专题4.4 主谓一致和特殊句式（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）2026届高考英语一轮复习【语法核心突破·精讲精练】

专题4.4　主谓一致和特殊句式 2026届高考英语一轮复习 【语法核心突破•精讲精练】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2025年高考真题 2. 考点精析 3. 书面表达中主谓一致和特殊句式易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(主谓一致和特殊句式专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 考向1　主谓一致 考向2　特殊句式 主谓一致的核心考点 倒装句的核心考点 强调句的核心考点 省略句的核心考点 其它句式的核心考点 考向1　主谓一致 单句语法填空 1.重温高考真题 1. (2025年全国高考英语I卷)A decent winner always       (try) to beat the opponent       (by) no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 tries 2. (2025年全国高考英语II卷)The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes           (be) one of them. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 is 3. (2025年高考英语浙江1月卷)The concept  (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜—几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装—但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。 is 4. (2025年高考英语北京卷)Usually, better outcomes ____ ____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 are achieved 5. (2024年新课标高考I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ______ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for __ (the) first time. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 walks 6. (2024年新课标高考II卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about  (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways  (to) Romeo and Juliet. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 were 7. (2024年全国高考英语甲卷)They ______ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 were 8. (2024年1月浙江高考英语)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ___ (designed) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【解析】考查谓语时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始出售包装好的鸡或沙拉，这些包装分为两半，分别含有不同的分量。分析句子结构可知，空白处应为谓语动词，句首有时间状语 Over the last two years，而且主语是复数形式，故填现在完成时 have started。 have started 9. (2024年高考英语北京卷)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and         (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps一起作并列谓语。故填gives。 gives 10. (2023年高考英语北京卷)For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China         (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 has established 11. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _____ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 were 12. (2022·新高考全国II卷) Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：Henry正在修车，这时他听到尖叫声。这是一个“sb. be doing sth.when...”句型，表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时,主语Henry是第三人称单数，所以系动词用was。故用was fixing。 was fixing 13. (2022·浙江卷1月) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _________________________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：科学家们经常乘飞机参加会议、讲座、研讨会等，这被认为对于他们聚集和交流信息很重要。根据句子结构来判断，句子中是一个动名词做主语，一般判断为单数。根据全文时态看，这里用一般现在时或现在完成时均可。故填is viewed / has been viewed。 is viewed / has been viewed 14. (2022·浙江卷1月) But Cobb and others _____ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：但科布和其他人现在质疑这一想法，推动会议提供更多的远程参与机会，并改变他们的个人行为，尽自己的一份力量应对气候危机。句中主语是Cobb and others，为复数。另外，句中有时间状语now，用现在时，和questioning一起构成现在进行时。故填are。 are 15. (2021·全国I卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it _____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：你忍不住会想，当时的人们把那些石头都放好是多么困难。句中主语是it，为单数。另外，句中有时间状语then，用过去时。故填was。 was 16. (2021·全国II卷) One of the biggest companies I wrote to _____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知，这里描述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；在“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数。故填was。 was 17. (2021·浙江卷6月) It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它不像波托马克河畔乔治·华盛顿的种植园那样令人印象深刻，但自向公众开放以来，参观林肯位于伊利诺伊斯普林菲尔德市中心的故居的游客一直络绎不绝。根据句子结构分析，第二个分句中的主语是Lincoln’s home，表示单数。另外句中有since引导的时间状语从句，用完成时。故填has proved。 has proved 18. (2021·浙江卷6月) Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home __________ (paint) white. ” 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。句意：玛丽的侄女写道: “这个小家被漆成了白色。”句子主语是表物的单数名词，又用于直接引语中，用现在时态。故填is painted。 