Unit1-5 语法课件 2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册

Grammar review My experience 形容词副词原级，比较级以及最高级 03 Table of contents About me 复合不定代词&一般过去时 01 What I do 情态动词Can和Could的用法 02 My work 感叹句 04 复合不定代词& 一般过去时area 01 语法 复合不定代词 含义： 由some、any、no、every加上-body、-one、thing构成的不定代词叫作复合不定代词。 复合不定代词只相当于名词，在句中用作主语、宾语或表语。 分类 -one指人：someone,anyone,everyone，no one, -thing指物： something，anything，everything，nothing -body指人：somebody ,anybody,everybody ,nobody , 用法 复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 复合不定代词被定语(形容词、不定式、else等)修饰时, 定语 要后置 some-类 常用于肯定句；any-类 常用于否定句和疑问句。 注意事项 除了no one以外，其他复合不定代词都写成一个词。 在表示请求、建议或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中，要用some-类复合不定代词 4 1.含义： 由some、any、no、every加上-body、-one、thing构成的不定代词叫作复合不定代词。 2.注意： 除了no one以外，其他复合不定代词都写成一个词。 复合不定代词只相当于名词，在句中用作主语、宾语或表语。 复合不定代词 单元语法 复合不定代词分类 指人 指人 指物 one body thing some- someone 某人 somebody 某人 something 某物 any- anyone 任何人/某人 anybody 某人/任何人 anything 某物/任何物 no- no one 没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing 没事，没有 every- everyone 每个人 everybody 每个人 everything 一切，每件事 单元语法 单元语法 复合不定代词用法 1.复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 e.g. 1. Everyone says Yulong Mountain is beautiful. 2.Nobody knows what the future will be like. 练习： 1.I'm on vacation in Hangzhou and everything ___(be) fantastic. 2.No one ________ (like) to fail 单元语法 2.复合不定代词被定语(形容词、不定式、else等)修饰时, 定语 要后置 e.g. 1.Did you do anything fun on your holiday? 2.I did nothing special. 3.Yesterday, I met someone interesting. 3. some-类 常用于肯定句；any-类 常用于否定句和疑问句。 e.g. 1.I want to buy something special for my grandmother. 2.Do you have anything to buy? 注意：在表示请求、建议或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中， 要用some-类复合不定代词 Would you like something to eat ? 单元语法 中考对接 I was looking for a birthday gift for my mother, but I couldn’t find ____ suitable. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything B Exercise 1. Do you have _____ to do this evening? A. important something B. anything important C. something important 2. _____ is watching TV. Let’s turn it off . A . Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody B C 单元语法 一、单项选择 1. I am really tired after the basketball game. ________ is better than a good rest. A．Everything B．Something C．Nothing 2. I advise you not to show ________ on Wechat because it may cause trouble. A．anything personal B．personal anything C．something personal D．personal something 3. —At Chengdu Research Base, the panda, Huahua, is very popular and people stand in a long line to see her. —She is so lovely that ________ could say no to her. A．everybody B．anybody C．somebody D．nobody 针对训练 单元语法 一般过去时 时间状语 含义 常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday、last weekend/night及“一段时间+ ago”等 表示过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。。 句式结构 -般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+其他? Was it sunny yesterday? 昨天天气晴朗吗? 谓语动词为be动词 谓语动词为实义动词 否定句:主语+ didn’t+动词原形+其他. He didn't go to the cinema yesterday. 他昨天没去看电影。lick to add text 肯定句:主语+ was/were+其他. You were late for school this morning. 你今天早上上学迟到了。 肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他Iwrote aletter last night.昨晚我写了一封信。lick to add text 否定句:主语+was/were+not+其他,Mike was not at home yesterday. 迈克昨天不在家。 -般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其他?Did you see Linda in the library?你在图书馆看见琳达了吗?Click to add text 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形 + 其他? What did you do last weekend? 你上周末干什么了?lick to add text 13 一般过去时的句式结构 句子类型 含系动词be 含行为动词 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他. 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 其他. 主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 +其他? Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 1.一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加 - ed。 例如：work - worked（工作）、play - played（玩）、visit - visited（参观） 2.以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，直接加 - d。 