Unit 3 Getting along with others（1）-《同步教学培优》2025-2026学年高一英语知识提炼+能力训练 （译林版必修第一册）

Unit 3 Getting along with others上 1.1 Welcome to the unit &Reading 重点词汇 1. __________ adj.笨拙的；尴尬的； 2. __________ n. 视野；视力；看见 3. __________ adj.起初的；独创的 4. __________ n. 传播信息的媒介；方法；手段；工具 （pl.__________ ） adj. 中等的；中号的 5. __________ adj.令人震惊的；可恶的；极坏的 6. __________ vt. 恢复健康；恢复常态 vi. 全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复；重新控制 7. __________ vt. & vi.回答，回应；做出反应，响应 8. __________ vt. & vi. 评价；（尤指）批评；判断；认为 n. 法官；裁判员 9. __________ vi. 道歉，谢罪 10. __________ n. 行为，举止，态度 11. __________ adj. 坦率的；直言的 12. __________ adv. 肯定的，确实；确切地 13. __________ vt. 欺骗，欺诈 n. 轨迹，花招；戏法 14. __________ vt. 忽视；对…不予理会 15. __________ vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. 受苦，受折磨；变差 16. __________ vt. & vi. 误会，误解 17. __________ vt. &n. 联系，联络 18. __________ vt. 使爆炸 vt. （愤怒等情感）爆发；爆炸 重点词组 1. ______________________ （关系）陷入困境，濒临奔溃 2. ______________________ 脱离某人视线 3. ______________________ 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功 4. ______________________ 不知所措，困惑 5. ______________________ 有错，应承担责任 6. ______________________ 乐于做某事 7. ______________________ 闲逛 8. ______________________ 拾起，捡起 9. ______________________ 和某人聊天 10. ______________________ 和某人玩的开心 11. ______________________ 无论如何，不管怎样 12. ______________________ 放弃；摈弃；松手；放开 13. ______________________ 面对面 重点句型 1. be to do be do do 表示将要发生的动作 2. have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 知识点梳理 1. awkward awkwardly adv.笨拙地；无技巧地 awkwardness n. 尴尬；笨拙 clumsy adj. 笨拙的；不得体的 （同义词） 原文：When I was an awkward primary student…. 当我还是个笨手笨脚的小学生时…。(教材P30) ◆ adj. 笨拙的；令人的尴尬的；难对付的 making sb feel embarrassed 令某人尴尬；使某人难堪 an awkward customer (= a person who is difficult to deal with) 难对付的家伙 an awkward time 不是时候 awkward position 尴尬地位令人不舒服的姿态 awkward gap 难以处理的隔阂 awkward question 棘手的问题 ①The situation is an awkward one, whichever way you look at it. 无论从哪一方面看，这个局面都很尴尬。 ②15 is an awkward age. 15岁是个尴尬的年纪。 ③ Have I come at an awkward time? 我来得不是时候吧 2. sight sightseeing n. 观光；游览 原文：…we hardly out of each other’s sight. 我们几乎形影不离。 (教材P30) ◆n. 视力；视野；看见 in sight 看的见 out of sight 看不见；脱离视线 lose sight 失明 at the sight of… 一看见… at first sight 乍一看 in the sight of sb 从某人的观点看 short sight 近视；目光短浅 ①He has very little sight in his right eye. 他右眼视力极弱。 ②I have been known to faint at the sight of blood. 大家都知道，我看到血就会昏倒。 ③Leave any valuables in your car out of sight . 把贵重物品留在车里看不见的地方。 ④We're going to Paris for the weekend to see the sights . 我们打算去巴黎过周末，参观那里的名胜。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When he _____(lose) his sight，his wife suggested that he apply for a guide dog. ②The woman stood there until the plane was ___ of sight. ③__ the sight of the teacher，the boy began to run. ④Suddenly I _________ my English teacher in the crowd. 突然，我在人群中看到了我的英语老师。 3. pick up 原文：But last Saturday, she broke my heart, and I’m still picking up the pieces. 但是上周六，她伤了我的心，我想仍然在收拾残局。(教材P30) ◆vt. 捡起；开车接某人；接收（信号）；加快；整理，收拾；（偶尔）习得；恢复健康；好转 【跟踪典例】写出下列句子中pick up 的汉语意思 ①Mother asked me to pick up the room. ②She bent forward to pick up the newspaper. ③Industrial production is beginning to pick up. ④Where did you pick up your English? ⑤We can pick up Mexican television. ⑥I will go to the airport to pick up my American friend. 【拓展延伸】pick and choose 挑,挑捡,挑三拣四 pick off 摘掉；拔去；截取 pick out 挑出,辨认出 pick holes in 找某人的碴儿 pick one's way 行路谨慎 pick oneself up (跌倒后)爬起来 pick apart 撕碎；对 ...吹毛求疵；严厉批评 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①Could you ___________ the red kites? 你能挑选出红色的风筝吗？ ②Starting today, we must ______________, dust ourself off and begin the work of remarkingAmerica. 从今天起，让我们团结一致，振作精神，开始重塑美国。 ③No matter how wonderful a TV programme is, there are always people who like to _____________. 无论一个电视节目多么精彩，总有人要挑它的毛病。 4. original origin n.起源；原点；出身；开端 originally 最初，起初；本来 原文： Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon. 我们最初的计划是那天下午去电影院看电影。 (教材P30) ◆adj. 起初的；独创的 original intention 初衷；原始意图 original state 原状；初始状态 an original idea 独到的见解 in origin起源于 On the Origin of Species《物种起源》 ①This is a book full of profound, original, and challenging insights. 这是一本充满高深、新颖且富有挑战性见解的书。 ②Originally, we had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece. 我们本来打算去意大利，但后来获得机会去了希腊。 ③Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan. 传说端午节的起源是为了纪念屈原的灵魂。 【跟踪典例】 ①I think you should go back to ______________. 我认为你应该回头执行你原来的计划。 ②_____________, she eventually shortened her name to Lee. 她原本叫莉莉，最后她把名字缩写成了莉。 ③Their medical problems are basically physical _____________. 他们的疾病基本是身体上的问题造成的。 5. make it 原文：When I called her, she said she may not be able to make it to the cinema. 当我打电话给她时，她说她可能去不了电影院了。(教材P30) ◆能够出席（或到场）；准时到达；获得成功；渡过难关 【跟踪典例】写出下列句子中make it 的汉语意思 ①We can make it any day to visit the park. ②The train leaves in 20 minutes, can we make it？ ③He did not make it to another summer and died in that winter. 【拓展延伸】make up 弥补 ; 构成 ; 编造 ; 组成 make sense 讲得通 ; 有意义 ; 有道理 ; 言之有理 make for 走向 ; 有助于 ; 促进 ; 导致 make mistakes 犯错误 ; 学会犯错 ; 出错 make headway 取得进展 ; 有进展 ; 前进 ; 取得盼望 make good 成功 ; 弥补 ; 履行诺言 ; 补偿 make clear 澄清 ; 弄清楚 ; 表明 ; 说明 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I think we should all work for peace.Each of us can make a _______ (different)． ②Nobody likes __________ (make) fun of. ③I will try my best to make up ____ the lost time during the summer vacation. ④You needn't worry；he will _____．你不必担心，他会办成的。 [小片段填空] As a child，my being short ______ (make) use of by my students to make fun __ me.Unluckily，I didn't make sense __ it at that time.I thought they were too young to make ___ the right and wrong.However，I was upset about it all day.Later，I worked hard to make up ___ that.Now，it makes __ difference. 6. judge judg(e) ment n. 判断力；意见；看法 原文：Don’t be so quickly to judge your friend. 不要太快判断你的朋友。(教材P31) ◆vt./vi. 评价（尤指）批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员 (1) judge… from…/ by 根据… 判断 as far as sb can judge 根据某人判断 (2) make a judgment on 对… 做出评价 in one’s judgment 在某人看来 ①Judging by her last letter, they are having a wonderful time. 从她上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。 ②As far as I can judge, all of them are to blame. 依我看，他们都应承担责任。 ③I depended on his companionship and on his judgment. 我依赖他的陪伴和他的判断。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①_____(judge) by the look on Adam's face，the news must be terrible. ②He judged them _____ (be) the best plays he had ever seen. ③The boy showed excellent _________(judge) in choosing a friend. ④We_______________ his appearance.我们不应该以貌取人。 7. apologize apology n. 道歉；谢罪 原文：Perhaps she knows she’s in the wrong and wanted to apologize. 或许她知道自己错了并且想道歉。(教材P31) ◆vt. 道歉 谢罪 (1) apologize for sth 因为某事道歉 apologize to sb for sth 因为某事向某人道歉 (2) make an apology to sb for sth 因为某事向某人道歉 ①We apologize for the late departure of this flight. 本航班起飞延误，谨致歉意 ② In face, the young girl owed me an apology 她已四天不见踪影，大家对她的安全很担心。 ③You need to make an apology to the teacher for being late for class. 你应该为上课迟到一事向老师道歉。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He offered me an apology for ____ (lose) my book. ②We _______(apology) for the late departure of this flight. ③I will apologize to her __ not delivering her goods on time. ④In effect，the young girl ___________．事实上，这个女孩欠我一个道歉。 8.behavior behave vt. 举动；表现 原文：… Or she has a simple explanation for her behavior. 或者她对自己的行为有一个简单的解释。(教材P31) ◆n. 行为；举止；态度 (1)social behavior 社会行为， aggressive behavior 攻击行为 moral behavior 道德行为 (2) behave well/ badly 表现好/ 不好 be have oneself 表现得体；行为好；有礼貌 ①Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits. 了解这些原因能够让我们检查自身行为，改正坏习惯。 ②Boys and girls may behave differently. 男孩儿和女孩儿的表现可能不同。