内容正文:
人教版(2019)必修3 Unit 5 The value of money.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词或短语
音标
词性
意思
派生词
核心考点
经典例句
1
basis
/ˈbeɪsɪs/
n.
基础;根据;基点
basic(adj. 基础的;基本的);basically(adv. 基本上;大体上)
on the basis of 在某事的基础上;根据某事
We make decisions on the basis of facts and data.(我们根据事实和数据做决策。)
2
on the basis of
/ɒn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs ɒv/
phrase
在某事的基础上;根据某事
N/A
on the basis of + 名词/代词/从句(根据……)
She was chosen for the job on the basis of her experience.(她因经验丰富被选中做这份工作。)
3
loan
/ləʊn/
n.
贷款;借款
N/A
take out a loan 取得贷款;make a loan to sb 给某人贷款
He had to take out a loan to buy a new house.(他不得不贷款买新房。)
4
take out a loan
/teɪk aʊt ə ləʊn/
phrase
取得贷款
N/A
take out a loan (from sb/sth)(从……取得贷款)
Many students take out a loan from the bank to pay for tuition.(很多学生从银行贷款交学费。)
5
plastic
/ˈplæstɪk/
n. / adj.
n. 塑料;adj. 塑料制的;塑料的
N/A
考点:plastic 作名词时为不可数名词;作形容词时修饰名词(如 plastic bags 塑料袋)
We should reduce the use of plastic to protect the environment.(我们应减少塑料使用以保护环境。)
6
apologise
/əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/
vi.
道歉;谢罪
apology(n. 道歉;歉意);apologetic(adj. 道歉的;愧疚的)
apologise to sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事向某人道歉
You should apologise to your friend for being late.(你应该因迟到向朋友道歉。)
7
ignore
/ɪɡˈnɔː(r)/
vt.
忽视;对……不予理会
ignorance(n. 无知;忽视);ignorant(adj. 无知的;忽视的)
考点:及物动词,直接接宾语;搭配 ignore sb/sth(忽视某人/某物)
He ignored the warning and continued driving fast.(他忽视警告,继续超速驾驶。)
8
in return
/ɪn rɪˈtɜːn/
phrase
作为回报;作为回应
N/A
in return for sth 作为对……的回报;do sth in return(做某事作为回报)
I helped her, and in return she bought me a coffee.(我帮了她,作为回报她给我买了杯咖啡。)
9
judge
/dʒʌdʒ/
vt. & vi. / n.
vt. & vi. 评价;评判;判断;n. 法官;审判员;裁判员
judgment/judgement(n. 判断;判断力;判决)
judge sb/sth by/from... 从……判断某人/某物;judge between... 在……之间判断
Don’t judge a person by his appearance.(不要以貌取人。)
10
scene
/siːn/
n.
(戏剧或歌剧的)场;现场;场面
scenic(adj. 风景优美的;舞台的)
考点:scene 作“现场”时,常用搭配 at the scene(在现场);作“场景”时,搭配 the scene of sth(……的场景)
The police arrived at the scene of the accident quickly.(警察迅速赶到事故现场。)
11
narrator
/nəˈreɪtə(r)/
n.
(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者;讲述者;(电视节目中的)幕后解说员
narrate(v. 叙述;讲述);narration(n. 叙述;讲述;解说)
N/A
The narrator of the novel tells the story from a child’s view.(这本小说的叙述者从孩子的视角讲故事。)
12
narration
/nəˈreɪʃn/
n.
叙述;讲述;解说
narrate(v. 叙述;讲述);narrator(n. 叙述者;解说员)
N/A
The film’s narration helps viewers understand the historical background.(这部电影的解说帮助观众理解历史背景。)
13
bet
/bet/
n. / vi. & vt.
n. 打赌;赌注;vi. & vt. 下赌注;用……打赌;敢说
N/A
make a bet 打个赌;bet on sth 就某事打赌;bet sb that... 跟某人打赌……
They made a bet on who would win the basketball match.(他们就谁会赢篮球赛打了个赌。)
14
make a bet
/meɪk ə bet/
phrase
打个赌
N/A
make a bet (with sb) (on sth)((和某人)就某事打个赌)
I made a bet with my brother on whether it would rain tomorrow.(我和弟弟就明天是否下雨打了个赌。)
15
servant
/ˈsɜːvənt/
n.
