Unit 3 Curious minds（单元测试·基础卷）英语沪教版五四学制2024八年级上册

………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2025-2026学年八年级上册英语单元测试 Unit 3·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一、语法选择（每小题1.5分,满分15分） Do you like pears? Do you know the story of a little boy and pears? In the Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉), there is 1 boy called Kong Rong. He is 2 years old and he has some 3 . One day, his father buys some pears 4 the family. Then he puts 5 on the table and says, “Come and eat pears, boys!” Kong Rong likes eating pears very much, but he takes a really small pear. His brothers feel very curious (好奇) so his big brother 6 , “Why do you take such a small pear?” Kong Rong answers. “Because you are my big brother, I should let you 7 the big pear.” The little brother says. “But you are older than me! Why don’t you leave me the small pear?” “I’m your big brother, 8 I should take good care of (照顾) you.” Then the boys eat the pears and say, “The pears are very 9 !” The father 10 very happy and says, “Boys, you have a really good brother!” 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．four B．fourth C．the fourth 3．A．brother B．brothers C．brother’s 4．A．to B．of C．for 5．A．they B．them C．their 6．A．ask B．asks C．asking 7．A．eat B．eating C．to eat 8．A．but B．so C．because 9．A．good B．well C．best 10．A．am B．is C．are 二、选词填空（每小题2分,满分10分） A．surprise  B．includes  C． suppose  D．local  E. exploring  F. lights Bonjour! I’m Sophie from Sunshine Travel, and I'd love to take you on an amazing adventure to France! France is a magical place full of art, delicious food, and breathtaking sights. Let me tell you all about it! First, imagine standing under the Eiffel Tower in Paris—it’s even more beautiful at night when it 11 up! In Paris, you’ll visit the Louvre Museum to-see the famous Mona Lisa and take a relaxing boat ride along the Seine River. After three days of 12 the city and shopping, we’ll take a train to Southern France. There, you’ll walk through endless fields and visit villages. It’s a place where you can take photos that look like paintings! Next, you’ll spend two days swimming in the Mediterranean Sea and eating ice cream by the beach. If you love castles, don’t worry—on the way, we can stop at the Loire Valley to visit grand castles like Château de Chambord. This wonderful 7-day trip costs €1,500 per person. The price 13 your hotels, breakfast every morning, train tickets between cities, and a friendly guide who will share fun stories and 14 secrets. At Sunshine Travel, we make everything easy and fun. Ready for an unforgettable trip? France is waiting to 15 you with its beauty, flavors, and warmth. Contact Sunshine Travel today! 三、单词拼写（每小题1分,满分8分） 16．My father advised me (finish) my homework first. 17．It’s important for us (develop) the ability to ask questions. 18．The students were (excite) to hear about Newton’s story. 19．Reading books can help (deep) our knowledge about the world. 20．The magic trick was so (surprise) that everyone laughed. 21．The researcher did a lot of (research) on the power of curiosity. 22．We need to keep a (curiosity) mind to learn new things. 23．The story about Archimedes is very (interest) and inspiring. 四、完成句子（每小题2分,满分10分） 24．孩子们喜欢探索森林。   Children love to the forest. 25．I bought 100 grams of sugar from the supermarket. (对划线部分提问) sugar did you buy from the supermarket? 26．He wrote a report after they concluded the meeting. (保持句意不变) He write a report they concluded the meeting. 27．There are a few swimmers in the pool. (补全反意疑问句) There are a few swimmers in the pool, ? 28．has / transport / over / years / developed / past / the / quickly / many 五、阅读理解（每小题2分,满分10分） ①Imagine (想象) you are in a field at night, and suddenly, you see lots of little lights around you. You have just found a group of fireflies (萤火虫), and their twinkling (闪烁的) lights are like a secret language. This nighttime light show, especially in the forest, has interested people for a long time. Let’s explore (探索) the secret of fireflies. ②Do you know how fireflies make their tails shine? The special power of fireflies to make light is called bioluminescence (生物发光), a special ability to create their own light through a chemical reaction (化学反应). It happens when two chemicals in their bodies join together and produce light. ③However, why do fireflies need to produce light in the dark? Now, imagine you are a firefly looking for someone special in the dark. How would you find Mr. or Ms. Right? Fireflies use their lights to send “hello” messages to each other. Each kind of firefly has its own special way to shine. They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better so that they can have baby fireflies. ④But fireflies do not just use their lights for conversations. They also use them to stay safe. Imagine you are an adult firefly in the dark, and a big spider is trying to catch you. What do you do? You turn on your light to make a sign that tells the spider “I taste disgusting. You won’t like me. So don’t eat me.” ⑤Besides, some scientists say fireflies may also use their lights to hunt. Imagine you’re a hungry firefly waiting in the dark. You flash lights to trick other insects into coming closer. When the curious prey (猎物) gets near—suddenly! —You catch a quick snack. It’s like using a glowing “free food” sign to attract dinner! ⑥This story of fireflies tells us how amazing and wonderful the natural world is. Exploring the world of fireflies helps us see how important it is to take care of nature and all its amazing organisms (生物), no matter how small they are. 29．