Unit 5 You're supposed to shake hands. 人与自我：礼仪与风俗（话题阅读精练）英语鲁教版五四学制九年级全一册

Unit 5 You’re supposed to shake hands. 礼仪与风俗 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读还原 记叙文 226 介绍美国人的问候方式和习惯。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 459 围绕英国餐桌礼仪的具体规范展开，旨在介绍当地的饮食文化和社交习惯。 真题示例 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 314 介绍中国的拱手礼。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 442 介绍不同文化中的打招呼方式。 模拟演练 Passage1 完形填空 记叙文 240 介绍作为礼仪之邦的中国在待客与就餐方面的一些礼仪和风俗。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 301 对比中西方在礼物习俗上的文化差异 Passage3 阅读还原 说明文 316 介绍中国传统礼仪拱手礼，包括其使用场合、历史以及正确行礼方式等内容。 Passage4 语法填空 说明文 253 介绍了英国的餐桌礼仪，包括如何坐姿端正、用餐时如何使用手和餐具、用餐时的言谈举止以及如何对待食物剩余等方面的规范。 时文阅读 话题谚语小知识 1. Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 2. Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 3. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 4. Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 5. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情 。 6. All good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的筵席 。 7. "After you" is good manners. “您先请”是礼貌 。 8. A constant guest is never welcome. 常客令人厌 。 9. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人 。 10. Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。 时文阅读 Passage A（介绍美国人的问候方式和习惯。） In the US, greeting someone often starts with “Hi, how are you?” This can be confusing (令人困惑) for people from other countries. 1 . In fact, people in the US often just want to be friendly. Most people expect a quick answer like “I’m fine, thanks, and you?” or “I'm good, thanks!” before moving on. 2 . If you are greeting someone older than you, it’s polite to use their family name to show respect. For example, you might say, “Hello, Mr. Green”, or you might say “Hello, sir”, if you don’t know the person’s name. If you meet friends, you could use “Hi, mate” and “Alright, buddy”. 3 . For example, people may say “Wow, I like your hair today” or “Hey, your dress is very beautiful”. A good conversation will go on. In China, greetings often reflect politeness and respect. When people meet for the first time, they usually greet each other with a warm smile. In more formal situations, people often shake hands to greet each other. Moreover, the choice of the words is carefully considered during greetings. 4 . 5 . In China, if two elderly people meet at a time close to the mealtime, one often asks the other one “Have you eaten?” If they meet at other time, “Are you busy lately?” is often asked. Understanding these customs helps in cross-cultural communication. A．Younger people might greet elders with “nin hao” instead of “ni”. B．They might think the question needs a serious answer. C．It is also common to use compliments (赞美) when you greet each other. D．People greet different people in different ways. E．In traditional greetings, people give more attention to daily life. F．And people usually answer with “Not much” or “Nothing”. 长难句解析 原句：This can be confusing for people from other countries. 译文：这对于来自其他国家的人来说可能会令人困惑。 分析：本句是主系表结构。This是主语，指代前文提到的“Hi, how are you?”这种打招呼方式；can be是系动词；confusing是表语；for people from other countries是状语，其中from other countries是后置定语，修饰people。 原句：If you are greeting someone older than you, it’s polite to use their family name to show respect. 译文：如果你正在和比你年长的人打招呼，使用他们的姓氏来表示尊重是有礼貌的。 分析：本句是复合句，包含一个if引导的条件状语从句和一个主句。If you are greeting someone older than you是条件状语从句，其中you是从句主语，are greeting是谓语，someone是宾语，older than you是后置定语，修饰someone；it’s polite to use their family name to show respect是主句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是to use their family name to show respect，is是系动词，polite是表语。 译文 在美国，和人打招呼常常以“嗨，你好吗？”开场。这可能会让其他国家的人感到困惑。其实，美国人这么问往往只是出于友好。大多数人都希望对方能快速回应，比如“我很好，谢谢，你呢？”或者“我不错，谢谢！”然后再接着聊别的。 称呼他人时要注意选择合适的用词。如果你要和比自己年长的人打招呼，使用他们的姓氏会显得比较礼貌，以表尊重。比如，你可以说“你好，格林先生”；要是你不知道对方的姓氏，也可以说“你好，先生”。要是遇到朋友，你可以用“嗨，伙计”或者“嘿，哥们儿”。 美国人还喜欢在打招呼时赞美对方。比如，他们可能会说“哇，我喜欢你今天的发型”或者“嘿，你这条裙子真漂亮”。这样一来，愉快的交谈就开始了。 在中国，打招呼往往体现出礼貌和尊重。人们初次见面时，通常会热情地微笑致意。在比较正式的场合，人们常常会握手问好。此外，打招呼时用词也很讲究。人们会根据对方的身份和场合选择合适的问候语。 中国人打招呼时还会关心对方的生活。在中国，如果两位老人在饭点前后碰面，其中一位常常会问另一位“你吃了吗？”要是在其他时间碰面，常常会问“你最近忙吗？” 了解这些习俗有助于跨文化交流。 Passage B（英国餐桌礼仪的具体规范展开，旨在介绍当地的饮食文化和社交习惯。） Different countries have different ideas about manners—how you behave when you are eating. In England, table manners is important. Good table manners in England is as follows: How to sit: You should sit up straight in your chair. It is not a good idea to lean (倾斜) forwards or backwards. When you eat, you should not lean towards the plate, but bring the knife, fork or spoon towards you. At the same time, do not put your elbow on the table, nor reach over someone’s plate for something. Using your finger: English people normally don’t pick food up with their fingers when they are eating main courses. If you are not sure, the safest is to use your knife or fork. There are, however, some foods that are usually eaten with fingers. They include pizza, sandwiches, burgers, crisps and fruits. Your mouth: It is not polite to talk with your mouth full of food, or to eat with your mouth open. And if possible, do not make any noises. Never lick (舔) your plate after eating. How much to eat: It is possible to eat food that you have been offered, so a clear plate is a good plate. It shows that you enjoyed the food. If you can’t finish everything and you need to leave a little, that’s also okay. You could say something like "That was very nice, thank you, but I’m just too full to eat another bite". 阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。 1．How should you sit when you are eating in England? A．You should lean backwards. B．You should lean forwards. C．You should sit up straight in your chair. D．You should lean against the chair. 2．What food do Englishmen eat with their fingers? A．Beef. B．Pizza C．Chicken. D．Mutton. 3．What is good table manners in England? A．