热点话题08 身心健康与人际关系（话题阅读精练）英语高二通用版

热点话题08 身心健康与人际关系 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 人教版选择性必修三 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle 人教版选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 1 Laugh out loud! 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 译林版选择性必修二 Unit 3 Fit for life 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 介绍了孤独是全球健康威胁，表现为缺乏社交联系等。 Passage 2 阅读理解 探讨了自我认知的重要性、定义以及人类在自我认知方面的局限性和改进方法。 Passage 3 阅读理解 介绍了适度焦虑具有积极作用，它能提升专注力也能转化为解决问题的行动力。 Passage 4 阅读理解 讨论了愤怒的利弊、表现形式及家长管理愤怒的重要性。 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明了注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种复杂的疾病。 Passage 6 阅读理解 介绍了影响人们幸福感的重要因素，如人文景观、优美的风景等。 主题简析素材积累 本专题的主题语境为 “身心健康与人际关系”，该主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “人与自我”“人与社会” 两大主题范畴下的重要子话题。“身心健康” 聚焦于学生对自身身体和心理状态的认知、维护与调适，涵盖了健康的生活方式（如合理饮食、规律运动、充足睡眠）、情绪管理（应对压力、焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪）以及心理韧性的培养等方面，引导学生树立正确的健康观念，关注自身身心健康发展，这属于 “人与自我” 主题范畴。而 “人际关系” 则侧重于学生在家庭、学校、社会等不同环境中与他人建立、发展和维护关系的能力，包括亲子关系、师生关系、同伴关系、朋友关系以及未来将面临的职场关系等，探讨如何有效沟通、解决冲突、建立信任、表达尊重与关爱等，此部分内容紧密关联 “人与社会” 主题范畴。这一主题语境对于高二学生的英语学习及个人成长意义重大，通过学习相关英语知识和文本，学生不仅能够提升语言运用能力，更能在跨文化交流中理解不同文化背景下对于身心健康和人际关系的认知差异，同时也能从所学内容中汲取智慧，指导自己在现实生活中塑造健康身心，构建和谐良好的人际关系。 句子积累 It is well - known that physical exercise is beneficial to both our physical and mental health.（众所周知，体育锻炼对我们的身心健康都有益。） A balanced diet, together with regular exercise and enough sleep, contributes to a healthy lifestyle.（均衡的饮食，加上定期锻炼和充足睡眠，有助于形成健康的生活方式。） When faced with stress, we should learn to take appropriate measures to relieve it, such as listening to music or doing yoga.（当面临压力时，我们应该学会采取适当措施来缓解它，比如听音乐或做瑜伽。） Good communication skills play a crucial role in building and maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships.（良好的沟通技巧在建立和维护健康的人际关系中起着至关重要的作用。） In order to resolve conflicts effectively, we need to put ourselves in others' shoes and try to understand their perspectives.（为了有效地解决冲突，我们需要设身处地为他人着想，尝试理解他们的观点。） Mutual respect and trust are the foundation of any strong relationship.（相互尊重和信任是任何牢固关系的基础。） We should value the support from our family and friends, for they are an important part of our emotional well - being.（我们应该重视来自家人和朋友的支持，因为他们是我们情感健康的重要组成部分。） It is important to express our feelings and thoughts clearly in communication, which can avoid misunderstandings.（在交流中清楚地表达我们的感受和想法很重要，这可以避免误解。） Loneliness can have a negative impact on our mental health, so we should actively seek social connections.（孤独会对我们的心理健康产生负面影响，所以我们应该积极寻求社交联系。） A positive attitude towards life helps us stay optimistic and energetic in the face of difficulties.（对生活的积极态度帮助我们在面对困难时保持乐观和精力充沛。） 必备词块 physical and mental health 身心健康 emotional well - being 情绪健康；情感幸福 maintain a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食 work out regularly 定期锻炼 get enough sleep 获得充足睡眠 manage stress 应对压力 relieve anxiety 缓解焦虑 build up resilience 增强心理韧性 interpersonal relationship 人际关系 family bond 家庭纽带 peer pressure 同伴压力 communicate effectively 有效沟通 resolve conflicts 解决冲突 show respect for 对…… 表示尊重 gain trust 获得信任 mutual understanding 相互理解 social isolation 社会孤立 a sense of belonging 归属感 support system 支持体系 positive influence 积极影响 实战演练 Passage 1 Loneliness has become a global health threat Do you feel lonely? Don’t rush to a “no” answer just yet — the World Health Organization (WHO) recently addressed loneliness as a pressing health threat. It called for countries and organizations to make social connections a priority. Loneliness, although commonly described as the state of being alone, is actually a state of mind marked by feelings of isolation (孤独) despite wanting social connections. So, people who are lonely usually experience the emotional pain of not being connected with others. Solitude (独处), on the other hand, is voluntary (自愿的). People who enjoy spending time by themselves continue to maintain positive social relationships that they can return to when they want connection, according to the Verywell Mind website. Social isolation impacts the health and well-being of all age groups across the world. According to the WHO, one in four old people experience social isolation. Among adolescents (青少年), between 5 and 15 percent experience loneliness, but the numbers are likely to be underestimations (低估), said the organization. “Young people are not immune (不受影响的) to loneliness. Social isolation can affect anyone, of any age, anywhere,” said Chido Mpemba, African Union youth envoy, in the WHO’s press release on loneliness. In terms of teenagers, social disconnection can lead to poorer education outcomes since young people who have experienced loneliness in high school are more likely to drop out of university. Lack of social connection carries an equivalent risk of early death with other better-known risk factors such as smoking, obesity (肥胖) and air pollution, or potentially even greater. Loneliness has a far-reaching impact comparable to smoking up to 15 cigarettes (香烟) a day, according to a 2017 study. Previous studies have shown that loneliness has been linked to anxiety and depression and can increase the risk of heart disease by 30 percent. A 2015 study looked at the immune systems of its participants who were identified as lonely. It showed that they tend to have more inflammation (炎症) and less immunity, which can be a result of feeling stressed due to loneliness. To tackle this crisis, the WHO launched the Commission on Social Connection, which will hold its first leadership meeting from Dec 6 to 8 to outline solutions to build social connections at scale. 1．What can we learn about people experiencing loneliness from the text? A．They prefer solitude over social interaction. B．They feel lacking in social connection. C．They feel other people isolate them on purpose. D．They struggle to maintain social relationships. 2．How does loneliness affect people of different ages, according to WHO? A．It is harder for older people to get rid of it. B．Teenagers are usually not influenced by it. C．People can suffer from it regardless of their age. D．Adults experience it primarily due to workplace stress. 3．How does the author explain the impact of loneliness on health? A．By citing previous studies. B．By asking the readers some questions. C．By interviewing lonely people. D．By comparing it with other diseases. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this article? A．To raise awareness about loneliness. B．To give advice on how to prevent social isolation. C．To stress the need for mental health evaluations. D．To warn people of diseases related to loneliness. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孤独是全球健康威胁，表现为缺乏社交联系，影响各年龄段人群健康，世卫组织已成立委员会应对，旨在引起关注。