仆人;用人
serve(v. 服务;招待);service(n. 服务;服务行业)
N/A
In the old days, many rich families had servants to do housework.(在过去,很多富裕家庭有仆人做家务。)
16
as a matter of fact
/æz ə ˈmætə ɒv fækt/
phrase
事实上;其实;说真的
N/A
考点:常用于句首或句中,表转折或强调事实,相当于 in fact
As a matter of fact, I don’t like spicy food at all.(事实上,我一点也不喜欢辛辣食物。)
17
by accident
/baɪ ˈæksɪdənt/
phrase
偶然地;意外地
N/A
考点:相当于 by chance,反义词组 by design(故意地);搭配 do sth by accident(偶然做某事)
I met my old teacher by accident in the supermarket.(我在超市偶然遇到了我的老老师。)
18
sail
/seɪl/
vi. & vt.
(船)航行;(人)乘船航行
sailor(n. 水手;海员);sailing(n. 航行;帆船运动)
sail across 横渡;sail to 航行到;go sailing 去航海
The ship will sail to Australia next Monday.(这艘船下周一将航行到澳大利亚。)
19
spot
/spɒt/
vt. / n.
vt. 看见;注意到;发现;n. 地点;处所;斑点;污迹
spotted(adj. 有斑点的;被发现的)
spot sb/sth doing sth 发现某人/某物正在做某事;a spot of sth 少量某物(如 a spot of tea 一杯茶)
She spotted a cat sitting on the roof.(她发现一只猫坐在屋顶上。)
20
consulate
/ˈkɒnsjələt; NAmE ˈkɑːnsələt/
n.
领事馆
consul(n. 领事)
N/A
If you lose your passport, you can go to the Chinese consulate for help.(如果护照丢失,你可以去中国领事馆求助。)
21
dare
/deə(r)/
vi. & modal v.
胆敢;敢于
N/A
考点:作情态动词时,后接动词原形,否定式 dare not/daren’t;作实义动词时,后接 to do,否定式 don’t dare to do
She dare not go out alone at night.(她晚上不敢独自出门。)/ He doesn’t dare to speak in public.(他不敢在公共场合说话。)
22
sort
/sɔːt/
n.
种类;类别
sort(v. 分类;整理);sorting(n. 分类)
a sort of 一种;sort of 有点儿(相当于 kind of);sort out 整理;分类
This is a sort of plant that grows in the desert.(这是一种生长在沙漠里的植物。)
23
mining
/ˈmaɪnɪŋ/
n.
采矿;采矿业
mine(v. 采矿;开采;n. 矿;矿井)
N/A
Mining has a great impact on the local environment.(采矿对当地环境有很大影响。)
24
patience
/ˈpeɪʃns/
n.
耐心;忍耐力;毅力
patient(adj. 有耐心的;n. 病人);patiently(adv. 耐心地)
have patience with sb 对某人有耐心;lose patience with sb 对某人失去耐心
Teachers need to have patience with their students.(老师需要对学生有耐心。)
25
to be honest
/tu bi ˈɒnɪst/
phrase
说实话;坦率地说
honest(adj. 诚实的;坦率的);honestly(adv. 诚实地;坦率地);honesty(n. 诚实;正直)
考点:常用于句首,表坦白,相当于 honestly speaking
To be honest, I didn’t finish my homework yesterday.(说实话,我昨天没完成作业。)
26
ought to do sth
/ˈɔːt tu duː sth/
phrase
应当做某事
N/A
考点:ought to 为情态动词,后接动词原形;否定式 ought not to/oughtn’t to;疑问式 Ought sb to...?
You ought to respect your parents.(你应当尊重你的父母。)
27
be about to
/bi əˈbaʊt tu/
phrase
即将或正要(做某事)
N/A
考点:后接动词原形,不与表示将来的时间状语(如 tomorrow, next week)连用;搭配 be about to do sth when... 正要做某事这时……
I was about to leave when the phone rang.(我正要离开,这时电话响了。)
28
indicate
/ˈɪndɪkeɪt/
vt. & vi.
