热点时文阅读 第六周练习2025-2026学年译林版（2024）英语八年级上册

初二上册英语热点时文阅读 第六周练习 第一篇 阅读理解 朝太阳飞去的宇宙飞船 语篇类型: 说明文 难度: 建议用时: 7分钟 Things are heating up for the USA’s National Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA). One of the agency’s missions is to study the Sun. In 2018, NASA sent a small research probe (探测器) to take photos of our nearest star. The spacecraft (宇宙飞船) is called the Parker Solar Probe. It made history on Christmas Eve by going closer to the Sun than any spacecraft has ever gone before. Parker flew to within 6.1 million kilometers of the Sun. Parker holds another record. It is the fastest object ever built by humans. In September 2023, it flew at a speed of 635,266 kph. At this speed, the probe could travel the 10,846 km from New York to Tokyo in just 1.025 minutes. The Parker Solar Probe is named after the astrophysicist (天体物理学家) Dr Eugene Parker. He spent most of his life studying the Sun and its solar flares. *He wanted to know why the flares, which shoot off from the Sun’s surface, are hotter than the surface. This is known as the “coronal heating problem”. It is a long - standing mystery for scientists. The temperature at the Sun’s surface is around 4,100 ; while the temperature of the corona’s flares can reach 1.1 million degrees Celsius. Scientists also hope to find out how solar winds originate (起源). NASA said Parker (the probe) has faced extreme (极端的) heat on its record - breaking fly - by. Temperatures reached a scorching 980 . 重难点词汇 1. mission - 词性:n. - 词义:任务;使命 - 例句:One of the agency’s missions is to study the Sun.(该机构的任务之一是研究太阳 。 ) 2. probe - 词性:n. - 词义:探测器 - 例句:In 2018, NASA sent a small research probe to take photos of our nearest star.(2018年,美国国家航空航天局(NASA)发射了一个小型研究探测器,为我们最近的恒星(太阳)拍照 。 ) 3. spacecraft - 词性:n. - 词义:宇宙飞船 - 例句:The spacecraft is called the Parker Solar Probe.(这艘宇宙飞船被称为“帕克太阳探测器” 。 ) 4. surface - 词性:n. - 词义:表面 - 例句:He wanted to know why the flares, which shoot off from the Sun’s surface, are hotter than the surface.(他想知道为什么从太阳表面喷射出的耀斑比太阳表面温度更高 。 ) 5. record - 词性:n. (文中用法) - 词义:记录 - 例句:Parker holds another record.(帕克(探测器)还保持着另一项记录 。 ) 6. speed - 词性:n. - 词义:速度 - 例句:In September 2023, it flew at a speed of 635,266 kph.(2023年9月,它以每小时635266公里的速度飞行 。 ) 7. astrophysicist - 词性:n. - 词义:天体物理学家 - 例句:The Parker Solar Probe is named after the astrophysicist Dr Eugene Parker.(帕克太阳探测器是以天体物理学家尤金 帕克博士的名字命名的 。 ) 8. solar flare - 词性:n. (短语,可拆分记忆 ) - 词义:太阳耀斑 - 例句:He spent most of his life studying the Sun and its solar flares.(他一生大部分时间都在研究太阳及其太阳耀斑 。 ) 9. extreme - 词性:adj. - 词义:极端的 - 例句:NASA said Parker (the probe) has faced extreme heat on its record - breaking fly - by.(美国国家航空航天局表示,帕克(探测器)在其破纪录的飞越过程中遭遇了极端高温 。 ) 10. originate - 词性:v. - 词义:起源;发源 - 例句:Scientists also hope to find out how solar winds originate.(科学家们还希望弄清楚太阳风是如何起源的 。 ) 11. infer - 词性:v. - 词义:推断;推论 - 例句:What can we infer about the Parker Solar Probe’s mission?(关于帕克太阳探测器的任务,我们能推断出什么? ) 题目 1.Why did NASA send the Parker Solar Probe? A. To search for signs of life on the Sun’s surface. B. To take photos of the Sun and study it further. C. To test new spacecraft technology in deep space. D. To explore faraway planets outside the solar system. 2.How close did the Parker Solar Probe get to the Sun in 2018? A. Around 10,846 kilometers from the Sun. B. Nearly 1,025 million kilometers from the Sun. C. Just over 6 million kilometers from the Sun. D. About 635,266 million kilometers from the Sun. 3.Why is the Parker Solar Probe named after Dr Eugene Parker? A. He discovered the exact temperature of solar flares. B. He was the first astronaut to travel close to the Sun. C. He designed materials to protect the spacecraft from heat. D. He spent his whole life studying the secrets of the Sun. 4.What does the underlined word “scorching” in the last paragraph mean? A. Extremely hot. B. Brightly shining. C. Rapidly changing. D. Quite dangerous. 5.What can we infer about the Parker Solar Probe’s mission? A. It aims to land on the Sun’s surface. B. It is studying solar flares and solar winds. C. It was built to break speed records. D. It will return to Earth with samples. 第二篇阅读理解 小行星在 2032 年撞击地球的几率为1% 语篇类型: 说明文 词数: 283 难度: 建议用时: 8分钟 A newly discovered asteroid (小行星) has a tiny chance of hitting Earth in 2032, space agency officials have said. Scientists put the odds (可能性) of a strike at a little more than 1%. “We are not worried at all, because of this 99 percent chance it will miss,” said Paul Chodas, director of NASA’s Center for Near Earth Object Studies. “But it should get attention.” Last month, a telescope (望远镜) in Chile found a space rock named 2024 YR4. It is thought to be about 40 to 100 meters in diameter (直径). *Scientists are keeping close watch on the space rock, which is moving away from Earth at the moment. As the asteroid’s path around the sun becomes better understood, Chodas and others said, there’s a good chance the risk to Earth could fall to zero. The asteroid will slowly fade from view over the next few months, according to NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA). Until then, some of the world’s most powerful telescopes will keep watching it to better understand its size and path. Once out of sight, it won’t be seen again until it passes closer to Earth again in 2028. The asteroid came closest to Earth on Christmas Day—passing within about 800,000 kilometers of Earth, about twice the distance to the moon. According to the ESA, Earth is hit by an asteroid this size every few thousand years and could cause serious damage. That’s why this one now tops the ESA’s asteroid risk list. Scientists say it might hit Earth on December 22, 2032, but it’s much too soon to know where it might land if it did hit Earth. 重难点词汇 1. asteroid - 词性:n. - 词义:小行星 - 例句:A newly discovered asteroid has a tiny chance of hitting Earth in 2032...(一颗新发现的小行星在2032年撞击地球的可能性很小…… ) 2. tiny - 词性:adj. - 词义:微小的;极小的 - 例句:A newly discovered asteroid has a tiny chance of hitting Earth in 2032...(一颗新发现的小行星在2032年撞击地球的可能性极小…… ) 3. hit - 词性:v. (文中用法,过去式、过去分词同形 ) - 词义:撞击;碰撞 - 例句:A newly discovered asteroid has a tiny chance of hitting Earth in 2032...(一颗新发现的小行星在2032年撞击地球的可能性很小…… ) 4. official - 词性:n. - 词义:官员;高级职员 - 例句:...space agency officials have said.(……航天局官员表示 。 ) 5. odd - 词性:n. (常用复数形式“odds” ,表示“可能性;概率” ) - 词义:可能性;概率 - 例句:Scientists put the odds of a strike at a little more than 1%.(科学家们认为撞击的概率略高于1% 。 ) 6. strike - 词性:n. (文中用法 ) - 词义:撞击;碰撞(这里指小行星撞击地球 ) - 例句:Scientists put the odds of a strike at a little more than 1%.(科学家们认为撞击(地球)的概率略高于1% 。 ) 7. telescope - 词性:n. - 词义:望远镜 - 例句:Last month, a telescope in Chile found a space rock named 2024 YR4.(上个月,智利的一架望远镜发现了一颗名为2024 YR4的太空岩石 。 ) 8. diameter - 词性:n. - 词义:直径 - 例句:It is thought to be about 40 to 100 meters in diameter.(它的直径被认为大约在40到100米之间 。 ) 9. watch - 词性:v. (文中“keep close watch on” ,这里“watch”作名词,也可作动词,含义相关 ,此处先列动词含义 ) - 词义:观察;注视 - 例句:Scientists are keeping close watch on the space rock...(科学家们正在密切观察这颗太空岩石…… ) 10. path - 词性:n. - 词义:轨道;路径 - 例句:As the asteroid’s path around the sun becomes better understood...(随着对这颗小行星绕太阳运行轨道的了解越来越深入…… ) 11. powerful - 词性:adj. - 词义:强大的;功效大的 - 例句:...some of the world’s most powerful telescopes will keep watching it...(……世界上一些最强大的望远镜将继续观察它…… ) 12. damage - 词性:n. (文中用法 ) - 词义:损害;破坏 - 例句:...could cause serious damage.(……可能会造成严重破坏 。 ) 13. risk - 词性:n. - 词义:危险;风险 - 例句:...there’s a good chance the risk to Earth could fall to zero.