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Loneliness, although commonly described as the state of being alone, is actually a state of mind marked by feelings of isolation (孤独) despite wanting social connections. So, people who are lonely usually experience the emotional pain of not being connected with others. (孤独，虽然通常被描述为独处的状态，但实际上是一种心理状态，其特点是尽管渴望社交联系，却仍有孤立感。因此，孤独的人通常会经历与他人没有联系的情感痛苦。)”可知，孤独的人会感到缺乏社交联系。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Social isolation impacts the health and well-being of all age groups across the world. According to the WHO, one in four old people experience social isolation. Among adolescents (青少年), between 5 and 15 percent experience loneliness, but the numbers are likely to be underestimations (低估), said the organization. (社会孤立影响着世界各地所有年龄段的健康和福祉。根据世界卫生组织的数据，四分之一的老年人经历社会孤立。该组织表示，在青少年中，5%至15%的人会感到孤独，但这些数字可能被低估了。)”以及第四段“Young people are not immune (不受影响的) to loneliness. Social isolation can affect anyone, of any age, anywhere (年轻人也不能免于孤独。社会孤立可以影响任何地方、任何年龄的任何人)”可知，世界卫生组织认为无论年龄大小，人们都可能遭受孤独的影响。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Loneliness has a far-reaching impact comparable to smoking up to 15 cigarettes (香烟) a day, according to a 2017 study. (2017年的一项研究表明，孤独的影响深远，相当于每天吸15支烟。)”以及第六段“Previous studies have shown that loneliness has been linked to anxiety and depression and can increase the risk of heart disease by 30 percent. A 2015 study looked at the immune systems of its participants who were identified as lonely. It showed that they tend to have more inflammation (炎症) and less immunity, which can be a result of feeling stressed due to loneliness. (先前的研究表明，孤独与焦虑和抑郁有关，会使患心脏病的风险增加 30%。2015 年的一项研究观察了被认定为孤独的参与者的免疫系统。研究表明，他们往往有更多的炎症和更低的免疫力，这可能是由于孤独感带来的压力造成的。)”可知，作者通过引用先前的研究来解释孤独对健康的影响。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，作者开篇标题指出“Loneliness has become a global health threat. (孤独已成为全球健康威胁。)”，随后解释孤独的定义、不同年龄段受影响的情况、对健康的危害，最后提到“To tackle this crisis, the WHO launched the Commission on Social Connection, which will hold its first leadership meeting from Dec 6 to 8 to outline solutions to build social connections at scale. (为了应对这一危机，世界卫生组织成立了社会联系委员会，该委员会将于12月6日至8日举行首次领导会议，概述大规模建立社会联系的解决方案。)”，整体旨在提高人们对孤独的认识。故选A项。 Passage 2 “Know thyself” is the most famous saying of Greek philosophy. The idea of self-knowledge is so foundational to a meaningful existence. In his tragedy (悲剧) Thyestes, the Stoic philosopher Seneca writes, “Death lies heavily on him / Who, though to all the world well known, / Is stranger to himself alone.” And as Shakespeare asserts in his comedy As You Like It, “The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man /knows himself to be a fool.” What exactly does it mean to know yourself? For neuroscientists, self-knowledge is the combination of two forms of information, your own self-beliefs and your perceptions of how others view you. This technical definition of self-knowledge concerns only the mechanisms involved and does not say anything about the quality of the information. In effect, if you think you’re a rooster and believe others see you as one too, that counts as self-knowledge. However, I strongly question that the thinkers at Greece had a bit more in mind than this; they no doubt meant “Know thyself accurately.” That is a much taller order, requiring a huge quantity of truthful information about your inner states — attitudes, beliefs, emotions, and motives. Accurate self-knowledge also means avoiding mistakes and correcting illusions, being completely honest with yourself, and predicting how you will feel and react in the future. By this impossibly strict standard, we probably all overestimate our capacity for accurate self-knowledge. Psychological experiments have revealed that ratings of one’s own self-assessments are “moderate to poor” in accuracy and are generally less sound than external evaluations. One reason is that we’re likely to make cognitive (认知的) errors about what we see happening in our lives. Researchers have found that humans are easy to miss seeing our problems, mistakes, and opportunities. Many things in our lives go unnoticed because we don’t know the language for them or don’t understand them. This is called hypo-cognition, a deficit of cognition. In studies exploring this phenomenon, British participants were more likely to notice cheese than Asian dumplings in their daily lives, while Chinese participants noticed the reverse. Much of our self-knowledge deficit comes from willful ignorance. Psychologists have long observed the human tendency to use motivated reasoning to reassure ourselves that our opinions are right, to ignore critical self-reflective information, and generally to maintain positive illusions and find ways to avoid facing reality-based negative emotions. So basic and necessary to our being are these traits that collectively they have been called our “psychological immune system.” This characteristic rationalizing is almost certainly based in our biology. This human capacity to maintain ignorance in the face of potentially negative self-knowledge might make you more comfortable in the short term, but it leads to many missed opportunities for greater well-being and success in the long run. Research has shown that more honest self-awareness — of both positive and negative information — improves self-development because you know what to improve. This enables better personal decision making rooted in accurate information, especially when striving toward goals. 1．The author mentions Seneca and Shakespeare mainly to ______. A．draw a comparison B．give a suggestion C．explain a concept D．strengthen an argument 2．As for the definition of self-knowledge from neuroscientists, the author is ______. A．appreciative B．suspicious C．unconcerned D．neutral 3．What does the term “hypo-cognition” underlined in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．The inability to process truthful information. B．The refusal to reflect on negative information. C．The lack of concepts to describe specific experiences. D．The tendency to spot cultural differences in perception. 4．It is implied in this passage that we should ______. A．focus on negative rather than positive feedback B．follow the beliefs and emotions of our internal states C．stop making excuses for unfavorable self-knowledge D．spare no effort to get rid of imperfect self-knowledge 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了自我认知的重要性、定义以及人类在自我认知方面的局限性和改进方法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘Know thyself’ is the most famous saying of Greek philosophy. The idea of self-knowledge is so foundational to a meaningful existence. (‘认识你自己’是希腊哲学中最著名的格言。自我认知的理念是有意义的存在的基础)”接着引用了哲学家Seneca和Shakespeare的话来强调自我认知的重要性。由此可知，作者提到Seneca和Shakespeare是为了加强“自我认知是有意义的存在的基础”这一论点。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“For neuroscientists, self-knowledge is the combination of two forms of information, your own self-beliefs and your perceptions of how others view you. This technical definition of self-knowledge concerns only the mechanisms involved and does not say anything about the quality of the information.