表明;显示;象征;暗示
indication(n. 指示;迹象;暗示);indicative(adj. 指示的;暗示的)
indicate sth to sb 向某人指出某物;indicate that... 表明/暗示……
The survey indicates that most students like online learning.(调查表明大多数学生喜欢在线学习。)
29
beneath
/bɪˈniːθ/
adv. & prep.
在(或往)……下面;在……的表面之下
N/A
考点:作介词时,相当于 under,但更正式;作副词时,相当于 below
There is a small river beneath the bridge.(桥下面有一条小河。)
30
postpone
/pəˈspəʊn/
vt.
延迟;延期;延缓
postponement(n. 延迟;延期)
postpone doing sth 延迟做某事;postpone sth to... 把某事推迟到……
The meeting was postponed to next Friday because of the manager’s illness.(由于经理生病,会议被推迟到下周五。)
31
odd
/ɒd/
adj.
奇怪的;怪异的;反常的
oddly(adv. 奇怪地;反常地);oddness(n. 奇怪;反常)
考点:搭配 odd behaviour(奇怪的行为);odd numbers(奇数)
He has some odd habits, like collecting old stamps.(他有一些奇怪的习惯,比如收集旧邮票。)
32
obligation
/ˌɒblɪˈɡeɪʃn/
n.
义务;职责;责任
oblige(v. 迫使;责成;使感激);obliged(adj. 感激的;有义务的)
have an obligation to do sth 有义务做某事;meet one’s obligations 履行义务
We have an obligation to protect the environment.(我们有义务保护环境。)
33
intention
/ɪnˈtenʃn/
n.
打算;计划;意图;目的
intend(v. 打算;计划;想要);intentional(adj. 故意的;有意的)
have no intention of doing sth 无意做某事;with the intention of doing sth 怀着做某事的意图
She has no intention of giving up her dream.(她无意放弃自己的梦想。)
34
nowhere
/ˈnəʊweə(r)/
adv.
无处;哪里都不
N/A
考点:否定副词,置于句首时句子用部分倒装;搭配 get nowhere(毫无进展);nowhere else(没有其他地方)
Nowhere else can you find such beautiful scenery.(你在其他任何地方都找不到这么美的风景。)
35
in case
/ɪn keɪs/
phrase
以防;以防万一
N/A
考点:后接从句(可省略 that);in case of 后接名词/代词(以防……发生)
Take an umbrella in case it rains.(带把伞,以防下雨。)/ In case of fire, call 119.(万一发生火灾,拨打119。)
36
extent
/ɪkˈstent/
n.
程度;限度;大小;范围
extend(v. 延伸;扩展;延长);extension(n. 延伸;扩展;延期)
to... extent 到……程度;在……程度上;to some extent 在某种程度上
To a great extent, his success depends on his hard work.(在很大程度上,他的成功取决于他的努力。)
37
to … extent
/tu … ɪkˈstent/
phrase
到……程度;在……程度上
N/A
to some extent(在某种程度上);to a large extent(在很大程度上);to the extent that... 到……的程度以至于……
To some extent, technology has changed our way of life.(在某种程度上,科技改变了我们的生活方式。)
38
opera
/ˈɒprə/
n.
歌剧
operatic(adj. 歌剧的;歌剧式的);opera singer(n. 歌剧演唱家)
N/A
She is going to watch an opera at the theater tonight.(她今晚要去剧院看歌剧。)
39
musical
/ˈmjuːzɪkl/
n. / adj.
n. 音乐剧;adj. 音乐的
music(n. 音乐);musician(n. 音乐家);musically(adv. 音乐上地)
考点:作名词时,常用搭配 a musical(一部音乐剧);作形容词时,搭配 musical instruments(乐器)
The Phantom of the Opera is a famous musical.(《歌剧魅影》是一部著名的音乐剧。)
40
dinosaur
/ˈdaɪnəsɔː(r)/
n.
