Unit 3 Celebrations 传统节日（话题阅读精练）英语北师大版2019必修第一册

Unit 3 Celebrations 传统节日 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 主题词汇积累 一、核心词汇1（传统与习俗） 1.ceremony n.仪式 2.celebrate v.庆祝 3.feast n.盛宴 4.observe v.庆祝 5.invitation n.邀请 6.tasty adj.可口的；好吃的 7.anniversary n.周年纪念日 二、核心词汇2（节日氛围） 1.joyful adj.高兴的 2.festive adj.节日的；喜庆的 3.greet v.问候；迎接 4.delighted adj.高兴的 5.pleasant adj.愉快的 6.merry adj.快乐的 7.reunion n.团聚 8.have fun 过得愉快 三、培优词汇 1.parade v.游行 2.carnival n.狂欢节 3.taboo n.禁忌，忌讳 4.mark v.标志；纪念；庆贺 5.flame n.火焰 6.costume n.服装 7.staying-up n.守岁 8.red packet红包 四、话题语块 1.add to the festive atmosphere增添节日气氛 2.admire the full moon together一起赏月 3.celebrate an anniversary庆祝周年纪念日 4.around the corner/draw near临近 5.the most energetic festival最具有活力的节日 6.mark the beginning/end of标志……的开始/结束 7.put up/paste spring couplets贴春联 五、话题句型 1.The Spring Festival is a special holiday for most Chinese when the whole family will get together. 对大多数中国人来说，春节是一个特殊的节日，此时全家人会欢聚一堂。 2.Chinese Spring Festival has a long history, which is nearly 4,000 years old. 中国的春节历史悠久，有接近4 000年的历史了。 时文拓展阅读 【素养导读】本文通过一项科学研究，揭示了热浪加速人类衰老的重要发现 —— 其危害程度堪比吸烟、不良饮食等因素，且对不同人群影响存在差异。这一研究不仅刷新了我们对高温健康风险的认知，也提醒我们重视气候危机下的高温应对。 Heatwaves: The Hidden Accelerator of Ageing 热浪：隐藏的衰老加速器 A new study finds that repeated exposure to heatwaves speeds up ageing in people. Researchers say this impact is roughly similar to the health harm from smoking, drinking alcohol, eating poorly, or not exercising enough. Scientists warn that extreme high temperatures are getting more common because of the climate crisis. This could bring widespread and long-lasting damage to billions of people’s health. One expert says this research is a “paradigm shift” in how we understand heat’s impact on health—it can affect us for our whole life. We already know heatwaves cause a short jump in early deaths. For example, a heatwave in England last June was linked to nearly 600 premature deaths. But this new analysis is one of the first to study heat’s long-term effects. The scientists note that the increase in biological age seems small, but it only happened over two years. Now they’re looking into how heatwaves affect ageing throughout a person’s lifetime. They also say heatwaves will have a big total impact on people worldwide. Everyone suffers during heatwaves, and a higher biological age strongly means a greater risk of death. Dr Cui Guo from the University of Hong Kong, who led the research, said: “If people face heatwaves for decades, the health impact will be much worse than what we’ve reported. Heatwaves are also happening more often and lasting longer, so their harm may be even bigger in the future.” In 2024, fossil fuel burning—the main cause of the climate crisis—hit a record high. Prof Paul Beggs from Macquarie University in Sydney (who wasn’t in the research team) said: “Many of us have been through heatwaves and thought we were unharmed. But this research shows heatwaves change how fast we age.” He added: “In 2024, scientists found heat exposure in early life harms children’s brain white matter development. Together with this new finding that heatwaves speed up adults’ ageing, we now understand better how serious heat’s health effects are. Heat can affect us at any age, and the impact lasts a lifetime.” This new research, published in Nature Climate Change, used results from many medical tests to find each participant’s biological age. The tests included checking blood pressure, inflammation, cholesterol, and how well the lungs, liver, and kidneys work. Then researchers compared each person’s biological age with their real age to see if heatwave exposure was linked to faster ageing. They found the total number of heatwave days a person experienced had the biggest effect on speeding up ageing. No one knows exactly why long periods of high temperatures make people age faster, but DNA damage is likely part of the reason. Analysis also showed that while heatwaves’ harmful effects get weaker over time, they still matter. This suggests people are taking more steps to deal with heat—like staying in the shade more and using air conditioners when possible. The 25,000 adults in the study all joined a paid health management plan. On average, they were younger, healthier, and more educated than most people. Older people and those who are sick are more easily hurt by heat, so heat’s effect on their ageing is probably stronger than the study found. The study considered factors like people’s weight, smoking and exercise habits, pre-existing illnesses (such as diabetes and cancer), and how much air conditioning is used in their neighbourhood. But there was no data on some important factors—like how much time people spend outdoors, how cool their homes are, and if they use air conditioners themselves. Researchers said more studies are needed for these points. Beggs said the study’s results match a recent US study. That US study showed outdoor heat speeds up ageing in older adults. Another US analysis from 2023 found: “Lots of exposure to extreme heat makes Black people and residents of poor neighbourhoods lose cognitive abilities faster.” 【全文翻译】 热浪：隐藏的衰老加速器 一项新研究发现，反复暴露在热浪中会加快人类衰老速度。研究人员表示，这种影响与吸烟、饮酒、不良饮食或缺乏运动对健康造成的危害大致相当。 科学家警告，受气候危机影响，极端高温天气正变得越来越常见，这可能会对数十亿人的健康造成广泛且持久的损害。 一位专家指出，这项研究在我们对高温健康影响的认知上实现了 “范式转变”—— 高温对健康的影响可能会持续一生。 我们早已知道，热浪会导致短期早逝人数激增。例如，去年 6 月英国的一场热浪就与近 600 人过早死亡有关。但这项新分析是首批研究高温长期影响的成果之一。 科学家们指出，研究中发现的生物年龄增长幅度看似不大，但这仅仅是两年内的变化。目前他们正在研究热浪对人一生衰老过程的影响。 研究人员还表示，热浪对全球人口的总体影响将十分巨大。因为每个人都会受到热浪影响，而生物年龄升高则强烈意味着死亡风险会增加。 该研究负责人、香港大学的崔国博士表示：“如果人们持续数十年暴露在热浪中，其健康受到的影响将远比我们报告的更为严重。而且热浪出现的频率越来越高、持续时间越来越长，未来它的危害可能会更大。”2024 年，作为气候危机主要诱因的化石燃料燃烧量达到了历史新高。 澳大利亚悉尼麦考瑞大学的保罗・贝格斯教授（未参与该研究）称：“我们很多人都经历过热浪，并且以为自己毫发无损。但这项研究表明，热浪会改变我们的衰老速度。” 他补充道：“2024 年，科学家发现生命早期暴露在高温环境中会损害儿童脑白质的发育。再加上这项新发现 —— 热浪会加速成年人衰老，我们现在更清楚地认识到高温对健康的影响有多严重。高温在任何年龄段都可能影响我们，而且这种影响会持续一生。” 这项发表在《自然气候变化》期刊上的新研究，通过多项医学检测结果来确定每位参与者的生物年龄，检测内容包括血压、炎症水平、胆固醇含量以及肺、肝、肾功能等。随后，研究人员将每个人的生物年龄与实际年龄进行对比，以探究热浪暴露是否与衰老加速有关。 他们发现，一个人经历的热浪总天数对加速衰老的影响最大。目前尚不清楚长时间高温为何会加快衰老，但 DNA 损伤很可能是原因之一。 分析还显示，尽管热浪的有害影响会随着时间的推移而减弱，但仍不容忽视。这表明人们正在采取更多措施应对高温，例如更多地待在阴凉处，以及在条件允许时使用空调。 参与该研究的 2.5 万名成年人均加入了付费健康管理计划，平均而言，他们比普通人群更年轻、更健康、受教育程度更高。老年人和病患群体对高温更为敏感，因此高温对他们衰老过程的影响可能比研究中发现的更为显著。 该研究考虑了多种因素，包括参与者的体重、吸烟和运动习惯、既往疾病（如糖尿病和癌症）以及所在社区的空调整体使用情况。但关于一些重要因素 —— 如人们的户外停留时间、住宅凉爽程度以及个人空调使用情况，目前尚无相关数据。研究人员表示，需要开展更多研究来探究这些方面。 贝格斯指出，这项研究的结果与美国近期的一项研究相符。那项美国研究表明，户外高温会加速老年人的衰老。2023 年另一项美国分析发现：“长期暴露在极端高温环境中，会导致黑人群体和贫困社区居民的认知能力下降速度更快。” Ⅰ.课标词汇 ①accelerate v. 加速；促进 ②exposure n. 暴露；接触 ③extreme adj. 极端的；极度的 ④biological adj. 生物的；生物学的 ⑤premature adj. 过早的；提前的 ⑥accumulate v. 积累；积聚 ⑦fossil fuel 化石燃料 ⑧vulnerable adj. 易受伤害的；脆弱的 ⑨pre-existing adj. 先前存在的 ⑩diabetes n. 糖尿病 ⑪cognitive adj. 认知的；认识的 ⑫inflammation n. 炎症；发炎 ⑬cholesterol n. 胆固醇 Ⅱ.读后续写积累：科学研究表述 1.A new study finds that repeated exposure to heatwaves speeds up ageing in people. Researchers say this impact is roughly similar to the health harm from smoking, drinking alcohol, eating poorly, or not exercising enough. 2.The study considered factors like people’s weight, smoking and exercise habits... But there was no data on some important factors... Researchers said more studies are needed for these points. 高考真题链接 (2025·全国一卷·阅读理解D篇) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 33．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 34．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 命题特点 说明文类阅读理解题要求考生能够根据语篇中的事实和线索进行推理与归纳。它重点考查考生理解具体细节信息、概括主旨大意、猜测词语含义、推断语篇含义的能力。说明文新词汇和专业术语多，逻辑性和知识性强，句子不易理解。基于此，考生可从题材特征、语篇模式、写作手法、前后句关系等方面，掌握解答说明文阅读理解题的技巧，提升解题的效果。 说明文解题策略 1.抓关键句：抓住首末句以及作者态度句。答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。 2.抓出题处：作者有时候会在列举处命题，在例证处命题，在转折处命题，在比较处命题，在总结归纳处命题。因此，在解题过程中，考生要有意识地重视这些特殊命题点，从而更有效地解题。 3. 