(对于神经科学家来说，自我认知是两种信息形式的结合，即你自己的自我信念和你对他人如何看待你的看法。这种自我认知的技术定义只涉及所涉及的机制，并没有说明信息的质量)”和“However, I strongly question that the thinkers at Greece had a bit more in mind than this; they no doubt meant ‘Know thyself accurately.’ (然而，我强烈质疑希腊的思想家们是否有比这更多的想法；他们无疑是指‘准确地认识你自己。’)”可知，作者对神经科学家关于自我认知的定义（仅关注机制，不涉及信息质量）持怀疑态度，觉得其过于浅显，认为古希腊思想家所指的自我认知更为准确和深入。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Many things in our lives go unnoticed because we don’t know the language for them or don’t understand them. This is called hypo-cognition, a deficit of cognition. (我们生活中的许多事情都被忽视了，因为我们不知道如何用语言描述它们，或者不理解它们。这被称为hypo-cognition，一种认知缺陷)”可知，下划线词hypo-cognition指的是缺乏描述特定经历的概念。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Research has shown that more honest self-awareness — of both positive and negative information — improves self-development because you know what to improve. This enables better personal decision making rooted in accurate information, especially when striving toward goals. (研究表明，更诚实的自我意识——包括正面和负面信息——有助于自我发展，因为你知道需要改进什么。这使得基于准确信息的更好的个人决策成为可能，尤其是在追求目标时)”可知，文章暗示我们应该停止为不利的自我认知找借口，而是要诚实地面对自己，以便更好地改进和发展。故选C。 Passage 3 The first time my improv (即兴表演) teacher called me to act out a scene, my throat tightened and my vision blurred (模糊). Performing silly scenes in front of others made my anxiety shoot through the roof. Every time I tried to improvise, I froze. I swore everyone could hear my racing heartbeat, and I kept trying to force myself to relax instead of focusing on the scene. For weeks, I fought against my anxiety. I’d get angry at myself for feeling nervous during something “fun”, trying to ignore the butterflies in my stomach. But psychologists now say that approach was wrong — some anxiety can actually be helpful. The Yerkes-Dodson Curve, a well-known psychology concept, explains this. When anxiety is too high, people underperform, because they might be so worried. When it’s too low, they also suffer, because they might be so relaxed. “There’s a middle zone where anxiety becomes useful,” says Dr. Shannon Sauer-Zavala from the University of Kentucky. “It signals, ‘This matters  — pay attention and prepare.’” Psychologist Dennis-Tiwary writes in her book Future Tense that when her son was diagnosed with a heart condition as a baby, anxiety and worry intensified her efforts to get him help. “Worry pushed me to figure out how to maximize the chances of a successful surgery,” she writes. Her mind racing, she read academic articles about her son’s condition, made lists of questions for his doctors and searched community forums for information. “In the end,” she writes, “it was the worry that helped us get through.” Anxiety can be a form of caring, of our minds highlighting what matters. It tells us that accomplishing our goals will require efforts, and it pushes us to think about what efforts, exactly, we should take. It motivates us to take action. In some studies, people who felt anxious came up with more and better solutions to problems than those who felt calm. In other words, you shouldn’t want to live completely free of anxiety, because you need some anxiety to get things done. 1．How did the author feel when improvising? A．He felt relaxed by focusing on the scene. B．Nervous, he forgot his improv completely. C．With his heart racing, he tried to calm down. D．He felt annoyed at being called to improvise. 2．According to the Yerkes-Dodson Curve, how does anxiety affect one’s performance? A．The higher anxiety is, the better one’s performance is. B．Too low anxiety leads to one’s suffering mental health. C．Balanced anxiety betters one’s attention and preparations. D．A middle zone makes anxiety useful to one’s performance. 3．What does the underlined word “intensified” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Pursued. B．Fueled. C．Concentrated. D．Combined. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．It requires efforts to accomplish our goals. B．Life with anxiety is completely unavoidable. C．Anxiety is always there to help you get projects done. D．Feeling calm can not be an advantage in completing a task. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了适度焦虑具有积极作用，它能提升专注力，也能转化为解决问题的行动力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Every time I tried to improvise, I froze. I swore everyone could hear my racing heartbeat, and I kept trying to force myself to relax instead of focusing on the scene. (每次我尝试即兴表演时，都会僵住。我发誓所有人都能听到我狂跳的心跳声，而我只是一味强迫自己放松，却没能专注于表演场景)”可知，在即兴表演时，作者的心跳加速，试图让自己冷静下来。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When anxiety is too high, people underperform, because they might be so worried. When it’s too low, they also suffer, because they might be so relaxed.(当焦虑过高时，人们表现不佳，因为他们可能太担心了。当它太低时，他们也会受到影响，因为他们可能太放松了。)”、Shannon Sauer-Zavala博士所说的话“There’s a middle zone where anxiety becomes useful (在焦虑情绪中，存在一个‘中间地带’——此时焦虑反而能发挥积极作用)”和“It signals, ‘This matters — pay attention and prepare.’ (它传递着一个信号：‘这件事很重要——要集中注意力，做好准备。’)”可知，耶克斯-多德森压力曲线表明，适度焦虑能提升专注力，让人做好准备，从而优化表现。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文““Worry pushed me to figure out how to maximize the chances of a successful surgery,” she writes. Her mind racing, she read academic articles about her son’s condition, made lists of questions for his doctors and searched community forums for information. “In the end,” she writes, “it was the worry that helped us get through.” (她写道：‘正是这份焦虑，促使我不断思考如何提高手术成功的概率。’她思绪翻涌，研读关于儿子病情的学术论文，向医生列出问题清单，并在社区论坛上搜寻相关信息。她写道，‘最终，正是这份忧虑帮助我们渡过了难关。’)”可知，这份焦虑促使Dennis-Tiwary更努力采取各种行动，来帮助儿子渡过难关，画线词意为“增强，推动”，与Fueled意思相近。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In some studies, people who felt anxious came up with more and better solutions to problems than those who felt calm. In other words, you shouldn’t want to live completely free of anxiety, because you need some anxiety to get things done. (一些研究表明，相比情绪平静者，感到焦虑的人往往能提出更多、更优的解决方案。换言之，我们不应追求完全摆脱焦虑的状态，因为适度的焦虑恰恰是推动事情取得进展的动力)”可知，适度的焦虑可以推动事情发展，其承受者比情绪平静者更能很好地完成任务。由此可知，平静状态在解决问题时可能不具备优势。故选D项。 