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The woman asked her son to behave ______(him) at the party. ②The young man behaved ____(bad)，which made his girlfriend angry. ③There's no excuse for _______ (behave) like that. ④I want you to ____________ while I'm away.我不在家时你们要乖乖的。 9. case 原文：In any case, find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her.无论如何，找个机会和他深入，坦诚的谈一谈。(教材P31) ◆n. 具体情况；事件；案例；容器 in any case 无论如何 in case conj. 万一；假使 in the case of 至于，在…的情况下 in case of 万一；如果发生；假设 in this case 既然这样，假若这样 in that case 既然那样 in no case 决不 （= at no time） ①In case you should need any help, here's my number. 万一你需要帮助的话，这是我的电话号码 ②In any case, however, Mr. Ryan was more right than he knew. 然而，无论如何，瑞安先生比他所知道的更正确 ③We can make an exception in this case. 此事可以通融。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Can you think of a case _____the word is properly used? ②In most _____ (case)，we get on well with each other. ③This time，we stayed together，__ case anything else unusual happened. ④ ________ should you shout at your parents who love you deeply. 任何情况下你都不应该冲着深爱着你的父母喊叫。 10. trick 原文：When I found out that I was tricked by him…. 当我发现我被他骗了…。(教材P17) ◆vt. 欺骗；欺诈 n. 诡计，花招；把戏 (1) trick sb in to doing sth 欺骗做人做某事 trick sb out of sth 从某人那里骗走某物 (2) play a trick/ tricks on sb 恶搞某人；欺骗某人；捉弄某人 hat trick 帽子戏法（指连入三球） ①I'm surprised you fell for that trick. 我感到惊奇，你竟中了那个诡计 ②He tricked me into lending him ￡100. 他骗我借给了他100英镑 ③The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄老师。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It's cruel to make fun __ people who stammer. ②The lady _______ (trick) out of her diamond necklace yesterday. ③We were tricked into _____ (buy) a poor car，which made me very upset. ④The kids are always _________ their teachers. 孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄他们的老师。 11. ignore ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的 ignorance n. 无知，愚昧；不知，不懂 原文：However, if your friend ignore your feelings or make you suffer…. 然而，如果你的朋友忽略了你的感受并使你痛苦…。(教材P31) ◆vt. 欺骗；欺诈 n. 诡计，花招；把戏 (1) ignore sb 不理某人；忽视某人 ignore traffic rules 无视交通规则 (2) be ignorant of/ about 不知道 ①He ignored all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette. 他无视所有“禁止吸烟”的警示，点了香烟。 ②She ignored him and carried on with her work. 她没理他，继续干她的活 ③He's ignorant about modern technology. 他对现代科技一无所知。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The man is ______(ignore) of the dangers of too much sun. ②I am embarrassed by my complete ______ (ignore) of history. ③The singer held his head and walked past，______(ignore) his fans. ④It is wrong of teenagers ______________． 青少年无视交通规则是不对的。 [小片段填空] He ______ the doctor's advice，so he is in ______ of his serious illness now；that is to say，he is _____ that he is in danger.(ignore) 12. suffer suffering n. 痛苦；苦难 suffer n. 患病者；受难者 原文：However, if your friend ignore your feelings or make you suffer…. 然而，如果你的朋友忽略了你的感受并使你痛苦…。(教材P31) ◆vi. 受苦；受折磨；变差 vt. 遭受；蒙受 suffer from 忍受，遭受；患…病；受…之苦 suffer for 因…而遭受 suffer loss 遭受损失 suffer through 挨过；熬过 suffer defeat 遭受失败 ①I hate to see animals suffering. 我不忍心看动物受苦。 ②He suffered a massive heart attack. 他的心脏病发作很严重。 ③Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff. 许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。 辨析：suffer，suffer from suffer 指“遭受苦痛、损失，忍受侮辱”等，其宾语通常为pain，loss，damage，punishment，defeat，hardship，discouragement，disappointment等抽象名词，一般不用于被动语态。 suffer from 指“遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之苦”，其后常接表示疾病或造成不幸或痛苦的事物的名词，一般不用于被动语态。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He slept on firewood and straw to remind him of his _______(suffer)． ②The old man often helped those ______(suffer) a great loss in the earthquake. ③He suffers ____ asthma. ④The girl who lost her parents __________ during those years. 那些年这个失去父母的女孩承受了很大的压力。 [小片段填空] I ________ (suffer) pain in my past 10 years，and now my company is suffering ____ a shortage of skilled staff，which brings me some _______(suffer) as well. 13. contact 原文：Then I got a call from a friend who I hadn’t contacted for a long time. 后来我接到一个很久没有联系的朋友的电话。(教材P33) ◆vt. / n. 联系；联络 (1) contact sb 联系某人 contact with 与…联系 (2) in contact with 接触；与…有联系 make contact with与…联系 eye contact 目光接触；眼神交会 contact details 联系方式 ①If necessary , you can contact me at home. 必要的话，我在家时你也可以和我联系。 ②He was in direct contact with the kidnappers. 他与绑匪有直接联络。 ③Though they all live nearby, I lost contact with them really quickly. 虽然他们都住在附近，我真地很快就与他们失去了联系。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①__________________ is a basic human need. 和他人接触是人的基本需要。 ②He avoids any _______________, quickly averting his gaze when anyone approaches. 他避免任何目光接触，任何人接近他时，他都会迅速转移视线。 ③After the divorce, their father still _____________________ the boys. 离婚后，他们的父亲仍和儿子们保持着密切联系。 句型 1. be do do 表示将要发生的动作 原文： Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon. 我们最初的计划是那天下午去电影院看电影。 (教材P30) 【句式分析】 本句中 “to see a film at the cinema that after ” 是不定式作表语，在句中表示将来发生的动作。 be to do sth 表示按照计划，安排，决定，命令等要做的事或注定要做的事 be about to do sth（… when）表示即将，马上要做的事 be going to do sth 表示说话者主观打算做某事或者客观迹象表明即将发生的事 ①Here is a message for you: you are to the office after class. 这里有一份给你的留言：你下课后去办公室。 ②An agreement was about to be reached when the other side raised new issues. 快要达成协议的时候，对方又节外生枝。 ③I am going to water my flowers. 我打算浇浇我自己的花。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①No one is ______________ the room without permission. 未经允许，任何人不得离开这个房间。 ②Want to solve this problem. _________________ from him. 想要解决这个问题，就要从他开始 ③I _______________ to Clara and she'll surely send me a whole lot more. 我要给克拉拉写信，她一定会寄给我更多的。 2. have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 原文： Teenagers may have difficulty maintaining their friendships.青少年在维系友谊方面存在困难。(教材P33) 【句式分析】 have trouble/ difficult (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 have trouble/ difficult with/ in sth 在某方面有困难 ①We have trouble getting staff. 我们在招聘雇员方面有困难。 ②Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently. 每逢我们在学习上遇到困难，老师总是耐心辅导。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①That day we had no trouble _____(find) his new house. ②It is said that they had little trouble ___ new school life. ③You can't imagine what trouble she has ______(raise) her children. ④The boy ________________ his classmates. 这个男孩在与同学好好相处方面有困难。 3.whether...or...引导让步状语从句 (教材P30)　Whether we're walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend，we're hardly out of each other's sight. 无论我们是步行去学校，做作业还是仅仅在周末闲逛，我们几乎都在彼此的视线之内。 句式分析： “Whether we're walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend”为whether...or...引导的让步状语从句，whether表示“不管，无论”。 [例1]Whether he works hard or not，I don't think he will pass his examination. 不管他学习努力与否，我都认为他不会通过考试。 [例2]Whether you go camping or stay at home，you must attach importance to your safety. 无论你们是出去野营还是待在家里，你们都必须注意安全。 [归纳拓展] (1)whether...or (not)...为固定句型，意为“不管是……还是……；不论……是否……”，引导让步状语从句。whether不可以用if替换。 (2)whether还可以引导名词性从句。whether和if都可以表示“是否”，但下面三种情况只能用whether： ①引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和介词后的宾语从句中，只可以用whether。 ②动词后的宾语从句中，如果直接跟了or not，或者动词是discuss，一般也只能用whether。 ③后接动词不定式时只能用whether。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I shall go，______ you come with me or stay at home. ②Whether she wins __ loses，this is her last chance. ③_______you believe it or not，it's true. ④ ，I will carry out the plan.无论你是否同意，我都会执行这个计划。 课堂练习 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．_____(trick) by that girl，he felt extremely angry. 2．How can I make contact ___ that famous engineer? 3．If she leaves，it will be a big___(lose) to the school. 4．Leave any valuables in your car out __ sight. 5．He walked past，________(ignore) all of us completely. 6．As long as you have a dream，keep trying and you'll make __． 7．I don't see why I couldn't do it.__ any case，I'm going to try. 8．