专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，江苏专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏宿迁泗阳·期中） Health is the most valuable thing one can possess. It is the foundation upon which we build our lives. Keeping good health involves more than just avoiding diseases; it’s about taking care of our bodies, minds, and spirits. A balanced diet is extremely important for good health. Our bodies need a variety of nutrients to function properly. Eating a wide range of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and proteins makes sure that we get the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients we need. Avoiding processed foods （预制食品）, excessive sugar, and unhealthy fats is also important. Regular physical activity is another key part of good health. Exercise strengthens our hearts, muscles and bones. It also improves our immune system, helping us fight off infections （感染） and diseases. Besides, physical activity can improve mood and reduce stress. Finding an activity that you enjoy and can stick with is important, whether it’s a walk, a jog or a bike ride. Mental health is equally important. Our minds need care and attention just like our bodies do. Practicing meditation （沉思） can help us reduce anxiety. Surrounding ourselves with positive people and engaging in activities bringing us joy can also improve our mental well-being. Getting enough sleep is of great importance for overall health. Sleep allows our bodies to repair and be full of energy. It also helps us consolidate memories and deal with information. Aiming for 7—9 hours of quality sleep per night is recommended for most adults. In conclusion, keeping good health is a multifaceted endeavor. By focusing on diet, exercise, mental well-being, and sleep, we can build a foundation for a healthy, happy life. 1．What can we know from Paragraph 2? A．Fruits and vegetables are beneficial to our health. B．Eating a certain nutrient can make our body work better. C．We can get nutrients only by eating fruits and vegetables. D．Processed foods as well as sugar and fat are of no value to us. 2．Which aspect of regular physical activity is mainly stressed in Paragraph 3? A．Its contents. B．Its types. C．Its functions. D．Its warnings. 3．How can we take care of our mental health? A．By asking experts for advice. B．By associating with positive people. C．By attending all sorts of physical activities. D．By devoting ourselves to our studying all the time. 4．What does the underlined word “consolidate” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Lose. B．Strengthen. C．Narrow. D．Exchange. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏扬州中学·期中） Adults are often ashamed to ask for help. Seeking someone’s help can make you feel like you are broadcasting your inability. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school for the same reason. Kayla Good, a graduate student at Stanford University, and Alex Shaw, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Chicago, applied a classic technique to learn more about how children think about reputation: Across several studies, they asked 576 children aged four to nine, to predict the behavior of two characters, Tom and Jack, in a story. Tom really wanted to be smart, and Jack only wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be more likely to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two characters as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought Jack would be less likely to ask for help. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature — they were specially thinking about how the characters would act in front of peers. They could still imagine situations where Jack would seek help: when it could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it. Given the findings, it seems quite possible that when children themselves are the ones struggling, they, too, might avoid seeking out help if they are concerned about reputation. If so, the unwillingness to seek help when others are present could clearly impede learning progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks, and ask questions. However, the situation can be difficult when someone is concerned about their impressions on others. 5．What were the children asked to predict about the two characters? A．Their likeliness to get help. B．Their possibility of seeking help. C．Their performance in a test. D．Their understanding of reputation. 6．Who was likely to seek private aid according to the eight-year-olds? A．Tom. B．Jack. C．Neither. D．Both. 7．What does the underlined word “impede” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Prevent B．Secure. C．Advance. D．Recover. 8．What is the author’s suggestion for kids? A．Be ready to help others. B．Make efforts to be smarter. C．Care less about reputation. D．Be brave to ask for help. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏淮安·期中） Note-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork — everything from taking tests to researching a paper. But unfortunately, most schools don’t have classes that teach you how to take notes. So here are some tips. Write down key facts. If you have a teacher who writes notes on the board, that’s good: You can copy them down. If not, write down the most important points from class. Does your history teacher mention the date of a key Civil War battle? Does your English teacher give examples of Shakespeare’s use of irony (讽刺)? Write them down! Different teachers do things differently. For example, some teachers may mention lots of dates and facts in class but only write the key ones on the board. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may repeat a certain date or a piece of information. After a while, you’ll get to know a teacher’s style. Don’t overdo it. Don’t go crazy taking notes. You’ll be frantic (慌乱的) if you try to write down every word that’s said in class. And if you focus too much on getting your notes right, you might miss important points. Some people actually learn better by listening, writing down a few key points, and then going over the material after class. Ask. Don’t be afraid to ask the teacher to repeat something you miss. If the teacher is going too fast, your classmates will also be happy to hear the information again. If you don’t want to ask in class, see your teacher afterwards. It’s much easier than wondering if you got the notes right as you study. Compare. Keep your notes handy when you’re doing your reading homework. Compare what you wrote with what the reading says — you may even want to add to your notes as you read. 9．What’s an advantage of note-taking according to the writer? A．It helps you to get good marks in tests. B．It’s a basic skill in researching a paper. C．It helps fix your mind on what the teacher says. D．It gives you a better understanding of key facts. 10．Why is Shakespeare mentioned in the passage? A．To introduce the topic of note-taking. B．To compare writing styles in different times. C．To give an example of forming good habits. D．To explain what a key fact is in a teacher’s class. 11．What is suggested in the third paragraph? A．Teachers encourage their students to be active in class. B．It’s helpful for teachers to learn from each other in styles. C．It’s not always possible to note down all information in class. D．A teacher’s style should be taken into consideration when taking notes. 12．What’s the writer’s opinion according to the passage? A．Students must try to take correct and detailed notes in class. B．Students should put down only key points while listening carefully. C．Students must not interrupt the teacher by asking questions in class. D．Students should put down as much information as possible in class. 主题02 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏镇江·期中） There never seems to be enough time to do everything you need to do. Make Time by Jake Knapp and John Zeratsky discusses how to focus on what matters every day. The book doesn’t just cover tasks you need to finish, but also includes tips to make time for activities you love, such as learning a new skill or spending time with family. It aims to help people regain time for the things that have value and meaning to them. Both authors once worked at Google —Jake helped develop products like Google Meet, while John worked on the design of YouTube Channels. Using their insider knowledge, they explain how technology can be addictive （使人上瘾的） and share tips on how to spend less time on social media. Their unique viewpoint comes from their work in highly productive environments, providing valuable tips for staying focused. Make Time offers practical advice on creating habits to improve energy, focus, and time. The book offers over 80 tips, making it possible for readers to find what works best for them. Jake’s and John’s different ways of time management provide readers with the freedom to test out different choices on the road to find what works for them. The book focuses on making small changes to mindset （思维模式）, environment, and habits to escape from the never-ending busyness. One standout method is the daily “highlight,” where you focus on a single task each day, changing between work-related and personal activities. While the book has its limitations （局限）, being written by authors with more control over their schedules than the average person, it still provides helpful advice. Many people may not have the same freedom over their time, especially those working long hours. However, for those with some flexibility, Make Time offers tools to help make the most of their time, focusing on meaningful activities and building productive habits. 13．What is the book aimed at? A．Guiding workers in learning new skills. B．Explaining the history of Google products. C．Promoting the use of technology in daily life. D．Helping readers get back time for meaningful things. 14．What makes the authors have unique viewpoints? A．Work experience at Google. B．More time spent on the Internet. C．Fear of productive environments. D．Advice from social media. 15．What does the book suggest readers do to manage busyness according to paragraph 4? A．Follow a strict daily schedule. B．Concentrate on one task per day. C．Stop doing work-related tasks. D．Change your habits greatly. 16．What limitation does the book have? A．It focuses on building productive habits. B．It offers no valuable suggestions. C．It is written by people with time flexibility. D．It provides a limited number of tips. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏宿迁青华中学·期中） The Olympics was held with great excitement. Wang Chuqin and Sun Yingsha, known as the “Shatou” pair, faced the dark horse pair from North Korea, Lee Jeong-sik and Kim Geum-yeong. At the beginning of the game, the North Korean pair showed strong attacking power. Lee Jeong-sik’s forehand attack was sharp and tricky. Kim Geum-yeong’s backhand long pimples rubber style was unique, and the rhythm and spin of her returns posed challenges to the “Shatou” pair. But the “Shatou” pair remained calm. Wang Chuqin’s backhand flick was very powerful, and Sun Yingsha’s advantages in the first three strokes were obvious. The scores of both sides rose alternately, and the game was extremely close. At the critical moment, the “Shatou” pair, with the tacit understanding formed through long-term training, solid technical skills and strong psychological quality, dared to play and fight. Finally, with the scores of 11 - 6, 7 - 11, 11 - 8, 11 - 5, 7 - 11, 11 - 8, they won 4:2 and won the gold medal. This victory was not easy. It fully demonstrated the fighting spirit and excellent skills of the “Shatou” pair, and also won honor for the Chinese table tennis team at this Olympics. Their excellent performance makes Chinese people proud. It is believed that they will create more glories in the future. 17．What was unique about Kim Geum-yeong’s playing style? A．Her forehand attack. B．Her backhand long pimples rubber style. C．Her powerful serves. D．Her fast footwork. 18．How did the “Shatou” pair deal with the challenges from the North Korean pair? A．They gave up easily. B．They got nervous and made many mistakes. C．They remained calm and showed their skills. D．They argued with each other. 19．What can we know from the passage? A．The game was not exciting. B．The “Shatou” pair won easily. C．The North Korean pair played very badly. D．The “Shatou” pair’s victory was not easy. 20．What did the “Shatou” pair’s performance make the Chinese people feel? A．Sad. B．Angry. C．Proud. D．Worried. 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏连云港东海·期中） The agricultural pests known as plant bugs （虫子） can be a farmer’ s worst enemy. A Costa Rican flower has turned them into friends, however, according to a new study. One kind of the so-called arum plant has developed to attract a kind of plant bug, helping them spread their pollen （花粉） far and wide. “This is a new finding for ecology and biology,” says Zong-Xin Ren, an evolutionary ecologist who did not join in the work. The finding came by accident. Florian Etl, a graduate student working with evolutionary biologist Jürg Schönenberger at the University of Vienna, was studying the role of beetles （甲虫） in pollinating plants. On that important night, Etl waited all night for arum plants to give out an evening sweet smell that attracts beetles. But it wasn’t beetles that were attracted—it was plant bugs. Eager to know why, Etl made a chemical analysis of the sweet smell. When Etl covered white paper cones （锥形物） with the chemical, the cones attracted large numbers of the plant bugs. Moreover, when Etl covered the arum plant’s natural flowers with a fine net to keep away from the plant bugs, no seeds were produced. “The change from being pollinated by a beetle to a plant bug is an amazing change,” says Regis Ferriere, a theoretical ecologist at the University of Arizona. “It’s not clear how this discovery could help farmers fight plant bugs. But the discovery conveys an important protection message,” Ollerton says. “Attempts to protect pollinators need to go beyond just ‘Save the Bees’ campaigns.” 21．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Farmers. B．Flowers. C．Plants. D．Bugs. 22．How did Florian Etl find the plant bugs? A．By studying the sweet smell. B．By studying the role of the beetles. C．By looking for the beetles. D．By working with Zong-Xin Ren. 23．What do we know about the plant bugs? A．They are attracted by the beetles. B．They can help the plants spread pollen. C．They are more active than beetles during the day. D．They make little difference to the flowers of the plant. 24．Which of the following can be used to describe the study? A．A bad thing never dies with time going. B．A fox may grow gray, but never good. C．A good beginning makes a good ending. D．Many things grow that were never sown in the garden. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡运河实验中学·期中） Xishuangbanna, one of the eight autonomous prefectures (自治州) in Southwest China’s Yunnan province, has made it to the list of Lonely Planet’s top 10 regions to visit in 2022. With the China-Laos railway scheduled to open on December 2, 2021, trips to Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture would be more accessible. Along with neighboring Myanmar and Laos, the exotic region is best known for dense tropical rainforest and distinct ethnic culture. A paradise for plants and animals Xishuangbanna boasts the most intact tropical ecosystem in China, which harbors a quarter of the country’s animal species and one sixth of plants. There are quite a few spots to get a glimpse of this animal and plant paradise, and Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) always comes first. XTBG, situated in the south of the province, is not only the country’s top level tourist attraction, but also a research institution affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Home to over 13,000 species of plants, it is one of the largest tropical botanical gardens in the country. The site is divided into two areas: one in the east, and the other in the west. The western area has 20 small botanical gardens that contain a wide variety of peculiar plants. The eastern area is three times bigger than the other, featuring dense tropical rainforests and giant waterfalls. If tropical plants are not enough, the Wild Elephant Valley would be a great option for animal lovers. The nature reserve is the only place in China to observe Asian elephants at close quarters and it shelters other rare wild animals, too. Dai ethnic culture The Dai ethnic group has lived in Xishuangbanna for centuries, accounting for around 30 percent of the region’s population. A visit to the tropical paradise would never be complete without experiencing the local culture. Manting Park is the oldest park in the region that dates back 1,300 years, which is also one of the main venues for the annual Water Splashing Festival (WSF), the most important traditional occasion for the Dai people to welcome the New Year. The festival usually falls in mid-April and involves three days of festive celebrations, including religious rituals, water splashing. boat racing and releasing sky lanterns. 25．What makes trips to Xishuangbanna easier? A．That Xishuangbanna is a paradise for plants and animals. B．That Xishuangbanna is one of the eight autonomous prefectures. C．That the China-Laos railway is scheduled to open on December 2, 2021. D．That Xishuangbanna features dense tropical rainforests and giant waterfalls. 26．Where is Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) located? A．In the south of Yunnan province. B．In the west of Yunnan province. C．In the east of Yunnan province. D．In the north of Yunnan province. 27．What can we learn about the annual Water Splashing Festival? A．Manting Park is the only venue for the annual WSF. B．Celebrating WSF is of great importance for Dai people. C．Only the Dai ethnic group can celebrate the annual WSF. D．A visit to XTBG would be perfect without experiencing the annual WSF. 28．The visitors can enjoy the following activities in the annual WSF except? A．Boat racing B．Releasing sky lanterns C．Water splashing D．Mountain climbing 主题04 人与社会——外国文化与节日 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡运河实验中学·期中） People in the UK spend their free time in different ways. They usually use it to relax. They spend a lot of their free time at home. The most popular activity is watching TV. People in the UK watch TV for about 25 hours a week. They often record programs so they can watch them later. Reading is also a popular way of spending free time. People in the UK spend a lot of time reading newspapers and magazines. Many people in the UK have pets. They like playing with their pets in their free time. In summer, gardening is popular. And families often have a“ day out” on the weekend. They often go to a festival or see a show. Young people like to go to clubs, and people of all ages like to go to the cinema. “Do-it-yourself” is popular when it is cold. People often spend their free time repairing houses. Some free time activities are with friends. Asking friends for a drink or a meal at home is the most usual one. Sometimes people and their friends have dinner in a restaurant. On the weekend, people in the UK like to spend their free time doing sports. The popular kinds of sports are soccer, horse racing, swimming, tennis, skating, climbing and hill walking. 29．What may be popular in winter in the UK? A．Gardening. B．Repairing houses. C．Going to a festival. D．Seeing a show. 30．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．People in the UK often record TV programs. B．People in the UK like to do sports in the morning. C．People of all ages in the UK like to go to clubs in summer. D．People in the UK often have a“day out”with their friends. 31．What is the most usual activity Englishmen have with their friends? A．Having a drink or meal at home B．Shopping together in the shopping mall C．Going for a trip to foreign countries D．Swimming in the ocean 32．What is the passage mainly about? A．How often do Englishmen do sports B．How Englishmen spend their weekends. C．What Englishmen do in their free time. D．Why Englishmen have a lot of free time. 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏扬州中学·期中） Adults are often ashamed to ask for help. Seeking someone’s help can make you feel like you are broadcasting your inability. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school for the same reason. Kayla Good, a graduate student at Stanford University, and Alex Shaw, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Chicago, applied a classic technique to learn more about how children think about reputation: Across several studies, they asked 576 children aged four to nine, to predict the behavior of two characters, Tom and Jack, in a story. Tom really wanted to be smart, and Jack only wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be more likely to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two characters as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought Jack would be less likely to ask for help. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature — they were specially thinking about how the characters would act in front of peers. They could still imagine situations where Jack would seek help: when it could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it. Given the findings, it seems quite possible that when children themselves are the ones struggling, they, too, might avoid seeking out help if they are concerned about reputation. If so, the unwillingness to seek help when others are present could clearly impede learning progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks, and ask questions. However, the situation can be difficult when someone is concerned about their impressions on others. 33．What were the children asked to predict about the two characters? A．Their likeliness to get help. B．Their possibility of seeking help. C．Their performance in a test. D．Their understanding of reputation. 34．Who was likely to seek private aid according to the eight-year-olds? A．Tom. B．Jack. C．Neither. D．Both. 35．What does the underlined word “impede” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Prevent B．Secure. C．Advance. D．Recover. 36．What is the author’s suggestion for kids? A．Be ready to help others. B．Make efforts to be smarter. C．Care less about reputation. D．Be brave to ask for help. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏淮安·期中） After the haircut It’s getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair’s journey is not over after the haircut. Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it’s cut off? Some farmers do! What comes up? Not wigs (假发), but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen (氮) that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. If you’ve got a wool sweater on, you’re wearing a sheep’s haircut. Sheep grow fine curly (弯曲的) fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don’t feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn’t catch fire easily. What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace (微量) of chemicals (化学物质) that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret — whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure, it’s not just for wigs any more. 37．In which part of a magazine can we probably read this passage? A．History. B．Fashion. C．Science. D．Health. 38．How does hair help plants to grow? A．It provides nitrogen. B．It breaks down soil. C．It takes in rainwater. D．It lets out a smell. 39．What does the underlined part “shear the sheep” mean? A．Give enough food to the sheep. B．Wash the sheep many times. C．Find living place for the sheep. D．Cut the wool off the sheep. 40．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Hair helps keep warm. B．Hair testing is important. C．Hair can tell secrets. D．Hair helps solve crimes. 主题01 人与社会——文化知识教育 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏苏州·期中） Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may seem. Teachers want to prepare students for a successful future. Technology companies have an interest in developing a workforce with the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) skills which are needed to grow the company and advance the industry. How can they work together to achieve these goals? Play may be the answer. Paying attention to STEM skills is important, but the reality is that STEM skills can be improved when they are mixed with traditional, hands-on creative activities. This mix is proving to be the best way to prepare today’s children to be the makers and builders of tomorrow. That is why technology-companies are partnering with educators to bring back good, old-fashioned play. In fact, many experts argue that the most important 21st-century skills aren’t related to specific technologies or subject matter, but to creativity （创造性）; skills like imagination, problem-finding and problem-solving, teamwork, patience and the ability to experiment and take risks. These are skills gamed when kids tinker （鼓捣小玩意）. High-tech industries such as NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory have found that their best well-rounded problem solvers were master tinkerers in their youth. There are cognitive （认知的） benefits of doing things the way we did as children—building something, tearing it down, then building it up again. Research shows that given 15 minutes of free play, four-and five-year-olds will spend a third of this time absorbed in various activities. This type of play—especially with building blocks—helps children discover and develop key principles （原理） in math. If play and building are important to 21st-century skill development, that’s really good news for two reasons: Children are born builders, makers, and creators, so developing 21st-century skills may be as simple as giving kids room to play, tinker and try things out, even as they grow older. Moreover, it doesn’t take 21st-century technology to develop 21st-century skills. This is especially important for under-resourced schools and communities. Taking whatever materials they have and tinkering with them is a simple way to develop those important “maker” skills. And anyone, anywhere, can do it. 41．What do you know about educators and business leaders from Paragraph 1? A．They will play together. B．They have nothing in common. C．They share the same goals. D．They will partner with each other. 42．What is the best way to prepare children for a successful future? A．Mixing STEM skills with DIY activities. B．Developing specific technologies. C．Paying attention to STEM skills. D．Relating to subject matter. 43．Why does the author mention NASA’s best well-rounded problem solvers in Paragraph 3? A．To stress the benefits of skills. B．To show the findings of NASA． C．To explain the ways of tinkering. D．To prove the importance of tinkering 44．What does the author advise schools and communities with limited resources to do? A．Add teaching materials. B．Apply resources at hand. C．Introduce advanced technology. D．Provide problem-solving opportunities. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏南通如东·期中） Does technology replace more jobs than it creates? What is the balance between these two things? Until now, that has not been completely measured. However, a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U. S. history since 1940. The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost because of machine automation （自动化）, and how many jobs have been created through augmentation （扩增）, in which technology creates new chances and tasks. In this research, Autor and his workmates studied about 35,000 jobs, recording how they appeared over time. That led them to find that technology has replaced more U. S. jobs than it has created, particularly since 1980. “Clearly, from 1980 to the present, there is a faster rate of automation and a slower rate of augmentation than in the former 40 years,” says Autor. From 1940 to 1980, for example, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter （排字工人） were getting automated. But at the same time, more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers, department heads and industrial engineers. From 1980 to 2020, the number of machinists （机械工） dropped because of automation, while operations and systems researchers enjoyed growth. Finally, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2020 period as in the 1940-1980 period. There was a more positive change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2020 compared to 1940-1980. Automation and augmentation often happen within the same industries. Within the same large company, there may be fewer machinists but more systems researchers. “Technology is really making a difference,” Autor says. “It may substitute some expert knowledge or skills, but may add decision-making tasks. It takes a while to figure them out.” 45．What does Autor’s study focus on? A．The key to searching for a job. B．The solutions to taking up new tasks. C．The influence of new technology on jobs. D．The application of machines to industry. 46．How does the author prove his idea in paragraph 3? A．By listing figures. B．By raising questions. C．By telling stories. D．By giving examples. 47．What does the underlined word “substitute” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Depend on. B．Take the place of. C．Take control of. D．Concentrate on. 48．What is the best title for the text? A．Are Jobs More Challenging or More Friendly? B．Are New Technologies Job Killers or Creators? C．Which Is Better, Automation or Augmentation? D．Who Are More Efficient, Humans or Machines? 