Unit1 Wise men in history 单元话题（历史人物）阅读理解进阶练15篇（真题+模拟）-2025-2026学年九年级英语上册重难点讲练全攻略（沪教牛津版）

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新课程英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新课程英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 1 Wise men in history 单元话题（历史人物）阅读理解进阶练15篇（真题+模拟） 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 （2024·西藏·中考真题）Li Shizhen (1518—1593), was a famous Chinese medical scientist, pharmacist (药学家) and naturalist (博物学家) of the Ming Dynasty. Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a medical practitioner (从业人员) who travelled the countryside, and his father, Li Yanwen, was also a famous local doctor. Grown up in a medical family like this, he was really fond of medicine since he was a kid. However, his father wanted him to study for the imperial examinations (科举考试) and did not encourage him to practise medicine due to the low social status (地位) at the time. However, Li Shizhen didn’t give up studying medicine. When Li Shizhen was young, he enjoyed traditional Chinese medicine and began to read medical books. He found many mistakes in those books. He worried these mistakes would cause serious problems or death. So Li Shizhen decided to write a new book. He travelled everywhere to look for herbs (药草) and do research. And he talked with farmers, doctors and patients. He even tested herbs on himself and almost lost his life many times. Li Shizhen collected and recorded over 1,890 herbs. He also read about 900 medical books. He worked day and night. Finally the valuable work, Compendium of Materia Medica or Bencao Gangmu, came out. Today Materia Medica has been translated into many foreign languages. It is widely read not only in China but also in many other countries around the world. 1．From the passage, Li Shizhen is a (an)_________. A．artist B．doctor C．traveller D．farmer 2．Which is Li Shizhen’s famous work? A．《茶经》 B．《千金方》 C．《本草纲目》 D．《伤寒杂病论》 3．Why did Li Shizhen write Compendium of Materia Medica? A．He wanted to be famous. B．He wanted to be a great writer. C．He wanted to save more people. D．He wanted to make enough money. 4．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．Li Shizhen didn’t like herbs. B．Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a farmer. C．Li Shizhen’s father encouraged him to be a doctor. D．Li Shizhen found many mistakes in the medical books. 5．Which is the best title (标题) for the passage? A．A Story of The Herbs B．Li Shizhen and His Family C．A Medical Scientist of The Song Dynasty D．Li Shizhen and Compendium of Materia Medica 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文讲述了中国历史上著名的医生李时珍以及他写的《本草纲目》。 1．细节理解题。根据“Li Shizhen (1518-1593), was a famous Chinese medical scientist, pharmacist (药学家) and naturalist (博物学家) of the Ming Dynasty.…Li Yanwen, was also a famous local doctor”可知，他是一名医生，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Today Materia Medica has been translated into many foreign languages. It is widely read not only in China but also in many other countries around the world”可知，《本草纲目》是一部著名的作品，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“He worried these mistakes would cause serious problems or death. So Li Shizhen decided to write a new book. ”可知，他担心这些错误会导致严重的问题甚至死亡。所以李时珍决定写一本新书，也就是写这本书是为了救更多的人，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“When Li Shizhen was young, he enjoyed traditional Chinese medicine and began to read medical books. He found many mistakes in those books”可知，他在医学书籍上发现了许多错误，故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了中国历史上著名的医生李时珍以及他写的《本草纲目》，故选D。 （2025·河南洛阳·一模） The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. There are many different legends (传说) about the festival, but the most famous one is about Qu Yuan, a poet of the State of Chu during the Warring States Period (475—221 B．C．). Qu Yuan is said to love his country during his whole life. When he realized that he could no longer help it grew stronger and stronger, on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, he threw himself into the river and died for his beloved homeland. Local people heard the news and rushed into their boats to search for him. They threw jiaoshu—rice dumplings and other food into the river to keep fish and turtles from eating Qu Yuan’s body. Later, to commemorate (纪念) this poet, the customs of holding dragon boat races and throwing jiaoshu into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month were passed down, giving rise to the name Dragon Boat Festival. At that time, every family would put rice in the water for some time, prepare reed (芦苇) leaves for wrapping (包裹), wrap the rice around sweet fillings. Slowly, people gave it a name, called zongzi. The zongzi is an important food for the Dragon Boat Festival. In Qu Yuan’s hometown, Zigui county of Central China’s Hubei province, a grand dragon boat race is held every year during the Dragon Boat Festival. This folk activity has been passed down from generation to generation, dating back more than 2,000 years. To develop traditional Chinese festival, China’s dragon boat racing has developed from a local activity into a grand sports event and even became an international sporting event. There are more than 85 countries and regions in the world that holds dragon boat races every year. The Dragon Boat Festival is one of the most meaningful festivals in China and it’s a special time to remind people of the importance of family reunion and traditional culture. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What does the first paragraph mainly tells us? A．The importance of Quyuan’s poem. B．The reasons of Quyuan’s achievements. C．The forms about the Dragon Boat Festival. D．The background of the Dragon Boat Festival. 2．Which of the following goes well with the character of the text? A．路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。 B．出师未捷身先死，长使英雄泪满襟。 C．三年谪宦此栖迟，万古惟留楚客悲。 D．人生自古谁无死？留取丹心照汗青。 3．Why do people hold dragon boat races on the Dragon Boat Festival at first? A．To enjoy the exciting sports races. B．To commemorate this famous poet. C．To develop the local activity into a sports event. D．To remind people of the importance of family reunion. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? A．①/②③/④⑤ B．①/②/③④⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①②/③/④⑤ 5．In which unit of the textbook can the text be found? A．Unit 1  Traditional festivals and culture. B．Unit 2  Customs and services. C．Unit 3  History and delicious seafood. D．Unit 4  Events and inventions. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了端午节的背景、起源及其相关的传统习俗，特别是与屈原相关的传说和龙舟赛的演变。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. There are many different legends about the festival, but the most famous one is about Qu Yuan, a poet of the State of Chu during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC).”可知，第一段主要介绍了端午节的背景和起源，特别是与屈原相关的传说。故选D。 2．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了屈原被贬谪，最后投江的故事，“三年谪宦此栖迟，万古惟留楚客悲” 表达了被贬谪的悲伤，与屈原被放逐，最后投江的悲剧命运相符。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Later, to commemorate this poet, the customs of holding dragon boat races and throwing jiaoshu into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month were passed down”可知，人们最初举行龙舟赛是为了纪念屈原。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。第一段引出端午节以及其关于屈原的传说；第二、三、四段具体讲述了屈原的故事、端午节习俗（龙舟赛和吃粽子）的由来；第五段总结端午节的意义。所以文章结构是①/②③④/⑤。故选C。 5．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了端午节这一传统节日的起源、习俗及其文化意义，因此最可能出现在“传统节日与文化”这一单元。故选A。 （2025·四川广元·模拟预测）On March 12, 2025, Tree Planting Day, people from all walks of life gathered at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Xiangshan, Beijing, to mark the 100th anniversary (周年纪念日) of the passing of the famous Chinese politician (政治家) and leader, Sun Yat-sen. The event included speeches about his life and achievement. Sun Yat-sen was born in 1866. He wanted to be a doctor at first. However, after seeing the essence of Chinese society clearly, he gave up being a doctor and his rich life but spent his life fighting for China’s freedom. In 1905, Sun Yat-sen set up the Chinese Revolutionary League (中国同盟会) in Japan. He played an important role in the 1911 Revolution, which ended more than 2,000 years of feudal (封建的) rule in China. This event was a turning point in China’s modern history, bringing about the founding of the Republic of China in 1912. Sun Yat-sen was not only a leader but also a thinker with great ideas. He created three main rules for China: love our country, let people have power, and make life better for everyone. These ideas helped shape China’s future. Even though Sun Yat-sen passed away 100 years ago, his courage and ideas have been encouraging us. People still remember him and all the brave people who fought for China’s bright future. Their stories remind us to keep working hard for a better China, just like Sun Yat-sen wanted. 1．Why did people get together in Xiangshan, Beijing? A．To miss Sun Yat-sen. B．To join in a speech about Sun Yat-sen. C．To celebrate Tree Planting Day. D．To learn the history of Tree Planting Day. 2．What does the underlined word “essence” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 2? A．幻想 B．本质 C．精神 D．信号 3．When was a turning point in China’s modern history? A．In 1866. B．In 1905. C．In 1911. D．1912. 4．What are the three rules created by Sun Yat-sen? ①let people have power  ②study for the country  ③make life better for everyone  ④love our country A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 5．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Ways to Work Hard for a Better China B．The Three Main Rules for China C．The 100th Anniversary of Sun Yat-sen D．A Great Man in Chinese History 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了2025年3月12日植树节当天，各界人士齐聚北京香山孙中山纪念堂纪念孙中山逝世100周年，介绍了孙中山生平、贡献及其思想对中国未来的影响，表明其勇气和思想至今仍激励着人们。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“people from all walks of life gathered at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Xiangshan, Beijing, to mark the 100th anniversary (周年纪念日) of the passing of the famous Chinese politician (政治家) and leader, Sun Yat-sen.”可知，人们聚集是为了纪念孙中山先生逝世100周年。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“However, after seeing the essence of Chinese society clearly, he gave up being a doctor and his rich life but spent his life fighting for China’s freedom.”可知，孙中山放弃医生职业投身革命是因为他看清了当时中国社会的本质，“essence”指社会的“本质”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“He played an important role in the 1911 Revolution...This event was a turning point in China’s modern history”可知，1911革命是中国近代史上的一个转折点。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“He created three main rules for China: love our country, let people have power, and make life better for everyone.”可知，他为中国提出的三大原则是热爱祖国、民权自主、民生改善。正确组合为①③④。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了孙中山生平、贡献及其思想对中国未来的影响，表明其勇气和思想至今仍激励着人们，D项“中国历史上的伟人”最能概括本文。故选D。 （2025·天津南开·二模） During the Tang Dynasty (618—907), Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister Feng Deyi to find talented (有才能的) people. However, several months passed, Feng didn’t find anyone. “I tried my best, but there are not talented people at all,” Feng said. “People are like utensils (器物). What-we need to do is to make good use of their strengths. You should blame (责怪) yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are not talented people in our country?” said the emperor. It is true that each utensil has a specific (特定的) function. A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as a chopstick. Like a utensil, each person has his or her strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at everything. With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds. He gave them important jobs, which helped them make the most of their talents. His talented people helped the society develop and created a “golden age”. 1．How long did Feng Deyi spend finding talented people? A．A few days. B．Several weeks. C．Several months. D．Over a year. 2．Why couldn’t Feng find any talented people? A．He did not like talented people. B．He was not pleased with the emperor. C．There were not talented people in the country. D．His standards for talented people were wrong. 3．Knives and chopsticks are compared to ________ according to the story. A．jobs B．people C．food D．strengths 4．Which of the following was Emperor Taizong’s idea about talented people? A．Each person has a particular strength. B．Talented people should be good at everything. C．Feng Deyi will never be a talented person. D．People of different backgrounds cannot be talented. 5．What does the story mainly want to tell us? A．Chances are always left for those who are ready. B．There are few talented people so it’s hard to find them. C．A good leader should use people’s abilities in the right way. D．The success of a society depends only on the abilities of its leader. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文讲述了唐太宗如何通过正确利用人们的才能，发现并任用不同背景的有才能的人，从而帮助社会发展和创造“黄金时代”的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“However, several months passed, Feng didn’t find anyone.”可知，冯德义花费了几个月的时间寻找有才能的人。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“You should blame (责怪) yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are not talented people in our country?”可知，冯德义找不到有才能的人是因为他的标准有误，而不是因为国家没有有才能的人。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as a chopstick. Like a utensil, each person has his or her strength..”可知，刀和筷子被比作人，因为每个人都有其特定的长处。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Like a utensil, each person has his or her strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at everything.”可知，唐太宗认为每个人都有其特定的长处，而不是要求一个人擅长所有事情。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds. He gave them important jobs, which helped them make the most of their talents.”可知，故事主要想告诉我们，一个好的领导者应该以正确的方式利用人们的能力。故选C。 （2025·甘肃天水·三模）In ancient China, there were many shining names in the river of the history. Here are some great characters of that time. Confucius was a great educator and good at learning. Once Confucius and his students were on their way, a little boy suddenly stopped in their way and asked the master to go around the “city” that he made with bricks and stones. Confucius thought this boy was so smart and didn’t treat the “city” as a toy. The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.” Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people. Zhang Qian was born in Chenggu of Western Han Dynasty. He was an outstanding envoy and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west. As a famous Tang Dynasty poet, Du Fu wrote over one thousand and five hundred poems. Most of them described the common people’s sufferings and sorrows during the terrible years of the Tang Dynasty, expressing his profound worry and deep love for his country and the people. Li Shizhen was born in 1518. He found many old medicine books full of mistakes. So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden, but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the working people. At last, he completed his great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, one of the greatest contributions to the medical science of the world. 1．Why is Confucius a great educator? A．Because he understood the boy and gave way to the “city”. B．Because he traveled with his students from state to state. C．Because he likes learning and had wise thoughts about education. D．Because he was smarter than others and read many books. 2．What did Li Bing do to help the people? A．He brought much useful information from the west. B．He set up many water projects. C．He travelled and wrote many famous poems. D．He helped many sick people in the village. 3．Zhang Qian ________. A．opened up the ancient Silk Road B．liked travelling to the west C．was an outstanding writer D．was born in East Han Dynasty 4．Li Shizhen studied medicine ________. A．at home B．in the wild C．by communicating with others D．A, B and C 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the article? A．The people are all great poets and have their own works. B．Du Fu is not only a great poet but also a super captain. C．Li Shizhen didn’t write any work. D．The people mentioned are all cared for the people. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了中国古代几位杰出人物，包括孔子、李冰、张骞、杜甫和李时珍，强调了他们各自在教育、水利、探索、诗歌和医药方面的重要贡献，也彰显了他们关心百姓、造福于民的精神。 1．细节理解题。根据文中对孔子的描述可知，他善于学习并有有关教育的睿智思想。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people”可知，李冰最著名的事迹就是修建都江堰等水利工程，给百姓带来福祉。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“He was an outstanding envoy and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west.”可知，张骞开辟了丝绸之路，带回了西方的许多有用信息。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden, but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the worker”可知，李时珍不仅在自家园中研究医学，还到野外采药，并向劳动人民学习。故选D。 5．细节理解题。通读全文可见，这几位人物都对人民生活抱有极大关切，并且通过各自的成就对社会作出重大贡献。故选D。 进阶拓展训练5篇 （2025·云南昆明·三模）Song Lian was a famous historian and official in the Ming dynasty. He was known as one of the three great writers in the Early Ming Dynasty. As a child, Song loved reading, but his family was too poor to buy him books. Song had to borrow books, and he always made sure to return them on time. Once Song borrowed a book and liked it a lot. He decided to copy the book down, but the book was due soon. Song Lian copied the book every day until midnight. It was the middle of winter. His mother said, “It’s too cold to stay up late. The owner isn’t waiting to read it, is he?” “It doesn’t matter whether he’s waiting or not,” Song replied. “It’s a matter of faith. If you make a habit of breaking promises, how can you earn the respect of others?” Another time, Song planned to visit a famous teacher far away, out on that day, it snowed heavily. When Song went to get his luggage (行李), his mother was surprised. “How can you travel so far on such a snowy day?” she asked. “Why not wait until the snow clears? No one expects you to be on time in this weather,” Song smiled and said, “No matter how hard the snow falls, I must go. It would be impolite to break my promise.” When Song arrived at the teacher’s house, the teacher was greatly moved. He said, “Young man, nothing can stop you from keeping your word. You’ll surely have a bright future!” 1．How did Song keep reading as a child? A．By joining a reading group. B．By reading with his mother. C．By borrowing books from others. D．By reading at school. 2．Why did Song stay up copying the book? A．He enjoyed it so much that he wanted to save it. B．He wanted to memorize the book before returning it. C．He didn’t have much time during the daytime. D．He wanted to return the book to its owner on time. 3．Who did Song plan to visit? A．A friend. B．A teacher. C．A historian. D．A relative. 4．What surprised Song’s mother when he was preparing to visit his teacher? A．He packed too many things in his bag. B．He planned to travel in bad weather. C．He wanted to visit a teacher who lived far away. D．He expected to go there by himself. 5．What can we learn from the story? A．Try to keep our promises. B．Interest is the best teacher. C．Hard work leads to success. D．Practice makes perfect. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了明朝著名史学家、官员宋濂的故事，体现了他热爱读书以及重视诚信、信守承诺的品质。 1．细节理解题。根据“Song had to borrow books, and he always made sure to return them on time.”可知，宋濂通过借书阅读。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“…but the book was due soon. Song Lian copied the book every day until midnight”可知，他抄书是因为书很快要归还了，想尽快抄完归还。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Song planned to visit a famous teacher far away”可知，宋濂计划去拜访一位名师。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Another time, Song had made an appointment to visit a teacher far away, but on the day he was to set out, it snowed heavily. When Song went to get his luggage, his mother was surprised. ‘How can you travel so far on such a snowy day?’”可知，宋濂准备去拜访老师时，母亲惊讶于他计划在恶劣天气中出行，故选B。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文通过宋濂按时还书、冒雪赴约等事例，主要体现了他重视诚信、信守承诺。选项A“信守承诺”是核心启示。故选A。 （24-25九年级·江苏盐城·期末）Once again the Captain’s will won. Silent, the men returned to their posts. But Captain Columbus was worried because he knew in his heart that a day would come when his words would no longer help. Before that day, he would see land. Not an eye closed that night. The Captain stood on the high poop (艉楼) and with sleepless eyes he tried hard to look into the darkness ahead. Then, two hours before midnight, the miracle happened. A far-off light struck his eyes. It wavered (摇曳) once or twice, moving quickly on the horizon, like a fisherman’s boat on the waves. His heart hammered (砰砰直跳). But he dared not cry out, “Land!” “Your eyes are sharp, Alfredo,” he whispered to a young sailor. “Tell me what you see.” Even as he spoke, the light disappeared. “I see nothing.” The sailor stared into the darkness. The light had reappeared. “Look out!” “Ah, yes, yes! A light. Over there.” “Quiet! Are you sure, Alfredo?” “But yes, Captain! It is gone now, yet I saw it.” Surely this was not a trick of the light! Alfredo had seen it too. Somewhere ahead in darkness were human beings and inhabited land. They stood shoulder to trembling shoulder, staring into the dark. Hour after hour passed. The sand-glass under the lantern showed that it was two o’clock in the morning. The other two ships loomed (隐约出现) vaguely and in the east the line of the horizon was clearly defined. Then came a flash of flame (火焰). The long-awaited signal! Land in sight. “Land! Land!” Almost immediately came the ringing cry. There in the west, green and fair, lay an island. Who can tell how Christopher Columbus felt at that moment? The long waiting was at an end. The dream had come true. 1．Where did the story happen? A．On an island. B．On the sea. C．In the west. D．In the Captain’s dream. 2．When did the Captain see a far-off light for the first time? A．At about 10 p.m. B．At about 2 a.m. C．At midnight. D．In the morning. 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence “Not an eye closed that night”? A．