Unit 5 Into the wild（知识清单）英语外研版2019必修第一册

Unit 5 Into the wild 单词 1.____________ n. 慈善机构，慈善团体 2.____________ adj. 大西洋的 3.____________ n. 鲸 4.____________ adj. 一年一度的，每年的 5.____________ n. 迁徙 6.____________ v. 迁徙；移栖 7.____________ v. 寻找；寻求 8.____________ v. 测量；衡量 9.____________ n. 位置 10.____________ v. 测定，确定 11.____________ adv. 最终；终于 12.____________ n. 解决，解决办法 13.____________ n. 难以理解的事物，谜 14.____________ adj. 惊人的，了不起的 15.____________ v. 暴跌 16.____________ n. 百分比 17.____________ v. 破坏，毁掉 18.____________ v. 幸存；活下来 19.____________ n. 影响，结果 20.____________ n. 当权，权力 21.____________ n. 来源，出处 22.____________ v. 创立，创建 23.____________ n. 按钮 24.____________ v. （从糟糕经历中）恢复 25.____________ n. 吃惊，震惊 26.____________ n. 基本部分，要素 27.____________ n. 多样化；变化 28.____________ prep. 每 29.____________ n. 小径，小道 30.____________ v. 专注，专心 31.____________ v. 突然停止，呆住 32.____________ v. 凝视；盯着看 33.__________ v.（用文字或图片）记录，捕捉 34.____________ n. 图像；影像 35._________ n. （对某一情形或事件的）反应 36.____________ n. 文件；档案 短语 1.成功到达____________ 2.…… 的解决方法____________ 3.砍伐____________ 4.以…… 为食____________ 5.决定做某事____________ 6.对…… 产生影响____________ 7.以…… 闻名____________ 8.以…… 的速度____________ 9.对…… 表示尊重____________ 10.毕竟____________ 11.各种各样的……____________ 12.专心 (做) 某事____________ 13.凝视；盯着看____________ 14.从…… 中恢复____________ 熟词生义 1.____________ v. 测定，确定 2.____________ v. 突然停止，呆住 句型 1.动词不定式作目的状语 They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or in search of warmer weather. 2.定语从句后嵌套第二层定语从句 They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat. 3.the + 比较级，the + 比较级 The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come. 4.that引导表语从句 Another reason to use idioms is that they are concise. 5.that引导同位语从句 While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. 6.强调句 It is after all we who are the visitors to their world. 语法 定语从句（2）关系副词 一、词汇清单 知识点1. seek（sought, sought）v. 寻找，寻求 【教材原句】They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or in search of warmer weather. (教材P66) 它们迁徙是为了寻找食物、寻觅配偶，或是寻求更温暖的气候。 【拓展】 搭配： seek（one's）advice 征求（某人的）意见 seek（one's）help 请求（某人的）帮助 seek to do sth. 设法做某事 谚语：Nothing seek，nothing find. 无所求则无所获。 【写作佳句】When facing difficult choices, teenagers should seek their parents' advice instead of making decisions alone.（面对困难的选择时，青少年应该征求父母的意见，而不是独自做决定。） 【经典练】 语法填空：She is seeking ____________ (improve) her English by practicing speaking every day. 知识点2. measure v. 量，测量 【教材原句】It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun. (教材P67) 它用眼睛来测量太阳的位置。 【拓展】 其他词义 1) v.（长度、数量）量度为 2) n. 措施，方法（常用复数） 搭配： （1）measure…by 用…… 衡量 （2）make... to one's own measure 依照某人的尺寸做 take measures to do sth.（= take steps/action to do sth.）采取措施做某事 take the measure of sb.（= take one's measure）摸清某人的底细 【写作佳句】 Scientists use special instruments to measure the temperature of the deep sea.（科学家们使用特殊仪器测量深海的温度。） 【经典练】 语法填空：Teachers often measure students' progress ______ their test scores and class performance. 知识点3. position n. 位置 【教材原句】It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun. (教材P67) 它用眼睛来测量太阳的位置。 【拓展】 其他词义：方位，职位，工作，姿态，站位 搭配： in a...position 处于…… 的地位/处境 in position 就位 在适当的位置 out of position 在不适当的位置 a leading position 首要地位 a sitting/kneeling/lying position 坐/跪/卧姿 be in a position of power/strength 处于有权力/有实力的地位 【写作佳句】After years of hard work, she finally got a leading position in the company.（经过多年努力，她最终在公司获得了首要职位。） 【经典练】 语法填空：Before the meeting starts, please make sure all the chairs are ______ position. 知识点4. determine v. 测定，确定 【教材原句】These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky – allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. (教材P67) 这两条信息 —— 一天中的时间以及太阳在天空中的位置 —— 能让蝴蝶确定飞行的方向。 【拓展】 其他词义：决定，下决心 搭配： （1）determine to do sth. 决定 / 决心做某事 determine on（doing）sth. 决定（做）某事 determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事 （2）determined adj. 坚决的,有决心的 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事，be determined that... 决心…… （3）determination n. 决心,决定 with determination 坚决地 【写作佳句】The teacher will determine the students' final grades based on their test scores and class participation.（老师将根据学生们的考试成绩和课堂表现来确定他们的期末成绩。） 【经典练】 语法填空：Her encouragement determined him ____________ (try) again after failing the exam. 知识点5. solution n. 解决，解决方法 【教材原句】The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.(教材P68) 黑脉金斑蝶惊人能力之谜的破解，恰逢其陷入严重生存危机之时。 【拓展】 搭配： a solution to …… 的解决办法（to 是介词） provide/offer a solution 提供解决办法 suggest/put forward a solution 提出解决办法 look for a solution 寻找解决办法 【写作佳句】Experts have put forward a new solution to the problem of traffic jams in big cities.（专家们针对大城市的交通拥堵问题提出了新的解决办法。） 【经典练】 语法填空：We are still looking for a solution ______ the environmental problem caused by plastic waste. 知识点6. amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的 【教材原句】The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.(教材P68) 黑脉金斑蝶惊人能力之谜的破解，恰逢其陷入严重生存危机之时。 【拓展】 搭配： （1）an amazing achievement/discovery/success 惊人的成就/发现/成功 It is amazing that... 令人惊讶的是…… （2）amaze vt. 使惊奇→amazed adj. 感到惊奇的 be amazed at/by... 感到惊讶 be amazed to see/find... 惊讶地看到 / 发现…… （3）amazement n. 吃惊 in amazement 吃惊地 to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是 学法点拨： -ing 形容词常说明事物或人本身的特征（“令人感到……”） -ed 形容词常描述人的感觉（“感到……”），也可描述表情、声音等。 【写作佳句】It is amazing that the little boy can play the piano so well without any training.（令人惊讶的是，这个小男孩没经过任何训练就能弹钢琴弹得这么好。） 【经典练】 语法填空：We were ____________ (amaze) at the ____________ (amaze) story he told us yesterday. 知识点7. destroy v. 破坏，毁掉 【教材原句】In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. (教材P68) 在许多能发现这种蝴蝶的地方，人类正在破坏其自然生存环境。 【拓展】 搭配： （1）destroy one's confidence/hope/faith 摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰 （2）destruction n. 破坏，毁灭 词语辨析： destroy（彻底破坏，无法修复） damage（部分损坏，可修复） ruin（严重毁坏，侧重破坏内在价值） 【写作佳句】The terrible earthquake destroyed thousands of houses and made many people homeless.（这场可怕的地震摧毁了成千上万的房屋，使许多人无家可归。） 【经典练】 语法填空：The fire last night destroyed a lot of valuable paintings, causing great ____________ (destroy) to the museum. 知识点8. lead to 导致，引起，通向 【教材原句】The research on the monarch's behaviour has however led to a greater awareness of this creature.(教材P68) 然而，针对黑脉金斑蝶行为的研究，让人们对这种生物有了更深入的认识。 【拓展】 搭配： lead to failure 导致失败 lead to success 通向成功 lead to being caught 导致被抓 学法点拨：lead to 中 to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语 【写作佳句】Lack of sleep can lead to poor concentration and low efficiency in study.（睡眠不足会导致注意力不集中和学习效率低下。） 【经典练】 语法填空：His carelessness led to ____________ (make) a big mistake in the important project. 知识点9. feed on （动物）以…… 为食 【教材原句】 People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. (教材P68) 人们一直在携手合作，记录它的迁徙过程，并确保有足够的植物供它取食。 【拓展】 搭配： feed the sheep on grass（feed grass to the sheep） feed...up （用大量食物）把…… 养肥/养壮 be fed up with “对…… 感到厌烦、厌倦；受够了……” live on （人）以…… 为主食 【写作佳句】Pandas mainly feed on bamboo, so protecting bamboo forests is important for their survival.（熊猫主要以竹子为食，因此保护竹林对它们的生存至关重要。） 【经典练】 语法填空：In this area, most birds feed ______ insects and small seeds during the winter. 知识点10. survive v. 活下来，幸存 【教材原句】The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come. (教材P68) 我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多，它在未来很长一段时间内存活下来并在自然界中保有一席之地的几率就越大。 【拓展】 搭配： （1）survive the war/accident/flood/fire在战争/事故/洪水/火灾中幸免于难 survive sb. 比某人长寿 survive from... 从危险 / 困境中存活；从…… 沿袭下来 Eg.Only a few people survived from the terrible flood that hit the village last year.（去年袭击村庄的特大洪水过后，只有少数人存活了下来。） Some ancient customs have survived from the Tang Dynasty and are still celebrated today.（一些古老的习俗从唐朝留存至今，现在仍在流传。） survive sb. by…years 比某人多活…… 年 （2）词性转换： survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. 幸存 【写作佳句】Only a few people survived the plane crash, and the government sent rescue teams to help them.（这次空难中只有少数人幸存，政府已派出救援队帮助他们。） 【经典练】 语法填空：She survived her husband ______ 10 years and lived to be 95 years old. 知识点11. effect n. 影响，结果 【教材原句】Then use the sentences to complete the “cause-effect” flow charts.(教材P69) 然后用这些句子完成 “因果关系” 流程图。 其他词义：v. 使发生，引起（同义 bring about） 【拓展】 搭配： have an effect on 对…… 有影响 have no/some/little/much effect on... 对…… 没有/有些/几乎没有/有很大影响 with effect 有效地 without effect 无效地 take effect 生效 come into effect （法律等）生效 in effect 事实上 effective adj. 有效的 effectively adv. 有效地 【写作佳句】The new policy has had a positive effect on the development of small businesses.（这项新政策对小企业的发展产生了积极影响。） 【经典练】 语法填空：Stress has an effect ______ both your physical and mental health. 知识点12. found（founded, founded）v. 创立，建立 【教材原句】The oldest zoo in China is Beijing Zoo, which was founded in 1906.(教材P72) 中国最古老的动物园是北京动物园，它始建于 1906 年。 The red-crowned crane is found in China, Russia, Mongolia, Japan and the Korean Peninsula.(教材P78) 丹顶鹤分布在中国、俄罗斯、蒙古、日本以及朝鲜半岛。 【拓展】 搭配： be founded on 建立在…… 基础上;（建筑物）建立在…… 一言辨异：We find it difficult to found an organization. But recently we found that they had founded their trade union.（我们发现建立一个组织很难。但最近，我们发现他们成立了工会组织。） 【写作佳句】This university was founded in 1905 and has a history of more than 100 years.（这所大学创办于 1905 年，已有超过 100 年的历史。） 【经典练】 语法填空：The company ____________ (found) by his father in 1980, and it has become one of the biggest in the city. 知识点13. concentrate v. 专注，专心 【教材原句】While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched.(教材P75) 我正专注于拍摄这令人惊叹的场景时，突然有种被人注视着的感觉。 【拓展】 搭配： （1）（sth.）on（sth.）把注意力集中于，全神贯注于 近义词：focus focus...on... 把…… 集中于…… focus on 把注意力集中于…… （2）concentration n. 集中；专心 【写作佳句】Students should concentrate on their studies in class instead of looking at their mobile phones.（学生在课堂上应该专注于学习，而不是看手机。） 【经典练】 语法填空：It is hard for him to concentrate ______ his homework with the TV on. 知识点14. stare v. 凝视，盯着看 【教材原句】 With water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at me. (教材P76) 棕熊浓密的毛发上还滴着水，它回头凝视着我。 【拓展】 搭配： stare at sb. 盯着某人看；凝视某人 stare sb. in the face 盯着某人的脸看 stare sb. up and down 上下打量某人 相关链接： glare at 怒视 fix one's eyes on 盯着看 glance at 瞥一眼（粗略地看） 【写作佳句】It is impolite to stare at strangers in public places, as it may make them feel uncomfortable.（在公共场所盯着陌生人看是不礼貌的，因为这可能会让他们感到不舒服。） 【经典练】 语法填空：She stared ______ the old photo for a long time, thinking about her childhood. 知识点15. recover v. （从糟糕经历中）恢复，恢复（能力、知觉等） 【教材原句】When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera.(教材P76) 当我从震惊中缓过神来后，我看向了我的相机。 【拓展】 其他词义 （1）痊愈，恢复（健康等） （2）重新获得，找回 搭配： （1）recover from... 从…… 中恢复 recover oneself 静下心来 （2）recovery n. 恢复，痊愈；复得，找回 make a full recovery 完全康复 make a quick/slow recovery 恢复很快 / 缓慢 学法点拨：前缀 re - 表示 “重”“又”“再”，类似词：repeat（重复）、return（回来）、rebuild（重建）、review（复习）、rewrite（重写） 【写作佳句】With the help of her family and friends, she finally recovered from the sadness of losing her pet.（在家人和朋友的帮助下，她终于从失去宠物的悲伤中恢复过来。） 【经典练】 语法填空：He made a slow ______ (recover) from his illness and didn't go back to work until last week. 知识点16. shock n. 吃惊，震惊 【教材原句】When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera.(教材P76) 当我从震惊中缓过神来后，我看向了我的相机。 【拓展】 其他词义：令人震惊的事，休克 v. 使吃惊，使惊愕 搭配： （1）It shocks sb.to see/hear... 看到 / 听到…… 使某人震惊 be in a state of shock 惊魂未定 / 处于休克状态 a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是个极大的震惊（抽象名词具体化） （2）shocking adj. 令人震惊的 shocked adj. 惊愕的 be shocked at/by... 感到震惊 be shocked to see/find... 对做某事感到震惊 shocked look/expression 震惊的表情 【写作佳句】The news of his sudden death was a great shock to all his friends and relatives.（他突然去世的消息对他所有的亲友来说都是一个巨大的打击。） 【经典练】 语法填空：We were shocked ____________ (hear) that the famous actor had passed away at a young age. 