主题02 人与社会——中国文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏南通通州·期中） Ten years ago, when asked about popular activities for fun, many people would say going to KTV or amusement parks. However, young people now spend their free time at health clubs, or getting tuina（推拿）, or even foot massage （按摩） to experience traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practices, such as acupuncture（针灸）. A survey in 2023 by China Youth Daily showed that 93.3% of 1, 000 young people have tried TCM. ATCM doctor named Ma Huifang said that many young people were coming to her for health problems like neck and back pain, and dry eyes, which used to be seniors’ problems. These issues are becoming common in young people because of bad lifestyles and too much stress. When choosing between Western medicine and TCM, young people like TCM better because it works well for their health problems. Some people say TCM is not scientific enough, but Ma thinks TCM is more accurate（精确的） because it treats people based on their own needs. TCM is becoming a big part of young people’s lives. They are learning TCM skills to help themselves and others. Jin Ying, a 25-year-old student at Minzu University of China, is an enthusiast of TCM. She learned acupuncture and tuina at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. She even helped her roommate with insomnia（失眠） using ear seeds from a therapy（疗法） called auricular acupoint therapy. Jin also follows the Five Elements theory in her daily life. In winter, she saves energy by not sweating too much. For her, learning TCM is about living a new way of life and understanding Chinese culture. “TCM helps young people learn about our national heritage （遗产） and see it as a treasure of our culture.” Jin says. 49．What changes have taken place in young people? A．They have stopped spending time in health clubs. B．They have begun to go to KTV and amusement parks. C．They depend more on western medicine for treatment. D．They spend more time joining in healthy activities. 50．Why do young people prefer TCM therapies according to Ma Huifang? A．Because they are effective treatments. B．Because they can stop bad lifestyles. C．Because they can help relieve stress. D．Because they are cheaper than others. 51．Why does the writer mention Jin Ying? A．To show her medical skills. B．To prove the acceptance of TCM. C．To praise her for her kindness. D．To explain the progress of TCM. 52．What do we know about TCM from the last paragraph? A．It is based on the Five Elements theory. B．It is common for young people to learn TCM. C．It can help people understand Chinese culture. D．It can help people stop sweating too much. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏扬州江都·期中） Parkinson’s is a progressive brain disease which leads to shaky hands and slow movement, and there is no cure. Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese martial art that combines （结合） slow, gentle movements with deep breathing and relaxation, may be an effective means of reducing the suffering. Recently, the researchers said that those who practiced the martial arts twice a week had fewer complications （并发症） and better quality of life than those who didn’t. Experts say the findings back up previous studies on the benefits of exercise for those with Parkinson’s. The study, from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, monitored the health of hundreds of Parkinson’s patients for up to five years. One group of 147 people practiced regular Tai Chi while another group of 187 did not. The researchers found that the disease progressed more slowly in the Tai Chi group on measurements of symptoms (症状), movement and balance. This group also saw fewer falls, less back pain and dizziness, with memory and concentration problems also lower than in the other group. At the same time, sleep and quality of life continuously improved. Prof. Alastair Noyce, professor in neurology and neuroepidemiology (神经流行病学) at Queen Mary University of London, called it “an important study” - the positive effects on aspects of motor （运动的） and non-motor functions are striking. However, researchers also pointed out that the number of participants in the study was relatively small, and further research is needed. “We already recommend Tai Chi, as well as other forms of exercise, but understanding which forms of exercise are most beneficial is an important goal to improve the long-term management of patients,” he said. 53．Why was the study conducted? A．To remove the misunderstanding of the previous studies. B．To research the benefits of Tai Chi for those with Parkinson’s. C．To find a cure for Parkinson’s disease. D．To improve the sleep quality of Parkinson’s patients. 54．Which of the following is a finding of the researchers? A．The concentration level was lower in the Tai Chi group. B．Patients in the non-Tai Chi group seldom fell down. C．The disease progressed more slowly in the Tai Chi group. D．Back pain and dizziness were relieved in the non-Tai group. 55．What does the underlined word “striking” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Disappointing. B．Demanding. C．Challenging. D．Amazing. 56．What can we learn from Prof. Alastair Noyce’s words? A．It is unnecessary to do more related studies. B．It’s impossible to improve the long-term management of patients. C．Tai Chi should be given more preference. D．Finding the most beneficial exercise is of importance. 主题03 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡辅仁高级中学·期中） People with high levels of niacin, also known as vitamin B3; in their blood may be more likely to have a heart attack or stroke than those with lower levels. Excessive (过量的) amounts of the vitamin, which is routinely added to fortified food (强化食品) and can be taken as a supplement (补充物), may inflame (使发炎) blood vessels. Heart attacks and stroke (中风) are leading causes of death worldwide. While researchers have made significant progress over the past few decades in discovering the risk factors for these conditions, they haven't identified them all. In an effort to fill these gaps, Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio and his colleagues collected blood samples (样本) from 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Europe who had elected to undergo cardiovascular screenings (心血管筛查). The team analyzed the samples for substances called metabolites (代谢物), byproducts of metabolic processes such as digestion (消化). The researchers then tracked incidents of cardiac(心脏的) events, such as heart attacks and strokes, among the participants over three years. They found that people with higher levels of a metabolite called 4PY, which only arises when the body breaks down excess niacin, were around 60 percent more likely, on average, to experience such an event than those with lower levels. And it was found in further experiment that 4PY causes blood vessel inflammation, a major contributor to the development of heart disease, in rodents. It isn’t uncommon for people to have high niacin levels, Hazen says. This is partially due to certain foods, such as cereals and flours, being routinely fortified with the vitamin in countries that include the UK and the US. Niacin supplements are also increasingly popular as evidence suggests they have anti-ageing benefits, says Hazen. Plus, it wasn’t until recently that doctors stopped prescribing (开处方) high-dose niacin to people at risk of cardiovascular disease, as it was initially thought the vitamin protected people from these conditions by lowering cholesterol. “I think this study really shows that sometimes, when it comes to vitamins, you can have too much of a good thing,” says Jenny Jia at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois. However, this research was mainly conducted in people of European ancestry. It is therefore unclear if similar results would occur in people of different racial or ethnic backgrounds, says Jia. 57．What is presented in paragraph 3? A．Practical examples. B．Historical findings. C．Theoretical models. D．Research procedures. 58．What does the underlined phrase “such an event” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Increased 4PY. B．Extra niacin. C．Blood vessel inflammation. D．Cardiovascular diseases. 59．What might NOT be the reason for people to have high niacin levels? A．Niacin was prescribed to people. B．Certain vitamins are added to foods. C．Food with niacin can rapid aging. D．Having niacin supplement is fashionable. 60．What attitude might Jia have to the study? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Supportive. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏扬州扬大附中·期中） I love teaching, but from the stand at the front of the room it can be hard to tell if you're having any impact at all. Until one day, you get an email from a former student detailing the influence you had on their life. We tend to believe that others are watching us less, listening to us less, and generally paying less attention to us than they actually are. Psychologist Erica Boothby and her colleagues coined the term the “invisibility cloak illusion (隐身斗篷错觉)” to describe the invisibility we often feel as we go about our daily lives. In one study, Boothby and her coauthors surveyed students who had been dining with others in a busy campus dining hall. They randomly (随机地) assigned students exiting the dining hall to different conditions. In one condition, the students were asked how much they found themselves noticing or observing the people around them in the dining hall (i.e., their behavior, manners and appearance), how curious they had been about the people around them, and the extent to which they had wondered what was going on inside the heads people around them. Students assigned to another condition were asked how much they thought the other people in the dining hall were noticing or observing them. Participants' ratings of how much they found themselves observing other people were more than 67 percent higher than participants' ratings of how much they thought other people were observing them. Despite the fact that everyone is busy observing everyone else, we tend to think we are somehow more invisible than the people around us. This research drives away the wrong idea that in order to get someone to pay attention to you, you have to wave your hands around and shout. Ad executives may need to pull out all the stops in order to grab people's attention, but you don't. You already have it. You are a person, not an ad or a tweet, and people are wired to notice other people. More than that, they are wired to wonder what other people are thinking, and to adjust their own thoughts and behaviors accordingly. What this means is that you are quietly influencing the people around you all the time — without even trying, and often without realizing it. 61．What does the author intend to show by mentioning his experience? A．He dislikes working as a teacher. B．He knows little about his students. C．He fails to recognize his influence. D．He has no confidence in his teaching. 62．What did the study try to find out about the students? A．Ways they could attract people’s attention. B．Kinds of people they were more likely to notice. C．The degree they thought they were being observed. D．Reasons why they noticed some people more easily. 63．How do people adjust their own thoughts and behaviors according to the last paragraph? A．By observing other’s actions. B．By knowing their own feelings. C．By showing their own behaviors. D．By understanding others’ thoughts. 64．What does the text mainly talk about? A．People need to understand each other. B．People focus too much on themselves. C．People are easily influenced by others. D．People tend to ignore their own influence. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡江阴·期中） In the animal kingdom, killer whales (虎鲸) are social stars: they travel in different family groups, care for grandchildren, and even imitate human speech. Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships. A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that is a sign of strong friendship. Some ocean animals maintain social structures — including male dolphins (海豚) that learn the “names” of their close friends. But there is little proof about wild killer whales. That’s where drone (无人机) technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his workmates to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales. That was high enough not to trouble the whales, marking the first time drones have been used to study friendly physical contact in whales. The researchers recorded over 800 examples of physical contact between individuals. Those included slippery hugs, back-to-back and nose-to-nose touches between pairs of whales. Other whales playfully threw young whales into the air, letting them fall into the water. Besides, the drone pictures showed clear preferences among individuals, usually for one “best friend” of the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for example. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there communicating with each other,” Weiss says. The young led most of these interactions, rather than the older females or males. Older males in particular were less important. “The young individuals really seem to be the glue (胶水) holding the groups together, Weiss says. As individuals age, this gradual loss of “centrality” is known in many social mammals, including humans. That finding is “especially appealing” to biological anthropologist Stacey Tecot, who didn’t join in the study. “Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new proofs, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss. 65．What does the underlined word “rival” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Rise to. B．Be equal to. C．Benefit from. D．Depend on. 66．What is new about Weiss’ research? A．The research method. B．The size of the research team. C．The target of the research. D．The time spent on the research. 67．What did Weiss find about J49 and J51? A．They have a long-lasting friendship. B．Their communication is difficult to understand. C．Their communicating ways change frequently. D．They prefer playing with young female whales. 68．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．More researchers will take part in the study. B．Other scientists take a negative attitude to the research. C．Researchers will get more proofs to study killer whales. D．Researchers will uncover the social aging trend in animals soon. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·江苏盐城东台第一中学·期中） Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming the planet. While cars and trains are moving towards greener, electric power, emissions from air travel are expected to increase massively by 2050. If we want big green sky solutions, we need blue sky thinking. Fortunately, there’s plenty of that happening right now, particularly the short-haul (运输) flights powered by batteries. Harbour Air is the largest seaplane airline in North America, flying 30, 000 commercial flights in 40 seaplanes each year. Significantly, all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes, making it perfectly fit for electric engines. “As an airline, we’re currently in the process of turning all our planes into electric airplanes.” says CEO Greg Mc Dougall. To make this happen, the airline has partnered up with MagniX to create the world’s first commercial flight with an electric engine. Making the skies electric isn’t just good for the environment, it also makes sound financial sense: a small aircraft uses $400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight, while an electric one costs $8-12 for the same distance, and that’s before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine. There’s also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet. While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyone’s feet firmly on the ground. A battery, even a lithium (锂) one, only provides 250watt-hours per kilogram; compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground. In aircraft, where every bit of weight counts, this can’t just be ignored. It’s certainly an exciting time for electric flying though. With companies like Harbour Air taking the lead, battery-powered planes, especially on short-haul journeys, are set to become a reality in the next few years. 