高中英语语法详解大全 Part 13 虚拟语气 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语语法详解大全（讲义） Part 13 虚拟语气 语气是英语中谓语动词的变化形式，用以表达说话者的态度或意图。英语中的语气可分为四种： 种类 意义 例句 陈述语气 表示所说的话是事实 She is a good teacher. 她是一位好老师。 祈使语气 表示所说的话是请求或命令 Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 虚拟语气 表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设或建议等 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 疑问语气 表示提出问题 Is it your bike? 这是你的自行车吗？ 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示说话人的主观愿望、假设或建议等，也可表示可能性较小或不可能发生的情况。 1 虚拟语气的三种基本类型 备注： 1. 主句谓语中的 should 主要用于第一人称； 2. 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时， if可省略，而将 were, should, had 等词置于句首。如： If she were here, she would agree with us. =Were she here, she would agree with us. 要是她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的意见。 要点提示 1.当条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作发生的时间不一致时，主从句中谓语动词形式要根据各自所发生的时间进行相应的调整，这就是错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气。如： 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干得就会容易些了。 2.有时虚拟条件句并不通过if从句表示出来，而是通过单个词（otherwise, or等）、介词短语（without, but for等）、上下文或其他形式表示出来，这就是含蓄虚拟条件句。如： Without your help , I couldn’t have finished the work on time. 如果没有你的帮助，我不可能按时完成了工作。 I was busy that day. Otherwise , I would have come to see you. 我那天很忙，要不然我就来看你了。 练一练 1. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______in turn, you ______so tired. A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got 2. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. had come D. came 3. I’m really very busy; otherwise, I ______there with you. A. would go B. will go C. go D. gone 1. D 2. C 3. A 2 虚拟语气的其他形式 1. 表示“但愿”的虚拟语气句型 常用“I wish（that）/If only ”开头 含义 从句谓语动词 例句 与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be动词用were） I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是只小鸟。 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词或would/should/could/might+have+过去分词 He wishes he hadn’t lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。 与将来事实相反 would/should/could/might+动词原形 If only we could go and play games with him. 我们能去跟他玩游戏就好了。 2. as if/as though,even if/even though 引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气 从句含义 从句谓语动词 例句 与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be动词用were） Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. 即使她在这儿，也解决不了问题。 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像他曾经出过国。 与将来事实相反 would/might/could+动词原形 He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。 备注：在as if/as though从句中，内容若为事实或可能为事实，则用陈述语气。如： He looks as if he is going to be ill.他看起来好像要生病。 3. 表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist（坚决要求）, order, propose, request, suggest（建议）等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“（should+）动词原形”。如： I insisted that he（should ）go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。 He ordered that it（should ）be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。 He suggested that we（should ）leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。 巧记小助手 常用虚拟语气的10个虚拟动词： “一、二、三、四”法 一个“坚持（insist）”； 两个“命令（order，command）”； 三个“建议（suggest, propose, advise ）”； 四个“要求（demand, require, request, ask）”。 要点提示 当insist的意思为“坚决认为，坚持说”、suggest的意思为“表明，暗含，暗示”等时，宾语从句用陈述语气。如： She insisted （that）she had not done wrong. 她坚持认为自己没有做错。 His expression suggested that he was angry. 他的表情说明他生气了。 4. “It is（high/about）time+（that） 从句”句型中的虚拟语气 谓语动词用过去式或“should ＋动词原形”，其中should不可省略，表示“早该干某事了/是某人该干某事的时候了”。如： It is high time we got up/ should get up. 我们早该起床了。 5. 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 表语从句和同位语从句中如果含有表示建议、要求、命令等的名词，如suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等，需使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词为“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。如： My suggestion is that we （should）go there at once. 我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。 6. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 在It is necessary/important/strange that…, It is suggested/ demanded/ ordered/ requested that… 等从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即（should+）动词原形。如： It is strange that such a person （should）be our friends. 奇怪的是，这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。 7. would rather所接的从句中的虚拟语气 would rather所接的宾语从句用虚拟语气，常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。如： I would rather you stayed at home now. 我宁愿你现在在家待着。 I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。 8. in case, lest, for fear等所引导的虚拟语气 连接词in case, lest, for fear可用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：…lest（in case, for fear）+主语+should+动词原形。在lest/for fear+that从句中的should可以省去，而在in case句中的should通常不省去。但in case引导的从句中可以用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。lest, for fear后面可以接其他形式。如： They watched him closely in case he should escape . 他们严密监视他，唯恐他会逃脱。 You’d better take the keys in case I’m out . 你最好带上钥匙，以防我出去。 They spoke in whispers lest they（should）be heard . 他们低声说话，唯恐被别人听见。 She’s working hard for fear that she（should）be fire . 她因怕解雇而努力工作。 