Reach over someone’s plate for something. B．Lick your plate after eating. C．Put your elbows on the table. D．Eat an orange with fingers. 4．What can we infer (推断) according to the passage? A．Eating with the mouth closed is good manners. B．We mustn’t leave anything on the plate at any time. C．Saying sorry means we are full. D．Making noises is polite when eating. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The differences between England and China. B．Good table manners in England. C．The importance of table manners. D．What are good manners? 长难句解析 原句： When you eat, you should not lean towards the plate, but bring the knife, fork or spoon towards you. 译文：当你吃饭时，你不应该朝盘子倾斜身体，而应该把刀、叉或勺子拿到你这边来。 分析：本句包含一个时间状语从句。When you eat是时间状语从句，其中when是引导词，you是从句主语，eat是谓语；主句中you是主语，should not lean和 should bring是并列谓语结构，构成“not...but...”的结构，意为“不是……而是……”。 原句：It is possible to eat food that you have been offered, so a clear plate is a good plate. 译文：把提供给你的食物吃完是可行的，所以餐盘吃得干干净净是件好事。 分析：本句是一个并列复合句，由so连接两个分句。前一个分句中It是形式主语，真正的主语是to eat food that you have been offered，其中that you have been offered是定语从句，修饰先行词food；后一个分句中a clear plate是主语，is是系动词，a good plate是表语。 译文 不同国家对于用餐礼仪——即用餐时的行为举止——有着不同的观念。在英国，餐桌礼仪十分重要。以下是英国良好的餐桌礼仪： 坐姿：你应该在椅子上坐直。向前或向后倾斜可不是个好主意。用餐时，你不应该探身去够盘子，而应将刀、叉或勺子拿到自己面前。同时，不要把肘部放在桌子上，也不要越过别人的盘子去拿东西。 使用手指：英国人在吃主菜时通常不会用手指拿食物。如果你不确定，最保险的做法是使用刀或叉。不过，有些食物通常是用手指拿着吃的，包括披萨、三明治、汉堡、薯片和水果。 嘴巴：满嘴食物说话或张着嘴吃东西是不礼貌的。如果可能的话，不要发出任何声音。吃完后绝不要舔盘子。 食量：尽量吃完别人给你提供的食物，所以餐盘干净是件好事，这表明你喜欢这些食物。如果你吃不完，剩下一点也没关系。你可以说“这太好吃了，谢谢，但我实在太撑了，吃不下了”之类的话。 话题写作佳句积累 1.When in Rome,do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 2.Each country has different rules about social situations.每个国家都有不同的社交规则。 3.You are supposed to smile at others,say hello or shake hands as a greeting. 你应该对别人微笑，说你好或者握手作为问候。 4.When we see each other,we are expected to shake hands instead of kissing or hugging.当我们彼此相见时，我们被期待握手而不是亲吻或者拥抱。 5.Besides,if you are invited to attend a party,remember to arrive at the party on time,or a few minutes earlier.此外，如果你被邀请参加派对，记得准时到或者提前几分钟到。 6.To start with,it’s impolite to point at anyone with your chopsticks or make noise while eating.首先，吃饭的时候，用筷子指着任何人或者发出噪音都是无礼的。 7.Another custom is that you are not advised to start eating first if there are older people at the table.另外一个习俗就是。如果餐桌旁有长辈，不能先动筷子。 8.When it comes to giving gifts,never give a clock or a watch to your friends as a present,because it means“death”in Chinese. 谈及赠送礼物，绝对不要把时钟或手表作为礼物送给你朋友,在汉语里,它意味着“死亡”。 9.In addition,when given a gift,it’s best to accept it with your both hands and express thanks.此外，当别人给你礼物时，最好双手接过礼物并感谢。 10.Please feel free to ask for more about Chinese customs and manners. 请随意询问更多关于中国风俗和礼仪方面的东西。 11.Respecting the old and taking care of the young is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. 尊老爱幼是中华民族的传统美德。 实战演练 真题示例 Passage1 （2024·四川凉山·中考真题）补全短文  根据短文内容，从短文后方框中的A-F选项中，选出适当的选项补全短文，并涂在答题卡上相应的位置。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Different countries have different manners about social situations. In Mexico, people shake hands when they meet for the first time. In Brazil, people sometimes kiss. In Korea, people usually bow. Do you know Chinese fist and palm salute (拱手礼)? It is one of classic greeting manners in China. 1 The occasions of making fist and palm salute For centuries, China has been known as a “Liyi Zhibang”. Nowadays, Chinese usually shake hands when meeting others, but sometimes they also make fist and palm salute. 2 People make fist and palm salute when they visit someone during the Spring Festival or attend someone’s wedding ceremony, birthday party and so on. The history of fist and palm salute 3 It stated in West Zhou Dynasty. If people met strangers, they would prepare for a fight if necessary, and hands were always ready for holding weapons (武器). Holding hands together pointed to themselves was a meaning of expressing kindness. Later it became one of traditional Chinese manners when meeting each other. 4 How do you make fist and palm salute properly? First, stand at attention. Then, if you are a man, right-hand half-fist, and then left-hand hold the right-hand in front of your chest. For a woman, left-hand half-fist, then right-hand put the left-hand on the top. Next, watch each other, raise both hands to brow (额头) and bend down. 5 Also, you could say some lucky greeting words to each other for three times. A．Now let’s learn more about it. B．The way to make fist and palm salute C．When and where do people use it? D．It is often widely used among western countries. E．Finally, shake hands towards each other for three times. F．Fist and palm salute has a history of more than 3000 years. Passage 2 （2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题）阅读下面短文, 从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 Each culture has its special ways of greeting people. Let’s take a look. The US People in the US often shake hands with people they have just met. How the handshake began is uncertain, but most would agree that it is quite a good way to greet each other. In the past, the shaking of the right hand showed that the person was not carrying anything dangerous. But today, things are different. According to China Daily, many American people now greet each other with their elbows（肘部）. With only a little touch, the elbow greeting makes the hands free, which is good news. France France is famous for its special greeting ways. They touch others’ faces and make a kissing sound. For them, it tells others, “We trust and care about each other.” However, as the virus has spread all over the world, this greeting is now banned in the country. Newspapers are filled with advice on how to take the place of the famous French kiss on the face. India Most people in India perform a namaskar（合十礼）as a greeting. People need to place their hands together with a bow（鞠躬）. But some young people’s greeting habits have changed because of their experiences of studying abroad. They like to offer a handshake and a kiss today. In March, the Prime Minister called on his people to use only the namaskar at this special time. 1．