69．According to Para.1, what is happening in air transport? A．Pollution caused by batteries is being controlled. B．Efforts are being made to make air travel greener. C．Demand for short-haul flights is increasing massively. D．New explorations of the sky are being launched. 70．The expression “added bonus” in Para3 refers to the fact that electric planes . A．cost less in maintenance than traditional ones. B．give passengers more pleasant views. C．offer more enjoyable flying experiences. D．bring airlines more financial benefits. 71．What might be the biggest challenge of electric flying? A．To balance power and weight of batteries in e-planes. B．To find qualified technicians for e-plane industry. C．To improve the ground service for e-planes. 72．What is the author’s attitude towards the prospect of electric flying? A．Doubtful. B．Wait-and-see. C．Short-sighted. D．Positive. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏宿迁泗阳·期中） Health is the most valuable thing one can possess. It is the foundation upon which we build our lives. Keeping good health involves more than just avoiding diseases; it’s about taking care of our bodies, minds, and spirits. A balanced diet is extremely important for good health. Our bodies need a variety of nutrients to function properly. Eating a wide range of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and proteins makes sure that we get the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients we need. Avoiding processed foods （预制食品）, excessive sugar, and unhealthy fats is also important. Regular physical activity is another key part of good health. Exercise strengthens our hearts, muscles and bones. It also improves our immune system, helping us fight off infections （感染） and diseases. Besides, physical activity can improve mood and reduce stress. Finding an activity that you enjoy and can stick with is important, whether it’s a walk, a jog or a bike ride. Mental health is equally important. Our minds need care and attention just like our bodies do. Practicing meditation （沉思） can help us reduce anxiety. Surrounding ourselves with positive people and engaging in activities bringing us joy can also improve our mental well-being. Getting enough sleep is of great importance for overall health. Sleep allows our bodies to repair and be full of energy. It also helps us consolidate memories and deal with information. Aiming for 7—9 hours of quality sleep per night is recommended for most adults. In conclusion, keeping good health is a multifaceted endeavor. By focusing on diet, exercise, mental well-being, and sleep, we can build a foundation for a healthy, happy life. 1．What can we know from Paragraph 2? A．Fruits and vegetables are beneficial to our health. B．Eating a certain nutrient can make our body work better. C．We can get nutrients only by eating fruits and vegetables. D．Processed foods as well as sugar and fat are of no value to us. 2．Which aspect of regular physical activity is mainly stressed in Paragraph 3? A．Its contents. B．Its types. C．Its functions. D．Its warnings. 3．How can we take care of our mental health? A．By asking experts for advice. B．By associating with positive people. C．By attending all sorts of physical activities. D．By devoting ourselves to our studying all the time. 4．What does the underlined word “consolidate” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Lose. B．Strengthen. C．Narrow. D．Exchange. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了健康的重要性以及保持健康的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Eating a wide range of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and proteins makes sure that we get the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients we need.（吃各种各样的水果、蔬菜、全谷物和蛋白质可以确保我们获得所需的维生素、矿物质和其他营养素。）”可知，吃广泛的水果、蔬菜等可以确保我们获得所需的营养，因此可以推断出水果和蔬菜对我们的健康有益。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Regular physical activity is another key part of good health. Exercise strengthens our hearts, muscles and bones. It also improves our immune system, helping us fight off infections and diseases. Besides, physical activity can improve mood and reduce stress.（规律的身体活动是保持健康的另一个关键部分。运动可以加强我们的心脏、肌肉和骨骼。它还可以增强我们的免疫系统，帮助我们抵抗感染和疾病。此外，身体活动可以改善情绪并减轻压力。）”可知，第三段主要强调了规律身体活动的作用。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Mental health is equally important. Our minds need care and attention just like our bodies do. Practicing meditation can help us reduce anxiety. Surrounding ourselves with positive people and engaging in activities bringing us joy can also improve our mental well-being.（心理健康同样重要。我们的心灵就像我们的身体一样需要关心和关注。练习冥想可以帮助我们减少焦虑。与积极的人相处，参与让我们快乐的活动，也可以改善我们的心理健康。）”可知，我们可以通过与积极的人交往来照顾我们的心理健康。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据上文“Getting enough sleep is of great importance for overall health. Sleep allows our bodies to repair and be full of energy.（获得足够的睡眠对整体健康非常重要。睡眠让我们的身体得到修复并充满活力。）”可知，此处说明睡眠对健康的好处，划线词所在的句子意思为“它还可以帮助我们巩固记忆和处理信息”，由此可推测出consolidate意为“巩固”。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏扬州中学·期中） Adults are often ashamed to ask for help. Seeking someone’s help can make you feel like you are broadcasting your inability. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school for the same reason. Kayla Good, a graduate student at Stanford University, and Alex Shaw, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Chicago, applied a classic technique to learn more about how children think about reputation: Across several studies, they asked 576 children aged four to nine, to predict the behavior of two characters, Tom and Jack, in a story. Tom really wanted to be smart, and Jack only wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be more likely to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two characters as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought Jack would be less likely to ask for help. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature — they were specially thinking about how the characters would act in front of peers. They could still imagine situations where Jack would seek help: when it could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it. Given the findings, it seems quite possible that when children themselves are the ones struggling, they, too, might avoid seeking out help if they are concerned about reputation. If so, the unwillingness to seek help when others are present could clearly impede learning progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks, and ask questions. However, the situation can be difficult when someone is concerned about their impressions on others. 5．What were the children asked to predict about the two characters? A．Their likeliness to get help. B．Their possibility of seeking help. C．Their performance in a test. D．Their understanding of reputation. 6．Who was likely to seek private aid according to the eight-year-olds? A．Tom. B．Jack. C．Neither. D．Both. 7．What does the underlined word “impede” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Prevent B．Secure. C．Advance. D．Recover. 8．What is the author’s suggestion for kids? A．Be ready to help others. B．Make efforts to be smarter. C．Care less about reputation. D．Be brave to ask for help. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍新的研究表明年幼的孩子不会在学校寻求帮助。作者建议孩子们要勇敢地寻求帮助。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be more likely to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help.（在一项研究中，他们告诉孩子们两个角色的考试成绩都很差，并询问他们中哪一个更有可能在全班同学面前举手向老师寻求帮助）”可知，在研究中孩子们被询问的是哪个人物更有可能寻求帮助，即预测人物寻求帮助的可能性。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They could still imagine situations where Jack would seek help: when it could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.他们仍然能够想象出杰克会寻求帮助的场景：如果可以在私下（在电脑上而不是面对面）寻求帮助，孩子们就会认为这两个人物寻求帮助的可能性是相同的。)”可知，据八岁的孩子说，杰克和汤姆都可能私下寻求帮助。故选D。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线词的下文“To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks and ask questions.（要想在任何领域取得进步，一个人必须努力工作，接受具有挑战性的任务，并提出问题）”可推知，在别人在场时不愿寻求帮助显然会阻碍学业进步。impede意为“阻碍”。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If so, the unwillingness to seek help when others are present could clearly impede learning progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks, and ask questions.（如果是这样的话，在别人在场时不愿寻求帮助显然会阻碍学业进步。要想在任何领域取得进步，一个人必须努力工作，接受具有挑战性的任务，并提出问题。）”可推知，作者建议孩子们要勇敢地寻求帮助。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏淮安·期中） Note-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork — everything from taking tests to researching a paper. But unfortunately, most schools don’t have classes that teach you how to take notes. So here are some tips. Write down key facts. If you have a teacher who writes notes on the board, that’s good: You can copy them down. If not, write down the most important points from class. Does your history teacher mention the date of a key Civil War battle? Does your English teacher give examples of Shakespeare’s use of irony (讽刺)? Write them down! Different teachers do things differently. For example, some teachers may mention lots of dates and facts in class but only write the key ones on the board. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may repeat a certain date or a piece of information. After a while, you’ll get to know a teacher’s style. Don’t overdo it. Don’t go crazy taking notes. You’ll be frantic (慌乱的) if you try to write down every word that’s said in class. And if you focus too much on getting your notes right, you might miss important points. Some people actually learn better by listening, writing down a few key points, and then going over the material after class. Ask. Don’t be afraid to ask the teacher to repeat something you miss. If the teacher is going too fast, your classmates will also be happy to hear the information again. If you don’t want to ask in class, see your teacher afterwards. It’s much easier than wondering if you got the notes right as you study. Compare. Keep your notes handy when you’re doing your reading homework. Compare what you wrote with what the reading says — you may even want to add to your notes as you read. 9．What’s an advantage of note-taking according to the writer? A．It helps you to get good marks in tests. B．It’s a basic skill in researching a paper. C．It helps fix your mind on what the teacher says. D．It gives you a better understanding of key facts. 10．Why is Shakespeare mentioned in the passage? A．To introduce the topic of note-taking. B．To compare writing styles in different times. C．To give an example of forming good habits. D．To explain what a key fact is in a teacher’s class. 11．What is suggested in the third paragraph? A．Teachers encourage their students to be active in class. B．It’s helpful for teachers to learn from each other in styles. C．It’s not always possible to note down all information in class. D．A teacher’s style should be taken into consideration when taking notes. 12．What’s the writer’s opinion according to the passage? A．Students must try to take correct and detailed notes in class. B．Students should put down only key points while listening carefully. C．Students must not interrupt the teacher by asking questions in class. D．Students should put down as much information as possible in class. 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．D 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了记笔记的技巧和重要性。 9．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Note-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork — everything from taking tests to researching a paper. (记笔记是一种技能，可以帮助你在所有的学业上都做得很好——从参加考试到研究论文)”可知，记笔记的一个优点就是它可以帮助你在考试中取得好成绩。故选A。 10．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Write down key facts. If you have a teacher who writes notes on the board, that’s good: You can copy them down. If not, write down the most important points from class. Does your history teacher mention the date of a key Civil War battle? Does your English teacher give examples of Shakespeare’s use of irony (讽刺)? Write them down! (记下关键事实。如果你的老师在黑板上写笔记，那就太好了：你可以抄下来。如果没有，就记下课堂上最重要的要点。你的历史老师是否提到了某场关键内战战役的日期？你的英语老师是否举了莎士比亚使用讽刺手法的例子？把它们写下来！)”可知，提到莎士比亚是为了解释老师在课堂上提到的关键事实是什么。故选D。 11．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Different teachers do things differently. For example, some teachers may mention lots of dates and facts in class but only write the key ones on the board. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may repeat a certain date or a piece of information. After a while, you’ll get to know a teacher’s style. (不同的老师有不同的做法。例如，有些老师可能会在课堂上提到很多日期和事实，但只在黑板上写下关键的。而其他老师可能什么都不写，但他们可能会重复某个日期或某条信息。一段时间后，你就会了解老师的风格)”可知，第三段建议的是在记笔记时要考虑老师的风格。故选D。 12．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Some people actually learn better by listening, writing down a few key points, and then going over the material after class. (有些人实际上通过听讲、记下几个关键点，然后在课后复习材料来学习得更好)”可知，作者的观点是学生应该仔细听讲，只记下关键点。故选B。 主题02 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏镇江·期中） There never seems to be enough time to do everything you need to do. Make Time by Jake Knapp and John Zeratsky discusses how to focus on what matters every day. The book doesn’t just cover tasks you need to finish, but also includes tips to make time for activities you love, such as learning a new skill or spending time with family. It aims to help people regain time for the things that have value and meaning to them. Both authors once worked at Google —Jake helped develop products like Google Meet, while John worked on the design of YouTube Channels. Using their insider knowledge, they explain how technology can be addictive （使人上瘾的） and share tips on how to spend less time on social media. Their unique viewpoint comes from their work in highly productive environments, providing valuable tips for staying focused. Make Time offers practical advice on creating habits to improve energy, focus, and time. The book offers over 80 tips, making it possible for readers to find what works best for them. Jake’s and John’s different ways of time management provide readers with the freedom to test out different choices on the road to find what works for them. The book focuses on making small changes to mindset （思维模式）, environment, and habits to escape from the never-ending busyness. One standout method is the daily “highlight,” where you focus on a single task each day, changing between work-related and personal activities. While the book has its limitations （局限）, being written by authors with more control over their schedules than the average person, it still provides helpful advice. Many people may not have the same freedom over their time, especially those working long hours. However, for those with some flexibility, Make Time offers tools to help make the most of their time, focusing on meaningful activities and building productive habits. 13．What is the book aimed at? A．Guiding workers in learning new skills. B．Explaining the history of Google products. C．