Why should I go and _______(apology) to her? 9．________(judge) from her accent，I could tell that she was from the south. 10．The old woman decided to comfort the man ________(suffer) great loss. Ⅱ.短语填空 on the rocks；out of one's sight；at a loss；in the wrong；pick up；hang out；make it；in any case；face to face；let go of 1．My mother is coming back today.My father will ____ her ___ at the airport. 2．The doctors think he's going to ______，which gives us a big relief. 3．_______，I will go to the ceremony and say hello to them. 4．You'd better ______ hate and walk on in the path of your life. 5．Her son's marriage was _______，which made her anxious. 6．The two have never met ________ before—this is the first time. 7．The situation got worse and she was _______ as to what to do next. 8．I waved goodbye to my mother till the train was ________． 9．The boy likes _________ with some naughty children after school. 10．From her expression，I could tell that she knew that she was _______． Ⅲ.课文语法填空 Amy has been close with her 1.____(good) friend since primary school.They always stay together，2.____(do) many things.They 3.______(plan) to go to the cinema together last Saturday afternoon，but in the morning her friend said she had a cold and couldn't make 4.__．She believed 5.___ her friend said.However，someone told her that her friend 6.______(chat) with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon.Her friend's “illness” was a complete lie，which made her very 7.____(anger)．Cindy thinks that she should find an opportunity 8._____(talk) with her friend 9.______(frank) and solve the problem together，while David thinks she can decide whether their friendship will last 10.__ not. 1.2 Grammar：关系代词引导的定语从句 定语从句及相关概念种类 定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语”的作用，修饰说明主句中的某一名词、代词或主语的全部内容。 通常定语从句所修饰的词语被称为“先行词”， 引导定语从句的关联词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词和关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，连接定语从句和主句，同时身兼两职，既指代其先行词，又在其后的定语从句中充当从句的某个成分。 定语从句的关系词 关系词 先行词 充当从句成分 关系代词 who 人 主语 宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人，物 定语 that 人，物 主语 宾语 表语 which 物 主语 宾语 as 人，物 主语 宾语 关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 where 地点 地点状语 why 原因 原因状语 定语从句做题思路 1. 找出主句和定语从句从句 ; 2. 找出先行词 ;（先行词为名词，代词或整个句子） 3. 判断先行词在定语从句中充当何成分 ；（判断定语从句是否完整） （1）从句不完整 → 缺少主要成分（主语，宾语，表语）→ 关系代词 （whose除外） （2）从句完整 → 缺少句子次要成分 （状语）→ 关系副词 （3）所属关系 （ …的）whose 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①The man __________ is speaking at the meeting is a worker. ②I live in that room __________ window opens south. ③This is the park __________ I first met Xiaoming. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词that与which的区别 情况 用that还是which 先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰 that 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 that 先行词由the very，the only等修饰 that 先行词既指人也指物 that 先行词前有疑问代词which时 that there be句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词 that 句中已经出现过that或which 交替使用 先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语 that 关系代词前面有介词 which 关系代词后面带有插入语 which 选词填空：which，that ①The scientist and his achievements ____ you told me about are admired by us all. ②Here is the book about ____ I told you yesterday. ③This is the best way ____ is to be used against pollution. ④Here is the English grammar book _____，as I've told you，will help you improve your English. ⑤All the presents ____ your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away. ⑥This is the very book _____I have been looking for. 定语从句的主谓一致 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词保持一致。 （1）取决于先行词。先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数。 Mr Black, who is at the gate, is asking to see you. The Blacks, who are at the gate, are asking to see you. （2）“one of+复数名词+关系代词”跟从句谓语动词的复数形式；“the(only)one of+复数名词+关系代词”跟从句谓语动词的单数形式。 He is one of the students who were awarded. He is the only one of the students who was awarded. （3）关系代词as或which作主语指的是它前面的整个主句时，动词要用单数。 He failed to pass the exam, which was a great pity. He was passed he college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy. 课堂练习 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He is the man ______ has offered some useful advice. 2．It is the most expensive hotel___ he has ever stayed in. 3．He is the boy of _____ we are proud in our school. 4．The building _____ doors are white is an office building. 5．Anyone ___ has helped to save the old man is worth praising. 6．She is the only one of the children who ___(be) good at music here. 7．The first place ____ she visited in China was the History Museum. 8．We don't know the number of people ______ lost their homes in the flood. 9．Those _____ want to go to the party must be at the school gate by 5 p．m. 10．The film _______ you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week. Ⅱ.短文语法填空 I'd skipped nearby Guilin，1._____ is a dream place for tourists 2.____(seek) the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 3.____ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 4.____ fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city. Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travellers 5.______ was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 6._____ are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 7.____ are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，8.____ is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 9._____(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 10._____ live in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 练习 一、单项选择 1．I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this opportunity. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 2．Have you seen the sunflowers________ are bought as presents for your Mother’s Day. A．who B．which C．whose D．/ 3．Women ________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t. A．who; / B．/; who C．who; who D．/; / 4．We’ll call on a man ________ I believe can give us very good advice. A．which B．who C．whom D．whomever 5．Some people visited the factory ________ was founded in the summer of 2016. A．where B．which C．it D．whose 6．To be exact, all ________ is needed is a supply of oil. A．the thing B．that C．what D．which 7．The factory ________ we’ll visit next week is not far from here. A．which B．where C．in which D．to which 8．To be honest, this is the last place ________ I want to visit. A．which B．in which C．where D．whose 9．In China, many modern cities have excellent subway systems ______ can take people everywhere in the city. A．what B．where C．which D．who 10．Do you know the boy ____ father works in a shoe factory? A．which B．who C．whose D．that 11．I will give the job to the man________ they say is fun to talk to. A．who B．he C．whom D．which 12．Look out! Don't get too close to the house________ roof is under repair. A．which B．whose C．of which D．where 13．In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. A．whose B．whom C．who D．which 14．This successful Mexican artist is no longer the simple-minded young man ________ he was ten years ago. A．that B．whom C．what D．where 15．The greatest delight ________ the fields and woods give this famous poet is the suggestion of a magical relation between man and the vegetable. A．which B．what C．that D．when 16．Last week,we watched Beijing Opera, ________ style was familiar to most of us. A．what B．which C．where D．whose 17．The girl handed everything ________ she had picked up in the street to the police. A．which B．in which C．that D．all 18．She is such a respectable English teacher _______ is liked by everybody. A．what B．as C．that D．which 19．We don’t know the number of people ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．whom B．who C．which D．/ 20．The room________ window faces south is his music studio. A．which B．that C．