2026年中考英语语法专项突破 讲义 动词分类

语法专项突破—动词分类 考点一实义动词 实义动词按照其后是否能跟宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1.及物动词 及物动词就是后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词。如 love,need, want, ask, have, help, teach, make等。 如:We love our great motherland very much. 我们非常爱我们伟大的祖国。 My grandfather bought me a nice toy.我祖父给我买了一个漂亮的玩具。 Could you please keep the door open? 你开着门好吗? 2.不及物动词 (1)不及物动词本身意义完整,其后不必跟宾语。如 come, go, run, walk,travel,listen, swim,live,work等。 如:He works hard.他工作努力。 People often swim in the river.人们经常在这条河里游泳。 (2)如果不及物动词需要带宾语,则其后需要加适当的介词,之后才可以跟宾语。 如:The baby is smiling at us.这个小孩正对着我们微笑。 He died of hunger.他死于饥饿. 考点二 系动词 系动词的词义不完整,须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的系动词分类如下: 分类 例词 be 动词 am,is,are,was,were 感官类系动词 look(看起来),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得) 变化类系动词 become,get.grow,go.turn 状态类系动词 keep,stay,remain 如:I'm an outgoing girl with short hair.我是一个留着短发的性格外向的女孩。 His plan sounds good.他的计划听起来很好。 Mr.Black’s face turned red.布莱克先生的脸变红了。 The shop stays open till8 pm.商店一直开门到晚上八点。 考点三 助动词 助动词本身没有词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和别的动词一起构成谓语动词,表示时态、语态、语气等特征,帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。主要的助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。 分类 作用 be am/is/are+现在分词现在进行时;was/were+现在分词过去进行时;be十过去分词 被动语态 do 形式有do,does,did.用于构成疑问句和否定句,或用在动词前加强语气 have have/has+过去分词 现在完成时;had+过去分词 过去完成时;have+been+现在分词 现在完成进行时 will/shall will/shall+动词原形 一般将来时;would/should+动词原形 过去将来时 注意:(1)will,would,shall,should 除了表示单纯的将来时以外,更多的是用作情态动词。 (2)shall,should用于第一人称表示单纯的将来时,在现代英语中常用will,would替代 考点四 情态动词 情态动词本身有一定的意义,但没有人称和数的变化,不能单独使用,须和动词一起构成句子的谓语,表示说话的情感态度和语气。 1.can 的用法 can 的基本意思是“能;会”,其过去式为 could。can的主要用法为: (1)表示请求、许可,常用于一般疑问句,相当于may。如:Can I speak 1o Mr.Li?请李先生接电话好吗? (2)表示能力。可以用 be able to 转换。如:He can speak English. 他会讲英语。 (3)表示怀疑、猜测,主要用于否定句和一般疑问句。如:He can't be at home.I saw him in the zoo this morning.他不可能在家,我今天上午在动物园看见他了。 2.may 的用法 may 意为“可以”,过去式为might。它的要用法为: (1)表示请求或许可。如:May I come in?我可以进来吗? (2)表示可能性不大的猜测,用于肯定句。如:Mr.Wang may be at home.王老师也许在家里。 (3)表示祝福和愿望。如:may表示祝愿时,常用于比较正规的场合或书面语中。如:May you be happy!祝您幸福! 注意:“May I...?”表示许可请求时,否定回答要用mustn't或can't,而不能用 may not。 如:—May I go out and play basketball? 我可以出去打篮球吗?—No,you mustn't/can't.不,不行。 3.must的用法 (1)must“必须;应该”,表示义务、命令或必要,其否定形式mustn't意为“不应该;不允许”,表示禁止做某事。如:You must be careful next time.下 次你一定要小心。 You mustn't take photos here.你不许在这儿拍照。 注意:must 的一般疑问句,肯定回答时用must或have to。否定回答时,则须用needn't 或don't/doesn't have to,而不能使用mustn’t。 如:—Must I finish the homework today?我今天必须完成作业吗? —No,you needn't/you don't have to.不,没有必要 (2)表语气较为肯定的推测。如: must be+表语 对现在情况的推测 must be十现在分词 对正在发生的情况的推测 must have+过去分词 对过去情况的推测 He must be in the room.他一定在房间里。 She must be working in the field.她一定还在地里干活。 He must have watched TV yesterday.他昨天一定看电视了。 4.have to的用法 have to意为“必须;不得不”。当主语是第三人称单数时要用 has to。 (1)have to侧重于强调客观条件需要做的事情。 It's raining,and I have to stay at home.外面在下雨,我不得不待在家里。 (2)have to 不能直接构成否定句或疑问句,需要借助于助动词。以一般现在时为例,需要借助于do或does。 如:What does she have to do? 她必须做什么? You don't have to help her with her homework你没有必要帮她做家庭作业。 5.need的用法 need 除可以作实义动词之外,还可以作情态动词意思为“需要;必须”,无人称、数、时态的变化, (1)need通常用于否定句中。 如:We needn't spend too much time on it. 