is painted 19. (2021·浙江卷1月) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (consider) healthy. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：通过将一个人的体重(千克)除以身高(米)的平方来计算，体质指数在19到25之间被认为是健康的。本句中的主语是单数名词a BMI，表物。再根据上文的时态判断，用现在时。故填is considered。 is considered 20. (2021·浙江卷1月) In cities, however, the gain _____ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，在城市中，女性的增长率为1.3，男性的增长率为1.6。本句上文中的那一句中有时间状语between 1985 and 2017，因此这个句子中也应用过去时态。故填was。 was 21. (2020·全国I卷) The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。句意：博物馆向公众开放的部分称为画廊或画室。句中的主语是表物的名词parts，是一个复数形式。故填are called。 are called 22. (2020·全国I卷) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ____ (be) on display. 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：通常，博物馆的藏品只有一小部分在展出。句子中的主语是a small part，为单数。根据本句的上文可知，时态为现在时。故填is。 is 23. (2020·全国II卷) Because the number of possible topics _____ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：因为可能的话题数量实际上是无限的，所以我们专注于最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具样本，并解释技术的基本原理。“the number of+可数名词的复数”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式，由于时态是一般现在时，所以填is。 is 24. (2020·浙江卷6月) And, as more children were born, more food ____________ (need), agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives. 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。句意：随着越来越多的孩子出生，需要更多的食物，农业让人们第一次体验到了技术改变生活的力量。根据句子结构分析，此空应该和前一句保持一致，用被动形式。另外，more food是不可数名词，谓语用单数。故填was needed。 was needed 25. (2020·浙江卷1月) The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 ____ (be) 30 -- today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050. 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。句意：1950年美国人的中位年龄是30岁——今天是41岁，预计到2050年将增至42岁。根据句子结构分析，句子主语是The median age，单数形式。再根据下文的时态判断，应用现在时态。故填is。 is 考向2　特殊句式 单句语法填空 1.（2025·湖北襄阳·模拟预测）___ was here that he wrote many of his best poems, such as Reflections on the Ancient Red Cliff-To the Tune of Nian Nu Jiao (《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》). 【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是在这里，他写下了许多最优秀的诗篇，如《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》。此处为强调句结构“It is/was +被强调部分+that+其他”，句首单词首字母大写。故填It。 It 2.（2025·江西赣州·模拟预测）Yet, it is at Ganden Dongzhulin Monastery filled with the scent of incense (熏香) ______ the old world still breathes, untouched by the crowds. 【解析】考查强调句。句意：然而，就在充满了熏香气味的甘丹东竹林寺，旧世界仍然呼吸着，不受人群的影响。该句为it is...that强调句型，强调地点状语，故空处应用that。故填that。 that   3.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）Tough __________ the caves’ conditions were, Fan was determined to study national cultural heritage (遗产) and stayed to pursue her dream. 【解析】考查让步状语从句的倒装结构。句意：尽管洞窟条件艰苦，樊决心研究国家文化遗产并留在这里追寻她的梦想。分析句子与句意可知，前后分句构成让步关系，形容词提前用的倒装，空处需用though/as引导让步状语从句。故填as/though。 though / as 4.（2025·重庆·三模）At the heart of the debate, which has been intensifying in educational circles in recent years, _____ (lie) a fundamental question: Can algorithms match teachers’ experienced guidance? 【解析】考查时态、主谓一致和倒装语序。句意：近年来在教育界日益激烈的这场争论的核心，存在着一个根本问题：算法能否比得上教师富有经验的指导？At the heart of the debate位于句首，使用倒装语序，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为a fundamental question，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填lies。 lies  5.（2025·重庆·模拟预测）Likewise, it is by mirroring Korea’s “third space” culture ______ ChaPanda’s Seoul café encourages extended stays. 【解析】考查强调句型。句意：同样，ChaPanda首尔门店正是通过借鉴韩国的“第三空间”文化才吸引顾客延长停留时间。此处是强调句型，其结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”，被强调部分是by mirroring Korea’s “third space” culture。故填that。 that 6.（24-25高三·全国·课后作业）           poor were his grades in school that his teacher finally asked him to quit school. 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：他在学校的成绩太差，所以最后他的老师让他退学。由空格后的were his grades以及that可知该句为倒装句。正常语序应为his grades were ___ poor in school that his teacher finally asked him to quit school其中固定搭配为so……that….. 太…所以。故填So。 So 2.考点精析 主谓一致 语法一致原则 就近一致原则 意义一致原则 主语单数+谓语单数 主语复数+谓语复数 or either ... or... neither ... nor ... not only ... but also ... There be + 多个主语 连接主语时 谓语用单数的情况 谓语用复数的情况 谓语单复数根据表达意义确定的情况 特殊句式 倒装句 强调句 省略句 三种不常考句式 部分倒装 全部倒装 基本结构(陈述句) 一般疑问句形式 特殊疑问句形式 定语从句中 宾语从句中 状语从句中 虚拟语气 不定式 祈使句 反意疑问句 感叹句 主谓一致的核心考点 1．