It’s clear that ________ according to the greetings in the US. A．how the handshake began B．handshake used to be a good way to greet people C．shaking hands is better than greeting with elbows 2．What does the underlined word “banned” probably mean? A．Encouraged. B．Stopped. C．Welcomed. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The new way of French greeting shows less trust and care. B．No one calls on French to change the traditional ways of greetings. C．In the past, the shaking of the hands meant the person was friendly. 4．Some Indians with experiences of studying abroad like to ________. A．shake hands or offer a kiss B．greet each other with elbows C．place their hands together with a bow 5．Why do people change their ways of greetings in the article? A．To keep the epidemic（流行病）from spreading. B．To better understand another culture. C．To show they trust and care about each other. 模拟演练 Passage 1 China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people are among the most hospitable (好客的) people 1 the world. If 2 visit a Chinese family, they will be 3 at the warmth that they will receive as guests. When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you and 4 you snacks like biscuits or candies. Someone in the family will also talk with you to make you not feel 5 . At the same time, other family members will be busy 6 a meal for you. Chinese people treat their guests 7 a big meal. They always prepare more food than the guests can eat. On the table, the guests must be the 8 to eat. Perhaps one of the things that surprises a(n) 9 guest most is that the Chinese host likes to pick food for guests, which won’t happen at western tables. The Chinese family go out of their 10 to make you feel at home. As you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have 11 .” You tell them you are full, 12 they still put more food in your bowl. 13 warm and hospitable has been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius (孔子) said thousands of 14 ago: To meet friends from a place far away, how 15 we are! 1．A．over B．in C．during D．of 2．A．customers B．historians C．foreigners D．masters 3．A．surprised B．interested C．relaxed D．excited 4．A．lays B．packs C．steals D．serves 5．A．lonely B．alone C．happy D．awful 6．A．supporting B．preparing C．giving D．processing 7．A．with B．as C．for D．of 8．A．first B．second C．third D．last 9．A．eastern B．southern C．northern D．western 10．A．way B．road C．idea D．advice 11．A．more B．less C．fewer D．worse 12．A．although B．but C．because D．so 13．A．Making B．Inventing C．Being D．Giving 14．A．days B．months C．centuries D．years 15．A．happy B．sad C．afraid D．scared Passage 2 Different countries have different customs about gifts. As an exchange student (交换生) studying in China, I’ve known more interesting differences from my country, the UK. For example, people often give fruits and milk to their friends and relatives in China. In my country, they are usually for patients in hospitals. More western people open their gifts at once, although not in places like Germany. It’s also important to take off the price tag (标签) before giving the gift. What will you do if you don’t like your gift? In Spain, in order not to hurt the person’s feelings, you still need to say you love the gift. But if there is the receipt (收据) inside the gift, that means you can change it for something else. Please remember: The thought is more valuable than the size or the price of the gift. 16．Where does the exchange student come from? A．Spain. B．The UK. C．Germany. 17．What will German do when they receive a gift? A．They will not open it right away. B．They will take off the price tag. C．They will open it right away. 18．Although the Spanish don’t love the gift, why do they still say they love it? A．To give it to others. B．To care for the person’s feelings. C．To change it for something else. 19．According to the passage, what is the most valuable of a gift? A．The size. B．The price. C．The thought. 20．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Different Gift Customs. B．An Exchange Student’s Life. C．An Expensive Gift. Passage 3 Different countries have different manners (礼仪) about social situations. In Mexico, people shake hands when they meet for the first time. In Brazil, people sometimes kiss. In Korea, people usually bow. Do you know Chinese fist and palm salute (拱手礼)? It is one of classic greeting manners in China. 21 The occasions of making fist and palm salute For centuries, China has been known as a “Liyi Zhibang”. Nowadays, Chinese usually shake hands when meeting others, but sometimes they also make fist and palm salute. 22 People make fist and palm salute when they visit someone during the Spring Festival or attend someone’s wedding ceremony, birthday party and so on. The history of fist and palm salute 23 It stated in West Zhou Dynasty. If people met strangers, they would prepare for a fight if necessary, and hands were always ready for holding weapons (武器). Holding hands together pointed to themselves was a meaning of expressing kindness. Later it became one of traditional Chinese manners when meeting each other. 24     How do you make fist and palm salute properly? First, stand at attention. Then, if you are a man,right-hand half-fist, and then left-hand hold the right-hand in front of your chest. For a woman, left-hand half-fist, then right-hand put the left-hand on the top. Next, watch each other, raise both hands to brow(额头) and bend down. 25 Also, you could say some lucky greeting words to each other for three times. A．Now let’s learn more about it. B．The way to make fist and palm salute C．