Passage 4 Everyone gets angry from time to time. Many situations make us feel angry, such as arguments with your brother, difficulties with your schoolwork, or feeling misunderstood, and many others. Anger is not always a bad thing. It may be helpful if it inspires us to meet a challenge or correct something that has gone wrong. It can also help us work harder to master a skill, to overcome a personal weakness, or stand up for what we believe in. On the other hand, anger may be harmful, especially if there is much more than reasonable. Anger may be outward or inward. Outward expressions of anger include some behaviors, such as shouting at someone, throwing things, or physically attacking others. Inward expressions of anger are times in which anger just exists without us being aware of how angry we are. In either case, anger may have a bad effect on our health, relationships, and daily activities. As parents, you have a very great influence on your kids’ behavior. No matter how old, your children are watching and learning from you, which leads to your kids using similar ways to react to all sorts of situations. So, if you let your anger get in or out of control in response to an event, your kid especially young children are more likely to see this as a model, and repeat it in their own way. Managing anger is important both for your own life and for your kids’ development. If you lose control of your anger in front of your kids, it’s wise to have a conversation and apologize for the way you reacted once you are calm — even if it has nothing to do with your children. If your anger or your child’s anger is working against you, there are many effective ways to manage it. 1．What is the attitude of the writer towards anger? _________ A．Positive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 2．What can be inferred from the passage? _________ A．Anger inwards is more harmful than that outwards. B．The adult children can do the same as their parents. C．Parents have a good or bad effect on their children. D．Parents are usually able to get their anger in control. 3．If you get angry in front of your children, what should you do according to the writer? _________ A．Decide if it’s helpful to your children. B．Discuss whether you should be angry. C．Make an explanation to your children. D．Make an apology for your being angry. 4．What will probably be talked about in the following paragraphs? _________ A．The possible reaction to your apology. B．Many effective ways to deal with anger. C．The importance to manage anger for you. D．The proper time to talk with your children. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了愤怒的利弊、表现形式及家长管理愤怒的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Anger is not always a bad thing. It may be helpful if it inspires us to meet a challenge or correct something that has gone wrong. It can also help us work harder to master a skill, to overcome a personal weakness, or stand up for what we believe in. On the other hand, anger may be harmful, especially if there is much more than reasonable.(愤怒并不总是一件坏事。如果它能激励我们迎接挑战或者纠正已经出错的事情，那么它可能是有益的。它还能帮助我们更加努力地去掌握一项技能，克服个人的弱点，或者捍卫我们所坚信的事物。另一方面，愤怒也可能是有害的，尤其是当愤怒过度的时候)”可知，作者既提到了愤怒可能带来的积极作用，如激励人们迎接挑战、改正错误等，又提到了愤怒可能带来的消极影响，尤其是过度愤怒时。所以作者对愤怒的态度是客观的。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“As parents, you have a very great influence on your kids’ behavior. No matter how old, your children are watching and learning from you, which leads to your kids using similar ways to react to all sorts of situations. So, if you let your anger get in or out of control in response to an event, your kid especially young children are more likely to see this as a model, and repeat it in their own way.(作为父母，你对孩子的行为有着非常巨大的影响。无论孩子年龄多大，他们都在观察你并向你学习，这就导致你的孩子会用类似的方式来应对各种情况。所以，如果你在面对某件事情时让自己的愤怒处于失控或半失控状态，你的孩子，尤其是年幼的孩子，更有可能将此视为一种榜样，并以他们自己的方式加以模仿)”可知，父母对孩子的行为有很大影响，孩子会观察并向父母学习。如果父母在某件事上愤怒失控，孩子很可能会模仿。这说明父母的行为对孩子有好的或坏的影响。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“If you lose control of your anger in front of your kids, it’s wise to have a conversation and apologize for the way you reacted once you are calm — even if it has nothing to do with your children.(如果你在孩子面前控制不住自己的愤怒情绪，那么等你冷静下来后，和孩子谈一谈，并为你的反应方式道歉是明智之举——即便这件事与你的孩子毫无关系)”可知，如果你在孩子面前愤怒失控，一旦冷静下来，明智的做法是进行一次谈话，并为你的反应方式道歉——即使这与你的孩子无关。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If your anger or your child’s anger is working against you, there are many effective ways to manage it.(如果你的愤怒或者你孩子的愤怒正给你们带来困扰，有很多有效的方法可以控制这种情绪)”可知，作者提到如果自己或孩子的愤怒产生了不良影响，有很多有效的方法来管理它。所以接下来很可能会谈论处理愤怒的许多有效方法。故选B。 Passage 5 ADHD is a complex disorder that goes far beyond the stereotypical image(刻板印象) of an overactive child unable to sit still in class. It’s a lifelong condition that affects both children and adults, impacting various aspects of daily life. While its core involves impaired(受损的) mental processes like planning, focusing, and multitasking, an equally critical yet less recognized challenge is emotional dysregulation(失调)—the difficulty in managing and relieving one’s emotional responses, which profoundly impacts work, relationships, and self-esteem. The emotional experience of ADHD is often described as a rollercoaster, characterized by extreme highs and lows that can change rapidly and unpredictably. During the “highs,” individuals may feel an intense surge of energy, creativity, and enthusiasm. They might embark on new projects with uncontrolled optimism, feeling unbeatable and capable of conquering the world. This state of hyper-focus and excitement can be incredibly productive, leading to bursts of creativity and accomplishment. However, these peaks are often followed by equally intense “lows”. The drop into this emotional low can be sudden and confusing. Feelings of disappointment, frustration, and self-doubt may overwhelm the individual, leading to a sense of paralysis or hopelessness. These lows can be caused by various factors, including perceived failures, criticism, or simply the natural decline of the initial excitement. The impact of these emotional fluctuations on daily life and relationships can be profound. At work, the highs might lead to bursts of productivity, while the lows can result in missed deadlines and underperformance. In personal relationships, the intensity of emotions can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. Partners, friends, and family members may struggle to keep up with the rapid mood changes, leading to strain in these relationships. Understanding what ADHD feels like is an ongoing process, not just for those who have it, but for society as a whole. By fostering greater awareness and empathy(共鸣), we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals with ADHD to thrive in all aspects of their lives. 1．What is the “rollercoaster” used to illustrate? A．The thrill-seeking nature of ADHD patients. B．The fast shifts between emotional extremes. C．The physical restlessness in classroom settings. D．The medical treatment process for ADHD． 2．What does the underlined word “fluctuations” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Extension. B．Duration. C．Changes. D．Decreases. 3．What does the author advise people to do to help those with ADHD? A．To develop stricter behavioral guidelines. B．To promote medication as the primary solution. C．To focus more research on childhood symptoms. D．To show them more understanding and support. 4．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A personal blog. B．A book review. C．A Philosophy book. D．A Mental Health website. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种复杂的疾病，不仅影响儿童和成人的日常行为，还会导致情绪调节障碍，介绍了其情绪波动的特点以及对生活和人际关系的影响，最后呼吁人们对 ADHD 患者给予更多理解和支持。