高中英语语法详解大全 Part 14 情态动词 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2025-08-30
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高中英语语法详解大全(讲义) Part 14 情态动词 情态动词表示说话人对某一行为或事物的态度和看法,不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,与行为动词或连系动词连用构成谓语。情态动词主要分为以下几类: 要点提示 情态动词的位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前,谓语动词前若有构成时态、语态的助动词,则情态动词放在助动词之前。疑问句中,情态动词则移到主语之前。如: I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你,过来吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you?你要什么?/我能帮你做什么吗? 1 情态动词的基本用法 1. can/could的用法 用法 例句 备注 表能力,其中can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力 Everyone here can speak English.这儿人人会说英语。 Could you speak English then? 那时候你会说英语吗? can/could与be able to用法对比: can/could只能表示现在或过去的能力,be able to能用于各种时态;can/could表示一般的能力,be able to表示经过一番努力后终于成功 表请求、许可 —Could/ Can I use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗? —Yes, of course you can. 当然可以。 表示请求时,could语气比can委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语要用can 表可能性、推测 Accidents can happen.意外情况是可能发生的。 He cannot have left . His bag is still in the room.他不可能走了,他的包还在屋里呢。 can表示推测,常用于否定句和疑问句中;could既可以表示过去的可能性,也可以表示现在的可能性,语气比can弱 练一练 1. The room is dirty; it ______be cleaned. A. can’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. wouldn’t 2. —Could I sit here? —Yes, of course you ______. A. can B. could C. must D. may 3. Computers are wonderful machines and they _______ do lots of work for people. A. must B. should C. can D. would 1. A 2. A 3. C 2. may/might的用法 用法 例句 备注 表请求、许可 —Might/ May I drive the car? 我可以开这辆车吗? —No, you may not/ mustn’t. 不可以。 表示请求、许可时,may/might比can/could更正式。might比may的语气更委婉些,否定回答时可用may not表示“不可以”语气委婉,或用mustn’t,表示“不可以”“禁止”“阻止”之意 表可能性 He may/ might be very busy now.他现在可能很忙。 may/might表可能只用于肯定句和否定句中。may与might不存在时间的差异,might表示的可能性更小 表祝愿 May you succeed!祝你成功! 表祝愿时,不用might 要点提示 may和 can表推测时的区别: can和 may均可表示推测, can用于否定句和疑问句, may用于肯定句和否定句。两者均可用于否定句,但是含义不同:cannot = 不可能,may not = 可能不。比较: It can’t be true. 这不可能是真的。 It may not be true. 这可能不是真的。 练一练 1. Helen ______come with us tomorrow, but she isn’t very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 2. —May I pick a flower in the garden? —No, you ______. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. don’t have to 3. This coat looks like mine, yet it isn’t. Whose ______it be? A. must B. might C. can D. may 1. B 2. B 3. C 3. must的用法 用法 例句 备注 表义务 We must keep our word. 我们必须遵守诺言。 通常用于肯定句、疑问句;回答must引出的问句时,否定式常用need not(needn’t)或don’t have to表示“不必” 表不 允许 These books must not be taken away from the library.这些书不准携出图书馆。 通常用于否定句,表示禁止 表推测 He must be mad .他一定是疯了。 You must be joking .你一定是在开玩笑。 You must have mistaken her for her sister.你一定是把她误认为是她的姊妹了。 用于肯定句中,表示对现在、将来或过去情况的推测 备注:must用于问句中,表示说话人不耐烦、讨厌、责备等语气,意为“偏要、偏偏”Must you make so much noise when all of us are doing our work quietly?你偏要在我们都安静工作的时候弄出那么大的噪音吗? 4. must/have to的区别 用法对比 must have to 含义不同 must表示“必须”,强调说话人的主观看法 I must leave at six today. 我今天必须六点钟离开。 have to表示“不得不”,强调客观需要 She can’t come. She has to help her mum. 她不能来,她得帮助她妈妈。 形式不同 must只有一种形式,一般用于现在时 You must remember to write home. 你必须记着给家里写信。 have to有多种时态,可用于现在、过去、将来等时态中 How much money will I have to borrow?我需要借多少钱? 练一练 1. —Must I clean the window now? —No, you ______. A. needn’t B. don’t have to C. mustn’t D. A or B 2. You ______see the doctor. You don’t look very well. A. must B. shall C. may D. can 3. Harry has been reading all day; he ______be tired. A. should B. has got to C. has to D. must 1. D 2. A 3. D 5. need/dare的用法 用法对比 情态动词 实义动词 need need作情态动词时常用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替 —Need I say my telephone number again?我需要再说遍电话号码吗? —No, you needn’t .不,不需要。 need作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化;可用于各种句型,后面须接带to的不定式,如(sb.)need to do,(sth.)need to be done=(sth.)need doing need to be careful.你得小心些。 dare dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用在肯定句中 How dare you say I’m unfair? 你怎么敢说我不公平? He dare not do such a thing. 他不敢做这样的事。 dare作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化;可用于各种句型,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式 I dare to swim across this river. 我敢游过这条河。 Do you dare(to) jump into the water from here?你敢从这儿跳进水里吗? 