whose D．where 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 26．The building ____________ doors are green is an office building. 27．The student ____________ the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor. 28．I know the boy ____________ you are looking for. 29．The old temple ________ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. 30．The police has found the same bicycle ________ Jack lost. 31．They talked about the persons and things ______ impressed them most. 32．He reached a lonely island ________was completely cut off from the outside world. 33．This is the most destructive hurricane ________ I've ever seen. 34．Is there anything ________ you want to buy in town? 35．John is a handsome man _____ nice-looking clothes always attract the attention of others. 36．My great-aunt _____ is 105 years old told us how she has been able to live so long. 37．The soldier________ legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. 38．The engineer with________ my father is working has just come from abroad. 39．The plan________ they argued about was settled at last. 40．It is one of several cases ________ Americans are watching with a mixture of fear and hope. 巩固练习 I. 单词拼写 1. I was the first to ask him (尴尬的) questions but there'll be harder ones to come. 2. They have managed to recreate the feeling of the (起初的) theatre. 3. I had a (极坏的) experience yesterday morning. 4. It'll take her time to (恢复) from the illness. 5. How did they (回应) to the news? 6. Martin would be a good (法官), I thought. He was calm and thorough 7. I can't (原谅) that type of behaviour. 8. I (肯定地) remember sending the letter. 9. How can you (忽视) the sheer weight of medical opinion? 10. It was unfair that he should (遭受) so much. 11. We will (联系) you again if the need arises. 12. The bomb must (爆炸) within less than a millionth of a second. 13. It would be churlish to refuse such a (慷慨的；大方的) offer. Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. ____________(trick) by his best friend, he felt extremely angry. 2. How can I make contact ___________ the famous actress? 3. If she leaves, it will be a big ____________(loss) to the company. 4. The mother stood there until the train was out ___________ sight. 5. He walked past, ____________(ignore) all of us completely. 6. As long as you have a dream, keep tiring and you will make ___________. 7. I don’t say why I couldn’t do it. __________ any case, I am going to try. 8. you had better make an ____________(apologize) to her for your behavious. 9. ____________(judge) from his accent, I could tell that he was from the south. 10. The old woman decided to comfort the man ____________(suffer) great loss. 阅读理解 A For those wanting to learn cooking skills, there are a number of general online cooking classes available to choose from. We have selected our favorite online cooking classes for you to get started. Veecoco Recipes are covered for more than 17 different courses taught by experienced chefs who guide viewers step by step. Lessons can be accessed from anywhere through the mobile app, and course materials are all downloadable. Single class is also available for purchase at $127 each. As a bonus, Veecoco partners with a local NGO to provide meals for children in need：for every class purchased, one meal is donated. Wicked Healthy Wicked Healthy is a platform founded by chefs and Brothers Derek and Chad Serno who are on a mission to inspire others to cook and eat more plants. The service offers a large database of recipes on its site and a selection of video-based cooking classes on its YouTube Channel. Rouxbe Rouxbe is recognized as a leading online culinary school (烹饪培训学校) and approved by the American Culinary Federation Education Foundation. All classes offered through Rouxbe have specific start dates but are self-paced and can be taken at any time after enrollment. All our members have the chance to receive the guidance from our teachers in person. The Tiny Green Chef Founded by a professional chef, The Tiny Green Chef is an online kids’ cooking class with lessons, demos, food experiments, and interactive activities that teach you and your child how to prepare meals at home. Upon purchasing the program you will get lifetime access to the course and contents, as well as an invitation to the company’s private tour in which you can be taught by our teaching staff. If you are not satisfied with the program, there is a 30-day money-back guarantee. 1. Which of the following cooking classes suits a vegetarian? A. Veecoco. B. Wicked Healthy. C. Rouxbe. D. The Tiny Green Chef. 2. How much money is needed to cover a local child’s one-day’s meals in Veecoco? A. $127. B. $254. C. $381. D. $421. 3. What do Rouxbe and The Tiny Green Chef have in common? A. They both support the refundable payment. B. They both provide flexible teaching schedule. C. They both are supported by official organizations. D. They both offer members the instruction face-to-face. B Singapore uses about two billion liters of water every day-a number it expects could double in the next four decades. That kind of consumption is adding pressure to the Asian city state to address growing concerns about global water shortage. So it's building new technology to prepare itself for a future where obtaining clean water will be even more difficult. "Singapore truly has become a global water center,"said Shane Snyder,executive director of the Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University. “But as it stands, it imports approximately 40% of its water today. And with climate change,that water has become far less dependable.” Singapore, meanwhile, is home to more than five million people and is covered in fountains,reservoirs and other water features-including the world's tallest indoor waterfall, The Rain Vortex that pumps about 45,000 liters of water per minute. But it has no natural water sources of its own,instead relying heavily on recycled water and imports from its neighbors. Snyder's research facility is one of several places developing solutions for Singapore's water dependency. The hope is to create projects that could be used across the city. "What we have become used to as reliable water may quickly change-so we have to be prepared,and we have to be thinking about the basic facilities in advance. " Snyder said. " There's a big drive to become water independent-to control our own future -and that is largely dependent on the technologies we're developing. " Another company,Wateroam, is already taking innovation from Singapore to the rest of the region. Founded in 2014,Wateroam says it has developed a lightweight,portable filtration（过滤）device that has already provided clean drinking water to more than 75,000 people across Southeast Asia. Wateroam CEO David Pong said one of the most innovative aspects of the product is its simplicity. The water filtration device is no bigger than a bicycle pump,yet it can provide clean water to villages of 100 people for up to two years. "We've been very blessed to have access to clean drinking water," Pong said. It's necessary to bring the privilege to the rest of the region, and advocate that clean water is an essential aspect for life on Earth,according to him. 4. What worsens the water shortage problem in Singapore? A. More water imports. B. The lack of technology. C. The increasing population. D. Double water consumption. 5. How can water crisis in Singapore be eased? A. Searching for natural water sources. B. Controlling the increase of population. C. Importing water from more neighbors. D. Using technologies to provide clean water. 6. What do we know about the filtration device from Paragraph 5? A. It is easy to carry and use. B. It is larger than a bicycle pump. C. It has already been used across Asia. D. It has already been in use for two years. 