Promoting the use of technology in daily life. D．Helping readers get back time for meaningful things. 14．What makes the authors have unique viewpoints? A．Work experience at Google. B．More time spent on the Internet. C．Fear of productive environments. D．Advice from social media. 15．What does the book suggest readers do to manage busyness according to paragraph 4? A．Follow a strict daily schedule. B．Concentrate on one task per day. C．Stop doing work-related tasks. D．Change your habits greatly. 16．What limitation does the book have? A．It focuses on building productive habits. B．It offers no valuable suggestions. C．It is written by people with time flexibility. D．It provides a limited number of tips. 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．B 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是讨论了由Jake Knapp 和 John Zeratsky所写的一本关于如何专注于每天重要的事情的书籍——《创造时间》。 13．细节理解题。根据首段中的“It aims to help people regain time for the things that have value and meaning to them.（它旨在帮助人们重新获得时间去做那些对他们有价值和意义的事情。）”可知，本书旨在帮助读者挤出时间做有意义的事情。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Both authors once worked at Google — Jake helped develop products like Google Meet, while John worked on the design of YouTube Channels.（两位作者都曾在谷歌工作过——杰克帮助开发了像Google Meet这样的产品，而约翰则参与了YouTube频道的设计。）”可知，两位作者均在谷歌工作过，结合下文的“Their unique viewpoint comes from their work in highly productive environments, providing valuable tips for staying focused.（他们独特的观点来自于他们在高生产力的环境中工作，为保持专注提供了宝贵的建议。）”可知，他们的独特观点来自于在谷歌的工作经历。故选A项。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One standout method is the daily “highlight,” where you focus on a single task each day, changing between work-related and personal activities.（一个突出的方法是每天的“重点”，你每天专注于一项任务，在工作和个人活动之间切换。）”可知，这本书建议读者每天专注于一项任务。故选B项。 16．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“While the book has its limitations （局限）, being written by authors with more control over their schedules than the average person, it still provides helpful advice. Many people may not have the same freedom over their time, especially those working long hours. （虽然这本书有其局限性，作者比一般人更能控制自己的日程安排，但它仍然提供了有用的建议。许多人在时间上可能没有同样的自由，尤其是那些工作时间很长的人。）”可知，该书的作者比一般人更能控制自己的日程安排，许多人在时间上可能没有同样的自由，由此可推断，该书的局限性在于它是由时间灵活的人写的。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏宿迁青华中学·期中） The Olympics was held with great excitement. Wang Chuqin and Sun Yingsha, known as the “Shatou” pair, faced the dark horse pair from North Korea, Lee Jeong-sik and Kim Geum-yeong. At the beginning of the game, the North Korean pair showed strong attacking power. Lee Jeong-sik’s forehand attack was sharp and tricky. Kim Geum-yeong’s backhand long pimples rubber style was unique, and the rhythm and spin of her returns posed challenges to the “Shatou” pair. But the “Shatou” pair remained calm. Wang Chuqin’s backhand flick was very powerful, and Sun Yingsha’s advantages in the first three strokes were obvious. The scores of both sides rose alternately, and the game was extremely close. At the critical moment, the “Shatou” pair, with the tacit understanding formed through long-term training, solid technical skills and strong psychological quality, dared to play and fight. Finally, with the scores of 11 - 6, 7 - 11, 11 - 8, 11 - 5, 7 - 11, 11 - 8, they won 4:2 and won the gold medal. This victory was not easy. It fully demonstrated the fighting spirit and excellent skills of the “Shatou” pair, and also won honor for the Chinese table tennis team at this Olympics. Their excellent performance makes Chinese people proud. It is believed that they will create more glories in the future. 17．What was unique about Kim Geum-yeong’s playing style? A．Her forehand attack. B．Her backhand long pimples rubber style. C．Her powerful serves. D．Her fast footwork. 18．How did the “Shatou” pair deal with the challenges from the North Korean pair? A．They gave up easily. B．They got nervous and made many mistakes. C．They remained calm and showed their skills. D．They argued with each other. 19．What can we know from the passage? A．The game was not exciting. B．The “Shatou” pair won easily. C．The North Korean pair played very badly. D．The “Shatou” pair’s victory was not easy. 20．What did the “Shatou” pair’s performance make the Chinese people feel? A．Sad. B．Angry. C．Proud. D．Worried. 【答案】17．B 18．C 19．D 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥运会上一场激动人心的乒乓球比赛。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Kim Geum-yeong’s backhand long pimples rubber style was unique, and the rhythm and spin of her returns posed challenges to the “Shatou” pair.（金琴英的反手长胶风格独特，她的击球节奏和旋转对“莎头”组合构成了挑战）”可知，金琴英的打法的独特之处就是她的反手长胶风格。故选B项。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But the “Shatou” pair remained calm. Wang Chuqin’s backhand flick was very powerful, and Sun Yingsha’s advantages in the first three strokes were obvious.（但这对“莎头”组合仍保持冷静。王楚钦的反手进攻非常有力，孙颖莎前三板优势明显）”可知，“莎头”组合面对来自朝鲜组合的挑战，他们保持冷静，展示了自己的技能。故选C项。 19．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“This victory was not easy. It fully demonstrated the fighting spirit and excellent skills of the “Shatou” pair, and also won honor for the Chinese table tennis team at this Olympics.（这场胜利来之不易。它充分展示了“莎头”组合的拼搏精神和精湛技术，也为中国乒乓球队在本届奥运会上赢得了荣誉）”可知，“莎头”组合的胜利来之不易。故选D项。 20．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Their excellent performance makes Chinese people proud. It is believed that they will create more glories in the future.（他们出色的表现让中国人感到骄傲。相信他们会在未来创造更多的辉煌）”可知，“莎头”组合的表演给中国人民带来了骄傲自豪的感受。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏连云港东海·期中） The agricultural pests known as plant bugs （虫子） can be a farmer’ s worst enemy. A Costa Rican flower has turned them into friends, however, according to a new study. One kind of the so-called arum plant has developed to attract a kind of plant bug, helping them spread their pollen （花粉） far and wide. “This is a new finding for ecology and biology,” says Zong-Xin Ren, an evolutionary ecologist who did not join in the work. The finding came by accident. Florian Etl, a graduate student working with evolutionary biologist Jürg Schönenberger at the University of Vienna, was studying the role of beetles （甲虫） in pollinating plants. On that important night, Etl waited all night for arum plants to give out an evening sweet smell that attracts beetles. But it wasn’t beetles that were attracted—it was plant bugs. Eager to know why, Etl made a chemical analysis of the sweet smell. When Etl covered white paper cones （锥形物） with the chemical, the cones attracted large numbers of the plant bugs. Moreover, when Etl covered the arum plant’s natural flowers with a fine net to keep away from the plant bugs, no seeds were produced. “The change from being pollinated by a beetle to a plant bug is an amazing change,” says Regis Ferriere, a theoretical ecologist at the University of Arizona. “It’s not clear how this discovery could help farmers fight plant bugs. But the discovery conveys an important protection message,” Ollerton says. “Attempts to protect pollinators need to go beyond just ‘Save the Bees’ campaigns.” 21．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Farmers. B．Flowers. C．Plants. D．Bugs. 22．How did Florian Etl find the plant bugs? A．By studying the sweet smell. B．By studying the role of the beetles. C．By looking for the beetles. D．By working with Zong-Xin Ren. 23．What do we know about the plant bugs? A．They are attracted by the beetles. B．They can help the plants spread pollen. C．They are more active than beetles during the day. D．They make little difference to the flowers of the plant. 24．Which of the following can be used to describe the study? A．A bad thing never dies with time going. B．A fox may grow gray, but never good. C．A good beginning makes a good ending. D．Many things grow that were never sown in the garden. 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．B 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于植物与虫子之间关系的新发现，即一种哥斯达黎加花通过吸引植物虫子来帮助传播花粉。 21．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The agricultural pests known as plant bugs （虫子） can be a farmer’ s worst enemy. A Costa Rican flower has turned them into friends, however, according to a new study.（被称为植物臭虫的农业害虫可能是农民最大的敌人。然而，根据一项新的研究，哥斯达黎加的一种花却把它们变成了朋友）”可知，“them”指代的是“虫子”。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Florian Etl, a graduate student working with evolutionary biologist Jürg Schönenberger at the University of Vienna, was studying the role of beetles （甲虫） in pollinating plants. On that important night, Etl waited all night for arum plants to give out an evening sweet smell that attracts beetles. But it wasn’t beetles that were attracted—it was plant bugs.（弗洛里安·埃特尔是维也纳大学的一名研究生，他与进化生物学家Jürg Schönenberger一起研究甲虫在植物授粉中的作用。在那个重要的晚上，Etl整夜等待海芋植物散发出吸引甲虫的夜间甜味。但吸引来的不是甲虫，而是植物虫子）”可推知，Florian Etl是通过研究甲虫的作用发现了植物虫子的。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“One kind of the so-called arum plant has developed to attract a kind of plant bug, helping them spread their pollen （花粉） far and wide.（一种所谓的海芋植物已经发展出吸引一种植物虫子的方法，帮助它们广泛传播花粉）可推知，植物虫子可以帮助植物传播花粉。故选B。 24．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The change from being pollinated by a beetle to a plant bug is an amazing change,” says Regis Ferriere, a theoretical ecologist at the University of Arizona.（亚利桑那大学的理论生态学家瑞吉斯·费里埃说：“从甲虫授粉到植物昆虫授粉的变化是一个惊人的变化）”可知，有些事情的发展是意料之外的。所以D选项“事情的发展是意料之外的”能描述这项研究。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡运河实验中学·期中） Xishuangbanna, one of the eight autonomous prefectures (自治州) in Southwest China’s Yunnan province, has made it to the list of Lonely Planet’s top 10 regions to visit in 2022. With the China-Laos railway scheduled to open on December 2, 2021, trips to Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture would be more accessible. Along with neighboring Myanmar and Laos, the exotic region is best known for dense tropical rainforest and distinct ethnic culture. A paradise for plants and animals Xishuangbanna boasts the most intact tropical ecosystem in China, which harbors a quarter of the country’s animal species and one sixth of plants. There are quite a few spots to get a glimpse of this animal and plant paradise, and Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) always comes first. XTBG, situated in the south of the province, is not only the country’s top level tourist attraction, but also a research institution affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Home to over 13,000 species of plants, it is one of the largest tropical botanical gardens in the country. The site is divided into two areas: one in the east, and the other in the west. The western area has 20 small botanical gardens that contain a wide variety of peculiar plants. The eastern area is three times bigger than the other, featuring dense tropical rainforests and giant waterfalls. If tropical plants are not enough, the Wild Elephant Valley would be a great option for animal lovers. The nature reserve is the only place in China to observe Asian elephants at close quarters and it shelters other rare wild animals, too. Dai ethnic culture The Dai ethnic group has lived in Xishuangbanna for centuries, accounting for around 30 percent of the region’s population. A visit to the tropical paradise would never be complete without experiencing the local culture. Manting Park is the oldest park in the region that dates back 1,300 years, which is also one of the main venues for the annual Water Splashing Festival (WSF), the most important traditional occasion for the Dai people to welcome the New Year. The festival usually falls in mid-April and involves three days of festive celebrations, including religious rituals, water splashing. boat racing and releasing sky lanterns. 25．What makes trips to Xishuangbanna easier? A．That Xishuangbanna is a paradise for plants and animals. B．That Xishuangbanna is one of the eight autonomous prefectures. C．That the China-Laos railway is scheduled to open on December 2, 2021. D．That Xishuangbanna features dense tropical rainforests and giant waterfalls. 26．Where is Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) located? A．In the south of Yunnan province. B．In the west of Yunnan province. C．In the east of Yunnan province. D．In the north of Yunnan province. 27．What can we learn about the annual Water Splashing Festival? A．Manting Park is the only venue for the annual WSF. B．Celebrating WSF is of great importance for Dai people. C．Only the Dai ethnic group can celebrate the annual WSF. D．A visit to XTBG would be perfect without experiencing the annual WSF. 28．The visitors can enjoy the following activities in the annual WSF except? A．Boat racing B．Releasing sky lanterns C．Water splashing D．Mountain climbing 【答案】25．C 26．A 27．B 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了西双版纳的旅游资源和特色。 25．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“With the China-Laos railway scheduled to open on December 2, 2021, trips to Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture would be more accessible. (随着中老铁路计划于2021年12月2日开通，前往西双版纳傣族自治州的旅行将更加方便。)”可知，使到西双版纳的旅行更容易的是中老铁路的开通。故选C。 26．细节理解题。由文章A paradise for plants and animals部分中“XTBG, situated in the south of the province, is not only the country’s top level tourist attraction, but also a research institution affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences. (XTBG位于该省南部，不仅是该国顶级旅游景点，也是中国科学院下属的研究机构。)”可知，西双版纳热带植物园位于云南省南部。故选A。 27．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Manting Park is the oldest park in the region that dates back 1,300 years, which is also one of the main venues for the annual Water Splashing Festival (WSF), the most important traditional occasion for the Dai people to welcome the New Year. (曼听公园是该地区最古老的公园，历史可以追溯到1300年前，同时也是傣族每年泼水节（WSF）的主要场地之一。泼水节是傣族迎接新年的最重要传统节日。)”可知，泼水节是傣族人民迎接新年的最重要的传统节日，因此庆祝泼水节对傣族人来说非常重要。所以选项B正确。 28．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“The festival usually falls in mid-April and involves three days of festive celebrations, including religious rituals, water splashing. boat racing and releasing sky lanterns. (泼水节通常在4月中旬举行，为期三天的节日庆祝活动包括宗教仪式、泼水等。赛艇和放天灯。)”可知，泼水节通常不包括爬山。故选D。 主题04 人与社会——外国文化与节日 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡运河实验中学·期中） People in the UK spend their free time in different ways. They usually use it to relax. They spend a lot of their free time at home. The most popular activity is watching TV. People in the UK watch TV for about 25 hours a week. They often record programs so they can watch them later. Reading is also a popular way of spending free time. People in the UK spend a lot of time reading newspapers and magazines. Many people in the UK have pets. They like playing with their pets in their free time. In summer, gardening is popular. And families often have a“ day out” on the weekend. They often go to a festival or see a show. Young people like to go to clubs, and people of all ages like to go to the cinema. “Do-it-yourself” is popular when it is cold. People often spend their free time repairing houses. Some free time activities are with friends. Asking friends for a drink or a meal at home is the most usual one. Sometimes people and their friends have dinner in a restaurant. On the weekend, people in the UK like to spend their free time doing sports. The popular kinds of sports are soccer, horse racing, swimming, tennis, skating, climbing and hill walking. 