2026年中考英语语法专项突破 讲义 形容词和副词

语法专项突破—形容词和副词 考点一 形容词 1.形容词的含义和种类 含义 表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态,对名词或代词起修饰和描绘作用 种类 简单形容词 good 好的，large 大的，tired 疲倦的 复合形容词 second-hand 二手的，kind-hearted 好心的 (1)有些形容词总是作表语而不作定语,这就是表语形容词，主要有:afraid害怕的，alone独自的，asleep 睡着的,awake 醒着的,alive 活着的。如:The baby is asleep. (正) The asleep baby is her daughter. (误) (2)有些形容词只作定语,不作表语,主要有:little 小的,only 唯一的,wooden 木制的,woolen 羊毛的，elder 年长的。如:My elder brother is interested in pop music.(正) My brother is elder. (误) (3)形容词名词化 某些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示“一类人”,作主语或宾语,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如:the poor/rich 穷/富人;the young/old 年轻/老人;the good 好人;the sick 病人 The rich aren't always happy.富人并不总是幸福的。 We should respect the old and love the young.我们应该尊老爱幼。 特殊语序 enough 作形容词时可放在名词前也可放在名词后，如:enough money =money enough，与形容词或副词连用时,放在形容词或副词后,如:brave enough。 else 只能作后置定语,修饰疑问代词what.who，whom，whose 和不定代词，如：Who else knows it?其他还有谁知道这个呢? 形容词修饰不定代词 当形容词修饰 something，everything，nothing，anything等作定语时要后置。如:Maybe there is something wrong with the clock.或许这钟出什么毛病了。 多个形容词的排列顺序 冠词十数词十性质/状态十大小/长短+形状+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如:a big round new Chinese wooden table一张新的中式木制大圆桌 常用句型 too+adj.+不定式 表示太...而不能...”,含有否定的意思。如:I'm too tired to think of anything now.我现在太累了,什么也不能想了。 It's+adj.+of+sb.+不定式 表示“某人做某事。如:It's very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真是太好了。 注意:这一句型中常用描述性格、品质的形容词,如:good好的,kind友善的nice 友好的， polite 有礼貌的， clever 聪明的,careful细心的;等等。 It's+adj.+for+sb+to do sth. 表示“做某事对某人来说...”如:It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.对他们来说学一门外语不容易。 注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important重要的，necessary 必要的，difficult 困难的,easy容易的.hard艰难的safe安全的，useful有益的；等等。 2.形容词的特殊语序及常用句型 考点二 副词 1.副词的含义和种类 含义 表示动作特征或性状特征，主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子。 种 类 时间副词 ago,before.soon,now.already,early,recently 疑问副词 when，where，how，why 地点副词 anywhere, here, home, there 关系副词 when.where,why，how 方式副词 fast,simply.badly,suddenly,slowly, warmly 连接副词 when. where.how. why 程度副词 very, quite, enough, much, almost, rather 频率副词 often,seldom, never, sometimes.hardly 其他副词 really，maybe， surely, certainly 2.副词的用法 副词在句中可作状语、表语等,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 (1)地点、时间和方式副词一般放在句末。同时出现时间和地点副词时,其顺序为先地点后时间。如: He was born in Shanghai in 2004.他2004 年出生于上海。I’ll go there tomorrow.明天我将去那里。 (2)频率副词在句中位置有以下两种情况: ①位于 be 动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。如:She is always kind to us. 她对我们总是很好。 The work has never been done.这份工作永远也做不完 ②位于实义动词之前。如:He usually goes to school by bike. 他通常骑自行车去上学 名师点津 当含有否定意义的频率副词never，seldom等位于句首时,其后要用倒装语序。 如:Never have I had a word with him.我从未和他说过话， (3)程度副词有下列两种用法: ①修饰动词时,它在句中的位置与频率副词的情况相似。如:He is almost forty years old.他快40 岁了。 I quite agree with you.我非常同意你的意见I really like the boy.我确实喜欢这个男孩。 ②修饰形容词或副词时,放在它所修饰的词前。He studies much harder now.现在他学习努力多了。 考点三 形容词、副词的比较等级 1.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的构成 (1)规则变化表如下: 词尾 变化规则 例词 一般情况 直接加-er.-est long-longer-longest 以字母e结尾的 比较级加-r，最高级加-st nice-nicer-nicest 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词 改 y为i，再加-er，-est easy-easier-easiest 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er,-est big-bigger-biggest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在前面加more或most构成比较级或最高级 beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful (2)不规则变化表如下 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best well bad/ill worse worst badly many more most much little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 2.形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 原 级 A+be+as+形容词原级+as+B A和 B一样... Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。 A+ be + not +as/so+形容词原级+as+B A不如 B... This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。 A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B A是 B的几倍 The room is tree as large as ours. 这个房间是我们房间的三倍大。 比 较 级 A+比较级+than+B A比 B更... Lesson One is easier than Lesson Two. 第一课比第二课更简单。 比较级+and+比较级 越来越... Things are getting better and better every day. 情况一天天好起来。 the+比较级...,the+比较级... 越...,越... The more, the better.越多越好(多多益善) 最 高 级 the+最高级+of/among/in.. 三者或三者以上之中最... This apple is the biggest of the five. 这个苹果是五个当中最大的。 one of the+最高级十复数名词+in/of... 最...之一 Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 the+序数词+最高级 第几(最)... The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二长河 名师点津 副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法 (1)副词的比较级、最高级的变化规则和形容词的比较级、最高级的变化规则基本相同。请参见形容词比较等级的变化方法。 (2)在两者之间进行比较表示“A 不如 B”时,除使用“not...as/so十副词原级十as”结构外,还可使用“less 十副词原级十 than”结构。 Bill didn't do his homework as carefully as Jim. Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim. 比尔做作业没有吉姆认真。 (3)副词最高级前常可省去定冠词 the。Lin Tao did best in English of all.林涛在所有人中英语学得最好。 自我检测 1.The young man was of all the performers. A.more creative B.much creative C.the most creative D.the creativest 2.—Tomorrow I’ll take the final examination,and I feel nervous. —Don't worry.It's to have butterflies in your stomach before an exam. A.rude B.exciting C.perfect D.natural 3.—China has formed a deep friendship with countries around the world. —That's true. We are working together in many fields. A.closely B.nervously C.terribly D.humorously 4.China has a history of over 5,000 years.It is one of the countries in the world. A.biggest B.oldest C.richest D.smallest 5.How about enjoying some music nearby?Let's take the opportunity of hearing the concert to be held in the Music Park tonight! A.alive B.live C.living D.lively 6.—How was your trip to the British Museum?—I could speak English and was completely silent during the visit. A.hardly B.always C.usually D.often 7.I love this city, in spring,even though I was not born here. A.certainly B.nearly C.especially D. properly 8.—Do you know that Tom is one of students in his class?—Yes,I do.He's as as my brother. A.the tallest;taller B.tallest;taller C.the tallest;tall D.tallest;tall 9.—It is reported that Friday will be of the week.—OK.I will take some warm clothes with me. A.cold B.colder C.coldest D. the coldest 10.—Does your brother like his new job?—I think so. He works ,and he is . A.hard;happily B.hard;happy C.hardly;happily D.hardly;happy 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$