就近一致原则 (1)由or, not only...but also..., neither...nor..., either...or..., whether...or..., not... but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Tom or his brothers are going to help us. 汤姆或者他的哥哥们会来帮助我们。 Either the students or the teacher has to make a decision. 要么学生们，要么老师，必须做出决定。 Neither he nor his friends were at the party. 他和他的朋友们都没参加派对。 Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys the movie. 不仅学生们，老师也很喜欢这部电影。 (2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 There is a pen, a few pencils and some pieces of paper on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔、几支铅笔和几张纸。 2. 意义一致原则 (1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况 ①表示学科的名词以及works (工厂)，news (消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。 Physics has made tremendous progress in the last century. 物理学在上个世纪取得了巨大进步。 This news has come as a complete shock to everyone. 这个消息让所有人都震惊不已。 ②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。 The United Nations has its headquarters in New York. 联合国总部位于纽约。 The Lord of the Rings is a masterpiece of fantasy literature. 《指环王》是奇幻文学的杰作。 Treated as a single mountain range: The Alps stretches across several European countries. 阿尔卑斯山脉绵延数个欧洲国家。 (2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词，如people, police, public, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The police are worried that the man may be armed. 警方担心该男子可能持有武器。 The public are requested not to leave litter in the park. 公众被要求不要在公园里留下垃圾。 (3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 ①集体名词，如family, class, group, team, club, company, government, population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。 India’s current population (in 2025) is estimated to be over 1.43 billion people, making it the most populous country in the world. 印度目前（2025年）的人口估计超过14.3亿，使其成为世界上人口最多的国家。 ②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数；表抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。 The rich could also eat special meals prepared by private cooks. 富人也可以吃私人厨师准备的美食。 The bad in this situation is that we’ve lost all our data. 这种情况的坏处在于我们丢失了所有数据。 3. 语法一致原则 (1)由and连接的两个名词作主语 ①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。 The founder and CEO of the company has announced his retirement. 该公司的创始人兼首席执行官已经宣布退休。 There is a lawyer and politician living in America whose name is Alex Haley. 有一位名叫亚历克斯·黑利的律师兼政治家住在美国。 ②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。 A journalist and a writer are living in that apartment. 一名记者和一名作家住在那间公寓里。 The worker and the writer come from small towns. 那个工人和那个作家都来自小城镇。 ③“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。 Every computer and every printer in the office needs to be updated. 办公室里的每一台电脑和每一台打印机都需要更新。 ④通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Bread and butter is a staple food in many countries. 黄油面包是许多国家的主食。 Truth and honesty is a very important quality among people. 真诚与诚实是人身上非常重要的品质。 (2)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Two hours is adequate for seeing the small town around. 两个小时足够游览这个小镇了。 (3)“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 In China 25 years ago, two-thirds of the population were living in extreme poverty. 25年前的中国，三分之二的人口生活在极度贫困中。 About 70% of the work has been finished until now. 到目前为止，大约70%的工作已经完成了。 (4)主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, as well as, rather than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式； 若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 Nobody but Jerry and Michael was in the lecture hall. 除了杰瑞和迈克尔，没有人在教室里。 My father as well as his former classmates has been to Beijing. 我的父亲和他的老同学们都去过北京。 倒装句的核心考点 1．全部倒装 (1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。 Look, there’s a bookstore beside the large supermarket. 看，那个大超市旁有一家书店。 There seems to be a problem with your computer. 你的电脑好像有点问题。 There appears to have been a mistake in the report. 报告中似乎存在一个错误。 (2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。 