29．What may be popular in winter in the UK? A．Gardening. B．Repairing houses. C．Going to a festival. D．Seeing a show. 30．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．People in the UK often record TV programs. B．People in the UK like to do sports in the morning. C．People of all ages in the UK like to go to clubs in summer. D．People in the UK often have a“day out”with their friends. 31．What is the most usual activity Englishmen have with their friends? A．Having a drink or meal at home B．Shopping together in the shopping mall C．Going for a trip to foreign countries D．Swimming in the ocean 32．What is the passage mainly about? A．How often do Englishmen do sports B．How Englishmen spend their weekends. C．What Englishmen do in their free time. D．Why Englishmen have a lot of free time. 【答案】29．B 30．A 31．A 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国人度过自己的休闲时光的各种方式，比如看电视，阅读，在夏天搞园艺，和朋友聚餐，运动等。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段““Do-it-yourself” is popular when it is cold. People often spend their free time repairing houses. （天冷的时候，“自己动手”很受欢迎。人们经常用他们的空闲时间修理房子）”可知，英国冬天流行修理房屋。故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据第一段“People in the UK watch TV for about 25 hours a week. They often record programs so they can watch them later. （英国人每周看电视的时间约为25小时。他们经常把节目录下来，以便以后再看）”可知，A选项正确；根据第二段“In summer, gardening is popular. And families often have a“ day out” on the weekend. They often go to a festival or see a show. Young people like to go to clubs （在夏天，园艺很受欢迎。家庭通常会在周末“外出一天”。他们经常去参加节日或看表演。年轻人喜欢去俱乐部）”可知，C，D错误；再根据最后一段“On the weekend, people in the UK like to spend their free time doing sports. （在周末，英国人喜欢利用他们的空闲时间做运动）”可知，B错误。故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据第三段“Some free time activities are with friends. Asking friends for a drink or a meal at home is the most usual one. （一些空闲时间的活动是和朋友在一起。请朋友喝一杯或在家里吃饭是最常见的）” 可知，英国人和朋友最常进行的活动是在家里喝酒或吃饭。故选A。 32．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一句“People in the UK spend their free time in different ways. They usually use it to relax. （英国人打发空闲时间的方式各不相同。他们通常用它来放松）”可知，文章主要介绍了英国人度过自己的休闲时光的各种方式，比如看电视，阅读，在夏天搞园艺，和朋友聚餐，运动等。由此可知，C选项“英国人在空闲时间做什么”能够概括文章大意。故选C。 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏扬州中学·期中） Adults are often ashamed to ask for help. Seeking someone’s help can make you feel like you are broadcasting your inability. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school for the same reason. Kayla Good, a graduate student at Stanford University, and Alex Shaw, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Chicago, applied a classic technique to learn more about how children think about reputation: Across several studies, they asked 576 children aged four to nine, to predict the behavior of two characters, Tom and Jack, in a story. Tom really wanted to be smart, and Jack only wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be more likely to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two characters as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought Jack would be less likely to ask for help. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature — they were specially thinking about how the characters would act in front of peers. They could still imagine situations where Jack would seek help: when it could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it. Given the findings, it seems quite possible that when children themselves are the ones struggling, they, too, might avoid seeking out help if they are concerned about reputation. If so, the unwillingness to seek help when others are present could clearly impede learning progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks, and ask questions. However, the situation can be difficult when someone is concerned about their impressions on others. 33．What were the children asked to predict about the two characters? A．Their likeliness to get help. B．Their possibility of seeking help. C．Their performance in a test. D．Their understanding of reputation. 34．Who was likely to seek private aid according to the eight-year-olds? A．Tom. B．Jack. C．Neither. D．Both. 35．What does the underlined word “impede” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Prevent B．Secure. C．Advance. D．Recover. 36．What is the author’s suggestion for kids? A．Be ready to help others. B．Make efforts to be smarter. C．Care less about reputation. D．Be brave to ask for help. 【答案】33．B 34．D 35．A 36．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍新的研究表明年幼的孩子不会在学校寻求帮助。作者建议孩子们要勇敢地寻求帮助。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be more likely to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help.(在一项研究中，他们告诉孩子们两个角色的考试成绩都很差，并询问他们中哪一个更有可能在全班同学面前举手向老师寻求帮助)”可知，在研究中孩子们被询问的是哪个人物更有可能寻求帮助，即预测人物寻求帮助的可能性。故选B。 34．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They could still imagine situations where Jack would seek help: when it could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.(他们仍然能够想象出杰克会寻求帮助的场景：如果可以在私下（在电脑上而不是面对面）寻求帮助，孩子们就会认为这两个人物寻求帮助的可能性是相同的。)”可知，据八岁的孩子说，杰克和汤姆都可能私下寻求帮助。故选D。 35．词句猜测题。根据划线词的下文“To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks and ask questions.(要想在任何领域取得进步，一个人必须努力工作，接受具有挑战性的任务，并提出问题)”可推知，在别人在场时不愿寻求帮助显然会阻碍学业进步。impede意为“阻碍”。故选A。 36．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If so, the unwillingness to seek help when others are present could clearly impede learning progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks, and ask questions.(如果是这样的话，在别人在场时不愿寻求帮助显然会阻碍学业进步。要想在任何领域取得进步，一个人必须努力工作，接受具有挑战性的任务，并提出问题。)”可推知，作者建议孩子们要勇敢地寻求帮助。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏淮安·期中） After the haircut It’s getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair’s journey is not over after the haircut. Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it’s cut off? Some farmers do! What comes up? Not wigs (假发), but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen (氮) that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. If you’ve got a wool sweater on, you’re wearing a sheep’s haircut. Sheep grow fine curly (弯曲的) fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don’t feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn’t catch fire easily. What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace (微量) of chemicals (化学物质) that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret — whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure, it’s not just for wigs any more. 37．In which part of a magazine can we probably read this passage? A．History. B．Fashion. C．Science. D．Health. 38．How does hair help plants to grow? A．It provides nitrogen. B．It breaks down soil. C．It takes in rainwater. D．It lets out a smell. 39．What does the underlined part “shear the sheep” mean? A．Give enough food to the sheep. B．Wash the sheep many times. C．Find living place for the sheep. D．Cut the wool off the sheep. 40．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Hair helps keep warm. B．Hair testing is important. C．Hair can tell secrets. D．Hair helps solve crimes. 【答案】37．C 38．A 39．D 40．C 【导语】这篇文章属于说明文。文章以通俗易懂的语言介绍了头发剪下后的一些不常见的用途，如作为植物肥料、制作羊毛制品以及用于法医鉴定等。 37．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair’s journey is not over after the haircut. (理发师托尼剪掉你的一部分头发，把它扫走，但你的头发的旅程并没有在理发后结束。)”可知，文章主要讨论了头发剪下后的多种用途，包括作为植物肥料、制作羊毛衣物以及用于法医鉴定等方面的知识，这些内容更偏向于科学知识的普及。因此，最可能出现在杂志的科学部分。故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. (当剪下来的头发混入土壤中时，头发会分解，慢慢释放出氮，这样就可以帮助花朵和蔬菜更快地长大。)”可知，剪下的头发混入土壤后会分解，逐渐释放出氮素，从而促进植物更快地生长。故选A。 39．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“in summer, so the sheep don’t feel too hot. (在夏天，这样羊就不会觉得太热)”可知，shear the sheep指的是剪羊毛的行为，这是农民在夏天为了防止羊过热而采取的一种措施。A. Give enough food to the sheep给羊足够的食物；B. Wash the sheep many times把羊洗很多次；C. Find living place for the sheep给羊找个地方住；D. Cut the wool off the sheep把羊的羊毛剪掉。故选D。 40．主旨大意题。根据第四段“What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace (微量) of chemicals (化学物质) that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. (你的头发能透露出什么关于你的信息吗？即使在剪发多年后，头发仍然能揭示令人惊讶的秘密。因为头发是由老细胞组成的，它含有头发生长时体内存在的微量化学物质。当人们接触到危险化学品时，这些痕迹会长期留在头发中，即使它们已从体内消失。通过检测头发，医生可以判断食物和水中是否有危险的化学物质。头发还能揭示另一个重要的秘密——这是谁的头发？这可以用于帮助解决犯罪案件。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了头发可以保留身体曾经存在的化学物质的痕迹，通过检测头发可以帮助医生了解食物和水中的有害物质，甚至用于犯罪现场的调查。因此，这段文字的核心在于头发能够揭示一些秘密。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——文化知识教育 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏苏州·期中） Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may seem. Teachers want to prepare students for a successful future. Technology companies have an interest in developing a workforce with the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) skills which are needed to grow the company and advance the industry. How can they work together to achieve these goals? Play may be the answer. Paying attention to STEM skills is important, but the reality is that STEM skills can be improved when they are mixed with traditional, hands-on creative activities. This mix is proving to be the best way to prepare today’s children to be the makers and builders of tomorrow. That is why technology-companies are partnering with educators to bring back good, old-fashioned play. In fact, many experts argue that the most important 21st-century skills aren’t related to specific technologies or subject matter, but to creativity （创造性）; skills like imagination, problem-finding and problem-solving, teamwork, patience and the ability to experiment and take risks. These are skills gamed when kids tinker （鼓捣小玩意）. High-tech industries such as NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory have found that their best well-rounded problem solvers were master tinkerers in their youth. There are cognitive （认知的） benefits of doing things the way we did as children—building something, tearing it down, then building it up again. Research shows that given 15 minutes of free play, four-and five-year-olds will spend a third of this time absorbed in various activities. This type of play—especially with building blocks—helps children discover and develop key principles （原理） in math. If play and building are important to 21st-century skill development, that’s really good news for two reasons: Children are born builders, makers, and creators, so developing 21st-century skills may be as simple as giving kids room to play, tinker and try things out, even as they grow older. Moreover, it doesn’t take 21st-century technology to develop 21st-century skills. This is especially important for under-resourced schools and communities. Taking whatever materials they have and tinkering with them is a simple way to develop those important “maker” skills. And anyone, anywhere, can do it. 41．What do you know about educators and business leaders from Paragraph 1? A．They will play together. B．They have nothing in common. C．They share the same goals. D．They will partner with each other. 42．What is the best way to prepare children for a successful future? A．Mixing STEM skills with DIY activities. B．Developing specific technologies. C．Paying attention to STEM skills. D．Relating to subject matter. 43．Why does the author mention NASA’s best well-rounded problem solvers in Paragraph 3? A．To stress the benefits of skills. B．To show the findings of NASA． C．To explain the ways of tinkering. D．To prove the importance of tinkering 44．What does the author advise schools and communities with limited resources to do? A．Add teaching materials. B．Apply resources at hand. C．Introduce advanced technology. D．Provide problem-solving opportunities. 【答案】41．D 42．A 43．D 44．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述科技公司与教育机构合作，通过结合创意活动与STEM技能，培养学生的创造性和动手能力，以适应未来的发展需求。 41．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may seem. Teachers want to prepare students for a successful future. Technology companies have an interest in developing a workforce with the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) skills needed to grow the company and advance the industry. How can they work together to achieve these goals? Play may be the answer. (教育工作者和商业领袖的共同点比看起来要多。老师想让学生为成功的未来做好准备。科技公司有兴趣培养具有STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）技能的员工，以促进公司发展和行业发展。他们如何共同努力实现这些目标？玩耍可能是答案。)”可知，教育工作者和商业领袖将相互合作。故选D 42．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Paying attention to STEM skills is important, but the reality is that STEM skills can be improved when they are mixed with traditional, hands-on creative activities. This mix is proving to be the best way to prepare today’s children to be the makers and builders of tomorrow. （关注STEM技能很重要，但现实情况是，当STEM技能与传统的动手创意活动相结合时，可以提高这些技能。事实证明，这种组合是让今天的孩子成为明天的创造者和建设者的最佳方式。）”可知，将STEM技能与传统的、动手的创造性活动相结合是为孩子成功的未来做准备的最佳方式，故选A项。 43．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“These are skills acquired when kids tinker （鼓捣小玩意）. High-tech industries such as NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory have found that their best well-rounded problem solvers were master tinkers in their youth. （这些都是孩子们在鼓捣小玩意时获得的技能。美国国家航空航天局喷气推进实验室等高科技行业发现，他们中最全面的问题解决者在年轻时都是鼓捣小玩意的大师。)”可知，作者在第3段中提到了美国宇航局最全面的问题解决者是出于证明鼓捣小玩意的重要性。故选D。 44．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Moreover, it doesn’t take 21st-century technology to develop 21st-century skills. This is especially important for under-resourced schools and communities. Taking whatever materials they have and tinkering with them is a simple way to develop those important “maker” skills. And anyone, anywhere, can do it. （此外，培养21世纪的技能并不需要21世纪的技术。这对资源不足的学校和社区尤其重要。利用他们拥有的任何材料并对其进行修补是培养这些重要的“制造者”技能的简单方法。任何人在任何地方都可以做到。）”可知，作者建议资源有限的学校和社区使用方便的资源。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏南通如东·期中） Does technology replace more jobs than it creates? What is the balance between these two things? Until now, that has not been completely measured. However, a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U. S. history since 1940. The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost because of machine automation （自动化）, and how many jobs have been created through augmentation （扩增）, in which technology creates new chances and tasks. In this research, Autor and his workmates studied about 35,000 jobs, recording how they appeared over time. That led them to find that technology has replaced more U. S. jobs than it has created, particularly since 1980. “Clearly, from 1980 to the present, there is a faster rate of automation and a slower rate of augmentation than in the former 40 years,” says Autor. From 1940 to 1980, for example, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter （排字工人） were getting automated. But at the same time, more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers, department heads and industrial engineers. From 1980 to 2020, the number of machinists （机械工） dropped because of automation, while operations and systems researchers enjoyed growth. Finally, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2020 period as in the 1940-1980 period. There was a more positive change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2020 compared to 1940-1980. Automation and augmentation often happen within the same industries. Within the same large company, there may be fewer machinists but more systems researchers. “Technology is really making a difference,” Autor says. “It may substitute some expert knowledge or skills, but may add decision-making tasks. It takes a while to figure them out.” 45．