例如：like - liked（喜欢）、live - lived（居住）、hope - hoped（希望） 3.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加 - ed。 例如：study - studied（学习）、carry - carried（携带）、worry - worried（担心） 4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 - ed。 例如：stop - stopped（停止）、plan - planned（计划）、chat - chatted（聊天 规则动词过去式的变化规则： 中考对接 —That’s a nice mobile phone. —It is my aunt _____ it for my last birthday. A. buy B. will buy C. have bought D. bought D Exercise: 根据要求改写下列句子 1. Lucy did her homework yesterday evening. (改为否定句) Lucy ______ ___ _____ ____________ yesterday evening. 2. Jim went to the beach last Sunday. (对画线部分提问) ______ ______ Jim ______ last Sunday? 3. They played basketball yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) ________ they _______ basketball yesterday? 4. The students had great fun in the park. (改为同义句) The students _____ ___ ____________ ______ in the park. didn’t do her homework What did do Did play had a good/great time 单元语法 一、单项选择 1.（2025·北京·中考）—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A．water B．have watered C．watered D．are going to water 2.（2025·绥化·中考）On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and ________ them on the plate. A．laid B．lay C．lain 3.（2024·内蒙古·中考）In China, hotpot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first ________ in the Mongolia area, and then became popular in the southern part of China. A．has appeared B．appears C．will appear D．appeared 针对训练 02 情态动词Can和Could的用法 情态动词can和could用法 情态动词can和could可用于向对方提出请求，也可用于请求对方允许自己做某事。它本身不能作谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。 1. 用于提出要求或请求 “Can/Could you please...?”意为“请你……好吗？”或“你能/可以……吗？”，用于提出要求或请求。常用答语有： 肯定回答 Yes, sure./Of course. 好的，当然可以。 No problem. 没问题。 With pleasure. 乐意帮忙。 Sure/Of course/Certainly. 当然可以。 否定回答 Sorry, I can’t. I have to... 对不起，我不能。我得…… Sorry, I’m going to... 对不起，我将…… I’m afraid I can’t. I have to... 恐怕不行。我得…… I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。 —Can you please lend me your bike? 请把你的自行车借给我好吗？ —Sure/Of course/Certainly. 当然可以。 —Could you please go hiking with me tomorrow? 请你明天和我一起去远足好吗？ —Sorry, I can’t. I have to prepare for a competition. 对不起，我不能。我得准备一个比赛。 典例 —Can you go out with us tonight?  —I’d love to, but I . I have to finish my work. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 解析：句意：“今晚你可以和我们出去吗？”“我愿意，但是我不能。我必须完成我的工作。” can’t不能；mustn’t 禁止；needn’t 不必；shouldn’t 不应该。根据“I have to finish my work.”可知，说话者要完成工作，不能答应对方的请求。故选A。 A 2. 用于请求许可 Can/Could I...?”意为“我能……吗？”，用于请求对方允许自己做某事。常用的答语有： 肯定回答 Yes, you can. 是的，你可以。 Of course you can. 当然可以。 Yes, please. 是的，去吧/用吧/…… 否定回答 Sorry, you can’t. 对不起，你不可以。 Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t. 对不起，恐怕不行。 —Could I have a look at your new watch? 我能看一下你的新手表吗？ —Of course you can. Here you are. 当然可以。给你。 —Mum, could I go out for a while? 妈妈，我能出去一会儿吗？ —I’m afraid you can’t.You have to wash your clothes first. 恐怕不能。你得先把你的衣服洗了。 【特别提醒】 （1）表示提出请求或请求许可（即请求别人允许自己做某事）时，could 和can都可以用，但could语气更委婉。 Could/Can I come in?我可以进来吗? （2）对别人的请求给予许可时，一般只用can，而不用could。 —Could I use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗？ —Of course you can. 当然可以。 此处不能用could 26 3. 用于表示能力 表示现在的能力用can，表示过去的能力用could。此时could是can的过去式。 My sister can swim. 我的妹妹会游泳。 He couldn’t answer the question at that time. 他当时不能回答那个问题。 Exercise 1. — you remind Sally not to wear her school uniform for the picnic tomorrow?  —OK. I’ll tell her. A. Must B. Should C. Can D. Need 2. The lovely boy ride the bike at the age of six. A. must B. could C. need D. should 3. —Bill, I use your ruler? —Of course, you can. Here you are. A. can B. must C. need D. should C B A 02 形容词副词原级，比较级以及最高级 1.什么是形容词的原级？ 表示修饰两种东西的程度是一样的,用 as… as表示原级，译为:“和……一样”。 2.什么是形容词的比较级？ 表示两者相比，一个比另一个更……，有比较级的句中有than,且仅限于两者比较。 3.什么是形容词的最高级？ 表示三者及以上相比，最...... 形容词的原级，比较级和最高级 This tree is as ____ as that tree. The green bag is as ____as the blue one. This pencil is as ____ as that pencil. tall big long 原 级 当两个人或两件事物进行比较时，形容词和副词要用比较级，也就是词尾-er形式，比较级常常用than来连接被比较的两个人或事物。 ► I am shorter than you. 我比你矮。 ￥20 ￥30 cheap cheaper The pink dress is cheap. The black dress is ___________ the pink one. cheaper than The red car is cute. The blue car______________ the red car. (蓝车比红车更可爱) is cuter than The red apple is big. The green apple is ____________ the red one. bigger than 56.1kg heavy 58kg Garfield is heavy. Doraemon is ____________ Garfield. heavier heavier than Garfield Doraemon Linda Nancy Kate Linda is __________ girl of the three. Kate is ___________ girl of the three. the tallest the shortest 37 比较级 1. 构成的规则变化: 1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾 后加-er 构成比较级 或-est构成最高级. 如： 原级 比较级 最高级 cold –—— colder –—— coldest bright——— brighter———brightest young—— younger—— youngest 2) 以字母 e 结尾的词只加 –r 或-st 构成比较级 和最高级。 原级 比较级 最高级 nice —— nicer –—— nicest fine —— finer —— finest large —— larger —— largest 3) 重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写 这个辅音字母，再加-er或-est。 如: big – bigger – biggest thin – thinner – thinnest 4) 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词，先改y为i，再 加-er或-est。如： easy – easier – easiest happy – happier – happiest 更多电子资源微信dzzy888666 5) 多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或most。 如： delicious — more delicious — most delicious interesting — more interesting — most interesting important — more important — most important 2. 构成的不规则变化: e.g. good / well – better – best bad / badly/ill – worse – worst many / much – more – most little – less – least far – farther / further – farthest/ furthest old-older/elder-oldest/eldest 讲述两者有差异，第一个人物超过第二个人物时用比较级。基本句型： 主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+主语(‘B’)+…          e.g. A modern train is faster than a car. 现代的火车比轿车快多了。   This book didn’t cost me more than that one. 这本书花费我的钱不比那本多。        比较级的用法 在形容词比较级前还可用much, even, still, far a little来修饰，表示“……的多”，“甚至……”, “更……”, “……一些”。 e.g. This city is much more beautiful than before. She’s a little more outgoing than me. It’s a little colder today. “比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……” 多音节比较级用“more and more＋形容词原级” 形式。如： ► It’s getting worse and worse. ► The group became more and more popular. “Which / Who is + 比较级…？”比较A、B两事物, 问其中哪一个较……时用此句型。如： Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one? Who is more active, Mary or Kate? Which one is more popular among students, going to concerts or going to movies? the+比较级...，the+比较级... “越...,越...” eg.The more,the better. The harder you work,the better grades you'll get. Ex. __________you're,________mistakes you'll make. A.The careful,the less B.The more careful,the less C.The more carefully,the fewer D.The more careful,the fewer ✔ 使用形容词比较级时需注意以下几点： 1）than后面接代词时, 一般要用主格形式，但在口语中也 可使用宾格形式。 如： ► My brother is taller than I/me. 2）当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, still等来修饰形容词比较级。 注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。如： ► He is much more serious than Sam. 3）形容词比较级后面往往用连词than连接另一个比较的 人或事物, 但在上下文明确的情况下, 形容词比较级可单 独使用。如： ► My sister is tall, but my aunt is taller. 我姐姐个子高, 但我姑姑个子更高。 4）进行比较的人和物必须是同一类。 ► My books are more than yours. ► I have more books than you. old→ fat→ young→ ugly→ high→ low→ light→ white→ sunny→ hot→ cool→ older fatter younger uglier higher lower lighter whiter sunnier hotter cooler Exercises I. 将下列形容词变成比较级形式： II. 词汇。 1. I’m short but my sister is ________(short). 2. My mother has long hair, and my sister has ________ (long) hair. 3.This little baby is _________________(outgoing) than that one. shorter longer more outgoing 4. In some ways we look the same, but in some ways we look ____________(不同). 5. Ann is a very _______(安静的) girl, she hardly makes noise. different quiet 1. The twins ______ lovely girls. A. are all B. are both C. both are 2. I like drawing and I am good _____ it. A. in B. on C. at 3. That box is _______ than others. A. more heavier B. heavy C. much heavier III. 单项选择。 