. test. 3 Lily Smith, a senior, comes by twice a week. “My little sister’s shoelaces always get broken, and Mr. Brown fixes them in two minutes,” she says, adjusting her bag. “He remembers everyone’s name. It’s like having a grandpa at school.” Tom never asks for money, but students leave him candy, or drawings. 4 His wife died five years ago, and his grown kids live in other states. “Being here keeps me feeling young,” he says, wiping a dirty shoe. 5 But just ask any student or teacher—Tom is often the first person they see when they walk in each day. “Quit? No way,” he says happily, waving to a group of 10th graders. “These shoes won’t fix themselves.” A．He is well-known in the school. B．Tom isn’t on the school staff list. C．He thinks that this is the best kind of pay. D．Tom has formed the habit of seeing students off at the door. E．No matter whether it rains or shines, the 68-year-old comes. F．He got down on his knees and fixed it with a lace from his own shoe. G．Inside it are extra laces, cleaning cloths, and even little packs of tissues. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．F 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了68岁的汤姆·布朗每天在学校门口为学生免费修鞋，风雨无阻。12年前，他因帮助一个考试前鞋带断裂的女孩儿而开始这项善举。汤姆用行动传递着温暖与善意。 1．根据上文“An old box sits next to him.( 他旁边放着一个旧盒子。)”提到一个旧盒子在他旁边，G选项“Inside it are extra laces, cleaning cloths, and even little packs of tissues.( 里面有额外的鞋带、清洁布，甚至小包的纸巾。)”是对盒子里物品的描述，符合逻辑。故选G项。 2．根据上文“At 6:00 a.m., Tom is there, carrying the table from the storage room.( 早上6点，汤姆到了那里，从储藏室搬出桌子。)”提到汤姆为工作做好准备。E选项“No matter whether it rains or shines, the 68-year-old comes.( 无论下雨还是晴天，这位 68 岁的老人都会来。)”进一步强调他来的决心和坚持，与前文衔接紧密。故选E项。 3．根据上文“He saw a girl crying because her shoelace broke before a big P.E. test.( 他看到一个女孩因为在一场大型体育考试前鞋带断了而哭泣。)”提到一个女孩因为在一场重要的体育考试前鞋带断了而哭泣。F 选项“He got down on his knees and fixed it with a lace from his own shoe.”（他跪下来，用自己鞋子上的鞋带把它修好了）是他对女孩鞋带断了这件事的处理方式，符合语境。故选F项。 4．根据上文“Tom never asks for money, but students leave him candy, or drawings.( 汤姆从不要钱，但学生们给他糖果或画。)”提到汤姆从不要钱，学生们给他一些糖果或者画作为回报。C 选项“He thinks that this is the best kind of pay.( 他认为这是最好的报酬。)”是他对学生给予的这些东西的看法，逻辑合理。故选C项。 5．根据下文“But just ask any student or teacher—Tom is often the first person they see when they walk in each day.( 但只要问问任何一个学生或老师 —— 汤姆经常是他们每天走进学校时看到的第一个人。)”提到汤姆经常是他们每天走进学校时看到的第一个人。B 选项“Tom isn’t on the school staff list.( 汤姆不在学校员工名单上。)”与后面形成转折关系，说明虽然他不是学校员工，但大家都能看到他。故选B项。 06（25-26高三上·广东湛江·阶段练习） The Unexpected Key to Boosting Our Productivity Sometimes we may wonder if we were a machine, we’d never let things fall through the cracks, and we wouldn’t forget things. 1 It gets in the way of our productivity because it makes us blind to the roots of our actual problems. So what is underneath our productivity problems? 2 Our productivity depends on our feelings, not new tools. Understanding how our feelings affect us can open up freedom to make progress and finally improve our productivity. So how? 3 That means recognizing and working with our emotions. But usually no matter what the issue is, we easily ignore it and hope that it goes away rather than to admit something is wrong. What we forget is that our emotions have great impacts on our actions. The most productive people need to have regular practices to maintain that awareness. Once we are aware of the problem, the next step is observing. Though difficult, observing without judgment counts most. For example, when our inbox (收件箱) is messy, we just see it with little judgment. 4 Avoid feeling anxious, as it prevents us from addressing the root issue. Finally, try to address our emotions. It is the most effective way to help us be productive daily. A one-touch email strategy or checking the email twice a day may do a bit, but none of these really solve the problem completely. Actually we are able to use our own desire that we can’t let people down to help us get through our inbox. 5 A．ignore our emotions. B．Awareness is the first step. C．Identify what causes the mess. D．We are not machines but emotional beings. E．But the idea of being a machine is actually a trap. F．One day, we’ll find that we’ve finished handling all in it. G．