What does Autor’s study focus on? A．The key to searching for a job. B．The solutions to taking up new tasks. C．The influence of new technology on jobs. D．The application of machines to industry. 46．How does the author prove his idea in paragraph 3? A．By listing figures. B．By raising questions. C．By telling stories. D．By giving examples. 47．What does the underlined word “substitute” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Depend on. B．Take the place of. C．Take control of. D．Concentrate on. 48．What is the best title for the text? A．Are Jobs More Challenging or More Friendly? B．Are New Technologies Job Killers or Creators? C．Which Is Better, Automation or Augmentation? D．Who Are More Efficient, Humans or Machines? 【答案】45．C 46．D 47．B 48．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了技术的发展对就业的影响。 45．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost because of machine automation （自动化）, and how many jobs have been created through augmentation （扩增）, in which technology creates new chances and tasks. （这项研究使用了新的方法来研究机器自动化导致了多少工作岗位的流失，以及技术创造了多少新的机会和任务，从而创造了多少工作岗位。）”可知，奥托的研究重点是新技术对就业的影响。故选C。 46．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ ‘Clearly, from 1980 to the present, there is a faster rate of automation and a slower rate of augmentation than in the former 40 years,’ says Autor. From 1940 to 1980, for example, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter （排字工人） were getting automated. But at the same time, more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers, department heads and industrial engineers. From 1980 to 2020, the number of machinists （机械工） dropped because of automation, while operations and systems researchers enjoyed growth. （很明显，从1980年到现在，与过去40年相比，自动化的速度更快，而人工智能的增长速度更慢，”奥托尔说。例如，从1940年到1980年，电梯操作员和排字工等工作正在实现自动化。但与此同时，更多的工人填补了运输和接收管理员、采购员、部门主管和工业工程师等职位。从1980年到2020年，由于自动化的发展，机械师的数量下降了，而操作和系统研究人员的数量却有所增加。）”可知，举出了从1940年到980年，电梯操作员和排字工等工作正在实现自动化的例子。可知，第三段作者通过举例子的方式。故选D。 47．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Automation and augmentation often happen within the same industries. Within the same large company, there may be fewer machinists but more systems researchers （自动化和增强通常发生在相同的行业中。在同一家大公司里，机械师可能更少，但系统研究人员可能更多）”以及画线词后“but may add decision-making tasks. （但可能会增加决策任务。）”可知，技术可能会增加决策任务，而前文提到的“substitute”与“增加决策任务”是转折关系，所以指的是“技术可能取代一些专家知识或者技能”，划线单词的意思应与“取代。意义相近。故选B。 48．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Does technology replace more jobs than it creates? What is the balance between these two things? Until now, that has not been completely measured. However, a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U. S. history since 1940. (科技取代的工作比创造的工作多吗？这两者之间的平衡是什么？到目前为止，这一点还没有得到完全地衡量。然而，麻省理工学院（MIT）经济学家戴维•奥托尔（David Autor）领导的一项新研究项目给出了答案，至少是针对1940年以来的美国历史。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要说明的是技术的发展对就业的影响；讨论了新技术是否取代了更多的工作还是创造了更多的工作。故选B。 主题02 人与社会——中国文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏南通通州·期中） Ten years ago, when asked about popular activities for fun, many people would say going to KTV or amusement parks. However, young people now spend their free time at health clubs, or getting tuina（推拿）, or even foot massage （按摩） to experience traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practices, such as acupuncture（针灸）. A survey in 2023 by China Youth Daily showed that 93.3% of 1, 000 young people have tried TCM. ATCM doctor named Ma Huifang said that many young people were coming to her for health problems like neck and back pain, and dry eyes, which used to be seniors’ problems. These issues are becoming common in young people because of bad lifestyles and too much stress. When choosing between Western medicine and TCM, young people like TCM better because it works well for their health problems. Some people say TCM is not scientific enough, but Ma thinks TCM is more accurate（精确的） because it treats people based on their own needs. TCM is becoming a big part of young people’s lives. They are learning TCM skills to help themselves and others. Jin Ying, a 25-year-old student at Minzu University of China, is an enthusiast of TCM. She learned acupuncture and tuina at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. She even helped her roommate with insomnia（失眠） using ear seeds from a therapy（疗法） called auricular acupoint therapy. Jin also follows the Five Elements theory in her daily life. In winter, she saves energy by not sweating too much. For her, learning TCM is about living a new way of life and understanding Chinese culture. “TCM helps young people learn about our national heritage （遗产） and see it as a treasure of our culture.” Jin says. 49．What changes have taken place in young people? A．They have stopped spending time in health clubs. B．They have begun to go to KTV and amusement parks. C．They depend more on western medicine for treatment. D．They spend more time joining in healthy activities. 50．Why do young people prefer TCM therapies according to Ma Huifang? A．Because they are effective treatments. B．Because they can stop bad lifestyles. C．Because they can help relieve stress. D．Because they are cheaper than others. 51．Why does the writer mention Jin Ying? A．To show her medical skills. B．To prove the acceptance of TCM. C．To praise her for her kindness. D．To explain the progress of TCM. 52．What do we know about TCM from the last paragraph? A．It is based on the Five Elements theory. B．It is common for young people to learn TCM. C．It can help people understand Chinese culture. D．It can help people stop sweating too much. 【答案】49．D 50．A 51．B 52．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在年轻人更喜欢中医。 49．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, young people now spend their free time at health clubs, or getting tuina （推拿）, or even foot massage to experience traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practices, such as acupuncture （针灸）. (然而，现在的年轻人把空闲时间花在健身俱乐部，或做按摩，甚至足底按摩，以体验中医（TCM）的疗法，如针灸。)”可知，现在年轻人花更多的时间参加健康类的活动。故选D。 50．细节理解题。根据第二段“When choosing between Western medicine and TCM, young people like TCM better because it works well for their health problems. （当选择西医和中医时，年轻人更喜欢中医，因为它对他们的健康问题有很好的效果。）”可知，在Ma Huifang看来年轻人更喜欢中医是因为中医的疗效很好。故选A。 51．推理判断题。根据第三段“TCM is becoming a big part of young people’s lives. They are learning TCM skills to help themselves and others. （中医正在成为年轻人生活的重要组成部分。他们正在学习中医技巧来帮助自己和他人。）” 以及下文Jin Ying的例子可推断，作者写Jin Ying的例子是为了体现中医在年轻人当中的接受度。故选B。 52．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For her, learning TCM is about living a new way of life and understanding Chinese culture. “TCM helps young people learn about our national heritage （遗产） and see it as a treasure of our culture,” Jin says.（对她来说，学习中医是一种新的生活方式、了解中国文化。金说：“中医帮助年轻人了解我们的民族遗产，并将其视为我们文化的瑰宝。”）”可知中医可以帮助人们了解中国文化。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏扬州江都·期中） Parkinson’s is a progressive brain disease which leads to shaky hands and slow movement, and there is no cure. Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese martial art that combines （结合） slow, gentle movements with deep breathing and relaxation, may be an effective means of reducing the suffering. Recently, the researchers said that those who practiced the martial arts twice a week had fewer complications （并发症） and better quality of life than those who didn’t. Experts say the findings back up previous studies on the benefits of exercise for those with Parkinson’s. The study, from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, monitored the health of hundreds of Parkinson’s patients for up to five years. One group of 147 people practiced regular Tai Chi while another group of 187 did not. The researchers found that the disease progressed more slowly in the Tai Chi group on measurements of symptoms (症状), movement and balance. This group also saw fewer falls, less back pain and dizziness, with memory and concentration problems also lower than in the other group. At the same time, sleep and quality of life continuously improved. Prof. Alastair Noyce, professor in neurology and neuroepidemiology (神经流行病学) at Queen Mary University of London, called it “an important study” - the positive effects on aspects of motor （运动的） and non-motor functions are striking. However, researchers also pointed out that the number of participants in the study was relatively small, and further research is needed. “We already recommend Tai Chi, as well as other forms of exercise, but understanding which forms of exercise are most beneficial is an important goal to improve the long-term management of patients,” he said. 53．Why was the study conducted? A．To remove the misunderstanding of the previous studies. B．To research the benefits of Tai Chi for those with Parkinson’s. C．To find a cure for Parkinson’s disease. D．To improve the sleep quality of Parkinson’s patients. 54．Which of the following is a finding of the researchers? A．The concentration level was lower in the Tai Chi group. B．Patients in the non-Tai Chi group seldom fell down. C．The disease progressed more slowly in the Tai Chi group. D．Back pain and dizziness were relieved in the non-Tai group. 55．What does the underlined word “striking” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Disappointing. B．Demanding. C．Challenging. D．Amazing. 56．What can we learn from Prof. Alastair Noyce’s words? A．It is unnecessary to do more related studies. B．It’s impossible to improve the long-term management of patients. C．Tai Chi should be given more preference. D．Finding the most beneficial exercise is of importance. 【答案】53．B 54．C 55．D 56．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太极拳作为一种中国传统武术，可能对帕金森病患者的症状缓解和生活质量提升具有积极作用。 53．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese martial art that combines （结合） slow, gentle movements with deep breathing and relaxation, may be an effective means of reducing the suffering. Recently, the researchers said that those who practiced the martial arts twice a week had fewer complications （并发症） and better quality of life than those who didn’t. Experts say the findings back up previous studies on the benefits of exercise for those with Parkinson’s. （太极拳，这一将缓慢、轻柔的动作与深呼吸及放松相结合的中国传统武术，或许是减轻病痛的一种有效手段。近期，研究人员表示，那些每周练习两次太极拳的患者，相较于不练习的患者，出现的并发症更少，生活质量也更高。专家称，这些研究结果印证了此前关于运动对帕金森病患者有益的相关研究。）” 可知，研究都是围绕太极拳对帕金森病患者的益处展开的。故选B。 54．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The researchers found that the disease progressed more slowly in the Tai Chi group on measurements of symptoms （症状）, movement and balance. （研究人员发现，从症状、行动能力以及平衡能力等方面的衡量来看，练习太极拳的这一组患者病情进展更为缓慢。）”可知，研究人员发现从症状、运动和平衡方面的测量来看，练太极拳的那一组患者病情进展更慢。故选C。 55．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Prof. Alastair Noyce, professor in neurology and neuroepidemiology（神经流行病学） at Queen Mary University of London, called it “an important study"— the positive effects on aspects of motor（运动的） and non-motor functions are striking. （伦敦玛丽女王大学神经学与神经流行病学教授阿拉斯泰尔・诺伊斯称这是一项“重要的研究”——其对运动功能和非运动功能各方面产生的积极影响……。）”可知，伦敦玛丽女王大学的教授称这项研究是“重要的研究”，并且强调其对运动功能和非运动功能各方面产生的积极影响十分“striking”。结合前文所阐述的练习太极拳的那一组患者在病情进展、摔倒情况、疼痛头晕情况以及睡眠和生活质量等多方面都有良好的表现，说明这种积极影响是很显著、令人惊叹的。选项D“amazing”，意为“令人惊奇的、惊人的”，与此相符。故选D。 56．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““We already recommend Tai Chi, as well as other forms of exercise, but understanding which forms of exercise are most beneficial is an important goal to improve the long-term management of patients,” he said. （他表示：“我们已经推荐太极拳以及其他形式的运动了，但了解哪种运动形式最为有益，对于改善患者的长期病情管理来说是一个重要目标。”）”可知，Prof. Alastair Noyce认为了解哪种运动形式最有益处对于改善患者的长期病情管理是一个重要目标，这明确表明了找到最有益的运动形式是很重要的。故选D。 主题03 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡辅仁高级中学·期中） People with high levels of niacin, also known as vitamin B3; in their blood may be more likely to have a heart attack or stroke than those with lower levels. Excessive (过量的) amounts of the vitamin, which is routinely added to fortified food (强化食品) and can be taken as a supplement (补充物), may inflame (使发炎) blood vessels. Heart attacks and stroke (中风) are leading causes of death worldwide. While researchers have made significant progress over the past few decades in discovering the risk factors for these conditions, they haven't identified them all. In an effort to fill these gaps, Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio and his colleagues collected blood samples (样本) from 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Europe who had elected to undergo cardiovascular screenings (心血管筛查). The team analyzed the samples for substances called metabolites (代谢物), byproducts of metabolic processes such as digestion (消化). The researchers then tracked incidents of cardiac(心脏的) events, such as heart attacks and strokes, among the participants over three years. They found that people with higher levels of a metabolite called 4PY, which only arises when the body breaks down excess niacin, were around 60 percent more likely, on average, to experience such an event than those with lower levels. And it was found in further experiment that 4PY causes blood vessel inflammation, a major contributor to the development of heart disease, in rodents. It isn’t uncommon for people to have high niacin levels, Hazen says. This is partially due to certain foods, such as cereals and flours, being routinely fortified with the vitamin in countries that include the UK and the US. Niacin supplements are also increasingly popular as evidence suggests they have anti-ageing benefits, says Hazen. Plus, it wasn’t until recently that doctors stopped prescribing (开处方) high-dose niacin to people at risk of cardiovascular disease, as it was initially thought the vitamin protected people from these conditions by lowering cholesterol. “I think this study really shows that sometimes, when it comes to vitamins, you can have too much of a good thing,” says Jenny Jia at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois. However, this research was mainly conducted in people of European ancestry. It is therefore unclear if similar results would occur in people of different racial or ethnic backgrounds, says Jia. 57．What is presented in paragraph 3? A．Practical examples. B．Historical findings. C．Theoretical models. D．Research procedures. 58．What does the underlined phrase “such an event” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Increased 4PY. B．Extra niacin. C．Blood vessel inflammation. D．Cardiovascular diseases. 59．What might NOT be the reason for people to have high niacin levels? A．Niacin was prescribed to people. B．Certain vitamins are added to foods. C．Food with niacin can rapid aging. D．Having niacin supplement is fashionable. 60．What attitude might Jia have to the study? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Supportive. 【答案】57．D 58．D 59．C 60．C 【导语】本文是一篇关于烟酸与心脏病、中风风险之间关系的研究报告，探讨了过量摄入烟酸可能带来的健康风险。 57．细节理解题。