Unit 8 Follow your interests-Section 2 Exploring and applying rules (Grammar)教学设计 2024-2025学年沪教版英语七年级下册

Unit 8 Follow your interests-Section 2 Exploring and applying rules (Grammar)

 

This grammar section mainly focuses on two key grammar points: adverbial clauses of time and the structure of "used to / did not use to". The adverbial clauses of time, introduced by conjunctions like "when", "while", "as", "before", "after", "until", "since", and "as soon as", are used to indicate the time when the action in the main clause takes place. The "used to / did not use to" structure is applied to describe past habits or states that no longer exist in the present. These grammar points are presented in the context of the unit's theme of interests and careers, helping students to better understand and use them when talking about personal experiences related to interests and how they have changed over time.

 

A. Adverbial Clauses of Time

Conjunctions and Their Meanings

When: It can be used when the actions in the main clause and the subordinate clause happen simultaneously or the action in the subordinate clause happens before the main clause. For example, "When I got home, my mother was cooking."

While: Emphasizes that the actions in the main clause and the subordinate clause are in progress at the same time. The verb in the while - clause is usually a continuous verb. For example, "While I was reading, my sister was watching TV."

As: It can mean "at the same time as" or "while", often used to describe two actions happening simultaneously and having a parallel relationship. For example, "As we walked, we talked."

Before: Indicates that the action in the main clause takes place after the action in the subordinate clause. For example, "I had breakfast before I went to school."

After: Means that the action in the main clause occurs after the action in the subordinate clause. For example, "After the rain stopped, we went out to play."

Until: Expresses that the action in the main clause continues until the action in the subordinate clause occurs. The common structure is "not... until...", meaning "not do something until a certain time". For example, "I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework."

Since: When used in adverbial clauses of time, the main clause is usually in the present perfect tense, and the subordinate clause is in the simple past tense, indicating "from a certain past time until now". For example, "He has lived here since he was born."

As soon as: It shows that the action in the main clause follows immediately after the action in the subordinate clause. For example, "As soon as he arrives, we will start the meeting."

Tense Rules

主将从现: When the main clause is in the simple future tense, the adverbial clause of time is usually in the simple present tense. For example, "I will call you when I get there."

主过从过: When the main clause is in the past tense, the adverbial clause of time is also in the past tense (such as simple past tense or past continuous tense). For example, "When I was a child, I liked playing games."

B. Used to / Did Not Use to

Form

Affirmative Form: Subject + used to + verb 原形. For example, "I used to play football after school."

Negative Form: Subject + used not to + verb 原形 or Subject + didn't use to + verb 原形. For example, "I used not to like vegetables." or "I didn't use to like vegetables."

Interrogative Form: Used + subject + to + verb 原形？or Did + subject + use to + verb 原形？For example, "Used you to go to school by bike?" or "Did you use to go to school by bike?"

Meaning

"Used to do sth." is used to describe an action or a state that happened regularly in the past but no longer happens now. It emphasizes the contrast between the past and the present. For example, "He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city."

 

教学过程

A. Lead - in (5 minutes)

Greet the students and show some pictures related to people's hobbies at different ages, such as a child playing with toys and the same person painting as an adult.

Ask students some questions: "Look at these pictures. Can you see any changes in this person's hobbies? Do you think people's hobbies may change as they grow up? Have your hobbies changed over the years?" Encourage students to share their ideas briefly. This activity aims to arouse students' interest and lead them to think about the changes in hobbies, which is related to the grammar content to be learned.

B. Presentation (15 minutes)

Adverbial Clauses of Time

Write a simple sentence on the blackboard: "I was doing my homework." Then add another part: "My mother came back home." Combine them into a sentence with "when": "When my mother came back home, I was doing my homework." Explain to students that "when my mother came back home" is an adverbial clause of time, which tells us the time when the action "I was doing my homework" happened.

Show more examples on the PPT, such as:

While he was singing, the phone rang.

As she walked, she listened to music.

Before I went to bed, I read a storybook.

After they finished their work, they went out for dinner.

I waited until the bus arrived.

Since he moved here, he has made many friends.

As soon as she saw the dog, she was scared.

Analyze each example with students, explaining the meaning of the conjunction and the relationship between the two actions. Point out the tense usage in each sentence according to the "主将从现" and "主过从过" rules.

Used to / Did Not Use to

Show a picture of a boy who is fat now but was thin in the past. Say: "Look at this boy. He is fat now, but he used to be thin." Write the sentence on the blackboard and explain the structure "used to do sth." means something that happened in the past but doesn't happen now.