Sometimes, working like a machine is effective and useful. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出“把自己当机器能提升效率”是误区，效率问题根源在于忽视情绪，提出通过“察觉情绪、客观观察、处理情绪”三步，借助情绪助力日常效率提升。 1．根据上文“Sometimes we may wonder if we were a machine, we’d never let things fall through the cracks, and we wouldn’t forget things.(有时我们会想，如果我们是机器的话，就不会让任何事情遗漏掉，也不会忘记任何事情)”以及后文“It gets in the way of our productivity because it makes us blind to the roots of our actual problems.(这会妨碍我们的工作效率，因为它使我们无法看清实际问题的根源)”可知，前文提出“若我们是机器，就不会遗漏、忘记事情”的想法，后文转折指出“这会阻碍效率，让我们忽视实际问题根源”。本句承接前文“机器”的假设，同时引出后文的负面效果，故E选项“但把自己当成机器的想法实际上是一个陷阱”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据上文“So what is underneath our productivity problems?(那么，造成我们生产力低下的根本原因是什么呢？)”以及后文“Our productivity depends on our feelings, not new tools. Understanding how our feelings affect us can open up freedom to make progress and finally improve our productivity. So how?(我们的工作效率取决于我们的感受，而非新的工具。了解我们的感受如何影响我们，能够让我们获得自由，从而推动进步并最终提高我们的工作效率。那么，这是怎么回事呢？)”可知，问题询问生产力问题的根源，后文强调情感而非工具的作用。故D选项“我们并非机器，而是充满情感的生命体”点明核心原因，符合语境，故选D。 3．根据后文“That means recognizing and working with our emotions. But usually no matter what the issue is, we easily ignore it and hope that it goes away rather than to admit something is wrong. What we forget is that our emotions have great impacts on our actions. The most productive people need to have regular practices to maintain that awareness.(这意味着要正视并处理我们的情绪。但通常情况下，无论问题是什么，我们都会轻易地忽视它，希望它自行消失，而不是承认存在问题。我们所忽略的是，我们的情绪会对我们的行为产生重大影响。最高效的人需要有规律地进行练习来保持这种意识)”可知，后文提到“这意味着识别并处理情绪”“高效的人需要定期练习以保持这种意识”，“this”指代前文的“第一步”。本句作为段落主旨，引出“识别情绪” 的具体做法，符合“如何通过情绪提升效率”的行文逻辑。故B选项“意识是第一步”符合语境，故选B。 4．根据上文“Once we are aware of the problem, the next step is observing. Though difficult, observing without judgment counts most. For example, when our inbox (收件箱) is messy, we just see it with little judgment.(一旦我们意识到问题所在，接下来的步骤就是观察。尽管这很困难，但不带评判地进行观察最为重要。例如，当我们的收件箱杂乱无章时，我们只是几乎不加评判地观察它)”以及后文“Avoid feeling anxious, as it prevents us from addressing the root issue.(避免产生焦虑情绪，因为这种情绪会妨碍我们解决根本问题)”可知，前文举例“收件箱混乱时，不带评判地观察”，后文强调“避免焦虑，以免忽视根源”。本句承接“观察混乱”的动作，指向“解决根源”的下一步，与“不焦虑、抓根源”的建议呼应，故C选项“找出造成混乱的原因”符合语境，故选C。 5．根据上文“Finally, try to address our emotions. It is the most effective way to help us be productive daily. A one-touch email strategy or checking the email twice a day may do a bit, but none of these really solve the problem completely. Actually we are able to use our own desire that we can’t let people down to help us get through our inbox.(最后，试着去处理我们的情绪。这是帮助我们每天保持高效工作的最有效方法。一键式邮件策略或每天查看两次邮件可能会有一点效果，但这些都不能完全解决问题。实际上，我们可以通过自己不想让他人失望的这种内在动力来帮助自己处理好收件箱里的邮件)”可知，前文提到“利用‘不想让别人失望’的意愿来处理收件箱”，本句是对这一方法效果的正面预期，承接前文 “解决情绪问题以提升效率” 的核心，故F选项“有一天，我们会发现我们已经处理完了其中的一切”符合语境，故选F。 07（25-26高三上·黑龙江·开学考试） For decades, street art faces debates, mixed with illegal graffiti (涂鸦) despite its artistic advantages. 1 Today street art, usually replaced with “public art”, is defined as art on outer surfaces done with permission by the community. 2 Street art is sometimes a form of activism that stimulates the imagination. 3 Bringing these images of the art into the classroom and spaces with teens engages them and encourages relevant conversations. Conversation flows easily from admiring images, visiting sites, or participating in the creation of public art. There is value in analyzing street art in your local community to build community connections. Before sharing a piece, briefly research the artist and the name and location of the work — or research together with teens. 4 This promotes diversity in the arts, exposes young people to various professional artists. Street art remains a powerful medium for storytelling and social change. As it continues to evolve, its core mission is still to democratize (使大众化) art and transform urban landscapes into canvases (画布) for collective expression. 5 A．Street art challenges us to see the world differently. B．These questions can be copied with any piece of art. C．This art form has undergone a remarkable transformation. D．It is often seen on walls of buildings and bridges in urban settings. E．Many artists create bold pieces to draw attention to economic issues. F．