How do fireflies make their tails shine? A．By collecting sunlight in the day. B．By collecting little lights around them. C．Through a chemical reaction inside them. D．With the help of other insects. 30．Why do fireflies need to make light in the dark according to the passage? a. To help stay safe.                        b. To see their way clearly at night. c. To make the night more beautiful.        d. To talk to each other as a language. e. To hunt for other insects. A．a, d, e B．a, c, d C．b, c, e D．a, b, c 31．What does the underlined word “disgusting” mean in the passage? A．Hot. B．Sweet. C．Awful. D．Delicious. 32．Why does the writer use “Imagine you are...” in Paragraph 1, 3, 4&5? A．To give readers suggestions on how to get to know fireflies more. B．To make the passage more scientific and make people believe it. C．To express disagreement with people for not protecting fireflies well. D．To make the passage more interesting and catch readers’ attention. 33．From the last paragraph, we can guess that the writer may love ______. A．imagination B．nature C．to help others D．to tell stories 六、完形填空（每小题2分,满分12分） When is bedtime? If you don’t have a phone or a watch, don’t worry. Every living thing has a built-in clock that 34 the sun. For a long time, people thought daylight tells animals when to rise or rest. When it’s light, rise. When it’s dark, rest. But in 1729, a French scientist tested this with a mimosa (含羞草) plant. The plant’s leaves folded (折叠) up at night, but when he put it in a dark cupboard, the leaves still folded and unfolded 35 . He realized that living things have a tiny clock inside them that measures day and night. This clock is called the daily cycle. Daily cycles tell our bodies when to sleep, eat, and grow. They 36 help animals know when to move or rest for the season. These clocks help living things stay in line with the sun’s light. Every cell in our body has its own tiny clock, but the brain has a main controller that keeps them working together. Like the mimosa plant, our clock counts time in 37 , but it also reacts to light. Humans have a special light sensor (传感器) at the back of the eye. These cells help signal when it’s bright or getting dark. The master clock then sends “ 38 ” or “sleep” signals to all your cells. This sensor helps reset our body’s clock. That’s why when you travel to different places, you feel 39 at the wrong times. Your body’s clock gets out of line with the local time, but soon, sunlight and darkness help reset it. So, don’t worry about missing your watch—your inner clock runs on sun time. 34．A．follows B．attracts C．shuts D．changes 35．A．in a hurry B．at once C．by chance D．as usual 36．A．only B．even C．rarely D．simply 37．A．silence B．coldness C．darkness D．blindness 38．A．wake up B．stay up C．get up D．speak up 39．A．surprised B．bored C．tired D．excited 七、任务型阅读（每小题2分,满分10分） John Wesley Powell Every time I go whitewater rafting, I think of an explorer named John Wesley Powell who was an amazing figure in the American West. Powell was fearless and thought nothing of hopping in a boat and rowing down an unknown river. Along the way, he studied geology, plants, and wildlife, teaching himself much about the natural world. In 1860, Powell joined the army in the Civil War. He was injured and lost his right arm. When the wound was cured, he went back into battle! In 1865, he retired as a major (上校). Powell took a teaching position as professor of geology even though he had never gone to college himself. During this time, he began to develop a daring plan. He wanted to explore the Grand Canyon by rafting the Colorado River. No one had done such a thing before. In May of 1869, Powell set out with ten men on the Green River in Wyoming for a ten-month trip. Everyone who saw them leave thought they would be done for. No wonder! They were facing the unknown with every bend of the river. No one knew what rapids (急流) lay ahead or how dangerous they’d be. But Powell refused to give up. He had courage and carefulness. He did what he set out to do. He got a river’s-eye view of one of the most unbelievable natural formations (构造) on Earth. And he lived to tell the tale. 40．Powell was afraid of hopping in a boat and rowing down a river, wasn’t he? 41．What happened to Powell’s right arm when he was in the army? 42．How many people set out on the Green River in Wyoming for a ten-month trip? 43．Why did everyone who saw them leave think they would be done for? 44．What do you think of Powell? Please tell your reason(s). 八、翻译（每小题3分,满分9分） 45．尽管遇到很多困难，牛顿从未停止探索，最终因为对苹果落地的好奇发现了重力。(汉译英) 46．好奇心帮助大脑更好地吸收新信息，这就是为什么好奇的人记得更牢。 （汉译英） 47．我必须努力工作养家。(support) 九、书面表达（满分16分） 48．话题：A Curious Moment I Remember   要求：不少于60个单词，描述一次因好奇心引发的经历，说明好奇心带来的影响。   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共6页） 试题 第4页（共6页） 试题 第1页（共6页） 试题 第2页（共6页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年八年级上册英语单元测试 Unit 3·基础卷（参考答案） 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 A A B C B B A B A B 题号 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 答案 C A C D B A D B C A 题号 39 答案 C 一、语法选择（每小题1.5分,满分15分） 1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B 二、选词填空（每小题2分,满分10分） 11．