知识点17. reaction n. （对某一情形或事件的）反应 【教材原句】What is your opinion of the photographer’s reaction when he saw the bear?(教材P77) 你认为摄影师看到熊时的反应如何？ 【拓展】 搭配： in reaction to 针对…… 的反应 react v. 回应；抗拒；发生反应 react to... 对…… 起反应 react against 反抗，反对 react on/upon 有影响，起作用 react with... 与…… 发生反应 reactive adj. 反应的；有反应的 【写作佳句】Her calm reaction to the emergency helped everyone stay quiet and safe.（她在紧急情况下的冷静反应帮助所有人保持安静和安全。） 【经典练】 语法填空：His reaction ______ the sudden bad news was to remain calm and think about solutions immediately. 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 先观察以下句子，分析加粗部分在从句中的作用： 1.This is the school where I studied three years ago.（这是我三年前就读的学校。） 2.I still remember the day when we first met.（我还记得我们第一次见面的那天。） 3.Could you explain the reason why you were late for class?（你能解释一下你上课迟到的原因吗？） 规律总结： 关系副词（where/when/why）引导限制性定语从句时，需在从句中充当 状语（where 表地点，when 表时间，why 表原因）； 先行词分别对应 “地点名词”“时间名词”“reason”，且从句本身 不缺主语或宾语（若缺主语 / 宾语，需用关系代词 which/that）。 【精讲·语法知识】 关系副词引导的定语从句 1. 三大关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词类型 在从句中作用 例句 where 地点名词（如 school, place, city 等） 地点状语 The park where we had a picnic last week is very beautiful.（上周我们野餐的公园很美。） when 时间名词（如 day, year, moment 等） 时间状语 I won't forget the hour when the team won the championship.（我不会忘记球队夺冠的那一刻。） why 仅 reason 一词 原因状语 No one knows the reason why he refused the invitation.（没人知道他拒绝邀请的原因。） 2. 关键易错点 1) 关系副词可转换为 “介词 + 关系代词”： where = in/at/on + which； when = in/at/on + which； why = for + which。 例：This is the room where I lived. = This is the room in which I lived.（这是我住过的房间。） 2) 若先行词是 “地点 / 时间名词”，但从句缺主语或宾语，需用 which/that，而非 where/when。 例：This is the factory that produces cars.（这是生产汽车的工厂。）（从句缺主语，用 that，不用 where） 3. 即学记练 请用 where/when/why 或 “介词 + which” 填空： 1) Do you know the date ____________ we will have the final exam? 2) The library ____________ we borrow books is closed on Sundays. 3) She didn't tell me the reason ____________ she changed her mind. 【经典练】　 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、用关系副词填空 1.This is the street ______ I met my old friend yesterday. 2.I remember the year ______ my family moved to this city. 3.Could you tell me the reason ______ you didn't attend the meeting? 4.The café ______ we often have breakfast is near our school. 5.The moment ______ the bell rang, all students rushed out of the classroom. 6.The village ______ my grandparents live has changed a lot. 7.He couldn't understand the reason ______ his parents were angry with him. 8.I will never forget the day ______ I passed the English exam. 9.The shop ______ she bought the dress is having a sale now. 10.Can you explain the reason ______ the plan was canceled? 11.The park ______ we flew kites last weekend is being renovated. 12.She told me the reason ______ she chose to study medicine. 二、单项选择 1.This is the place ______ I grew up. A. which B. where C. when D. why 2.I still remember the day ______ we went to the Great Wall. A. when B. which C. where D. why 3.No one knows the reason ______ he left without saying goodbye. A. when B. where C. why D. which 4.The factory ______ his father works is in the east of the city. A. that B. where C. when D. which 5.I won't forget the moment ______ I heard the good news. A. which B. why C. when D. where 6.The reason ______ she gave for being late is not true. A. why B. which C. where D. when 7.This is the park ______ we had a picnic last weekend. A. when B. which C. why D. where 8.This is the park ______ we visited last weekend. A. when B. which C. where D. why 9.Do you know the year ______ the People's Republic of China was founded? A. where B. when C. why D. which 10.The room ______ he lives is very small. A. where B. which C. that D. why 11.He told me the reason ______ he couldn't come to the party. A. which B. when C. why D. where 12.The day ______ we spent together was very happy. A. when B. why C. where D. which 13.The school ______ my brother studies is very famous. A. where B. which C. that D. when 14.The reason ______ he didn't pass the exam is that he didn't study hard. A. which B. why C. when D. where 3、 将下列句子改为含关系副词的定语从句 1.This is the school. I studied here three years ago. ______________________________________________________ 2.I still remember the day. We first met on that day. ______________________________________________________ 3.She gave me a reason. She was late for class for the reason. ______________________________________________________ 4.The hotel is very comfortable. We stayed in the hotel last summer. ______________________________________________________ 5.The office is on the third floor. My father works in the office. ______________________________________________________ 6.I know the date. Our school will hold the sports meeting on that date. ______________________________________________________ 7.The hospital is not far from here. My mother was treated in the hospital. ______________________________________________________ 8.I will never forget the hour. The team won the game in that hour. ______________________________________________________ 9.She didn't tell me the reason. She refused the offer for the reason. ______________________________________________________ 10.The bookstore has many new books. We often buy books in the bookstore. ______________________________________________________ 11.I remember the month. I started learning English in that month. ______________________________________________________ 12.The house is very old. My grandparents lived in the house for 30 years. ______________________________________________________ 13.He explained the reason. He made a mistake for the reason. ______________________________________________________ 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 Writing an animal fact file 1.