7. What is the main idea of the text? A. Clean water is an essential aspect for life on Earth. B. Technology can help Singapore out with its water shortage. C. The increasing water consumption is adding pressure to Singapore. D. Singapore's filtration device has provided many people with clean water. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Pets aren't just hairy toys for your children． Recently it （1）______（prove） that animals play a great role in the child's identity development． They get on well with children and love them sincerely， because they aren't so impatient as many （2）______（adult） can be． It seems to me that there （3）______（be） some kind of link between pets and kids． Pets can help parents train responsibility， self-confidence and （4）______（careful） in children． Pets often act as a caring family member． Those children （5）______ family has no brothers or sisters sometimes feel lonely， especially when their parents are at work （6）______ busy with their housework． Children have a chance （7）______（talk） to the pet or share their feelings， which gives （8）______（they） a big relief from stress and worries． The children attach great importance （9）______being together with pets． Let your child grow up with a nice and（10）______（devote） pet． It doesn't matter， whether it's a dog， cat or fish． Everything depends on the type of the child's character． 七选五 How to make friends at a new school Starting with a new school can be difficult. Everything seems to be different, and you don’t even know where to go for your own classes. Making new friends can be hard, too.  ____1____   Be yourself. ____2____ If some people don’t accept you, they’re not the kind of friends you need. People often stay together because they have similar interests. For example, someone who does a lot of sports may make friends with those who also run or swim a lot. ____3____Remember to be nice to the people you meet at your new school. If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad, do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you. Also, remember to be as helpful as possible! Believe in yourself. A smile goes a long way. When you walk in the halls, don’t keep your eyes on the floor. Raise your head and make eye contact (目光接触) with other people. ____4____ Introduce yourself. Tell them your name and where you’re from. Remember people’s names. You like it when people use your name, and so do other people. People may become angry if you just begin by saying “Hey” each time. Besides, ask them in a kind way if they have a nickname (绰号) . ____5____ A．Be friendly to others. B．Join in after-school activities you like. C．Never change who you are in order to fit in. D．If you see someone you know, smile or say “Hi”. E．You’d be surprised how often this might be useful. F．Don’t sit at the back of the classroom where other people cannot notice you. G．However, if you use these skills, you can quickly turn some of those strangers into friends. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Getting along with others上 1.1 Welcome to the unit &Reading 重点词汇 1. __________ adj.笨拙的；尴尬的； 2. __________ n. 视野；视力；看见 3. __________ adj.起初的；独创的 4. __________ n. 传播信息的媒介；方法；手段；工具 （pl.__________ ） adj. 中等的；中号的 5. __________ adj.令人震惊的；可恶的；极坏的 6. __________ vt. 恢复健康；恢复常态 vi. 全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复；重新控制 7. __________ vt. & vi.回答，回应；做出反应，响应 8. __________ vt. & vi. 评价；（尤指）批评；判断；认为 n. 法官；裁判员 9. __________ vi. 道歉，谢罪 10. __________ n. 行为，举止，态度 11. __________ adj. 坦率的；直言的 12. __________ adv. 肯定的，确实；确切地 13. __________ vt. 欺骗，欺诈 n. 轨迹，花招；戏法 14. __________ vt. 忽视；对…不予理会 15. __________ vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. 受苦，受折磨；变差 16. __________ vt. & vi. 误会，误解 17. __________ vt. &n. 联系，联络 18. __________ vt. 使爆炸 vt. （愤怒等情感）爆发；爆炸 重点词组 1. ______________________ （关系）陷入困境，濒临奔溃 2. ______________________ 脱离某人视线 3. ______________________ 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功 4. ______________________ 不知所措，困惑 5. ______________________ 有错，应承担责任 6. ______________________ 乐于做某事 7. ______________________ 闲逛 8. ______________________ 拾起，捡起 9. ______________________ 和某人聊天 10. ______________________ 和某人玩的开心 11. ______________________ 无论如何，不管怎样 12. ______________________ 放弃；摈弃；松手；放开 13. ______________________ 面对面 重点句型 1. be to do be do do 表示将要发生的动作 2. have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 【重点词汇】 1. awkward 2.sight 3.orginal 4.medium; media 5.horrible 6. recover 7.respond 8.judge 9. apologize 10.behaviour/ behavior 11.frank 12.definitely 13. cheat 14. ignore 15. suffer 16. misunderstand 17. contact 18. explode 【重点词组】 1. on the locks 2.out of one’ sight 3.make it 4.at a loss 5.in the wrong 6. be willing to do sth 7. hang out 8. pick up 9. chat with sb 10. have fun with sb 11. in any case 12. let go of 13. face to face 知识点梳理 1. awkward awkwardly adv.笨拙地；无技巧地 awkwardness n. 尴尬；笨拙 clumsy adj. 笨拙的；不得体的 （同义词） 原文：When I was an awkward primary student…. 当我还是个笨手笨脚的小学生时…。(教材P30) ◆ adj. 笨拙的；令人的尴尬的；难对付的 making sb feel embarrassed 令某人尴尬；使某人难堪 an awkward customer (= a person who is difficult to deal with) 难对付的家伙 an awkward time 不是时候 awkward position 尴尬地位令人不舒服的姿态 awkward gap 难以处理的隔阂 awkward question 棘手的问题 ①The situation is an awkward one, whichever way you look at it. 无论从哪一方面看，这个局面都很尴尬。 ②15 is an awkward age. 15岁是个尴尬的年纪。 ③ Have I come at an awkward time? 我来得不是时候吧 2. sight sightseeing n. 观光；游览 原文：…we hardly out of each other’s sight. 我们几乎形影不离。 (教材P30) ◆n. 视力；视野；看见 in sight 看的见 out of sight 看不见；脱离视线 lose sight 失明 at the sight of… 一看见… at first sight 乍一看 in the sight of sb 从某人的观点看 short sight 近视；目光短浅 ①He has very little sight in his right eye. 他右眼视力极弱。 ②I have been known to faint at the sight of blood. 大家都知道，我看到血就会昏倒。 ③Leave any valuables in your car out of sight . 把贵重物品留在车里看不见的地方。 ④We're going to Paris for the weekend to see the sights . 我们打算去巴黎过周末，参观那里的名胜。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When he lost(lose) his sight，his wife suggested that he apply for a guide dog. ②The woman stood there until the plane was out of sight. ③At the sight of the teacher，the boy began to run. ④Suddenly I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 突然，我在人群中看到了我的英语老师。 3. pick up 原文：But last Saturday, she broke my heart, and I’m still picking up the pieces. 但是上周六，她伤了我的心，我想仍然在收拾残局。(教材P30) ◆vt. 捡起；开车接某人；接收（信号）；加快；整理，收拾；（偶尔）习得；恢复健康；好转 【跟踪典例】写出下列句子中pick up 的汉语意思 ①Mother asked me to pick up the room. ②She bent forward to pick up the newspaper. ③Industrial production is beginning to pick up. ④Where did you pick up your English? ⑤We can pick up Mexican television. ⑥I will go to the airport to pick up my American friend. 【答案】 ① 收拾 ② 捡起 ③好转 ④习得 ⑤接收（信号） ⑥开车接某人 【拓展延伸】pick and choose 挑,挑捡,挑三拣四 pick off 摘掉；拔去；截取 pick out 挑出,辨认出 pick holes in 找某人的碴儿 pick one's way 行路谨慎 pick oneself up (跌倒后)爬起来 pick apart 撕碎；对 ...吹毛求疵；严厉批评 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①Could you ___________ the red kites? 你能挑选出红色的风筝吗？ ②Starting today, we must ______________, dust ourself off and begin the work of remarkingAmerica. 从今天起，让我们团结一致，振作精神，开始重塑美国。 ③No matter how wonderful a TV programme is, there are always people who like to _____________. 无论一个电视节目多么精彩，总有人要挑它的毛病。 【答案】 ①pick out ②pick oneself up ③pick it apart 4. original origin n.起源；原点；出身；开端 originally 最初，起初；本来 原文： Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon. 我们最初的计划是那天下午去电影院看电影。 (教材P30) ◆adj. 起初的；独创的 original intention 初衷；原始意图 original state 原状；初始状态 an original idea 独到的见解 in origin起源于 On the Origin of Species《物种起源》 ①This is a book full of profound, original, and challenging insights. 这是一本充满高深、新颖且富有挑战性见解的书。 ②Originally, we had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece. 