2026年中考英语语法专项突破—并列句和复合句

语法专项突破—并列句和复合句 考点一 并列句 两个或两个以上的简单句,用连词连起来,就构成了并列句。常用的连接词有: (1)表示顺承关系的有 and,not only...but also...,both...and...,so 等。 如:She not only gave me a lot of advice, but also helped us to overcome difficulties.她不仅给了我们很多建议,而且还帮助我们克服困难。 (2)表示选择关系的有or,either...or....neither...nor...等。 如:Either you or Maria will have to go.你或者玛丽亚得去一趟。 (3)表示转折关系的有 but, yet,however 等。 如:He is young， but he works hard.虽然他年轻,但工作努力。 (4)表示因果关系的有for,so,therefore 等。 如:He studies hard,so he is a top student of class.他学习努力,所以他是我们班上最优秀的学生。 考点二复合句之宾语从句 在复合句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。宾语从句的考点,多集中在以下三个方面: 1.宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句的引导词分为三类: (l)引导陈述句用that(在口语或非正式文体中常常省略)。 (2)引导一般疑问句用if或whether。 (3)引导特殊疑问句,要用原来的特殊疑问词。 如:He tells me (that) he is going shopping this Sunday.他告诉我说星期天他要去购物。 She asked me if/whether she could join us.她问我她是否可以加入我们。 She asked them what they were doing. 她问他们在做什么。 2.宾语从句的语序一律是用“连接词+陈述句语序”。 3.宾语从句的时态 (1)如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。 如:He tells us that he has been able to look after himself.他告诉我们他已经能够照顾自己了。 (2)如果主句是过去时,宾语从句应使用过去相应的某一种时态。 如:They said that they had already finished the work.他们说他们已经完成工作了。 (3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象等,不管主句用什么时态,从句习惯上都用一般现在时。 如:He said that light travels faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快。 考点三复合句之状语从句 状语从句在复合句中作状语,修饰主句中的动词.形容词.副词等。 1.地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where 等引导。如:Where I live there are plenty of sheep.我住的地方有很多羊。 2.时间状语从句 在时间状语从句中,常用的引导词有when,before,after,until/till,as soon as,since,while,as等。 如:She was cooking when someone knocked at the door.有人敲门时,她正在煮饭。 What will you do after you finish homework? 你做完作业后准备做什么? 3.条件状语从句 在条件状语从句中，常用的引导词有if和unless(= if not)。 如:If it doesn't rain, I'll go fishing. 如果不下雨,我将去钓鱼。 They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday.除非下星期天下雨,否则他们要去野餐。 4.原因状语从句 在原因状语从句中,常用的引导词有because, as,since 等。 如:He didn't come because he was ill. 他没有来是因为他病了。 Since we are students,we should study hard.既然我们是学生，我们就应该努力学习。 注意:because与so不能在一个复合句中同时使用。 5.结果状语从句 结果状语从句主要由 so...that 和 such..that 引导。 如:It's so hot that we want to go swimming.天太热了,我们想去游泳。 She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.她是如此可爱的一个女孩,以至于我们都喜欢她。 注意:so...that与简单句之间的句型转换 (1)若that后的句子是否定句时,常用too...to 进行转换。 如:He is so young that he can't go to school.→He is too young to go to school. The physics problem is so difficult that I can't work it out.→The physics problem is too difficult for me to work out. (2)若that后的句子是肯定句，常用...enough to...进行转换。 如:She is so kind that she often helps others. She is kind enough to often help others. The shirt was so cheap that he bought it.→The shirt was cheap enough for him to buy. 6.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的有 so that,in order that 等。 如:Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it. 请大声说,以便大家都能听见。 He works harder in order that he can go to a good college.他更加努力地学习,以便能上一所好的大学。 注意:so that引导的目的状语从句可以用in order to转换为简单句。 如:I'll write down your phone number so that I may not forget.=I'll write down your phone number in order not to forget.我记下你的电话号码,以免忘记。 7.让步状语从句 在让步状语从句中，常用的引导词有though,although,even if/though 等。如:He often helps others though/although he is not rich. 尽管他不富裕,但他经常帮助别人。 He'll go there even though the weather is bad. 尽管天气恶劣,他也要去那里。 注意:though,although与 but 不能出现在同一主从复合句中,二者只能保留其一。 8.比较状语从句 比较状语从句常 由 than, as...as.,not as/so.as等引导。 如:He is more outgoing than I.他比我活泼。He ran as fast as Mike. 他和迈克跑得一样快。 考点四 复合句之定语从句 在复合句中,修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后,但翻译成汉语时,要把修饰语放在前面。引导定语从句的词叫关系词,也叫引导词。 如:This is the soldier who saved the boy's life. 先行词关系词定语从句 1.关系代词的基本用法 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/that which/that/省略 whose 如: The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong.会上发言的人来自香港。 The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital.正在建的这幢建筑将用作医院。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world.我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。 注意:(1)当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。 如:He is one of the boys who like playing basketball.他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。 He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball.他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。 (2)通常有以下六种情况只能用that而不能用which. A.先 行 词 为all，much，something，everything,nothing.little,none,the one 等不定代词时。 如That is all that I want to say.那就是我想要说的。 B.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 如:This is the most wonderful film that I have seen.这是我看过的最精彩的电影。 C.先行词为数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时。 如:Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me.看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。 D.当先行词被the only，the very,the just等修饰时。 如:Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。 E.先行词中既有人又有物时。 如:We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。 F.先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 如:It's a book that will help you a lot.这是一本对你很有帮助的书。 2.关系副词的基本用法 (l)when 在句中作状语,表示时间。 如:He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他人团的那一天。 (2)where 在句中作状语,表示地点。如:This is the place where Lu Xun was born.这就是鲁迅出生的地方。 (3)why 在句中作状语,表示原因。 如:This is the reason why he is late today.这就是他今天迟到的原因。 自我检测 1.—Could you please tell me about the CCTV Host Competition?—Let's check it on computers. A.how can I get the information B.how I can get the information C.why can I get the information D.why I can get the information 2.—Jack will have a birthday party tomorrow. Do you know ? —I'm not sure. Let's call Cathy and she may know something about it. A.how can I get there B.what gift he prefers C.why didn't he invite me D.where the party was held 3.—Do you know ? —In Stratford,England. A.where Shakespeare was born B.when Shakespeare finished school C.how many plays Shakespeare wrote D.why Shakespeare's works are popular 4.Alice can sing some English songs, she can't play the guitar. A.and B.but C.or D.for 5.—Excuse me!Do you know ? —It’s on the Second Street. A.where is the supermarket B.when does the supermarket open C. where the supermarket is D. when the supermarket opens 6.Chinese paper cutting is a kind of folk art uses scissors or knives to cut paper for decoration or other folk activities. Many foreigners are interested in it. A.what B.who C.which D.where 7.We'll never forget those lost their lives for our country. A.who B.which C.whom 8.I will remember the important people in my life helped and supported me. A.who B.which C.what D.how 9.—Why don’t you like fishing?—Fishing is a hobby needs much patience, but I am not patient at all. A.who B.whose C.what D.that 10.—Do you know zongzi in China, Li Ping? —Usually during the Dragon Boat Festival A.why people make B.when people eat C.where people buy D.when do people eat 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$