Younger generations travel to sites of outdoor work to engage with the art. G．Then try selecting artists of diverse backgrounds whose works highlight various styles. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．F 4．G 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出，街头艺术曾因常与非法涂鸦相混淆而存在争议；如今，它大多被赋予“公共艺术”的定位并获得创作许可。此外，文章还提到，街头艺术不仅可作为行动主义的表达形式、助力社区情感联结，更是传递叙事、推动社会变革的重要媒介，其核心使命在于实现艺术的大众化。 1．根据上文“For decades, street art faces debates, mixed with illegal graffiti (涂鸦) despite its artistic advantages.(数十年来，街头艺术一直饱受争议，尽管它具有艺术价值，但其中也夹杂着非法涂鸦的行为)”以及后文“Today street art, usually replaced with “public art”, is defined as art on outer surfaces done with permission by the community.(如今，通常被称为“公共艺术”的街头艺术，是指在得到社区许可的情况下，在建筑物外表面创作的各类艺术作品)”可知，前文提及“街头艺术数十年来面临争议，常与非法涂鸦混淆”，后文转折指出“如今街头艺术常被‘公共艺术’替代，定义为经社区许可的户外艺术”，体现街头艺术的“转变”。故C选项“这种艺术形式经历了显著的变化”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据上文“Today street art, usually replaced with “public art”, is defined as art on outer surfaces done with permission by the community.(如今，通常被称为“公共艺术”的街头艺术，是指在得到社区许可的情况下，在建筑物外表面创作的各类艺术作品)”可知，前文定义“公共艺术是经许可的户外表面艺术”，本句补充说明公共艺术的常见载体，符合“户外艺术”的定义延伸，故D选项“它常常出现在城市环境中的建筑物和桥梁的墙壁上”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据上文“Street art is sometimes a form of activism that stimulates the imagination.(街头艺术有时是一种激发想象力的行动主义形式。)”可知，前文提到“街头艺术有时是激发想象力的行动主义形式”，本句是对“行动主义形式” 的具体举例，说明街头艺术如何通过创作反映社会议题，支撑前文观点，故F选项“年轻一代会前往这些户外艺术作品的所在地，亲身感受并参与到艺术之中。”符合语境，故选F。 4．根据上文“There is value in analyzing street art in your local community to build community connections. Before sharing a piece, briefly research the artist and the name and location of the work — or research together with teens.(对所在社区的街头艺术进行分析具有重要的意义，有助于建立社区间的联系。在分享某幅作品之前，先简要了解一下艺术家以及该作品的名称和所在位置——或者可以与青少年一起进行研究)”以及后文“This promotes diversity in the arts, exposes young people to various professional artists.(这促进了艺术领域的多样性，让年轻人有机会接触到各类专业艺术家)”可知，前文建议“研究艺术家及作品信息，或与青少年一起研究”，后文提及“这能促进艺术多样性，让年轻人接触不同专业艺术家”，G选项承上启下，“背景多样”对应后文“多样性”，故G选项“然后尝试挑选来自不同背景的艺术家，他们的作品能展现出各种不同的风格”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据上文“Street art remains a powerful medium for storytelling and social change. As it continues to evolve, its core mission is still to democratize (使大众化) art and transform urban landscapes into canvases (画布) for collective expression.(街头艺术依然是讲述故事和推动社会变革的一种强有力的形式。随着其不断发展，其核心使命依然在于使艺术大众化，并将城市景观转变为集体表达的画布)”可知，前文总结“街头艺术是叙事和社会变革的有力媒介，核心使命是让艺术大众化、将城市景观变为集体表达的画布”，本句是对街头艺术价值的升华，呼应其“转变城市景观、促进集体表达”的作用，故A选项“街头艺术促使我们以不同的视角去看待这个世界”符合语境，故选A。 08（25-26高三上·北京丰台·开学考试） Emotions interfere with our decision-making, or at least that is the thinking: emotional people seem to do irrational things. A person full of anger might commit a crime of passion. A man in love may do things that compromise his well-being. Surely, this is evidence against emotion’s rationality (理性). 1 Emotions are not only compatible (相容的) with rationality, they can also help us make better choices. Baba Shiv, professor of marketing at Stanford University, writes that “if emotions were irrelevant, we would have evolved very differently”. Since we have emotions, we must wonder why and how they help us, instead of trying to eliminate them. 2 The truth is that emotions and reason are not in conflict. Emotions are rational. They involve judgements. For example, being angry involves judging that a wrongdoing has occurred. That is a rational activity. Emotions also contribute to our understanding. 3 But emotions also give us a reason to act. Fear, for example, gives us a reason to escape a situation. Anticipation of regret provides a reason to avoid excessive risk-taking. Emotions can also help with decision-making. According to Shiv, the emotional brain makes lightning-fast assessments based on past experiences, perceptions of the situation, and other factors that support our instincts. This enables efficient choices. 4 Can we do anything to prevent our emotions from negatively impacting our decision-making: Seo believes so, suggesting ways to reduce the unwanted effects of emotions on our decision-making. For example, if sadness makes us make poor decisions with our money by being reckless (鲁莽的) about spending, we might replace it with gratitude. This feeling might help us make a better, more moderate decision. Humans have reason and emotions. 