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段 “The emotional experience of ADHD is often described as a rollercoaster, characterized by extreme highs and lows that can change rapidly and unpredictably.(ADHD 的情绪体验常被描述为坐过山车，其特点是情绪的极高点和极低点会迅速且不可预测地变化)” 可知，“rollercoaster” 是用来描述 ADHD 患者情绪在极端之间快速转换的情况，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“At work, the highs might lead to bursts of productivity, while the lows can result in missed deadlines and underperformance. In personal relationships, the intensity of emotions can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.(工作中，情绪高涨可能会带来工作效率的爆发，而情绪低落则会导致错过最后期限和表现不佳。在人际关系中，情绪的强烈程度会导致误解和冲突)” 可知，这里说的是情绪的变化对日常生活和人际关系的影响。“fluctuations” 与 “changes” 意思相近，选项 C（变化）符合文意，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段 “By fostering greater awareness and empathy(共鸣), we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals with ADHD to thrive in all aspects of their lives.(通过培养更多的意识和同理心，我们可以为 ADHD 患者创造一个更具包容性和支持性的环境，让他们在生活的各个方面都能茁壮成长)” 可知，作者建议人们对 ADHD 患者表现出更多的理解和支持。故选D。 4．推理判断题。短文主要说明了注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种复杂的疾病，不仅影响儿童和成人的日常行为，还会导致情绪调节障碍，介绍了其情绪波动的特点以及对生活和人际关系的影响，最后呼吁人们对 ADHD 患者给予更多理解和支持。是关于心理健康方面的内容，所以最有可能来自一个心理健康网站。故选D。 Passage 6 Cities can boost happiness just as much as the countryside — as long as they are scenic, according to experts. Naturally open spaces are typically considered to create a better mood. But in the first study of its kind, scientists found areas with lots of old buildings but not much green space can be just as good for our well-being. And the effect could be the same regardless of the weather, how wealthy the area is, the activities that take place there and the day of the week. The research leader said, “We find that people are indeed happier in more scenic environments. Built-up areas, which might consist of characterful buildings or bridges, also have a positive link to happiness.” The researchers made a survey among more than 15,000 users of the app Happiness. People are asked to report on their happiness multiple times per day while recording their current location, who they are with and what they are currently doing. To determine whether individuals are happier in more scenic environments, the team considered a range of factors that may also play a part. For example, traveling to or from your work is negatively associated with happiness, while leisure activities such as resting, gardening and walking are positively associated with happiness. The researchers said, “We find that people do report themselves to be happier when in a more scenic location, even after controlling for weather, activities, companionship, weekdays or weekends.” Although natural elements such as ponds, rivers and forest paths improved ratings on a photograph, so did churches, cottages and towers. A study surveyed 400,000 people across Canada using a widely-recognized happiness scale. They found that city dwellers (居民) have higher salaries, higher education levels and lower unemployment rates. However, that meant nothing in terms of joy: people who lived in the countryside were, on average, eight times happier than people in urban areas. 1．Which of the following is the key factor that leads to one’s happiness? A．Beautiful places. B．Tall buildings. C．Fine weather. D．Rich places. 2．What can we know from the passage? A．City dwellers are much happier than those living in the countryside. B．One is happier when he lives in an area with lots of buildings. C．One is happier to do the gardening than to travel to work. D．People are unhappier to rest at home than to make money. 3．Which is mentioned as what makes a photo look better? A．Railway tracks, ponds and rivers. B．Forest paths, cottages and towers. C．Flying planes, forests and crops. D．City buildings, subways and ships. 4．Where can you most likely read this passage? A．In a photography book. B．In a guidebook. C．In a technology report. D．In a health magazine. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了影响人们幸福感的重要因素，如人文景观、优美的风景等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Cities can boost happiness just as much as the countryside — as long as they are scenic, according to experts.(专家称，城市可以像乡村一样提升幸福感——只要它们风景优美)”和第五段“To determine whether individuals are happier in more scenic environments, the team considered a range of factors that may also play a part. For example, traveling to or from your work is negatively associated with happiness, while leisure activities such as resting, gardening and walking are positively associated with happiness.(为了确定人们是否在风景优美的环境中更快乐，研究小组考虑了一系列可能起作用的因素。例如，上班或下班的旅行与幸福感负相关，而休息、园艺和散步等休闲活动与幸福感正相关)”可知，影响幸福感的重要因素是优美的环境或风景，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中“For example, traveling to or from your work is negatively associated with happiness, while leisure activities such as resting, gardening and walking are positively associated with happiness.(例如，上班或下班的旅行与幸福感负相关，而休息、园艺和散步等休闲活动与幸福感正相关)”可知，像园艺之类的休闲活动比上班更使人们开心，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Although natural elements such as ponds, rivers and forest paths improved ratings on a photograph, so did churches, cottages and towers.(虽然池塘、河流和林中幽径等自然元素提高了照片的评分，但教堂、小屋和高塔也是如此)”可知，池塘、河流和林中幽径等自然元素能为一张照片加分，教堂、乡间小屋和高塔等也有同样的作用，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Cities can boost happiness just as much as the countryside — as long as they are scenic, according to experts.(专家称，城市可以像乡村一样提升幸福感——只要它们风景优美)”可知，文章说明和阐释了影响人们幸福感的因素，属于健康科普类文章，最有可能在健康杂志上读到这篇文章。故选D。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点话题08 身心健康与人际关系 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 人教版选择性必修三 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle 人教版选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 1 Laugh out loud! 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 译林版选择性必修二 Unit 3 Fit for life 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 介绍了孤独是全球健康威胁，表现为缺乏社交联系等。 Passage 2 阅读理解 探讨了自我认知的重要性、定义以及人类在自我认知方面的局限性和改进方法。 Passage 3 阅读理解 介绍了适度焦虑具有积极作用，它能提升专注力也能转化为解决问题的行动力。 Passage 4 阅读理解 讨论了愤怒的利弊、表现形式及家长管理愤怒的重要性。 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明了注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种复杂的疾病。 Passage 6 阅读理解 介绍了影响人们幸福感的重要因素，如人文景观、优美的风景等。 主题简析素材积累 本专题的主题语境为 “身心健康与人际关系”，该主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “人与自我”“人与社会” 两大主题范畴下的重要子话题。“身心健康” 聚焦于学生对自身身体和心理状态的认知、维护与调适，涵盖了健康的生活方式（如合理饮食、规律运动、充足睡眠）、情绪管理（应对压力、焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪）以及心理韧性的培养等方面，引导学生树立正确的健康观念，关注自身身心健康发展，这属于 “人与自我” 主题范畴。而 “人际关系” 则侧重于学生在家庭、学校、社会等不同环境中与他人建立、发展和维护关系的能力，包括亲子关系、师生关系、同伴关系、朋友关系以及未来将面临的职场关系等，探讨如何有效沟通、解决冲突、建立信任、表达尊重与关爱等，此部分内容紧密关联 “人与社会” 主题范畴。这一主题语境对于高二学生的英语学习及个人成长意义重大，通过学习相关英语知识和文本，学生不仅能够提升语言运用能力，更能在跨文化交流中理解不同文化背景下对于身心健康和人际关系的认知差异，同时也能从所学内容中汲取智慧，指导自己在现实生活中塑造健康身心，构建和谐良好的人际关系。 句子积累 It is well - known that physical exercise is beneficial to both our physical and mental health.