恐龙
N/A
N/A
Scientists have found many dinosaur fossils in this area.(科学家在这个地区发现了很多恐龙化石。)
41
hug
/hʌɡ/
vt. & vi.
拥抱;抱紧
hug(n. 拥抱);hugging(n. 拥抱)
hug sb tightly 紧紧拥抱某人;give sb a hug 给某人一个拥抱
She gave her mother a big hug when she got home.(她回家时给了妈妈一个大大的拥抱。)
42
pursue
/pəˈsjuː/
vt.
追求;致力于
pursuit(n. 追求;职业;爱好)
pursue one’s dream 追求某人的梦想;pursue a career 从事一份职业
He has been pursuing his dream of becoming a doctor since childhood.(他从小就一直在追求当医生的梦想。)
43
duty
/ˈdjuːti; NAmE ˈduːti/
n.
责任;义务;职责;值班
dutiful(adj. 尽职的;孝顺的);dutifully(adv. 尽职地;孝顺地)
on duty 值班;值勤;do one’s duty 尽某人的责任;duty to do sth 做某事的责任
A policeman must be on duty day and night.(警察必须日夜值班。)
44
on duty
/ɒn ˈdjuːti/
phrase
值班;值勤
N/A
考点:表示“在值班状态”,反义词组 off duty(下班;不值班)
Who is on duty today? It’s your turn to clean the classroom.(今天谁值班?该你打扫教室了。)
45
hesitate
/ˈhezɪteɪt/
vi.
犹豫;迟疑;顾虑
hesitation(n. 犹豫;迟疑);hesitant(adj. 犹豫的;迟疑的)
hesitate to do sth 犹豫做某事;hesitate about/over sth 对某事犹豫
Don’t hesitate to ask for help if you have any problems.(如果你有任何问题,别犹豫,尽管求助。)
46
sequence
/ˈsiːkwəns/
vt. / n.
vt. 按顺序排列;n. 顺序;一系列
sequential(adj. 按顺序的;连续的)
in sequence 按顺序;a sequence of 一系列;sequence sth in order 按顺序排列某物
Please arrange these events in sequence according to the time.(请按时间顺序排列这些事件。)
47
eventually
/ɪˈventʃuəli/
adv.
最后;终于
event(n. 事件;大事);eventual(adj. 最终的;最后的)
考点:相当于 finally, at last,强调经过一段时间后最终发生
After many failures, he eventually succeeded in inventing the machine.(经过多次失败,他最终成功发明了那台机器。)
48
tailor
/ˈteɪlə(r)/
n. / vt.
n. (男装)裁缝;vt. 专门制作;定做
tailoring(n. 裁缝业;剪裁)
tailor sth to sb/sth 使某物适合某人/某物;go to the tailor 去裁缝店
This course is tailored to the needs of beginners.(这门课程是为初学者的需求量身定制的。)
49
clerk
/klɑːk; NAmE klɜːrk/
n.
职员;文书;店员
N/A
N/A
The clerk in the bank helped me open a new account.(银行职员帮我开了一个新账户。)
50
manner
/ˈmænə(r)/
n.
举止;行为方式;方法;[pl.] 礼貌;礼仪
mannerly(adj. 有礼貌的);manners(n. 礼貌;礼仪,常用复数)
in a … manner 以一种……的方式;good manners 有礼貌;bad manners 没礼貌
He spoke to the old man in a polite manner.(他以礼貌的方式和老人说话。)
51
in a … manner
/ɪn ə … ˈmænə(r)/
phrase
以一种……的方式;带着一副……的样子
N/A
in a polite/careful/strange manner(以礼貌/仔细/奇怪的方式)
She solved the problem in a very clever manner.(她以非常聪明的方式解决了这个问题。)
52
downstairs
/ˌdaʊnˈsteəz/
adv.
顺楼梯而下;在楼下;往楼下
downstair(adj. 楼下的,仅作定语)
考点:作副词时,搭配 go downstairs(下楼);作形容词时,搭配 the downstairs room(楼下的房间)
My mother is cooking in the kitchen downstairs.(我妈妈正在楼下的厨房做饭。)
53
stair
/steə(r)/
n.