When and where do people use it? D．It is often widely used among western countries. E．Finally, shake hands towards each other for three times. F．Fist and palm salute has a history of more than 3,000 years. Passage 4 Different countries have different ideas 26 table manners—how you behave when you are eating. In Britain, table manners are important. Good table manners in Britain are as follows: How to sit You should sit up straight in your chair. It is not 27 good idea to lean (倾斜) forwards or backwards. When you eat, you should not learn towards the plate, but 28 (bring) the knife, fork or spoon towards you. 29 the same time, do not put your elbows on the table or reach over someone’s plate for something. Using your fingers British people 30 (normal) don’t pick up food with their fingers when they are eating main courses. If you are not sure, the safest way is to use your knife or fork. There are, however, some foods that are usually 31 (eat) with fingers. They include pizza, sandwiches, burgers, crisps and fruits. Your mouth It is not polite 32 (talk) with your mouth full of food, or to eat with your mouth open. And if possible, do not make any noise. Never lick (舔) your plate 33 eating. How much to eat It is polite to eat up the food that you have been offered so a clear plate is a good plate. It shows that you enjoy the food. If you can’t finish something and you need 34 (leave) a little, that’s also okay. You could say something like “Thank you! It is very nice, 35 I’m just too full to eat another bite.” 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 You’re supposed to shake hands. 礼仪与风俗 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读还原 记叙文 226 介绍美国人的问候方式和习惯。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 459 围绕英国餐桌礼仪的具体规范展开，旨在介绍当地的饮食文化和社交习惯。 真题示例 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 314 介绍中国的拱手礼。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 442 介绍不同文化中的打招呼方式。 模拟演练 Passage1 完形填空 记叙文 240 介绍作为礼仪之邦的中国在待客与就餐方面的一些礼仪和风俗。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 301 对比中西方在礼物习俗上的文化差异 Passage3 阅读还原 说明文 316 介绍中国传统礼仪拱手礼，包括其使用场合、历史以及正确行礼方式等内容。 Passage4 语法填空 说明文 253 介绍了英国的餐桌礼仪，包括如何坐姿端正、用餐时如何使用手和餐具、用餐时的言谈举止以及如何对待食物剩余等方面的规范。 时文阅读 话题谚语小知识 1. Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 2. Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 3. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 4. Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 5. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情 。 6. All good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的筵席 。 7. "After you" is good manners. “您先请”是礼貌 。 8. A constant guest is never welcome. 常客令人厌 。 9. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人 。 10. Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。 时文阅读 Passage A（介绍美国人的问候方式和习惯。） In the US, greeting someone often starts with “Hi, how are you?” This can be confusing (令人困惑) for people from other countries. 1 . In fact, people in the US often just want to be friendly. Most people expect a quick answer like “I’m fine, thanks, and you?” or “I'm good, thanks!” before moving on. 2 . If you are greeting someone older than you, it’s polite to use their family name to show respect. For example, you might say, “Hello, Mr. Green”, or you might say “Hello, sir”, if you don’t know the person’s name. If you meet friends, you could use “Hi, mate” and “Alright, buddy”. 3 . For example, people may say “Wow, I like your hair today” or “Hey, your dress is very beautiful”. A good conversation will go on. In China, greetings often reflect politeness and respect. When people meet for the first time, they usually greet each other with a warm smile. In more formal situations, people often shake hands to greet each other. Moreover, the choice of the words is carefully considered during greetings. 4 . 5 . In China, if two elderly people meet at a time close to the mealtime, one often asks the other one “Have you eaten?” If they meet at other time, “Are you busy lately?” is often asked. Understanding these customs helps in cross-cultural communication. A．Younger people might greet elders with “nin hao” instead of “ni”. B．They might think the question needs a serious answer. C．It is also common to use compliments (赞美) when you greet each other. D．People greet different people in different ways. E．In traditional greetings, people give more attention to daily life. F．And people usually answer with “Not much” or “Nothing”. 长难句解析 原句：This can be confusing for people from other countries. 译文：这对于来自其他国家的人来说可能会令人困惑。 分析：本句是主系表结构。This是主语，指代前文提到的“Hi, how are you?”这种打招呼方式；can be是系动词；confusing是表语；for people from other countries是状语，其中from other countries是后置定语，修饰people。 原句：If you are greeting someone older than you, it’s polite to use their family name to show respect. 译文：如果你正在和比你年长的人打招呼，使用他们的姓氏来表示尊重是有礼貌的。 分析：本句是复合句，包含一个if引导的条件状语从句和一个主句。If you are greeting someone older than you是条件状语从句，其中you是从句主语，are greeting是谓语，someone是宾语，older than you是后置定语，修饰someone；it’s polite to use their family name to show respect是主句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是to use their family name to show respect，is是系动词，polite是表语。 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国人的问候方式和习惯。 1．细节推理题。根据“In the US, greeting someone often starts with ‘Hi, how are you?’”可知，此句提到了问候语，所以，选项B“他们可能认为这个问题需要一个严肃的答案。”符合语境。故选B。 2．细节推理题。根据“If you are greeting someone older than you, it’s polite to use their family name to show respect.”可知，如果问候年长的人，用他们的姓氏表示尊重是有礼貌的，所以，此句提到了问候别人，选项D“人们用不同的方式问候不同的人。”符合语境。故选D。 3．细节推理题。根据“For example, people may say ‘Wow, I like your hair today’ or ‘Hey, your dress is very beautiful’”可知，此句提到了如何问候别人，选项C“当你们互相问候时，使用赞美也很常见。”符合语境。故选C。 4．细节推理题。根据“Moreover, the choice of the words is carefully considered during greetings.”可知，此句提到了问候语的用词，选项A“年轻人可能会用‘您好’而不是‘您’来问候长辈。”符合语境。故选A。 5．细节推理题。