练一练 1. —Do you know his address? —No, I also wish I ______ where he ______. A. knew; live B. knew; lives C. know; lives D. know; lived 2. His doctor suggested that he ______ a short leave of absence. A. will take B. would take C. take D. took 3. Her yawn suggests that she ______ sleepy. A. were B. was C. be D. is 1. B 2. C 3. D 虚拟语气习题 一、单项填空 1. —It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella. —Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ______. A. hadn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. don’t 2. My mom suggests that we ______ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would 3. —Do you think George has passed the driving test? —No. If so, he ______ his car to our college yesterday. A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven 4. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ______ able to speak it much better now. A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been 5. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ______ at the age of six months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is 6. Don’t handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel. A. is B. were C. has been D. had been 7. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ______ more places of interest yesterday. A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 8. —Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. —I wish they ______ always late. A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been 9. I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone 10. We ______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put 二、完成句子 1. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。 If he ______ you yesterday, he __________________you about it. 2. 我希望你很快会来。 I wish you _________ soon. 3. 杰克是个善于夸夸其谈的人，该是他做点什么而不是仅仅说说而已的时候了。 Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _________ something instead of just talking. 4. 我宁愿他们昨天没有去上学。 I would rather they _________ to school yesterday. 5. 他带着雨衣以防下雨。 He took his rain coat with him in case it _________. 6. 他说话的样子好像他真的去过那儿似的。 He talks as if he _________ there. 7. 你掉下来的时候，要不是我站在梯子下面接住了你，你现在就不会这样笑了。 If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you_________ now. 8. 要是你早些时候告诉我该多好啊！ If only you _________ some time ago. 9. 他建议我们改天来。 He suggested that we _________ another day. 10. 她勉强接受了他们要她去接受手术的建议。 Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she ____________. 答案解析 一、单项填空 1. 【解析】 选A。句意：——早上下大雨，我很高兴我们带了伞。——是的，要是没带伞，我们会浑身湿透。考查if引导的虚拟条件句。当if从句中用过去完成时，主句多用would have done的形式，表示与过去事实相反。此处，if从句省略了过去分词taken，保留了过去完成时的助动词。 2. 【解析】 选A。句意：我妈妈建议这个周末我们出去吃饭，换换口味。题干关键词suggest表示建议时，其后的名词性从句中用“（should+）动词原形”，表示虚拟语气。 3. 【解析】 选C。句意：如果这样的话（通过驾照考试），他昨天就开车来我们学校了。If so=If he had passed the driving test，主句使用would/should/could/might+have done。 4. 【解析】 选B。考查错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气。if从句中，时间词为before，所以是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态；主句中，时间词为now，所以是对现在的虚拟，因此用would/should/could/might+动词原形，故选B。 5. 【解析】 选B。题干关键词为recommend，表示“推荐，建议”，后接宾语从句时应用“（should+）动词原形”的虚拟语气，此处省去了should，故答案为B。 6. 【解析】 选B。句意：不要把那个花瓶像它是铁做的一样来把弄。根据语境，as if从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式，be动词用were，故选B。 7. 【解析】 选D。考查含蓄虚拟条件句。句意：我们在那个小山村迷路了。不然的话，昨天我们就参观更多的名胜古迹了。前半句描述过去的客观事实：我们在那个小山村迷了路；后半句通过时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟，所以用would have done表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 8. 【解析】 选A。句意：——孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。题干中有always，可知wish引出与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句使用一般过去时，故选A。 9. 【解析】 选A。考查含蓄虚拟条件句。句意：没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期。without是虚拟语气标志，thatbitter period表示过去的时间，故是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，对过去的虚拟用should/would/could/might+have done。 10. 【解析】 选D。考查含蓄虚拟条件句。句意：要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把约翰的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。but for是虚拟语气标志，yesterday表示过去的时间，故是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，对过去的虚拟用should/would/could/might+have done。 二、完成句子 1. 【解析】 had seen, would have asked。根据句意可知，if引导的是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。此时，从句用had+过去分词，主句用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。 2. 【解析】 would come。根据句意可知，wish后的宾语从句与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/should/could/might+动词原形。 3. 【解析】 should do或did。考查“It is（high/about）time+（that）从句”句型中的虚拟语气，此时从句谓语动词使用过去式或“should＋动词原形”，其中should不可省略，表示“早该干某事了，是某人该干某事的时候了”。 4. 【解析】 hadn’t gone。would rather所接的宾语从句表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，常用虚拟语气。与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用had+过去分词。 5. 【解析】 （should）rain。in case引导目的状语从句，可以用虚拟语气，形式通常为：in case+主语+should+动词原形；也可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。 6. 【解析】 had really been。考查as if引导的虚拟语气。根据句意，该句表示的是与过去事实相反，故填had+过去分词。 7. 【解析】 wouldn’t be smiling。考查错综时间的虚拟条件句。If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell和过去事实相反，用过去完成时；you _____ now和现在事实相反，用wouldn’t+现在时态。故填wouldn’t be smiling。 8. 【解析】 had told me that。考查if only引导的虚拟语气。根据句意，该句表示的是与过去事实相反，故填had+过去分词。 9. 【解析】 （should）come。考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。suggest在表示“建议某人做某事”的宾语从句中，谓语动词用（should+）动词原形。 10.【解析】 should be operated on/upon。考查同位语从句中的虚拟语气。表示建议、要求、命令等的名词如suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等的同位语从句中，需使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词为should+动词原形。“给某人做手术”是operate on/upon sb.，从句中的主语she和operate on/upon之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，故填should be operated on/upon。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$