结构清晰，对应要点：按照 “Animal（动物名称）→ Appearance（外形）→ Habitat（栖息地）→ Migration（迁徙）→ Diet（食性）→ Other information（其他信息，如生存现状、独特能力等）” 的顺序展开。 2.细节具体，避免笼统：描述外形时，可提及颜色、体型、特殊器官（如 “a long trunk”“sharp claws”）；介绍栖息地时，明确地理位置或环境类型（如 “tropical rainforests in South America”“cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean”），让内容更真实可感。 3.语法准确，贴合高一水平：优先使用定语从句（如 “which lives in...”“that feeds on...”）、一般现在时（描述客观事实），适当运用学过的短语（如 “feed on”“migrate to”“be located in”），避免复杂句式，确保表达流畅。 4.逻辑连贯，巧用连接词：在各部分之间用过渡词衔接，如介绍栖息地后用 “Due to its habitat, it has developed...” 引出外形或食性；讲完迁徙后用 “Besides migration,” 过渡到其他信息，让行文更自然。 【积累・写作素材】 1. 常用名词 Appearance Habitat Migration Diet Other information fur皮毛 feather羽毛 scale鳞片 trunk象鼻 horn角 rainforest热带雨林 desert沙漠 ocean海洋 grassland草原 Arctic北极 route路线 season季节 distance距离 group群体 destination目的地 herbivore草食动物 carnivore肉食动物 omnivore杂食动物 bamboo竹子 fish鱼类 endangered濒危的 lifespan寿命 social group社群 hibernation冬眠 2. 常用动词及短语 英文 中文 适用场景 be covered with 被…… 覆盖 描述外形（如 “covered with white fur”） live in / be located in 生活在 / 位于 介绍栖息地 migrate to... in... 在…… 季节迁徙到…… 说明迁徙习性（如 “migrate to warmer areas in winter”） feed on 以…… 为食 描述食性 be in danger of 面临…… 的危险 说明生存现状 三、常用句式 （一）开头常用语（介绍动物基本信息） 1. One of the most well-known animals in the world is the African elephant, which has unique living habits. 非洲象是世界上最知名的动物之一，它有着独特的生活习性。 2. When it comes to animals living in cold regions, the polar bear is definitely a representative. 提到生活在寒冷地区的动物，北极熊无疑是典型代表。 3. Let's learn about the monarch butterfly through the following fact file. 让我们通过下面的档案来了解黑脉金斑蝶。 （二）主体部分常用语（描述外形、栖息地、迁徙等） 外形描述 1. The giant panda has a round body covered with black and white fur, and its eyes are surrounded by black patches. 大熊猫体型圆润，覆盖着黑白相间的皮毛，眼睛周围有黑色的斑块。 2. With a long neck and long legs, the giraffe can reach leaves on tall trees easily. 长颈鹿有着长长的脖子和腿，能轻松够到高树上的叶子。 栖息地描述 1. The Arctic fox lives in the Arctic tundra, where the temperature is extremely low all year round. 北极狐生活在北极苔原，那里全年气温都极低。 2. The Amazon river dolphin is mainly located in the fresh waters of the Amazon River. 亚马逊河豚主要生活在亚马逊河的淡水区域。 迁徙 / 食性 / 其他信息描述 3. Every autumn, the monarch butterfly migrates thousands of kilometers to Mexico to avoid cold weather. 每年秋天，黑脉金斑蝶会迁徙数千公里到墨西哥，以躲避寒冷天气。 4. As a herbivore, the zebra feeds mainly on grass and sometimes eats leaves and bark. 斑马是草食动物，主要以草为食，有时也吃树叶和树皮。 5. The sea turtle is an endangered animal because its habitat is being destroyed by human activities. 海龟是濒危动物，因为它的栖息地正被人类活动破坏。 6. Unlike most bears, the polar bear does not hibernate in winter; it hunts seals on sea ice instead. 与大多数熊不同，北极熊冬季不冬眠，而是在海冰上捕猎海豹。 7. The African lion lives in social groups called “prides,” which usually include several females and one or two males. 非洲狮以名为 “狮群” 的社群生活，一个狮群通常包含几只雌性和一两只雄性。 8. The blue whale can hold its breath for up to 20 minutes when diving into the deep ocean to find food. 蓝鲸潜入深海觅食时，最多能屏住呼吸 20 分钟。 （三）结尾常用语（总结或补充） 1. In conclusion, the giant panda is not only a cute animal but also a symbol of wildlife protection. 总之，大熊猫不仅是一种可爱的动物，也是野生动物保护的象征。 2. To sum up, the migration of the monarch butterfly is an amazing natural phenomenon that deserves our attention. 总而言之，黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙是一种令人惊叹的自然现象，值得我们关注。 3. We should take action to protect the polar bear, as its survival is closely related to the health of the Arctic ecosystem. 我们应该采取行动保护北极熊，因为它的生存与北极生态系统的健康息息相关。 4. From this fact file, we can learn that every animal has its unique characteristics and plays an important role in nature. 从这份档案中，我们可以了解到每种动物都有其独特的特征，并且在自然界中扮演着重要角色。 5. Although the African elephant is large in size, it is gentle in nature, and we need to protect it from being hunted. 尽管非洲象体型庞大，但性情温和，我们需要保护它免受猎杀。 【示例・分步写作】 请根据要求用英语写一篇有关濒危动物——金丝猴（golden monkey）的短文。内容包括： 1.外貌：金黄色或灰色；尾巴和身体几乎一样长； 2.栖息地：主要在中国，生活在海拔约1500-3300米的森林中； 3.生活习性：群居，吃树叶、果子； 4.属于濒危物种，呼吁大家保护金丝猴。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 分步解析 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 说明文 人称 以第三人称为主 时态 主要时态应用一般现在时态 框架 第一段：特征习性； 第二段：生存状态； 第三段：呼吁行动。 1.确定文体与主题：本文为说明性短文，主题是 “濒危动物金丝猴”，需客观介绍其特征并发出保护呼吁。 2.梳理核心要点：按 “外形→栖息地→生活习性→濒危现状与保护呼吁” 的顺序组织内容。 3.确定语法与时态：以一般现在时（描述客观事实）为主，适当使用定语从句（如 “which lives in...”）和简单连接词（如 “Besides”“However”）。 第二步：要点翻译 1.金丝猴有着金色或灰色的皮毛。 Golden monkeys ____________________________. 2.它们主要生活在中国。 They _______________ in China. 3.它们生活在海拔约 1500 到 3300 米的森林里。 They live in the ___________________________ about 1,500 to 3,300 meters. 4.金丝猴过着群居生活。 The golden monkeys _________________________. 5.它们以树叶和水果为食。 They _________________ and fruits. 6.金丝猴是濒危物种。 Golden monkeys ________________________. 7.我们应该号召人们保护他们。 We should ____________________________ them. 第三步：词句升级 1.第1句：用 “be covered with” 替换 “have”，增加细节 “small and round faces” 让描述更生动。 Golden monkeys ______________________ golden or grey fur, and they ____________________________. 2.将第2和第3句合并成定语从句 They mainly live in China _________ the forests are at an altitude of about 1,500 to 3,300 meters. 3.将第4和第5句合并成定语从句 The golden monkeys _________________________________ in groups. 4.将第6和第7句合并成复合句 ____________golden monkeys are an endangered species, we should call on people to protect them. 第四步：连句成篇 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Into the wild 单词 1.charity n. 慈善机构，慈善团体 2.Atlantic adj. 大西洋的 3.whale n. 鲸 4.annual adj. 一年一度的，每年的 5.migration n. 迁徙 6.migrate v. 迁徙；移栖 7.seek v. 寻找；寻求 8.measure v. 测量；衡量 9.position n. 位置 10.determine v. 测定，确定 11.eventually adv. 最终；终于 12.solution n. 解决，解决办法 13.mystery n. 难以理解的事物，谜 14.amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的 15.crash v. 暴跌 16.percent n. 