（众所周知，体育锻炼对我们的身心健康都有益。） A balanced diet, together with regular exercise and enough sleep, contributes to a healthy lifestyle.（均衡的饮食，加上定期锻炼和充足睡眠，有助于形成健康的生活方式。） When faced with stress, we should learn to take appropriate measures to relieve it, such as listening to music or doing yoga.（当面临压力时，我们应该学会采取适当措施来缓解它，比如听音乐或做瑜伽。） Good communication skills play a crucial role in building and maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships.（良好的沟通技巧在建立和维护健康的人际关系中起着至关重要的作用。） In order to resolve conflicts effectively, we need to put ourselves in others' shoes and try to understand their perspectives.（为了有效地解决冲突，我们需要设身处地为他人着想，尝试理解他们的观点。） Mutual respect and trust are the foundation of any strong relationship.（相互尊重和信任是任何牢固关系的基础。） We should value the support from our family and friends, for they are an important part of our emotional well - being.（我们应该重视来自家人和朋友的支持，因为他们是我们情感健康的重要组成部分。） It is important to express our feelings and thoughts clearly in communication, which can avoid misunderstandings.（在交流中清楚地表达我们的感受和想法很重要，这可以避免误解。） Loneliness can have a negative impact on our mental health, so we should actively seek social connections.（孤独会对我们的心理健康产生负面影响，所以我们应该积极寻求社交联系。） A positive attitude towards life helps us stay optimistic and energetic in the face of difficulties.（对生活的积极态度帮助我们在面对困难时保持乐观和精力充沛。） 必备词块 physical and mental health 身心健康 emotional well - being 情绪健康；情感幸福 maintain a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食 work out regularly 定期锻炼 get enough sleep 获得充足睡眠 manage stress 应对压力 relieve anxiety 缓解焦虑 build up resilience 增强心理韧性 interpersonal relationship 人际关系 family bond 家庭纽带 peer pressure 同伴压力 communicate effectively 有效沟通 resolve conflicts 解决冲突 show respect for 对…… 表示尊重 gain trust 获得信任 mutual understanding 相互理解 social isolation 社会孤立 a sense of belonging 归属感 support system 支持体系 positive influence 积极影响 实战演练 Passage 1 Loneliness has become a global health threat Do you feel lonely? Don’t rush to a “no” answer just yet — the World Health Organization (WHO) recently addressed loneliness as a pressing health threat. It called for countries and organizations to make social connections a priority. Loneliness, although commonly described as the state of being alone, is actually a state of mind marked by feelings of isolation (孤独) despite wanting social connections. So, people who are lonely usually experience the emotional pain of not being connected with others. Solitude (独处), on the other hand, is voluntary (自愿的). People who enjoy spending time by themselves continue to maintain positive social relationships that they can return to when they want connection, according to the Verywell Mind website. Social isolation impacts the health and well-being of all age groups across the world. According to the WHO, one in four old people experience social isolation. Among adolescents (青少年), between 5 and 15 percent experience loneliness, but the numbers are likely to be underestimations (低估), said the organization. “Young people are not immune (不受影响的) to loneliness. Social isolation can affect anyone, of any age, anywhere,” said Chido Mpemba, African Union youth envoy, in the WHO’s press release on loneliness. In terms of teenagers, social disconnection can lead to poorer education outcomes since young people who have experienced loneliness in high school are more likely to drop out of university. Lack of social connection carries an equivalent risk of early death with other better-known risk factors such as smoking, obesity (肥胖) and air pollution, or potentially even greater. Loneliness has a far-reaching impact comparable to smoking up to 15 cigarettes (香烟) a day, according to a 2017 study. Previous studies have shown that loneliness has been linked to anxiety and depression and can increase the risk of heart disease by 30 percent. A 2015 study looked at the immune systems of its participants who were identified as lonely. It showed that they tend to have more inflammation (炎症) and less immunity, which can be a result of feeling stressed due to loneliness. To tackle this crisis, the WHO launched the Commission on Social Connection, which will hold its first leadership meeting from Dec 6 to 8 to outline solutions to build social connections at scale. 1．What can we learn about people experiencing loneliness from the text? A．They prefer solitude over social interaction. B．They feel lacking in social connection. C．They feel other people isolate them on purpose. D．They struggle to maintain social relationships. 2．How does loneliness affect people of different ages, according to WHO? A．It is harder for older people to get rid of it. B．Teenagers are usually not influenced by it. C．People can suffer from it regardless of their age. D．Adults experience it primarily due to workplace stress. 3．How does the author explain the impact of loneliness on health? A．By citing previous studies. B．By asking the readers some questions. C．By interviewing lonely people. D．By comparing it with other diseases. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this article? A．To raise awareness about loneliness. B．To give advice on how to prevent social isolation. C．To stress the need for mental health evaluations. D．To warn people of diseases related to loneliness. Passage 2 “Know thyself” is the most famous saying of Greek philosophy. The idea of self-knowledge is so foundational to a meaningful existence. In his tragedy (悲剧) Thyestes, the Stoic philosopher Seneca writes, “Death lies heavily on him / Who, though to all the world well known, / Is stranger to himself alone.” And as Shakespeare asserts in his comedy As You Like It, “The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man /knows himself to be a fool.” What exactly does it mean to know yourself? For neuroscientists, self-knowledge is the combination of two forms of information, your own self-beliefs and your perceptions of how others view you. This technical definition of self-knowledge concerns only the mechanisms involved and does not say anything about the quality of the information. In effect, if you think you’re a rooster and believe others see you as one too, that counts as self-knowledge. However, I strongly question that the thinkers at Greece had a bit more in mind than this; they no doubt meant “Know thyself accurately.” That is a much taller order, requiring a huge quantity of truthful information about your inner states — attitudes, beliefs, emotions, and motives. Accurate self-knowledge also means avoiding mistakes and correcting illusions, being completely honest with yourself, and predicting how you will feel and react in the future. By this impossibly strict standard, we probably all overestimate our capacity for accurate self-knowledge. Psychological experiments have revealed that ratings of one’s own self-assessments are “moderate to poor” in accuracy and are generally less sound than external evaluations. One reason is that we’re likely to make