我们本来打算去意大利，但后来获得机会去了希腊。 ③Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan. 传说端午节的起源是为了纪念屈原的灵魂。 【跟踪典例】 ①I think you should go back to ______________. 我认为你应该回头执行你原来的计划。 ②_____________, she eventually shortened her name to Lee. 她原本叫莉莉，最后她把名字缩写成了莉。 ③Their medical problems are basically physical _____________. 他们的疾病基本是身体上的问题造成的。 【答案】1. your original plan 2. Originally called Lili 3. in origin 5. make it 原文：When I called her, she said she may not be able to make it to the cinema. 当我打电话给她时，她说她可能去不了电影院了。(教材P30) ◆能够出席（或到场）；准时到达；获得成功；渡过难关 【跟踪典例】写出下列句子中make it 的汉语意思 ①We can make it any day to visit the park. ②The train leaves in 20 minutes, can we make it？ ③He did not make it to another summer and died in that winter. 【答案】 ① 获得成功 ② 准时到达 ③度过难关 【拓展延伸】make up 弥补 ; 构成 ; 编造 ; 组成 make sense 讲得通 ; 有意义 ; 有道理 ; 言之有理 make for 走向 ; 有助于 ; 促进 ; 导致 make mistakes 犯错误 ; 学会犯错 ; 出错 make headway 取得进展 ; 有进展 ; 前进 ; 取得盼望 make good 成功 ; 弥补 ; 履行诺言 ; 补偿 make clear 澄清 ; 弄清楚 ; 表明 ; 说明 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I think we should all work for peace.Each of us can make a difference (different)． ②Nobody likes being made (make) fun of. ③I will try my best to make up for the lost time during the summer vacation. ④You needn't worry；he will make it．你不必担心，他会办成的。 [小片段填空] As a child，my being short was made (make) use of by my students to make fun of me.Unluckily，I didn't make sense of it at that time.I thought they were too young to make out the right and wrong.However，I was upset about it all day.Later，I worked hard to make up for that.Now，it makes a difference. 6. judge judg(e) ment n. 判断力；意见；看法 原文：Don’t be so quickly to judge your friend. 不要太快判断你的朋友。(教材P31) ◆vt./vi. 评价（尤指）批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员 (1) judge… from…/ by 根据… 判断 as far as sb can judge 根据某人判断 (2) make a judgment on 对… 做出评价 in one’s judgment 在某人看来 ①Judging by her last letter, they are having a wonderful time. 从她上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。 ②As far as I can judge, all of them are to blame. 依我看，他们都应承担责任。 ③I depended on his companionship and on his judgment. 我依赖他的陪伴和他的判断。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Judging(judge) by the look on Adam's face，the news must be terrible. ②He judged them to be (be) the best plays he had ever seen. ③The boy showed excellent judg(e)ment(judge) in choosing a friend. ④We should not judge a person by his appearance.我们不应该以貌取人。 7. apologize apology n. 道歉；谢罪 原文：Perhaps she knows she’s in the wrong and wanted to apologize. 或许她知道自己错了并且想道歉。(教材P31) ◆vt. 道歉 谢罪 (1) apologize for sth 因为某事道歉 apologize to sb for sth 因为某事向某人道歉 (2) make an apology to sb for sth 因为某事向某人道歉 ①We apologize for the late departure of this flight. 本航班起飞延误，谨致歉意 ② In face, the young girl owed me an apology 她已四天不见踪影，大家对她的安全很担心。 ③You need to make an apology to the teacher for being late for class. 你应该为上课迟到一事向老师道歉。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He offered me an apology for losing (lose) my book. ②We apologize(apology) for the late departure of this flight. ③I will apologize to her for not delivering her goods on time. ④In effect，the young girl owed me an apology．事实上，这个女孩欠我一个道歉。 8.behavior behave vt. 举动；表现 原文：… Or she has a simple explanation for her behavior. 或者她对自己的行为有一个简单的解释。(教材P31) ◆n. 行为；举止；态度 (1)social behavior 社会行为， aggressive behavior 攻击行为 moral behavior 道德行为 (2) behave well/ badly 表现好/ 不好 be have oneself 表现得体；行为好；有礼貌 ①Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits. 了解这些原因能够让我们检查自身行为，改正坏习惯。 ②Boys and girls may behave differently. 男孩儿和女孩儿的表现可能不同。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The woman asked her son to behave himself(him) at the party. ②The young man behaved badly(bad)，which made his girlfriend angry. ③There's no excuse for behaviour (behave) like that. ④I want you to behave yourselves while I'm away.我不在家时你们要乖乖的。 9. case 原文：In any case, find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her.无论如何，找个机会和他深入，坦诚的谈一谈。(教材P31) ◆n. 具体情况；事件；案例；容器 in any case 无论如何 in case conj. 万一；假使 in the case of 至于，在…的情况下 in case of 万一；如果发生；假设 in this case 既然这样，假若这样 in that case 既然那样 in no case 决不 （= at no time） ①In case you should need any help, here's my number. 万一你需要帮助的话，这是我的电话号码 ②In any case, however, Mr. Ryan was more right than he knew. 然而，无论如何，瑞安先生比他所知道的更正确 ③We can make an exception in this case. 此事可以通融。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Can you think of a case where the word is properly used? ②In most cases (case)，we get on well with each other. ③This time，we stayed together，in case anything else unusual happened. ④ In no case should you shout at your parents who love you deeply. 任何情况下你都不应该冲着深爱着你的父母喊叫。 10. trick 原文：When I found out that I was tricked by him…. 当我发现我被他骗了…。(教材P17) ◆vt. 欺骗；欺诈 n. 诡计，花招；把戏 (1) trick sb in to doing sth 欺骗做人做某事 trick sb out of sth 从某人那里骗走某物 (2) play a trick/ tricks on sb 恶搞某人；欺骗某人；捉弄某人 hat trick 帽子戏法（指连入三球） ①I'm surprised you fell for that trick. 我感到惊奇，你竟中了那个诡计 ②He tricked me into lending him ￡100. 他骗我借给了他100英镑 ③The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄老师。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It's cruel to make fun of people who stammer. ②The lady was tricked (trick) out of her diamond necklace yesterday. ③We were tricked into buying (buy) a poor car，which made me very upset. ④The kids are always playing tricks on their teachers. 孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄他们的老师。 11. ignore ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的 ignorance n. 无知，愚昧；不知，不懂 原文：However, if your friend ignore your feelings or make you suffer…. 然而，如果你的朋友忽略了你的感受并使你痛苦…。(教材P31) ◆vt. 欺骗；欺诈 n. 诡计，花招；把戏 (1) ignore sb 不理某人；忽视某人 ignore traffic rules 无视交通规则 (2) be ignorant of/ about 不知道 ①He ignored all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette. 他无视所有“禁止吸烟”的警示，点了香烟。 ②She ignored him and carried on with her work. 她没理他，继续干她的活 ③He's ignorant about modern technology. 他对现代科技一无所知。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The man is ignorant(ignore) of the dangers of too much sun. ②I am embarrassed by my complete ignorance (ignore) of history. ③The singer held his head and walked past，ignoring(ignore) his fans. ④It is wrong of teenagers to ignore traffic rules． 青少年无视交通规则是不对的。 [小片段填空] He ignored the doctor's advice，so he is in ignorance of his serious illness now；that is to say，he is ignorant that he is in danger.(ignore) 12. suffer suffering n. 痛苦；苦难 suffer n. 患病者；受难者 原文：However, if your friend ignore your feelings or make you suffer…. 然而，如果你的朋友忽略了你的感受并使你痛苦…。(教材P31) ◆vi. 受苦；受折磨；变差 vt. 遭受；蒙受 suffer from 忍受，遭受；患…病；受…之苦 suffer for 因…而遭受 suffer loss 遭受损失 suffer through 挨过；熬过 suffer defeat 遭受失败 ①I hate to see animals suffering. 我不忍心看动物受苦。 ②He suffered a massive heart attack. 他的心脏病发作很严重。 ③Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff. 许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。 辨析：suffer，suffer from suffer 指“遭受苦痛、损失，忍受侮辱”等，其宾语通常为pain，loss，damage，punishment，defeat，hardship，discouragement，disappointment等抽象名词，一般不用于被动语态。 suffer from 指“遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之苦”，其后常接表示疾病或造成不幸或痛苦的事物的名词，一般不用于被动语态。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He slept on firewood and straw to remind him of his sufferings(suffer)． ②The old man often helped those suffering(suffer) a great loss in the earthquake. ③He suffers from asthma. ④The girl who lost her parents suffered great stress during those years. 那些年这个失去父母的女孩承受了很大的压力。 [小片段填空] I have suffered (suffer) pain in my past 10 years，and now my company is suffering from a shortage of skilled staff，which brings me some sufferings (suffer) as well. 13. contact 原文：Then I got a call from a friend who I hadn’t contacted for a long time. 后来我接到一个很久没有联系的朋友的电话。