There stood an old oak tree at the top of the hill. 山顶上曾有一棵老橡树。 Away flew the bird the moment I opened the cage. 我一打开笼子，鸟就飞走了。 In came the teacher and the class became quiet. 老师一进来，全班就安静了。 (3)such作表语置于句首时。 Such was the origin of Christmas almsgiving: gifts for the poor, not just gifts for our friends. 这就是圣诞慈善的起源：给穷人的礼物，不仅仅是给朋友的礼物。 (4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。 “Does your uncle keep pets?” asked Holmes, pointing to the milk. “你叔叔养宠物吗？”福尔摩斯指着牛奶问道。 (5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。 In the center of the square stands a memorial monument. 广场中心矗立着一座纪念碑。 (6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。 Gone are the days when geeks wore shapeless T-shirts to prove that they didn’t care about physical appearances. 那种极客们穿着宽松T恤来证明他们不在意外表的日子已经一去不复返了。 2. 部分倒装 在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。 (1)little, never, not, seldom, neither, nor, hardly, rarely, nowhere, by no means, at no time, under no circumstances, in no case, on no condition等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。 Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他一点也没有意识到这个会议的重要性。 By no means should you give up on your dreams. 你绝不应该放弃你的梦想。 Under no circumstances are visitors allowed to feed the animals. 游客在任何情况下都不得投喂动物。 In no case should this medicine be taken without water. 这种药绝不能无水吞服。 (2)在not ... until ..., no sooner ... than ..., scarcely/hardly ... when ..., not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor ...等句式中。 Neither did I give him coffee nor did I give his wife cake. 我既没给他咖啡，也没给他妻子蛋糕。 (3)当only修饰作状语的副词、介词短语或状语从句且位于句首时。 Only then did she realize that his friend was innocent. 只到那个时候，她才意识到他朋友是无辜的。 (4)在so/such...that...从句中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时。 So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 光的传播速度如此之快，以至于我们很难想象它的速度。 (5)当表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也是……”。 He was late for the meeting. So was the manager. 他开会迟到了。经理也迟到了。 He has been to the Beijing Museum. So have his parents. 他去过北京博物馆。他父母也去过。 (6)当表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither / nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也不……”。 I haven’t finished the report, and neither has my colleague. 我还没写完报告，我的同事也没写完。 He wouldn’t listen to anyone ten years ago, and nor will he today. 他十年前不听任何人的话，今天也不会听。 (7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把were, had, should提到主语前面。 Had it not been for his help, we shouldn’t have made so much achievement. Were it not so expensive, I would buy it. Should it rain tomorrow, the picnic would be canceled. (8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。 Tired as she is, she keeps working. 尽管她很累，她还在继续工作。 Long as you may wait, you will get a reward. 尽管你可能要等很久，但你会得到回报的。 Woman as she is, she is very brave. 尽管她是女性，但她非常勇敢。 Try as he might to escape, he was caught. 尽管他试图逃跑，还是被抓住了。 (9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。 May all your wishes come true! 愿你美梦成真！ Long live the friendship between our two nations! 我们两国之间的友谊万岁！ 强调句的核心考点 1. 使用助动词do, does和did对谓语动词进行强调。 I do want to help you, but I’m just too busy right now. 我确实想帮你，但我现在实在太忙了。 She does know the answer, she’s just too shy to speak up. 她确实知道答案，她只是太害羞不敢说。 He did write a wonderful book, but it was just a flash in the pan. 他确实写了一本很棒的书，但这只是昙花一现。 2. 运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。 强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面： (1)强调句型中的主谓一致 在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，it后的谓语动词都要用单数形式is/was，同时，that/who后的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。 It is my teacher that/who often helps me with my poor English study. 是我的老师经常帮助我学习我那糟糕的英语。 (2)当对地点状语，时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where, when, why或how等。 It was under the sofa that she found her lost key. 她找到丢失的钥匙是在沙发下面。 It was at midnight that he told me the news. 他告诉我这个消息是在午夜。 It was just because you criticized her that she cried. 她哭只是因为你批评了她。 It was in a very creative way that he solved the problem. 