Unit 6 Wisdom counts-Section 2 Exploring and applying rules (Grammar)教学设计 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级上册

Unit 6 Wisdom counts-Section 2 Exploring and applying rules (Grammar) This section of Unit 6 in the Shanghai Education Edition English textbook for Grade 8 focuses on the grammar of the present perfect tense and the simple past tense. Through the context of ancient stories, students will explore and apply the rules of these two tenses. The unit theme "Wisdom Counts" provides a rich backdrop, with stories like the Trojan War, which not only enriches students' language learning but also helps them understand the importance of wisdom. The grammar learning in this section aims to help students distinguish between the present perfect tense and the simple past tense, and use them correctly in different situations. 教学目标 Students will be able to understand the formation and usage of the present perfect tense (have/has + past participle) and the simple past tense (verb in past form). They can master the key differences between the present perfect tense and the simple past tense, especially in terms of the relationship between past actions and the present. Students will learn some irregular past participles and past forms of common verbs. 教学重难点 1 Key Points The formation and basic usage of the present perfect tense and the simple past tense. How to use time expressions such as "for", "since", "yesterday", "last week" etc. correctly with the two tenses. Recognizing the difference in meaning when using the present perfect tense and the simple past tense in sentences. 2 Difficult Points Differentiating between the present perfect tense used to emphasize the result or influence on the present and the simple past tense used to describe a past event with a specific time. Using irregular past participles and past forms of verbs accurately. 1 Present Perfect Tense Formation: For the first - person singular and plural (I, we), the second - person singular and plural (you), and the third - person plural (they), we use "have + past participle". For example, "I have finished my homework." For the third - person singular (he, she, it), we use "has + past participle". For example, "She has seen the movie." Usage: To describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present. Usually used with "for + period of time" or "since + point of time". For example, "He has lived here for five years." / "She has studied English since 2018." To talk about an action that happened at an unspecified time from now to the past. The exact time is not important, but the result or influence on the present is emphasized. For example, "I have lost my key. (Now I can't open the door.)" 2 Simple Past Tense Formation: For regular verbs, we add "-ed" to the base form. For example, "work - worked", "play - played". For irregular verbs, they have their own specific past forms. For example, "go - went", "do - did", "see - saw". Usage: To describe an action that happened at a specific time in the past. Time expressions such as "yesterday", "last week", "in 2020" etc. are often used. For example, "I went to the park yesterday." To talk about a series of actions that happened one after another in the past. For example, "She got up, washed her face, and had breakfast this morning." 教学过程 1 Lead - in (5 minutes) Activity: Show students some pictures related to ancient stories, such as the Trojan Horse. Ask them to describe what they see in simple English. For example, "I see a big horse. It is very huge." Questioning: Then ask students if they know the story behind the pictures. Encourage them to share what they know about the story briefly. This can arouse students' interest in ancient stories and lead to the grammar learning in the context of these stories. 2 Presentation (10 minutes) Example Sentences: Write two sets of sentences on the blackboard. Set 1 (Simple Past Tense): The Greek army attacked Troy ten years ago. The Trojans celebrated their victory in the main square that night. Set 2 (Present Perfect Tense): The Greek soldiers have disappeared. The Greeks have tried for ten years to capture our city. Explanation: Explain the formation and usage of the simple past tense and the present perfect tense based on these sentences. Point out the time expressions in the simple past tense sentences ("ten years ago", "that night") and the usage of "have/has + past participle" in the present perfect tense sentences. Also, emphasize that the simple past tense just tells about a past event, while the present perfect tense has a connection with the present. 3 Exploration (10 minutes) Group Work: Divide students into groups of four. Give each group a set of sentences with blanks. Some blanks need to be filled with the simple past tense, and some with the present perfect tense. For example: I _ (see) this movie last week. He _ (live) in this city since he was born. They _ (go) to the zoo yesterday. She _ (finish) her homework already. Students in each group discuss and fill in the blanks. Then, each group selects a representative to write their answers on the blackboard. Discussion and Correction: After all groups have presented their answers, have a class discussion. Check the answers together and explain the reasons for choosing the correct tenses. This can help students explore and understand the rules of the two tenses through practice. 4 Practice (15 minutes) Listening Practice: Play a short passage about an ancient story. The passage contains both the present perfect tense and the simple past tense. Students listen carefully and fill in a form, marking the sentences with the present perfect tense and the simple past tense respectively. After listening, check the answers with the students. Writing Practice: Ask students to write a short paragraph about an ancient story they know. They need to use at least three sentences in the present perfect tense and three sentences in the simple past tense. After they finish writing, ask some students to read their paragraphs aloud in class, and the teacher gives comments and corrections. 5 Summary and Homework (5 minutes) Summary: Summarize the key points of the present perfect tense and the simple past tense with the students, including their formation, usage, and differences. Review some of the common irregular verbs' past forms and past participles. Homework: Ask students to write a short composition about a historical event they are interested in, using both the present perfect tense and the simple past tense correctly. Let students make a list of 10 irregular verbs and their past forms and past participles, and recite them for the next class. 教学反思 Effectiveness of Teaching Methods: Evaluate whether the teaching methods used, such as group work, listening and writing practice, are effective in helping students understand and master the grammar knowledge. If students still have difficulties in differentiating between the two tenses, consider changing the teaching methods or adding more practice examples. Students' Participation: Reflect on students' participation in class activities. If some students are less involved, think about how to encourage their participation in future classes, such as by giving more individual attention or designing more interesting activities. Homework Assessment: After grading students' homework, analyze the common mistakes they made in using the present perfect tense and the simple past tense. This can help adjust the teaching plan and provide more targeted guidance in the next class. 2 / 37 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$