F 12．E 13．B 14．D 15．A 三、单词拼写（每小题1分,满分8分） 16．to finish 17．to develop 18．excited 19．deepen 20．surprising 21．research 22．curious 23．interesting 四、完成句子（每小题2分,满分10分） 24．explore 25．How much 26． didn’t until 27．aren’t there 28．Transport has developed quickly over the past many years. 五、阅读理解（每小题2分,满分10分） 29．C 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．B 六、完形填空（每小题2分,满分12分） 34．A 35．D 36．B 37．C 38．A 39．C 七、任务型阅读（每小题2分,满分10分） 40．No, he wasn’t. 41．He was injured and lost his right arm. 42．11. 43．Because they thought the team would face the unknown with every bend of the river. 44．Powell was a courageous and determined explorer because he faced unknown dangers and challenges without giving up. 八、翻译（每小题3分,满分9分） 45．Despite meeting many difficulties, Newton never stopped exploring and finally discovered gravity because of his curiosity about falling apples. 46．Curiosity helps the brain take in new information better, which is why curious people remember things more clearly. 47．I have to work hard to support my family. 九、书面表达（满分16分） 48．例文 Last summer, curiosity made me do something interesting. One day, I saw a strange plant in my grandma’s garden. Its leaves were purple. I was really curious about what it was. So, I gently dug around it a little. Oh, its roots looked like small carrots! Then I ran to ask grandma. She smiled and said it was a special herb. This curiosity let me learn new knowledge about plants. Now, I often look at flowers and grass carefully, hoping to find more “secrets”. It makes me love exploring the world more. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年八年级上册英语单元测试 Unit 3·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一、语法选择（每小题1.5分,满分15分） Do you like pears? Do you know the story of a little boy and pears? In the Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉), there is 1 boy called Kong Rong. He is 2 years old and he has some 3 . One day, his father buys some pears 4 the family. Then he puts 5 on the table and says, “Come and eat pears, boys!” Kong Rong likes eating pears very much, but he takes a really small pear. His brothers feel very curious (好奇) so his big brother 6 , “Why do you take such a small pear?” Kong Rong answers. “Because you are my big brother, I should let you 7 the big pear.” The little brother says. “But you are older than me! Why don’t you leave me the small pear?” “I’m your big brother, 8 I should take good care of (照顾) you.” Then the boys eat the pears and say, “The pears are very 9 !” The father 10 very happy and says, “Boys, you have a really good brother!” 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．four B．fourth C．the fourth 3．A．brother B．brothers C．brother’s 4．A．to B．of C．for 5．A．they B．them C．their 6．A．ask B．asks C．asking 7．A．eat B．eating C．to eat 8．A．but B．so C．because 9．A．good B．well C．best 10．A．am B．is C．are 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了东汉孔融让梨的故事。 1．句意：在东汉，有一个叫孔融的男孩。 a/an表示“一个”，是不定冠词，a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前；the是定冠词，表特指。此处表示“一个”男孩，boy为辅音音素开头，用a。故选A。 2．句意：他四岁了，他有一些兄弟。 four是基数词“四”；fourth是序数词“第四”；the fourth是“第四”，序数词前加the。此处表示年龄“四岁”，用基数词four。故选A。 3．句意：他四岁了，他有一些兄弟。 brother是单数“兄弟”；brothers是复数“兄弟”；brother’s是名词所有格“兄弟的”。some后接可数名词复数，此处表示“一些兄弟”，用brothers。故选B。 4．句意：一天，他的父亲为家人买了一些梨。 to到；of……的；for为了。buy sth. for sb. 是固定搭配，意为“为某人买某物”，此处表示父亲为家人买梨，用for。故选C。 5．句意：然后他把它们放在桌子上说：“来吃梨吧，孩子们！” they主格“它们”；them宾格“它们”；their形容词性物主代词“它们的”。put是动词，后接宾格代词作宾语，指代前面的“pears”，用them。故选B。 6．句意：他的哥哥感到非常好奇，所以他的大哥问：“你为什么拿这么小的一个梨？” ask是动词原形“问”；asks是第三人称单数形式；asking是现在分词。主语“his big brother”是第三人称单数，句子时态是一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式asks。故选B。 7．句意：因为你是我的哥哥，我应该让你吃大的梨。 eat是动词原形“吃”；eating是现在分词；to eat是动词不定式。let sb. do sth. 是固定用法，意为“让某人做某事”，此处用动词原形eat。故选A。 8．句意：我是你的哥哥，所以我应该好好照顾你。 but但是，表转折；so所以，表因果；because因为，表原因。“我是你的哥哥”和“我应该好好照顾你”是因果关系，前因后果，用so。故选B。 9．句意：然后男孩们吃了梨并说：“梨非常好吃！” good是形容词“好的”；well作形容词时表示“身体好的”，作副词时表示“很好地”；best是最高级“最好的”。此处表示“梨好吃”，应用形容词good作表语。故选A。 10．句意：父亲非常开心并说：“孩子们，你们有一个非常好的兄弟！” am用于主语是I时；is用于主语是第三人称单数时；are用于主语是复数或第二人称时。主语“The father”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选B。 二、选词填空（每小题2分,满分10分） A．surprise  B．includes  C． suppose  D．local  E. exploring  F. lights Bonjour! I’m Sophie from Sunshine Travel, and I'd love to take you on an amazing adventure to France! France is a magical place full of art, delicious food, and breathtaking sights. Let me tell you all about it! First, imagine standing under the Eiffel Tower in Paris—it’s even more beautiful at night when it 11 up! In Paris, you’ll visit the Louvre Museum to-see the famous Mona Lisa and take a relaxing boat ride along the Seine River. After three days of 12 the city and shopping, we’ll take a train to Southern France. There, you’ll walk through endless fields and visit villages. It’s a place where you can take photos that look like paintings! Next, you’ll spend two days swimming in the Mediterranean Sea and eating ice cream by the beach. If you love castles, don’t worry—on the way, we can stop at the Loire Valley to visit grand castles like Château de Chambord. This wonderful 7-day trip costs €1,500 per person. The price 13 your hotels, breakfast every morning, train tickets between cities, and a friendly guide who will share fun stories and 14 secrets. At Sunshine Travel, we make everything easy and fun. Ready for an unforgettable trip? France is waiting to 15 you with its beauty, flavors, and warmth. Contact Sunshine Travel today! 