(教材P33) ◆vt. / n. 联系；联络 (1) contact sb 联系某人 contact with 与…联系 (2) in contact with 接触；与…有联系 make contact with与…联系 eye contact 目光接触；眼神交会 contact details 联系方式 ①If necessary , you can contact me at home. 必要的话，我在家时你也可以和我联系。 ②He was in direct contact with the kidnappers. 他与绑匪有直接联络。 ③Though they all live nearby, I lost contact with them really quickly. 虽然他们都住在附近，我真地很快就与他们失去了联系。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①__________________ is a basic human need. 和他人接触是人的基本需要。 ②He avoids any _______________, quickly averting his gaze when anyone approaches. 他避免任何目光接触，任何人接近他时，他都会迅速转移视线。 ③After the divorce, their father still _____________________ the boys. 离婚后，他们的父亲仍和儿子们保持着密切联系。 【答案】①Contact with other people ②eye contact ③maintained close contact with 句型 1. be do do 表示将要发生的动作 原文： Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon. 我们最初的计划是那天下午去电影院看电影。 (教材P30) 【句式分析】 本句中 “to see a film at the cinema that after ” 是不定式作表语，在句中表示将来发生的动作。 be to do sth 表示按照计划，安排，决定，命令等要做的事或注定要做的事 be about to do sth（… when）表示即将，马上要做的事 be going to do sth 表示说话者主观打算做某事或者客观迹象表明即将发生的事 ①Here is a message for you: you are to the office after class. 这里有一份给你的留言：你下课后去办公室。 ②An agreement was about to be reached when the other side raised new issues. 快要达成协议的时候，对方又节外生枝。 ③I am going to water my flowers. 我打算浇浇我自己的花。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①No one is ______________ the room without permission. 未经允许，任何人不得离开这个房间。 ②Want to solve this problem. _________________ from him. 想要解决这个问题，就要从他开始 ③I _______________ to Clara and she'll surely send me a whole lot more. 我要给克拉拉写信，她一定会寄给我更多的。 2. have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 原文： Teenagers may have difficulty maintaining their friendships.青少年在维系友谊方面存在困难。(教材P33) 【句式分析】 have trouble/ difficult (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 have trouble/ difficult with/ in sth 在某方面有困难 ①We have trouble getting staff. 我们在招聘雇员方面有困难。 ②Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently. 每逢我们在学习上遇到困难，老师总是耐心辅导。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①That day we had no trouble finding(find) his new house. ②It is said that they had little trouble with new school life. ③You can't imagine what trouble she has raising(raise) her children. ④The boy has trouble/difficulty (in) getting on well with his classmates. 这个男孩在与同学好好相处方面有困难。 3.whether...or...引导让步状语从句 (教材P30)Whether we're walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend，we're hardly out of each other's sight. 无论我们是步行去学校，做作业还是仅仅在周末闲逛，我们几乎都在彼此的视线之内。 句式分析： “Whether we're walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend”为whether...or...引导的让步状语从句，whether表示“不管，无论”。 [例1]Whether he works hard or not，I don't think he will pass his examination. 不管他学习努力与否，我都认为他不会通过考试。 [例2]Whether you go camping or stay at home，you must attach importance to your safety. 无论你们是出去野营还是待在家里，你们都必须注意安全。 [归纳拓展] (1)whether...or (not)...为固定句型，意为“不管是……还是……；不论……是否……”，引导让步状语从句。whether不可以用if替换。 (2)whether还可以引导名词性从句。whether和if都可以表示“是否”，但下面三种情况只能用whether： ①引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和介词后的宾语从句中，只可以用whether。 ②动词后的宾语从句中，如果直接跟了or not，或者动词是discuss，一般也只能用whether。 ③后接动词不定式时只能用whether。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I shall go，whether you come with me or stay at home. ②Whether she wins or loses，this is her last chance. ③Whether you believe it or not，it's true. ④Whether you agree with me or not，I will carry out the plan.无论你是否同意，我都会执行这个计划。 课堂练习 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Tricked(trick) by that girl，he felt extremely angry. 2．How can I make contact with that famous engineer? 3．If she leaves，it will be a big loss(lose) to the school. 4．Leave any valuables in your car out of sight. 5．He walked past，ignoring(ignore) all of us completely. 6．As long as you have a dream，keep trying and you'll make it． 7．I don't see why I couldn't do it.In any case，I'm going to try. 8．Why should I go and apologize(apology) to her? 9．Judging(judge) from her accent，I could tell that she was from the south. 10．The old woman decided to comfort the man suffering(suffer) great loss. Ⅱ.短语填空 on the rocks；out of one's sight；at a loss；in the wrong；pick up；hang out；make it；in any case；face to face；let go of 1．My mother is coming back today.My father will pick her up at the airport. 2．The doctors think he's going to make it，which gives us a big relief. 3．In any case，I will go to the ceremony and say hello to them. 4．You'd better let go of hate and walk on in the path of your life. 5．Her son's marriage was on the rocks，which made her anxious. 6．The two have never met face to face before—this is the first time. 7．The situation got worse and she was at a loss as to what to do next. 8．I waved goodbye to my mother till the train was out of my sight． 9．The boy likes hanging out with some naughty children after school. 10．From her expression，I could tell that she knew that she was in the wrong． Ⅲ.课文语法填空 Amy has been close with her 1.best(good) friend since primary school.They always stay together，2.doing(do) many things.They 3.had planned(plan) to go to the cinema together last Saturday afternoon，but in the morning her friend said she had a cold and couldn't make 4.it．She believed 5.what her friend said.However，someone told her that her friend 6.was chatting(chat) with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon.Her friend's “illness” was a complete lie，which made her very 7.angry(anger)．Cindy thinks that she should find an opportunity 8.to talk(talk) with her friend 9.frankly(frank) and solve the problem together，while David thinks she can decide whether their friendship will last 10.or not. 1.2 Grammar：关系代词引导的定语从句 定语从句及相关概念种类 定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语”的作用，修饰说明主句中的某一名词、代词或主语的全部内容。 通常定语从句所修饰的词语被称为“先行词”， 引导定语从句的关联词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词和关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，连接定语从句和主句，同时身兼两职，既指代其先行词，又在其后的定语从句中充当从句的某个成分。 定语从句的关系词 关系词 先行词 充当从句成分 关系代词 who 人 主语 宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人，物 定语 that 人，物 主语 宾语 表语 which 物 主语 宾语 as 人，物 主语 宾语 关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 where 地点 地点状语 why 原因 原因状语 定语从句做题思路 1. 找出主句和定语从句从句 ; 2. 找出先行词 ;（先行词为名词，代词或整个句子） 3. 判断先行词在定语从句中充当何成分 ；（判断定语从句是否完整） （1）从句不完整 → 缺少主要成分（主语，宾语，表语）→ 关系代词 （whose除外） （2）从句完整 → 缺少句子次要成分 （状语）→ 关系副词 （3）所属关系 （ …的）whose 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①The man __________ is speaking at the meeting is a worker. ②I live in that room __________ window opens south. ③This is the park __________ I first met Xiaoming. 【答案】 ① who ② whose ③ where 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词that与which的区别 情况 用that还是which 先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰 that 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 that 先行词由the very，the only等修饰 that 先行词既指人也指物 that 先行词前有疑问代词which时 that there be句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词 that 句中已经出现过that或which 交替使用 先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语 that 关系代词前面有介词 which 关系代词后面带有插入语 which 选词填空：which，that ①The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. ②Here is the book about which I told you yesterday. ③This is the best way that is to be used against pollution. ④Here is the English grammar book which，as I've told you，will help you improve your English. ⑤All the presents that your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away. ⑥This is the very book that I have been looking for. 定语从句的主谓一致 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词保持一致。 （1）取决于先行词。先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数。 Mr Black, who is at the gate, is asking to see you. The Blacks, who are at the gate, are asking to see you. （2）“one of+复数名词+关系代词”跟从句谓语动词的复数形式；“the(only)one of+复数名词+关系代词”跟从句谓语动词的单数形式。 