cognitive (认知的) errors about what we see happening in our lives. Researchers have found that humans are easy to miss seeing our problems, mistakes, and opportunities. Many things in our lives go unnoticed because we don’t know the language for them or don’t understand them. This is called hypo-cognition, a deficit of cognition. In studies exploring this phenomenon, British participants were more likely to notice cheese than Asian dumplings in their daily lives, while Chinese participants noticed the reverse. Much of our self-knowledge deficit comes from willful ignorance. Psychologists have long observed the human tendency to use motivated reasoning to reassure ourselves that our opinions are right, to ignore critical self-reflective information, and generally to maintain positive illusions and find ways to avoid facing reality-based negative emotions. So basic and necessary to our being are these traits that collectively they have been called our “psychological immune system.” This characteristic rationalizing is almost certainly based in our biology. This human capacity to maintain ignorance in the face of potentially negative self-knowledge might make you more comfortable in the short term, but it leads to many missed opportunities for greater well-being and success in the long run. Research has shown that more honest self-awareness — of both positive and negative information — improves self-development because you know what to improve. This enables better personal decision making rooted in accurate information, especially when striving toward goals. 1．The author mentions Seneca and Shakespeare mainly to ______. A．draw a comparison B．give a suggestion C．explain a concept D．strengthen an argument 2．As for the definition of self-knowledge from neuroscientists, the author is ______. A．appreciative B．suspicious C．unconcerned D．neutral 3．What does the term “hypo-cognition” underlined in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．The inability to process truthful information. B．The refusal to reflect on negative information. C．The lack of concepts to describe specific experiences. D．The tendency to spot cultural differences in perception. 4．It is implied in this passage that we should ______. A．focus on negative rather than positive feedback B．follow the beliefs and emotions of our internal states C．stop making excuses for unfavorable self-knowledge D．spare no effort to get rid of imperfect self-knowledge Passage 3 The first time my improv (即兴表演) teacher called me to act out a scene, my throat tightened and my vision blurred (模糊). Performing silly scenes in front of others made my anxiety shoot through the roof. Every time I tried to improvise, I froze. I swore everyone could hear my racing heartbeat, and I kept trying to force myself to relax instead of focusing on the scene. For weeks, I fought against my anxiety. I’d get angry at myself for feeling nervous during something “fun”, trying to ignore the butterflies in my stomach. But psychologists now say that approach was wrong — some anxiety can actually be helpful. The Yerkes-Dodson Curve, a well-known psychology concept, explains this. When anxiety is too high, people underperform, because they might be so worried. When it’s too low, they also suffer, because they might be so relaxed. “There’s a middle zone where anxiety becomes useful,” says Dr. Shannon Sauer-Zavala from the University of Kentucky. “It signals, ‘This matters  — pay attention and prepare.’” Psychologist Dennis-Tiwary writes in her book Future Tense that when her son was diagnosed with a heart condition as a baby, anxiety and worry intensified her efforts to get him help. “Worry pushed me to figure out how to maximize the chances of a successful surgery,” she writes. Her mind racing, she read academic articles about her son’s condition, made lists of questions for his doctors and searched community forums for information. “In the end,” she writes, “it was the worry that helped us get through.” Anxiety can be a form of caring, of our minds highlighting what matters. It tells us that accomplishing our goals will require efforts, and it pushes us to think about what efforts, exactly, we should take. It motivates us to take action. In some studies, people who felt anxious came up with more and better solutions to problems than those who felt calm. In other words, you shouldn’t want to live completely free of anxiety, because you need some anxiety to get things done. 1．How did the author feel when improvising? A．He felt relaxed by focusing on the scene. B．Nervous, he forgot his improv completely. C．With his heart racing, he tried to calm down. D．He felt annoyed at being called to improvise. 2．According to the Yerkes-Dodson Curve, how does anxiety affect one’s performance? A．The higher anxiety is, the better one’s performance is. B．Too low anxiety leads to one’s suffering mental health. C．Balanced anxiety betters one’s attention and preparations. D．A middle zone makes anxiety useful to one’s performance. 3．What does the underlined word “intensified” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Pursued. B．Fueled. C．Concentrated. D．Combined. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．It requires efforts to accomplish our goals. B．Life with anxiety is completely unavoidable. C．Anxiety is always there to help you get projects done. D．Feeling calm can not be an advantage in completing a task. Passage 4 Everyone gets angry from time to time. Many situations make us feel angry, such as arguments with your brother, difficulties with your schoolwork, or feeling misunderstood, and many others. Anger is not always a bad thing. It may be helpful if it inspires us to meet a challenge or correct something that has gone wrong. It can also help us work harder to master a skill, to overcome a personal weakness, or stand up for what we believe in. On the other hand, anger may be harmful, especially if there is much more than reasonable. Anger may be outward or inward. Outward expressions of anger include some behaviors, such as shouting at someone, throwing things, or physically attacking others. Inward expressions of anger are times in which anger just exists without us being aware of how angry we are. In either case, anger may have a bad effect on our health, relationships, and daily activities. As parents, you have a very great influence on your kids’ behavior. No matter how old, your children are watching and learning from you, which leads to your kids using similar ways to react to all sorts of situations. So, if you let your anger get in or out of control in response to an event, your kid especially young children are more likely to see this as a model, and repeat it in their own way. Managing anger is important both for your own life and for your kids’ development. If you lose control of your anger in front of your kids, it’s wise to have a conversation and apologize for the way you reacted once you are calm — even if it has nothing to do with your children. If your anger or your child’s anger is working against you, there are many effective ways to manage it. 1．