Unit 1 Happy Holiday Section A Grammar Focus核心知识梳理- 2025-2026学年人教版英语（2024）八年级上册

Unit 1 Happy Holiday Section A Grammar Focus核心知识梳理 1. I worked as a tour guide at a museum.我在一家博物馆当导游。 guide 的词义性及用法 名词（n.）：意为 “导游；向导；指南”，可数名词，复数形式为 guides。 动词（v.）：意为 “引导；指导；带领” 名词 tour guide导游 Our tour guide showed us the museum. 名词 a guide to... …的指南 This is a guide to English grammar. 动词 guide sb. to...带领某人去… He guided us to the classroom. 即学即练：（用 guide 的适当形式填空） 1. The ______ told us many stories about the old castle. 2. My dad ______ me to ride a bike when I was five. 3. This book is a good ______ for learning math. 4. The tour ______ are preparing for tomorrow’s trip. 2. Everyone says the scenery around the West Lake is so beautiful. 大家都说西湖周边的景色太美了 scenery 词义及用法 词义：表示 “自然风景、景色”，强调某一地区整体的自然景观（如山水、植被、地形等），是不可数名词。 The scenery in the mountain village is breathtaking.（这个山村的景色令人惊叹。） 搭配： 常与描述自然景观的形容词搭配，如 beautiful,常与介词 "around", "of", "in" 搭配，说明地点，如 scenery around the lake（湖边的景色）、scenery of the countryside（乡村景色）。 即学即练： 1. The ________ along the river is perfect for a walk. 2. She took many photos of the beautiful ________ in the national park. 3. The guide told us that the ________ here changes greatly with the seasons. 4. You can't miss the ________ when driving through the mountains. 3. It was a silk scarf.这是一条丝巾。 名词作定语是指用一个名词来修饰另一个名词，起到限定、说明被修饰名词的性质、类别、用途、材料、来源等作用。​ （一）表示类别或属性​ 用名词说明被修饰名词所属的类别，明确其本质特征。​ apple tree（苹果树）history book（历史书）​computer class（计算机课） （二）表示用途或功能​ 作定语的名词揭示被修饰名词的用途，即被修饰名词用于何种目的或场景。​ coffee cup（咖啡杯）​student card（学生证）​shopping bag（购物袋） （三）表示材料或构成​ 用名词说明被修饰名词的制作材料，体现其物质构成。​ stone bridge（石桥）cotton shirt（棉衬衫）glass window（玻璃窗） （四）表示时间或地点​ 作定语的名词限定被修饰名词的时间范围或空间位置。​ summer vacation（暑假）Beijing airport（北京机场）​morning news（早间新闻） （五）特殊用法：复数名词作定语​ 通常情况下，作定语的名词用单数，但以下两种情况需用复数：​ 本身只有复数形式的名词（如 “trousers”“scissors”）作定语时，仍用复数。​ 例句：trousers pocket（裤兜）、scissors box（剪刀盒）​ 部分固定搭配中，习惯用复数名词作定语，体现特定含义。​ sports meeting（运动会）、clothes shop（服装店）、sales manager（销售经理）​ 即学即练： 1.My little sister wants to buy a new ______ dress for her birthday. ( )​ A. cotton B. cottons C. cotton's D. cottons'​ 2.We usually have a ______ test at the end of each month. ( )​ A. math B. math's C. maths'​ 3.There is a ______ near our community. We can buy fresh vegetables there. ( )​ A. food shop B. vegetable shop C. fruit shop D. book shop​ 4.My father will take me to visit the ______ next weekend. ( )​ A. Beijing Zoo B. Beijing's Zoo C. Beijing zoos D. Beijings Zoo​ 5.Our school will hold a ______ next month. All students can take part in it. ( )​ A. sport meeting B. sports meeting C. sports' meeting D. sport's meeting​ 4.I was ready to go on a holiday somewhere 我准备去某个地方度假 ready的词义及用法 形容词（adj.）：表示 “准备好的；乐意的；现成的” 例：The meal is ready.（饭菜准备好了。） 常用短语 be ready for + 名词 / 代词：为…… 做好准备 例：Are you ready for the exam?（你准备好考试了吗？） be ready to do sth：准备好做某事；乐意做某事 例：He is always ready to help others.（他总是乐于助人。） get ready (for sth/to do sth)：（使）准备好 例：We need to get ready for the trip.（我们需要为旅行做准备。） make ready (for sth)：准备（正式用法） 例：They made ready for the ceremony.（他们为仪式做好了准备。） 即学即练： 用 "be ready to do sth" 填空 1. The little girl ______ ______ ______ (准备好) go to the zoo with her dad. 2. ______ your brother ______ ______ (准备好) clean his room? 3. We ______ ______ ______ (准备好) have a picnic when it rains. 4. They ______ always ______ ______ (准备好) help their classmates. 5. My dad ______ ______ ______ (准备好) teach me to ride a bike last Sunday. 