2026年中考英语语法专项突破 讲义 非谓语动词

语法专项突破—非谓语动词 考点一 动名词的用法 动名词由动词原形ing构成,与现在分词形式一样。但动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。 1.动名词作主语 (1)动名词作主语时.经常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语后置。 如:Getting up early is good for your health.= It is good for your health getting up early.早起对你的健康有益。 (2)动名词作主语时,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。 如:Smoking is harmful. 吸烟是有害的。Drinking milk is good for your health.喝奶对你的健康有益。 2.动名词作表语 动名词作表语可以转换为动名词作主语。 如:The nurse's job is looking after the patients.=Looking after the patients is the nurse's job.护士的工作就是护理病人。 3.动名词作宾语 有些动词后面必须用动名词作宾语,而不能跟不定式或分词。常见的这类动词有 mind,finish, enjoy,practice,keep,miss,consider,suggest 等。 如:Would you mind my smoking?你介意我抽烟吗?I finished doing my homework.我做完作业了。 4.动名词作定语 动名词作定语,表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,一般置于被修饰的词前。 如:He slept in the sleeping bag.他在睡袋里睡觉。She is reading in the reading room. 她在阅览室里看书。 5.短语后的动名词 能接动名词的短语很多,除前面提到的外,初中阶段常见的还有:stop/prevent/keep...from(阻止),look forward to(盼望),think of,spend...(in)(花费..做某事),be good at(擅长), be interested in(对......感兴趣),succeed in(成功)等。 考点二 分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词具有主动和正在进行的含义,而过去分词则具有被动和已经完成的含义。分词在句子里可作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1.分词作表语,表示主语的性质、特征;过去分词作表语时,表示人的心理、精神状态,即喜怒哀乐等。 如:The movie was exciting.这部电影是激动人心的。He was very surprised at the news.他对这消息很吃惊。 2.分词作宾语补足语 (1)see,watch,hear,keep,find,notice 等动词后可以用分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行。句子的宾语是现在分词的逻辑主语,它们之间存在主动关系。而过去分词作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间是被动关系。 如:I found him reading a novel.我发现他在看小说。 I found him crowded by boys.我发现他被男孩们包围了。 (2)have/get sth. done 表示“请别人干某事”,其中的过去分词作宾语补足语。如: I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我将请人理发。 I must get my bike repaired.我必须请人修理我的自行车。 3.分词作定语,单个分词放在被修饰的名词前;分词短语则须置于被修饰的名词之后。 如:The swimming boy called out to her, but she didn't hear him. 那个游泳的孩子大声叫她,但她没听到。 Do you know the boy standing at the door? 你认识站在门口的那个男孩吗? 4.分词作状语,主要表示时间、原因、条件、结果等伴随情况。如:They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.他们有说有笑地走出了教室。(伴随状语) The car,hit badly,can't move at all.那辆车由于被撞得很严重,已经无法移动了。(原因状语) 考点三 动词不定式 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语等。 1.作主语To travel around China is my dream.环游中国是我的梦想。 It's our duty to clean the classroom.打扫教室是我们的责任。 2.作表语,主要表示愿望、责任.义务等,一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。如:His wish is to be a policeman.他的愿望就是当一名警察 To be a policeman is his wish.当一名警察是他的愿望。 3.作宾语 decide(决定),would like(想;要),hope(希望),plan(计划;打算),agree(同意),want(想要)等后只跟动词不定式作宾语。 如:We agreed to start early.我们答应早点动身。They planned to go hiking.他们计划去徒步旅行. 注意:动词不定式作宾语时,后面如果是形容词作宾语补足语,通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。如:The man found it difficult to get to sleep.那人发觉很难入睡。 4.作宾语补足语 常见的接带to动词不定式短语作宾语补足语的动词有:tell(告诉),ask(请求),want(要),order(命令),teach(教),invite(邀请),prefer(更喜欢),allow(允许)等。 如:I told him not to draw on the wall.我告诉他别在墙上画。 My brother taught me to read when I was three. 我三岁时,我哥哥就教我读书。 We wish her to go to a good college.我们希望她能上一所好大学。 5.作状语 动词不定式短语可以放在不及物动词,如come,go,travel,leave,run等以及一些表语形容词,如sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,excited 后作目的、原因、结果状语。如:I come to see you. 我来看你。 I am sorry to trouble you.