(……很有可能对地球的危险会降至零 。 ) 题目 6.What does Paul Chodas mean by saying “We are not worried at all” about the asteroid? A. The asteroid is too small. B. Chile can watch it closely. C. It will probably miss Earth. D. They’re sure it won’t hit Earth. 7.What size is probably the space rock? A. Car - sized. B. Football field - sized. C. Mountain - sized. D. City - sized. 8.The meaning of the underlined word “fade” is close to “_”. A. disappear B. arrive C. come D. find 9.Why do scientists keep watching the asteroid? A. To test its equipment. B. To take photos of Earth. C. To find the moon and stars. D. To study its size and path. 10.What’s the best title for the passage? A. A Christmas Close Call from Space B. 1% Chance of Asteroid Hitting Earth in 2032 C. Telescopes Discover a Tiny Asteroid D. Scientists Watch a Dangerous Space Rock 第三篇阅读理解 日本用新型H3火箭发射导航卫星 语篇类型: 新闻报道 词数: 238 难度: 建议用时: 7分钟 On February 2, Japan’s space agency, JAXA, successfully launched a navigation (导航) satellite called Michibiki 6 using its new H3 rocket. The rocket lifted off from the Tanegashima Space Center in Japan. The launch went successfully, and the satellite separated from the rocket about 29 minutes after liftoff. Officials said it would reach its target orbit (目标轨道) in about two weeks. *Japan already has a navigation system called QZSS, which has four satellites. Michibiki 6 will be the fifth. These satellites help improve GPS signals for smartphones, drones, and navigation for cars and ships. Japan plans to launch two more satellites by March 2026 to have a seven - satellite system. This will make their navigation system more accurate and less dependent on foreign services like the US GPS. By the late 2030s, Japan hopes to have an 11 - satellite network. Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba said the government will work to make the navigation system more useful for people. This launch was put off by one day because of bad weather. It was the fourth successful flight for the H3 rocket. Last year, the first H3 launch failed, but now it is doing well. Japan is developing the H3 rocket and a smaller Epsilon rocket to meet different customer needs in the satellite launch market. This will help Japan improve its position in space programs and national security (安全). 重难点词汇 1. launch - 词性:v. - 词义:发射 - 例句:On February 2, Japan’s space agency, JAXA, successfully launched a navigation satellite called Michibiki 6 using its new H3 rocket.(2月2日,日本宇宙航空研究开发机构(JAXA)用其新型H3火箭成功发射了一颗名为“ Michibiki 6 ”的导航卫星 。 ) 2. navigation - 词性:n. - 词义:导航 - 例句:On February 2, Japan’s space agency, JAXA, successfully launched a navigation satellite called Michibiki 6 using its new H3 rocket.(2月2日,日本宇宙航空研究开发机构(JAXA)用其新型H3火箭成功发射了一颗名为“ Michibiki 6 ”的导航卫星 。 ) 3. satellite - 词性:n. - 词义:卫星 - 例句:On February 2, Japan’s space agency, JAXA, successfully launched a navigation satellite called Michibiki 6 using its new H3 rocket.(2月2日,日本宇宙航空研究开发机构(JAXA)用其新型H3火箭成功发射了一颗名为“ Michibiki 6 ”的导航卫星 。 ) 4. lift off - 词性:动词短语 - 词义:(火箭等)发射;升空 - 例句:The rocket lifted off from the Tanegashima Space Center in Japan.(火箭从日本种子岛宇宙中心发射升空 。 ) 5. separate - 词性:v. - 词义:分离;分开 - 例句:The launch went successfully, and the satellite separated from the rocket about 29 minutes after liftoff.(发射顺利进行,卫星在发射约29分钟后与火箭分离 。 ) 6. orbit - 词性:n. - 词义:轨道 - 例句:Officials said it would reach its target orbit in about two weeks.(官员们表示,它将在大约两周后到达目标轨道 。 ) 7. accurate - 词性:adj. - 词义:精确的;准确的 - 例句:This will make their navigation system more accurate and less dependent on foreign services like the US GPS.(这将使他们的导航系统更精确,减少对美国GPS等外国服务的依赖 。 ) 8. dependent - 词性:adj. - 词义:依赖的;依靠的 - 例句:This will make their navigation system more accurate and less dependent on foreign services like the US GPS.(这将使他们的导航系统更精确,减少对美国GPS等外国服务的依赖 。 ) 9. put off - 词性:动词短语 - 词义:推迟;延迟 - 例句:This launch was put off by one day because of bad weather.(由于天气恶劣,这次发射推迟了一天 。 ) 10. fail - 词性:v. - 词义:失败 - 例句:Last year, the first H3 launch failed, but now it is doing well.(去年,首次H3火箭发射失败,但现在情况良好 。 ) 11. develop - 词性:v. - 词义:开发;研制 - 例句:Japan is developing the H3 rocket and a smaller Epsilon rocket...(日本正在开发H3火箭和更小的Epsilon火箭…… ) 12. security - 词性:n. - 词义:安全 - 例句:This will help Japan improve its position in space programs and national security.(这将有助于日本提升其在太空项目和国家安全方面的地位 。 ) 题目 11.When did Michibiki 6 separate from the H3 rocket? A. Two weeks after the launch. B. Right after it started going up. C. About half an hour after liftoff. D. When it reached its target orbit. 12.What is the main use of Michibiki 6 and other satellites in QZSS? A. To tell Japan what the weather will be like. B. To improve GPS signals for different devices. C. To communicate with other countries’ satellites. D. To send signals to the International Space Station. 13.How many more satellites does Japan hope to launch by the late 2030s? A. Two. B. Three. C. Five. D. Six. 14.What can we infer from the passage about the H3 rocket? A. It has never failed. B. Its first launch was very successful. C. It has been launched successfully four times. D. It is only used for launching navigation satellites. 15.This passage is most likely taken from _. A. a fashion magazine B. a travel book C. a novel D. a science and technology news website 第四篇任务型阅读 “出差”9个月!美国宇航员终回地球 语篇类型: 新闻报道 词数: 216 难度: 建议用时: 7分钟 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 On March 18, NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams returned to Earth after spending nine months in space. Their SpaceX capsule (太空舱) landed safely in the Gulf of Mexico near the coast of Florida. 1They had launched on Boeing’s new Starliner spacecraft on June 5, but technical problems forced NASA to bring the Starliner back empty. The astronauts then moved to a SpaceX capsule, which put off their return until February. Later, another issue (问题) with the SpaceX capsule added one more month to their stay in space. Finally, on March 16, a new crew arrived at the International Space Station, allowing Wilmore and Williams to come home. 2 —Nick Hague from NASA and Alexander Gorbunov from Russia—who arrived in a different SpaceX capsule last year. 3 —much longer than planned. They orbited Earth 4,576 times and traveled 195 million kilometers. 4.Hague, the capsule’s commander, smiled and said, “What a ride!” Outside the capsule, divers checked the spacecraft while dolphins swam nearby. 5. *NASA will continue using SpaceX and Boeing to send astronauts until 2030, when the International Space Station is expected to retire (退役). After that, private space stations will take over, allowing NASA to focus on moon and Mars expeditions (探索任务). 重难点词汇 1. astronaut - 词性:n. - 词义:宇航员;航天员 - 语境:“NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams returned to Earth...”(美国国家航空航天局宇航员布奇 威尔莫尔和苏妮 威廉姆斯返回地球…… ) 2. capsule - 词性:n. - 词义:太空舱 - 语境:“Their SpaceX capsule landed safely in the Gulf of Mexico...”(他们的SpaceX太空舱安全降落在墨西哥湾…… ) 3. launch - 词性:v. - 词义:发射 - 语境:“They had launched on Boeing’s new Starliner spacecraft on June 5...”(他们于6月5日乘坐波音公司的新型“星际客机”飞船发射升空…… ) 4. technical - 词性:adj. - 词义:技术的;工艺的 - 语境:“...but technical problems forced NASA to bring the Starliner back empty.”(……但技术问题迫使美国国家航空航天局让“星际客机”空舱返回 。 ) 5. issue - 词性:n. - 词义:问题;担忧 - 语境:“Later, another issue with the SpaceX capsule added one more month to their stay in space.”(后来,SpaceX太空舱出现的另一个问题使他们在太空的停留时间又增加了一个月 。 ) 6. crew - 词性:n. - 词义:(轮船、飞机等上的)全体工作人员;(尤指)机组人员,乘务组 - 语境:“Finally, on March 16, a new crew arrived at the International Space Station...”(最终,在3月16日,一组新的机组人员抵达国际空间站…… ) 7. orbit - 词性:v. - 词义:绕……运行;环绕……运动 - 语境:“They orbited Earth 4,576 times and traveled 195 million kilometers.”(他们绕地球运行了4576圈,飞行了1.95亿公里 。 ) 8. commander - 词性:n. - 词义:指挥官;长官 - 语境:“Hague, the capsule’s commander, smiled and said, ‘What a ride!’”(太空舱指挥官黑格微笑着说:“多么美妙的旅程啊!” ) 9. retire - 词性:v. - 词义:(使)退休;(因陈旧、破损等)停止使用 - 语境:“...when the International Space Station is expected to retire.”(……届时国际空间站预计将停止使用 。 ) 10. expedition - 词性:n. - 词义:探险;远征 - 语境:“...allowing NASA to focus on moon and Mars expeditions.”(……让美国国家航空航天局能够专注于月球和火星探险任务 。 ) 选项 A. They returned with two other astronauts B. The astronauts were then helped out one by one C. In total, Wilmore and Williams spent 286 days in space D. In the beginning, their mission was planned to last only one week E. When their capsule landed, SpaceX Mission Control in California welcomed them back 第五篇 完形填空 中国“人造太阳”再获突破 语篇类型: 新闻报道 词数: 230 难度: 建议用时: 8分钟 China’s “Artificial Sun”, EAST, is a special machine that studies atomic fusion (原子聚变) to make clean energy. On January 20, 2025, scientists 1 super - hot gas (超高温气体) inside EAST working for 17 minutes and 46 seconds at temperatures of over 100 million degrees Celsius. This 2 EAST’s 2021 record of 17 minutes and 36 seconds. In 2023, EAST kept this gas stable (稳定的) for 6.7 minutes at 160 million degrees Celsius. Though the 2025 temperature isn’t shared, it helps us learn how to use fusion for 3. Stars like the Sun use fusion too, 4 their centers are about only 15 million degrees Celsius. Stars use gravity (重力) to press atoms together. On Earth, we need 5 heat and longer time to make energy. Dr Song Yuntao, a project leader, said future energy machines must run for hours to 6 steady (稳定的) power. China works with the ITER (国际能源计划), a global team 7 the US, Japan, and Europe. ITER 8 to build a bigger fusion machine by 2034. EAST and other small machines help improve ITER’s design. *Even though ITER’s test was put off to 2034, EAST’s success gives 9. Fusion energy could replace coal and oil, giving us clean power forever. After 2030, China wants to build its own fusion machines. As Dr Song said, “Stable gas is the 10 to our future lights.” 重难点词汇 名词 1. machine - 词义:机器 - 语境:“China’s ‘Artificial Sun’, EAST, is a special machine that studies atomic fusion...”(中国的“人造太阳”EAST是一台研究原子聚变的特殊机器…… ) 2. energy - 词义:能源;能量 - 语境:“...to make clean energy.”(……以制造清洁能源 );“it helps us learn how to use fusion for energy.”(它帮助我们学习如何利用聚变获取能源 ) 3. record - 词义:记录 - 语境:“This broke EAST’s 2021 record of 17 minutes and 36 seconds.”(这打破了EAST在2021年创下的17分36秒的记录 ) 4. gravity - 词义:重力 - 语境:“Stars use gravity to press atoms together.”(恒星利用重力将原子挤压在一起 ) 5. power - 词义:电力;动力 - 语境:“...future energy machines must run for hours to make steady power.”(……未来的能源机器必须运行数小时以产生稳定电力 ) 6. team - 词义:团队 - 语境:“China works with the ITER, a global team including the US, Japan, and Europe.”(中国与国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)合作,这是一个包括美国、日本和欧洲在内的全球团队 ) 7. hope - 词义:希望 - 语境:“EAST’s success gives hope.”(EAST的成功带来了希望 ) 8. key - 词义:关键;钥匙 - 语境:“Stable gas is the key to our future lights.”(稳定的气体是我们未来光明的关键 ) 动词 1. keep - 词义:使保持(某种状态) ,文中“kept super - hot gas inside EAST working...”表示让超高温气体在EAST内部保持运作状态 - 语境:“scientists kept super - hot gas inside EAST working for 17 minutes and 46 seconds...”(科学家们让EAST内部的超高温气体持续运作了17分46秒…… ) 2. break - 词义:打破(记录等) - 语境:“This broke EAST’s 2021 record...”(这打破了EAST在2021年的记录…… ) 3. use - 词义:使用 - 语境:“it helps us learn how to use fusion for energy.”(它帮助我们学习如何利用聚变获取能源 ) 4. press - 词义:挤压 - 语境:“Stars use gravity to press atoms together.”(恒星利用重力将原子挤压在一起 ) 5. make - 词义:制造;产生 ,文中“make steady power”表示产生稳定电力 - 语境:“...future energy machines must run for hours to make steady power.”(……未来的能源机器必须运行数小时以产生稳定电力 ) 6. include - 词义:包括 - 语境:“...a global team including the US, Japan, and Europe.”(……一个包括美国、日本和欧洲在内的全球团队 ) 7. plan - 词义:计划 - 语境:“ITER plans to build a bigger fusion machine by 2034.”(国际热核聚变实验堆计划到2034年建造一台更大的聚变机器 ) 8. give - 词义:给予 - 语境:“EAST’s success gives hope.”(EAST的成功带来了希望 ) 形容词 1. super - hot - 词义:超热的;极热的 - 语境:“scientists kept super - hot gas inside EAST working...”(科学家们让EAST内部的超高温气体持续运作…… ) 2. stable - 词义:稳定的 - 语境:“EAST kept this gas stable for 6.7 minutes...”(EAST使这种气体稳定了6.7分钟…… );“Stable gas is the key to our future lights.”(稳定的气体是我们未来光明的关键 ) 3. steady - 词义:稳定的 - 语境:“...future energy machines must run for hours to make steady power.”(……未来的能源机器必须运行数小时以产生稳定电力 ) 4. global - 词义:全球的 - 语境:“...a global team including the US, Japan, and Europe.”(……一个包括美国、日本和欧洲在内的全球团队 ) 5. different - 词义:不同的(文中虽未直接出现该词,但“higher heat”等体现与恒星条件不同 ,可关联理解 ) ,文中“On Earth, we need higher heat...”体现地球与恒星内部条件不同,间接涉及“不同的”概念 - 语境:“On Earth, we need higher heat and longer time to make energy.”(在地球上,我们需要更高的温度和更长的时间来产生能源 ) 连词 1. though - 词义:尽管;虽然 - 语境:“Stars like the Sun use fusion too, though their centers are about only 15 million degrees Celsius.”(像太阳这样的恒星也利用聚变,尽管它们的中心温度只有约1500万摄氏度 ) 2. but - 词义:但是(文中未直接考查,不过从句子逻辑可关联,比如“Stars like the Sun use fusion too, though their centers are about only 15 million degrees Celsius. On Earth, we need higher heat and longer time to make energy.” 体现地球和恒星条件差异,隐含转折 ,这里主要是梳理词汇,该词常见且重要 ) - 可联想语境:用于连接前后有转折关系的内容,比如假设“恒星聚变条件简单,但地球聚变条件复杂”这样的逻辑(文中虽未用but连接此内容,但属于常见逻辑连词 ) 题目 1.A. kept B. stopped C. noticed D. remembered 2.A. wrote B. broke C. carried D. set 3.A. chance B. energy C. wind D. sunlight 4.A. though B. if C. so D. but 5.A. lower B. higher C. cheaper D. lighter 6.A. catch B. use C. make D. study 7.A. adding B. including C. carrying D. holding 8.A. learns B. refuses C. stops D. plans 9.A. hope B. health C. help D. money 10.A. price B. key C. door D. window 第六篇 短文填空 中国迷你机器人探索马里亚纳海沟 语篇类型: 新闻报道 词数: 238 难度: 建议用时: 7分钟 从方框中选出合适的单词并用其适当形式填空。 create explore pollute environment kilogram this it long deep reach Chinese scientists have developed a lightweight underwater robot to explore the Mariana Trench, the 1 part of the oceans. Weighing just 2.7 2 and 50 cm long, this robot was designed by Beihang University researchers led by Professor Wen Li. Their work, reported in a top science journal in March 2025, shows China’s progress in deep - sea technology. The team spent two years (2019—2021) 3 the robot’s core system. * 4 key innovation (创新) is a tiny 16 - gram “muscle” made of special materials (超材料) that allow flexible movements. “ 5 materials let the robot swim like a fish and crawl on the seafloor,” explained Zuo Zonghao, a team scientist. Powered by a long - lasting lithium battery (锂电池), it can work over 20 minutes at extreme depths. Tested 14 times with China’s advanced submarines (潜水艇) like Striver, the robot set a record in 2021 by 6 10,666 meters in the Mariana Trench. During these missions, submarines released it using robotic arms 7 areas humans cannot reach. Researchers observed it collecting sand samples (样本) and taking photos of unknown sea creatures. Future progress will add scientific tools like high - definition cameras and 8 sensors (传感器). These devices will help to study underwater volcanoes, track 9 , and map mineral resources. Scientists also plan to build a larger version for 10 missions. “Such robots could protect coral reefs or discover ancient shipwrecks,” Zuo said, highlighting their potential in marine research and conservation. 