5 It also prevents us from using our emotions to help us make better decisions. Fortunately, we can choose differently. A．Nevertheless, any situation can still go wrong. B．But this line of thinking couldn’t be more wrong. C．Discounting one for the sake of the other denies our humanity. D．One answer is that emotions aid in rationality and decision-making. E．For example, emotions can change decisions by generating reactions in others. F．They motivate us to inquire about our own beliefs and help us to perceive the world differently. G．It’s why we should warn people about emotions, tell them to calm down before making decisions. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．F 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章先反驳“情绪干扰决策、缺乏理性”的观点，指出情绪与理性相容且助决策，还引学者观点说明其作用，提及应对情绪负面影响的方法，强调不应否定情绪或理性。 1．根据上文“Emotions interfere with our decision-making, or at least that is the thinking: emotional people seem to do irrational things. A person full of anger might commit a crime of passion. A man in love may do things that compromise his well-being. Surely, this is evidence against emotion’s rationality (理性). (情绪会干扰我们的决策过程，至少这是人们的一种看法：情绪化的人往往会做出一些不理智的行为。一个满心愤怒的人可能会因一时冲动而犯罪。一个陷入爱河的人可能会做出损害自身利益的事情。显然，这证明了情绪并非完全具有理性)”以及下文“Emotions are not only compatible (相容的) with rationality, they can also help us make better choices. (情绪不仅与理性相兼容，而且还能帮助我们做出更明智的选择)”可知，上文提出“情绪干扰决策、缺乏理性”的传统观点，下文转折指出“情绪与理性相容，还能帮我们做更好选择”。本句与上文构成转折，指出这一思维方式的错误。故B选项“但这种思维方式完全错误”承上启下，符合语境，故选B。 2．根据上文“Baba Shiv, professor of marketing at Stanford University, writes that “if emotions were irrelevant, we would have evolved very differently”. Since we have emotions, we must wonder why and how they help us, instead of trying to eliminate them. (斯坦福大学市场营销学教授巴巴·希夫写道：“如果情感无关紧要，那么我们的进化过程将会大不相同。”既然我们拥有情感，我们就应该思考其存在的原因以及它如何帮助我们，而不能一味地试图消除它们)”可知，上文提出“既然人类有情绪，应探究其为何及如何帮助我们”，本句直接回应上文的“为何帮助”，为情绪的作用提供解释。故D选项“一种答案是，情绪有助于理性思考和决策”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据上文“The truth is that emotions and reason are not in conflict. Emotions are rational. They involve judgements. For example, being angry involves judging that a wrongdoing has occurred. That is a rational activity. Emotions also contribute to our understanding. (事实是，情感与理性并非相互冲突。情感是理性的。它们包含着判断。例如，生气就涉及对某种不当行为发生的判断。这是一种理性的行为。情感也有助于我们理解事物)”以及下文“But emotions also give us a reason to act. Fear, for example, gives us a reason to escape a situation. Anticipation of regret provides a reason to avoid excessive risk-taking. (但情绪也促使我们采取行动。例如，恐惧会让我们有理由逃离某种状况。对后悔的预期则会促使我们避免过度冒险)”可知，上文强调“情绪有助于理解”，下文以“但情绪也给我们行动的理由”转折，说明情绪的另一作用。本句承接“有助于理解”，具体阐述情绪对认知理解的作用，故F选项“它们促使我们探究自己的信念，并帮助我们以不同的方式看待世界”直接举例论证情绪对认知的积极作用，与上文形成例证关系，符合语境，故选F。 4．根据下文“Can we do anything to prevent our emotions from negatively impacting our decision-making: Seo believes so, suggesting ways to reduce the unwanted effects of emotions on our decision-making. For example, if sadness makes us make poor decisions with our money by being reckless (鲁莽的) about spending, we might replace it with gratitude. This feeling might help us make a better, more moderate decision. (我们能否采取措施来避免情绪对我们的决策产生负面影响呢？塞奥认为可以，他还提出了减少情绪对决策产生不良影响的方法。例如，如果悲伤让我们在花钱方面做出错误的决定，是因为我们在消费时过于冲动，那么我们或许可以用感恩来取代这种情绪。这种感觉可能会帮助我们做出更明智、更适度的决策)”可知，上文论述“情绪能帮助决策”，下文转而提问“如何防止情绪对决策产生负面影响”，体现从“情绪的积极作用”到 “应对情绪消极影响”的过渡。本句引出情绪可能带来的问题，为下文的应对方法做铺垫，故A选项“不过，任何情况仍有可能出错”承上启下，符合语境，故选A。 5．根据上文“Humans have reason and emotions. (人类既有理性，也有情感)”以及下文“It also prevents us from using our emotions to help us make better decisions. Fortunately, we can choose differently. (这还使得我们无法凭借自身的情感来帮助自己做出更明智的决定。幸运的是，我们能够做出不同的选择)”可知，上文指出“人类既有理性也有情绪”，下文“也阻止我们利用情绪帮我们做更好决策” 中的“也”提示上文应提及一种否定情绪或理性的行为。故C选项“因为为了一个而舍弃另一个，就等于否定了我们的人性”直接呼应上下文，符合语境，故选C。 09（25-26高三上·内蒙古·开学考试） When a person is authentic, it means that they act in ways that genuinely show how they feel. They do this rather than putting on different faces around different people, or tailoring their personality based on context. 