【答案】11．F 12．E 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了法国是一个充满艺术、美味食物和令人惊叹的景点的神奇地方。 11．句意：首先，想象一下站在巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔下——当它亮起时，夜晚会更加美丽！根据“it’s even more beautiful at night when it…up!”结合选项，可知此处是说它在晚上亮起来时更美，F项“lights(亮)”符合题意。故选F。 12．句意：在探索城市和购物三天后，我们将乘火车前往法国南部。根据“After three days of…the city and shopping,”结合选项，可知此处是说经过三天的探索这个城市和购物，E项“exploring(探索)”符合题意。故选E。 13．句意：价格包括您的酒店、每天早上的早餐、城市之间的火车票，以及一位友好的导游，他将分享有趣的故事和当地的秘密。根据“your hotels, breakfast every morning, train tickets between cities,”结合选项，可知此处是说价格包括您的酒店、每天早上的早餐、城市之间的火车票，B项“includes(包括)”符合题意。故选B。 14．句意：价格包括您的酒店、每天早上的早餐、城市之间的火车票，以及一位友好的导游，他将分享有趣的故事和当地的秘密。根据“and a friendly guide who will share fun stories and…secrets.”结合选项可知，此处是说当地的秘密，D项“local(当地的)”符合题意。故选D。 15．句意：法国正等着用它的美丽、风味和温暖给你惊喜。根据“you with its beauty, flavors, and warmth.”可知，此处是说法国正等着用它的美丽、风味和温暖给你惊喜，A项“surprise（使）吃惊”符合题意。故选A。 三、单词拼写（每小题1分,满分8分） 16．My father advised me (finish) my homework first. 【答案】to finish 【详解】句意：我爸爸建议我先完成我的家庭作业。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，固定搭配，此处要用finish的不定式形式to finish。故填to finish。 17．It’s important for us (develop) the ability to ask questions. 【答案】to develop 【详解】句意：培养问问题的能力对我们很重要。develop培养，动词；It’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样，固定句型，因此此处填动词develop的不定式to develop。故填to develop。 18．The students were (excite) to hear about Newton’s story. 【答案】excited 【详解】句意：学生们听到牛顿的故事感到兴奋。根据“The students were...to hear about Newton’s story.”可知，空处需填一个形容词作表语。excite的形容词形式为excited“感到兴奋的”，修饰人；或exciting“令人兴奋的”，修饰物，此处主语是人，用excited。故填excited。 19．Reading books can help (deep) our knowledge about the world. 【答案】deepen 【详解】句意：读书能帮助加深我们对世界的了解。“deep”是形容词，意为“深的”，此处需要用其动词形式“deepen”，表示“加深”。“help do sth.”是固定用法，意为“帮助做某事”，所以此处用动词原形。故填deepen。 20．The magic trick was so (surprise) that everyone laughed. 【答案】surprising 【详解】句意：这个魔术太令人惊讶了，以至于每个人都笑了。“surprise”是动词或名词，意为“使惊讶；惊讶”，此处需要用其形容词形式。“surprising”意为“令人惊讶的”，用于修饰事物，这里修饰“the magic trick”，符合语境。故填surprising。 21．The researcher did a lot of (research) on the power of curiosity. 【答案】research 【详解】句意：研究者对好奇心的力量进行了大量研究。a lot of后跟名词复数或不可数名词，此处research是不可数名词，填原形。故填research。 22．We need to keep a (curiosity) mind to learn new things. 【答案】curious 【详解】句意：我们需要保持一颗好奇的心来学习新事物。空格需填入形容词修饰名词mind，curiosity的形容词形式为curious。故填curious。 23．The story about Archimedes is very (interest) and inspiring. 【答案】interesting 【详解】句意：关于阿基米德的故事非常有趣且鼓舞人心。“interest”是动词或名词，意为“使感兴趣；兴趣”，此处需要用其形容词形式。“interesting”意为“有趣的”，用于修饰事物，这里修饰“the story”，符合语境。故填interesting。 四、完成句子（每小题2分,满分10分） 24．孩子们喜欢探索森林。   Children love to the forest. 【答案】explore 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处缺少“探索”，英语表达为explore，动词，不定式符号to后应用动词原形。故填explore。 25．I bought 100 grams of sugar from the supermarket. (对划线部分提问) sugar did you buy from the supermarket? 【答案】How much 【详解】句意：我从超市买了100克糖。根据下划线部分“100 grams of”可知，此处提问数量；又根据sugar是不可数名词，所以此处应该用疑问词组：how much，位于句首，引导特殊疑问句，首字母要大写。故填How much。 26．He wrote a report after they concluded the meeting. (保持句意不变) He write a report they concluded the meeting. 【答案】 didn’t until 【详解】句意：他在会议结束后写了一份报告。根据分析原句可知，该句时态为一般过去时，保持句意不变可转换为“他直到会议结束才写报告”，即“not...until…”结构；又根据wrote是实义动词，所以此处表达否定要借助助动词didn’t，后跟动词原形。故填didn’t；until。 27．There are a few swimmers in the pool. (补全反意疑问句) There are a few swimmers in the pool, ? 【答案】aren’t there 【详解】句意：游泳池里有几个游泳者。反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则；又根据分析句子可知，主句“There are a few swimmers”为肯定句(a few表示“有一些”，含肯定意义)，故疑问部分用否定形式：aren’t there。故填aren’t there。 28．has / transport / over / years / developed / past / the / quickly / many 【答案】Transport has developed quickly over the past many years. 【详解】根据词汇提示可知，句子是陈述句，且时态为现在完成时（has+过去分词）。主语是Transport“交通”；has developed是谓语，其中developed是实义动词develop的过去分词，构成现在完成时结构；quickly是副词，修饰谓语动词；over the past many years是时间状语，说明动作发生的时间范围，故填Transport has developed quickly over the past many years.“在过去的许多年里，交通发展迅速。” 五、阅读理解（每小题2分,满分10分） ①Imagine (想象) you are in a field at night, and suddenly, you see lots of little lights around you. You have just found a group of fireflies (萤火虫), and their twinkling (闪烁的) lights are like a secret language. This nighttime light show, especially in the forest, has interested people for a long time. Let’s explore (探索) the secret of fireflies. ②Do you know how fireflies make their tails shine? The special power of fireflies to make light is called bioluminescence (生物发光), a special ability to create their own light through a chemical reaction (化学反应). It happens when two chemicals in their bodies join together and produce light. ③However, why do fireflies need to produce light in the dark? Now, imagine you are a firefly looking for someone special in the dark. How would you find Mr. or Ms. Right? Fireflies use their lights to send “hello” messages to each other. Each kind of firefly has its own special way to shine. They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better so that they can have baby fireflies. ④But fireflies do not just use their lights for conversations. They also use them to stay safe. Imagine you are an adult firefly in the dark, and a big spider is trying to catch you. What do you do? You turn on your light to make a sign that tells the spider “I taste disgusting. You won’t like me. So don’t eat me.” ⑤Besides, some scientists say fireflies may also use their lights to hunt. Imagine you’re a hungry firefly waiting in the dark. You flash lights to trick other insects into coming closer. When the curious prey (猎物) gets near—suddenly! —You catch a quick snack. It’s like using a glowing “free food” sign to attract dinner! ⑥This story of fireflies tells us how amazing and wonderful the natural world is. Exploring the world of fireflies helps us see how important it is to take care of nature and all its amazing organisms (生物), no matter how small they are. 29．