把握生词和长难句：对于不影响文章整体理解以及解题的生词，可以忽略不计；对于影响理解及解题的关键词，一定要大胆猜测。 4.掌握说明顺序和说明方法：说明顺序包括时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序，说明方法包括举例子、作比较、分类别、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用。 解题妙招     ★妙招 1 了解题材特征，捕捉具体信息，完成细节理解 说明文题材涵盖广泛，在历年高考题中多以科普、社会生活、历史文化等内容为主。以科普说明文为例，它着重对科学现象、道理和观点进行阐述，其特点是对其成因、关系以及原理进行说明，目的是让考生明白这种现象是什么、为什么是这样。因此，考生可根据抽象事理阐述的因果关系，提取关键信息，定位原文区域，获取细节信息。 ★妙招 2 掌握语篇模式，理清行文脉络，了解主旨大意 语篇模式是篇章的组织形式，主要有问题解决型、假设真实型、概括具体型、匹配比较型等，有时这几种模式会存在于同一语篇中。这些组织形式在文中出现的位置比较灵活。考生可根据题干准确定位信息，理清结构脉络，明确段落关键句和关键词，以此为线索概括段落大意，从中提炼语篇的主旨大意。 ★妙招 3 妙用写作手法，提取关键信息，进行词义猜测 说明文通常借助分类、比较、举例、解释、定义、列数据、引用等方法阐述说明对象，一般出现在语篇的中间部分，语篇开端会介绍主题，结尾一般为结论。考生可根据相关提示词关注语篇的写作手法，围绕题干获取相关信息，以此为线索解答问题。 ★妙招 4 活用词句关系，辨析逻辑顺序，实施逻辑推理 句间关系是指句或段与其他的句或段之间的关系。考生掌握句或段之间的关系，辨析句或段之间的逻辑顺序，据此推断语篇以及各部分的意义。 1．Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. 抓标志：破折号；并列谓语 settled、stuck、filled、fallen；介词短语 in the deep sea、on the Himalayas、inside volcanic rocks、of seabirds、in fresh Antarctic snow 判类型：主句 + 并列结构（含有过去分词短语作状语） 试翻译：微塑料已成为全球范围内常见的污染源 —— 它们沉积在深海和喜马拉雅山脉，附着在火山岩内部，填满海鸟的胃部，甚至落在南极的新雪中。 2. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 抓标志：介词短语 In a study、from China、in Environmental Science & Technology Letters；过去分词短语 published Wednesday；宾语从句引导词 that；破折号；时间状语从句引导词 after 判类型：主句（含有介词短语作状语、过去分词短语作定语） + 宾语从句（含有时间状语从句和破折号插入语） 试翻译：在周三发表于《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中，来自中国的研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸仅五分钟 —— 然后在其冷却后过滤 —— 可以去除其中至少 80% 的微塑料。 1. a common source of pollution 一种常见的污染源 2. settled in the deep sea 沉积在深海 3. rely on 依赖；依靠 4. led to an almost 90 percent drop 导致近 90% 的下降 5. potential path forward 潜在的解决途径 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 311 作者介绍了到美国上高中的第一天，对比了美国高中和印度高中的不同。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 320 本文旨在介绍一项研究结果：走神的孩子可能更聪明，走神可能与更敏锐的大脑和工作记忆容量相关，表明走神并非坏事，反而可能反映认知能力的优势。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 290 主要介绍了澳大利亚弗林德斯大学的Jake Robinson团队关于声音对真菌生长影响的实验，包括实验过程、结果以及后续研究方向和专家评价等。 Passage4 七选五 说明文 240 主要介绍了进行户外跑步是应该注意的事项。 Passage5 七选五 说明文 224 文章介绍流感症状及危害，给出接种疫苗、勤洗手、避免接触病人、生病居家等建议，以保护自己和他人。 Passage6 完形填空 记叙文 25 文章讲述了作者一家在驾驶途中因为正值假日无法找到旅馆，加油站的琳达邀请作者一家去她家留宿，把他们当作客人一样招待，请他们一起吃早餐，作者一家和琳达一家保持了很久的联系，后来联系断掉了，但是善意不会被忘记。 Passage7 语法填空 记叙文 180 文章介绍了广州越秀区的二沙岛，现在它是游客和当地人欣赏珠江美景的好地方。 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·云南昭通·期中）Frightened, I was walking into my first school in America. I had traveled a long distance from India in order to join my parents, who had been here for three years, hoping America would help my future. My father decided that I would have a better education here, so I enrolled (登记) in the local high school in my new town. I was afraid of how I would do. On the first day, I went to my second class after I had missed my first. With anxiety, I reached for the door, opening it slowly. Without paying attention to my classmates, I went straight to the teacher and asked if this was the right class. With a soft voice he answered, “Yes.” His voice comforted me a little. He gave me a sheet called Course Requirements, which I would never get in India because we didn’t have anything like that. Then he asked me to choose where I would sit. I didn’t actually want to pick a seat. In India we had fixed seats, so I never needed to worry about that. I spent the rest of the class taking notes from the image produced by the overhead projector (投影仪). In Indian schools, we didn’t use the technology. We had to take notes as the teacher spoke. It was noon. I was very confused about when I would have lunch. I went to my next class and the bell rang as I entered. I went through the regular (惯常的) process of asking the teacher if I was in the right class. She said, “It’s still fourth period.” “But the bell just rang,” I said. Changing from a gentle tone to a harsh (刺耳的) one, she said, “That is the lunch bell, young man.” I apologized. Without another word I headed for the cafeteria (自助食堂). I felt lucky because we didn’t have this in India. Every confusion seemed like a barrier I had to get through to reach my goal. At the end of the day, I was on my way to the bus which we didn’t have in India either. I saw my bus and sat down inside happily. I was thinking, today wasn’t so bad. 1．Why did the author enroll in an American high school? A．Because his mother had worked in it for 3 years. B．Because his father thought little of Indian schools. C．Because his family wanted him to have a bright future. D．Because he had been anxious to leave his homeland. 2．What can we learn about the author’s first day of school? A．He missed his lunch because he was lost. B．He had no choice but to seat in a fixed seat. C．His classmates and teachers were all unfriendly. D．He felt differences between the two education systems. 3．What does the underlined word “barrier” probably mean? A．Period. B．Difficulty. C．Task. D．Door. 4．What was the author’s attitude towards his first day in high school? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·山东济南·开学考试）Children whose minds wander (走神) might have sharper brains, a research suggests. A study has found that people who let their minds wander easily have more “working memory”, giving them the ability to hold a lot of information in their heads and control it cleverly. Children at school need this type of memory on a daily basis for different kinds of tasks, such as following teachers’ instructions or remembering dictated sentences. During the study, volunteers were asked to perform one simple task during which researchers kept asking if their minds were wandering. In the end, volunteers tested their ability to remember a series of letters mixed with simple maths questions. Daniel Levinson, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the United States, said that those with higher working memory capacity (储存容量) reported “more mind wandering during these simple tasks”, but their performance did not deteriorate. The results, published online in the journal Psychological Science, seem to make sure that the former research found working memory allows humans to deal with many thoughts at the same time. Another researcher said, “This study seems to suggest that when the tasks aren’t very difficult, people with additional working memory capacity use them effectively to think about other things besides what they’re doing.” Working memory capacity is also connected with general measures (标准) of intelligence, such as reading comprehension and IQ scores. The results suggest the sorts of planning that people do quite often in daily life — when they are on the bus, when they are cycling to work, when they are in the shower — are probably supported by working memory. 1．What did the researchers ask the volunteers to do during the study? A．Question each other. B．Put on a performance. C．Remember mixed numbers. D．Carry out one easy task. 2．What does the underlined word “deteriorate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Become worse. B．Go well. C．Start quickly. D．Lose control. 3．What can be known about working memory? A．It stops useless thoughts. B．It changes with time going on. C．It helps with more tasks at one time. D．It causes worse performance during work. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．How the working memory works. B．Working memory can be improved. C．Wandering minds are not something bad. D．Why people’s minds wander while working. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·江苏南通·期中）Scientists now know that healthy soils have a unique sound landscape produced by invertebrates (无脊椎动物) such as earthworms and ants, but they have not yet studied how this background noise in the ecosystem affects plant and fungal (真菌的) growth. To investigate the impacts of sound on fungi, Jake Robinson at Flinders University in Australia and his team buried regular teabags in soil inside a soundproof (隔音的) box. Inside the box, they played an 8 kHz tone at a volume of 70 dB for one set of teabags and 90 dB for another, 8 hours per day for 14 days. A control group received only ambient (周围的) sound stimulation of less than 30 dB． At the end of the experiment, both sets of teabags exposed to sound had increased in weight, from 2.5 grams to 3.1 grams on average, due to the growth of fungi. The control teabags stayed the same weight on average. Robinson notes that much more work is required to fully explain their observations. While the results may seem surprising, he says we can think of sound as an energy input which the fungi are somehow turning into growth. This may be through a so-called piezoelectric effect (压电效应) , in which mechanical pressure is transformed into electrical energy. He hopes the research leads to ways to restore habitats by broadcasting sounds. “We now need to build on these findings and transform them into an applied use,” Robinson says. “If we can use these findings in ecosystem restoration and agriculture, then that would be great.” Christina Birnbaum at the University of Southern Queensland, Australia, says in terms of ecosystem restoration, this is pioneering work. However, the mechanism (机制) by which sound is translated to growth is still unclear. “The next step is to recreate these findings in the field where you have all these other factors complicating the laboratory results,” Birnbaum says. 1．What was the aim of Jake Robinson’s experiment? A．To see how sounds influence fungi. B．To find a way to improve soil health. C．To determine the harm of background noise. D．To explore why invertebrates produce sound. 2．What happened to the teabags in the experimental group? A．They changed color. B．They became heavier. C．They were eaten by earthworms. D．They were well integrated with the soil. 3．What is the piezoelectric effect used to explain? A．The growth of fungi. B．The process of restoring habitats. C．The potential applications of this study. D．The transformation of electrical energy. 4．What does Christina Birnbaum suggest for the next step of study? A．Conducting more laboratory experiments. B．Extending the study to a real-world setting. C．Identifying the factors affecting the laboratory results. D．Exploring alternative methods for ecosystem restoration. Passage 4 （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期中）Although running indoors on a treadmill (跑步机) is comfortable, many runners prefer to train outdoors because it allows them to enjoy nature. 1 But running outdoors presents some challenges. Be careful of the following things. 2 Many runners make the mistake of setting their speeds inaccurately (不准确地) when running outdoors. This is especially true for those who are used to running indoors. How can you learn your running level? Regularly choose different speeds and learn about your feelings and performance. How do you feel about jogging, racing and sprinting (短跑) speeds? Also, train to alternate (交替) these speeds to make the routine more challenging. Adapt to the weather. Remember that running outdoors is different from running indoors on a treadmill. In the winter, you may run more on the treadmill. Treadmills are a soft surface. When the winter is over and you want to run outdoors again, you need to give your body enough time to get used to the outdoors again. 3 Wear the right shoes. Avoid wearing bad running shoes with worn-out material. If the material is already worn out, it can no longer provide you with the support your feet need for running. 4 Also, make sure you choose the right shoes—shoes designed specifically for the challenges of running. Stay patient and work for results. However hard you train, you won’t see results overnight. You need to be patient. 5 Take your time to make progress and expect challenges. A．Break your old habit. B．Know your speed. C．A pair of good shoes can do wonders. D．Replace old running shoes immediately. E．A change of scenery can also improve their feeling. F．Don’t expect your desired results to happen quickly. G．Give your body time to get used to different surfaces. Passage5 （24-25高一上·陕西咸阳·开学考试）When people have the flu, they may have a fever, a dry cough, a headache, pain in the body, a sore throat and a runny nose. Each year, millions of people come down with flu. Most can be fine within a week, but for an unlucky few, flu can be deadly. 1 Get vaccinated (接种疫苗) Getting vaccinated every year is the most important way to protect yourself against flu, and other serious problems. Immunization is especially important for children aged 6 months to 5 years, elderly people, and medical workers. 2 Wash your hands more Clean hands protect against flu. 3 Wash your hands with soap and running water more and dry them after that. Remember — washing your hands usually takes a short time. Avoid being around sick people 4 So it’s necessary for you to protect yourself by wearing a mask (口罩) when you go to the public places. When you are sick, keep yourself away from others to protect them from getting sick too. If you don’t feel well, stay home If you’re ill with flu, being around others puts them at risk. This is especially true for people who have been in poor health situations. If possible, stay home from work, school when you are sick. 5 A．Remember, a flu vaccine cannot give you flu. B．Keep your body healthier by following healthy habits. C．This will help prevent spreading your illness to others. D．People tend to spend more time indoors during the fall and winter. E．The advice below will help you know how you can protect yourself and others. F．Flu spreads easily in crowded spaces, such as on public transport and in schools. G．Keeping your hands clean is an easy way to keep yourself and your family healthy. Passage6 （23-24高一上·河南许昌·期中）Many years ago, when we first went to Canada, we were driving through Montana to Colorado with our two children, then aged 8 and 11. As it was getting 1 , we started looking for a hotel, only to find out that it was 2 time in that part of the country, and all the hotels were 3 . Finally, around 9 o’clock in the evening, we 4 at a gas station to fill up with gas. My husband asked for a 5 book and told the woman at the counter that we were trying to find a hotel. She told us it would be 6 . He tried for 15 more minutes. When he was 7 , the woman, Linda, said she and her family lived nearby and would be happy if we spent the night at her home. My husband was 8 at her offer of generosity(慷慨). She called her son to 9 us, since she had to work at the gas station till midnight. When we reached their home, her husband 10 us. He invited us to have coffee and chat while we 11 his wife. She came past l2 am. We asked if we could slip away in the morning so as not to disturb them. They said we were now 12 and we would have to have breakfast with them. Next morning, we ate breakfast, and when we were 13 , my husband asked if he could offer some 14 . They would not hear of it and insisted we were their guests. We kept in touch for many years, and invited them to our 15 , too. Over the years, we lost touch, but have never forgotten their kindness. 1．A．cold B．bad C．late D．hot 2．A．holiday B．thunder C．violence D．dusk 3．A．affected B．booked C．selected D．closed 4．A．looked B．rested C．explored D．stopped 5．A．reading B．picture C．text D．phone 6．A．impossible B．reasonable C．easy D．terrible 7．A．complete B．lucky C．upset D．unsuccessful 8．A．encouraged B．surprised C．scared D．bored 9．A．direct B．treat C．send D．teach 10．A．recognized B．questioned C．fed D．greeted 11．A．got through B．