他解决问题是用一种非常有创意的方法。 (3)强调句型的疑问句 强调句型的一般疑问句是“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”； 强调句型的特殊疑问句是“特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？”。 Was it because he behaved badly that he was punished by his teacher? When was it that he determined to take part in this activity? (4)在对not...until...结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It is/was not until...that...。注意that后的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。 The baby didn’t stop crying until midnight. 宝宝直到半夜才停止哭泣。 →It was not until midnight that the baby stopped crying. He didn’t realize his mistake until I pointed it out to him. 直到我向他指出来，他才意识到自己的错误。 →It was not until I pointed it out to him that he realized his mistake. The project wasn’t completed until last Friday. 这个项目直到上周五才完成。 →It was not until last Friday that the project was completed. 注意事项： 1．如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。 I don’t know who it was that broke the window. 我不知道到底是谁打破了窗户。 She explained what it was that caused the accident. 她解释了究竟是什么导致了事故。 Please find out when it was that they arrived. 请查清楚他们到底是什么时候到的。 He didn’t say where it was that he found the document. 他没有说他到底是在哪里找到文件的。 2．强调句型结构中的反义疑问句式。 在强调句型结构中，其反义疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。 It is Murry not you who wants to talk about that matter, isn’t it? 3. 强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。 在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构。 It was in the small town where he grew up that the famous scientist decided to build a school. 那位著名的科学家正是在他长大的那个小镇上决定修建一所学校。 It was on that rainy night when I lost my way that a kind stranger helped me. 正是在我迷路的那個雨夜，一位好心的陌生人幫助了我。 It was the strict teacher who taught us physics that inspired my interest in science. 正是那位教我们物理的严厉老师激发了我对科学的兴趣。 4. 强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。 当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和“that”，原句仍然完整； 而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不完整。 It was at 14:28 that the terrible earthquake in Wenchuan broke out. 汶川大地震是在14:28爆发的。(强调句型) It was 14:28 when the terrible earthquake in Wenchuan broke out. 汶川发生可怕地震时是14:28。(时间状语从句) 省略句的核心考点 1. 状语从句中的省略 由when, while, if, as if, although/though, as, until, once, whether, unless, where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而从句的主语与主句的主语相同或从句的主语为it时，则从句的主语或it和be可省略。 (When he was) Walking in the street, he met his old friend. If (it is) Published, the book will be a bestseller. Whether (it is) true or false, the story is interesting. As if (he is) in a dream, he couldn’t believe his eyes. Send the document again if (it is) necessary. 2．不定式的省略 单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad, happy, pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be, have, have been时，则要保留be, have, have been。 --- Why didn’t you tell her the truth? 你为什么不告诉她真相？ --- I meant to, but I couldn’t find the right moment. 我本来打算说的，但找不到合适的时机。 --- Please feel free to ask questions if you have any. 如果有问题请随时提问。 --- I will certainly do so if I need to. 如果我需要的话，我一定会问的。 She isn’t as rich as she used to be, but she’s happier than she used to be. 她没有以前那么有钱，但她比以前更快乐。 --- Have you ever been to Paris? 你去过巴黎吗？ --- No, but I would like to have been. 没有，但我真希望去过。 3. 常考的几个省略形式 if ever, if any, if so, if necessary, if not better/worse/taller...than等。 Please correct the errors, if any, in my essay. 请改正我文章里的错误，如果有的话。 Are you free tomorrow? If so, let’s have lunch together. 你明天有空吗？如果有空，我们一起吃午饭吧。 If necessary, I can work overtime tonight. 如果需要的话，我今晚可以加班。 His new novel is as good as his last one, if not better. 他的新小说和上一本一样好，甚至可能更好。 4. 并列句中的省略 并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。 John will go to the museum, but Mary will not. 约翰会去博物馆，但玛丽不会去。 Bob likes classical music, but his wife doesn’t. 鲍勃喜欢古典音乐，但他妻子不喜欢。 其他句式的核心考点 1．感叹句 感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。常见句型： (1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！ ＝How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What a strange creature (＝How strange a creature)! I’ve never seen it before. 