What is the attitude of the writer towards anger? _________ A．Positive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 2．What can be inferred from the passage? _________ A．Anger inwards is more harmful than that outwards. B．The adult children can do the same as their parents. C．Parents have a good or bad effect on their children. D．Parents are usually able to get their anger in control. 3．If you get angry in front of your children, what should you do according to the writer? _________ A．Decide if it’s helpful to your children. B．Discuss whether you should be angry. C．Make an explanation to your children. D．Make an apology for your being angry. 4．What will probably be talked about in the following paragraphs? _________ A．The possible reaction to your apology. B．Many effective ways to deal with anger. C．The importance to manage anger for you. D．The proper time to talk with your children. Passage 5 ADHD is a complex disorder that goes far beyond the stereotypical image(刻板印象) of an overactive child unable to sit still in class. It’s a lifelong condition that affects both children and adults, impacting various aspects of daily life. While its core involves impaired(受损的) mental processes like planning, focusing, and multitasking, an equally critical yet less recognized challenge is emotional dysregulation(失调)—the difficulty in managing and relieving one’s emotional responses, which profoundly impacts work, relationships, and self-esteem. The emotional experience of ADHD is often described as a rollercoaster, characterized by extreme highs and lows that can change rapidly and unpredictably. During the “highs,” individuals may feel an intense surge of energy, creativity, and enthusiasm. They might embark on new projects with uncontrolled optimism, feeling unbeatable and capable of conquering the world. This state of hyper-focus and excitement can be incredibly productive, leading to bursts of creativity and accomplishment. However, these peaks are often followed by equally intense “lows”. The drop into this emotional low can be sudden and confusing. Feelings of disappointment, frustration, and self-doubt may overwhelm the individual, leading to a sense of paralysis or hopelessness. These lows can be caused by various factors, including perceived failures, criticism, or simply the natural decline of the initial excitement. The impact of these emotional fluctuations on daily life and relationships can be profound. At work, the highs might lead to bursts of productivity, while the lows can result in missed deadlines and underperformance. In personal relationships, the intensity of emotions can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. Partners, friends, and family members may struggle to keep up with the rapid mood changes, leading to strain in these relationships. Understanding what ADHD feels like is an ongoing process, not just for those who have it, but for society as a whole. By fostering greater awareness and empathy(共鸣), we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals with ADHD to thrive in all aspects of their lives. 1．What is the “rollercoaster” used to illustrate? A．The thrill-seeking nature of ADHD patients. B．The fast shifts between emotional extremes. C．The physical restlessness in classroom settings. D．The medical treatment process for ADHD． 2．What does the underlined word “fluctuations” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Extension. B．Duration. C．Changes. D．Decreases. 3．What does the author advise people to do to help those with ADHD? A．To develop stricter behavioral guidelines. B．To promote medication as the primary solution. C．To focus more research on childhood symptoms. D．To show them more understanding and support. 4．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A personal blog. B．A book review. C．A Philosophy book. D．A Mental Health website. Passage 6 Cities can boost happiness just as much as the countryside — as long as they are scenic, according to experts. Naturally open spaces are typically considered to create a better mood. But in the first study of its kind, scientists found areas with lots of old buildings but not much green space can be just as good for our well-being. And the effect could be the same regardless of the weather, how wealthy the area is, the activities that take place there and the day of the week. The research leader said, “We find that people are indeed happier in more scenic environments. Built-up areas, which might consist of characterful buildings or bridges, also have a positive link to happiness.” The researchers made a survey among more than 15,000 users of the app Happiness. People are asked to report on their happiness multiple times per day while recording their current location, who they are with and what they are currently doing. To determine whether individuals are happier in more scenic environments, the team considered a range of factors that may also play a part. For example, traveling to or from your work is negatively associated with happiness, while leisure activities such as resting, gardening and walking are positively associated with happiness. The researchers said, “We find that people do report themselves to be happier when in a more scenic location, even after controlling for weather, activities, companionship, weekdays or weekends.” Although natural elements such as ponds, rivers and forest paths improved ratings on a photograph, so did churches, cottages and towers. A study surveyed 400,000 people across Canada using a widely-recognized happiness scale. They found that city dwellers (居民) have higher salaries, higher education levels and lower unemployment rates. However, that meant nothing in terms of joy: people who lived in the countryside were, on average, eight times happier than people in urban areas. 1．Which of the following is the key factor that leads to one’s happiness? A．Beautiful places. B．Tall buildings. C．Fine weather. D．Rich places. 2．What can we know from the passage? A．City dwellers are much happier than those living in the countryside. B．One is happier when he lives in an area with lots of buildings. C．One is happier to do the gardening than to travel to work. D．People are unhappier to rest at home than to make money. 3．Which is mentioned as what makes a photo look better? A．Railway tracks, ponds and rivers. B．Forest paths, cottages and towers. C．Flying planes, forests and crops. D．City buildings, subways and ships. 4．Where can you most likely read this passage? A．In a photography book. B．In a guidebook. C．In a technology report. D．In a health magazine. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$