1 To be authentic, you need to accept yourself for who you are, and treat others with respect. Authentic people display a consistent set of values, and don’t change their behaviour from one conversation to the next. Accept yourself for who you are. Accepting yourself often requires a mental attitude adjustment. Try to be slower to criticize yourself or see yourself as inferior to (次于) others. Focus on accepting and appreciating who you are as a unique individual. 2 Put time into personal growth. There is a great deal of authenticity to be found in growing yourself and pursuing interests that fulfill you as a person. 3 In contrast, inauthentic people often neglect the things that interest them in favor of pursuing whatever they believe to be popular or socially required of them. 4 Authentic people are in touch with their moral compass and their personal set of beliefs. This includes religious beliefs, moral beliefs, and beliefs of any other kind. These beliefs should be evident in your daily behaviours. Many people unthinkingly adopt a partner’s, parent’s or friend’s beliefs without figuring out if the beliefs are right for them. Express your thoughts and feelings. 5 Authentic people are comfortable speaking their mind and communicating when they have a problem or are appreciative of something. If you feel prohibited to speak your mind, or realize that you frequently only say what you think those around you expect to hear, you’re likely behaving inauthentically. A．Ask people for help when you need it. B．Act on your personal beliefs and values. C．Talk about your opinion when it matters to you. D．This can be done through classes, volunteering or hobbies. E．This will lead to authentic behaviours in line with your personality. F．If you don’t have a fear of rejection, it will be easier to maintain a relationship. G．Personal authenticity is the daily expression of your core beliefs and personality. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了什么是个人真实性以及如何做到真实，包括接受自我、投入个人成长、依据个人信念和价值观行事以及表达自己的想法和感受等方面。 1．上文“When a person is authentic, it means that they act in ways that genuinely show how they feel. They do this rather than putting on different faces around different people, or tailoring their personality based on context. (当一个人很真实，这意味着他们的行为能真实地反映内心感受。他们不会在不同的人面前换上不同的面孔，或是根据情境调整自己的个性)”解释了什么是真实，G选项“Personal authenticity is the daily expression of your core beliefs and personality.(个人真实性是你核心信念和个性的日常表达)”进一步阐述了个人真实性的含义，是对上文的进一步说明，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 2．上文“Accepting yourself often requires a mental attitude adjustment. Try to be slower to criticize yourself or see yourself as inferior to (次于) others. Focus on accepting and appreciating who you are as a unique individual.(接受自己通常需要调整心态。尽量减少对自己的批评，或者认为自己不如别人。专注于接受和欣赏你作为一个独特个体的身份)”建议要接受自己，调整心态，减少对自己的批评，欣赏自己作为独特个体的身份，E选项“This will lead to authentic behaviours in line with your personality.(这将导致符合你个性的真实行为)”承接上文，说明接受自己、调整心态后带来的结果，即会有符合自己个性的真实行为，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 3．上文“There is a great deal of authenticity to be found in growing yourself and pursuing interests that fulfill you as a person.(在自我成长和追求让你成为一个完整的人的兴趣中，你会发现很多真实性)”建议要投入个人成长，追求能让自己成为一个完整的人的兴趣，D选项“This can be done through classes, volunteering or hobbies.(这可以通过上课、做志愿者或培养爱好来实现)”承接上文，说明实现自我成长和追求兴趣的具体途径，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。 4．下文“Authentic people are in touch with their moral compass and their personal set of beliefs. This includes religious beliefs, moral beliefs, and beliefs of any other kind. These beliefs should be evident in your daily behaviours.(真实的人与他们的道德指南针和个人信仰体系保持联系。这包括宗教信仰、道德信仰和任何其他类型的信仰。这些信念应该体现在你的日常行为中)”建议要依据个人信念和价值观行事，B选项“Act on your personal beliefs and values.(依据你的个人信念和价值观行事)”概括本段内容，是段首主题句。故选B项。 5．上文“Express your thoughts and feelings.(表达你的想法和感受)”建议要表达自己的想法和感受，C选项“Talk about your opinion when it matters to you.