这种生物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。 What terrible weather (we are having)! 多么糟糕的天气啊！ How interesting this book is! 这本书多有趣啊！ How handsome a boy he is! (＝ What a handsome boy he is!) He is very hard-working! 他是多么漂亮的一个男孩呀！他很勤奋！ (2)What＋(形容词)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！ The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。 What modern buildings (they have built)! 他们建造了多么现代化的建筑啊！ (3)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！ How amazing the Great Wall looks from here! 从这儿看长城是多么壮观啊！ How bravely the firefighter fought the fire! 那位消防员扑救火灾时多么勇敢啊！ (4)How＋主语＋谓语！ How time flies! The National Day is coming! 时间过得真快！国庆节快来了。 2. 祈使句 祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。祈使句的常见句型： (1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句“如果……就……” (2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句“……否则……” (3)名词词组(多含有more, another)＋and＋陈述句“如果再……就……” Give me one more chance, and I will not let you down. 再给我一次机会，我就不会让你失望。 Don’t be so noisy, or you will wake up the baby. 别这么吵，否则你会把宝宝吵醒的。 One more month, and we’ll finish completing the teaching building. 再多给我一个月，我们就会建成教学楼。 写作中特殊句式易错点聚焦 在写作中学生可以适当使用某些特殊句式，提高表达的层次，增强交际效果。但是学生在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：1. 主谓不一致 Your friend and neighbor has agreed to meet me at the station. Your friend and neighbor have agreed to meet me at the station. 你的朋友和邻居已经同意在车站与我见面。 As many a teacher has put it, “Now, which of you spotted my deliberate mistake?” As many a teacher have put it, “Now, which of you spotted my deliberate mistake?” 正如许多老师所说，“现在，你们中有谁发现了我故意犯的错误？” (正) (正) (误) (误) The teacher, along with her assistants, is responsible for the project. The teacher, along with her assistants, are responsible for the project. Each of the students in his class has passed the exam. Each of the students in his class have passed the exam. The unemployed are receiving financial aid from the government. The unemployed is receiving financial aid from the government. Three liters of water is what you should drink every day. Three liters of water are what you should drink every day. (正) (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) 2. 缺乏运用意识有些学生在语言输出时，经常用正常语序的简单句、并列句等，而缺乏运用特殊句式的意识。 (简单句堆积) I finally bought the phone. It is the latest iPhone model. It has a great camera. (同位语合并) I finally bought the phone, the latest iPhone model with a great camera. (一般表达) I didn’t understand my own parents’ love until I became a parent. (倒装句) Not until I became a parent did I understand my own parents’ love. (强调句) It was not until I became a parent that I understood my own parents’ love. 3. 运用中出现语法错误 Only work together can we achieve our goal. Only by working together can we achieve our goal. There have many unsolved mysteries in the universe. There exist many unsolved mysteries in the universe. Only after you have experienced failure you can truly understand the value of success. Only after you have experienced failure can you truly understand the value of success. It was on Friday when I got back home from the working site. It was on Friday that I got back home from the working site. It was Friday when I got back home from the working site. (正) (误) (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) (正) (正) 4.考点集训 题组一　主谓一致集训 单句语法填空 1. Not only the students but also the teacher ______________ (surprise) by the news. 2. Until now, many a student ____________ (realize) the importance of learning a foreign language. 3. The students, along with their teacher, __________________ (visit) the museum tomorrow. 4. Early to bed and early to rise ______ (make) a man healthy, happy and wise. 5. Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease ______ (be) likely to develop it. was surprised is visiting / will visit is makes has realized 题组二　倒装句集训 单句语法填空 1. No sooner ______ she finished her speech than the audience burst into applause. 2. Only when we are faced with a crisis that threatens our very existence _________ we truly understand the importance of unity and cooperation. 