Captain Columbus had slept heavily for the whole night. B．Captain Columbus kept an eye closed that night. C．Captain Columbus had one eye open that night. D．Captain Columbus had been awake for the whole night. 4．During that night, how did Captain Columbus’ feelings change? A．Worried → nervous → excited. B．Scared → curious → happy. C．Afraid → happy → excited. D．Excited → scared → happy. 5．What was Captain Columbus’ dream? A．Finding the human beings in the sea. B．Being saved by other ships. C．Helping his sailors get the light in the darkness. D．Discovering the land on the horizon (地平线). 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了哥伦布船长在航行中发现陆地的过程及其心理变化。 1．推理判断题。根据“The Captain stood on the high poop”和“he whispered to a young sailor.”可知，有船尾楼甲板和水手，主角应是在船上，推测故事发生在海上。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Then, two hours before midnight, the miracle happened. A far-off light struck his eyes.”可知，第一次看到光的时间是午夜前两小时，即晚上10点左右。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“with sleepless eyes he tried hard to look into the darkness ahead.”可知，船长睁着不眠的双眼，由此可知这个句子是指船长彻夜未眠。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“But Captain Columbus was worried”可知，船长先是担忧；根据第四段“His heart hammered (砰砰直跳).”可知，船长心砰砰直跳，说明他很紧张；根据最后一句“The dream had come true.”可知，梦想实现了，推测他会很兴奋。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“The long-awaited signal! Land in sight.”可知，他们等待许久就是为了看到陆地，由此可知哥伦布的梦想是发现陆地。故选D。 （2023·广东广州·一模）When talking about fishing in China, Jiang Tai Gong is very likely to be the first name that would come to people’s mind. The story happened in the late years of the Shang dynasty. Jiang Tai Gong once served the king of Shang dynasty, and began to hate him for tyranny from the bottom of heart. Jiang Tai Gong was a genius in military tactics and government management. He lived near the Weihe River about 3,000 years ago. The area was the feudal estate of Count Ji Chang. Jiang Tai Gong knew Ji Chang was very ambitious, so he hoped to get Ji’s attention. He often went fishing at the Weihe River, but he would fish in an unusual way. He hung a straight fishhook, without bait, three feet above the water. Lookers-on were curious about it, and Jiang Tai Gong explained, “I would like to take honestly rather than to ask for with the knees down. I fish not for the fish but for the nobility (高贵).” Later words traveled to Count Ji. He sent a soldier to invite him. Jiang Tai Gong ignored the solider, going on with fishing, and was talking to himself, “Fishing, fishing, no fish has been hooked. A shrimp is up to mischief (恶作剧).” The soldier reported this back to Ji Chang, who became more interested in this man. Then, Count Ji sent an official to invite him. It didn’t work. Finally Ji Chang realized Jiang may be a genius, so he went to invite Jiang Tai Gong himself. Jiang saw his sincerity and honesty and finally decided to work for him. In the end, Jiang Tai Gong helped Count Ji and his offspring build a great power and build  Zhou dynasty — a great dynasty. Today, people use the old idiom There are always fish willing to be caught by angler Jiang Taigong to describe someone who willingly falls in a trap or does something no matter what the result is. This idiom has been passed on from generation to generation. To some degree, it could be regarded as a part of Chinese philosophy. 1．Why did Jiang Tai Gong give up serving the king of Shang Dynasty? A．Because Jiang was too old to serve the king. B．Because the king treated his people rudely. C．Because Jiang was an ambitious person. D．Because the king didn’t need Jiang any more. 2．How did Jiang Tai Gong fish? A．He fished with a straight hook in the water. B．He fished without bait above the water. C．He fished with bait to plead for fish. D．He fished with a usual fishhook without bait. 3．What does the underlined part “a shrimp” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．a kind of animal B．a small fish C．the soldier D．the official 4．Which of the followings can we use the idiom to describe? A．Linda, who still trusts people that tell lies B．Annie, who is always willing to help others C．Leo, who enjoys setting taps for others D．Tommy, who does things after thinking twice 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要通过姜子牙的故事来解释了一个词语“姜太公钓鱼，愿者上钩”。 1．细节理解题。根据“Jiang Tai Gong once served the king of Shang dynasty, and began to hate him for tyranny from the bottom of heart.”可知姜太公放弃为商朝国王效力是因为商王对待人们很残暴。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“He hung a straight fishhook, without bait, three feet above the water.”可知他在水面上钓鱼，没有诱饵。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“He sent a soldier to invite him. Jiang Tai Gong ignored the solider, going on with fishing, and was talking to himself, ‘Fishing, fishing, no fish has been hooked. A shrimp is up to mischief.’ ”可知此处指没有等到要等的人，等来了一个士兵，a shrimp在此处指代上文提到的士兵。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Today, people use the old idiom There are always fish willing to be caught by angler Jiang Taigong to describe someone who willingly falls in a trap or does something no matter what the result is.”可知“姜太公钓鱼，愿者上钩”用来描述那些无论结果如何都愿意落入陷阱或做某事的人。琳达依旧信任撒谎的人，这个成语可以用来描述她。故选A。 （24-25九年级上·广东广州·期末）Many people consider Bao Zheng a genius official in Chinese history. One day, Bao Zheng saw a boy crying sadly in the street. He asked the boy what happened. The poor boy told Bao Zheng that he sold fried snacks for a living. Today, he made 100 coins from hard work and was going to buy his sick mother some medicine with the money on his way. As he worked for the whole morning, he felt tired and fell asleep beside a rock. Unfortunately, he found that all his coins in the basket disappeared when he woke up. After hearing this, Bao Zheng thought for a moment and said, “I see. Surely, it was this rock that stole your money. I’ll question it and help you get your money back.” Everyone around them thought this was very strange and watched excitedly. Bao Zheng said to the rock, “Rock, rock, was it you that stole the child’s coins?” The rock didn’t reply, of course. Bao Zheng got mad and shouted angrily, “Rock, rock, tell the truth, or I’ll beat you!” The people around laughed and talked secretly, “How can a rock steal money?” “How can a rock speak?” “Everyone says that Bao Zheng is smart, but he looks like a fool to me!” Bao Zheng heard all these and felt very annoyed, so he shouted at these people, “How dare you say bad things behind me! Now I’m going to ask for coins from each of you!” Bao Zheng ordered his men to bring him a pot of water, and asked these people to throw their coins into it. Suddenly, when one man put his coin into the pot, Bao Zheng ordered his men to catch him. “You are the thief!” Bao Zheng continued to explain calmly, “Look, when this man dropped a coin into the pot, some oil floated on the water. Only a fried snack seller carries coins with oil on them, so there is no doubt that this man has stolen the coins from the sleeping child.” Thanks to Bao Zheng, the boy got his money back. Everyone said that Bao Zheng was a really wise man. 1．What can we know about the boy from paragraph 1? A．He lived a poor life without parents. B．He made a living by selling vegetables. C．He played an important role in supporting his family. D．He made much money and planned to take it home. 2．What does the underlined word “Unfortunately” probably mean in paragraph 1? A．Uncertainly. B．Unluckily. C．Unclearly. D．Unimportantly. 3．Why did Bao Zheng question a rock? A．He had no idea how to find out the truth. B．He thought the rock stole the boy’s money. C．He wanted to attract the real thief to appear. D．He supposed the rock could tell him the truth. 4．Why did Bao Zheng think the man was the real thief in paragraph 4? A．The man didn’t put a coin into the pot. B．The coin the man dropped had some oil on it. C．The man told Bao Zheng that he was the real thief. D．One of the people around them told Bao Zheng the truth. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个卖油炸小吃为生的男孩辛苦赚的钱被偷，包拯通过巧妙的方法找出小偷的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The poor boy told Bao Zheng that he sold fried snacks for a living. Today, he made 100 coins through hard work and was going to buy his sick mother some medicine with the money on his way.”可知，男孩靠卖油炸小吃为生，辛苦赚了100枚铜钱准备给生病的母亲买药，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Unfortunately, he found that all his coins in the basket disappeared when he woke up.” 可知，男孩醒来发现铜钱都不见了，这是不幸的事，所以“Unfortunately”意思与“Unluckily”相近，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文中包拯审问石头后引得众人围观，又让众人投铜钱，最后找出小偷这些情节可知，他审问石头的目的是吸引真正的小偷出现，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段 “Look, when this man dropped a coin into the pot, some oil floated on the water. Only a fried snack seller carries coins with oil on them” 可知，男子投铜钱时水面浮起油，只有卖油炸小吃的人的铜钱才有油，所以包拯判断该男子是小偷，故选B。 （2025·广东东莞·模拟预测） A Star Woman—Wang Zhenyi Wang Zhenyi, born in 1768, was a great woman scientist in Qing Dynasty. At that time, girls couldn’t get good education, but her father encouraged her to read books and educate herself. She became interested in astronomy (天文学), math, geography, medicine and poems. In 1786, she decided to give much attention to astronomy, math and poems. After years of hard work, she achieved a lot. Her achievements: ◎Found out when the eclipses (日蚀，月蚀) of the sun and the moon would happen. ◎Learned a lot about how the sun, the moon and the earth move in space. ◎Made some new rules in math. ◎Wrote many books and poems. Sadly, Wang died when she was only 29 years old. Even though her life was short, her thoughts and discoveries live on. In 2000, a planet was named after her. Her spirit and hard work continue to inspire people today. 1．When was Wang Zhenyi born? A．In 1768. B．In 1786. C．In 1797. D．In 2000. 2．According to the passage, what did Wang Zhenyi decide to give much attention? A．Math, geography and medicine. B．Astronomy, math and poems. C．Astronomy, medicine and poems. D．Astronomy, medicine and geography. 3．What can we learn from Wang Zhenyi? A．It is easy to become successful. B．Nothing is impossible if we work hard. C．Women are always wiser than men. D．It’s impossible for a woman to be a scientist in ancient time. 4．How many achievements did Wang Zhenyi make? A．Five. B．Six. C．Four. D．Three. 5．In which part of a magazine can you probably read the passage? A．Health. B．Business. C．Sports. D．People. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了清代伟大的女科学家——王贞仪。 1．细节理解题。根据“Wang Zhenyi, born in 1768”可知，王贞仪出生于1768年。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“In 1786, she decided to give much attention to astronomy, math and poems”可知，她决定多关注天文学、数学和诗歌。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“After years of hard work, she achieved a lot.”和“Her spirit and hard work continue to inspire people today.”可知，只要我们努力，没有什么是不可能的。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Her achievements: Found out when the eclipses (日蚀，月蚀) of the sun and the moon would happen…Wrote many books and poems.”