百分比 17.destroy v. 破坏，毁掉 18.survive v. 幸存；活下来 19.effect n. 影响，结果 20.authority n. 当权，权力 21.source n. 来源，出处 22.found v. 创立，创建 23.button n. 按钮 24.recover v. （从糟糕经历中）恢复 25.shock n. 吃惊，震惊 26.element n. 基本部分，要素 27.variety n. 多样化；变化 28.per prep. 每 29.path n. 小径，小道 30.concentrate v. 专注，专心 31.freeze v. 突然停止，呆住 32.stare v. 凝视；盯着看 33.capture v.（用文字或图片）记录，捕捉 34.image n. 图像；影像 35.reaction n. （对某一情形或事件的）反应 36.file n. 文件；档案 短语 1.成功到达manage to reach 2.…… 的解决方法a solution to 3.砍伐cut down 4.以…… 为食feed on 5.决定做某事determine to do sth. 6.对…… 产生影响have an effect on/upon 7.以…… 闻名be famous for 8.以…… 的速度at a speed of 9.对…… 表示尊重show respect to 10.毕竟after all 11.各种各样的……a variety of/varieties of 12.专心 (做) 某事concentrate on (doing) sth. 13.凝视；盯着看stare at 14.从…… 中恢复recover from... 熟词生义 1.determine v. 测定，确定 2.freeze v. 突然停止，呆住 句型 1.动词不定式作目的状语 They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or in search of warmer weather. 2.定语从句后嵌套第二层定语从句 They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat. 3.the + 比较级，the + 比较级 The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come. 4.that引导表语从句 Another reason to use idioms is that they are concise. 5.that引导同位语从句 While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. 6.强调句 It is after all we who are the visitors to their world. 语法 定语从句（2）关系副词 一、词汇清单 知识点1. seek（sought, sought）v. 寻找，寻求 【教材原句】They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or in search of warmer weather. (教材P66) 它们迁徙是为了寻找食物、寻觅配偶，或是寻求更温暖的气候。 【拓展】 搭配： seek（one's）advice 征求（某人的）意见 seek（one's）help 请求（某人的）帮助 seek to do sth. 设法做某事 谚语：Nothing seek，nothing find. 无所求则无所获。 【写作佳句】When facing difficult choices, teenagers should seek their parents' advice instead of making decisions alone.（面对困难的选择时，青少年应该征求父母的意见，而不是独自做决定。） 【经典练】 语法填空：She is seeking ______ (improve) her English by practicing speaking every day.（答案：to improve） 知识点2. measure v. 量，测量 【教材原句】It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun. (教材P67) 它用眼睛来测量太阳的位置。 【拓展】 其他词义 1) v.（长度、数量）量度为 2) n. 措施，方法（常用复数） 搭配： （1）measure…by 用…… 衡量 （2）make... to one's own measure 依照某人的尺寸做 take measures to do sth.（= take steps/action to do sth.）采取措施做某事 take the measure of sb.（= take one's measure）摸清某人的底细 【写作佳句】 Scientists use special instruments to measure the temperature of the deep sea.（科学家们使用特殊仪器测量深海的温度。） 【经典练】 语法填空：Teachers often measure students' progress ______ their test scores and class performance.（答案：by） 知识点3. position n. 位置 【教材原句】It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun. (教材P67) 它用眼睛来测量太阳的位置。 【拓展】 其他词义：方位，职位，工作，姿态，站位 搭配： in a...position 处于…… 的地位/处境 in position 就位 在适当的位置 out of position 在不适当的位置 a leading position 首要地位 a sitting/kneeling/lying position 坐/跪/卧姿 be in a position of power/strength 处于有权力/有实力的地位 【写作佳句】After years of hard work, she finally got a leading position in the company.（经过多年努力，她最终在公司获得了首要职位。） 【经典练】 语法填空：Before the meeting starts, please make sure all the chairs are ______ position.（答案：in） 知识点4. determine v. 测定，确定 【教材原句】These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky – allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. (教材P67) 这两条信息 —— 一天中的时间以及太阳在天空中的位置 —— 能让蝴蝶确定飞行的方向。 【拓展】 其他词义：决定，下决心 搭配： （1）determine to do sth. 决定 / 决心做某事 determine on（doing）sth. 决定（做）某事 determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事 （2）determined adj. 坚决的,有决心的 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事，be determined that... 决心…… （3）determination n. 决心,决定 with determination 坚决地 【写作佳句】The teacher will determine the students' final grades based on their test scores and class participation.（老师将根据学生们的考试成绩和课堂表现来确定他们的期末成绩。） 【经典练】 语法填空：Her encouragement determined him ______ (try) again after failing the exam.（答案：to try） 知识点5. solution n. 解决，解决方法 【教材原句】The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.(教材P68) 黑脉金斑蝶惊人能力之谜的破解，恰逢其陷入严重生存危机之时。 【拓展】 搭配： a solution to …… 的解决办法（to 是介词） provide/offer a solution 提供解决办法 suggest/put forward a solution 提出解决办法 look for a solution 寻找解决办法 【写作佳句】Experts have put forward a new solution to the problem of traffic jams in big cities.（专家们针对大城市的交通拥堵问题提出了新的解决办法。） 【经典练】 语法填空：We are still looking for a solution ______ the environmental problem caused by plastic waste.（答案：to） 知识点6. amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的 【教材原句】The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.(教材P68) 黑脉金斑蝶惊人能力之谜的破解，恰逢其陷入严重生存危机之时。 【拓展】 搭配： （1）an amazing achievement/discovery/success 惊人的成就/发现/成功 It is amazing that... 令人惊讶的是…… （2）amaze vt. 使惊奇→amazed adj. 感到惊奇的 be amazed at/by... 感到惊讶 be amazed to see/find... 惊讶地看到 / 发现…… （3）amazement n. 吃惊 in amazement 吃惊地 to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是 学法点拨： -ing 形容词常说明事物或人本身的特征（“令人感到……”） -ed 形容词常描述人的感觉（“感到……”），也可描述表情、声音等。 【写作佳句】It is amazing that the little boy can play the piano so well without any training.（令人惊讶的是，这个小男孩没经过任何训练就能弹钢琴弹得这么好。） 【经典练】 语法填空：We were ______ (amaze) at the ______ (amaze) story he told us yesterday.（答案：amazed; amazing） 知识点7. destroy v. 破坏，毁掉 【教材原句】In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. (教材P68) 在许多能发现这种蝴蝶的地方，人类正在破坏其自然生存环境。 【拓展】 搭配： （1）destroy one's confidence/hope/faith 摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰 （2）destruction n. 破坏，毁灭 词语辨析： destroy（彻底破坏，无法修复） damage（部分损坏，可修复） ruin（严重毁坏，侧重破坏内在价值） 【写作佳句】The terrible earthquake destroyed thousands of houses and made many people homeless.（这场可怕的地震摧毁了成千上万的房屋，使许多人无家可归。） 【经典练】 语法填空：The fire last night destroyed a lot of valuable paintings, causing great ______ (destroy) to the museum.（答案：destruction） 知识点8. lead to 导致，引起，通向 【教材原句】The research on the monarch's behaviour has however led to a greater awareness of this creature.(教材P68) 然而，针对黑脉金斑蝶行为的研究，让人们对这种生物有了更深入的认识。 