我们没有必要花那么多时间在它上面。 (2)need 还可以用在一般疑问句中,肯定句用must,否定回答使用 needn't。 如:—Need I go there now?我需要现在去那儿吗?—Yes,you must.是的,你必须去。—No,you needn't.不,你不必去。 6.shall与 should 的用法 (1)shall 常用于主语是第一人称的疑问句中,表示 请求。对 Shall I...?作肯定回答时,用 Yes,please;否定回答用 No,thank you。 如:—Shall I turn on the light?要不要开灯?—Yes,please.是的,开吧!/No,thank you.不,谢谢! (2)对 Shall we...?作肯定回答时,如果不包括对方,用Yes,please;如果包括对方,则用Yes,let's. —Shall we have some bananas?我们可以吃点香蕉吗?—Yes,please.是的,请。(不包括对方) ②—It's getting late. Shall we go? 天晚了,咱们走吧?—Yes,let's go.好,咱们走吧。(包括对方) 考点五 动词短语分类 一些动词与介词或副词等组合在一起构成动词短语。多数动词短语在意义上相当于一个实义动词。 初中阶段常见的动词短语主要有以下四类: 1.动词介词 这类动词短语后跟宾语时,无论宾语是名词(词组)还是代词,都需置于介词之后。常见的这类短语有look for(寻找.寻求),wait for(等待),send for(派人去请),look after(照顾;照看),take after(与相像).come from(来自),hear from(收到..来...信).think about(思考),depend on(依靠)等。如:I have to look after her at home. 我不得不在家照看她。 He is thinking about this question. 他正在思考这个问题。 2.动词十副词 作及物动词的有 cheer up(使振奋),clean up(打扫干净),put up(建立;张贴),fix up(修理),work ou(制定出;算出),give out(发放),give away(赠送分发),think over(仔细考虑),hand in(交上)等。作不及物动词的有get up(起床), come back(回来),get down(下来),hold on(等一等;别挂断),look out(当心),run away(逃跑)等. 注意:作及物动词时,如果名词作宾语,可以放在动副词组的后边,也可放在中间。但人称代词作宾语时,人称代词要放在中间。 如:He took off his coat. = He took his coat off.他脱下他的大衣。I can cheer her up.我能让她高兴起来。 3.动词副词十介词 这类短语动词后跟宾语时,宾语置于介词之后,常见的这类短语有 add up to(合计达),catch up with(赶上), get along with(与相处),run out of(耗尽;用光),keep away from(避开;不接近),look forward to(期盼)等。 如:He is trying his best to catch up with the other students in the class.他正在竭尽全力赶上班里的其他同学。 4.动词名词介词 常见的有:make fun of(取笑),make use of(利用),pay attention to(注意),take care of(照顾)等。 5.动词+名词 常见的有:take place(发生),make friends(交朋友)等。 自我检测 1.This book be Jim's.His name is on it. A.must B.might C.can't D.mustn't 2.Last Thursday when I got to the railway station,I I left my I D card at home. A.realised B.believed C.thought D.considered 3.—Is the man over there Adam?—It be him. He has been in Hong Kong for a few days. A.might B.can't C.must D.should 4.—Would you opening the window? Get more fresh air.—Of course not.I'll do it right away. A.consider B.practice C.suggest D.mind 5.—The article says that one's personality depends on his animal sign. —You read it for fun, but don't believe in that. A.can B.mus1 C.shouldn't D.needn't 6.We planned to meet at 2:00 pm at the gate of the People's Park,but Mark didn't until 3:00 pm. A.cut up C.show up B.look up D. put up 7.Cars,buses,bikes and people stop when the traffic lights are red. A.can B.may C.must D.might 8.The Tokyo Olympics will be because of the disease around the world. A.put up B.put off C.put on D. put away 9.— I have a talk with you now?—Sorry.I'm quite busy. A.Will B.Must C.May D.Need 10.—Clara,you have Journey to the West for two weeks. —Sorry,I wanted to give it back but was made Dazhou on business last week. A.borrowed;to leave B.kept;to leave C.kept;leave D.borrowed;leave 11.—What do you think is important for the players on a team? —It's to play together and the best in each other. A.bring out B.look up C.believe in D.blow out 12.The government will more volunteers to help rebuild the disaster area. A.send out B.send for C.send up D.send to 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$