How do fireflies make their tails shine? A．By collecting sunlight in the day. B．By collecting little lights around them. C．Through a chemical reaction inside them. D．With the help of other insects. 30．Why do fireflies need to make light in the dark according to the passage? a. To help stay safe.                        b. To see their way clearly at night. c. To make the night more beautiful.        d. To talk to each other as a language. e. To hunt for other insects. A．a, d, e B．a, c, d C．b, c, e D．a, b, c 31．What does the underlined word “disgusting” mean in the passage? A．Hot. B．Sweet. C．Awful. D．Delicious. 32．Why does the writer use “Imagine you are...” in Paragraph 1, 3, 4&5? A．To give readers suggestions on how to get to know fireflies more. B．To make the passage more scientific and make people believe it. C．To express disagreement with people for not protecting fireflies well. D．To make the passage more interesting and catch readers’ attention. 33．From the last paragraph, we can guess that the writer may love ______. A．imagination B．nature C．to help others D．to tell stories 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了萤火虫的发光原理，原因及光污染对它们的影响。 29．细节理解题。根据“The special power of fireflies to make light is called bioluminescence (生物发光)…happens when two chemicals in their bodies join together and produce light.”可知，萤火虫通过它们自己体内的化学反应来发光。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据“But fireflies do not just use their lights for conversations. They also use them to stay safe.”以及“Besides, some scientists say fireflies may also use their lights to hunt.”可知，萤火虫发光是为了确保安全、交流和捕食。故选A。 31．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“You won’t like me. So don’t eat me.”可知，后文提到了“你不会喜欢我的，不要吃我”，因此划线词是描述自己不好吃，为一个贬义词，“Awful”符合语境，故选C。 32．推理判断题。根据上下文可知，作者通过“Imagine you are…”让读者代入萤火虫的视角，增强趣味性和吸引力。故选D。 33．推理判断题。根据“This story of fireflies tells us how amazing and wonderful the natural world is…how important it is to take care of nature and all its amazing organisms (生物), no matter how small they are.”可知，最后一段作者提到自然世界很奇妙，并号召读者爱护大自然和各种生物，我们可以猜出作者可能热爱大自然。故选B。 六、完形填空（每小题2分,满分12分） When is bedtime? If you don’t have a phone or a watch, don’t worry. Every living thing has a built-in clock that 34 the sun. For a long time, people thought daylight tells animals when to rise or rest. When it’s light, rise. When it’s dark, rest. But in 1729, a French scientist tested this with a mimosa (含羞草) plant. The plant’s leaves folded (折叠) up at night, but when he put it in a dark cupboard, the leaves still folded and unfolded 35 . He realized that living things have a tiny clock inside them that measures day and night. This clock is called the daily cycle. Daily cycles tell our bodies when to sleep, eat, and grow. They 36 help animals know when to move or rest for the season. These clocks help living things stay in line with the sun’s light. Every cell in our body has its own tiny clock, but the brain has a main controller that keeps them working together. Like the mimosa plant, our clock counts time in 37 , but it also reacts to light. Humans have a special light sensor (传感器) at the back of the eye. These cells help signal when it’s bright or getting dark. The master clock then sends “ 38 ” or “sleep” signals to all your cells. This sensor helps reset our body’s clock. That’s why when you travel to different places, you feel 39 at the wrong times. Your body’s clock gets out of line with the local time, but soon, sunlight and darkness help reset it. So, don’t worry about missing your watch—your inner clock runs on sun time. 34．A．follows B．attracts C．shuts D．changes 35．A．in a hurry B．at once C．by chance D．as usual 36．A．only B．even C．rarely D．simply 37．A．silence B．coldness C．darkness D．blindness 38．A．wake up B．stay up C．get up D．speak up 39．A．surprised B．bored C．tired D．excited 【答案】34．A 35．D 36．B 37．C 38．A 39．C 【导语】本文围绕生物钟与太阳的关系展开说明。 34．句意：每个生物都有一个内置的时钟，它跟随太阳转动。 follows跟随；attracts吸引；shuts关；changes改变。根据“Every living thing has a built-in clock that…the sun.”可知，应该说生物钟“跟随”太阳的规律，follows符合语境。故选A。 35．句意：这种植物的叶子在晚上会折叠起来，但当他把它放在一个黑暗的柜子里时，叶子仍然像往常一样折叠和展开。 in a hurry匆忙地；at once立刻；by chance偶然；as usual像往常一样。根据“the leaves still folded and unfolded”以及语境，可知此处指的含羞草在黑暗柜子中仍“如常”开合，说明其内在节律未受外界影响，as usual符合语境。故选D。 36．句意：它们甚至可以帮助动物知道什么时候该移动，什么时候该休息。 only仅仅；even甚至；rarely很少；simply仅仅，简单地。根据“help animals know when to move or rest for the season”可知，句子强调生物钟作用范围广，“甚至”帮助动物应对季节变化，表递进，故选B。 37．句意：就像含羞草一样，我们的生物钟在黑暗中计算时间，但它也会对光线做出反应。 silence沉默；coldness冷漠；darkness黑暗；blindness失明。根据“Like the mimosa plant, our clock counts time in…but it also reacts to light.”可知，设空处前后为转折关系，生物钟在“黑暗”中也能计时，与后文“对光有反应”形成对比。故选C。 38．句意：然后，主时钟向你所有的细胞发送“醒来”或“睡觉”的信号。 wake up醒来；stay up熬夜；get up起床；speak up大声说出。与设空处后的“sleep”信号对应，主钟发送“醒来”信号，wake up符合语境。故选A。 39．