楼梯;梯级
stairs(n. 楼梯,常用复数);staircase(n. 楼梯间;楼梯)
climb the stairs 爬楼梯;a flight of stairs 一段楼梯
He fell down the stairs and hurt his leg.(他从楼梯上摔下来,伤了腿。)
54
aside
/əˈsaɪd/
adv.
到旁边;在旁边;留;存
N/A
set aside 留出;拨出;put aside 把……放在一边;aside from 除……之外
She set aside some money every month for her child’s education.(她每个月留出一些钱给孩子上学用。)
55
frown
/fraʊn/
n. & vi.
皱眉
frowning(adj. 皱眉的;不满的)
frown at sb/sth 对某人/某物皱眉;frown on/upon sth 不赞成某事
The teacher frowned at the students who were talking in class.(老师对上课说话的学生皱起了眉头。)
56
in that case
/ɪn ðæt keɪs/
phrase
既然那样;假使那样的话
N/A
考点:用于承接上文,表假设或结果,相当于 if that is the case
—I’m too tired to go out. —In that case, we can stay at home and watch a movie.(“我太累了,不想出去。”“既然那样,我们可以待在家里看电影。”)
57
option
/ˈɒpʃn/
n.
可选择的事物;选择;选择权
optional(adj. 可选择的;非强制的)
have no option but to do sth 除了做某事别无选择;keep one’s options open 保留选择余地
You have the option to study abroad or work after graduation.(毕业后你可以选择出国留学或工作。)
58
broad
/brɔːd/
adj.
宽阔的;广阔的;广泛的
broadly(adv. 广泛地;大体上);breadth(n. 宽度;广度)
broad shoulders 宽阔的肩膀;broad knowledge 广博的知识;in broad daylight 在光天化日之下
The river flows through a broad valley.(这条河流经一个宽阔的山谷。)
59
indeed
/ɪnˈdiːd/
adv.
其实;实际上;当然;确实
N/A
考点:常用于加强语气,或承接上文表肯定;搭配 very + adj. + indeed(确实非常……)
It is indeed a difficult problem, but we can solve it together.(这确实是个难题,但我们可以一起解决它。)
60
normal
/ˈnɔːml/
adj. / n.
adj. 典型的;正常的;一般的;精神正常的;n. 常态;通常标准;一般水平
normalize(v. 使正常化;使标准化);normalization(n. 正常化;标准化)
return to normal 恢复正常;normal temperature 正常温度;above/below normal 高于/低于正常水平
After the storm, life in the village returned to normal.(暴风雨过后,村里的生活恢复了正常。)
61
willing
/ˈwɪlɪŋ/
adj.
愿意;乐意
will(v. 愿意;将要;n. 意志;意愿);willingly(adv. 愿意地;乐意地);willingness(n. 愿意;乐意)
be willing to do sth 愿意或乐意做某事;be willing to help 乐于助人
She is always willing to share her books with her classmates.(她总是愿意和同学分享她的书。)
62
element
/ˈelɪmənt/
n.
要素;基本部分
elementary(adj. 基本的;初级的);elementary school(小学)
basic elements 基本要素;an element of 一点;一些(如 an element of danger 一点危险)
Hard work is an important element of success.(努力是成功的重要要素之一。)
63
plot
/plɒt/
n.
故事情节;布局;阴谋
plot(v. 密谋;策划;绘制)
考点:作“故事情节”时,搭配 the plot of a novel/film(小说/电影的情节);作“阴谋”时,搭配 plot against sb(密谋反对某人)
The plot of this novel is very exciting and full of surprises.(这本小说的情节非常刺激,充满惊喜。)
64
ambassador
/æmˈbæsədə(r)/
n.
大使;使节;代表
embassy(n. 大使馆);ambassadorship(n. 大使职位)
ambassador to... 驻……的大使;Chinese ambassador to the US 中国驻美大使
The new ambassador to France will arrive in Paris next month.(新任驻法大使将于下月抵达巴黎。)
65
upper - class
/ˌʌpə ˈklɑːs/
adj.