(当事情对你很重要时，谈谈你的看法)”承接上文，进一步说明在什么情况下要表达自己的看法，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 10（25-26高三上·云南·阶段练习） How to Tell If Your Phone Is Tapped Have you ever worried that someone might be listening to your phone calls or monitoring your phone activity? If so, you’re not alone. With the development of technology, phone tapping is no longer just a movie plot. 1 . Here’s how to tell if your phone is tapped and what to do about it. How to Know If Your Phone Is Tapped If you suspect your phone is being monitored, there are several signs to watch out for. Let’s start by learning how to recognize the warning signs of a tapped phone. First, your mobile data usage might rise unexpectedly. Tapping software often sends recordings and logs to the person spying on you, which uses up a lot of data. 2 . Second, you might start seeing an unusual number of pop-ups and ads, even when you’re not browsing the web. 8 . So don’t ignore them if they appear suddenly. Third, check your phone for apps you don’t remember installing. Many tracking apps use innocent-sounding names to avoid being noticed. What to Do If Your Phone Is Tapped If you notice any of the above signs, don’t panic. 4 . One effective step is to reset your phone to its factory settings. This will remove most spyware installed by hackers or stalkers. Another important move is to contact the police. If you have clear evidence of tapping, the police can use special equipment to check your phone. 5 . They can also guide you on further actions to protect your privacy. A．It’s important to check your data usage regularly B．Pop-ups and ads are the most common sign of a tapped phone C．All unusual phone activity must be caused by tapping software D．Knowing how to spot the signs and take action can protect your privacy E．Furthermore, they’ll need solid evidence to take your concerns seriously F．These ads are more than just annoying — they might be a sign of trouble G．Now that you know how to spot a tapped phone, let’s look at what you can do next 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．F 4．G 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何判断手机是否被监听，列出数据用量异常、弹窗广告增多、有陌生应用等迹象，还给出恢复出厂设置、联系警方等应对措施，以保护隐私。 1．由上文“With the development of technology, phone tapping is no longer just a movie plot. (随着科技的发展，电话窃听不再仅仅是电影情节)”可知，电话窃听在现实中存在，下文“Here’s how to tell if your phone is tapped and what to do about it. (以下是如何判断你的电话是否被窃听以及该怎么做)”说明要介绍应对电话窃听的方法，D选项“Knowing how to spot the signs and take action can protect your privacy (知道如何发现迹象并采取行动可以保护你的隐私)”承上启下，既承接上文电话窃听存在的话题，又引出下文介绍判断和应对方法的内容，符合语境。故选D。 2．由上文“First, your mobile data usage might rise unexpectedly. Tapping software often sends recordings and logs to the person spying on you, which uses up a lot of data. (首先，你的移动数据使用量可能会意外上升。窃听软件经常将录音和日志发送给监视你的人，这会消耗大量数据)”可知，本段主要围绕手机数据使用量上升这一可能表明电话被窃听的迹象展开，A选项“It’s important to check your data usage regularly (定期检查你的数据使用量很重要)”与本段话题紧密相关，强调了针对这一迹象应采取的行动，符合语境。故选A。 3．由上文“Second, you might start seeing an unusual number of pop-ups and ads, even when you’re not browsing the web. (其次，即使你没有在浏览网页，你也可能会开始看到大量不寻常的弹出窗口和广告)”可知，本段在介绍电话被窃听的另一个迹象，即出现大量不寻常的弹出窗口和广告，F选项“These ads are more than just annoying — they might be a sign of trouble (这些广告不仅仅是烦人——它们可能是麻烦的迹象)”进一步说明了这些广告的性质，强调其可能是电话被窃听的信号，与上文话题紧密相连，符合语境。故选F。 4．由上文“If you notice any of the above signs, don’t panic. (如果你注意到上述任何迹象，不要惊慌)”可知，上文说发现迹象不要惊慌，下文“One effective step is to reset your phone to its factory settings. (一个有效的步骤是将手机恢复到出厂设置)”以及“Another important move is to contact the police. (另一个重要的举措是联系警方)”介绍了发现迹象后可以采取的行动，G选项“Now that you know how to spot a tapped phone, let’s look at what you can do next (既然你知道如何发现被窃听的电话，让我们看看接下来你能做什么)”承上启下，由发现迹象过渡到介绍应对措施，符合语境。故选G。 5．由上文“Another important move is to contact the police. If you have clear evidence of tapping, the police can use special equipment to check your phone. (另一个重要的举措是联系警方。如果你有明确的窃听证据，警方可以使用特殊设备检查你的手机)”可知，本段在介绍联系警方这一应对措施，E选项“Furthermore, they’ll need solid evidence to take your concerns seriously (此外，他们需要确凿的证据来认真对待你的担忧)”进一步说明了联系警方时需要注意的事项，即要有确凿证据，与上文话题紧密相关，符合语境。故选E。 11（25-26高三上·湖南怀化·开学考试） Each year, the number of accidental drownings rises sharply in summer. We are dedicated to reducing drownings and raising awareness about the preventable issue. Here are five layers of protection to prevent drownings. 