重难点词汇 一、名词类 1. robot - 词性:n. - 词义:机器人 - 语境及用法:“Chinese scientists have developed a lightweight underwater robot...”(中国科学家研发了一款轻型水下机器人…… ),在文中作为核心事物,贯穿全文描述其研发、功能等 。 2. Trench(Mariana Trench ) - 词性:n. - 词义:海沟(这里指马里亚纳海沟 ) - 语境及用法:“to explore the Mariana Trench, the... part of the oceans”(去探索马里亚纳海沟,海洋的……部分 ),是机器人探索的对象,地理专有名词 。 3. kilogram - 词性:n. - 词义:千克;公斤 - 语境及用法:“Weighing just 2.7... and 50 cm long”(重量仅为2.7…… ,长50厘米 ),用于描述机器人重量,是重量单位 。 4. innovation - 词性:n. - 词义:创新;革新 - 语境及用法:“... key innovation is a tiny 16 - gram ‘muscle’...”(……关键创新是一个16克重的小“肌肉”…… ),指机器人研发中的创新点 。 5. material - 词性:n. - 词义:材料 - 语境及用法:“made of special materials that allow flexible movements”(由能实现灵活运动的特殊材料制成 ),说明机器人部件的制作材质 。 6. battery - 词性:n. - 词义:电池 - 语境及用法:“Powered by a long - lasting lithium battery”(由持久的锂电池提供动力 ),是机器人的动力来源 。 7. submarine - 词性:n. - 词义:潜水艇 - 语境及用法:“Tested 14 times with China’s advanced submarines like Striver”(用像“奋斗者”号这样的中国先进潜水艇进行了14次测试 ),是测试机器人的设备 。 8. sensor - 词性:n. - 词义:传感器 - 语境及用法:“add scientific tools like high - definition cameras and... sensors”(添加如高清相机和……传感器这样的科学工具 ),是未来为机器人配备的设备 。 9. volcano(underwater volcanoes ) - 词性:n. - 词义:火山(这里指水下火山 ) - 语境及用法:“help to study underwater volcanoes”(帮助研究水下火山 ),是机器人未来研究的对象之一 。 10. mission - 词性:n. - 词义:任务 - 语境及用法:“Scientists also plan to build a larger version for... missions”(科学家们还计划建造一个更大版本用于……任务 ),指机器人执行的探索等任务 。 二、动词类 1. explore - 词性:v. - 词义:探索 - 语境及用法:“to explore the Mariana Trench”(去探索马里亚纳海沟 ),是机器人的主要功能动作 ,文中用其不定式形式表目的 。 2. design - 词性:v. - 词义:设计 - 语境及用法:“this robot was designed by Beihang University researchers”(这款机器人由北京航空航天大学的研究人员设计 ),说明机器人的来源 ,被动语态用法 。 3. create - 词性:v. - 词义:创造;创建 (文中虽未直接出现,但从“develop a lightweight underwater robot” 可关联研发包含创造过程 ,且从词汇角度,该词与研发相关 ,这里梳理常见重点 ) - 可联想语境:比如“create a new robot design”(创造新的机器人设计 ),不过文中是“develop” ,但“create” 属于同话题常用动词 。 4. spend - 词性:v. - 词义:花费(时间、金钱等 ) - 语境及用法:“The team spent two years (2019—2021)... the robot’s core system”(该团队花费两年时间(2019 - 2021年)……机器人的核心系统 ),“spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth.” 结构 ,这里“in” 可省略 ,后接动名词 。 5. allow - 词性:v. - 词义:允许;使有可能 - 语境及用法:“special materials that allow flexible movements”(能实现灵活运动的特殊材料 ),“allow” 后接名词短语 ,说明材料的作用 。 6. power - 词性:v. - 词义:给……提供动力 - 语境及用法:“Powered by a long - lasting lithium battery”(由持久的锂电池提供动力 ),这里是过去分词短语作状语 ,表被动 ,说明机器人的动力方式 。 7. test - 词性:v. - 词义:测试 - 语境及用法:“Tested 14 times with China’s advanced submarines...”(用中国先进潜水艇测试了14次…… ),过去分词短语作状语 ,表被动 ,说明机器人的测试情况 。 8. release - 词性:v. - 词义:释放;投放 - 语境及用法:“submarines released it using robotic arms...”(潜水艇用机械臂投放它…… ),描述潜水艇如何让机器人进入工作状态 。 9. collect - 词性:v. - 词义:收集 - 语境及用法:“observing it collecting sand samples”(观察它收集沙子样本 ),“observe sb./sth. doing sth.” 结构 ,表示观察到机器人正在做的动作 。 10. track - 词性:v. - 词义:追踪;跟踪 - 语境及用法:“track... and map mineral resources”(追踪……并绘制矿产资源图 ),说明机器人未来的功能 ,与“study”“map” 等动词并列 。 三、形容词类 1. lightweight - 词性:adj. - 词义:轻型的;重量轻的 - 语境及用法:“a lightweight underwater robot”(一款轻型水下机器人 ),用于描述机器人的重量特点 。 2. special - 词性:adj. - 词义:特殊的;特别的 - 语境及用法:“special materials that allow flexible movements”(能实现灵活运动的特殊材料 ),修饰“materials” ,说明材料的特性 。 3. long - lasting - 词性:adj. - 词义:持久的;耐用的 - 语境及用法:“a long - lasting lithium battery”(持久的锂电池 ),描述电池的性能特点 。 4. advanced - 词性:adj. - 词义:先进的 - 语境及用法:“China’s advanced submarines like Striver”(像“奋斗者”号这样的中国先进潜水艇 ),修饰“submarines” ,说明潜水艇的技术水平 。 5. high - definition - 词性:adj. - 词义:高清的 - 语境及用法:“high - definition cameras”(高清相机 ),修饰“cameras” ,说明相机的画质特点 。 四、副词及代词等(关联重点 ) 1. extreme - 词性:adj. (文中“at extreme depths” ,这里作形容词修饰“depths” ) - 词义:极端的;极度的 - 语境及用法:“it can work over 20 minutes at extreme depths”(它能在极端深度下工作20多分钟 ),描述机器人工作的环境深度特点 。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 初二上册英语热点时文阅读 第六周练习 第一篇 阅读理解 朝太阳飞去的宇宙飞船 语篇类型: 说明文 难度:★★★ 建议用时: 7分钟 Things are heating up for the USA’s National Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA). One of the agency’s missions is to study the Sun. In 2018, NASA sent a small research probe (探测器) to take photos of our nearest star. The spacecraft (宇宙飞船) is called the Parker Solar Probe. It made history on Christmas Eve by going closer to the Sun than any spacecraft has ever gone before. Parker flew to within 6.1 million kilometers of the Sun. Parker holds another record. It is the fastest object ever built by humans. In September 2023, it flew at a speed of 635,266 kph. At this speed, the probe could travel the 10,846 km from New York to Tokyo in just 1.025 minutes. The Parker Solar Probe is named after the astrophysicist (天体物理学家) Dr Eugene Parker. He spent most of his life studying the Sun and its solar flares. *He wanted to know why the flares, which shoot off from the Sun’s surface, are hotter than the surface. This is known as the “coronal heating problem”. It is a long - standing mystery for scientists. The temperature at the Sun’s surface is around 4,100℃; while the temperature of the corona’s flares can reach 1.1 million degrees Celsius. Scientists also hope to find out how solar winds originate (起源). NASA said Parker (the probe) has faced extreme (极端的) heat on its record - breaking fly - by. Temperatures reached a scorching 980℃. 重难点词汇 1. mission - 词性：n. - 词义：任务；使命 - 例句：One of the agency’s missions is to study the Sun.（该机构的任务之一是研究太阳 。 ） 2. probe - 词性：n. - 词义：探测器 - 例句：In 2018, NASA sent a small research probe to take photos of our nearest star.（2018年，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）发射了一个小型研究探测器，为我们最近的恒星（太阳）拍照 。 ） 3. spacecraft - 词性：n. - 词义：宇宙飞船 - 例句：The spacecraft is called the Parker Solar Probe.（这艘宇宙飞船被称为“帕克太阳探测器” 。 ） 4. surface - 词性：n. - 词义：表面 - 例句：He wanted to know why the flares, which shoot off from the Sun’s surface, are hotter than the surface.（他想知道为什么从太阳表面喷射出的耀斑比太阳表面温度更高 。 ） 5. record - 词性：n. （文中用法） - 词义：记录 - 例句：Parker holds another record.（帕克（探测器）还保持着另一项记录 。 ） 6. speed - 词性：n. - 词义：速度 - 例句：In September 2023, it flew at a speed of 635,266 kph.（2023年9月，它以每小时635266公里的速度飞行 。 ） 7. astrophysicist - 词性：n. - 词义：天体物理学家 - 例句：The Parker Solar Probe is named after the astrophysicist Dr Eugene Parker.（帕克太阳探测器是以天体物理学家尤金·帕克博士的名字命名的 。 ） 8. solar flare - 词性：n. （短语，可拆分记忆 ） - 词义：太阳耀斑 - 例句：He spent most of his life studying the Sun and its solar flares.（他一生大部分时间都在研究太阳及其太阳耀斑 。 ） 9. extreme - 词性：adj. - 词义：极端的 - 例句：NASA said Parker (the probe) has faced extreme heat on its record - breaking fly - by.（美国国家航空航天局表示，帕克（探测器）在其破纪录的飞越过程中遭遇了极端高温 。 ） 10. originate - 词性：v. - 词义：起源；发源 - 例句：Scientists also hope to find out how solar winds originate.（科学家们还希望弄清楚太阳风是如何起源的 。 ） 11. infer - 词性：v. - 词义：推断；推论 - 例句：What can we infer about the Parker Solar Probe’s mission?（关于帕克太阳探测器的任务，我们能推断出什么？ ） 题目 1.Why did NASA send the Parker Solar Probe? ◦A. To search for signs of life on the Sun’s surface. ◦B. To take photos of the Sun and study it further. ◦C. To test new spacecraft technology in deep space. ◦D. To explore faraway planets outside the solar system. 2.How close did the Parker Solar Probe get to the Sun in 2018? ◦A. Around 10,846 kilometers from the Sun. ◦B. Nearly 1,025 million kilometers from the Sun. ◦C. Just over 6 million kilometers from the Sun. ◦D. About 635,266 million kilometers from the Sun. 3.Why is the Parker Solar Probe named after Dr Eugene Parker? ◦A. He discovered the exact temperature of solar flares. ◦B. He was the first astronaut to travel close to the Sun. ◦C. He designed materials to protect the spacecraft from heat. ◦D. He spent his whole life studying the secrets of the Sun. 4.What does the underlined word “scorching” in the last paragraph mean? ◦A. Extremely hot. ◦B. Brightly shining. ◦C. Rapidly changing. ◦D. Quite dangerous. 