turned to C．waited for D．cared about 12．A．guests B．tourists C．strangers D．passengers 13．A．drinking B．driving C．leaving D．staying 14．A．thanks B．payment C．kindness D．apologies 15．A．office B．car C．home D．company Passage7 （20-21高一上·广东揭阳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ersha Island lies in the Yuexiu district (区域) of Guangzhou. It is a good place for tourists and local people to enjoy the beautiful view along the Pearl River after years of environmental 1 (improve). Covering 2 area of 1.26 million square meters, Ersha Island is home to Guangdong Museum of Art, Guangdong Overseas Chinese Museum, Xinghai Concert Hall, Guangdong Gymnasium and a number of 3 (park). “Besides visiting the museums, 4 (enjoy) music and taking exercise, tourists and locals can walk on the banks of the Pearl River to enjoy the natural scenery,” said Huang Fengchan, a local woman 5 lives in Zhujiang New Town near Ersha Island . “My husband and I 6 (usual) go to Ersha Island to relax and have dinner at weekends,” she added. Ersha Island is close to Zhujiang New Town, and the Canton Tower stands on the south bank of the Pearl River. The 600-meter-high Canton Tower is commonly known 7 Xiaomanyao, or “slim waist” among local people. Many music shows are held in Xinghai Concert Hall every year. The cultural square in front of the concert hall has become an 8 (amaze) place for locals and tourists to enjoy pop music, as many street singers go there 9 (sing) in the evening. Ersha is connected to Haixinsha to its east. Haixinsha, another island on the Pearl River, 10 (be) once the venue (场所) for the opening ceremony (幕式) of the 2010 Asian Games. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Celebrations 传统节日 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 主题词汇积累 一、核心词汇1（传统与习俗） 1.ceremony n.仪式 2.celebrate v.庆祝 3.feast n.盛宴 4.observe v.庆祝 5.invitation n.邀请 6.tasty adj.可口的；好吃的 7.anniversary n.周年纪念日 二、核心词汇2（节日氛围） 1.joyful adj.高兴的 2.festive adj.节日的；喜庆的 3.greet v.问候；迎接 4.delighted adj.高兴的 5.pleasant adj.愉快的 6.merry adj.快乐的 7.reunion n.团聚 8.have fun 过得愉快 三、培优词汇 1.parade v.游行 2.carnival n.狂欢节 3.taboo n.禁忌，忌讳 4.mark v.标志；纪念；庆贺 5.flame n.火焰 6.costume n.服装 7.staying-up n.守岁 8.red packet红包 四、话题语块 1.add to the festive atmosphere增添节日气氛 2.admire the full moon together一起赏月 3.celebrate an anniversary庆祝周年纪念日 4.around the corner/draw near临近 5.the most energetic festival最具有活力的节日 6.mark the beginning/end of标志……的开始/结束 7.put up/paste spring couplets贴春联 五、话题句型 1.The Spring Festival is a special holiday for most Chinese when the whole family will get together. 对大多数中国人来说，春节是一个特殊的节日，此时全家人会欢聚一堂。 2.Chinese Spring Festival has a long history, which is nearly 4,000 years old. 中国的春节历史悠久，有接近4 000年的历史了。 时文拓展阅读 【素养导读】本文通过一项科学研究，揭示了热浪加速人类衰老的重要发现 —— 其危害程度堪比吸烟、不良饮食等因素，且对不同人群影响存在差异。这一研究不仅刷新了我们对高温健康风险的认知，也提醒我们重视气候危机下的高温应对。 Heatwaves: The Hidden Accelerator of Ageing 热浪：隐藏的衰老加速器 A new study finds that repeated exposure to heatwaves speeds up ageing in people. Researchers say this impact is roughly similar to the health harm from smoking, drinking alcohol, eating poorly, or not exercising enough. Scientists warn that extreme high temperatures are getting more common because of the climate crisis. This could bring widespread and long-lasting damage to billions of people’s health. One expert says this research is a “paradigm shift” in how we understand heat’s impact on health—it can affect us for our whole life. We already know heatwaves cause a short jump in early deaths. For example, a heatwave in England last June was linked to nearly 600 premature deaths. But this new analysis is one of the first to study heat’s long-term effects. The scientists note that the increase in biological age seems small, but it only happened over two years. Now they’re looking into how heatwaves affect ageing throughout a person’s lifetime. They also say heatwaves will have a big total impact on people worldwide. Everyone suffers during heatwaves, and a higher biological age strongly means a greater risk of death. Dr Cui Guo from the University of Hong Kong, who led the research, said: “If people face heatwaves for decades, the health impact will be much worse than what we’ve reported. Heatwaves are also happening more often and lasting longer, so their harm may be even bigger in the future.” In 2024, fossil fuel burning—the main cause of the climate crisis—hit a record high. Prof Paul Beggs from Macquarie University in Sydney (who wasn’t in the research team) said: “Many of us have been through heatwaves and thought we were unharmed. But this research shows heatwaves change how fast we age.” He added: “In 2024, scientists found heat exposure in early life harms children’s brain white matter development. Together with this new finding that heatwaves speed up adults’ ageing, we now understand better how serious heat’s health effects are. Heat can affect us at any age, and the impact lasts a lifetime.” This new research, published in Nature Climate Change, used results from many medical tests to find each participant’s biological age. The tests included checking blood pressure, inflammation, cholesterol, and how well the lungs, liver, and kidneys work. Then researchers compared each person’s biological age with their real age to see if heatwave exposure was linked to faster ageing. They found the total number of heatwave days a person experienced had the biggest effect on speeding up ageing. No one knows exactly why long periods of high temperatures make people age faster, but DNA damage is likely part of the reason. Analysis also showed that while heatwaves’ harmful effects get weaker over time, they still matter. This suggests people are taking more steps to deal with heat—like staying in the shade more and using air conditioners when possible. The 25,000 adults in the study all joined a paid health management plan. On average, they were younger, healthier, and more educated than most people. Older people and those who are sick are more easily hurt by heat, so heat’s effect on their ageing is probably stronger than the study found. The study considered factors like people’s weight, smoking and exercise habits, pre-existing illnesses (such as diabetes and cancer), and how much air conditioning is used in their neighbourhood. But there was no data on some important factors—like how much time people spend outdoors, how cool their homes are, and if they use air conditioners themselves. Researchers said more studies are needed for these points. Beggs said the study’s results match a recent US study. That US study showed outdoor heat speeds up ageing in older adults. Another US analysis from 2023 found: “Lots of exposure to extreme heat makes Black people and residents of poor neighbourhoods lose cognitive abilities faster.” 【全文翻译】 热浪：隐藏的衰老加速器 一项新研究发现，反复暴露在热浪中会加快人类衰老速度。研究人员表示，这种影响与吸烟、饮酒、不良饮食或缺乏运动对健康造成的危害大致相当。 科学家警告，受气候危机影响，极端高温天气正变得越来越常见，这可能会对数十亿人的健康造成广泛且持久的损害。 一位专家指出，这项研究在我们对高温健康影响的认知上实现了 “范式转变”—— 高温对健康的影响可能会持续一生。 我们早已知道，热浪会导致短期早逝人数激增。例如，去年 6 月英国的一场热浪就与近 600 人过早死亡有关。但这项新分析是首批研究高温长期影响的成果之一。 科学家们指出，研究中发现的生物年龄增长幅度看似不大，但这仅仅是两年内的变化。目前他们正在研究热浪对人一生衰老过程的影响。 研究人员还表示，热浪对全球人口的总体影响将十分巨大。因为每个人都会受到热浪影响，而生物年龄升高则强烈意味着死亡风险会增加。 该研究负责人、香港大学的崔国博士表示：“如果人们持续数十年暴露在热浪中，其健康受到的影响将远比我们报告的更为严重。而且热浪出现的频率越来越高、持续时间越来越长，未来它的危害可能会更大。”2024 年，作为气候危机主要诱因的化石燃料燃烧量达到了历史新高。 澳大利亚悉尼麦考瑞大学的保罗・贝格斯教授（未参与该研究）称：“我们很多人都经历过热浪，并且以为自己毫发无损。但这项研究表明，热浪会改变我们的衰老速度。” 他补充道：“2024 年，科学家发现生命早期暴露在高温环境中会损害儿童脑白质的发育。再加上这项新发现 —— 热浪会加速成年人衰老，我们现在更清楚地认识到高温对健康的影响有多严重。高温在任何年龄段都可能影响我们，而且这种影响会持续一生。” 这项发表在《自然气候变化》期刊上的新研究，通过多项医学检测结果来确定每位参与者的生物年龄，检测内容包括血压、炎症水平、胆固醇含量以及肺、肝、肾功能等。随后，研究人员将每个人的生物年龄与实际年龄进行对比，以探究热浪暴露是否与衰老加速有关。 他们发现，一个人经历的热浪总天数对加速衰老的影响最大。目前尚不清楚长时间高温为何会加快衰老，但 DNA 损伤很可能是原因之一。 分析还显示，尽管热浪的有害影响会随着时间的推移而减弱，但仍不容忽视。