【拓展】 搭配： lead to failure 导致失败 lead to success 通向成功 lead to being caught 导致被抓 学法点拨：lead to 中 to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语 【写作佳句】Lack of sleep can lead to poor concentration and low efficiency in study.（睡眠不足会导致注意力不集中和学习效率低下。） 【经典练】 语法填空：His carelessness led to ______ (make) a big mistake in the important project.（答案：making） 知识点9. feed on （动物）以…… 为食 【教材原句】 People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. (教材P68) 人们一直在携手合作，记录它的迁徙过程，并确保有足够的植物供它取食。 【拓展】 搭配： feed the sheep on grass（feed grass to the sheep） feed...up （用大量食物）把…… 养肥/养壮 be fed up with “对…… 感到厌烦、厌倦；受够了……” live on （人）以…… 为主食 【写作佳句】Pandas mainly feed on bamboo, so protecting bamboo forests is important for their survival.（熊猫主要以竹子为食，因此保护竹林对它们的生存至关重要。） 【经典练】 语法填空：In this area, most birds feed ______ insects and small seeds during the winter.（答案：on） 知识点10. survive v. 活下来，幸存 【教材原句】The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come. (教材P68) 我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多，它在未来很长一段时间内存活下来并在自然界中保有一席之地的几率就越大。 【拓展】 搭配： （1）survive the war/accident/flood/fire在战争/事故/洪水/火灾中幸免于难 survive sb. 比某人长寿 survive from... 从危险 / 困境中存活；从…… 沿袭下来 Eg.Only a few people survived from the terrible flood that hit the village last year.（去年袭击村庄的特大洪水过后，只有少数人存活了下来。） Some ancient customs have survived from the Tang Dynasty and are still celebrated today.（一些古老的习俗从唐朝留存至今，现在仍在流传。） survive sb. by…years 比某人多活…… 年 （2）词性转换： survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. 幸存 【写作佳句】Only a few people survived the plane crash, and the government sent rescue teams to help them.（这次空难中只有少数人幸存，政府已派出救援队帮助他们。） 【经典练】 语法填空：She survived her husband ______ 10 years and lived to be 95 years old.（答案：by） 知识点11. effect n. 影响，结果 【教材原句】Then use the sentences to complete the “cause-effect” flow charts.(教材P69) 然后用这些句子完成 “因果关系” 流程图。 其他词义：v. 使发生，引起（同义 bring about） 【拓展】 搭配： have an effect on 对…… 有影响 have no/some/little/much effect on... 对…… 没有/有些/几乎没有/有很大影响 with effect 有效地 without effect 无效地 take effect 生效 come into effect （法律等）生效 in effect 事实上 effective adj. 有效的 effectively adv. 有效地 【写作佳句】The new policy has had a positive effect on the development of small businesses.（这项新政策对小企业的发展产生了积极影响。） 【经典练】 语法填空：Stress has an effect ______ both your physical and mental health. （答案：on） 知识点12. found（founded, founded）v. 创立，建立 【教材原句】The oldest zoo in China is Beijing Zoo, which was founded in 1906.(教材P72) 中国最古老的动物园是北京动物园，它始建于 1906 年。 The red-crowned crane is found in China, Russia, Mongolia, Japan and the Korean Peninsula.(教材P78) 丹顶鹤分布在中国、俄罗斯、蒙古、日本以及朝鲜半岛。 【拓展】 搭配： be founded on 建立在…… 基础上;（建筑物）建立在…… 一言辨异：We find it difficult to found an organization. But recently we found that they had founded their trade union.（我们发现建立一个组织很难。但最近，我们发现他们成立了工会组织。） 【写作佳句】This university was founded in 1905 and has a history of more than 100 years.（这所大学创办于 1905 年，已有超过 100 年的历史。） 【经典练】 语法填空：The company ______ (found) by his father in 1980, and it has become one of the biggest in the city.（答案：was founded） 知识点13. concentrate v. 专注，专心 【教材原句】While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched.(教材P75) 我正专注于拍摄这令人惊叹的场景时，突然有种被人注视着的感觉。 【拓展】 搭配： （1）（sth.）on（sth.）把注意力集中于，全神贯注于 近义词：focus focus...on... 把…… 集中于…… focus on 把注意力集中于…… （2）concentration n. 集中；专心 【写作佳句】Students should concentrate on their studies in class instead of looking at their mobile phones.（学生在课堂上应该专注于学习，而不是看手机。） 【经典练】 语法填空：It is hard for him to concentrate ______ his homework with the TV on.（答案：on） 知识点14. stare v. 凝视，盯着看 【教材原句】 With water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at me. (教材P76) 棕熊浓密的毛发上还滴着水，它回头凝视着我。 【拓展】 搭配： stare at sb. 盯着某人看；凝视某人 stare sb. in the face 盯着某人的脸看 stare sb. up and down 上下打量某人 相关链接： glare at 怒视 fix one's eyes on 盯着看 glance at 瞥一眼（粗略地看） 【写作佳句】It is impolite to stare at strangers in public places, as it may make them feel uncomfortable.（在公共场所盯着陌生人看是不礼貌的，因为这可能会让他们感到不舒服。） 【经典练】 语法填空：She stared ______ the old photo for a long time, thinking about her childhood.（答案：at） 知识点15. recover v. （从糟糕经历中）恢复，恢复（能力、知觉等） 【教材原句】When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera.(教材P76) 当我从震惊中缓过神来后，我看向了我的相机。 【拓展】 其他词义 （1）痊愈，恢复（健康等） （2）重新获得，找回 搭配： （1）recover from... 从…… 中恢复 recover oneself 静下心来 （2）recovery n. 恢复，痊愈；复得，找回 make a full recovery 完全康复 make a quick/slow recovery 恢复很快 / 缓慢 学法点拨：前缀 re - 表示 “重”“又”“再”，类似词：repeat（重复）、return（回来）、rebuild（重建）、review（复习）、rewrite（重写） 【写作佳句】With the help of her family and friends, she finally recovered from the sadness of losing her pet.（在家人和朋友的帮助下，她终于从失去宠物的悲伤中恢复过来。） 【经典练】 语法填空：He made a slow ______ (recover) from his illness and didn't go back to work until last week.（答案：recovery） 知识点16. shock n. 吃惊，震惊 【教材原句】When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera.(教材P76) 当我从震惊中缓过神来后，我看向了我的相机。 【拓展】 其他词义：令人震惊的事，休克 v. 使吃惊，使惊愕 搭配： （1）It shocks sb.to see/hear... 看到 / 听到…… 使某人震惊 be in a state of shock 惊魂未定 / 处于休克状态 a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是个极大的震惊（抽象名词具体化） （2）shocking adj. 令人震惊的 shocked adj. 惊愕的 be shocked at/by... 感到震惊 be shocked to see/find... 对做某事感到震惊 shocked look/expression 震惊的表情 【写作佳句】The news of his sudden death was a great shock to all his friends and relatives.（他突然去世的消息对他所有的亲友来说都是一个巨大的打击。） 【经典练】 语法填空：We were shocked ______ (hear) that the famous actor had passed away at a young age.（答案：to hear） 知识点17. reaction n. （对某一情形或事件的）反应 【教材原句】What is your opinion of the photographer’s reaction when he saw the bear?(教材P77) 你认为摄影师看到熊时的反应如何？ 【拓展】 搭配： in reaction to 针对…… 的反应 react v. 回应；抗拒；发生反应 react to... 对…… 起反应 react against 反抗，反对 react on/upon 有影响，起作用 react with... 与…… 发生反应 reactive adj. 反应的；有反应的 【写作佳句】Her calm reaction to the emergency helped everyone stay quiet and safe.（她在紧急情况下的冷静反应帮助所有人保持安静和安全。） 