5.What can we infer about the Parker Solar Probe’s mission? ◦A. It aims to land on the Sun’s surface. ◦B. It is studying solar flares and solar winds. ◦C. It was built to break speed records. ◦D. It will return to Earth with samples. 答案解析 第1题 - 答案：B - 解析：文中提到“In 2018, NASA sent a small research probe (探测器) to take photos of our nearest star. The spacecraft (宇宙飞船) is called the Parker Solar Probe.” ，说明NASA发射帕克太阳探测器是为了拍摄太阳的照片并进一步研究它，A选项“寻找太阳表面生命迹象”、C选项“测试深空航天器新技术”、D选项“探索太阳系外遥远行星”均未提及，所以选B 。 第2题 - 答案：C - 解析：依据“It made history on Christmas Eve by going closer to the Sun than any spacecraft has ever gone before. Parker flew to within 6.1 million kilometers of the Sun.” ，2018年帕克太阳探测器飞到距离太阳610万公里以内，“just over 6 million kilometers from the Sun”（距离太阳刚超过600万公里 ）与之相符，A、B、D选项数值错误，所以选C 。 第3题 - 答案：D - 解析：由“The Parker Solar Probe is named after the astrophysicist (天体物理学家) Dr Eugene Parker. He spent most of his life studying the Sun and its solar flares.” 可知，它以尤金·帕克博士命名是因为他一生大部分时间都在研究太阳的奥秘，A选项“发现太阳耀斑确切温度”、B选项“首位近距离接近太阳的宇航员”、C选项“设计材料保护航天器隔热”均不符合文意，所以选D 。 第4题 - 答案：A - 解析：前文提到“NASA said Parker (the probe) has faced extreme (极端的) heat on its record - breaking fly - by. Temperatures reached a scorching 980℃.” ，“extreme heat”（极端高温 ）表明“scorching”意思是“极热的”，B选项“闪闪发光的”、C选项“快速变化的”、D选项“相当危险的”不符合语境，所以选A 。 第5题 - 答案：B - 解析：文中“He spent most of his life studying the Sun and its solar flares.”以及“Scientists also hope to find out how solar winds originate (起源).” ，说明探测器的任务涉及研究太阳耀斑和太阳风，A选项“旨在登陆太阳表面”、C选项“为打破速度记录而制造”、D选项“会带回样本到地球”均未体现，所以选B 。 第二篇阅读理解 小行星在 2032 年撞击地球的几率为1% 语篇类型: 说明文 词数: 283 难度:★★★★ 建议用时: 8分钟 A newly discovered asteroid (小行星) has a tiny chance of hitting Earth in 2032, space agency officials have said. Scientists put the odds (可能性) of a strike at a little more than 1%. “We are not worried at all, because of this 99 percent chance it will miss,” said Paul Chodas, director of NASA’s Center for Near Earth Object Studies. “But it should get attention.” Last month, a telescope (望远镜) in Chile found a space rock named 2024 YR4. It is thought to be about 40 to 100 meters in diameter (直径). *Scientists are keeping close watch on the space rock, which is moving away from Earth at the moment. As the asteroid’s path around the sun becomes better understood, Chodas and others said, there’s a good chance the risk to Earth could fall to zero. The asteroid will slowly fade from view over the next few months, according to NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA). Until then, some of the world’s most powerful telescopes will keep watching it to better understand its size and path. Once out of sight, it won’t be seen again until it passes closer to Earth again in 2028. The asteroid came closest to Earth on Christmas Day—passing within about 800,000 kilometers of Earth, about twice the distance to the moon. According to the ESA, Earth is hit by an asteroid this size every few thousand years and could cause serious damage. That’s why this one now tops the ESA’s asteroid risk list. Scientists say it might hit Earth on December 22, 2032, but it’s much too soon to know where it might land if it did hit Earth. 重难点词汇 1. asteroid - 词性：n. - 词义：小行星 - 例句：A newly discovered asteroid has a tiny chance of hitting Earth in 2032...（一颗新发现的小行星在2032年撞击地球的可能性很小…… ） 2. tiny - 词性：adj. - 词义：微小的；极小的 - 例句：A newly discovered asteroid has a tiny chance of hitting Earth in 2032...（一颗新发现的小行星在2032年撞击地球的可能性极小…… ） 3. hit - 词性：v. （文中用法，过去式、过去分词同形 ） - 词义：撞击；碰撞 - 例句：A newly discovered asteroid has a tiny chance of hitting Earth in 2032...（一颗新发现的小行星在2032年撞击地球的可能性很小…… ） 4. official - 词性：n. - 词义：官员；高级职员 - 例句：...space agency officials have said.（……航天局官员表示 。 ） 5. odd - 词性：n. （常用复数形式“odds” ，表示“可能性；概率” ） - 词义：可能性；概率 - 例句：Scientists put the odds of a strike at a little more than 1%.（科学家们认为撞击的概率略高于1% 。 ） 6. strike - 词性：n. （文中用法 ） - 词义：撞击；碰撞（这里指小行星撞击地球 ） - 例句：Scientists put the odds of a strike at a little more than 1%.（科学家们认为撞击（地球）的概率略高于1% 。 ） 7. telescope - 词性：n. - 词义：望远镜 - 例句：Last month, a telescope in Chile found a space rock named 2024 YR4.（上个月，智利的一架望远镜发现了一颗名为2024 YR4的太空岩石 。 ） 8. diameter - 词性：n. - 词义：直径 - 例句：It is thought to be about 40 to 100 meters in diameter.（它的直径被认为大约在40到100米之间 。 ） 9. watch - 词性：v. （文中“keep close watch on” ，这里“watch”作名词，也可作动词，含义相关 ，此处先列动词含义 ） - 词义：观察；注视 - 例句：Scientists are keeping close watch on the space rock...（科学家们正在密切观察这颗太空岩石…… ） 10. path - 词性：n. - 词义：轨道；路径 - 例句：As the asteroid’s path around the sun becomes better understood...（随着对这颗小行星绕太阳运行轨道的了解越来越深入…… ） 11. powerful - 词性：adj. - 词义：强大的；功效大的 - 例句：...some of the world’s most powerful telescopes will keep watching it...（……世界上一些最强大的望远镜将继续观察它…… ） 12. damage - 词性：n. （文中用法 ） - 词义：损害；破坏 - 例句：...could cause serious damage.（……可能会造成严重破坏 。 ） 13. risk - 词性：n. - 词义：危险；风险 - 例句：...there’s a good chance the risk to Earth could fall to zero.（……很有可能对地球的危险会降至零 。 ） 题目 6.What does Paul Chodas mean by saying “We are not worried at all” about the asteroid? ◦A. The asteroid is too small. ◦B. Chile can watch it closely. ◦C. It will probably miss Earth. ◦D. They’re sure it won’t hit Earth. 7.What size is probably the space rock? ◦A. Car - sized. ◦B. Football field - sized. ◦C. Mountain - sized. ◦D. City - sized. 8.The meaning of the underlined word “fade” is close to “______”. ◦A. disappear ◦B. arrive ◦C. come ◦D. find 9.Why do scientists keep watching the asteroid? ◦A. To test its equipment. ◦B. To take photos of Earth. ◦C. To find the moon and stars. ◦D. To study its size and path. 10.What’s the best title for the passage? ◦A. A Christmas Close Call from Space ◦B. 1% Chance of Asteroid Hitting Earth in 2032 ◦C. Telescopes Discover a Tiny Asteroid ◦D. Scientists Watch a Dangerous Space Rock 答案解析 第1题 - 答案：C - 解析：文中提到 “We are not worried at all, because of this 99 percent chance it will miss”，意思是有99%的概率小行星会错过地球，所以不用担心，C选项 “It will probably miss Earth”（它很可能会错过地球 ）符合文意；A选项 “小行星太小”、B选项 “智利能密切观测它” 不是不担心的原因；D选项 “他们确定它不会撞击地球” 说法太绝对，文中只是说概率大，并非确定，所以选C 。 第2题 - 答案：A - 解析：文中说 “It is thought to be about 40 to 100 meters in diameter (直径)”，40 - 100米直径的物体大概和汽车大小相当（Car - sized ）；B选项 “足球场大小”、C选项 “山一样大小”、D选项 “城市一样大小” 都远远超过这个尺寸范围，所以选A 。 第3题 - 答案：A - 解析：根据 “The asteroid will slowly fade from view over the next few months... Once out of sight, it won’t be seen again until it passes closer to Earth again in 2028”，可知小行星在未来几个月会慢慢从视野中 “消失”，直到2028年再次靠近地球才会被看到，“fade” 意思接近 “disappear”（消失 ）；B选项 “到达”、C选项 “来”、D选项 “找到” 均不符合语境，所以选A 。 第4题 - 答案：D - 解析：文中提到 “some of the world’s most powerful telescopes will keep watching it to better understand its size and path”，说明科学家持续观测小行星是为了更好地了解它的大小和运行轨道，D选项 “To study its size and path”（为了研究它的大小和轨道 ）正确；A选项 “测试设备”、B选项 “给地球拍照”、C选项 “寻找月球和星星” 均不是观测目的，所以选D 。 第5题 - 答案：B - 解析：文章主要围绕新发现的小行星有1%的概率在2032年撞击地球展开，包括其发现、大小、科学家的观测及风险等内容，B选项 “1% Chance of Asteroid Hitting Earth in 2032”（小行星在2032年撞击地球有1%的可能性 ）能准确概括主旨；A选项 “来自太空的圣诞险情” 只是文中提到的一个细节；C选项 “望远镜发现一颗小行星” 没有突出撞击地球的风险这一核心内容；D选项 “科学家观测危险的太空岩石” 表述太笼统，没有体现关键的撞击概率等信息，所以选B 。 