这表明人们正在采取更多措施应对高温，例如更多地待在阴凉处，以及在条件允许时使用空调。 参与该研究的 2.5 万名成年人均加入了付费健康管理计划，平均而言，他们比普通人群更年轻、更健康、受教育程度更高。老年人和病患群体对高温更为敏感，因此高温对他们衰老过程的影响可能比研究中发现的更为显著。 该研究考虑了多种因素，包括参与者的体重、吸烟和运动习惯、既往疾病（如糖尿病和癌症）以及所在社区的空调整体使用情况。但关于一些重要因素 —— 如人们的户外停留时间、住宅凉爽程度以及个人空调使用情况，目前尚无相关数据。研究人员表示，需要开展更多研究来探究这些方面。 贝格斯指出，这项研究的结果与美国近期的一项研究相符。那项美国研究表明，户外高温会加速老年人的衰老。2023 年另一项美国分析发现：“长期暴露在极端高温环境中，会导致黑人群体和贫困社区居民的认知能力下降速度更快。” Ⅰ.课标词汇 ①accelerate v. 加速；促进 ②exposure n. 暴露；接触 ③extreme adj. 极端的；极度的 ④biological adj. 生物的；生物学的 ⑤premature adj. 过早的；提前的 ⑥accumulate v. 积累；积聚 ⑦fossil fuel 化石燃料 ⑧vulnerable adj. 易受伤害的；脆弱的 ⑨pre-existing adj. 先前存在的 ⑩diabetes n. 糖尿病 ⑪cognitive adj. 认知的；认识的 ⑫inflammation n. 炎症；发炎 ⑬cholesterol n. 胆固醇 Ⅱ.读后续写积累：科学研究表述 1.A new study finds that repeated exposure to heatwaves speeds up ageing in people. Researchers say this impact is roughly similar to the health harm from smoking, drinking alcohol, eating poorly, or not exercising enough. 2.The study considered factors like people’s weight, smoking and exercise habits... But there was no data on some important factors... Researchers said more studies are needed for these points. 高考真题链接 (2025·全国一卷·阅读理解D篇) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 33．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 34．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 【答案】32．C 33．A 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 34．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 命题特点 说明文类阅读理解题要求考生能够根据语篇中的事实和线索进行推理与归纳。它重点考查考生理解具体细节信息、概括主旨大意、猜测词语含义、推断语篇含义的能力。说明文新词汇和专业术语多，逻辑性和知识性强，句子不易理解。基于此，考生可从题材特征、语篇模式、写作手法、前后句关系等方面，掌握解答说明文阅读理解题的技巧，提升解题的效果。 说明文解题策略 1.抓关键句：抓住首末句以及作者态度句。答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。 2.抓出题处：作者有时候会在列举处命题，在例证处命题，在转折处命题，在比较处命题，在总结归纳处命题。因此，在解题过程中，考生要有意识地重视这些特殊命题点，从而更有效地解题。 3. 把握生词和长难句：对于不影响文章整体理解以及解题的生词，可以忽略不计；对于影响理解及解题的关键词，一定要大胆猜测。 4.掌握说明顺序和说明方法：说明顺序包括时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序，说明方法包括举例子、作比较、分类别、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用。 解题妙招     ★妙招 1 了解题材特征，捕捉具体信息，完成细节理解 说明文题材涵盖广泛，在历年高考题中多以科普、社会生活、历史文化等内容为主。以科普说明文为例，它着重对科学现象、道理和观点进行阐述，其特点是对其成因、关系以及原理进行说明，目的是让考生明白这种现象是什么、为什么是这样。因此，考生可根据抽象事理阐述的因果关系，提取关键信息，定位原文区域，获取细节信息。 ★妙招 2 掌握语篇模式，理清行文脉络，了解主旨大意 语篇模式是篇章的组织形式，主要有问题解决型、假设真实型、概括具体型、匹配比较型等，有时这几种模式会存在于同一语篇中。这些组织形式在文中出现的位置比较灵活。考生可根据题干准确定位信息，理清结构脉络，明确段落关键句和关键词，以此为线索概括段落大意，从中提炼语篇的主旨大意。 ★妙招 3 妙用写作手法，提取关键信息，进行词义猜测 说明文通常借助分类、比较、举例、解释、定义、列数据、引用等方法阐述说明对象，一般出现在语篇的中间部分，语篇开端会介绍主题，结尾一般为结论。考生可根据相关提示词关注语篇的写作手法，围绕题干获取相关信息，以此为线索解答问题。 ★妙招 4 活用词句关系，辨析逻辑顺序，实施逻辑推理 句间关系是指句或段与其他的句或段之间的关系。考生掌握句或段之间的关系，辨析句或段之间的逻辑顺序，据此推断语篇以及各部分的意义。 1．Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. 抓标志：破折号；并列谓语 settled、stuck、filled、fallen；介词短语 in the deep sea、on the Himalayas、inside volcanic rocks、of seabirds、in fresh Antarctic snow 判类型：主句 + 并列结构（含有过去分词短语作状语） 试翻译：微塑料已成为全球范围内常见的污染源 —— 它们沉积在深海和喜马拉雅山脉，附着在火山岩内部，填满海鸟的胃部，甚至落在南极的新雪中。 2. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 抓标志：介词短语 In a study、from China、in Environmental Science & Technology Letters；过去分词短语 published Wednesday；宾语从句引导词 that；破折号；时间状语从句引导词 after 判类型：主句（含有介词短语作状语、过去分词短语作定语） + 宾语从句（含有时间状语从句和破折号插入语） 试翻译：在周三发表于《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中，来自中国的研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸仅五分钟 —— 然后在其冷却后过滤 —— 可以去除其中至少 80% 的微塑料。 1. a common source of pollution 一种常见的污染源 2. settled in the deep sea 沉积在深海 3. rely on 依赖；依靠 4. led to an almost 90 percent drop 导致近 90% 的下降 5. potential path forward 潜在的解决途径 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 311 作者介绍了到美国上高中的第一天，对比了美国高中和印度高中的不同。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 320 本文旨在介绍一项研究结果：走神的孩子可能更聪明，走神可能与更敏锐的大脑和工作记忆容量相关，表明走神并非坏事，反而可能反映认知能力的优势。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 290 主要介绍了澳大利亚弗林德斯大学的Jake Robinson团队关于声音对真菌生长影响的实验，包括实验过程、结果以及后续研究方向和专家评价等。 Passage4 七选五 说明文 240 主要介绍了进行户外跑步是应该注意的事项。 Passage5 七选五 说明文 224 文章介绍流感症状及危害，给出接种疫苗、勤洗手、避免接触病人、生病居家等建议，以保护自己和他人。 Passage6 完形填空 记叙文 25 文章讲述了作者一家在驾驶途中因为正值假日无法找到旅馆，加油站的琳达邀请作者一家去她家留宿，把他们当作客人一样招待，请他们一起吃早餐，作者一家和琳达一家保持了很久的联系，后来联系断掉了，但是善意不会被忘记。 Passage7 语法填空 记叙文 180 文章介绍了广州越秀区的二沙岛，现在它是游客和当地人欣赏珠江美景的好地方。 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·云南昭通·期中）Frightened, I was walking into my first school in America. I had traveled a long distance from India in order to join my parents, who had been here for three years, hoping America would help my future. My father decided that I would have a better education here, so I enrolled (登记) in the local high school in my new town. I was afraid of how I would do. On the first day, I went to my second class after I had missed my first. With anxiety, I reached for the door, opening it slowly. Without paying attention to my classmates, I went straight to the teacher and asked if this was the right class. With a soft voice he answered, “Yes.” His voice comforted me a little. He gave me a sheet called Course Requirements, which I would never get in India because we didn’t have anything like that. Then he asked me to choose where I would sit. I didn’t actually want to pick a seat. In India we had fixed seats, so I never needed to worry about that. I spent the rest of the class taking notes from the image produced by the overhead projector (投影仪). In Indian schools, we didn’t use the technology. We had to take notes as the teacher spoke. It was noon. I was very confused about when I would have lunch. I went to my next class and the bell rang as I entered. I went through the regular (惯常的) process of asking the teacher if I was in the right class. She said, “It’s still fourth period.” “But the bell just rang,” I said. Changing from a gentle tone to a harsh (刺耳的) one, she said, “That is the lunch bell, young man.” I apologized. Without another word I headed for the cafeteria (自助食堂). I felt lucky because we didn’t have this in India. Every confusion seemed like a barrier I had to get through to reach my goal. At the end of the day, I was on my way to the bus which we didn’t have in India either. I saw my bus and sat down inside happily. I was thinking, today wasn’t so bad. 1．Why did the author enroll in an American high school? A．Because his mother had worked in it for 3 years. B．Because his father thought little of Indian schools. C．Because his family wanted him to have a bright future. D．Because he had been anxious to leave his homeland. 2．What can we learn about the author’s first day of school? A．He missed his lunch because he was lost. B．He had no choice but to seat in a fixed seat. C．His classmates and teachers were all unfriendly. D．He felt differences between the two education systems. 3．What does the underlined word “barrier” probably mean? A．Period. B．Difficulty. C．Task. D．Door. 4．What was the author’s attitude towards his first day in high school? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了到美国上高中的第一天，对比了美国高中和印度高中的不同。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I had traveled a long distance from India in order to join my parents, who had been here for three years, hoping America would help my future.(我从印度远道而来，为了和我的父母团聚，他们已经在这里生活了三年，希望美国能帮助我的未来)”可知，父母希望作者在美国受到好教育从而有个更好的未来。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“He gave me a sheet called Course Requirements, which I would never get in India because we didn’t have anything like that. Then he asked me to choose where I would sit. I didn’t actually want to pick a seat. In India we had fixed seats, so I never needed to worry about that. I spent the rest of the class taking notes from the image produced by the overhead projector (投影仪). In Indian schools, we didn’t use the technology. We had to take notes as the teacher spoke.(他给了我一张叫做“课程要求”的表格，我在印度永远也拿不到，因为我们没有这样的东西。然后他让我选择坐在哪里。其实我并不想选座位。在印度，我们的座位是固定的，所以我从来不需要担心这个问题。剩下的时间里，我都在根据投影仪产生的图像做笔记。在印度的学校里，我们没有使用这项技术。