句意：这就是为什么当你去不同的地方旅行时，你会在错误的时间感到疲倦。 surprised惊讶的；bored无聊的；tired疲倦的；excited兴奋的。根据“That’s why when you travel to different places, you feel…at the wrong times.”可知，这一句是说时差导致身体在错误时间感到“疲劳”，故选C。 七、任务型阅读（每小题2分,满分10分） John Wesley Powell Every time I go whitewater rafting, I think of an explorer named John Wesley Powell who was an amazing figure in the American West. Powell was fearless and thought nothing of hopping in a boat and rowing down an unknown river. Along the way, he studied geology, plants, and wildlife, teaching himself much about the natural world. In 1860, Powell joined the army in the Civil War. He was injured and lost his right arm. When the wound was cured, he went back into battle! In 1865, he retired as a major (上校). Powell took a teaching position as professor of geology even though he had never gone to college himself. During this time, he began to develop a daring plan. He wanted to explore the Grand Canyon by rafting the Colorado River. No one had done such a thing before. In May of 1869, Powell set out with ten men on the Green River in Wyoming for a ten-month trip. Everyone who saw them leave thought they would be done for. No wonder! They were facing the unknown with every bend of the river. No one knew what rapids (急流) lay ahead or how dangerous they’d be. But Powell refused to give up. He had courage and carefulness. He did what he set out to do. He got a river’s-eye view of one of the most unbelievable natural formations (构造) on Earth. And he lived to tell the tale. 40．Powell was afraid of hopping in a boat and rowing down a river, wasn’t he? 41．What happened to Powell’s right arm when he was in the army? 42．How many people set out on the Green River in Wyoming for a ten-month trip? 43．Why did everyone who saw them leave think they would be done for? 44．What do you think of Powell? Please tell your reason(s). 【答案】40．No, he wasn’t. 41．He was injured and lost his right arm. 42．11. 43．Because they thought the team would face the unknown with every bend of the river. 44．Powell was a courageous and determined explorer because he faced unknown dangers and challenges without giving up. 【导语】本文主要讲述了美国探险家约翰·韦斯利·鲍威尔的生平事迹。 40．根据“Powell was fearless and thought nothing of hopping in a boat and rowing down an unknown river.”可知，鲍威尔并不害怕划船下河。故填No, he wasn’t. 41．根据“He was injured and lost his right arm.”可知，在军队中，他受了伤并失去了右臂。故填He was injured and lost his right arm. 42．根据“In May of 1869, Powell set out with ten men on the Green River in Wyoming for a ten-month trip.”可知，鲍威尔与十名男子一起在怀俄明州的格林河出发，共11个人。故填11. 43．根据“No wonder! They were facing the unknown with every bend of the river.”可知，因为他们认为这个团队在每个河弯都面临着未知。故填Because they thought the team would face the unknown with every bend of the river. 44．开放性试题，言之有理即可，参考答案为Powell was a courageous and determined explorer because he faced unknown dangers and challenges without giving up. 八、翻译（每小题3分,满分9分） 45．尽管遇到很多困难，牛顿从未停止探索，最终因为对苹果落地的好奇发现了重力。(汉译英) 【答案】Despite meeting many difficulties, Newton never stopped exploring and finally discovered gravity because of his curiosity about falling apples. 【详解】描述过去的事情用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。“尽管”用介词despite，位于句首，首字母大写；“遇到”用动词meet，位于介词Despite后，用动名词meeting；“很多”用many，修饰可数名词复数；“困难”用可数名词复数difficulties；“牛顿”用Newton，作主语；“从未”用副词never；“停止做某事”用stop doing sth，stop的过去式为stopped；“探索”用动词explore，动名词为exploring；“最终”用副词finally，前由连词and连接；“发现”用动词discover，过去式为discovered；“重力”用不可数名词gravity；“因为”用介词短语because of；“对……的好奇”即“他对……的好奇”用名词短语his curiosity about；“苹果落地”即“落下的苹果”，用falling apples，现在分词作定语，指主动进行。故填Despite meeting many difficulties, Newton never stopped exploring and finally discovered gravity because of his curiosity about falling apples. 46．好奇心帮助大脑更好地吸收新信息，这就是为什么好奇的人记得更牢。 （汉译英） 【答案】Curiosity helps the brain take in new information better, which is why curious people remember things more clearly. 【详解】好奇心：curiosity；帮助大脑更好地吸收新信息：help the brain take in new information better；这就是为什么：which is why，此处为非限制性定语从句，用which指代前文整个句子“好奇心帮助大脑更好地吸收新信息”的内容，引导从句解释结果；好奇的人：curious people；记得更牢：remember things more clearly。结合语境可知，句子描述的是客观事实和普遍规律，因此整体使用一般现在时。前半句为主谓宾结构，主语curiosity是不可数名词，视为单数，故谓语动词help用第三人称单数形式helps；后半句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文整个主句，关系代词用which，从句中is为系动词，why curious people remember things more clearly作表语从句，表语从句中主语curious people为复数，动词remember用原形。故填Curiosity helps the brain take in new information better, which is why curious people remember things more clearly.。 47．我必须努力工作养家。(support) 【答案】I have to work hard to support my family. 【详解】我：I，主语，位于句首；努力工作养家：work hard to support my family，谓语。表示“必须做某事”用情态动词have to“必须、不得不”，后接动词原形。故填I have to work hard to support my family. 九、书面表达（满分16分） 48．话题：A Curious Moment I Remember   要求：不少于60个单词，描述一次因好奇心引发的经历，说明好奇心带来的影响。   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Last summer, curiosity made me do something interesting. One day, I saw a strange plant in my grandma’s garden. Its leaves were purple. I was really curious about what it was. So, I gently dug around it a little. Oh, its roots looked like small carrots! Then I ran to ask grandma. She smiled and said it was a special herb. This curiosity let me learn new knowledge about plants. Now, I often look at flowers and grass carefully, hoping to find more “secrets”. It makes me love exploring the world more. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇话题作文； ②时态：时态为“一般过去时”； ③提示：考生注意结合题干要求及自身经历，介绍一次因好奇心引发的经历，以及好奇心带来的影响，可适当添加细节，并突出写作要点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇点题，引出因好奇心引发的经历； 第二步，详细描述经历过程：按事件发展顺序，描述看到什么引发好奇，以及好奇驱动下的行动； 第三步，书写结束语，说明好奇心带来的影响。 [亮点词汇] ①curiosity 好奇心 ②strange 奇怪的 ③be curious about 对……感到好奇 ④herb 药草 ⑤explore 探索 [高分句型] ①I was really curious about what it was. (what引导的宾语从句) ②She smiled and said it was a special herb. (省略that的宾语从句) 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年八年级上册英语单元测试 Unit 3·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一、语法选择（每小题1.5分,满分15分） Do you like pears? Do you know the story of a little boy and pears? In the Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉), there is 1 boy called Kong Rong. He is 2 years old and he has some 3 . One day, his father buys some pears 4 the family. Then he puts 5 on the table and says, “Come and eat pears, boys!” Kong Rong likes eating pears very much, but he takes a really small pear. His brothers feel very curious (好奇) so his big brother 6 , “Why do you take such a small pear?” Kong Rong answers. “Because you are my big brother, I should let you 7 the big pear.” The little brother says. “But you are older than me! Why don’t you leave me the small pear?” “I’m your big brother, 8 I should take good care of (照顾) you.” Then the boys eat the pears and say, “The pears are very 9 !” The father 10 very happy and says, “Boys, you have a really good brother!” 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．four B．fourth C．the fourth 3．A．brother B．brothers C．brother’s 4．A．to B．of C．for 5．A．they B．them C．their 6．A．ask B．asks C．asking 7．A．eat B．eating C．to eat 8．A．but B．so C．because 9．A．good B．well C．best 10．A．am B．is C．are 二、选词填空（每小题2分,满分10分） A．surprise  B．includes  C． suppose  D．local  E. exploring  F. lights Bonjour! I’m Sophie from Sunshine Travel, and I'd love to take you on an amazing adventure to France! France is a magical place full of art, delicious food, and breathtaking sights. Let me tell you all about it! First, imagine standing under the Eiffel Tower in Paris—it’s even more beautiful at night when it 11 up! In Paris, you’ll visit the Louvre Museum to-see the famous Mona Lisa and take a relaxing boat ride along the Seine River. After three days of 12 the city and shopping, we’ll take a train to Southern France. There, you’ll walk through endless fields and visit villages. It’s a place where you can take photos that look like paintings! Next, you’ll spend two days swimming in the Mediterranean Sea and eating ice cream by the beach. If you love castles, don’t worry—on the way, we can stop at the Loire Valley to visit grand castles like Château de Chambord. This wonderful 7-day trip costs €1,500 per person. The price 13 your hotels, breakfast every morning, train tickets between cities, and a friendly guide who will share fun stories and 14 secrets. At Sunshine Travel, we make everything easy and fun. Ready for an unforgettable trip? France is waiting to 15 you with its beauty, flavors, and warmth. Contact Sunshine Travel today! 三、单词拼写（每小题1分,满分8分） 16．My father advised me (finish) my homework first. 17．It’s important for us (develop) the ability to ask questions. 18．The students were (excite) to hear about Newton’s story. 19．Reading books can help (deep) our knowledge about the world. 20．The magic trick was so (surprise) that everyone laughed. 21．The researcher did a lot of (research) on the power of curiosity. 22．We need to keep a (curiosity) mind to learn new things. 23．The story about Archimedes is very (interest) and inspiring. 四、完成句子（每小题2分,满分10分） 24．孩子们喜欢探索森林。   Children love to the forest. 25．I bought 100 grams of sugar from the supermarket. (对划线部分提问) sugar did you buy from the supermarket? 26．He wrote a report after they concluded the meeting. (保持句意不变) He write a report they concluded the meeting. 27．There are a few swimmers in the pool. (补全反意疑问句) There are a few swimmers in the pool, ? 28．has / transport / over / years / developed / past / the / quickly / many 五、阅读理解（每小题2分,满分10分） ①Imagine (想象) you are in a field at night, and suddenly, you see lots of little lights around you. You have just found a group of fireflies (萤火虫), and their twinkling (闪烁的) lights are like a secret language. This nighttime light show, especially in the forest, has interested people for a long time. Let’s explore (探索) the secret of fireflies. ②Do you know how fireflies make their tails shine? The special power of fireflies to make light is called bioluminescence (生物发光), a special ability to create their own light through a chemical reaction (化学反应). It happens when two chemicals in their bodies join together and produce light. ③However, why do fireflies need to produce light in the dark? Now, imagine you are a firefly looking for someone special in the dark. How would you find Mr. or Ms. Right? Fireflies use their lights to send “hello” messages to each other. Each kind of firefly has its own special way to shine. They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better so that they can have baby fireflies. ④But fireflies do not just use their lights for conversations. They also use them to stay safe. Imagine you are an adult firefly in the dark, and a big spider is trying to catch you. What do you do? You turn on your light to make a sign that tells the spider “I taste disgusting. You won’t like me. So don’t eat me.” ⑤Besides, some scientists say fireflies may also use their lights to hunt. Imagine you’re a hungry firefly waiting in the dark. You flash lights to trick other insects into coming closer. When the curious prey (猎物) gets near—suddenly! —You catch a quick snack. It’s like using a glowing “free food” sign to attract dinner! ⑥This story of fireflies tells us how amazing and wonderful the natural world is. Exploring the world of fireflies helps us see how important it is to take care of nature and all its amazing organisms (生物), no matter how small they are. 29．