可知，共有四个方面的成就。故选C。 5．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了清代伟大的女科学家，所以可以在杂志的“人物”部分看到该文章。故选D。 能力综合实践5篇 （24-25九年级·广东深圳·开学考试） Archimedes screw  How does it work? Do you know who was described as “superhuman” by the great inventor and astronomer Galileo? It was Archimedes who solved the king’s problem of the golden crown while taking a bath. He was perhaps one of the most outstanding scientists in the world. He was a  mathematician, physicist, engineer, weapon (武器) designer and inventor. He was wise in philosophy, active in mathematics and physics. He was also recognized as one of the finest engineers of his time. He was born on the island of Sicily in the city of Syracuse around the year 287 BC and died in 212 BC． Archimedes showed great love for mathematics. He made many discoveries. For example, he determined the exact value of pi. He invented and developed methods similar to calculus (微积分) and used them to find the area of a circle and an accurate estimation (估计值) of the value of pi! Today he is regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians in history. Archimedes used his mathematical skills-and talents to create useful inventions. One of his most famous inventions is called the Archimedes’ Screw. It was a device that could lift water to higher levels. One of its first uses was to pump water out from a leaking ship. It is still used today in some places to move water from low places to high places. This invention influenced Leonardo da Vinci as he worked on developing the functioning flying machine. Archimedes’ intellectual curiosity and achievements to mathematics, in general, would go on to encourage other mathematicians as well. Most of his achievements were by far ahead of his time. Archimedes was in deed a genius. 1．According to paragraph 1, which achievement may NOT belong to Archimedes? A．He invented a kind of mechanical device for farming. B．He put forward the Free Fall Law through experiment. C．He designed a weapon to throw stones to attack the enemy. D．He found the Law of Archimedes when he was having a bath. 2．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? A．Archimedes’ discoveries in maths. B．A brief introduction to Archimedes. C．Archimedes’ study on the universe. D．The great inventions of Archimedes. 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3? A．A leaking ship. B．Water from low places. C．The Archimedes’ Screw. D．The functioning flying machine. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the article? A．Archimedes was a man with many talents and died at the age of 75. B．The Archimedes’ Screw helped lift water from lower places to higher places. C．Leonardo da Vinci and Archimedes developed the functioning flying machine. D．Archimedes’ achievements will continue to encourage generations of mathematicians. 5．What might be the best title for the article? A．Archimedes and Inventions B．Archimedes and Mathematics C．Archimedes and His Achievements D．The Life Experience of Archimedes 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了古希腊科学家阿基米德和他取得的杰出成就。 1．推理判断题。根据“It was Archimedes who solved the king’s problem of the golden crown while taking a bath.”可知他在洗澡时发现了阿基米德定律，选项D正确；根据“He was a...engineer, weapon designer...”可以推断出选项A和C中，他设计农业机械装置和武器攻击敌人都是有可能的；再根据常识可知,选项B“ Free Fall Law”自由落体运动是由伽利略发现的。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据“Archimedes showed great love for mathematics. He made many discoveries.”以及下文内容可知，本段主要介绍的是阿基米德在数学领域的发现。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“One of his most famous inventions is called the Archimedes’ Screw. It was a device that could lift water to higher levels... It is still used today in some places to move water from low places to high places.”可知，此处介绍的是阿基米德发明的一种螺旋，能将水从低处运到高处，因此“it”指代“The Archimedes’ Screw”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“This invention influenced Leonardo da Vinci as he worked on developing the functioning flying machine.”可知，阿基米德螺旋的发明只是影响了达·芬奇，发明功能性飞行器的是达·芬奇。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。根据“Most of his achievements were by far ahead of his time. Archimedes was in deed a genius.”和全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家阿基米德和他取得的杰出成就。故选C。 （2025·广东深圳·三模）Shang Yang was a politician (政治家) of the Qin state. He was very wise and forward-thinking. He worked out several reform (改革) plans for the state, including focusing on farming and giving rewards (奖励) to soldiers who were successful during wars. But at the beginning, these reforms were not easily carried out. Only a few people in the state understood Shang’s talent and the advantages of his plans. Most people had little trust and confidence in him. To solve this problem, Shang came up with an idea. He ordered some soldiers to put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin state capital. This attracted many people. Then, in front of the crowd, he said loudly, “People of Qin, whoever takes this pole to the north gate will get a reward of 10 gold pieces.” It was a simple task and the reward was big. Some people passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought that Shang was joking. Hearing no answer, Shang stepped forward and said, “I will increase the reward to 50 gold pieces.” The words sounded even more unbelievable. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward to take the pole. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces. Soon, the people were saying that Shang was a man of his word. When he began promoting (推行) his reforms, the people followed and did not question him. Under the great reforms, Qin grew strong and united all the states, becoming the first empire (帝国) of China. Later, people drew the Chinese idiom “立木取信” from this story. 1．Shang Yang’s reforms ________. A．were never trusted by people B．made Qin grow strong C．were carried out easily at the beginning D．focused on farming and education 2．What does the underlined phrase “a man of his word” mean? A．A man who can keep his promises. B．A man who is talkative. C．A man who is good at arguing. D．A man who often has words with others. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①/②/③/④⑤⑥⑦ B．①/②/③④⑤/⑥⑦ C．①②③/④⑤/⑥⑦ D．①②/③④/⑤⑥⑦ 4．What is the most important lesson from Shang Yang’s story? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Keeping promises builds trust. C．Money can solve all problems. D．New ideas are always resisted (抵制). 5．Where can you probably read this passage? A．A travel guide. B．A health magazine. C．A history storybook. D．A business newspaper. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了商鞅立木取信的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Under the great reforms, Qin grew strong and united all the states, becoming the first empire (帝国) of China.”可知，商鞅的改革使秦国变得强大。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“True to his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces.”可知，商鞅信守了他的承诺，奖励了那个人50枚金币，因此划线单词表示“信守承诺的人”。故选A。 3．篇章结构题。第一段介绍商鞅的基本情况及改革内容；第二段介绍改革中遇到的困难；第三到第五段介绍他是如何解决困难的；第六、七段介绍改革的成就。B选项符合文章结构。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Later, people drew the Chinese idiom ‘立木取信’ from this story.”可知，从商鞅的故事中我们学到了遵守承诺的重要性。故选B。 5．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了商鞅立木取信的故事，属于历史故事，可以在历史故事书中读到。故选C。 （23-24九年级上·云南玉溪·期末）One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100, 000 arrows (箭) in ten days. Zhou Yu thought it was impossible, but Zhuge Liang said, “Give me three days.” Then he asked Lu Su to lend him 20 boats, and the soldiers put some scarecrows (稻草人) in line on the boats. He asked Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu what was happening. When Lu Su came again to see Zhuge Liang, he found nothing unusual. Nothing happened on the second day, either. On the early morning of the third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su for a boat ride. The 20 boats were tied together. Zhuge’s fleet went towards the camp of Cao Cao. The surface of the river was covered with thick mist (浓雾). People could hardly see each other on the river. When Zhuge’s fleet got close to the Cao camp, Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to shout and beat drums heavily to pretend an attack (假装进攻). But Zhuge Liang and Lu Su only sat inside one boat drinking wine to enjoy themselves. As soon as the Cao camp heard the shouting and drum beating, they thought it was a surprise attack by the Zhou Yu camp. They could see nobody on the river, so they had to order 3, 000 soldiers to shoot arrows to stop the sudden attack. One side of the scarecrows was quickly full of arrows. When both sides were full of arrows, the day broke. Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to return. The soldiers shouted in excitement, “Thank you, Cao Cao, for your arrows.” After they got back to their camp, they collected more than 100, 000 arrows in all from the scarecrows. 1．How many days did Zhou Yu give Zhuge Liang for him to make 100, 000 arrows at first? A．One day. B．Two days. C．Three days. D．Ten days. 2．The underlined word “fleet” probably means ________ in Chinese. A．船桨 B．船帆 C．甲板 D．船队 3．Who came up with the idea to get the arrows? A．Zhou Yu. B．Zhuge Liang. C．Lu Su. D．Cao Cao. 4．The soldiers in the Cao camp shot arrows because ________. A．the Zhou Yu camp started an attack B．they could see each other on the river C．they thought the shouting and drum beating were a surprise attack D．Lu Su beat the drums 5．How did Zhou Yu probably feel after Zhuge Liang returned with over 100, 000 arrows? A．Surprised. B．Bored. C．Tired. D．Lonely. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“草船借箭”的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100, 000 arrows in ten days.”可知，周瑜命令诸葛亮在十天内制造十万支箭。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“The 20 boats were tied together. Zhuge’s fleet went towards the camp of Cao Cao.”可知，20艘船用结实的绳子系在一起，组成了船队，然后诸葛亮带着船队向曹操的营地进发；据此可以推断“fleet”意为“船队”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Zhou Yu thought it was impossible, but Zhuge Liang said, ‘Give me three days.’ Then he asked Lu Su to lend him 20 boats, and the soldiers put some scarecrows in line on the boats.”和第二段“On the early morning of the third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su for a boat ride.”可知，诸葛亮想出了借箭的主意。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“As soon as the Cao camp heard the shouting and drum beating, they thought it was a surprise attack by the Zhou Yu camp.”可知，曹营一听到喊声和鼓声，就以为是周瑜的突然袭击。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100, 000 arrows in ten days. Zhou Yu thought it was impossible,”可知，周瑜认为在10天内弄到10万支箭是不可能的；据此可以推断，当诸葛亮带着十万多支箭回来时，周瑜会感到很惊讶。故选A。 （24-25九年级上·河南濮阳·期末）Paper can be seen everywhere in our life and we cannot study and work without it. Do you know who invented paper? It was created in China, yet there is no one knows exactly about who first invented it. However, according to historical records, it was improved by a man named Cai Lun from Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25—AD 220). It is said that Cai Lun used to pay visits to the countryside factory when he worked as an Shang-fang Ling officer in charge of producing weapons (武器). In that period, he always wanted to create something soft and easy to write. Inspired by women who raised silkworms, he tried to make paper, using many materials such as bark, ropes and rags. He broke these raw materials down into very small pieces and produced a kind of paper at last. Cai’s way of making paper improved the quality of paper greatly. Cai Lun got praised by the Emperor He of Han as soon as he showed his way to make paper to the emperor. And this kind of paper was called Cai Hou Paper. Cai Lun not only made new paper a popular and widely used writing material but also changed the way of writing, which had a great influence on later generations and Cai Hou Paper was one of the most important contributions of Chinese civilization to the world. In 2007, Cai Lun was listed as one of the “Best Inventors in Recorded History” by the American Time due to his great improvement on paper-making. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．When was the paper we know today improved according to the article? A．More than 2000 years ago. B．About 1900 years ago. C．About 3000 years ago. D．Fewer than 1000 years ago. 2．Which material was not mentioned during Cai’s paper-making process? A．Bark. B．Silk. C．Rags. D．Ropes. 3．Put the events into correct order according to the article. a. Cai Lun changed the way of writing. b. Cai Lun visited the countryside factory. c. Cai Lun got praised by Emperor He of Han. d. Cai Lun made paper with different kinds of materials. A．d-b-a-c B．d-a-b-c C．b-d-c-a D．b-d-a-c 4．What is the meaning of the underlined word “silkworm” in Paragraph 2? A．蚕 B．蝴蝶 C．蠕虫 D．蚯蚓 5．What is the article mainly about? A．The first country to make paper. B．The ancestor (祖先) of paper. C．One of the Four Great Inventions of ancient China. D．The improver of paper-making process, Cai Lun. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纸的发明历史、蔡伦对造纸术的改进以及造纸术对世界文明的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“according to historical records, it was improved by a man named Cai Lun from Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25—AD 220)”可知，蔡伦是东汉时期的人，他改进了造纸术；东汉时期大约是公元25年到公元220年，所以到现在大约是1900多年前。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“he tried to make paper, using many materials such as bark, ropes and rags”可知，蔡伦在造纸过程中使用了树皮、绳索和破布等材料，但没有提到丝绸 (silk)。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cai Lun used to pay visits to the countryside factory”可知，蔡伦曾去乡村工厂参观，b“蔡伦参观农村工厂。”排第一；根据第二段“Inspired by women who raised silkworms, he tried to make paper, using many materials such as bark, ropes and rags”可知，他受到启发尝试用多种材料造纸，d“蔡伦用不同的材料造纸。”排第二；根据第二段“Cai Lun got praised by the Emperor He of Han”可知，他得到了皇帝的赞赏，c“蔡伦得到了汉和帝的称赞。”排第三；根据第三段“Cai Lun not only made new paper a popular and widely used writing material but also changed the way of writing,”可知，他使纸成为广泛使用的书写材料从而改变了书写方式，a“蔡伦改变了书写方式。”排第四，所以正确顺序是b-d-c-a。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据常识和上下文语境可知，“raised silkworms”是“养蚕”的意思，因为蚕吐丝与造纸可能存在一定的启发关联，所以silkworm的意思是“蚕”。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主要围绕蔡伦展开，讲述了他改进造纸术的过程、其造纸术的影响等内容，重点是介绍造纸术的改进者蔡伦。故选D。 （24-25九年级上·广东广州·期末）The ground shook suddenly. Houses moved, and people ran into the streets with scare. With people running around, Zhang Heng stood still, thinking quickly. “There must be a way to know when this will happen,” he thought. He had seen many earthquakes (地震) in his life, and each time, people couldn’t do anything. But this time, Zhang Heng decided to find a method. For days, he could think of nothing else but the earthquake. He was a man who loved science and understood the power of nature. After studying the stars, the sky, and the earth for years, Zhang Heng had an idea—what if there was a machine that could feel earthquakes before they happened? Without wasting any time, Zhang Heng began to work on his invention. He used bronze (青铜) to create a large container with eight dragon heads, each holding a small ball in its mouth. At the bottom of each dragon, he placed a frog. If an earthquake happened, the shaking would cause the ball to fall into the frog’s mouth, showing the direction of the earthquake. Months of hard work passed, and one night, Zhang Heng was ready to test his invention. Suddenly, the ground shook again. His heart raced as he rushed to the machine. To his surprise, one of the dragon heads dropped its ball! The ball fell into the frog’s mouth, pointing west. Zhang Heng smiled with excitement. It worked! A few days later, a strong earthquake hit the west, just as the Seismoscope (地动仪) had shown. People were amazed, and Zhang Heng’s invention saved many lives by giving them a warning before the disaster. Though his name became famous, Zhang Heng never stopped searching for answers. He knew that science was a never-ending journey, and he was always ready for the next challenge. 1．What was Zhang Heng trying to do in the story? A．To build some machines to help people with everyday tasks. B．To create a container for telling the weather ahead of time. C．To become famous for his scientific work and inventions. D．To find a way to warn about earthquakes ahead of time. 2．How did Zhang Heng’s Seismoscope work? A．The eight dragon heads could move slowly to show earthquakes. B．The shaking from an earthquake made balls fall into frogs’ mouths. C．It showed the temperature change before an earthquake happened. D．The machine could tell exactly when an earthquake was happening. 3．What was the Seismoscope’s test like? A．The Seismoscope did not work at all and failed. B．The machine showed the earthquake’s direction. C．The frog opened its mouth and shouted loudly. D．The invention was damaged during the test. 4．Which of the following best describes Zhang Heng? A．He gave up doing researches after becoming famous. B．He was satisfied with his own great inventions. C．He always looked for new scientific challenges. D．He believed that science had solved all problems. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要是通过讲述张衡发明地动仪的故事，展现了他对科学的热爱和不懈探索精神，以及他如何通过发明帮助人们提前预警地震，拯救生命。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“There must be a way to know when this will happen”以及第二段“what if there was a machine that could feel earthquakes before they happened?”可知，张衡试图找到一种能提前预警地震的方法。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“He used bronze to create a large container with eight dragon heads, each holding a small ball in its mouth. At the bottom of each dragon, he placed a frog. If an earthquake happened, the shaking would cause the ball to fall into the frog’s mouth, showing the direction of the earthquake.”可知，当地震发生时，震动会使龙嘴里的小球掉进青蛙嘴里，以此显示地震方向。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“one of the dragon heads dropped its ball! The ball fell into the frog’s mouth, pointing west.”可知，一条龙口中的球掉入了青蛙的口中，指向西方；据此可以推断，地动仪测试时显示出了地震的方向。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Though his name became famous, Zhang Heng never stopped searching for answers. He knew that science was a never - ending journey, and he was always ready for the next challenge.”可知，尽管张衡因发明地动仪而闻名，但他从未停止对科学的探索，始终准备迎接新的挑战。故选C。 2 同步新课程，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 1 同步新课程，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新课程英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新课程英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 1 Wise men in history 单元话题（历史人物）阅读理解进阶练15篇（真题+模拟） 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 （2024·西藏·中考真题）Li Shizhen (1518—1593), was a famous Chinese medical scientist, pharmacist (药学家) and naturalist (博物学家) of the Ming Dynasty. Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a medical practitioner (从业人员) who travelled the countryside, and his father, Li Yanwen, was also a famous local doctor. Grown up in a medical family like this, he was really fond of medicine since he was a kid. However, his father wanted him to study for the imperial examinations (科举考试) and did not encourage him to practise medicine due to the low social status (地位) at the time. However, Li Shizhen didn’t give up studying medicine. When Li Shizhen was young, he enjoyed traditional Chinese medicine and began to read medical books. He found many mistakes in those books. He worried these mistakes would cause serious problems or death. So Li Shizhen decided to write a new book. He travelled everywhere to look for herbs (药草) and do research. And he talked with farmers, doctors and patients. He even tested herbs on himself and almost lost his life many times. Li Shizhen collected and recorded over 1,890 herbs. He also read about 900 medical books. He worked day and night. Finally the valuable work, Compendium of Materia Medica or Bencao Gangmu, came out. Today Materia Medica has been translated into many foreign languages. It is widely read not only in China but also in many other countries around the world. 1．From the passage, Li Shizhen is a (an)_________. A．artist B．doctor C．traveller D．farmer 2．Which is Li Shizhen’s famous work? A．《茶经》 B．《千金方》 C．《本草纲目》 D．《伤寒杂病论》 3．Why did Li Shizhen write Compendium of Materia Medica? A．He wanted to be famous. B．He wanted to be a great writer. C．He wanted to save more people. D．He wanted to make enough money. 4．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．Li Shizhen didn’t like herbs. B．Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a farmer. C．Li Shizhen’s father encouraged him to be a doctor. D．Li Shizhen found many mistakes in the medical books. 5．Which is the best title (标题) for the passage? A．A Story of The Herbs B．Li Shizhen and His Family C．A Medical Scientist of The Song Dynasty D．Li Shizhen and Compendium of Materia Medica （2025·河南洛阳·一模） The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. There are many different legends (传说) about the festival, but the most famous one is about Qu Yuan, a poet of the State of Chu during the Warring States Period (475—221 B．C．). Qu Yuan is said to love his country during his whole life. When he realized that he could no longer help it grew stronger and stronger, on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, he threw himself into the river and died for his beloved homeland. Local people heard the news and rushed into their boats to search for him. They threw jiaoshu—rice dumplings and other food into the river to keep fish and turtles from eating Qu Yuan’s body. Later, to commemorate (纪念) this poet, the customs of holding dragon boat races and throwing jiaoshu into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month were passed down, giving rise to the name Dragon Boat Festival. At that time, every family would put rice in the water for some time, prepare reed (芦苇) leaves for wrapping (包裹), wrap the rice around sweet fillings. Slowly, people gave it a name, called zongzi. The zongzi is an important food for the Dragon Boat Festival. In Qu Yuan’s hometown, Zigui county of Central China’s Hubei province, a grand dragon boat race is held every year during the Dragon Boat Festival. This folk activity has been passed down from generation to generation, dating back more than 2,000 years. To develop traditional Chinese festival, China’s dragon boat racing has developed from a local activity into a grand sports event and even became an international sporting event. There are more than 85 countries and regions in the world that holds dragon boat races every year. The Dragon Boat Festival is one of the most meaningful festivals in China and it’s a special time to remind people of the importance of family reunion and traditional culture. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What does the first paragraph mainly tells us? A．The importance of Quyuan’s poem. B．The reasons of Quyuan’s achievements. C．The forms about the Dragon Boat Festival. D．The background of the Dragon Boat Festival. 2．Which of the following goes well with the character of the text? A．路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。 B．出师未捷身先死，长使英雄泪满襟。 C．三年谪宦此栖迟，万古惟留楚客悲。 D．人生自古谁无死？留取丹心照汗青。 3．Why do people hold dragon boat races on the Dragon Boat Festival at first? A．To enjoy the exciting sports races. B．To commemorate this famous poet. C．To develop the local activity into a sports event. D．To remind people of the importance of family reunion. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? A．①/②③/④⑤ B．①/②/③④⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①②/③/④⑤ 5．In which unit of the textbook can the text be found? A．Unit 1  Traditional festivals and culture. B．Unit 2  Customs and services. C．Unit 3  History and delicious seafood. D．Unit 4  Events and inventions. （2025·四川广元·模拟预测）On March 12, 2025, Tree Planting Day, people from all walks of life gathered at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Xiangshan, Beijing, to mark the 100th anniversary (周年纪念日) of the passing of the famous Chinese politician (政治家) and leader, Sun Yat-sen. The event included speeches about his life and achievement. Sun Yat-sen was born in 1866. He wanted to be a doctor at first. However, after seeing the essence of Chinese society clearly, he gave up being a doctor and his rich life but spent his life fighting for China’s freedom. In 1905, Sun Yat-sen set up the Chinese Revolutionary League (中国同盟会) in Japan. He played an important role in the 1911 Revolution, which ended more than 2,000 years of feudal (封建的) rule in China. This event was a turning point in China’s modern history, bringing about the founding of the Republic of China in 1912. Sun Yat-sen was not only a leader but also a thinker with great ideas. He created three main rules for China: love our country, let people have power, and make life better for everyone. These ideas helped shape China’s future. Even though Sun Yat-sen passed away 100 years ago, his courage and ideas have been encouraging us. People still remember him and all the brave people who fought for China’s bright future. Their stories remind us to keep working hard for a better China, just like Sun Yat-sen wanted. 1．Why did people get together in Xiangshan, Beijing? A．To miss Sun Yat-sen. B．To join in a speech about Sun Yat-sen. C．To celebrate Tree Planting Day. D．To learn the history of Tree Planting Day. 2．What does the underlined word “essence” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 2? A．幻想 B．本质 C．精神 D．信号 3．When was a turning point in China’s modern history? A．In 1866. B．In 1905. C．In 1911. D．1912. 4．What are the three rules created by Sun Yat-sen? ①let people have power  ②study for the country  ③make life better for everyone  ④love our country A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 5．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Ways to Work Hard for a Better China B．The Three Main Rules for China C．The 100th Anniversary of Sun Yat-sen D．A Great Man in Chinese History （2025·天津南开·二模） During the Tang Dynasty (618—907), Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister Feng Deyi to find talented (有才能的) people. However, several months passed, Feng didn’t find anyone. “I tried my best, but there are not talented people at all,” Feng said. “People are like utensils (器物). What-we need to do is to make good use of their strengths. You should blame (责怪) yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are not talented people in our country?” said the emperor. It is true that each utensil has a specific (特定的) function. A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as a chopstick. Like a utensil, each person has his or her strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at everything. With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds. He gave them important jobs, which helped them make the most of their talents. His talented people helped the society develop and created a “golden age”. 1．How long did Feng Deyi spend finding talented people? A．A few days. B．Several weeks. C．Several months. D．Over a year. 2．Why couldn’t Feng find any talented people? A．He did not like talented people. B．He was not pleased with the emperor. C．There were not talented people in the country. D．His standards for talented people were wrong. 3．Knives and chopsticks are compared to ________ according to the story. A．jobs B．people C．food D．strengths 4．Which of the following was Emperor Taizong’s idea about talented people? A．Each person has a particular strength. B．Talented people should be good at everything. C．Feng Deyi will never be a talented person. D．People of different backgrounds cannot be talented. 5．What does the story mainly want to tell us? A．Chances are always left for those who are ready. B．There are few talented people so it’s hard to find them. C．A good leader should use people’s abilities in the right way. D．The success of a society depends only on the abilities of its leader. （2025·甘肃天水·三模）In ancient China, there were many shining names in the river of the history. Here are some great characters of that time. Confucius was a great educator and good at learning. Once Confucius and his students were on their way, a little boy suddenly stopped in their way and asked the master to go around the “city” that he made with bricks and stones. Confucius thought this boy was so smart and didn’t treat the “city” as a toy. The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.” Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people. Zhang Qian was born in Chenggu of Western Han Dynasty. He was an outstanding envoy and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west. As a famous Tang Dynasty poet, Du Fu wrote over one thousand and five hundred poems. Most of them described the common people’s sufferings and sorrows during the terrible years of the Tang Dynasty, expressing his profound worry and deep love for his country and the people. Li Shizhen was born in 1518. He found many old medicine books full of mistakes. So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden, but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the working people. At last, he completed his great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, one of the greatest contributions to the medical science of the world. 1．Why is Confucius a great educator? A．Because he understood the boy and gave way to the “city”. B．Because he traveled with his students from state to state. C．Because he likes learning and had wise thoughts about education. D．Because he was smarter than others and read many books. 2．What did Li Bing do to help the people? A．He brought much useful information from the west. B．He set up many water projects. C．He travelled and wrote many famous poems. D．He helped many sick people in the village. 3．Zhang Qian ________. A．opened up the ancient Silk Road B．liked travelling to the west C．was an outstanding writer D．was born in East Han Dynasty 4．Li Shizhen studied medicine ________. A．at home B．in the wild C．by communicating with others D．A, B and C 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the article? A．The people are all great poets and have their own works. B．Du Fu is not only a great poet but also a super captain. C．Li Shizhen didn’t write any work. D．The people mentioned are all cared for the people. 进阶拓展训练5篇 （2025·云南昆明·三模）Song Lian was a famous historian and official in the Ming dynasty. He was known as one of the three great writers in the Early Ming Dynasty. As a child, Song loved reading, but his family was too poor to buy him books. Song had to borrow books, and he always made sure to return them on time. Once Song borrowed a book and liked it a lot. He decided to copy the book down, but the book was due soon. Song Lian copied the book every day until midnight. It was the middle of winter. His mother said, “It’s too cold to stay up late. The owner isn’t waiting to read it, is he?” “It doesn’t matter whether he’s waiting or not,” Song replied. “It’s a matter of faith. If you make a habit of breaking promises, how can you earn the respect of others?” Another time, Song planned to visit a famous teacher far away, out on that day, it snowed heavily. When Song went to get his luggage (行李), his mother was surprised. “How can you travel so far on such a snowy day?” she asked. “Why not wait until the snow clears? No one expects you to be on time in this weather,” Song smiled and said, “No matter how hard the snow falls, I must go. It would be impolite to break my promise.” When Song arrived at the teacher’s house, the teacher was greatly moved. He said, “Young man, nothing can stop you from keeping your word. You’ll surely have a bright future!” 1．How did Song keep reading as a child? A．By joining a reading group. B．By reading with his mother. C．By borrowing books from others. D．By reading at school. 2．Why did Song stay up copying the book? A．He enjoyed it so much that he wanted to save it. B．He wanted to memorize the book before returning it. C．He didn’t have much time during the daytime. D．He wanted to return the book to its owner on time. 3．Who did Song plan to visit? A．A friend. B．A teacher. C．A historian. D．A relative. 4．What surprised Song’s mother when he was preparing to visit his teacher? A．He packed too many things in his bag. B．He planned to travel in bad weather. C．He wanted to visit a teacher who lived far away. D．He expected to go there by himself. 5．What can we learn from the story? A．Try to keep our promises. B．Interest is the best teacher. C．Hard work leads to success. D．