老师讲课时我们必须记笔记)”可知，美国高中和印度高中有很大差异。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词句后的“…I had to get through to reach my goal.(我必须克服barrier以达到目标)”并结合上文讲述作者的遭遇可猜测，划线单词为“障碍，困难”的意思，与B项Difficulty“困难”意思一致。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I saw my bus and sat down inside happily. I was thinking, today wasn’t so bad.(我看到我的公共汽车，高兴地坐在里面。我在想，今天还不错)”可知，作者觉得第一天还不错。因此他的态度是积极的。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·山东济南·开学考试）Children whose minds wander (走神) might have sharper brains, a research suggests. A study has found that people who let their minds wander easily have more “working memory”, giving them the ability to hold a lot of information in their heads and control it cleverly. Children at school need this type of memory on a daily basis for different kinds of tasks, such as following teachers’ instructions or remembering dictated sentences. During the study, volunteers were asked to perform one simple task during which researchers kept asking if their minds were wandering. In the end, volunteers tested their ability to remember a series of letters mixed with simple maths questions. Daniel Levinson, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the United States, said that those with higher working memory capacity (储存容量) reported “more mind wandering during these simple tasks”, but their performance did not deteriorate. The results, published online in the journal Psychological Science, seem to make sure that the former research found working memory allows humans to deal with many thoughts at the same time. Another researcher said, “This study seems to suggest that when the tasks aren’t very difficult, people with additional working memory capacity use them effectively to think about other things besides what they’re doing.” Working memory capacity is also connected with general measures (标准) of intelligence, such as reading comprehension and IQ scores. The results suggest the sorts of planning that people do quite often in daily life — when they are on the bus, when they are cycling to work, when they are in the shower — are probably supported by working memory. 1．What did the researchers ask the volunteers to do during the study? A．Question each other. B．Put on a performance. C．Remember mixed numbers. D．Carry out one easy task. 2．What does the underlined word “deteriorate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Become worse. B．Go well. C．Start quickly. D．Lose control. 3．What can be known about working memory? A．It stops useless thoughts. B．It changes with time going on. C．It helps with more tasks at one time. D．It causes worse performance during work. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．How the working memory works. B．Working memory can be improved. C．Wandering minds are not something bad. D．Why people’s minds wander while working. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文旨在介绍一项研究结果：走神的孩子可能更聪明，走神可能与更敏锐的大脑和工作记忆容量相关，表明走神并非坏事，反而可能反映认知能力的优势。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“During the study, volunteers were asked to perform one simple task during which researchers kept asking if their minds were wandering.(在研究过程中，志愿者被要求执行一项简单的任务，在此过程中，研究人员不断询问他们是否在走神。)”可知，在研究期间志愿者被要求执行一项简单任务。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。划线词所在句“those with higher working memory capacity (储存容量) reported “more mind wandering during these simple tasks”, but their performance did not deteriorate(那些工作记忆能力较强的人报告“在完成这些简单任务时更容易走神”，但他们的表现并没有deteriorate)”讲“工作记忆能力较强的人更容易走神”，结合句中“but their performance...”可推知，前后句意有转折关系，尽管他们容易走神，但表现不会差。结合选项，划线词deteriorate与become worse意思相近，意为“变差”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The results, published online in the journal Psychological Science, seem to make sure that the former research found working memory allows humans to deal with many thoughts at the same time.(该研究结果在线发表在《心理科学》杂志上，似乎证实了之前的研究发现工作记忆可以让人类同时处理许多想法)”和“This study seems to suggest that when the tasks aren’t very difficult, people with additional working memory capacity use them effectively to think about other things besides what they’re doing.(这项研究似乎表明，当任务不是很困难时，拥有额外工作记忆容量的人会有效地利用它们来思考他们正在做的事情之外的其他事情。)”可知，工作记忆能让人同时做几件事情。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Children whose minds wander (走神) might have sharper brains, a research suggests.(一项研究表明，走神的孩子大脑可能更敏锐。)”可知，本文主要介绍了走神的人可能有更聪明的头脑这一现象，因此主旨是C选项“Wandering minds are not something bad.(走神并不是坏事。)”。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·江苏南通·期中）Scientists now know that healthy soils have a unique sound landscape produced by invertebrates (无脊椎动物) such as earthworms and ants, but they have not yet studied how this background noise in the ecosystem affects plant and fungal (真菌的) growth. To investigate the impacts of sound on fungi, Jake Robinson at Flinders University in Australia and his team buried regular teabags in soil inside a soundproof (隔音的) box. Inside the box, they played an 8 kHz tone at a volume of 70 dB for one set of teabags and 90 dB for another, 8 hours per day for 14 days. A control group received only ambient (周围的) sound stimulation of less than 30 dB． At the end of the experiment, both sets of teabags exposed to sound had increased in weight, from 2.5 grams to 3.1 grams on average, due to the growth of fungi. The control teabags stayed the same weight on average. Robinson notes that much more work is required to fully explain their observations. While the results may seem surprising, he says we can think of sound as an energy input which the fungi are somehow turning into growth. This may be through a so-called piezoelectric effect (压电效应) , in which mechanical pressure is transformed into electrical energy. He hopes the research leads to ways to restore habitats by broadcasting sounds. “We now need to build on these findings and transform them into an applied use,” Robinson says. “If we can use these findings in ecosystem restoration and agriculture, then that would be great.” Christina Birnbaum at the University of Southern Queensland, Australia, says in terms of ecosystem restoration, this is pioneering work. However, the mechanism (机制) by which sound is translated to growth is still unclear. “The next step is to recreate these findings in the field where you have all these other factors complicating the laboratory results,” Birnbaum says. 1．What was the aim of Jake Robinson’s experiment? A．To see how sounds influence fungi. B．To find a way to improve soil health. C．To determine the harm of background noise. D．To explore why invertebrates produce sound. 2．What happened to the teabags in the experimental group? A．They changed color. B．They became heavier. C．They were eaten by earthworms. D．They were well integrated with the soil. 3．What is the piezoelectric effect used to explain? A．The growth of fungi. B．The process of restoring habitats. C．The potential applications of this study. D．The transformation of electrical energy. 4．What does Christina Birnbaum suggest for the next step of study? A．Conducting more laboratory experiments. B．Extending the study to a real-world setting. C．Identifying the factors affecting the laboratory results. D．Exploring alternative methods for ecosystem restoration. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了澳大利亚弗林德斯大学的Jake Robinson团队关于声音对真菌生长影响的实验，包括实验过程、结果以及后续研究方向和专家评价等。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“To investigate the impacts of sound on fungi, Jake Robinson at Flinders University in Australia and his team buried regular teabags in soil inside a soundproof box. (为了研究声音对真菌的影响，澳大利亚弗林德斯大学的Jake Robinson及其团队将普通茶包埋在隔音箱内的土壤中)”可知，Jake Robinson实验的目的是探究声音如何影响真菌。