3. Not until he became a father himself _____ he truly understand his own parents’ sacrifices. 4. Essential to the success of this ambitious project ____ (be) the unwavering commitment and cooperation of every single team member. 5. _____ she taken the doctor’s advice, she would be feeling much better now. had do / will did is Had 题组三　强调句集训 单句语法填空 1. _____ doesn’t matter whether you win or lose; what matters is that you tried your best. 2. It was not until I saw the disappointed look on his face ______ I realized how deeply my words had hurt him. 3. It ______ because of the heavy rain that the match was canceled. 4. We ______ (do) want to help you; however, we need more information first. 5. A: Why is it ______ so many people are obsessed with social media? B: Because it provides a quick and easy way to feel connected to others. It that was did that 题组四　省略句集训 单句语法填空 1. The soldiers wanted to retreat, but the commander ordered them _____. 2. The news, though ___________ (unexpect), was not entirely surprising. 3. She paused mid-sentence during her speech, raising her hand to her chin as if _________ (weigh) carefully the profound implications of her own words. 4. — What made the baby start crying all of a sudden? — _________ (see) a stranger’s face. 5. The digital camera is a recent invention, especially when ___________ (compare) to the centuries-old history of the traditional film camera. to unexpected to weigh Seeing compared Ⅱ.语法填空(主谓一致专练)原创 The First Lesson of the Final Year The start of the final year 1 (be) a moment we had all been anticipating with mixed emotions. As we entered the classroom, excitement and anxiety 2 (fill) the air around us. This year, the school leadership, along with our headteacher, 3 (prepare) a special lesson, knowing well the pressure we would face. Neither stress nor uncertainty 4 (be) the focus; instead, what would truly matter in the months to come 5 (be) the opportunities that lay ahead. Our teacher did not simply give a routine speech. She encouraged each of us to set meaningful goals. “Every one of you 6 (have) the potential to achieve great things,” she said, “but neither talent nor luck alone will guarantee success. It has always been persistent effort that 7 (make) the difference.” The whole class, including our usually silent monitor, nodded in agreement. Statistics 8 (show) that those who plan carefully tend to perform better. There 9 (remain) a demanding journey ahead, but that first lesson 10 (give) us clarity and motivation. Now, we are more determined than ever to make this year count. 【导语】本文描述了高三学生在开学第一课上的经历和感受。文章通过描绘课堂氛围、师长的准备、老师的谆谆教诲以及学生的反应，展现了高三学年的开始既充满压力又充满希望的主题。老师鼓励学生依靠持续努力而非单纯天赋或运气来取得成功，这堂课为学生提供了清晰的方向和动力，让他们下定决心全力以赴。 1. was 考查主谓一致和时态。句意: 高中最后一年的开始是我们一直以复杂情绪期待的时刻。主语The start是单数名词，且描述的是过去的事件，因此谓语动词应用一般过去时的单数形式was。 2. were filling 考查主谓一致和时态。句意: 当我们走进教室时，兴奋和焦虑（的情绪）弥漫在我们周围的空气中。主语Excitement and anxiety是由and连接的两个不可数名词，通常被视为复数概念。根据时间状语As we entered...，描述过去正在发生的动作，故用过去进行时were filling。 3. had prepared 考查动词时态(过去完成时)。句意: 今年，校领导连同我们的班主任，已经准备了一堂特别的课。动作prepare发生在entered the classroom (过去)之前，即“过去的过去”，因此需用过去完成时had prepared。along with our headteacher是插入语，不影响主语the school leadership (单数)的谓语的数。 4. was 考查主谓一致(就近原则)。句意: 压力和不确定性都不是焦点。由neither... nor...连接的主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，即与离它最近的主语uncertainty (单数)保持一致，故用was。 5. were 考查主谓一致。句意: ……真正重要的是未来几个月里的机遇。此处what引导的主语从句本身是单数概念，但表语the opportunities是复数。在正式英语中，谓语动词常与表语保持一致，因此这里用were。强调“重要的是这些机会本身”。 6. has 考查主谓一致。句意: “你们每一个人都有潜力取得伟大的成就，”她说。主语Every one（of you）是单数概念，表示“每一个”，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式has。 7. makes 考查主谓一致。句意: 一直以来，正是持续的努力造就了不同。这是一个It is... that...的强调句型。被强调的部分persistent effort是单数，因此从句的谓语动词需用单数形式makes。 8. have shown 考查主谓一致和时态。句意: 统计数据表明，那些认真计划的人往往表现更好。此处Statistics指“统计数据和研究结果”，通常被视为复数概念。且表示“迄今为止的研究都表明”，强调对现在的影响，故用现在完成时have shown。 9. remains 考查主谓一致。句意: 前路依然充满挑战。这是一个There be句型。真正的主语是a demanding journey (单数)，因此谓语动词需用单数形式remains。 10. has given 考查动词时态和现在完成时。句意: 但是那第一堂课已经给了我们清晰的方向和动力。