根据“In China, if two elderly people meet at a time close to the mealtime, one often asks the other one ‘Have you eaten?’”可知，在中国，如果两个老人在接近用餐时间的时候见面，一个经常问另一个“你吃了吗？”，由此可知，此句提到了问候语， 选项E“在传统的问候语中，人们更多地关注日常生活。”符合 语境。故选E。 译文 在美国，和人打招呼常常以“嗨，你好吗？”开场。这可能会让其他国家的人感到困惑。其实，美国人这么问往往只是出于友好。大多数人都希望对方能快速回应，比如“我很好，谢谢，你呢？”或者“我不错，谢谢！”然后再接着聊别的。 称呼他人时要注意选择合适的用词。如果你要和比自己年长的人打招呼，使用他们的姓氏会显得比较礼貌，以表尊重。比如，你可以说“你好，格林先生”；要是你不知道对方的姓氏，也可以说“你好，先生”。要是遇到朋友，你可以用“嗨，伙计”或者“嘿，哥们儿”。 美国人还喜欢在打招呼时赞美对方。比如，他们可能会说“哇，我喜欢你今天的发型”或者“嘿，你这条裙子真漂亮”。这样一来，愉快的交谈就开始了。 在中国，打招呼往往体现出礼貌和尊重。人们初次见面时，通常会热情地微笑致意。在比较正式的场合，人们常常会握手问好。此外，打招呼时用词也很讲究。人们会根据对方的身份和场合选择合适的问候语。 中国人打招呼时还会关心对方的生活。在中国，如果两位老人在饭点前后碰面，其中一位常常会问另一位“你吃了吗？”要是在其他时间碰面，常常会问“你最近忙吗？” 了解这些习俗有助于跨文化交流。 Passage B（英国餐桌礼仪的具体规范展开，旨在介绍当地的饮食文化和社交习惯。） Different countries have different ideas about manners—how you behave when you are eating. In England, table manners is important. Good table manners in England is as follows: How to sit: You should sit up straight in your chair. It is not a good idea to lean (倾斜) forwards or backwards. When you eat, you should not lean towards the plate, but bring the knife, fork or spoon towards you. At the same time, do not put your elbow on the table, nor reach over someone’s plate for something. Using your finger: English people normally don’t pick food up with their fingers when they are eating main courses. If you are not sure, the safest is to use your knife or fork. There are, however, some foods that are usually eaten with fingers. They include pizza, sandwiches, burgers, crisps and fruits. Your mouth: It is not polite to talk with your mouth full of food, or to eat with your mouth open. And if possible, do not make any noises. Never lick (舔) your plate after eating. How much to eat: It is possible to eat food that you have been offered, so a clear plate is a good plate. It shows that you enjoyed the food. If you can’t finish everything and you need to leave a little, that’s also okay. You could say something like "That was very nice, thank you, but I’m just too full to eat another bite". 阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。 1．How should you sit when you are eating in England? A．You should lean backwards. B．You should lean forwards. C．You should sit up straight in your chair. D．You should lean against the chair. 2．What food do Englishmen eat with their fingers? A．Beef. B．Pizza C．Chicken. D．Mutton. 3．What is good table manners in England? A．Reach over someone’s plate for something. B．Lick your plate after eating. C．Put your elbows on the table. D．Eat an orange with fingers. 4．What can we infer (推断) according to the passage? A．Eating with the mouth closed is good manners. B．We mustn’t leave anything on the plate at any time. C．Saying sorry means we are full. D．Making noises is polite when eating. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The differences between England and China. B．Good table manners in England. C．The importance of table manners. D．What are good manners? 长难句解析 原句： When you eat, you should not lean towards the plate, but bring the knife, fork or spoon towards you. 译文：当你吃饭时，你不应该朝盘子倾斜身体，而应该把刀、叉或勺子拿到你这边来。 分析：本句包含一个时间状语从句。When you eat是时间状语从句，其中when是引导词，you是从句主语，eat是谓语；主句中you是主语，should not lean和 should bring是并列谓语结构，构成“not...but...”的结构，意为“不是……而是……”。 原句：It is possible to eat food that you have been offered, so a clear plate is a good plate. 译文：把提供给你的食物吃完是可行的，所以餐盘吃得干干净净是件好事。 分析：本句是一个并列复合句，由so连接两个分句。前一个分句中It是形式主语，真正的主语是to eat food that you have been offered，其中that you have been offered是定语从句，修饰先行词food；后一个分句中a clear plate是主语，is是系动词，a good plate是表语。 【导语】本文围绕英国餐桌礼仪的具体规范展开，旨在介绍当地的饮食文化和社交习惯。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“How to sit: You should sit up straight in your chair.”可知，应该在椅子上坐直。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“There are, however, some foods that are usually eaten with fingers. They include pizza, sandwiches, burgers, crisps and fruits.”可知，有一些食物通常是用手吃的。它们包括比萨饼、三明治、汉堡、薯片和水果。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“There are, however, some foods that are usually eaten with fingers. They include pizza, sandwiches, burgers, crisps and fruits.”可知，有一些食物通常是用手吃的。它们包括比萨饼、三明治、汉堡、薯片和水果。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Your mouth: It is not polite to talk with your mouth full of food, or to eat with your mouth open.”可知，满嘴食物时说话，或者张着嘴吃东西是不礼貌的。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Good table manners in England is as follows”可知，本文主要介绍了英国良好的餐桌礼仪。故选B。 译文 不同国家对于用餐礼仪——即用餐时的行为举止——有着不同的观念。在英国，餐桌礼仪十分重要。以下是英国良好的餐桌礼仪： 坐姿：你应该在椅子上坐直。向前或向后倾斜可不是个好主意。用餐时，你不应该探身去够盘子，而应将刀、叉或勺子拿到自己面前。同时，不要把肘部放在桌子上，也不要越过别人的盘子去拿东西。 使用手指：英国人在吃主菜时通常不会用手指拿食物。如果你不确定，最保险的做法是使用刀或叉。不过，有些食物通常是用手指拿着吃的，包括披萨、三明治、汉堡、薯片和水果。 嘴巴：满嘴食物说话或张着嘴吃东西是不礼貌的。如果可能的话，不要发出任何声音。吃完后绝不要舔盘子。 食量：尽量吃完别人给你提供的食物，所以餐盘干净是件好事，这表明你喜欢这些食物。如果你吃不完，剩下一点也没关系。你可以说“这太好吃了，谢谢，但我实在太撑了，吃不下了”之类的话。 话题写作佳句积累 1.When in Rome,do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 2.Each country has different rules about social situations.每个国家都有不同的社交规则。 3.You are supposed to smile at others,say hello or shake hands as a greeting. 你应该对别人微笑，说你好或者握手作为问候。 4.When we see each other,we are expected to shake hands instead of kissing or hugging.当我们彼此相见时，我们被期待握手而不是亲吻或者拥抱。 5.Besides,if you are invited to attend a party,remember to arrive at the party on time,or a few minutes earlier.此外，如果你被邀请参加派对，记得准时到或者提前几分钟到。 6.To start with,it’s impolite to point at anyone with your chopsticks or make noise while eating.首先，吃饭的时候，用筷子指着任何人或者发出噪音都是无礼的。 7.Another custom is that you are not advised to start eating first if there are older people at the table.另外一个习俗就是。如果餐桌旁有长辈，不能先动筷子。 8.When it comes to giving gifts,never give a clock or a watch to your friends as a present,because it means“death”in Chinese. 谈及赠送礼物，绝对不要把时钟或手表作为礼物送给你朋友,在汉语里,它意味着“死亡”。 9.In addition,when given a gift,it’s best to accept it with your both hands and express thanks.