练一练 1. David will help you finish the work on time, so you ______worry about it. A. don’t need B. needn’t C. not need D. needn’t to 2. I shall be surprised if he ______tell them what he has seen. A. dares to B. dares not C. dare to D. dare not to 3. —Need I answer the question? —Yes, you _______. A. need B. may C. can D. must 1. B 2. A 3. D 6. shall的用法 用法 例句 作助动词可表示将来时,用于第一人称 I shall be back in a minute.我一会儿就回来。 表示征求意见,用于第一、第三人称 Shall I go with you?我和你一起去好吗? What shall he do next?他下一步干什么呢? 表示命令、警告、允诺等,用于第二、三人称 You shall have a sweet.你会得到一块糖。 备注:shall的过去式是should。如:I should let him know before I left.我走之前,应该让他知道。 练一练 1. Mr Black, a few students want to see you. ______they wait here or outside? A. Should B. Will C. Shall D. Are 2. As a soldier, you ______do as the head tells you. A. will B. shall C. may D. ought 3. You don’t look well; you ______have a fever. A. might B. can C. shall D. should 1. C 2. B 3. A 7. should/ought to的用法 要点提示 注意ought to的否定式与疑问式。如: You ought not to do it. 你不应该做此事。 — Ought he to start now? 他现在该动身了吗? —Yes, he ought (to). 是的,该动身了。 They ought to go now, oughtn’t they? 他们现在该走了,对吗? 练一练 1. Parents ______raise their children until they are 18. A. should B. ought to C. may D. would 2. —When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. —They ______be ready by 12:00. A. ought B. might C. should D. need 3. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ______come, but why didn’t you? A. must have B. ought to have C. should D. need have 1. B 2. C 3. B 8. will/would/used to的用法比较 will 表示将来的意志、意愿;表示规律性的“注定会” I will send photos to you soon. 我很快就会把照片寄给你。 Man will die without air. 没有空气,人会死的。 will/would 表示经常性、习惯性动作,往往含有主观上的感情色彩,意为“总是”。will用于现在,would用于过去 He would go to the park as soon as he was free. 过去,他一有空就去公园。 used to 表示过去的动作、状态,重在强调过去与现在的对比,即“以前这样,但现在不这样了”,意为“过去常常,过去是” People used to believe thatthe earth was flat.过去,人们总以为地球是扁平的。 要点提示 will和 would均可用于征求意见或提出请求,此时 would不表示过去,而是语气更委婉。如: Will you please pass me the salt? 请你把盐递给我好吗? Would you ask them to wait outside? 你可否请他们在外面等等? 练一练 1. ______Mr. Black ______go to work by ferry before the bridge was built? A. Did; used to B. Use; to C. Did; use to D. Does; use to 2. —Do you often e-mail your friends? —No. I use WeChat more often, but I ______e-mail my friends. A. have to B. would like to C. used to D. get to 3. —Sir, ______you park your car at this Fair Engine Access? —Sorry, I didn’t notice that. A. can B. must C. will D. may 1. C 2. C 3. B 2 情态动词的特殊用法 1. 情态动词表示推测 1)情态动词表示推测,按其可能性程度由大到小排列为: 2)情态动词表示推测的具体运用 情态动词表示推测可分为对现在、对过去、对将来的推测。 A. 对现在、对将来的推测 情态动词+do 表示对现在或将来的情况进行推测 He may/ might know it.他可能知道这事。 He may/ might come tomorrow.明天他可能会来。 情态动词+be doing 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测 He may /might be waiting for you now.他可能正在等你。 He may /might be waiting for you when you get there tomorrow.明天你到那里时,他可能会正在等着你。 B. 对过去的推测 情态动词+have done 表示对过去或已发生的情况进行猜测 The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。 要点提示 情态动词表推测时,can用于否定句和疑问句,must用于肯定句(即它的否定句和疑问句用can代替)。如: What can he possibly want? 他可能会想要什么呢? You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干了一整天,一定累了。 练一练 1. Uncle Li ______come to see us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. may B. need C. can D. must 2. —He ______be in the classroom, I think. —No, he ______be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can’t D. may; mustn’t 3. He isn’t at school. I think he ______be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. might 1. A 2. C 3. D 2. 情态动词表示批评或责备 “情态动词+have done ”除了可以表示推测外,还可以婉转地表示批评或责备。 could have done 虚拟语气用法,表示本来能够做到,但事实上却未做 couldn’t have done 没有虚拟语气用法,只能表否定推测,表示过去不可能做了某事。相当于can’t have done You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本来可以帮我一把嘛——为什么你只是坐在那儿观望呢? She can’t / couldn’t have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on. 她不可能上床睡觉了,因为她房间的灯还亮着。 might have done 虚拟语气用法,表示过去本可以做某事却未做 might not have done 没有虚拟语气用法,只能表推测,表示过去可能没有做某事。相当于may not have done You might have made greater progress.你的进步本来可更大一些的。 They mightn’t have regarded me as their friend. 他们可能没有把我当作朋友看待。 should have done/ought to have done 虚拟语气用法,表示过去本应该做某事却未做 shouldn’t have done/oughtn’t to have done 虚拟语气用法,表示过去本不该做某事却做了 The work should have been / ought to have been finished yesterday. 这个工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 You shouldn’t have left / oughtn’t to have left so early.你本不该走得那么早。 