动作give发生在过去，但强调的是这个过去的动作对“现在”(我们决心满满)造成的结果和影响，故应用现在完成时has given。主语that first lesson是单数。 Ⅱ.语法填空(特殊句式专练)原创 China-India Relations: A Path Forward Only through mutual respect and cooperation can China and India achieve lasting peace and prosperity. It is dialogue, not confrontation,  1  serves the fundamental interests of both nations. Although 2 (have) different cultural and historical backgrounds, both are ancient civilizations now 3 (face) modern challenges. While 4 (rise) in global influence, economic complementarity (互补性) offers vast potential for collaboration. What matters most is not the differences  5  the shared goals of development. Should any disagreement arise, it must be resolved through peaceful means. Not until both countries truly understand their interconnected destiny will lasting stability in the region be possible. There 6  (be) numerous opportunities in trade, technology, and climate response, if properly 7 (manage). It has always been the people of both nations  8 have driven progress, not politicians alone. To strengthen ties, essential 9 (be) stronger people-to-people exchange and institutional trust. Only 10  walking this path together can the two giants build a community with a shared future. 【导语】本文围绕中国与印度关系的发展路径展开论述，强调两国唯有通过相互尊重、合作对话（而非对抗）才能实现持久和平与繁荣。文章指出，尽管中印拥有不同的文化历史背景，但作为面临现代挑战的古老文明，两国在经济互补性、全球影响力提升等方面存在广阔合作空间。核心观点包括：分歧应通过和平方式解决；两国命运紧密相连；民间交流与制度信任对加强关系至关重要。最后呼吁双方共同构建人类命运共同体。 1. that 考查强调句结构 (It is... that...)。句意：只有对话，而非对抗，才符合两国的根本利益。强调句句型“It is + 被强调部分 + that + 剩余句子”，此处强调“dialogue, not confrontation”。 2. having 考查现在分词作状语。句意：尽管拥有不同的文化历史背景，但两国都是古老文明。省略主语(both China and India)后，用现在分词短语表原因，主动关系用having。 3. facing 考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：两国都是如今面临现代挑战的古老文明。civilizations 与 face 是主动关系，需用现在分词facing修饰civilizations。 4. rising 考查省略句(While后省略主语+be)。句意：尽管（两国）全球影响力不断提升，但经济互补性为合作提供巨大潜力。While后省略了“both are”，完整形式为“While both are rising...”。 5. but 考查固定搭配(not... but...)。句意：最重要的不是差异，而是发展的共同目标。“not... but...”表示“不是……而是……”，强调转折与对比。 6. are 考查主谓一致。句意：在贸易、技术和气候应对方面存在众多机会。主语“numerous opportunities”是复数，谓语需用are。 7. managed 考查被动语态。句意：如果（这些机会）得到妥善管理。此空是条件状语从句的省略，省略和主句相同的主语“they (opportunities)”，与manage是被动关系，故用过去分词managed。 8. who 考查强调句结构(It is... who...)。句意：始终是两国人民（而非仅是政治家）推动进步。强调主语“the people of both nations”，指人时用who。 9. is 考查主谓一致。句意：加强关系，关键在于更紧密的民间交流和制度信任。主语“essential”是抽象单数概念，谓语用is。 10. by 考查介词短语表方式。句意：只有通过共同走这条路，两个巨人才能构建命运共同体。“by + doing”表示方式或途径，对应前文“walking this path together”。 III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2023年全国英语乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ___ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ______ (build) system of ring roads. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ___________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, ____ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. ______________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years __________ (record) everything I discovered. The ___________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ______ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. to built which / that wonders but Having visited was amazed recording remarkable means 【答案与解析】61. to    62. built    63. which / that   64. wonders    65. but    66. Having visited    67. was amazed    68. recording    69. remarkable    70. means 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变化，并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。 61.考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。 62.考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。 63. 考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 64. 考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。 65. 考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。 66. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 67. 考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 68. 考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。 69. 考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。 70. 考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 $$