此外，当别人给你礼物时，最好双手接过礼物并感谢。 10.Please feel free to ask for more about Chinese customs and manners. 请随意询问更多关于中国风俗和礼仪方面的东西。 11.Respecting the old and taking care of the young is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. 尊老爱幼是中华民族的传统美德。 实战演练 真题示例 Passage1 （2024·四川凉山·中考真题）补全短文  根据短文内容，从短文后方框中的A-F选项中，选出适当的选项补全短文，并涂在答题卡上相应的位置。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Different countries have different manners about social situations. In Mexico, people shake hands when they meet for the first time. In Brazil, people sometimes kiss. In Korea, people usually bow. Do you know Chinese fist and palm salute (拱手礼)? It is one of classic greeting manners in China. 1 The occasions of making fist and palm salute For centuries, China has been known as a “Liyi Zhibang”. Nowadays, Chinese usually shake hands when meeting others, but sometimes they also make fist and palm salute. 2 People make fist and palm salute when they visit someone during the Spring Festival or attend someone’s wedding ceremony, birthday party and so on. The history of fist and palm salute 3 It stated in West Zhou Dynasty. If people met strangers, they would prepare for a fight if necessary, and hands were always ready for holding weapons (武器). Holding hands together pointed to themselves was a meaning of expressing kindness. Later it became one of traditional Chinese manners when meeting each other. 4 How do you make fist and palm salute properly? First, stand at attention. Then, if you are a man, right-hand half-fist, and then left-hand hold the right-hand in front of your chest. For a woman, left-hand half-fist, then right-hand put the left-hand on the top. Next, watch each other, raise both hands to brow (额头) and bend down. 5 Also, you could say some lucky greeting words to each other for three times. A．Now let’s learn more about it. B．The way to make fist and palm salute C．When and where do people use it? D．It is often widely used among western countries. E．Finally, shake hands towards each other for three times. F．Fist and palm salute has a history of more than 3000 years. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．F 4．B 5．E 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的拱手礼。 1．根据“It is one of classic greeting manners in China.”及下文的介绍可知，此处是一句承上启下的话，来介绍一些有关拱手礼的内容，A选项“现在让我们进一步了解它”符合，故选A。 2．根据“People make fist and palm salute when they visit someone during the Spring Festival or attend someone’s wedding ceremony, birthday party and so on”可知，此处提到了何时何地使用拱手礼，C选项“人们在何时何地使用它”符合，故选C。 3．根据“It stated in West Zhou Dynasty.”可知，介绍拱手礼的历史，F选项“拱手礼已有3000多年的历史”符合，故选F。 4．根据“How do you make fist and palm salute properly”可知，介绍使用拱手礼的正确方式，B选项“拱手礼的方式”符合，故选B。 5．根据“ First…Next”可知，此处应提到最后怎么做，E选项“最后，互相握手三次”符合，故选E。 Passage 2 （2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题）阅读下面短文, 从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 Each culture has its special ways of greeting people. Let’s take a look. The US People in the US often shake hands with people they have just met. How the handshake began is uncertain, but most would agree that it is quite a good way to greet each other. In the past, the shaking of the right hand showed that the person was not carrying anything dangerous. But today, things are different. According to China Daily, many American people now greet each other with their elbows（肘部）. With only a little touch, the elbow greeting makes the hands free, which is good news. France France is famous for its special greeting ways. They touch others’ faces and make a kissing sound. For them, it tells others, “We trust and care about each other.” However, as the virus has spread all over the world, this greeting is now banned in the country. Newspapers are filled with advice on how to take the place of the famous French kiss on the face. India Most people in India perform a namaskar（合十礼）as a greeting. People need to place their hands together with a bow（鞠躬）. But some young people’s greeting habits have changed because of their experiences of studying abroad. They like to offer a handshake and a kiss today. In March, the Prime Minister called on his people to use only the namaskar at this special time. 1．It’s clear that ________ according to the greetings in the US. A．how the handshake began B．handshake used to be a good way to greet people C．shaking hands is better than greeting with elbows 2．What does the underlined word “banned” probably mean? A．Encouraged. B．Stopped. C．Welcomed. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The new way of French greeting shows less trust and care. B．No one calls on French to change the traditional ways of greetings. C．In the past, the shaking of the hands meant the person was friendly. 4．Some Indians with experiences of studying abroad like to ________. A．shake hands or offer a kiss B．greet each other with elbows C．place their hands together with a bow 5．Why do people change their ways of greetings in the article? A．To keep the epidemic（流行病）from spreading. B．To better understand another culture. C．To show they trust and care about each other. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了不同文化中的打招呼方式。 1．细节理解题。根据“but most would agree that it is quite a good way to greet each other.”可知握手曾经是问候别人的好方法。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“However, as the virus has spread all over the world, this greeting is now banned in the country”可知随着病毒在世界各地传播，这种问候现在在该国被禁止，故此处划线部分和stopped意义相近。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“In the past, the shaking of the right hand showed that the person was not carrying anything dangerous.”可知过去，右手的抖动表明此人没有携带任何危险物品，由此表示他很友好。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“But some young people’s greeting habits have changed because of their experiences of studying abroad. They like to offer a handshake and a kiss today”可知一些年轻人的问候习惯已经因为出国留学的经历而改变了，他们如今喜欢握手和亲吻。