内容正文:
2019必修一 Unit 1 必须掌握的词根词缀
单词
前缀
词根/词基(含义)
后缀
中文义
teenage
teen (= ten, 十)
age(年龄)
青少年
ballet
ball(跳舞)
et(小称)
芭蕾
volunteer
volunt (= will, 意愿)
eer(人)
志愿者
debate
de-(向下)
bat(打、击)
e
辩论
prefer
pre-(先)
fer(携带)
更喜欢
content
con-(共同)
ten(t)(持有)
内容
suitable
suit(跟随)
able(能…的)
合适的
actually
act(做)
u-al + ly
实际上
confuse
con-(一起)
fus(倾倒)
e
混淆
fluent
flu(流动)
ent
流利的
graduate
grad(步、级)
u- + ate
毕业
advance
ad-(向)
van(前)
ce
前进
literature
liter(字母)
ature
文学
obviously
ob-(朝向)
vi(a)(路)
ous + ly
明显地
responsible
re-(回)
spond(承诺)
ible
负责的
solution
solu(松开)
tion
解决
schedule
sched(纸条)
ule
日程
editor
e-(出)
dit(给)
or
编辑
adventure
ad-(向)
vent(来)
ure
冒险
expert
ex-(完全)
per(试)
t
专家
behaviour
be-(使)
hav(拥有)
iour
行为
generation
gen(生)
er + ation
一代
attract
at-(向)
tract(拉)
吸引
常见词根/词缀归纳(便于记忆)
类型
词缀/词根
含义
示例单词
前缀
pre-
在…之前
prefer, preview
re-
再,重复
recommend, revise, return
con-/com-
共同
confuse, connect, combine
ad-
向,靠近
attract, advance, adventure, addict
ex-
出
expert, exchange, exit
ob-
对着,向
obvious, object, observe
词根
fer
带来
prefer, refer, transfer
flu
流
fluent
vid/vis
看
obvious, visible, visit
tract
拉
attract, contract, extract
grad
步,等级
graduate, gradual, grade
solv/solut
松开
solution, resolve, solvent
spond/spons
承诺,回应
responsible, respond, sponsor
liter
文字
literature, literal, illiterate
gen
出生,种类
generation, gender, generate
volunt
意愿
volunteer, voluntary, involuntary
bat
打,争
debate, combat, debate
mov
移动
movement, move, remove
edit
编辑
editor, edition, edit
focus
中心
focus, focal point
后缀
-able/-ible
可…的
suitable, responsible, possible
-ment
名词:行为/结果
movement, development
-tion/-sion
名词:状态/行为
solution, generation, discussion
-or/-er
表示人
editor, volunteer, teacher
-ly
副词后缀
actually, obviously, quickly
-ate
动词/名词
debate, concentrate, educate
-age
名词:状态
teenage, baggage, mileage
-ous
形容词
famous, nervous, serious
核心词根(10个)
词根
含义
示例单词
-fer-
带来,承载
prefer, transfer, refer
-flu-
流动
fluent, fluid, influence
-vid-/vis-
看
obvious, vision, revise
-tract-
拉,拖
attract, contract, subtract
-grad-
步,等级
graduate, gradual, degree
-solv-/solut-
松开,解决
solution, resolve, solvent
-spond-/spons-
承诺,回应
responsible, respond, sponsor
-lect-/leg-
读,选
lecture, select, collect
-reg-
统治,管理
register, regulate, regional
-fid-
信任
confident, confidence, fidelity
核心前缀5个
前缀
含义
示例单词
re-
再,重复
revise, recommend, return
con-/com-
共同,一起
concentrate, confuse, connect
pre-
在…之前
prefer, preview, prepare
ad-
向,靠近
attract, advance, addict, adjust
ex-
出,向外
exchange, expert, expand
核心后缀5个
后缀
含义
词性
示例单词
-tion/-sion
表示“行为或状态”
名词
registration, impression, solution
-able/-ible
可…的,能…的
形容词
suitable, responsible, possible
-ment
表示“行为或结果”
名词
movement, experiment, improvement
-er/-or
表示“人或物”
名词
designer, editor, volunteer
-ly
表示“方式或程度”
副词
actually, obviously, quickly
词根词缀练习题(共 10 题)
请根据词根词缀知识,推测下列单词的含义,并选择最合适的解释。
1. What does "transport" most likely mean?
(Hint: trans- = across; -port = carry)
A. to carry forward B. to carry across
C. to carry under D. to carry back
2. The word "insoluble" probably means:
(Hint: in- = not; solv = loosen)
A. easy to solve B. not able to be loosened
C. very difficult to understand D. capable of being dissolved
3. Which word means "one who watches"?
(Hint: -vis- = see; -or = person)
A. visitor B. viewer
C. volunteer D. editor
4. "Prefer" literally means:
(Hint: pre- = before; fer = carry)
A. to carry together B. to carry after
C. to carry before D. to carry away
5. "Attractive" most likely means:
(Hint: ad- = to; tract = pull; -ive = tendency)
A. easy to pull apart B. having the quality of pulling toward
C. not able to move D. full of movement
6. "Responsive" means:
(Hint: re- = back; spond = promise)
A. not willing to answer B. able to answer back
C. full of promises D. slow to react
7. Which word contains the root meaning "to read"?
A. register B. graduate
C. lecture D. attract
8. "Confluence" most likely means:
(Hint: con- = together; flu = flow)
A. a place where rivers flow together
B. a place where rivers stop
C. a fast-flowing river
D. a dry riverbed
9. "Expand" means:
(Hint: ex- = out; pand = spread)
A. to spread inward B. to spread out
C. to spread under D. to spread slowly
10. "Mandatory" means:
(Hint: mand = order; -ory = relating to)
A. relating to management B. relating to orders; required
C. optional D. easy to do
答案与解析
题号
答案
解析
1
B
trans- = across, port = carry → carry across = transport(运输)
2
B
in- = not, soluble = able to be loosened → 不能被溶解的(如:insoluble problem)
3
B
vis- = see, -er = person who → viewer = one who watches(观看者)
4
C
pre- = before, fer = carry → carry before others → 更喜欢(prefer)
5
B
ad- = to, tract = pull, -ive = having the quality → 有吸引性质的
6
B
re- = back, spond = respond → 能回应的 → responsive(有反应的)
7
C
lect = read → lecture(讲课)来自 legere(读)
8
A
con- = together, fluence = flow → 汇流处,如两条河流交汇
9
B
ex- = out, pand = spread → 向外扩展 → expand(扩大)
10
B
mand = order(命令),-ory = relating to → 必须遵守的命令 → mandatory(强制的)
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