1 Four-sided fences, self-closing gates, safety alarms and pool covers are the best to protect unrestricted access of children and even of adults into a body of water, whether it be a pool or a pond. Modern wearable technology further enhances safety. If a person goes underwater with it, there’s a device that can be sounded off. Supervise (监督) swimmers and water activities The second layer is to appoint a supervisor or a water watcher whenever children are in, near, or around the water, even when there’s a lifeguard in place. 2 . So, that’s not being on a cell phone, not being engaged in conversation, not doing household chores while kids are in the water, because drowning is fast and silent. Learn how to swim Another key to preventing drownings is to learn how to swim—plain and simple. Choose brightly colored swimsuits to be easily spotted. Everyone is supposed to learn to swim. It’s about building water-smart skills: floating on your back, treading water, making it to the edge, and shouting for help if you need to. 3 . Use life jackets In addition, we urge the use of life jackets that are sized appropriately for use in, near or around bodies of water and while boating. 4 . Adults need to teach young children about how life jackets work and why it’s important to wear one and what can happen if one isn’t worn. Prepare for emergencies 5 . Know how to recognize someone who’s in trouble and then what to do in that case, call for help and reach or throw something that floats to them. A．Promote accessibility B．Use barriers and alarms C．Such basic competence can save lives D．We advocate fully focused supervision E．It keeps you above the surface and helps you float F．If you’re not trained to rescue, don’t offer to supervise someone G．We suggest learning to perform first aid and keeping rescue equipment in hand 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了夏季意外溺水事件频发，旨在减少溺水事故并提高人们对这一可预防问题的认识，进而提出了预防溺水的五层保护措施。 1．下文“Four-sided fences, self-closing gates, safety alarms and pool covers are the best to protect unrestricted access of children and even of adults into a body of water, whether it be a pool or a pond. (四面栅栏、自动关闭的大门、安全警报器和泳池盖是防止儿童甚至成人无限制进入水域（无论是泳池还是池塘）的最佳选择)”提到了栅栏、大门、警报器等防护设施，这些都属于屏障和警报装置，B选项“使用屏障和警报器”能够概括该段内容，适合作为本段的主旨句。故选B。 2．上文“The second layer is to appoint a supervisor or a water watcher whenever children are in, near, or around the water, even when there’s a lifeguard in place. (第二层保护是，每当有孩子在水中、水边或周围时，即使有救生员在场，也要指定一名监督员或水上观察员)”强调了监督的重要性，下文“So, that’s not being on a cell phone, not being engaged in conversation, not doing household chores while kids are in the water, because drowning is fast and silent. (所以，当孩子们在水里时，不要玩手机，不要参与交谈，不要做家务，因为溺水发生得又快又无声)”则具体说明监督时不能做的事情，突出监督需要专注，D选项“我们倡导全神贯注的监督”承接上文，引出下文对专注监督的具体要求，符合语境。故选D。 3．上文“It’s about building water-smart skills: floating on your back, treading water, making it to the edge, and shouting for help if you need to. (这是关于培养水上智慧技能：仰漂、踩水、游到岸边，以及在需要时呼救)”介绍了一些基本的水上技能，空处应说明这些技能的作用，C选项“这种基本能力可以拯救生命”符合语境，其中“Such basic competence”指代上文提到的那些水上技能。故选C。 4．上文“In addition, we urge the use of life jackets that are sized appropriately for use in, near or around bodies of water and while boating. (此外，我们强烈建议使用尺寸合适的救生衣，用于水中、水边或水域周围以及划船时)”提到了救生衣，空处应解释救生衣的作用，E选项“它能让你浮在水面上，帮助你漂浮”说明了救生衣的功能，符合语境。故选E。 5．本段主旨是“Prepare for emergencies (为紧急情况做准备)”，下文“Know how to recognize someone who’s in trouble and then what to do in that case, call for help and reach or throw something that floats to them. (知道如何识别遇到麻烦的人，然后在这种情况下该怎么做，呼救并伸手或扔一些漂浮的东西给他们)”讲述了在紧急情况下的应对方法，G选项“我们建议学习急救并准备好救援设备”符合本段主题，是为紧急情况做准备的具体体现，引出下文的应对措施。故选G。 12（25-26高三上·广东·开学考试） Research presented suggests that people who eat slowly are less likely than speed-eaters to become overweight or to develop metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征), which involves a variety of conditions associated with stroke, heart disease and diabetes. 1 In 2008, Japanese researchers, led by Hiroshima University cardiologist Dr Takayuki Yamaji, hired over 1,000 healthy Japanese adults. 2 At the same time, the researchers tracked these adults’ health for the next five years. Eighty-four people were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome during those five years, with a clear connection between eating speed and development of the disease. The incidence rate was 11.6% among fast eaters, 6.5% among normal eaters and just 2.3% among slow eaters. 