Practice makes perfect. （24-25九年级·江苏盐城·期末）Once again the Captain’s will won. Silent, the men returned to their posts. But Captain Columbus was worried because he knew in his heart that a day would come when his words would no longer help. Before that day, he would see land. Not an eye closed that night. The Captain stood on the high poop (艉楼) and with sleepless eyes he tried hard to look into the darkness ahead. Then, two hours before midnight, the miracle happened. A far-off light struck his eyes. It wavered (摇曳) once or twice, moving quickly on the horizon, like a fisherman’s boat on the waves. His heart hammered (砰砰直跳). But he dared not cry out, “Land!” “Your eyes are sharp, Alfredo,” he whispered to a young sailor. “Tell me what you see.” Even as he spoke, the light disappeared. “I see nothing.” The sailor stared into the darkness. The light had reappeared. “Look out!” “Ah, yes, yes! A light. Over there.” “Quiet! Are you sure, Alfredo?” “But yes, Captain! It is gone now, yet I saw it.” Surely this was not a trick of the light! Alfredo had seen it too. Somewhere ahead in darkness were human beings and inhabited land. They stood shoulder to trembling shoulder, staring into the dark. Hour after hour passed. The sand-glass under the lantern showed that it was two o’clock in the morning. The other two ships loomed (隐约出现) vaguely and in the east the line of the horizon was clearly defined. Then came a flash of flame (火焰). The long-awaited signal! Land in sight. “Land! Land!” Almost immediately came the ringing cry. There in the west, green and fair, lay an island. Who can tell how Christopher Columbus felt at that moment? The long waiting was at an end. The dream had come true. 1．Where did the story happen? A．On an island. B．On the sea. C．In the west. D．In the Captain’s dream. 2．When did the Captain see a far-off light for the first time? A．At about 10 p.m. B．At about 2 a.m. C．At midnight. D．In the morning. 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence “Not an eye closed that night”? A．Captain Columbus had slept heavily for the whole night. B．Captain Columbus kept an eye closed that night. C．Captain Columbus had one eye open that night. D．Captain Columbus had been awake for the whole night. 4．During that night, how did Captain Columbus’ feelings change? A．Worried → nervous → excited. B．Scared → curious → happy. C．Afraid → happy → excited. D．Excited → scared → happy. 5．What was Captain Columbus’ dream? A．Finding the human beings in the sea. B．Being saved by other ships. C．Helping his sailors get the light in the darkness. D．Discovering the land on the horizon (地平线). （2023·广东广州·一模）When talking about fishing in China, Jiang Tai Gong is very likely to be the first name that would come to people’s mind. The story happened in the late years of the Shang dynasty. Jiang Tai Gong once served the king of Shang dynasty, and began to hate him for tyranny from the bottom of heart. Jiang Tai Gong was a genius in military tactics and government management. He lived near the Weihe River about 3,000 years ago. The area was the feudal estate of Count Ji Chang. Jiang Tai Gong knew Ji Chang was very ambitious, so he hoped to get Ji’s attention. He often went fishing at the Weihe River, but he would fish in an unusual way. He hung a straight fishhook, without bait, three feet above the water. Lookers-on were curious about it, and Jiang Tai Gong explained, “I would like to take honestly rather than to ask for with the knees down. I fish not for the fish but for the nobility (高贵).” Later words traveled to Count Ji. He sent a soldier to invite him. Jiang Tai Gong ignored the solider, going on with fishing, and was talking to himself, “Fishing, fishing, no fish has been hooked. A shrimp is up to mischief (恶作剧).” The soldier reported this back to Ji Chang, who became more interested in this man. Then, Count Ji sent an official to invite him. It didn’t work. Finally Ji Chang realized Jiang may be a genius, so he went to invite Jiang Tai Gong himself. Jiang saw his sincerity and honesty and finally decided to work for him. In the end, Jiang Tai Gong helped Count Ji and his offspring build a great power and build  Zhou dynasty — a great dynasty. Today, people use the old idiom There are always fish willing to be caught by angler Jiang Taigong to describe someone who willingly falls in a trap or does something no matter what the result is. This idiom has been passed on from generation to generation. To some degree, it could be regarded as a part of Chinese philosophy. 1．Why did Jiang Tai Gong give up serving the king of Shang Dynasty? A．Because Jiang was too old to serve the king. B．Because the king treated his people rudely. C．Because Jiang was an ambitious person. D．Because the king didn’t need Jiang any more. 2．How did Jiang Tai Gong fish? A．He fished with a straight hook in the water. B．He fished without bait above the water. C．He fished with bait to plead for fish. D．He fished with a usual fishhook without bait. 3．What does the underlined part “a shrimp” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．a kind of animal B．a small fish C．the soldier D．the official 4．Which of the followings can we use the idiom to describe? A．Linda, who still trusts people that tell lies B．Annie, who is always willing to help others C．Leo, who enjoys setting taps for others D．Tommy, who does things after thinking twice （24-25九年级上·广东广州·期末）Many people consider Bao Zheng a genius official in Chinese history. One day, Bao Zheng saw a boy crying sadly in the street. He asked the boy what happened. The poor boy told Bao Zheng that he sold fried snacks for a living. Today, he made 100 coins from hard work and was going to buy his sick mother some medicine with the money on his way. As he worked for the whole morning, he felt tired and fell asleep beside a rock. Unfortunately, he found that all his coins in the basket disappeared when he woke up. After hearing this, Bao Zheng thought for a moment and said, “I see. Surely, it was this rock that stole your money. I’ll question it and help you get your money back.” Everyone around them thought this was very strange and watched excitedly. Bao Zheng said to the rock, “Rock, rock, was it you that stole the child’s coins?” The rock didn’t reply, of course. Bao Zheng got mad and shouted angrily, “Rock, rock, tell the truth, or I’ll beat you!” The people around laughed and talked secretly, “How can a rock steal money?” “How can a rock speak?” “Everyone says that Bao Zheng is smart, but he looks like a fool to me!” Bao Zheng heard all these and felt very annoyed, so he shouted at these people, “How dare you say bad things behind me! Now I’m going to ask for coins from each of you!” Bao Zheng ordered his men to bring him a pot of water, and asked these people to throw their coins into it. Suddenly, when one man put his coin into the pot, Bao Zheng ordered his men to catch him. “You are the thief!” Bao Zheng continued to explain calmly, “Look, when this man dropped a coin into the pot, some oil floated on the water. Only a fried snack seller carries coins with oil on them, so there is no doubt that this man has stolen the coins from the sleeping child.” Thanks to Bao Zheng, the boy got his money back. Everyone said that Bao Zheng was a really wise man. 1．What can we know about the boy from paragraph 1? A．He lived a poor life without parents. B．He made a living by selling vegetables. C．He played an important role in supporting his family. D．He made much money and planned to take it home. 2．What does the underlined word “Unfortunately” probably mean in paragraph 1? A．Uncertainly. B．Unluckily. C．Unclearly. D．Unimportantly. 3．Why did Bao Zheng question a rock? A．He had no idea how to find out the truth. B．He thought the rock stole the boy’s money. C．He wanted to attract the real thief to appear. D．He supposed the rock could tell him the truth. 4．Why did Bao Zheng think the man was the real thief in paragraph 4? A．The man didn’t put a coin into the pot. B．The coin the man dropped had some oil on it. C．The man told Bao Zheng that he was the real thief. D．One of the people around them told Bao Zheng the truth. （2025·广东东莞·模拟预测） A Star Woman—Wang Zhenyi Wang Zhenyi, born in 1768, was a great woman scientist in Qing Dynasty. At that time, girls couldn’t get good education, but her father encouraged her to read books and educate herself. She became interested in astronomy (天文学), math, geography, medicine and poems. In 1786, she decided to give much attention to astronomy, math and poems. After years of hard work, she achieved a lot. Her achievements: ◎Found out when the eclipses (日蚀，月蚀) of the sun and the moon would happen. ◎Learned a lot about how the sun, the moon and the earth move in space. ◎Made some new rules in math. ◎Wrote many books and poems. Sadly, Wang died when she was only 29 years old. Even though her life was short, her thoughts and discoveries live on. In 2000, a planet was named after her. Her spirit and hard work continue to inspire people today. 1．When was Wang Zhenyi born? A．In 1768. B．In 1786. C．In 1797. D．In 2000. 2．According to the passage, what did Wang Zhenyi decide to give much attention? A．Math, geography and medicine. B．Astronomy, math and poems. C．Astronomy, medicine and poems. D．Astronomy, medicine and geography. 3．What can we learn from Wang Zhenyi? A．It is easy to become successful. B．Nothing is impossible if we work hard. C．Women are always wiser than men. D．It’s impossible for a woman to be a scientist in ancient time. 4．How many achievements did Wang Zhenyi make? A．Five. B．Six. C．Four. D．Three. 5．In which part of a magazine can you probably read the passage? A．Health. B．Business. C．Sports. D．People. 能力综合实践5篇 （24-25九年级·广东深圳·开学考试） Archimedes screw  How does it work? Do you know who was described as “superhuman” by the great inventor and astronomer Galileo? It was Archimedes who solved the king’s problem of the golden crown while taking a bath. He was perhaps one of the most outstanding scientists in the world. He was a  mathematician, physicist, engineer, weapon (武器) designer and inventor. He was wise in philosophy, active in mathematics and physics. He was also recognized as one of the finest engineers of his time. He was born on the island of Sicily in the city of Syracuse around the year 287 BC and died in 212 BC． Archimedes showed great love for mathematics. He made many discoveries. For example, he determined the exact value of pi. He invented and developed methods similar to calculus (微积分) and used them to find the area of a circle and an accurate estimation (估计值) of the value of pi! Today he is regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians in history. Archimedes used his mathematical skills-and talents to create useful inventions. One of his most famous inventions is called the Archimedes’ Screw. It was a device that could lift water to higher levels. One of its first uses was to pump water out from a leaking ship. It is still used today in some places to move water from low places to high places. This invention influenced Leonardo da Vinci as he worked on developing the functioning flying machine. Archimedes’ intellectual curiosity and achievements to mathematics, in general, would go on to encourage other mathematicians as well. Most of his achievements were by far ahead of his time. Archimedes was in deed a genius. 1．According to paragraph 1, which achievement may NOT belong to Archimedes? A．He invented a kind of mechanical device for farming. B．