need have done 虚拟语气用法,表示过去本有必要做某事却未做 needn’t have done 虚拟语气用法,表示过去本没必要做某事却做了 He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldn’t have missed the train.他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。 You needn’t have done it instead of him yesterday. 你昨天原本不必替他做那件事情。 要点提示 注意needn’t have done与didn’t need to do意义的差别: He needn’t have come . 他本没有必要来。(实际却来了) He didn’t need to come . 他没有必要来。(实际也没来) 练一练 1. I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave 2. Someone ______ my umbrella. I found it wet yesterday. A. was using B. must have used C. has used D. has been using 3. Why didn’t you tell me yesterday that you could lend me some money? I ______ money from the bank. A. needn’t borrow B. can’t have borrowed C. needn’t have borrowed D. may not have borrowed 1. B 2. B 3. C 情态动词习题 一、单项填空 1. He ______ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A. wouldn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 2. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ______ too much at the party last night. A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk 3. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat 4. —What are you doing this Saturday? —I’m not sure, but I ______ go to the Rolling Stones concert. A. must B. would C. should D. might 5. When I was a child, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to. A. should B. could C. must D. need 6. We ______ have bought so much food now thatSuzie won’t be with us for dinner. A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t 7. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 8. The door ______ open, no matter how hard she pushed. A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t 9. —Why are your eyes so red? You ______ have slept well last night. —Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t 10. —Happy birthday! —Thank you! It’s the best present I ______ for. A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished 二、选词填空 need must should shall can 1. They ______ have arrived at lunchtime, but their flight was delayed. 2. If you ______ smoke, please go outside. 3. The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they ______. 4. One of our rules is that every student ______ wear school uniform while at school. 5. I ______ not use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning the train comes by my house. 答案解析 一、单项填空 1. 【解析】 选C。根据后文“although he tried to”可知他不可能入睡。wouldn’t不愿意;shouldn’t不应该;couldn’t不可能;mustn’t禁止,故选C。 2. 【解析】 选D。由last night可知,此处考查情态动词对过去发生事情的推测,排除A、B。又根据“Harry is feeling uncomfortable.”可知,昨晚的聚会上他肯定喝得不少。故是对过去发生事情的肯定推测,用must have done,故选D。 3. 【解析】 选C。考查情态动词的虚拟语气。该句所表达的意思是刚才我不应该吃那么多炸鸡,而实际上是吃了那么多,可以判断用shouldn’t have done虚拟语气用法,表示过去本不该做某事却做了,故答案选C。 4. 【解析】 选D。根据“I’m not sure”可知说话者不能确定,因此使用might表示推测,表示“有可能”。 5. 【解析】 选B。A项“应该”;B项“能够”;C项“必须”;D项“需要”。根据句意:当我还是孩童的时候,每当我想看电视的时候都能够看。故答案选B。 6. 【解析】 选B。根据后面的now that从句:Suzie不与我们一起吃饭,所以前面是在说我们本没有必要买这么多食物,但实际上已经买了。needn’t have done虚拟语气用法,表示过去本没必要做某事却做了,故选B。 7. 【解析】 选C。考查情态动词的虚拟语气。根据why didn’t you tell me?中的过去时可知,本题是对过去情况进行虚拟,排除A、B;could have done本可以做,实际上却未做;must have done一定做了某事。结合语境,可知C正确。 8. 【解析】 选C。此处描述主语the door的特点“老是打不开”,是其固有的习惯或倾向,用情态动词will/would描述,故选C。 9. 【解析】 选A。根据语境“眼睛那么红,昨晚不可能睡得很好”可知,此处考查情态动词对过去发生事情的推测。can’t have done过去不可能……;mustn’t不准,禁止,不用于表示推测;needn’t have done虚拟语气用法,表示过去本没必要做某事却做了;won’t不用于过去时间,故选A。 10. 【解析】 选D。A项意为“本应该期望而实际上并非如此”;B项意为“一定希望”;C项意为“也许希望”;D项意为“可能希望”。句意为:——生日快乐!——谢谢你!这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。根据句意,应选D项。 二、选词填空 1. 【解析】 should。句意:他们本该午饭时到达,但他们的航班推迟了。should have done本来应该做某事,而实际没做。 2. 【解析】 must。句意:如果你偏要抽烟,请到外面去抽。must用于疑问句或条件句中,表示说话人不耐烦、讨厌、责备等语气,意为“偏要、偏偏”。 3. 【解析】 can。句意:警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子,但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。can可以,能够,表示现在的能力。 4. 【解析】 shall。句意:我们的规定之一是每个学生在校时都要穿校服。shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 5. 【解析】 need。句意:我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我,因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。need not do sth.没必要做某事。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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高中英语语法详解大全 Part 14 情态动词 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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