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“However, as the virus has spread all over the world, this greeting is now banned in the country”可知是为了阻止流行病的传播，所以改变了一些打招呼的方式。故选A。 模拟演练 Passage 1 China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people are among the most hospitable (好客的) people 1 the world. If 2 visit a Chinese family, they will be 3 at the warmth that they will receive as guests. When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you and 4 you snacks like biscuits or candies. Someone in the family will also talk with you to make you not feel 5 . At the same time, other family members will be busy 6 a meal for you. Chinese people treat their guests 7 a big meal. They always prepare more food than the guests can eat. On the table, the guests must be the 8 to eat. Perhaps one of the things that surprises a(n) 9 guest most is that the Chinese host likes to pick food for guests, which won’t happen at western tables. The Chinese family go out of their 10 to make you feel at home. As you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have 11 .” You tell them you are full, 12 they still put more food in your bowl. 13 warm and hospitable has been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius (孔子) said thousands of 14 ago: To meet friends from a place far away, how 15 we are! 1．A．over B．in C．during D．of 2．A．customers B．historians C．foreigners D．masters 3．A．surprised B．interested C．relaxed D．excited 4．A．lays B．packs C．steals D．serves 5．A．lonely B．alone C．happy D．awful 6．A．supporting B．preparing C．giving D．processing 7．A．with B．as C．for D．of 8．A．first B．second C．third D．last 9．A．eastern B．southern C．northern D．western 10．A．way B．road C．idea D．advice 11．A．more B．less C．fewer D．worse 12．A．although B．but C．because D．so 13．A．Making B．Inventing C．Being D．Giving 14．A．days B．months C．centuries D．years 15．A．happy B．sad C．afraid D．scared 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．A 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文介绍了作为礼仪之邦的中国在待客与就餐方面的一些礼仪和风俗。 1．句意：中国人民是世界上最好客的人民之一。 over超过；in在里面；during在……期间；of……的。in the world表示“在世界上”。故选B。 2．句意：如果外国人拜访一个中国家庭，他们会对自己作为客人所受到的热情感到惊讶。 customers顾客；historians历史学家；foreigners外国人；masters大师。根据“If...visit a Chinese family”可知，中国家庭对应的应该是外国人。故选C。 3．句意：如果外国人拜访一个中国家庭，他们会对自己作为客人所受到的热情感到惊讶。 surprised惊讶的；interested感兴趣的；relaxed放松的；excited兴奋的。根据“they will be...at the warmth that they will receive as guests”可知，本句表示外国人对自己作为客人所受到的热情感到惊讶，surprised at表示“对……感到惊讶”。故选A。 4．句意：当你到中国人家里做客时，主人通常会为你沏茶，并给你饼干或糖果等小吃。 lays放下；packs打包；steals偷；serves提供。根据“the host usually makes tea for you and...you snacks like biscuits or candies”可知，本句表示为你提供小吃，serve sb sth表示“为某人提供某物”。故选D。 5．句意：家里也会有人陪你说话，让你不觉得孤单。 lonely孤单的；alone独自的；happy高兴的；awful可怕的。根据“Someone in the family will also talk with you to make you not feel...”可知，陪你说话的目的是不让你感到孤单。故选A。 6．句意：与此同时，其他家庭成员也会忙着为你准备一顿饭。 supporting支持；preparing准备；giving给；processing加工。根据“other family members will be busy...a meal for you”可知，本句表示其他家庭成员忙着准备饭菜，prepare sth for sb表示“为某人准备某物”。故选B。 7．句意：中国人用一顿大餐来招待客人。 with用；as作为；for为了；of……的。短语treat sb with sth表示“用……方式招待某人”。故选A。 8．句意：餐桌上，客人一定是第一个吃的。 first第一的；second第二的；third第三的；last最后的。根据“the guests must be the...to eat”及常识可知，中国的餐桌礼仪是让客人先吃。故选A。 9．句意：也许最让西方客人感到惊讶的一件事是，中国主人喜欢为客人挑选食物，这在西方餐桌上是不会发生的。 eastern东方的；southern南方的；northern北方的；western西方的。根据“which won’t happen at western tables”可知，本句表示让西方客人感到惊讶的事。故选D。 10．句意：中国家庭想方设法让你感到宾至如归。 way方法；road路；idea想法；advice建议。go out of one’s way to do sth表示“想尽办法做某事”。故选A。 11．句意：你似乎没吃多少。请多吃一点。 more更多的；less更少的，修饰不可数名词；fewer更少的，修饰可数名词；worse更糟糕的。根据“It seems that you didn’t eat much.”可知，本句表示让客人多吃一点。故选A。 12．句意：你告诉他们你已经饱了，但他们仍然往你的碗里夹更多的食物。 although虽然；but但是；because因为；so所以。“they still put more food in your bowl”和“You tell them you are full”两句是转折关系，用but连接。故选B。 13．句意：热情好客是中国文化和传统的重要组成部分。 Making制作；Inventing发明；Being成为；Giving给。根据“warm and hospitable”可知，本空应用be动词。故选C。 14．句意：正如几千年前孔子所说：有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎！ days天；months月；centuries世纪；years年。根据“As Confucius said thousands of...ago”及常识可知，孔子是在几千年前。故选D。 15．句意：正如几千年前孔子所说：有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎！ happy高兴的；sad伤心的；afraid害怕的；scared害怕的。根据“To meet friends from a place far away”可知，见到来自远方的朋友，我们很高兴。故选A。 Passage 2 Different countries have different customs about gifts. As an exchange student (交换生) studying in China, I’ve known more interesting differences from my country, the UK. For example, people often give fruits and milk to their friends and relatives in China. In my country, they are usually for patients in hospitals. More western people open their gifts at once, although not in places like Germany. It’s also important to take off the price tag (标签) before giving the gift. What will you do if you don’t like your gift? In Spain, in order not to hurt the person’s feelings, you still need to say you love the gift. But if there is the receipt (收据) inside the gift, that means you can change it for something else. Please remember: The thought is more valuable than the size or the price of the gift. 16．Where does the exchange student come from? A．Spain. B．The UK. C．Germany. 17．What will German do when they receive a gift? A．They will not open it right away. B．They will take off the price tag. C．They will open it right away. 18．Although the Spanish don’t love the gift, why do they still say they love it? A．To give it to others. B．To care for the person’s feelings. C．To change it for something else. 19．According to the passage, what is the most valuable of a gift? A．The size. B．The price. C．The thought. 20．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Different Gift Customs. B．An Exchange Student’s Life. C．An Expensive Gift. 【答案】16．B 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．A 【导语】本文通过一位英国交换生的视角，对比了中西方在礼物习俗上的文化差异，包括礼物类型、拆礼物习惯及对待不喜欢礼物的处理方式等。 16．细节理解题。