How do fireflies make their tails shine? A．By collecting sunlight in the day. B．By collecting little lights around them. C．Through a chemical reaction inside them. D．With the help of other insects. 30．Why do fireflies need to make light in the dark according to the passage? a. To help stay safe.                        b. To see their way clearly at night. c. To make the night more beautiful.        d. To talk to each other as a language. e. To hunt for other insects. A．a, d, e B．a, c, d C．b, c, e D．a, b, c 31．What does the underlined word “disgusting” mean in the passage? A．Hot. B．Sweet. C．Awful. D．Delicious. 32．Why does the writer use “Imagine you are...” in Paragraph 1, 3, 4&5? A．To give readers suggestions on how to get to know fireflies more. B．To make the passage more scientific and make people believe it. C．To express disagreement with people for not protecting fireflies well. D．To make the passage more interesting and catch readers’ attention. 33．From the last paragraph, we can guess that the writer may love ______. A．imagination B．nature C．to help others D．to tell stories 六、完形填空（每小题2分,满分12分） When is bedtime? If you don’t have a phone or a watch, don’t worry. Every living thing has a built-in clock that 34 the sun. For a long time, people thought daylight tells animals when to rise or rest. When it’s light, rise. When it’s dark, rest. But in 1729, a French scientist tested this with a mimosa (含羞草) plant. The plant’s leaves folded (折叠) up at night, but when he put it in a dark cupboard, the leaves still folded and unfolded 35 . He realized that living things have a tiny clock inside them that measures day and night. This clock is called the daily cycle. Daily cycles tell our bodies when to sleep, eat, and grow. They 36 help animals know when to move or rest for the season. These clocks help living things stay in line with the sun’s light. Every cell in our body has its own tiny clock, but the brain has a main controller that keeps them working together. Like the mimosa plant, our clock counts time in 37 , but it also reacts to light. Humans have a special light sensor (传感器) at the back of the eye. These cells help signal when it’s bright or getting dark. The master clock then sends “ 38 ” or “sleep” signals to all your cells. This sensor helps reset our body’s clock. That’s why when you travel to different places, you feel 39 at the wrong times. Your body’s clock gets out of line with the local time, but soon, sunlight and darkness help reset it. So, don’t worry about missing your watch—your inner clock runs on sun time. 34．A．follows B．attracts C．shuts D．changes 35．A．in a hurry B．at once C．by chance D．as usual 36．A．only B．even C．rarely D．simply 37．A．silence B．coldness C．darkness D．blindness 38．A．wake up B．stay up C．get up D．speak up 39．A．surprised B．bored C．tired D．excited 七、任务型阅读（每小题2分,满分10分） John Wesley Powell Every time I go whitewater rafting, I think of an explorer named John Wesley Powell who was an amazing figure in the American West. Powell was fearless and thought nothing of hopping in a boat and rowing down an unknown river. Along the way, he studied geology, plants, and wildlife, teaching himself much about the natural world. In 1860, Powell joined the army in the Civil War. He was injured and lost his right arm. When the wound was cured, he went back into battle! In 1865, he retired as a major (上校). Powell took a teaching position as professor of geology even though he had never gone to college himself. During this time, he began to develop a daring plan. He wanted to explore the Grand Canyon by rafting the Colorado River. No one had done such a thing before. In May of 1869, Powell set out with ten men on the Green River in Wyoming for a ten-month trip. Everyone who saw them leave thought they would be done for. No wonder! They were facing the unknown with every bend of the river. No one knew what rapids (急流) lay ahead or how dangerous they’d be. But Powell refused to give up. He had courage and carefulness. He did what he set out to do. He got a river’s-eye view of one of the most unbelievable natural formations (构造) on Earth. And he lived to tell the tale. 40．Powell was afraid of hopping in a boat and rowing down a river, wasn’t he? 41．What happened to Powell’s right arm when he was in the army? 42．How many people set out on the Green River in Wyoming for a ten-month trip? 43．Why did everyone who saw them leave think they would be done for? 44．What do you think of Powell? Please tell your reason(s). 八、翻译（每小题3分,满分9分） 45．尽管遇到很多困难，牛顿从未停止探索，最终因为对苹果落地的好奇发现了重力。(汉译英) 46．好奇心帮助大脑更好地吸收新信息，这就是为什么好奇的人记得更牢。 （汉译英） 47．我必须努力工作养家。(support) 九、书面表达（满分16分） 48．话题：A Curious Moment I Remember   要求：不少于60个单词，描述一次因好奇心引发的经历，说明好奇心带来的影响。   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$