【经典练】 语法填空：His reaction ______ the sudden bad news was to remain calm and think about solutions immediately. （答案：to） 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 先观察以下句子，分析加粗部分在从句中的作用： 1.This is the school where I studied three years ago.（这是我三年前就读的学校。） 2.I still remember the day when we first met.（我还记得我们第一次见面的那天。） 3.Could you explain the reason why you were late for class?（你能解释一下你上课迟到的原因吗？） 规律总结： 关系副词（where/when/why）引导限制性定语从句时，需在从句中充当 状语（where 表地点，when 表时间，why 表原因）； 先行词分别对应 “地点名词”“时间名词”“reason”，且从句本身 不缺主语或宾语（若缺主语 / 宾语，需用关系代词 which/that）。 【精讲·语法知识】 关系副词引导的定语从句 1. 三大关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词类型 在从句中作用 例句 where 地点名词（如 school, place, city 等） 地点状语 The park where we had a picnic last week is very beautiful.（上周我们野餐的公园很美。） when 时间名词（如 day, year, moment 等） 时间状语 I won't forget the hour when the team won the championship.（我不会忘记球队夺冠的那一刻。） why 仅 reason 一词 原因状语 No one knows the reason why he refused the invitation.（没人知道他拒绝邀请的原因。） 2. 关键易错点 1) 关系副词可转换为 “介词 + 关系代词”： where = in/at/on + which； when = in/at/on + which； why = for + which。 例：This is the room where I lived. = This is the room in which I lived.（这是我住过的房间。） 2) 若先行词是 “地点 / 时间名词”，但从句缺主语或宾语，需用 which/that，而非 where/when。 例：This is the factory that produces cars.（这是生产汽车的工厂。）（从句缺主语，用 that，不用 where） 3. 即学记练 请用 where/when/why 或 “介词 + which” 填空： 1) Do you know the date ______ we will have the final exam?（答案：when /on which） 2) The library ______ we borrow books is closed on Sundays.（答案：where /from which） 3) She didn't tell me the reason ______ she changed her mind.（答案：why /for which） 【经典练】　 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、用关系副词填空 1.This is the street where I met my old friend yesterday. 2.I remember the year when my family moved to this city. 3.Could you tell me the reason why you didn't attend the meeting? 4.The café where we often have breakfast is near our school. 5.The moment when the bell rang, all students rushed out of the classroom. 6.The village where my grandparents live has changed a lot. 7.He couldn't understand the reason why his parents were angry with him. 8.I will never forget the day when I passed the English exam. 9.The shop where she bought the dress is having a sale now. 10.Can you explain the reason why the plan was canceled? 11.The park where we flew kites last weekend is being renovated. 12.She told me the reason why she chose to study medicine. 1. 2. when 3. why 4. where 5. when 6. where 7. why 8. when 9. where 10. why 11. where 12. why 二、单项选择 B1.This is the place ______ I grew up. A. which B. where C. when D. why A2.I still remember the day ______ we went to the Great Wall. A. when B. which C. where D. why C3.No one knows the reason ______ he left without saying goodbye. A. when B. where C. why D. which B4.The factory ______ his father works is in the east of the city. A. that B. where C. when D. which C5.I won't forget the moment ______ I heard the good news. A. which B. why C. when D. where B6.The reason ______ she gave for being late is not true. A. why B. which C. where D. when D7.This is the park ______ we had a picnic last weekend. A. when B. which C. why D. where B8.This is the park ______ we visited last weekend. A. when B. which C. where D. why B9.Do you know the year ______ the People's Republic of China was founded? A. where B. when C. why D. which A10.The room ______ he lives is very small. A. where B. which C. that D. why C11.He told me the reason ______ he couldn't come to the party. A. which B. when C. why D. where D12.The day ______ we spent together was very happy. A. when B. why C. where D. which A13.The school ______ my brother studies is very famous. A. where B. which C. that D. when B14.The reason ______ he didn't pass the exam is that he didn't study hard. A. which B. why C. when D. where 3、 将下列句子改为含关系副词的定语从句 1.This is the school. I studied here three years ago. This is the school where I studied three years ago. 2.I still remember the day. We first met on that day. I still remember the day when we first met. 3.She gave me a reason. She was late for class for the reason. She gave me the reason why she was late for class. 4.The hotel is very comfortable. We stayed in the hotel last summer. The hotel where we stayed last summer is very comfortable. 5.The office is on the third floor. My father works in the office. The office where my father works is on the third floor. 6.I know the date. Our school will hold the sports meeting on that date. I know the date when our school will hold the sports meeting. 7.The hospital is not far from here. My mother was treated in the hospital. The hospital where my mother was treated is not far from here. 8.I will never forget the hour. The team won the game in that hour. I will never forget the hour when the team won the game. 9.She didn't tell me the reason. She refused the offer for the reason. She didn't tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 10.The bookstore has many new books. We often buy books in the bookstore. The bookstore where we often buy books has many new books. 11.I remember the month. I started learning English in that month. I remember the month when I started learning English. 12.The house is very old. My grandparents lived in the house for 30 years. The house where my grandparents lived for 30 years is very old. 13.He explained the reason. He made a mistake for the reason. He explained the reason why he made a mistake. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 Writing an animal fact file 1.结构清晰，对应要点：按照 “Animal（动物名称）→ Appearance（外形）→ Habitat（栖息地）→ Migration（迁徙）→ Diet（食性）→ Other information（其他信息，如生存现状、独特能力等）” 的顺序展开。 2.