很抱歉打扰你。I'm surprised to see you here.我很惊讶在这儿见到你。 6.作定语 动词不定式短语作定语时,应放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。动词不定式与被修饰的词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。如:I have a lot of work to do.我有很多的工作要做。 注意:如果作定语的动词不定式短语中的动词是不及物动词,切记不能漏掉介词。 如:I have a small bedroom to live in.我有一间小屋居住。 考点四 常考的不带to的动词不定式 1.感官动词和使役动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,可概括为“一感(feel),二听(listen to,hear),三让(let,make,have),四看(look at,see,watch,notice)”。 如:I heard someone knock at the door just now.刚才我听到有人敲门。 We saw him enter the room.我们看到他进了这个房间。 注意:感官动词后接不定式短语作宾语补足语,强调动作经常发生或强调动作发生的全过程;而接现在分词则强调动作正在进行。试比较: I often see him play basketball on the playground.我经常看见他在操场上打篮球。 I saw him playing basketball when I passed the playground.我经过操场的时候,看见他正在打篮球。 2.在 would you please(请您),had better(最好).why not(为什么不),would rather(宁愿)等结构后,须用不带 to 的不定式。如: Would you please make your bed? 请整理一下你的床好吗? You’d better go to bed earlier.你最好早点上床休息。 Why not go and play basketball?为什么不去打篮球呢? He said he would rather not stay at home. 他说他不愿在家 3.两个并列的带to的不定式由and或or连接时,第二个不定式符号常常省略。如: She has learned to read and write.她已经学会了读和写 I don't want to visit my teacher or ask him some questions.我不想去拜访我的老师,也不想向他问问题。 考点五 疑问词+动词不定式 动词不定式可以用在疑问词what,how,when,where,which 等之后.作主语.宾语.宾语补足语等。 如:I don't know what to say.我不知道说什么。He showed me how to use the computer.他教我怎样用电脑。 注意:我们常用“疑问词+不定式”结构,把一个复合句转换成简单句。 如:I don't know how I can get to the post office. I don't know how to get to the post office. 考点六 动词后跟to do与doing时的异同 1.意义上无太大区别的情况 有些动词后可跟to do和doing作宾语,意义上无太大区别,如 like,hate,prefer,begin, start 等。 如:She hates to eat/eating fried food.她不喜欢吃油炸食物。 I have begun to learn/learning Russian. 我开始学习俄语了。 2.意义上有很大区别的情况 下面的动词跟 to do 和 doing 作宾语时,意义上有很大区别: (1)remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 (2)forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 (3)stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 (4)go on to do sth.接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事 自我检测 1.—You'd better ask your father anything out of the window while driving. —I will. He has to know it's dangerous. A.to throw B.not throwing C.to not throw D.not to throw 2.Teachers expect all their students progress day by day A.to make B.make C.to take D.take 3.The earth is in great danger now We have to do something it A.protect B.protecting C.to protect D.protected 4.It was dark outside. Sue decided to the bank alone. A.not going B.going not C.not to ga D.to not go 5.The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is 55 kilometers long and the workers spent 5 years and 9 years it. A.plan;build B.planning;build C.plan;building D.planning;building 6.More and more teenagers have poor eyesight,so parents and teachers should take action the situation from getting worse. A.stop B.stopping C.stopped D.to stop 7.My parents always tell me more vegetables and fruit. A.eat B.eating C.eats D.to eat 8.Doctors tell us our hands before and after every meal. A.wash B.washed C.washing D.to wash 9.—Don't forget off the lights when you leave the classroom.—OK.Ill do that. A.turn B.turns C.turning D.to turn 10.At times,parents find it difficult with their teenage children A.talk B.talked C.talking D.to talk 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$