5.I chose a town near my city, but no one could join me, so I went by myself. 我选择了一个离我的城市很近的小镇，但是没有人能和我一起去，所以我自己去了。 by oneself 的词义及用法 是介词短语，意为 “独自；单独”，强调 “不借助他人帮助、独自完成某动作或处于某种状态”，主语与动作的执行者（或状态的承受者）为同一主体。​ 例句 1：She finished the homework by herself last night.​ 例句 2：My grandfather often goes for a walk by himself after dinner. 例句 3：Can you carry this heavy box by yourself?（你能独自搬这个重箱子吗？） 人称变化：“oneself” 需根据主语人称调整，对应形式为 “by myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves”。​ 例句 1：I learned to swim by myself when I was 7. 例句 2：They cleaned the classroom by themselves without a teacher’s help. （没有老师帮忙，他们独自打扫了教室。）​ 作宾语：当谓语动词的动作 “作用于主语本身” 时，宾语用反身代词，常见搭配动词有 enjoy, hurt, help, teach, dress 等。​ The boy hurt himself while playing basketball.（这个男孩打篮球时弄伤了自己。）We taught ourselves English by watching movies.（我们通过看电影自学英语。）​ She enjoyed herself at the party last night.（昨晚她在派对上玩得很开心。） 常见固定搭配：​ help oneself to sth.（随便吃 / 用某物）： Help yourselves to some fruit, kids.（孩子们，随便吃点水果吧。）​ make oneself at home（别客气，像在自己家一样）： Please make yourself at home in my house.（在我家别客气，像在自己家一样。）​ lose oneself in（沉迷于……）： She lost herself in reading this novel.（她沉迷于读这本小说。）​ 即学即练：​ 1.Tom usually walks to school ______ because his parents are busy. ( )​ A. by him B. by himself C. by he D. by his​ 2.Lily often does her homework ______ in the evening because her brother is always busy playing games. A. by she B. by herself C. by her D. by hers​ 3.We can solve this math problem by ___________ (we) . Don’t ask the teacher for help first.​ 4.My parents and I enjoyed ______ at the concert last weekend. ( )​ A. ourselves B. myself C. themselves D. yourselves​ 5.The little bird can feed ______ (it) now. It doesn’t need its mother’s help.​ 6.When I got to the town, it rained raining heavily. So I could do nothing but stay in the hotel.我到镇子时雨下得很大，所以我无事可做只能待在酒店里。 nothing but 词义及用法 表示 “除了…… 之外没有别的；只有；仅仅”，用于强调 “唯一的可能性或内容”。 结构特点： 后接名词 / 代词；强调 “只有某物 / 某人，没有其他”。 例句： The room had nothing but a bed and a chair.（房间里只有一张床和一把椅子。） I want nothing but your trust.（我只想要你的信任。） 后接动词原形（主句含实义动词 do） 当句子中出现 "do"（do/does/did/done）时，"nothing but" 后的动词用原形，省略 to。 例句： He did nothing but watch TV all day.（他一整天什么也没做，只是看电视。） They could do nothing but wait for help.（他们别无选择，只能等待救援。） 后接带 to 的不定式（主句不含实义动词 do） 若句子中没有实义动词 "do"，"nothing but" 后的动词需加 to。 例句： She wanted nothing but to go home.（她只想着回家。） The child seems to care about nothing but to play games.（这孩子好像只关心玩游戏。） 即学即练：（用 "nothing but" 及括号内动词的适当形式填空） 1. The old man eats ________ (vegetable) every day. 2. She ________ (do) nothing but ________ (cry) when she heard the bad news. 3. They seem to have ________ (money) in their pockets. 4. I can ________ (afford) nothing but ________ (buy) this cheap shirt. 5. The little girl wanted ________ (nothing but / go) to the zoo with her dad. 7.The hotel was nice, with a comfortable bed, and everything was very clean. 酒店很好，有一张舒适的床，一切都很干净。 with 的词义及用法 with” 是介词，此处表示 “具有；带有”，构成 “with + 名词短语” 的结构 The park is beautiful, with many colorful flowers. She has a small house, with a big garden.（她有一所小房子，带有一个大花园。）​ 除了 “表具有 / 带有”，“with” 还有以下常用用法：​ 表示 “和…… 一起”：用于说明动作的伴随对象。​ I often go shopping with my mother on weekends. 表示 “用……（工具 / 手段）”：用于说明动作使用的工具或方式。​ 例句：He writes a letter with a pen.（他用钢笔写信。）​ 表示 “关于；对于”：用于引出与主题相关的内容。​ 例句：She is angry with her naughty son.（她对她调皮的儿子很生气。）​ 表示 “随着”：用于说明情况或状态的变化伴随另一情况的变化。