第三篇阅读理解 日本用新型H3火箭发射导航卫星 语篇类型: 新闻报道 词数: 238 难度:★★★★ 建议用时: 7分钟 On February 2, Japan’s space agency, JAXA, successfully launched a navigation (导航) satellite called Michibiki 6 using its new H3 rocket. The rocket lifted off from the Tanegashima Space Center in Japan. The launch went successfully, and the satellite separated from the rocket about 29 minutes after liftoff. Officials said it would reach its target orbit (目标轨道) in about two weeks. *Japan already has a navigation system called QZSS, which has four satellites. Michibiki 6 will be the fifth. These satellites help improve GPS signals for smartphones, drones, and navigation for cars and ships. Japan plans to launch two more satellites by March 2026 to have a seven - satellite system. This will make their navigation system more accurate and less dependent on foreign services like the US GPS. By the late 2030s, Japan hopes to have an 11 - satellite network. Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba said the government will work to make the navigation system more useful for people. This launch was put off by one day because of bad weather. It was the fourth successful flight for the H3 rocket. Last year, the first H3 launch failed, but now it is doing well. Japan is developing the H3 rocket and a smaller Epsilon rocket to meet different customer needs in the satellite launch market. This will help Japan improve its position in space programs and national security (安全). 重难点词汇 1. launch - 词性：v. - 词义：发射 - 例句：On February 2, Japan’s space agency, JAXA, successfully launched a navigation satellite called Michibiki 6 using its new H3 rocket.（2月2日，日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）用其新型H3火箭成功发射了一颗名为“ Michibiki 6 ”的导航卫星 。 ） 2. navigation - 词性：n. - 词义：导航 - 例句：On February 2, Japan’s space agency, JAXA, successfully launched a navigation satellite called Michibiki 6 using its new H3 rocket.（2月2日，日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）用其新型H3火箭成功发射了一颗名为“ Michibiki 6 ”的导航卫星 。 ） 3. satellite - 词性：n. - 词义：卫星 - 例句：On February 2, Japan’s space agency, JAXA, successfully launched a navigation satellite called Michibiki 6 using its new H3 rocket.（2月2日，日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）用其新型H3火箭成功发射了一颗名为“ Michibiki 6 ”的导航卫星 。 ） 4. lift off - 词性：动词短语 - 词义：（火箭等）发射；升空 - 例句：The rocket lifted off from the Tanegashima Space Center in Japan.（火箭从日本种子岛宇宙中心发射升空 。 ） 5. separate - 词性：v. - 词义：分离；分开 - 例句：The launch went successfully, and the satellite separated from the rocket about 29 minutes after liftoff.（发射顺利进行，卫星在发射约29分钟后与火箭分离 。 ） 6. orbit - 词性：n. - 词义：轨道 - 例句：Officials said it would reach its target orbit in about two weeks.（官员们表示，它将在大约两周后到达目标轨道 。 ） 7. accurate - 词性：adj. - 词义：精确的；准确的 - 例句：This will make their navigation system more accurate and less dependent on foreign services like the US GPS.（这将使他们的导航系统更精确，减少对美国GPS等外国服务的依赖 。 ） 8. dependent - 词性：adj. - 词义：依赖的；依靠的 - 例句：This will make their navigation system more accurate and less dependent on foreign services like the US GPS.（这将使他们的导航系统更精确，减少对美国GPS等外国服务的依赖 。 ） 9. put off - 词性：动词短语 - 词义：推迟；延迟 - 例句：This launch was put off by one day because of bad weather.（由于天气恶劣，这次发射推迟了一天 。 ） 10. fail - 词性：v. - 词义：失败 - 例句：Last year, the first H3 launch failed, but now it is doing well.（去年，首次H3火箭发射失败，但现在情况良好 。 ） 11. develop - 词性：v. - 词义：开发；研制 - 例句：Japan is developing the H3 rocket and a smaller Epsilon rocket...（日本正在开发H3火箭和更小的Epsilon火箭…… ） 12. security - 词性：n. - 词义：安全 - 例句：This will help Japan improve its position in space programs and national security.（这将有助于日本提升其在太空项目和国家安全方面的地位 。 ） 题目 11.When did Michibiki 6 separate from the H3 rocket? ◦A. Two weeks after the launch. ◦B. Right after it started going up. ◦C. About half an hour after liftoff. ◦D. When it reached its target orbit. 12.What is the main use of Michibiki 6 and other satellites in QZSS? ◦A. To tell Japan what the weather will be like. ◦B. To improve GPS signals for different devices. ◦C. To communicate with other countries’ satellites. ◦D. To send signals to the International Space Station. 13.How many more satellites does Japan hope to launch by the late 2030s? ◦A. Two. ◦B. Three. ◦C. Five. ◦D. Six. 14.What can we infer from the passage about the H3 rocket? ◦A. It has never failed. ◦B. Its first launch was very successful. ◦C. It has been launched successfully four times. ◦D. It is only used for launching navigation satellites. 15.This passage is most likely taken from ______. ◦A. a fashion magazine ◦B. a travel book ◦C. a novel ◦D. a science and technology news website 答案解析 第1题 - 答案：C - 解析：文中提到 “the satellite separated from the rocket about 29 minutes after liftoff” ，29分钟接近半小时（about half an hour ），A选项 “发射后两周”、B选项 “刚升空后”、D选项 “到达目标轨道时” 均不符合，所以选C 。 第2题 - 答案：B - 解析：依据 “These satellites help improve GPS signals for smartphones, drones, and navigation for cars and ships” ，可知这些卫星（包括Michibiki 6 ）的主要作用是为不同设备增强GPS信号，A选项 “预报日本天气”、C选项 “与其他国家卫星通信”、D选项 “向国际空间站发送信号” 均未提及，所以选B 。 第3题 - 答案：D - 解析：文中说 “Japan already has a navigation system called QZSS, which has four satellites. Michibiki 6 will be the fifth... By the late 2030s, Japan hopes to have an 11 - satellite network” ，现有4颗，计划到2030年代末有11颗，所以还需发射11 - 5 = 6颗，A、B、C选项数量错误，选D 。 第4题 - 答案：C - 解析：从 “It was the fourth successful flight for the H3 rocket. Last year, the first H3 launch failed, but now it is doing well” 可知，H3火箭已成功发射4次，A选项 “从未失败” 错误（首次发射失败 ）；B选项 “首次发射很成功” 错误；D选项 “仅用于发射导航卫星” 文中未体现，所以选C 。 第5题 - 答案：D - 解析：文章主要讲日本航天科技相关内容，如发射导航卫星、火箭发展等，属于科技新闻范畴，A选项 “时尚杂志”、B选项 “旅游书籍”、C选项 “小说” 均不符合，所以选D ，来自科技新闻网站 。 第四篇任务型阅读 “出差”9个月!美国宇航员终回地球 语篇类型: 新闻报道 词数: 216 难度:★★★★ 建议用时: 7分钟 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 On March 18, NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams returned to Earth after spending nine months in space. Their SpaceX capsule (太空舱) landed safely in the Gulf of Mexico near the coast of Florida. 1They had launched on Boeing’s new Starliner spacecraft on June 5, but technical problems forced NASA to bring the Starliner back empty. The astronauts then moved to a SpaceX capsule, which put off their return until February. Later, another issue (问题) with the SpaceX capsule added one more month to their stay in space. Finally, on March 16, a new crew arrived at the International Space Station, allowing Wilmore and Williams to come home. 2 —Nick Hague from NASA and Alexander Gorbunov from Russia—who arrived in a different SpaceX capsule last year. 3 —much longer than planned. They orbited Earth 4,576 times and traveled 195 million kilometers. 4.Hague, the capsule’s commander, smiled and said, “What a ride!” Outside the capsule, divers checked the spacecraft while dolphins swam nearby. 5. *NASA will continue using SpaceX and Boeing to send astronauts until 2030, when the International Space Station is expected to retire (退役). After that, private space stations will take over, allowing NASA to focus on moon and Mars expeditions (探索任务). 重难点词汇 1. astronaut - 词性：n. - 词义：宇航员；航天员 - 语境：“NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams returned to Earth...”（美国国家航空航天局宇航员布奇·威尔莫尔和苏妮·威廉姆斯返回地球…… ） 2. capsule - 词性：n. - 词义：太空舱 - 语境：“Their SpaceX capsule landed safely in the Gulf of Mexico...”（他们的SpaceX太空舱安全降落在墨西哥湾…… ） 3. launch - 词性：v. - 词义：发射 - 语境：“They had launched on Boeing’s new Starliner spacecraft on June 5...”（他们于6月5日乘坐波音公司的新型“星际客机”飞船发射升空…… ） 4. technical - 词性：adj. - 词义：技术的；工艺的 - 语境：“...but technical problems forced NASA to bring the Starliner back empty.”（……但技术问题迫使美国国家航空航天局让“星际客机”空舱返回 。 ） 5. issue - 词性：n. - 词义：问题；担忧 - 语境：“Later, another issue with the SpaceX capsule added one more month to their stay in space.”（后来，SpaceX太空舱出现的另一个问题使他们在太空的停留时间又增加了一个月 。 ） 6. crew - 词性：n. - 词义：（轮船、飞机等上的）全体工作人员；（尤指）机组人员，乘务组 - 语境：“Finally, on March 16, a new crew arrived at the International Space Station...”（最终，在3月16日，一组新的机组人员抵达国际空间站…… ） 7. orbit - 词性：v. - 词义：绕……运行；环绕……运动 - 语境：“They orbited Earth 4,576 times and traveled 195 million kilometers.”（他们绕地球运行了4576圈，飞行了1.95亿公里 。 ） 8. commander - 词性：n. - 词义：指挥官；长官 - 语境：“Hague, the capsule’s commander, smiled and said, ‘What a ride!’”（太空舱指挥官黑格微笑着说：“多么美妙的旅程啊！” ） 9. retire - 词性：v. - 词义：（使）退休；（因陈旧、破损等）停止使用 - 语境：“...when the International Space Station is expected to retire.”（……届时国际空间站预计将停止使用 。 ） 10. expedition - 词性：n. - 词义：探险；远征 - 语境：“...allowing NASA to focus on moon and Mars expeditions.”（……让美国国家航空航天局能够专注于月球和火星探险任务 。 ） 选项 A. They returned with two other astronauts B. The astronauts were then helped out one by one C. In total, Wilmore and Williams spent 286 days in space D. In the beginning, their mission was planned to last only one week E. When their capsule landed, SpaceX Mission Control in California welcomed them back 答案解析 第1空 - 答案：D - 解析：后文讲述任务因技术问题等多次延迟，与 “In the beginning, their mission was planned to last only one week”（起初，他们的任务计划仅持续一周 ）形成对比，说明任务时长变化，A、B、C、E选项无法引出后续任务延迟内容，所以选D 。 第2空 - 答案：A - 解析：破折号后 “Nick Hague from NASA and Alexander Gorbunov from Russia” 是另外两名宇航员，与 “They returned with two other astronauts”（他们和另外两名宇航员一起返回 ）对应，B、C、D、E选项不能衔接破折号后内容，所以选A 。 第3空 - 答案：C - 解析：“—much longer than planned” 是对太空停留时长的补充，“In total, Wilmore and Williams spent 286 days in space”（威尔莫尔和威廉姆斯在太空总共度过了286天 ）体现了时长，且与后文 “orbited Earth 4,576 times and traveled 195 million kilometers” 共同说明任务情况，A、B、D、E选项无法体现时长，所以选C 。 第4空 - 答案：E - 解析：后文 “Hague, the capsule’s commander, smiled and said, ‘What a ride!’” 是宇航员的反应，“When their capsule landed, SpaceX Mission Control in California welcomed them back”（当他们的太空舱着陆时，加利福尼亚州的SpaceX任务控制中心欢迎他们回来 ）能引出宇航员的回应，A、B、C、D选项无法衔接，所以选E 。 第5空 - 答案：B - 解析：前文 “divers checked the spacecraft while dolphins swam nearby” 描述太空舱外情况，“The astronauts were then helped out one by one”（宇航员们随后被逐一协助出舱 ）是后续动作，A、C、D、E选项不符合此处逻辑，所以选B 。 第五篇 完形填空 中国“人造太阳”再获突破 语篇类型: 新闻报道 词数: 230 难度:★★★★★ 建议用时: 8分钟 China’s “Artificial Sun”, EAST, is a special machine that studies atomic fusion (原子聚变) to make clean energy. On January 20, 2025, scientists 1 super - hot gas (超高温气体) inside EAST working for 17 minutes and 46 seconds at temperatures of over 100 million degrees Celsius. This 2 EAST’s 2021 record of 17 minutes and 36 seconds. In 2023, EAST kept this gas stable (稳定的) for 6.7 minutes at 160 million degrees Celsius. Though the 2025 temperature isn’t shared, it helps us learn how to use fusion for 3. Stars like the Sun use fusion too, 4 their centers are about only 15 million degrees Celsius. Stars use gravity (重力) to press atoms together. On Earth, we need 5 heat and longer time to make energy. Dr Song Yuntao, a project leader, said future energy machines must run for hours to 6 steady (稳定的) power. China works with the ITER (国际能源计划), a global team 7 the US, Japan, and Europe. ITER 8 to build a bigger fusion machine by 2034. EAST and other small machines help improve ITER’s design. *Even though ITER’s test was put off to 2034, EAST’s success gives 9. Fusion energy could replace coal and oil, giving us clean power forever. After 2030, China wants to build its own fusion machines. As Dr Song said, “Stable gas is the 10 to our future lights.” 重难点词汇 名词 1. machine - 词义：机器 - 语境：“China’s ‘Artificial Sun’, EAST, is a special machine that studies atomic fusion...”（中国的“人造太阳”EAST是一台研究原子聚变的特殊机器…… ） 2. energy - 词义：能源；能量 - 语境：“...to make clean energy.”（……以制造清洁能源 ）；“it helps us learn how to use fusion for energy.”（它帮助我们学习如何利用聚变获取能源 ） 3. record - 词义：记录 - 语境：“This broke EAST’s 2021 record of 17 minutes and 36 seconds.”（这打破了EAST在2021年创下的17分36秒的记录 ） 4. gravity - 词义：重力 - 语境：“Stars use gravity to press atoms together.”（恒星利用重力将原子挤压在一起 ） 5. power - 词义：电力；动力 - 语境：“...future energy machines must run for hours to make steady power.”（……未来的能源机器必须运行数小时以产生稳定电力 ） 6. team - 词义：团队 - 语境：“China works with the ITER, a global team including the US, Japan, and Europe.”（中国与国际热核聚变实验堆（ITER）合作，这是一个包括美国、日本和欧洲在内的全球团队 ） 7. hope - 词义：希望 - 语境：“EAST’s success gives hope.”（EAST的成功带来了希望 ） 8. key - 词义：关键；钥匙 - 语境：“Stable gas is the key to our future lights.”（稳定的气体是我们未来光明的关键 ） 动词 1. keep - 词义：使保持（某种状态） ，文中“kept super - hot gas inside EAST working...”表示让超高温气体在EAST内部保持运作状态 - 语境：“scientists kept super - hot gas inside EAST working for 17 minutes and 46 seconds...”（科学家们让EAST内部的超高温气体持续运作了17分46秒…… ） 2. break - 词义：打破（记录等） - 语境：“This broke EAST’s 2021 record...”（这打破了EAST在2021年的记录…… ） 3. use - 词义：使用 - 语境：“it helps us learn how to use fusion for energy.”（它帮助我们学习如何利用聚变获取能源 ） 4. press - 词义：挤压 - 语境：“Stars use gravity to press atoms together.”（恒星利用重力将原子挤压在一起 ） 5. make - 词义：制造；产生 ，文中“make steady power”表示产生稳定电力 - 语境：“...future energy machines must run for hours to make steady power.”（……未来的能源机器必须运行数小时以产生稳定电力 ） 6. include - 词义：包括 - 语境：“...a global team including the US, Japan, and Europe.”（……一个包括美国、日本和欧洲在内的全球团队 ） 7. plan - 词义：计划 - 语境：“ITER plans to build a bigger fusion machine by 2034.”（国际热核聚变实验堆计划到2034年建造一台更大的聚变机器 ） 8. give - 词义：给予 - 语境：“EAST’s success gives hope.”（EAST的成功带来了希望 ） 形容词 1. super - hot - 词义：超热的；极热的 - 语境：“scientists kept super - hot gas inside EAST working...”（科学家们让EAST内部的超高温气体持续运作…… ） 2. stable - 词义：稳定的 - 语境：“EAST kept this gas stable for 6.7 minutes...”（EAST使这种气体稳定了6.7分钟…… ）；“Stable gas is the key to our future lights.”（稳定的气体是我们未来光明的关键 ） 3. steady - 词义：稳定的 - 语境：“...future energy machines must run for hours to make steady power.”（……未来的能源机器必须运行数小时以产生稳定电力 ） 4. global - 词义：全球的 - 语境：“...a global team including the US, Japan, and Europe.”（……一个包括美国、日本和欧洲在内的全球团队 ） 5. different - 词义：不同的（文中虽未直接出现该词，但“higher heat”等体现与恒星条件不同 ，可关联理解 ） ，文中“On Earth, we need higher heat...”体现地球与恒星内部条件不同，间接涉及“不同的”概念 - 语境：“On Earth, we need higher heat and longer time to make energy.”（在地球上，我们需要更高的温度和更长的时间来产生能源 ） 连词 1. though - 词义：尽管；虽然 - 语境：“Stars like the Sun use fusion too, though their centers are about only 15 million degrees Celsius.”（像太阳这样的恒星也利用聚变，尽管它们的中心温度只有约1500万摄氏度 ） 2. but - 词义：但是（文中未直接考查，不过从句子逻辑可关联，比如“Stars like the Sun use fusion too, though their centers are about only 15 million degrees Celsius. On Earth, we need higher heat and longer time to make energy.” 体现地球和恒星条件差异，隐含转折 ，这里主要是梳理词汇，该词常见且重要 ） - 可联想语境：用于连接前后有转折关系的内容，比如假设“恒星聚变条件简单，但地球聚变条件复杂”这样的逻辑（文中虽未用but连接此内容，但属于常见逻辑连词 ） 题目 1.A. kept B. stopped C. noticed D. remembered 2.A. wrote B. broke C. carried D. set 3.A. chance B. energy C. wind D. sunlight 4.A. though B. if C. so D. but 5.A. lower B. higher C. cheaper D. lighter 6.A. catch B. use C. make D. study 7.A. adding B. including C. carrying D. holding 8.A. learns B. refuses C. stops D. plans 9.A. hope B. health C. help D. money 10.A. price B. key C. door D. window 答案解析 第1题 - 答案：A - 解析：“kept super - hot gas inside EAST working...” 表示让EAST内部的超高温气体保持运作状态，符合语境，即2025年1月20日，科学家让EAST内部超高温气体在特定条件下运作了一定时长；“stopped”（停止 ）、“noticed”（注意到 ）、“remembered”（记得 ）均不符合文意，所以选A 。 第2题 - 答案：B - 解析：2025年的时长（17分46秒 ）打破了2021年（17分36秒 ）的记录，“broke” 有 “打破（记录等 ）” 之意；“wrote”（写 ）、“carried”（携带 ）、“set”（设置；树立 ，常表首次创造记录 ，这里是打破之前记录 ）不符合，所以选B 。 第3题 - 答案：B - 解析：文章围绕EAST研究原子聚变以获取清洁能源展开，“use fusion for energy” 表示利用聚变获取能源，符合语境；“chance”（机会 ）、“wind”（风 ）、“sunlight”（阳光 ）均与利用聚变的目的无关，所以选B 。 第4题 - 答案：D - 解析：“Stars like the Sun use fusion too”（像太阳这样的恒星也利用聚变 ）与 “their centers are about only 15 million degrees Celsius”（它们的中心温度只有约1500万摄氏度 ）是转折关系，“but” 表转折；“though”（尽管 ，引导让步状语从句 ，位置常不同 ）、“if”（如果 ，表条件 ）、“so”（所以 ，表结果 ）不符合逻辑，所以选D 。 