3 Moreover, they had more chance to suffer from higher blood sugar. 4 In reality, a lot of research has shown that eating fast is associated with weight gain and other health issues. “You probably do eat more because you are eating so quickly. You really don’t have any idea of what you’ve eaten,” says American Heart Association spokesperson Dr Nieca Goldberg. “When you eat slowly, you are much more aware of your eating. You are chewing your food properly and you’re also slowing down digestion.” Goldberg says that it should take at least 30 minutes to eat a meal. 5 Goldberg suggests eating with a friend, cutting your food into smaller pieces, chewing more, taking deep breaths and setting your fork down between bites. A．Doing so also helps you feel full. B．Those results aren’t all that surprising. C．Eat in a situation where it’s beneficial to eating. D．The speedy eaters were also more likely to weigh more. E．This shows that when it comes to eating, slow and steady wins the race. F．So, if you tend to eat fast, you’ll likely need to train yourself to slow down. G．They asked the adults to characterize their eating speed — slow, normal or fast. 【答案】1．E 2．G 3．D 4．B 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究表明慢食更健康，快食易导致超重和代谢综合征等问题，并给出慢食建议。 1．根据上文“Research presented suggests that people who eat slowly are less likely than speed-eaters to become overweight or to develop metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征), which involves a variety of conditions associated with stroke, heart disease and diabetes.(相关研究显示，进食缓慢的人比进食速度快的人更不容易发胖，也不容易患上代谢综合征。代谢综合征是一种综合病症，包括多种与中风、心脏病和糖尿病相关的病症)”可知，研究表明吃得慢的人比吃得快的人更不容易超重或患代谢综合征，空处应总结这一研究结论，E项“这表明在饮食方面，慢而稳者胜”承接上文研究结果，概括了“吃得慢更健康”的核心观点，符合语境。故选E。 2．根据上文“In 2008, Japanese researchers, led by Hiroshima University cardiologist Dr Takayuki Yamaji, hired over 1,000 healthy Japanese adults.(2008年，由广岛大学心脏病专家Takayuki Yamaji博士领导的日本研究人员招募了超过1000名健康的日本成年人)”以及下文“At the same time, the researchers tracked these adults’ health for the next five years.(与此同时，研究人员对这些成年人的健康状况进行了为期五年的跟踪调查)”可知，上文提到2008年日本研究人员招募了1000多名健康成年人，下文说明研究人员对这些人的健康进行了五年追踪，空处应补充研究过程中对这些成年人的具体操作，G项“他们要求这些成人描述自己的饮食速度——慢、正常或快”符合研究逻辑，既呼应了“招募受试者”的前提，又为后续“追踪健康与进食速度的关系”铺垫，衔接自然。故选G。 3．根据上文“Eighty-four people were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome during those five years, with a clear connection between eating speed and development of the disease. The incidence rate was 11.6% among fast eaters, 6.5% among normal eaters and just 2.3% among slow eaters.(在这五年期间，有84人被诊断出患有代谢综合征，饮食速度与该疾病的发展之间存在明显的关联。快速进食者患病率高达11.6%，正常进食者为6.5%，而慢食者仅为2.3%)”以及下文“Moreover, they had more chance to suffer from higher blood sugar.(此外，他们更有可能出现血糖升高的情况)”可知，上文指出五年间84人被诊断出代谢综合征，且进食速度与患病概率相关，空处应进一步说明快食者的其他健康问题。D项“快食者也更有可能体重更重”与上文的患病概率数据形成递进，补充了快食的另一个负面影响，且与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选D。 4．根据下文“In reality, a lot of research has shown that eating fast is associated with weight gain and other health issues. “You probably do eat more because you are eating so quickly. You really don’t have any idea of what you’ve eaten,” says American Heart Association spokesperson Dr Nieca Goldberg. “When you eat slowly, you are much more aware of your eating. You are chewing your food properly and you’re also slowing down digestion.”(实际上，大量研究已经表明，进食过快与体重增加以及其他健康问题有关。美国心脏协会发言人Nieca Goldberg博士表示：“你可能会吃得更多，因为你是这么快地进食的。你根本不知道自己吃了什么。”“当你进食缓慢时，你会更加清楚自己的饮食情况。你会充分咀嚼食物，而且消化过程也会随之减缓。”)”可知，空处为总起句，B项中Those results指代上文的各项研究结果，B项“以上这些结果并不完全那么令人惊讶”起到过渡作用，既认可了上文日本研究结果的合理性，又引出下文，使上下文逻辑连贯。故选B。 5．根据上文“Goldberg says that it should take at least 30 minutes to eat a meal.(Goldberg表示，一顿饭至少应该花30分钟)”及下文“Goldberg suggests eating with a friend, cutting your food into smaller pieces, chewing more, taking deep breaths and setting your fork down between bites.(Goldberg建议与朋友一起用餐，将食物切成小块，多咀嚼，深呼吸，并在每吃一口后将叉子放下)”可知，上文提到Goldberg认为一顿饭至少需要30分钟，下文给出了放慢进食速度的具体建议，空处应承上启下，提出针对快食者的建议。F项“所以，如果你倾向于吃得快，你可能需要训练自己放慢速度”既呼应了上文“需要30分钟吃饭”的观点，又为下文的具体建议做了铺垫，符合语境。故选F。 1 / 40 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$