上流社会的;上等阶层的
upper(adj. 上面的;上层的);class(n. 阶级;阶层)
N/A
In the 19th century, upper-class families usually had private tutors for their children.(在19世纪,上流社会的家庭通常为孩子请私人教师。)
66
upper
/ˈʌpə(r)/
adj.
上面的;上层的;靠上部的
upper(n. 鞋帮;兴奋剂,较少见);uppermost(adj. 最高的;最主要的)
upper floor 上层楼;upper part 上部;upper limit 上限
The library is on the upper floor of the building.(图书馆在这栋楼的上层。)
67
the upper class
/ðə ˈʌpə klɑːs/
phrase
上流社会;上等阶层
N/A
考点:表示“上流社会”,为集合名词,作主语时谓语动词可单数或复数;反义词组 the lower class(下层社会)
The upper class in this country has a lot of influence on politics.(这个国家的上流社会对政治有很大影响。)
68
maintain
/meɪnˈteɪn/
vt.
维持;保持;维修;保养
maintenance(n. 维持;维护;保养)
maintain peace/order 维持和平/秩序;maintain a relationship 维持关系;maintain a car 保养汽车
It is important to maintain a healthy diet to keep fit.(保持健康的饮食对健身很重要。)
69
permission
/pəˈmɪʃn/
n.
准许;许可;批准;许可证
permit(v. 允许;准许;n. 许可证)
ask for permission 请求许可;give permission 给予许可;without permission 未经许可
You must ask for permission before you use the computer in the office.(你在办公室使用电脑前必须请求许可。)
70
permit
/pəˈmɪt/
vt. & vi. / n.
vt. & vi. 允许;准许;使有可能;n. 许可证
permission(n. 准许;许可);permissible(adj. 可允许的;许可的)
permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事;weather permitting 如果天气允许;a driving permit 驾驶执照
The school doesn’t permit students to use mobile phones in class.(学校不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。)
71
saying
/ˈseɪɪŋ/
n.
谚语;格言;警句
say(v. 说;讲);sayer(n. 说话者,较少见)
考点:常见搭配 a famous saying(一句名言);as the saying goes 正如谚语所说
As the saying goes, “Practice makes perfect.”(正如谚语所说,“熟能生巧。”)
72
external
/ɪkˈstɜːnl/
adj.
外部的;外面的;外来的
externally(adv. 外部地;表面地);externalize(v. 使外在化,较少见)
external factors 外部因素;external pressure 外部压力;external appearance 外表
External factors like weather can affect crop growth.(天气等外部因素会影响农作物生长。)
73
Roderick
/ˈɒdərɪk/
n.(人名)
罗德里克(男子名)
N/A
N/A
例句:Roderick is one of the main characters in the story.(罗德里克是这个故事的主要人物之一。)
74
Oliver
/ˈɒlɪvə(r)/
n.(人名)
奥利弗(男子名)
N/A
N/A
例句:Oliver decided to take out a loan to start his own business.(奥利弗决定贷款创业。)
75
Henry Adams
/ˈhenri ˈædəmz/
n.(人名)
亨利·亚当斯(男子名)
N/A
N/A
例句:Henry Adams met an old friend by accident on the street yesterday.(亨利·亚当斯昨天在街上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。)
76
The Phantom of the Opera
/ðə ˈfæntəm ɒv ði ˈɒprə/
n.(作品名)
《歌剧魅影》(音乐剧)
N/A
N/A
例句:The Phantom of the Opera is one of the most popular musicals in the world.(《歌剧魅影》是世界上最受欢迎的音乐剧之一。)
77
Reid
/riːd/
n.(人名)
里德(男子名或女子名)
N/A
N/A
例句:Reid has the patience to explain difficult problems to his students.(里德有耐心给学生讲解难题。)
78
Todd
/tɒd/
n.(人名)
托德(男子名)
N/A
N/A
例句:Todd made a bet with his brother on the result of the football match.(托德和弟弟就足球赛结果打了个赌。)
79
Portia Langham
/ˈpɔːʃə ˈlæŋəm/
n.(人名)
波希亚·兰厄姆(女子名)
N/A
N/A
例句:Portia Langham is willing to help anyone who is in trouble.(波希亚·兰厄姆愿意帮助任何有困难的人。)
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