根据“As an exchange student (交换生)…from my country, the UK”可知，交换生来自英国。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据“More western people open their gifts at once, although not in places like Germany”可知，德国人收到礼物时不会立刻拆开。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据“In Spain, in order not to hurt the person’s feelings, you still need to say you love the gift.”可知，西班牙人是为了照顾对方感受才说喜欢礼物。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据“The thought is more valuable than the size or the price”可知，礼物的心意最重要。故选C。 20．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕各国礼物习俗差异展开，如中英礼物类型对比、德国/西班牙的不同习惯等，选项A“不同的礼物习俗”符合。故选A。 Passage 3 Different countries have different manners (礼仪) about social situations. In Mexico, people shake hands when they meet for the first time. In Brazil, people sometimes kiss. In Korea, people usually bow. Do you know Chinese fist and palm salute (拱手礼)? It is one of classic greeting manners in China. 21 The occasions of making fist and palm salute For centuries, China has been known as a “Liyi Zhibang”. Nowadays, Chinese usually shake hands when meeting others, but sometimes they also make fist and palm salute. 22 People make fist and palm salute when they visit someone during the Spring Festival or attend someone’s wedding ceremony, birthday party and so on. The history of fist and palm salute 23 It stated in West Zhou Dynasty. If people met strangers, they would prepare for a fight if necessary, and hands were always ready for holding weapons (武器). Holding hands together pointed to themselves was a meaning of expressing kindness. Later it became one of traditional Chinese manners when meeting each other. 24     How do you make fist and palm salute properly? First, stand at attention. Then, if you are a man,right-hand half-fist, and then left-hand hold the right-hand in front of your chest. For a woman, left-hand half-fist, then right-hand put the left-hand on the top. Next, watch each other, raise both hands to brow(额头) and bend down. 25 Also, you could say some lucky greeting words to each other for three times. A．Now let’s learn more about it. B．The way to make fist and palm salute C．When and where do people use it? D．It is often widely used among western countries. E．Finally, shake hands towards each other for three times. F．Fist and palm salute has a history of more than 3,000 years. 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．F 24．B 25．E 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统礼仪拱手礼，包括其使用场合、历史以及正确行礼方式等内容。 21．根据前文提到拱手礼是中国经典问候礼仪之一，后文开始介绍相关内容可知，这里需要一个引出下文对拱手礼更多介绍的句子。A选项“现在让我们更多地了解它。”符合语境，故选A。 22．根据前文“Chinese usually shake hands when meeting others, but sometimes they also make fist and palm salute”以及后文“People make fist and palm salute when they visit someone during the Spring Festival or attend someone’s wedding ceremony, birthday party and so on.”可知，这里在讲拱手礼的使用时间和场合。C选项“人们何时何地使用它？”符合语境，故选C。 23．根据小标题“The history of fist and palm salute”以及后文“It stated in West Zhou Dynasty.”可知，这里在讲拱手礼的历史。F选项“拱手礼已有3,000多年的历史。”符合语境，故选F。 24．根据后文“How do you make fist and palm salute properly?”可知，这里开始介绍拱手礼的行礼方式。B选项“拱手礼的行礼方式。”符合语境，故选B。 25．根据前文介绍拱手礼的行礼步骤以及后文“Also, you could say some lucky greeting words to each other for three times.”可知，这里还在继续讲行礼步骤。E选项“最后，互相握手三次。”符合语境，故选E。 Passage 4 Different countries have different ideas 26 table manners—how you behave when you are eating. In Britain, table manners are important. Good table manners in Britain are as follows: How to sit You should sit up straight in your chair. It is not 27 good idea to lean (倾斜) forwards or backwards. When you eat, you should not learn towards the plate, but 28 (bring) the knife, fork or spoon towards you. 29 the same time, do not put your elbows on the table or reach over someone’s plate for something. Using your fingers British people 30 (normal) don’t pick up food with their fingers when they are eating main courses. If you are not sure, the safest way is to use your knife or fork. There are, however, some foods that are usually 31 (eat) with fingers. They include pizza, sandwiches, burgers, crisps and fruits. Your mouth It is not polite 32 (talk) with your mouth full of food, or to eat with your mouth open. And if possible, do not make any noise. Never lick (舔) your plate 33 eating. How much to eat It is polite to eat up the food that you have been offered so a clear plate is a good plate. It shows that you enjoy the food. If you can’t finish something and you need 34 (leave) a little, that’s also okay. You could say something like “Thank you! It is very nice, 35 I’m just too full to eat another bite.” 【答案】 26．about 27．a 28．bring 29．At 30．normally 31．eaten 32．to talk 33．after 34．to leave 35．but 【导语】本文介绍了英国的餐桌礼仪，包括如何坐姿端正、用餐时如何使用手和餐具、用餐时的言谈举止以及如何对待食物剩余等方面的规范。 26．句意：不同的国家对餐桌礼仪——即你吃饭时的行为举止，有不同的看法。根据句意和句中“ideas”和“table manners”之间的关系，应填介词“about”，表示“关于……的想法”。故填about。 27．句意：向前或向后倾斜不是一个好主意。good idea“好主意”是可数名词短语，前面需要用冠词修饰。根据语法规则，主语是It，good以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。 28．句意：当你吃饭时，你不应该倾向盘子，而是应该把刀、叉或勺子带到自己面前。句中but连接并列结构，should not后跟动词原形，故空格处应填动词原形bring，与前面的learn形成对比，符合句意。故填bring。 29．句意：同时，不要把胳膊肘放在桌子上，也不要伸手越过别人的盘子去拿东西。at the same time是固定短语，表示“同时”，符合句意和语法要求，放在句首，首字母要大写。故填At。 30．句意：英国人在吃主菜时通常不会用手拿食物。空格处修饰动词短语“don’t pick up”，需用副词形式。normal是形容词，其副词形式为normally，表示“通常”，符合句意。故填normally。 31．句意：然而，有一些食物通常是用手吃的。空格处所在句子是被动语态，主语“some foods”与动词“eat”之间是被动关系，且句中有“are”，所以需要用过去分词形式“eaten”构成被动语态。故填eaten。 32．句意：满嘴食物时说话或者张着嘴吃东西是不礼貌的。此句中“It is not polite”后接动词不定式作真正主语，表示“不礼貌去做某事”。因此，动词“talk”需用不定式形式“to talk”。故填to talk。 33．句意：吃完后绝不要舔盘子。根据句意可知，“after”表示“在……之后”，符合语境。此处“after eating”意为“吃完之后”，为常见搭配。故填after。 34．句意：如果你不能吃完某样东西，而且需要留下一些，那也是可以的。空格处应填动词不定式“to leave”，因为“need”后面跟动词不定式，表示需要做某事。故填to leave。 35．句意：谢谢你！它很好吃，不过我实在太饱了，吃不下另一口了。此句中的“but”表示转折，前后内容存在对比：尽管食物很好吃，但因为已经吃饱了，所以无法再吃。符合语境的连词是“but”。故填but。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$