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“At the end of the experiment, both sets of teabags exposed to sound had increased in weight, from 2.5 grams to 3.1 grams on average, due to the growth of fungi. (实验结束时，由于真菌的生长，两组暴露在声音中的茶包重量均有所增加，平均从2.5克增加到3.1克)” 可知，实验组的茶包因真菌生长而变得更重。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“While the results may seem surprising, he says we can think of sound as an energy input which the fungi are somehow turning into growth. This may be through a so-called piezoelectric effect, in which mechanical pressure is transformed into electrical energy. (尽管结果可能令人惊讶，但他表示，我们可以将声音视为一种能量输入，真菌以某种方式将其转化为生长。这可能是通过所谓的压电效应，即机械压力转化为电能)”可知，压电效应被用来解释声音作为能量输入如何促进真菌生长。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The next step is to recreate these findings in the field where you have all these other factors complicating the laboratory results, Birnbaum says. (Birnbaum说：下一步是在野外重现这些发现，在那里有所有其他因素使实验室结果复杂化)”可知，Christina Birnbaum建议将研究扩展到真实环境中。故选B项。 Passage 4 （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期中）Although running indoors on a treadmill (跑步机) is comfortable, many runners prefer to train outdoors because it allows them to enjoy nature. 1 But running outdoors presents some challenges. Be careful of the following things. 2 Many runners make the mistake of setting their speeds inaccurately (不准确地) when running outdoors. This is especially true for those who are used to running indoors. How can you learn your running level? Regularly choose different speeds and learn about your feelings and performance. How do you feel about jogging, racing and sprinting (短跑) speeds? Also, train to alternate (交替) these speeds to make the routine more challenging. Adapt to the weather. Remember that running outdoors is different from running indoors on a treadmill. In the winter, you may run more on the treadmill. Treadmills are a soft surface. When the winter is over and you want to run outdoors again, you need to give your body enough time to get used to the outdoors again. 3 Wear the right shoes. Avoid wearing bad running shoes with worn-out material. If the material is already worn out, it can no longer provide you with the support your feet need for running. 4 Also, make sure you choose the right shoes—shoes designed specifically for the challenges of running. Stay patient and work for results. However hard you train, you won’t see results overnight. You need to be patient. 5 Take your time to make progress and expect challenges. A．Break your old habit. B．Know your speed. C．A pair of good shoes can do wonders. D．Replace old running shoes immediately. E．A change of scenery can also improve their feeling. F．Don’t expect your desired results to happen quickly. G．Give your body time to get used to different surfaces. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．G 4．D 5．F 【导语】本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了进行户外跑步是应该注意的事项。 1．上文“Although running indoors on a treadmill (跑步机) is comfortable, many runners prefer to train outdoors because it allows them to enjoy nature. (虽然在室内跑步机上跑步是舒适的，许多跑步者更喜欢在户外训练，因为这可以让他们享受大自然)”说明的是跑步的环境的变化，因此E项“换换环境也能改善他们的心情”符合语境。故选E。 2．下文“Many runners make the mistake of setting their speeds inaccurately (不准确地) when running outdoors. (在户外跑步时，许多跑步者会犯速度设置不准确的错误)”说明的是跑步的速度问题，因此B项“了解你的速度”适合成为本段小标题。故选B。 3．上文“When the winter is over and you want to run outdoors again, you need to give your body enough time to get used to the outdoors again. (当冬天过去了，你又想去户外跑步，你需要给你的身体足够的时间来再次适应户外)”说明的是审题需要时间来适应外在的变化，因此G项“给你的身体时间去适应不同的表面”符合语境。故选G。 4．本段小标题“Wear the right shoes (穿合适的鞋子)”说明的是有关鞋子的问题，只有D项“立即更换旧跑鞋”符合“鞋子”这一语境。故选D。 5．下文“Take your time to make progress and expect challenges. (慢慢来，争取进步，迎接挑战)”说明的是对锻炼结果的期望，要有耐心，因此F项“不要期望你想要的结果会很快出现”符合语境。故选F。 Passage5 （24-25高一上·陕西咸阳·开学考试）When people have the flu, they may have a fever, a dry cough, a headache, pain in the body, a sore throat and a runny nose. Each year, millions of people come down with flu. Most can be fine within a week, but for an unlucky few, flu can be deadly. 1 Get vaccinated (接种疫苗) Getting vaccinated every year is the most important way to protect yourself against flu, and other serious problems. Immunization is especially important for children aged 6 months to 5 years, elderly people, and medical workers. 2 Wash your hands more Clean hands protect against flu. 3 Wash your hands with soap and running water more and dry them after that. Remember — washing your hands usually takes a short time. Avoid being around sick people 4 So it’s necessary for you to protect yourself by wearing a mask (口罩) when you go to the public places. When you are sick, keep yourself away from others to protect them from getting sick too. If you don’t feel well, stay home If you’re ill with flu, being around others puts them at risk. This is especially true for people who have been in poor health situations. If possible, stay home from work, school when you are sick. 5 A．Remember, a flu vaccine cannot give you flu. B．Keep your body healthier by following healthy habits. C．This will help prevent spreading your illness to others. D．People tend to spend more time indoors during the fall and winter. E．The advice below will help you know how you can protect yourself and others. F．Flu spreads easily in crowded spaces, such as on public transport and in schools. G．Keeping your hands clean is an easy way to keep yourself and your family healthy. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．G 4．F 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍流感症状及危害，给出接种疫苗、勤洗手、避免接触病人、生病居家等建议，以保护自己和他人。 1．根据上文“When people have the flu, they may have a fever, a dry cough, a headache, pain in the body, a sore throat and a runny nose. Each year, millions of people come down with flu. Most can be fine within a week, but for an unlucky few, flu can be deadly.(当人们患上流感时，可能会出现发烧、干咳、头痛、身体疼痛、喉咙疼痛以及流鼻涕的症状。每年都有数以百万计的人感染流感。大多数人在一周内就能康复，但对于极少数不幸的人而言，流感可能会致命)”可知，前文介绍流感症状及危害，后文列举预防建议，本句承上启下，引出下文的具体措施。故E选项“以下的建议将帮助你了解如何保护自己和他人”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据上文“Getting vaccinated every year is the most important way to protect yourself against flu, and other serious problems. Immunization is especially important for children aged 6 months to 5 years, elderly people, and medical workers.(每年接种疫苗是预防流感及其他严重疾病的最佳方式。对于6个月至5岁的儿童、老年人以及医护人员来说，接种疫苗尤为重要)”可知，本段主题是“接种疫苗”，本句补充说明疫苗的安全性，打消可能的顾虑，与前文“接种疫苗是重要保护方式”衔接紧密。故A选项“要记住，流感疫苗并不能让你得流感”符合语境，故选A。 3．根据上文“Clean hands protect against flu.(保持双手清洁可以预防流感)”可知，本段强调“勤洗手”，本句进一步说明洗手的重要性，呼应“Clean hands protect against flu”，故G选项“保持双手清洁是保持自己和家人健康的一种简单方法”符合语境，故选G。 4．根据后文“So it’s necessary for you to protect yourself by wearing a mask (口罩) when you go to the public places. When you are sick, keep yourself away from others to protect them from getting sick too.(所以，当你前往公共场所时，为了保护自己，一定要戴上口罩。当你生病时，要尽量避免与他人接触，以防止他们也被传染生病)”可知，本段讲“避免接触病人”，本句解释为何要避免接触，为 “戴口罩保护自己” 提供原因，故F选项“流感在人员密集的场所容易传播，比如在公共交通工具上和学校里”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据上文“If you’re ill with flu, being around others puts them at risk. This is especially true for people who have been in poor health situations. If possible, stay home from work, school when you are sick.(如果你患了流感，与他人接触会让他们也受到感染的威胁。对于那些身体状况不佳的人来说，这一点尤其明显。如果可能的话，在生病期间请不要去上班或上学)”可知，本段建议生病时居家，本句说明居家的作用，与前文“生病时接触他人会让他们面临风险”呼应，故C选项“这将有助于防止你把疾病传染给他人”符合语境，故选C。 