B C C 4. She is three years _______ than I am. A. old B. more old C. older 5. I think a good friend should make me ____. A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh C A 6. Lucy is very short, but she is ___ than her sister. A. shorter B. longer C. taller D. older 7. Frank is ____ friendly than his brother. A. a little more B. a few more C. much D. a little 8. Sam is ____at Chinese than Jim. A. good B. well C. better D. gooder C A C 9. This one is too large. Can you show me a _____one? A. larger B. large C. small D. smaller 10. —Do you think March is ____than January? —Yes, it’s ____ warmer. A. better, a little B. well, much C. worse, very D. nicer, quite D A 一What do you think of English? 一I think English is as _____ as Chinese. A.useful B.more useful C.the most useful 中考链接 as…as和……一样，中间用形容词原级。 A – Paul, do you prefer weekdays or weekends? – Weekdays, of course.I’m_____on weekends. busy B. much busier C. more busier D. the busiest 由句意可知，Paul更喜欢工作日，因为周末更忙。故选比较级。 B 最高级 1. 用法：英语中三者或三者以上相比较，表示“最……” 这样的最高程度概念时，要用 “the+最高级” 的结构表示。这种句式一般带有表示比较的介词短语，比如: in our class, of the three 等。 例如: Wang Lin is the tallest in our class. This theater is the cheapest of the three. 注意使用最高级时应注意以下几点： 形容词的最高级 (1) 表示 “最……之一” 的句式，要用 one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词。 例如：Jingjiang Hotel is one of the biggest hotels in our city. Lisa is one of my best friends. (2) 当最高级前面有物主代词或名词所有格时，不加定冠词 the。 例如：Tom is Lucy’s best friend. Tuesday is her busiest day. (3) 最高级前可加序数词。 eg.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. (4) 形容最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词，代词时， 被修饰的词往往省略。 eg.He is the laziest (student) in our class. (5)形容最高级用在选择疑问句中， 结构为：Who/Which...,A,B or C? Who is the best English teacher,Mr.Zhang,Miss Li or Miss Wang？ 2. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成 规则变化 一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词比较级直接加-er, 最高级直接加-est。如： clever—cleverer—cleverest cheap—cheaper—cheapest few—fewer—fewest small—smaller—smallest young—younger—youngest b. 以-e 结尾的形容词，比较级+ -r,最高级+ -st。如： large—larger—largest nice—nicer—nicest cute—cuter—cutest c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i +er或+est busy—busier—busiest heavy—heavier—heaviest easy—easier—easiest happy—happier—happiest dirty—dirtier—dirtiest d. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母结 尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加+er或 +est。 如： big—bigger—biggest thin—thinner—thinnest fat—fatter—fattest hot—hotter—hottest e. 多音节和部分双音节形容词，需在原级前+more 构成比较级，+ most 构成最高级。 important—more important—most important beautiful—more beautiful– most beautiful difficult—more difficult—most difficult 3. 不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级 good /well better best bad /ill/badly worse worst little less least many /much more most far farther /further farthest /furthest old older /elder oldest /eldest I. 根据要求写出单词。 1. bad (比较级） 2. do (过去式） 3. best (原级） 4. expensive(反义词） 5. big (最高级） 6. report (名词） 7. friend (形容词） 8. beach（复数） 9. quiet (反义词） 10. store （同义词） worse did good/well cheap biggest reporter friendly beaches noisy shop Exercises 3. Lin Sen is _______________________ in the class because he never gets to school on time. （最懒的学生之一） 4. Edison was_________________________in the world. 　(最伟大的发明家之一） one of the laziest students one of the greatest inventors The Yangtze River is________________river in the world. (第三长河） the third longest 2. The Atlantic is ________________ocean in the world. ( 第二大洋） the second biggest II. 翻译句子。 1.Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second _________ island in China. (large) 2.Our teacher is as ______ as before. (busy). 3.He is __________________ among us. (careful) 4.Li Lei jumped far ______ than Jim. (far) 5.The busier he is, the ________ he feels. (happy) 6.I think Yao Ming is one of ____________ basketball players in NBA. (hot) busy the most careful farther happier largest the hottest III. 