​ 例句：With the development of technology, our life becomes easier. （随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得更便捷了。） He left the room with the door open.（他敞着门离开了房间。） The teacher came in with a book in hand.（老师手里拿着一本书进来了。） She ran to me with a smile on her face.（她面带微笑向我跑来。） 即学即练： 1.The girl walked into the classroom ______ a storybook in her hand. ( )​ A. at B. with C. for D. from​ 2.My parents often watch TV ______ my grandparents on Sunday evenings. ( )​ A. to B. for C. with D. about​ 3.The artist draws beautiful pictures ______ a special brush. ( )​ A. with B. in C. on D. by​ 4.Tom is not happy ______ his exam result because he didn’t pass it. ( )​ A. for B. with C. about D. to​ 5.______ the weather getting colder, we all start to wear thick coats. ( )​ A. For B. With C. As D. Because​ 6.The old man lives in a small village ______ many tall trees around it. comfortable 词义及用法 [词汇拓展] comfort(n.)舒适；(v.)安慰；comfortably(adv.)舒服地；uncomfortable(adj.)不舒服的、uncomfortably (adv.)不舒服地 作形容词（comfortable）描述 “物体 / 环境让人舒适”；描述 “人感到自在、放松”： This sofa is very comfortable to sit on.（这沙发坐起来很舒服。） She feels comfortable with strangers now.（她现在和陌生人相处也很自在。） I’m not comfortable speaking in public.（我在公众场合讲话不太自在。） 作副词（comfortably） 修饰动词，强调 “舒适地、自在地”。 She leaned back and sat comfortably in the armchair.（她向后靠，舒服地坐在扶手椅上。） The family can live comfortably on his salary.（这个家庭靠他的工资能过得很宽裕。） 作名词（comfort） 表示 “舒适、安逸”（不可数） He values comfort more than style when buying clothes.（他买衣服时看重舒适胜过款式。） A hot drink is one of the small comforts of winter.（热饮是冬天的小确幸之一。） 作动词（comfort） 表示 “安慰、使舒适”。 She comforted the crying child with a hug.（她用拥抱安慰哭泣的孩子。） 即学即练： 1.Do you like seeing a movie on your mobile phone? —No. I seldom do that because it makes me . 2.The girl sat on the chair and soon fell asleep. 3.This chair is very ________ (舒适的). I like sitting on it to read books.​ 4.He slept ________ (舒适地) in his new bed last night.​ 5.After a long walk, a cup of hot tea brings me a lot of ________ (舒适).​ 6.Are you ________ (comfortable) speaking English in front of your classmates? 8. I got up and walked towards the window.我站起来，朝窗户走去。 get up词义及用法 起床；起身 She gets up at 7 o'clock every morning.（她每天早上7点起床。） He got up from the chair to greet us.（他从椅子上站起来迎接我们。） 鼓起（勇气、信心等） I need to get up the courage to ask for a raise.（我得鼓起勇气去要求加薪。） 即学即练： 1.My father usually ______ at 6:30 a.m. to make breakfast for our family. ​ A. gets up B. gets on C. gets off D. gets in​ 2.She ______ (get up) from the sofa and went to answer the phone just now.​ 3.Lisa needs to ______ the confidence to speak in front of the whole class. ( )​ A. get up B. pick up C. look up D. make up towards 词义及用法 （一）表示 “朝向；向…… 方向”​ The little boy ran towards his mother as soon as he saw her. （小男孩一看到妈妈，就朝她跑了过去。）​ （二）表示 “接近；将近（时间、数量）”​ Towards the end of the class, the teacher gave us a short quiz. （快下课的时候，老师给我们做了一个小测验。）​ （三）表示 “对；对于（态度、看法）”​ Everyone in the class is very kind towards the new student. （班里的每个人对新同学都很友好。）​ She has a positive attitude towards her study—she never gives up when meeting difficulties.（她对学习态度积极，遇到困难从不放弃。）​ 即学即练： 1.The cat walked slowly ______ the bowl of milk on the table. A. towards B. for C. with D. from​ 2.______ the end of winter, the weather starts to get warmer and warmer. A. In B. Towards C. On D. At​ 3.Every time she sees her grandmother, she runs ______ her with a big smile on her face. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$