Passage6 （23-24高一上·河南许昌·期中）Many years ago, when we first went to Canada, we were driving through Montana to Colorado with our two children, then aged 8 and 11. As it was getting 1 , we started looking for a hotel, only to find out that it was 2 time in that part of the country, and all the hotels were 3 . Finally, around 9 o’clock in the evening, we 4 at a gas station to fill up with gas. My husband asked for a 5 book and told the woman at the counter that we were trying to find a hotel. She told us it would be 6 . He tried for 15 more minutes. When he was 7 , the woman, Linda, said she and her family lived nearby and would be happy if we spent the night at her home. My husband was 8 at her offer of generosity(慷慨). She called her son to 9 us, since she had to work at the gas station till midnight. When we reached their home, her husband 10 us. He invited us to have coffee and chat while we 11 his wife. She came past l2 am. We asked if we could slip away in the morning so as not to disturb them. They said we were now 12 and we would have to have breakfast with them. Next morning, we ate breakfast, and when we were 13 , my husband asked if he could offer some 14 . They would not hear of it and insisted we were their guests. We kept in touch for many years, and invited them to our 15 , too. Over the years, we lost touch, but have never forgotten their kindness. 1．A．cold B．bad C．late D．hot 2．A．holiday B．thunder C．violence D．dusk 3．A．affected B．booked C．selected D．closed 4．A．looked B．rested C．explored D．stopped 5．A．reading B．picture C．text D．phone 6．A．impossible B．reasonable C．easy D．terrible 7．A．complete B．lucky C．upset D．unsuccessful 8．A．encouraged B．surprised C．scared D．bored 9．A．direct B．treat C．send D．teach 10．A．recognized B．questioned C．fed D．greeted 11．A．got through B．turned to C．waited for D．cared about 12．A．guests B．tourists C．strangers D．passengers 13．A．drinking B．driving C．leaving D．staying 14．A．thanks B．payment C．kindness D．apologies 15．A．office B．car C．home D．company 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家在驾驶途中因为正值假日无法找到旅馆，加油站的琳达邀请作者一家去她家留宿，把他们当作客人一样招待，请他们一起吃早餐，作者一家和琳达一家保持了很久的联系，后来联系断掉了，但是善意不会被忘记。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：天色已晚，我们开始找旅馆，却发现那个地区正好是假日，所有的旅馆都订满了。A. cold冷的；B. bad糟糕的；C. late晚的；D. hot热的。根据空后“we started looking for a hotel”可知，应该是时间比较晚了，所以想找旅馆住下。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：天色已晚，我们开始找旅馆，却发现那个地区正好是假日，所有的旅馆都订满了。A. holiday假日；B. thunder雷；C. violence暴力；D. dusk黄昏。根据空后“and all the hotels were”和下文作者一家迟迟找不到旅馆可推知，可能是因为假日的原因，旅馆被订满了。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：天色已晚，我们开始找旅馆，却发现那个地区正好是假日，所有的旅馆都订满了。A. affected影响；B. booked预定；C. selected挑选；D. closed关闭。根据下文“Finally, around 9 o’clock in the evening, we ____4____ at a gas station to fill up with gas.”可推知，作者一家迟迟找不到旅馆，应该是所有旅馆都被订满了。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，在晚上9点左右，我们停在一个加油站加油。A. looked看；B. rested休息；C. explored探索；D. stopped停。根据空后“to fill up with gas”可知，应该是在加油站停下来加油。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫要了一本电话簿，告诉柜台的女人我们正在找一家旅馆。A. reading阅读；B. picture图画；C. text文本；D. phone电话。根据句中“we were trying to find a hotel”可知，作者的丈夫应该是要一本电话本，给旅馆打电话。故选D。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我们这是不可能的。A. impossible不可能的；B. reasonable合理的；C. easy容易的；D. terrible糟糕的。根据下文“He tried for 15 more minutes.”可知，作者的丈夫试了很久，所以加油站的职员应该是预测找到旅馆是不可能的。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他没有成功时，这位名叫琳达的女士说，她和她的家人住在附近，如果我们在她家过夜，她会很高兴。A. complete完整的；B. lucky幸运地；C. upset不高兴的；D. unsuccessful不成功的。根据句中“she and her family lived nearby and would be happy if we spent the night at her home”可知，琳达邀请作者一家在她家留宿，所以作者的丈夫应该是没有成功找到旅店。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫对她的慷慨表示惊讶。A. encouraged受鼓舞的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared恐惧的；D. bored厌倦的。根据空前“the woman, Linda, said she and her family lived nearby and would be happy if we spent the night at her home”和常识可推知，作者的丈夫对琳达慷慨的提议感到惊讶。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她打电话给儿子给我们引路，因为她要在加油站工作到半夜。A. direct引导；B. treat款待；C. send送；D. teach教授。根据空后“since she had to work at the gas station till midnight”可知，琳达工作到午夜，没法引导作者一家开着车到她家，所以会喊她的儿子过来引导他们。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们到达他们家时，她丈夫迎接了我们。A. recognised认出；B. questioned质疑；C. fed为……提供食物；D. greeted迎接。根据下文“He invited us to have coffee and chat”和常识可知，有客人来的时候，会先迎接，然后招待。故选D。 11．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他邀请我们在等他妻子的时候喝咖啡聊天。A. got through度过；B. turned to求助于；C. waited for等待；D. cared about关心。根据上文“since she had to work at the gas station till midnight”和下文“She came past l2 am.”可知，琳达午夜才会下班回来，这里指等待她。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说我们现在是客人了，得和他们一起吃早餐。A. guests客人；B. tourists游客；C. strangers陌生人；D. passengers行人。根据空后“we would have to have breakfast with them”可知，琳达一家应该是把作者一家当成了客人，邀请他们一起吃早餐。且下文“They would not hear of it and insisted we were their guests. ”也是提示。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我们吃了早餐，当我们离开的时候，我丈夫问他是否给一些报酬。A. drinking喝；B. driving驾驶；C. leaving离开；D. staying待着，逗留。根据下文“Next morning, we ate breakfast”和常识可知，第二天吃完早餐，作者和家人准备离开。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. thanks感谢；B. payment报酬；C. kindness善意；D. apologies道歉。结合上文可知，琳达一家不仅让作者一家留宿，还把他们当作客人一样招待，请他们一起吃早餐，所以作者的丈夫想给一些报酬来感谢他们的善意。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们保持了多年的联系，也邀请他们来我们家。A. office办公室；B. car汽车；C. home家；D. company公司。结合琳达邀请作者一家在她家留宿可知，这里表示作者一家也邀请他们来自己家。故选C。 Passage7 （20-21高一上·广东揭阳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ersha Island lies in the Yuexiu district (区域) of Guangzhou. It is a good place for tourists and local people to enjoy the beautiful view along the Pearl River after years of environmental 1 (improve). Covering 2 area of 1.26 million square meters, Ersha Island is home to Guangdong Museum of Art, Guangdong Overseas Chinese Museum, Xinghai Concert Hall, Guangdong Gymnasium and a number of 3 (park). “Besides visiting the museums, 4 (enjoy) music and taking exercise, tourists and locals can walk on the banks of the Pearl River to enjoy the natural scenery,” said Huang Fengchan, a local woman 5 lives in Zhujiang New Town near Ersha Island . “My husband and I 6 (usual) go to Ersha Island to relax and have dinner at weekends,” she added. Ersha Island is close to Zhujiang New Town, and the Canton Tower stands on the south bank of the Pearl River. The 600-meter-high Canton Tower is commonly known 7 Xiaomanyao, or “slim waist” among local people. Many music shows are held in Xinghai Concert Hall every year. The cultural square in front of the concert hall has become an 8 (amaze) place for locals and tourists to enjoy pop music, as many street singers go there 9 (sing) in the evening. Ersha is connected to Haixinsha to its east. Haixinsha, another island on the Pearl River, 10 (be) once the venue (场所) for the opening ceremony (幕式) of the 2010 Asian Games. 【答案】 1．improvement 2．an 3．parks 4．enjoying 5．who/that 6．usually 7．as 8．amazing 9．to sing 10．was 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了广州越秀区的二沙岛，现在它是游客和当地人欣赏珠江美景的好地方。 1．考查名词。句意：经过多年的环境改善，这里是游客和当地人欣赏珠江美景的好地方。根据空前of可知，此处是名词所有格，应用名词形式。故填improvement。 2．考查冠词。句意：二沙岛占地126万平方米。固定短语cover an area of…“占地……”。故填an。 3．考查名词复数。句意：二沙岛占地126万平方米，拥有广东美术馆、广东华侨博物馆、星海音乐厅、广东体育馆和多个公园。根据a number of可知，空处要用名词的复数形式。故填parks。 4．考查动名词。句意：住在二沙岛附近珠江新城的当地妇女黄凤琴说：“除了参观博物馆、欣赏音乐和锻炼身体外，游客和当地人还可以在珠江岸边散步，欣赏自然风光。”根据此处与and前的taking exercise是并列成分，空处要用动名词形式。故填enjoying。 5．考查定语从句的关系词。句意：住在二沙岛附近珠江新城的当地妇女黄凤琴说：“除了参观博物馆、欣赏音乐和锻炼身体外，游客和当地人还可以在珠江岸边散步，欣赏自然风光。”分析句子可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为a local woman，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，空处要用关系代词who/that。故填who或that。 6．考查副词。句意：“我丈夫和我经常在周末去二沙岛放松和吃晚餐，”她补充道。此处修饰动词go，空处要用副词形式。故填usually。 7．考查介词。句意：600米高的广州塔被当地人称为“小蛮腰”。固定短语be known as…“作为……而闻名”。故填as。 8．考查形容词。句意：音乐厅前的文化广场已经成为当地居民和游客欣赏流行音乐的绝佳场所，因为很多街头歌手会在晚上去那里唱歌。根据名词place可知，空处要用形容词作定语。故填amazing。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：音乐厅前的文化广场已经成为当地居民和游客欣赏流行音乐的绝佳场所，因为很多街头歌手会在晚上去那里唱歌。根据go there可知，空处要用动词不定式作状语，表示目的。故填to sing。 10．考查动词时态。句意：珠江上的另一个岛屿——海心沙，曾是2010年亚运会的开幕式场地。分析句子可知，主语为Haixinsha，缺少谓语动词，根据the 2010 Asian Games可知，空处时态要用一般过去时。故填was。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$