完成句子。 LeBron James is one of _______ players in the NBA. He is my hero. better B. the best C. worse D. the worst 中考链接 由“他是我的英雄。”可知詹姆斯是最好的NBA队员之一。one of后面加形容词的最高级。 B — Who runs in your class? — Tom does. None of us can catch him in the race. A. faster B. slower C. fastest D. slowest 由“没人能赶得上他。”可知Tom跑得最快。要选择fast的最高级。 C 感叹句 一、感叹句的定义 感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫感叹句。其特点是通过特定的结构强调情感，而非客观陈述事实或提出问题，句末用感叹号。 感叹句一般用what或how引导。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或者句子。 单数可数名词 What a beautiful flower (it is)! What an interesting story (he told)! 结构： What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)！ 复数可数名词 What lovely children (they are)! What delicious cakes (these are)! 结构： What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)！ 二、What的结构 不可数名词 What heavy rain (it is)! What great progress (she has made)! 结构： What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)！ 注意： (1)单数名词前必须加 a/an，取决于形容词首音素： 元音音素开头用 an（如 interesting, apple）； 辅音音素开头用 a（如 beautiful, story）。 (2)不可数名词前不能加冠词（a/an），且名词用原形。 形容词 How tall the building is! How beautiful she looks! 结构： How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 副词 How fast he runs! How carefully she writes! 结构： How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 三、How的结构 句子 How time flies! How they love each other!(他们多么相爱啊!) 结构： How + 主语 + 谓语动词（+ 宾语 / 状语等）! 注意：特殊结构 (1) How 修饰“形容词+单数名词”： 例如：How intelligent a student (he is)! (2) 当名词前面有many/ much/ few/ little，表示“多多少少”的时候，通常也用How来引导感叹句。 (1) How 修饰“形容词+单数名词”： How clever a boy he is! 他是个多么聪明的男孩啊！ How beautiful a flower it is! 这是一朵多么美丽的花啊！ (2) 当名词前面有many/ much/ few/ little，表示“多多少少”的时候，通常也用How来引导感叹句。 How many books she has! 她有好多书啊！ How few birds are left in the forest! 森林里剩下的鸟太少了！ How much money he spent on the car! 他买这辆车花了好多钱啊！ How little patience he has with his children! 他对孩子的耐心太少了！ 特殊结构 四、做题步骤 一去：去掉主语和谓语部分(去主谓) 1 二看：看主语前有名词还是有形容词、副词或者没有其他单词。若有名词，用What；若有形容词或副词, 用How(是否有名词)。 2 三注意： What 类型单数名词前必须加 a/an，取决于形容词首音素； How 修饰“形容词+单数名词”; 当名词前面有many/ much/ few/ little，表示“多多少少”的时候，通常也用How来引导感叹句。 3 一去：去掉主语和谓语部分(去主谓) 1 例如： (1) ______ a delicious cake Mom made when my sister had her birthday party! (2) ______ happily the kids played in the park where we had a picnic last week! (3) ______ lovely pandas we saw at the zoo that came from Sichuan Province! (4) ______ excited they were when they saw their favorite singer on TV last night! (5) ______ important advice our teacher gave us that helps solve daily problems! (6) ______ exciting a game it was when our team scored in the last minute! (7) ______ many books there are in the library which we visited yesterday! 二看：看主语前有名词还是有形容词、副词或者没有其他单词。 2 (1) ______ a delicious cake Mom made when my sister had her birthday party! (2) ______ happily the kids played in the park where we had a picnic last week! (3) ______ lovely pandas we saw at the zoo that came from Sichuan Province! (4) ______ excited they were when they saw their favorite singer on TV last night! (5) ______ important advice our teacher gave us that helps solve daily problems! (6) ______ exciting a game it was when our team scored in the last minute! (7) ______ many books there are in the library which we visited yesterday! 三注意：how修饰“形容词+单数名词”; many/ much/ few/ little 3 What How What How What How How 五、What与How的互换 What a beautiful flower it is! How beautiful the flower is! 这是一朵多么漂亮的花啊！ What lovely children they are! How lovely the children are! 他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！ What delicious milk it is! How delicious the milk is! 这牛奶多么美味啊！ What an amazing smell (it is)! How delicious the dish looks! What a mess (it is)! How clever you are! What luck (we have)! How wonderful life is! How amazing the smell is! How messy the room is! How lucky we are! What a delicious dish (it looks)! What a clever boy (he is)! What clever boys (they are)! What wonderful life (it is)! $$