根据第三段“In an effort to fill these gaps, Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio and his colleagues collected blood samples from 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Europe who had elected to undergo cardiovascular screenings. The team analyzed the samples for substances called metabolites, byproducts of metabolic processes such as digestion. The researchers then tracked incidents of cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strokes, among the participants over three years. (为了填补这些空白，俄亥俄州克利夫兰诊所的斯坦利·哈森及其同事们收集了来自美国的2331名成年人和来自欧洲的832名成年人的血液样本，这些人都自愿接受了心血管筛查。研究团队分析了样本中的代谢物，即消化等代谢过程产生的物质。随后，研究人员在三年间跟踪了参与者心脏病事件的发生情况，如心脏病发作和中风。)”可知，这段主要介绍了研究的步骤，包括收集血液样本、分析代谢物以及跟踪心血管事件的发生，故选D。 58．词句猜测题。根据第四段“They found that people with higher levels of a metabolite called 4PY, which only arises when the body breaks down excess niacin, were around 60 percent more likely, on average, to experience such an event than those with lower levels. (他们发现，体内一种名为4PY的代谢物水平较高的人群，平均而言，经历此类事件的可能性比水平较低的人群高出约60%。4PY这种代谢物仅在身体分解过量烟酸时才会产生。)”及第三段“The researchers then tracked incidents of cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strokes, among the participants over three years. (随后，研究人员在三年间跟踪了参与者心脏病事件的发生情况，如心脏病发作和中风。)”可知，这里的“such an event”指的是前文提到的心脏病事件，如心脏病发作和中风，故选D。 59．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This is partially due to certain foods, such as cereals and flours, being routinely fortified with the vitamin in countries that include the UK and the US. Niacin supplements are also increasingly popular as evidence suggests they have anti-ageing benefits, says Hazen. (这种情况部分是由于在包括英国和美国在内的一些国家，某些食物(如谷物和面粉)通常会添加这种维生素。哈森还提到，随着证据表明烟酸具有抗衰老益处，烟酸补充剂也越来越受欢迎。)”以及“it wasn’t until recently that doctors stopped prescribing high-dose niacin to people at risk of cardiovascular disease (直到最近，医生才停止为心血管疾病高危人群开具大剂量烟酸的处方。)”可知，人们烟酸水平高的原因包括医生曾开处方、某些食物中添加维生素、以及补充烟酸变得流行。而“Food with niacin can rapid aging (含有烟酸的食物会导致快速老化)”与文中提到的“evidence suggests they have anti-ageing benefits (有证据表明它们具有抗衰老益处)”相矛盾，故选C。 60．推理判断题。根据最后一段““I think this study really shows that sometimes, when it comes to vitamins, you can have too much of a good thing, ” says Jenny Jia at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois. However, this research was mainly conducted in people of European ancestry. It is therefore unclear if similar results would occur in people of different racial or ethnic backgrounds, says Jia (“我认为这项研究真正表明，有时在维生素方面，过犹不及。”伊利诺伊州芝加哥西北大学的Jenny Jia说。然而，这项研究主要是在欧洲血统的人群中进行的。因此，Jenny Jia指出，目前尚不清楚在不同种族或民族背景的人群中是否会得到类似的结果。)”可知，她认为这项研究显示了过量摄入维生素的问题，但也指出研究主要在欧洲血统的人群中进行，对于不同种族或民族背景的人群结果是否相似尚不清楚。这表明Jia对研究持客观态度，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏扬州扬大附中·期中） I love teaching, but from the stand at the front of the room it can be hard to tell if you're having any impact at all. Until one day, you get an email from a former student detailing the influence you had on their life. We tend to believe that others are watching us less, listening to us less, and generally paying less attention to us than they actually are. Psychologist Erica Boothby and her colleagues coined the term the “invisibility cloak illusion (隐身斗篷错觉)” to describe the invisibility we often feel as we go about our daily lives. In one study, Boothby and her coauthors surveyed students who had been dining with others in a busy campus dining hall. They randomly (随机地) assigned students exiting the dining hall to different conditions. In one condition, the students were asked how much they found themselves noticing or observing the people around them in the dining hall (i.e., their behavior, manners and appearance), how curious they had been about the people around them, and the extent to which they had wondered what was going on inside the heads people around them. Students assigned to another condition were asked how much they thought the other people in the dining hall were noticing or observing them. Participants' ratings of how much they found themselves observing other people were more than 67 percent higher than participants' ratings of how much they thought other people were observing them. Despite the fact that everyone is busy observing everyone else, we tend to think we are somehow more invisible than the people around us. This research drives away the wrong idea that in order to get someone to pay attention to you, you have to wave your hands around and shout. Ad executives may need to pull out all the stops in order to grab people's attention, but you don't. You already have it. You are a person, not an ad or a tweet, and people are wired to notice other people. More than that, they are wired to wonder what other people are thinking, and to adjust their own thoughts and behaviors accordingly. What this means is that you are quietly influencing the people around you all the time — without even trying, and often without realizing it. 61．What does the author intend to show by mentioning his experience? A．He dislikes working as a teacher. B．He knows little about his students. C．He fails to recognize his influence. D．He has no confidence in his teaching. 62．What did the study try to find out about the students? A．Ways they could attract people’s attention. B．Kinds of people they were more likely to notice. C．The degree they thought they were being observed. D．Reasons why they noticed some people more easily. 63．How do people adjust their own thoughts and behaviors according to the last paragraph? A．By observing other’s actions. B．By knowing their own feelings. C．By showing their own behaviors. D．By understanding others’ thoughts. 64．What does the text mainly talk about? A．People need to understand each other. B．People focus too much on themselves. C．People are easily influenced by others. D．People tend to ignore their own influence. 【答案】61．C 62．C 63．D 64．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要通过介绍一个心理学概念“隐身斗篷错觉”和相关的研究，来说明人们在日常生活中往往低估了他人对自己的注意程度。 61．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Until one day, you get an email from a former student detailing the influence you had on their life. (直到某天你收到之前一位学生的电子邮件，详细描述了你对他们生活的影响。)”可知，在此之前作者没能意识到他对他人的影响。故选C项。 62．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Students assigned to another condition were asked how much they thought the other people in the dining hall were noticing or observing them. (在另一种条件下，学生们被问及他们认为餐厅里的其他人注意或观察他们的程度。)”可知，该研究的目的是研究学生们所认为的其他人观察他们的程度。故选C项。 63．细节理解题。根据最后段第四句“More than that, they are wired to wonder what other people are thinking, and to adjust their own thoughts and behaviors accordingly. (更重要的是，人们天生就好奇别人在想什么，并据此调整自己的想法和行为。)”可知，人们靠理解他人的相法调整自己的想法和行为。故选D项。 64．主旨大意题。文章第一段指出人们常常感觉到自己被他人忽视，而实际上他人可能比我们想象的更关注我们。第二段和第三段描述了一项研究，表明人们常低估了他人对自己的注意程度，而我们自己可能并未意识到这一点。第四段指出每个人都在不自觉地对周围的人产生影响，而这种影响往往是微妙且不自知的。因此全文主要说明的是人们往往忽视自己对他人的影响。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡江阴·期中） In the animal kingdom, killer whales (虎鲸) are social stars: they travel in different family groups, care for grandchildren, and even imitate human speech. Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships. A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that is a sign of strong friendship. Some ocean animals maintain social structures — including male dolphins (海豚) that learn the “names” of their close friends. But there is little proof about wild killer whales. That’s where drone (无人机) technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his workmates to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales. That was high enough not to trouble the whales, marking the first time drones have been used to study friendly physical contact in whales. The researchers recorded over 800 examples of physical contact between individuals. Those included slippery hugs, back-to-back and nose-to-nose touches between pairs of whales. Other whales playfully threw young whales into the air, letting them fall into the water. Besides, the drone pictures showed clear preferences among individuals, usually for one “best friend” of the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for example. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there communicating with each other,” Weiss says. The young led most of these interactions, rather than the older females or males. Older males in particular were less important. “The young individuals really seem to be the glue (胶水) holding the groups together, Weiss says. As individuals age, this gradual loss of “centrality” is known in many social mammals, including humans. That finding is “especially appealing” to biological anthropologist Stacey Tecot, who didn’t join in the study. “Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new proofs, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss. 65．What does the underlined word “rival” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Rise to. B．Be equal to. C．Benefit from. D．Depend on. 66．What is new about Weiss’ research? A．The research method. B．The size of the research team. C．The target of the research. D．The time spent on the research. 67．What did Weiss find about J49 and J51? A．They have a long-lasting friendship. B．Their communication is difficult to understand. C．Their communicating ways change frequently. D．They prefer playing with young female whales. 68．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．More researchers will take part in the study. B．Other scientists take a negative attitude to the research. C．Researchers will get more proofs to study killer whales. D．Researchers will uncover the social aging trend in animals soon. 【答案】65．B 66．A 67．A 68．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家对虎鲸社交行为的新发现，特别是它们能够快速建立友谊的行为，并使用了无人机技术进行研究。 65．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“In the animal kingdom, killer whales (虎鲸) are social stars: they travel in different family groups, care for grandchildren, and even imitate human speech.(在动物界中，虎鲸是社交明星：它们以不同的家族群体出游，照顾孙辈，甚至模仿人类语言。)”可知，虎鲸是社交明星，有高度的社交能力和行为。划线单词所在句“A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that is a sign of strong friendship.(一项新的研究表明，在表示深厚友谊的‘社交接触’方面，虎鲸可以与黑猩猩、猕猴甚至人类_____” )，根据上文所提到的虎鲸的社交能力和行为，所以这里应该是指虎鲸在这方面的能力与黑猩猩、猕猴甚至人类相匹敌，因此“rival”的意思应该是“与……相匹敌”。选项B“Be equal to.(等于、与……相匹敌)”与此相符。故选B。 66．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But there is little proof about wild killer whales. That’s where drone (无人机) technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his workmates to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales. That was high enough not to trouble the whales, marking the first time drones have been used to study friendly physical contact in whales.(但关于野生虎鲸的社交行为，几乎没有证据。这时，无人机技术派上了用场。行为生态学家Michael Weiss与同事合作，放飞无人机，在距离一群虎鲸30至120米的高空飞行。这个高度足够高，不会干扰到虎鲸，也是首次使用无人机来研究鲸鱼的友好身体接触。)”可知，Michael Weiss的研究新在研究方法上。故选A。 67．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for example. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there communicating with each other,” Weiss says.(以J49和J51为例，它们是两个血缘关系较远的年轻雄性，分别为9岁和6岁。“每次你看到一群鲸鱼时，它们两个都在那里互相交流，”Weiss说。)”可知，J49和J51每次看到一群鲸鱼时都会互相交流，说明它们之间有长久的友谊。故选A。 68．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new proofs, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss.(“科学家们长期以来一直在观察动物中的这种社交老化趋势，但仍有许多未解之谜，”她说。这肯定在研究人员的研究范围内。“我们正在用更先进的设备收集新的证据，”Weiss说。)”可知，研究者们希望有更多的数据来进行研究，也就是研究者们将获得更多证据来研究虎鲸。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·江苏盐城东台第一中学·期中） Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming the planet. While cars and trains are moving towards greener, electric power, emissions from air travel are expected to increase massively by 2050. If we want big green sky solutions, we need blue sky thinking. Fortunately, there’s plenty of that happening right now, particularly the short-haul (运输) flights powered by batteries. Harbour Air is the largest seaplane airline in North America, flying 30, 000 commercial flights in 40 seaplanes each year. Significantly, all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes, making it perfectly fit for electric engines. “As an airline, we’re currently in the process of turning all our planes into electric airplanes.” says CEO Greg Mc Dougall. To make this happen, the airline has partnered up with MagniX to create the world’s first commercial flight with an electric engine. Making the skies electric isn’t just good for the environment, it also makes sound financial sense: a small aircraft uses $400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight, while an electric one costs $8-12 for the same distance, and that’s before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine. There’s also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet. While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyone’s feet firmly on the ground. A battery, even a lithium (锂) one, only provides 250watt-hours per kilogram; compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground. In aircraft, where every bit of weight counts, this can’t just be ignored. It’s certainly an exciting time for electric flying though. With companies like Harbour Air taking the lead, battery-powered planes, especially on short-haul journeys, are set to become a reality in the next few years. 69．According to Para.1, what is happening in air transport? A．Pollution caused by batteries is being controlled. B．Efforts are being made to make air travel greener. C．Demand for short-haul flights is increasing massively. D．New explorations of the sky are being launched. 70．The expression “added bonus” in Para3 refers to the fact that electric planes . A．cost less in maintenance than traditional ones. B．give passengers more pleasant views. C．offer more enjoyable flying experiences. D．bring airlines more financial benefits. 71．What might be the biggest challenge of electric flying? A．To balance power and weight of batteries in e-planes. B．To find qualified technicians for e-plane industry. C．To improve the ground service for e-planes. 72．What is the author’s attitude towards the prospect of electric flying? A．Doubtful. B．Wait-and-see. C．Short-sighted. D．Positive. 【答案】69．B 70．C 71．A 72．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电池驱动飞机的优点，也表达了作者对于未来电池驱动飞机的向往。 69．细节理解题。根据第一段“If we want big green sky solutions, we need blue sky thinking. Fortunately, there’s plenty of that happening right now, particularly the short-haul (运输) flights powered by batteries.(如果我们想要大的绿色天空解决方案，我们需要蓝天思维。幸运的是，现在有很多这样的事情正在发生，特别是由电池供电的短途航班)”可知，人们正在努力使得航空飞行更加环保。故选B。 70．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.(没有巨大的引擎噪音，没有燃油的味道，只是环保的和平和安静)”可知，乘坐电动飞机没有巨大的引擎噪音，没有燃油的味道，只是环保的和平和安静，即提供更愉快的飞行体验。故“额外奖励”一词指的是电动飞机提供更愉快的飞行体验。故选C。 71．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A battery, even a lithium (锂) one, only provides 250watt-hours per kilogram; compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground. In aircraft, where every bit of weight counts, this can’t just be ignored.(一块电池，即使是锂电池，也只能提供每公斤250瓦时的电量；相比之下，液体燃料的比能量为每千克11890瓦时。然而，携带足够的电池会使飞机太重而无法起飞。在飞机上，每一点重量都很重要，这一点不能被忽视)”可知，电动飞行最大的挑战是平衡电动飞机电池的功率和重量。故选A。 72．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With companies like Harbour Air taking the lead, battery-powered planes, especially on short-haul journeys, are set to become a reality in the next few years.(随着海港航空等公司的引领，电池驱动的飞机，尤其是短途旅行的飞机，将在未来几年内成为现实)”可推知，作者对于电池驱动飞机持乐观态度。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$