第5题 - 答案：B - 解析：前文提到恒星利用重力使原子聚合，在地球上，要产生能源需要 “更高的” 温度和更长时间，“higher” 符合语境；“lower”（更低的 ）、“cheaper”（更便宜的 ，修饰价格 ，这里修饰温度不合适 ）、“lighter”（更轻的 ）不符合，所以选B 。 第6题 - 答案：C - 解析：“make steady power” 表示产生稳定电力，未来能源机器必须运行数小时来产生稳定电力，符合文意；“catch”（捕捉 ）、“use”（使用 ）、“study”（研究 ）均不是机器运行的目的，所以选C 。 第7题 - 答案：B - 解析：“a global team including the US, Japan, and Europe” 表示包括美国、日本和欧洲在内的全球团队，“including” 是 “包括” 之意；“adding”（添加 ）、“carrying”（携带 ）、“holding”（持有；举办 ）不符合，所以选B 。 第8题 - 答案：D - 解析：“ITER plans to build a bigger fusion machine by 2034” 表示国际热核聚变实验堆（ITER ）计划到2034年建造一台更大的聚变机器，“plans” 是 “计划” 之意；“learns”（学习 ）、“refuses”（拒绝 ）、“stops”（停止 ）不符合，所以选D 。 第9题 - 答案：A - 解析：尽管ITER的测试推迟到2034年，但EAST的成功带来了 “希望”，“hope” 符合语境；“health”（健康 ）、“help”（帮助 ）、“money”（金钱 ）不符合，所以选A 。 第10题 - 答案：B - 解析：“Stable gas is the key to our future lights” 表示稳定的气体是我们未来光明的 “关键”，“key” 有 “关键；钥匙” 之意；“price”（价格 ）、“door”（门 ）、“window”（窗户 ）不符合，所以选B 。 第六篇 短文填空 中国迷你机器人探索马里亚纳海沟 语篇类型: 新闻报道 词数: 238 难度:★★★★ 建议用时: 7分钟 从方框中选出合适的单词并用其适当形式填空。 create explore pollute environment kilogram this it long deep reach Chinese scientists have developed a lightweight underwater robot to explore the Mariana Trench, the 1 part of the oceans. Weighing just 2.7 2 and 50 cm long, this robot was designed by Beihang University researchers led by Professor Wen Li. Their work, reported in a top science journal in March 2025, shows China’s progress in deep - sea technology. The team spent two years (2019—2021) 3 the robot’s core system. * 4 key innovation (创新) is a tiny 16 - gram “muscle” made of special materials (超材料) that allow flexible movements. “ 5 materials let the robot swim like a fish and crawl on the seafloor,” explained Zuo Zonghao, a team scientist. Powered by a long - lasting lithium battery (锂电池), it can work over 20 minutes at extreme depths. Tested 14 times with China’s advanced submarines (潜水艇) like Striver, the robot set a record in 2021 by 6 10,666 meters in the Mariana Trench. During these missions, submarines released it using robotic arms 7 areas humans cannot reach. Researchers observed it collecting sand samples (样本) and taking photos of unknown sea creatures. Future progress will add scientific tools like high - definition cameras and 8 sensors (传感器). These devices will help to study underwater volcanoes, track 9 , and map mineral resources. Scientists also plan to build a larger version for 10 missions. “Such robots could protect coral reefs or discover ancient shipwrecks,” Zuo said, highlighting their potential in marine research and conservation. 重难点词汇 一、名词类 1. robot - 词性：n. - 词义：机器人 - 语境及用法：“Chinese scientists have developed a lightweight underwater robot...”（中国科学家研发了一款轻型水下机器人…… ），在文中作为核心事物，贯穿全文描述其研发、功能等 。 2. Trench（Mariana Trench ） - 词性：n. - 词义：海沟（这里指马里亚纳海沟 ） - 语境及用法：“to explore the Mariana Trench, the... part of the oceans”（去探索马里亚纳海沟，海洋的……部分 ），是机器人探索的对象，地理专有名词 。 3. kilogram - 词性：n. - 词义：千克；公斤 - 语境及用法：“Weighing just 2.7... and 50 cm long”（重量仅为2.7…… ，长50厘米 ），用于描述机器人重量，是重量单位 。 4. innovation - 词性：n. - 词义：创新；革新 - 语境及用法：“... key innovation is a tiny 16 - gram ‘muscle’...”（……关键创新是一个16克重的小“肌肉”…… ），指机器人研发中的创新点 。 5. material - 词性：n. - 词义：材料 - 语境及用法：“made of special materials that allow flexible movements”（由能实现灵活运动的特殊材料制成 ），说明机器人部件的制作材质 。 6. battery - 词性：n. - 词义：电池 - 语境及用法：“Powered by a long - lasting lithium battery”（由持久的锂电池提供动力 ），是机器人的动力来源 。 7. submarine - 词性：n. - 词义：潜水艇 - 语境及用法：“Tested 14 times with China’s advanced submarines like Striver”（用像“奋斗者”号这样的中国先进潜水艇进行了14次测试 ），是测试机器人的设备 。 8. sensor - 词性：n. - 词义：传感器 - 语境及用法：“add scientific tools like high - definition cameras and... sensors”（添加如高清相机和……传感器这样的科学工具 ），是未来为机器人配备的设备 。 9. volcano（underwater volcanoes ） - 词性：n. - 词义：火山（这里指水下火山 ） - 语境及用法：“help to study underwater volcanoes”（帮助研究水下火山 ），是机器人未来研究的对象之一 。 10. mission - 词性：n. - 词义：任务 - 语境及用法：“Scientists also plan to build a larger version for... missions”（科学家们还计划建造一个更大版本用于……任务 ），指机器人执行的探索等任务 。 二、动词类 1. explore - 词性：v. - 词义：探索 - 语境及用法：“to explore the Mariana Trench”（去探索马里亚纳海沟 ），是机器人的主要功能动作 ，文中用其不定式形式表目的 。 2. design - 词性：v. - 词义：设计 - 语境及用法：“this robot was designed by Beihang University researchers”（这款机器人由北京航空航天大学的研究人员设计 ），说明机器人的来源 ，被动语态用法 。 3. create - 词性：v. - 词义：创造；创建 （文中虽未直接出现，但从“develop a lightweight underwater robot” 可关联研发包含创造过程 ，且从词汇角度，该词与研发相关 ，这里梳理常见重点 ） - 可联想语境：比如“create a new robot design”（创造新的机器人设计 ），不过文中是“develop” ，但“create” 属于同话题常用动词 。 4. spend - 词性：v. - 词义：花费（时间、金钱等 ） - 语境及用法：“The team spent two years (2019—2021)... the robot’s core system”（该团队花费两年时间（2019 - 2021年）……机器人的核心系统 ），“spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth.” 结构 ，这里“in” 可省略 ，后接动名词 。 5. allow - 词性：v. - 词义：允许；使有可能 - 语境及用法：“special materials that allow flexible movements”（能实现灵活运动的特殊材料 ），“allow” 后接名词短语 ，说明材料的作用 。 6. power - 词性：v. - 词义：给……提供动力 - 语境及用法：“Powered by a long - lasting lithium battery”（由持久的锂电池提供动力 ），这里是过去分词短语作状语 ，表被动 ，说明机器人的动力方式 。 7. test - 词性：v. - 词义：测试 - 语境及用法：“Tested 14 times with China’s advanced submarines...”（用中国先进潜水艇测试了14次…… ），过去分词短语作状语 ，表被动 ，说明机器人的测试情况 。 8. release - 词性：v. - 词义：释放；投放 - 语境及用法：“submarines released it using robotic arms...”（潜水艇用机械臂投放它…… ），描述潜水艇如何让机器人进入工作状态 。 9. collect - 词性：v. - 词义：收集 - 语境及用法：“observing it collecting sand samples”（观察它收集沙子样本 ），“observe sb./sth. doing sth.” 结构 ，表示观察到机器人正在做的动作 。 10. track - 词性：v. - 词义：追踪；跟踪 - 语境及用法：“track... and map mineral resources”（追踪……并绘制矿产资源图 ），说明机器人未来的功能 ，与“study”“map” 等动词并列 。 三、形容词类 1. lightweight - 词性：adj. - 词义：轻型的；重量轻的 - 语境及用法：“a lightweight underwater robot”（一款轻型水下机器人 ），用于描述机器人的重量特点 。 2. special - 词性：adj. - 词义：特殊的；特别的 - 语境及用法：“special materials that allow flexible movements”（能实现灵活运动的特殊材料 ），修饰“materials” ，说明材料的特性 。 3. long - lasting - 词性：adj. - 词义：持久的；耐用的 - 语境及用法：“a long - lasting lithium battery”（持久的锂电池 ），描述电池的性能特点 。 4. advanced - 词性：adj. - 词义：先进的 - 语境及用法：“China’s advanced submarines like Striver”（像“奋斗者”号这样的中国先进潜水艇 ），修饰“submarines” ，说明潜水艇的技术水平 。 5. high - definition - 词性：adj. - 词义：高清的 - 语境及用法：“high - definition cameras”（高清相机 ），修饰“cameras” ，说明相机的画质特点 。 四、副词及代词等（关联重点 ） 1. extreme - 词性：adj. （文中“at extreme depths” ，这里作形容词修饰“depths” ） - 词义：极端的；极度的 - 语境及用法：“it can work over 20 minutes at extreme depths”（它能在极端深度下工作20多分钟 ），描述机器人工作的环境深度特点 。 答案解析 第1空 - 答案：deepest - 解析：马里亚纳海沟是海洋 “最深的” 部分，“deep” 的最高级 “deepest” 符合语境，修饰 “part” ，所以填deepest 。 第2空 - 答案：kilograms - 解析：“2.7” 后接重量单位，“kilogram” 是 “千克” ，这里用复数形式 “kilograms” ，表示机器人重2.7千克，所以填kilograms 。 第3空 - 答案：creating - 解析：“spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth.” 是固定结构，意为 “花费时间做某事” ，这里表示团队花费两年（2019 - 2021年 ）创造机器人的核心系统，“create” 的动名词形式 “creating” 符合，所以填creating 。 第4空 - 答案：Its - 解析：这里指机器人的关键创新，用形容词性物主代词 “Its”（它的 ）修饰 “key innovation” ，句首首字母大写，所以填Its 。 第5空 - 答案：These - 解析：指代前文提到的 “special materials” ，用 “These”（这些 ），句首首字母大写，所以填These 。 第6空 - 答案：reaching - 解析：“by” 是介词，后接动名词，“reach” 表示 “到达” ，这里指机器人在2021年创造了到达马里亚纳海沟10666米深度的记录，“reach” 的动名词形式 “reaching” 符合，所以填reaching 。 第7空 - 答案：to explore - 解析：“use sth. to do sth.” 是固定用法，意为 “用某物做某事” ，这里表示潜水艇用机械臂投放机器人去探索人类无法到达的区域，“explore”（探索 ）符合，所以填to explore 。 第8空 - 答案：environmental - 解析：修饰 “sensors”（传感器 ），用形容词，“environment” 的形容词形式 “environmental”（环境的 ），表示环境传感器，所以填environmental 。 第9空 - 答案：pollution - 解析：“track”（追踪 ）后接名词，“pollute” 的名词形式 “pollution”（污染 ），表示追踪污染，所以填pollution 。 第10空 - 答案：longer - 解析：“a larger version”（更大版本 ）暗示是用于 “更长的” 任务，“long” 的比较级 “longer” 符合语境，所以填longer 。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$