细节具体，避免笼统：描述外形时，可提及颜色、体型、特殊器官（如 “a long trunk”“sharp claws”）；介绍栖息地时，明确地理位置或环境类型（如 “tropical rainforests in South America”“cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean”），让内容更真实可感。 3.语法准确，贴合高一水平：优先使用定语从句（如 “which lives in...”“that feeds on...”）、一般现在时（描述客观事实），适当运用学过的短语（如 “feed on”“migrate to”“be located in”），避免复杂句式，确保表达流畅。 4.逻辑连贯，巧用连接词：在各部分之间用过渡词衔接，如介绍栖息地后用 “Due to its habitat, it has developed...” 引出外形或食性；讲完迁徙后用 “Besides migration,” 过渡到其他信息，让行文更自然。 【积累・写作素材】 1. 常用名词 Appearance Habitat Migration Diet Other information fur皮毛 feather羽毛 scale鳞片 trunk象鼻 horn角 rainforest热带雨林 desert沙漠 ocean海洋 grassland草原 Arctic北极 route路线 season季节 distance距离 group群体 destination目的地 herbivore草食动物 carnivore肉食动物 omnivore杂食动物 bamboo竹子 fish鱼类 endangered濒危的 lifespan寿命 social group社群 hibernation冬眠 2. 常用动词及短语 英文 中文 适用场景 be covered with 被…… 覆盖 描述外形（如 “covered with white fur”） live in / be located in 生活在 / 位于 介绍栖息地 migrate to... in... 在…… 季节迁徙到…… 说明迁徙习性（如 “migrate to warmer areas in winter”） feed on 以…… 为食 描述食性 be in danger of 面临…… 的危险 说明生存现状 三、常用句式 （一）开头常用语（介绍动物基本信息） 1. One of the most well-known animals in the world is the African elephant, which has unique living habits. 非洲象是世界上最知名的动物之一，它有着独特的生活习性。 2. When it comes to animals living in cold regions, the polar bear is definitely a representative. 提到生活在寒冷地区的动物，北极熊无疑是典型代表。 3. Let's learn about the monarch butterfly through the following fact file. 让我们通过下面的档案来了解黑脉金斑蝶。 （二）主体部分常用语（描述外形、栖息地、迁徙等） 外形描述 1. The giant panda has a round body covered with black and white fur, and its eyes are surrounded by black patches. 大熊猫体型圆润，覆盖着黑白相间的皮毛，眼睛周围有黑色的斑块。 2. With a long neck and long legs, the giraffe can reach leaves on tall trees easily. 长颈鹿有着长长的脖子和腿，能轻松够到高树上的叶子。 栖息地描述 1. The Arctic fox lives in the Arctic tundra, where the temperature is extremely low all year round. 北极狐生活在北极苔原，那里全年气温都极低。 2. The Amazon river dolphin is mainly located in the fresh waters of the Amazon River. 亚马逊河豚主要生活在亚马逊河的淡水区域。 迁徙 / 食性 / 其他信息描述 3. Every autumn, the monarch butterfly migrates thousands of kilometers to Mexico to avoid cold weather. 每年秋天，黑脉金斑蝶会迁徙数千公里到墨西哥，以躲避寒冷天气。 4. As a herbivore, the zebra feeds mainly on grass and sometimes eats leaves and bark. 斑马是草食动物，主要以草为食，有时也吃树叶和树皮。 5. The sea turtle is an endangered animal because its habitat is being destroyed by human activities. 海龟是濒危动物，因为它的栖息地正被人类活动破坏。 6. Unlike most bears, the polar bear does not hibernate in winter; it hunts seals on sea ice instead. 与大多数熊不同，北极熊冬季不冬眠，而是在海冰上捕猎海豹。 7. The African lion lives in social groups called “prides,” which usually include several females and one or two males. 非洲狮以名为 “狮群” 的社群生活，一个狮群通常包含几只雌性和一两只雄性。 8. The blue whale can hold its breath for up to 20 minutes when diving into the deep ocean to find food. 蓝鲸潜入深海觅食时，最多能屏住呼吸 20 分钟。 （三）结尾常用语（总结或补充） 1. In conclusion, the giant panda is not only a cute animal but also a symbol of wildlife protection. 总之，大熊猫不仅是一种可爱的动物，也是野生动物保护的象征。 2. To sum up, the migration of the monarch butterfly is an amazing natural phenomenon that deserves our attention. 总而言之，黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙是一种令人惊叹的自然现象，值得我们关注。 3. We should take action to protect the polar bear, as its survival is closely related to the health of the Arctic ecosystem. 我们应该采取行动保护北极熊，因为它的生存与北极生态系统的健康息息相关。 4. From this fact file, we can learn that every animal has its unique characteristics and plays an important role in nature. 从这份档案中，我们可以了解到每种动物都有其独特的特征，并且在自然界中扮演着重要角色。 5. Although the African elephant is large in size, it is gentle in nature, and we need to protect it from being hunted. 尽管非洲象体型庞大，但性情温和，我们需要保护它免受猎杀。 【示例・分步写作】 请根据要求用英语写一篇有关濒危动物——金丝猴（golden monkey）的短文。内容包括： 1.外貌：金黄色或灰色；尾巴和身体几乎一样长； 2.栖息地：主要在中国，生活在海拔约1500-3300米的森林中； 3.生活习性：群居，吃树叶、果子； 4.属于濒危物种，呼吁大家保护金丝猴。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 分步解析 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 说明文 人称 以第三人称为主 时态 主要时态应用一般现在时态 框架 第一段：特征习性； 第二段：生存状态； 第三段：呼吁行动。 1.确定文体与主题：本文为说明性短文，主题是 “濒危动物金丝猴”，需客观介绍其特征并发出保护呼吁。 2.梳理核心要点：按 “外形→栖息地→生活习性→濒危现状与保护呼吁” 的顺序组织内容。 3.确定语法与时态：以一般现在时（描述客观事实）为主，适当使用定语从句（如 “which lives in...”）和简单连接词（如 “Besides”“However”）。 第二步：要点翻译 1.金丝猴有着金色或灰色的皮毛。 Golden monkeys have golden or grey fur. 2.它们主要生活在中国。 They mainly live in China. 3.它们生活在海拔约 1500 到 3300 米的森林里。 They live in the forests at an altitude of about 1,500 to 3,300 meters. 4.金丝猴过着群居生活。 The golden monkeys live in groups. 5.它们以树叶和水果为食。 They feed on leaves and fruits. 6.金丝猴是濒危物种。 Golden monkeys are endangered species. 7.我们应该号召人们保护他们。 We should call on people to protect them. 第三步：词句升级 1.第1句：用 “be covered with” 替换 “have”，增加细节 “small and round faces” 让描述更生动。 Golden monkeys are covered with golden or grey fur, and they have small and round faces. 2.将第2和第3句合并成定语从句 They mainly live in China where the forests are at an altitude of about 1,500 to 3,300 meters. 3.将第4和第5句合并成定语从句 The golden monkeys that/which feed on leaves and fruits live in groups. 4.将第6和第7句合并成复合句 Since/Because golden monkeys are an endangered species, we should call on people to protect them. 第四步：连句成篇 The golden monkey is a kind of lovely animal. Golden monkeys are covered with golden or grey fur, and they have small and round faces. Their tails are almost as long as their bodies. They mainly live in China where the forests are at an altitude of about 1,500 to 3,300 meters.The golden monkeys that/which feed on leaves and fruits live in groups. Now the number of golden monkeys is decreasing. Our government has built some nature reserves to protect them. We hope people can stop hunting golden monkeys and that more and more people can realize the importance of protecting them.Since/Because golden monkeys are an endangered species, we should call on people to protect them. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$