He put forward the Free Fall Law through experiment. C．He designed a weapon to throw stones to attack the enemy. D．He found the Law of Archimedes when he was having a bath. 2．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? A．Archimedes’ discoveries in maths. B．A brief introduction to Archimedes. C．Archimedes’ study on the universe. D．The great inventions of Archimedes. 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3? A．A leaking ship. B．Water from low places. C．The Archimedes’ Screw. D．The functioning flying machine. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the article? A．Archimedes was a man with many talents and died at the age of 75. B．The Archimedes’ Screw helped lift water from lower places to higher places. C．Leonardo da Vinci and Archimedes developed the functioning flying machine. D．Archimedes’ achievements will continue to encourage generations of mathematicians. 5．What might be the best title for the article? A．Archimedes and Inventions B．Archimedes and Mathematics C．Archimedes and His Achievements D．The Life Experience of Archimedes （2025·广东深圳·三模）Shang Yang was a politician (政治家) of the Qin state. He was very wise and forward-thinking. He worked out several reform (改革) plans for the state, including focusing on farming and giving rewards (奖励) to soldiers who were successful during wars. But at the beginning, these reforms were not easily carried out. Only a few people in the state understood Shang’s talent and the advantages of his plans. Most people had little trust and confidence in him. To solve this problem, Shang came up with an idea. He ordered some soldiers to put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin state capital. This attracted many people. Then, in front of the crowd, he said loudly, “People of Qin, whoever takes this pole to the north gate will get a reward of 10 gold pieces.” It was a simple task and the reward was big. Some people passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought that Shang was joking. Hearing no answer, Shang stepped forward and said, “I will increase the reward to 50 gold pieces.” The words sounded even more unbelievable. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward to take the pole. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces. Soon, the people were saying that Shang was a man of his word. When he began promoting (推行) his reforms, the people followed and did not question him. Under the great reforms, Qin grew strong and united all the states, becoming the first empire (帝国) of China. Later, people drew the Chinese idiom “立木取信” from this story. 1．Shang Yang’s reforms ________. A．were never trusted by people B．made Qin grow strong C．were carried out easily at the beginning D．focused on farming and education 2．What does the underlined phrase “a man of his word” mean? A．A man who can keep his promises. B．A man who is talkative. C．A man who is good at arguing. D．A man who often has words with others. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①/②/③/④⑤⑥⑦ B．①/②/③④⑤/⑥⑦ C．①②③/④⑤/⑥⑦ D．①②/③④/⑤⑥⑦ 4．What is the most important lesson from Shang Yang’s story? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Keeping promises builds trust. C．Money can solve all problems. D．New ideas are always resisted (抵制). 5．Where can you probably read this passage? A．A travel guide. B．A health magazine. C．A history storybook. D．A business newspaper. （23-24九年级上·云南玉溪·期末）One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100, 000 arrows (箭) in ten days. Zhou Yu thought it was impossible, but Zhuge Liang said, “Give me three days.” Then he asked Lu Su to lend him 20 boats, and the soldiers put some scarecrows (稻草人) in line on the boats. He asked Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu what was happening. When Lu Su came again to see Zhuge Liang, he found nothing unusual. Nothing happened on the second day, either. On the early morning of the third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su for a boat ride. The 20 boats were tied together. Zhuge’s fleet went towards the camp of Cao Cao. The surface of the river was covered with thick mist (浓雾). People could hardly see each other on the river. When Zhuge’s fleet got close to the Cao camp, Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to shout and beat drums heavily to pretend an attack (假装进攻). But Zhuge Liang and Lu Su only sat inside one boat drinking wine to enjoy themselves. As soon as the Cao camp heard the shouting and drum beating, they thought it was a surprise attack by the Zhou Yu camp. They could see nobody on the river, so they had to order 3, 000 soldiers to shoot arrows to stop the sudden attack. One side of the scarecrows was quickly full of arrows. When both sides were full of arrows, the day broke. Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to return. The soldiers shouted in excitement, “Thank you, Cao Cao, for your arrows.” After they got back to their camp, they collected more than 100, 000 arrows in all from the scarecrows. 1．How many days did Zhou Yu give Zhuge Liang for him to make 100, 000 arrows at first? A．One day. B．Two days. C．Three days. D．Ten days. 2．The underlined word “fleet” probably means ________ in Chinese. A．船桨 B．船帆 C．甲板 D．船队 3．Who came up with the idea to get the arrows? A．Zhou Yu. B．Zhuge Liang. C．Lu Su. D．Cao Cao. 4．The soldiers in the Cao camp shot arrows because ________. A．the Zhou Yu camp started an attack B．they could see each other on the river C．they thought the shouting and drum beating were a surprise attack D．Lu Su beat the drums 5．How did Zhou Yu probably feel after Zhuge Liang returned with over 100, 000 arrows? A．Surprised. B．Bored. C．Tired. D．Lonely. （24-25九年级上·河南濮阳·期末）Paper can be seen everywhere in our life and we cannot study and work without it. Do you know who invented paper? It was created in China, yet there is no one knows exactly about who first invented it. However, according to historical records, it was improved by a man named Cai Lun from Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25—AD 220). It is said that Cai Lun used to pay visits to the countryside factory when he worked as an Shang-fang Ling officer in charge of producing weapons (武器). In that period, he always wanted to create something soft and easy to write. Inspired by women who raised silkworms, he tried to make paper, using many materials such as bark, ropes and rags. He broke these raw materials down into very small pieces and produced a kind of paper at last. Cai’s way of making paper improved the quality of paper greatly. Cai Lun got praised by the Emperor He of Han as soon as he showed his way to make paper to the emperor. And this kind of paper was called Cai Hou Paper. Cai Lun not only made new paper a popular and widely used writing material but also changed the way of writing, which had a great influence on later generations and Cai Hou Paper was one of the most important contributions of Chinese civilization to the world. In 2007, Cai Lun was listed as one of the “Best Inventors in Recorded History” by the American Time due to his great improvement on paper-making. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．When was the paper we know today improved according to the article? A．More than 2000 years ago. B．About 1900 years ago. C．About 3000 years ago. D．Fewer than 1000 years ago. 2．Which material was not mentioned during Cai’s paper-making process? A．Bark. B．Silk. C．Rags. D．Ropes. 3．Put the events into correct order according to the article. a. Cai Lun changed the way of writing. b. Cai Lun visited the countryside factory. c. Cai Lun got praised by Emperor He of Han. d. Cai Lun made paper with different kinds of materials. A．d-b-a-c B．d-a-b-c C．b-d-c-a D．b-d-a-c 4．What is the meaning of the underlined word “silkworm” in Paragraph 2? A．蚕 B．蝴蝶 C．蠕虫 D．蚯蚓 5．What is the article mainly about? A．The first country to make paper. B．The ancestor (祖先) of paper. C．One of the Four Great Inventions of ancient China. D．The improver of paper-making process, Cai Lun. （24-25九年级上·广东广州·期末）The ground shook suddenly. Houses moved, and people ran into the streets with scare. With people running around, Zhang Heng stood still, thinking quickly. “There must be a way to know when this will happen,” he thought. He had seen many earthquakes (地震) in his life, and each time, people couldn’t do anything. But this time, Zhang Heng decided to find a method. For days, he could think of nothing else but the earthquake. He was a man who loved science and understood the power of nature. After studying the stars, the sky, and the earth for years, Zhang Heng had an idea—what if there was a machine that could feel earthquakes before they happened? Without wasting any time, Zhang Heng began to work on his invention. He used bronze (青铜) to create a large container with eight dragon heads, each holding a small ball in its mouth. At the bottom of each dragon, he placed a frog. If an earthquake happened, the shaking would cause the ball to fall into the frog’s mouth, showing the direction of the earthquake. Months of hard work passed, and one night, Zhang Heng was ready to test his invention. Suddenly, the ground shook again. His heart raced as he rushed to the machine. To his surprise, one of the dragon heads dropped its ball! The ball fell into the frog’s mouth, pointing west. Zhang Heng smiled with excitement. It worked! A few days later, a strong earthquake hit the west, just as the Seismoscope (地动仪) had shown. People were amazed, and Zhang Heng’s invention saved many lives by giving them a warning before the disaster. Though his name became famous, Zhang Heng never stopped searching for answers. He knew that science was a never-ending journey, and he was always ready for the next challenge. 1．What was Zhang Heng trying to do in the story? A．To build some machines to help people with everyday tasks. B．To create a container for telling the weather ahead of time. C．To become famous for his scientific work and inventions. D．To find a way to warn about earthquakes ahead of time. 2．How did Zhang Heng’s Seismoscope work? A．The eight dragon heads could move slowly to show earthquakes. B．The shaking from an earthquake made balls fall into frogs’ mouths. C．It showed the temperature change before an earthquake happened. D．The machine could tell exactly when an earthquake was happening. 3．What was the Seismoscope’s test like? A．The Seismoscope did not work at all and failed. B．The machine showed the earthquake’s direction. C．The frog opened its mouth and shouted loudly. D．The invention was damaged during the test. 4．Which of the following best describes Zhang Heng? A．He gave up doing researches after becoming famous. B．He was satisfied with his own great inventions. C．He always looked for new scientific challenges. D．He believed that science had solved all problems. 12 同步新课程，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 17 同步新课程，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$