He is one of the students who were awarded. He is the only one of the students who was awarded. （3）关系代词as或which作主语指的是它前面的整个主句时，动词要用单数。 He failed to pass the exam, which was a great pity. He was passed he college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy. 课堂练习 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He is the man who/that has offered some useful advice. 2．It is the most expensive hotel that he has ever stayed in. 3．He is the boy of whom we are proud in our school. 4．The building whose doors are white is an office building. 5．Anyone who has helped to save the old man is worth praising. 6．She is the only one of the children who is(be) good at music here. 7．The first place that she visited in China was the History Museum. 8．We don't know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the flood. 9．Those who want to go to the party must be at the school gate by 5 p．m. 10．The film that/which you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week. Ⅱ.短文语法填空 I'd skipped nearby Guilin，1.which is a dream place for tourists 2.seeking(seek) the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 3.that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 4.who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city. Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travellers 5.that/which was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 6.that/which are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 7.that/who are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，8.which is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 9.regularly(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 10.who/that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 练习 一、单项选择 1．I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this opportunity. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 2．Have you seen the sunflowers________ are bought as presents for your Mother’s Day. A．who B．which C．whose D．/ 3．Women ________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t. A．who; / B．/; who C．who; who D．/; / 4．We’ll call on a man ________ I believe can give us very good advice. A．which B．who C．whom D．whomever 5．Some people visited the factory ________ was founded in the summer of 2016. A．where B．which C．it D．whose 6．To be exact, all ________ is needed is a supply of oil. A．the thing B．that C．what D．which 7．The factory ________ we’ll visit next week is not far from here. A．which B．where C．in which D．to which 8．To be honest, this is the last place ________ I want to visit. A．which B．in which C．where D．whose 9．In China, many modern cities have excellent subway systems ______ can take people everywhere in the city. A．what B．where C．which D．who 10．Do you know the boy ____ father works in a shoe factory? A．which B．who C．whose D．that 11．I will give the job to the man________ they say is fun to talk to. A．who B．he C．whom D．which 12．Look out! Don't get too close to the house________ roof is under repair. A．which B．whose C．of which D．where 13．In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. A．whose B．whom C．who D．which 14．This successful Mexican artist is no longer the simple-minded young man ________ he was ten years ago. A．that B．whom C．what D．where 15．The greatest delight ________ the fields and woods give this famous poet is the suggestion of a magical relation between man and the vegetable. A．which B．what C．that D．when 16．Last week,we watched Beijing Opera, ________ style was familiar to most of us. A．what B．which C．where D．whose 17．The girl handed everything ________ she had picked up in the street to the police. A．which B．in which C．that D．all 18．She is such a respectable English teacher _______ is liked by everybody. A．what B．as C．that D．which 19．We don’t know the number of people ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．whom B．who C．which D．/ 20．The room________ window faces south is his music studio. A．which B．that C．whose D．where 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 21．The building ____________ doors are green is an office building. 22．The student ____________ the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor. 23．I know the boy ____________ you are looking for. 24．The old temple ________ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. 25．The police has found the same bicycle ________ Jack lost. 26．They talked about the persons and things ______ impressed them most. 27．He reached a lonely island ________was completely cut off from the outside world. 28．This is the most destructive hurricane ________ I've ever seen. 29．Is there anything ________ you want to buy in town? 30．John is a handsome man _____ nice-looking clothes always attract the attention of others. 31．My great-aunt _____ is 105 years old told us how she has been able to live so long. 32．The soldier________ legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. 33．The engineer with________ my father is working has just come from abroad. 34．The plan________ they argued about was settled at last. 35．It is one of several cases ________ Americans are watching with a mixture of fear and hope. 参考答案： 1．B 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。分析句子可知，本句为定语从句，先行词Professor Smith，在后面定语从句中作help的定语，所以关系代词为whose。故选B项。 2．B 【解析】 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：你看到了作为你的母亲节礼物买来的向日葵吗？此题考查限制性定语从句，the sunflowers为先行词，先行词在从句中作主语，为物，设空处可用关系代词which或者that，且不能省略。故选B项。 3．C 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：每天喝两杯以上咖啡的女性比不喝咖啡的女性患心脏病的几率更大。根据所给句子分析可知，第一个空为关系词引导定语从句，先行词为Women，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，使用关系代词who，第二个空为关系词引导定语从句，先行词为those，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，使用关系代词who，故选C。 4．B 【解析】 考查定语从句。A.which 哪个；B.who谁；C.   whom谁；D.whomever无论是谁。分析可知“I believe”只是插入语，不影响句子结构，“ can give us very good advice”是定语从句，修饰man，从句缺主语，指人，用关系代词who引导该定语从句。whom/whomever只能作宾语，which一般指物。故选B。 5．B 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：一些人参观了这家成立于2016年夏天的工厂。根据所给句子结构分析，此处为关系词引导定语从句，先行词为the factory，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，需使用关系代词which，故选B。 6．B 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：确切地说，我们所需要的只是石油的供应。根据所给句子结构分析可知，此处为关系词引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词all，指物，先行词在从句中充当宾语，因此需要使用关系代词that。故选B。 7．A 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：下周我们将参观的工厂离这儿不远。先行词是the factory，在定语从句中作visit的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导限制性定语从句。故用which。 8．A 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：老实说，这是我最不愿意去的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词place是地方，因此空格处用关系代词which，故选A。 9．C 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：在中国，许多现代城市都有完善的地铁系统，可以把人们带到城市的任何地方。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是systems，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选C。 10．C 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意： 你认识那个男孩吗，他的父亲在鞋厂工作？分析句子结构可知，“____ father works in a shoe factory?”是限定性定语从句，先行词是boy(男孩)，且定语从句中缺少father(父亲)的定语，所以应用whose引导定语从句，故选C。 11．A 【解析】 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我会把这份工作交给那个他们说和他聊天很有趣的人。“they say”是插入语，为做题方便可省略，省略后分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词“man”是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故选A。 12．B 【解析】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：当心！不要离屋顶正在维修的房子太近。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，“roof”和“house”之间是所属关系，因此从句用关系代词whose，在从句中作定语，故选B。 13．A 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。分析句子结构可知，“China lived an artist”是主句，“__________paintings were almost lifelike.”是定语从句，先行词是artist(艺术家)，且定语从句缺少定语，所以用whose作定语，修饰paintings(画)，故选A。 14．A 【解析】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：这位成功的墨西哥艺术家不再是十年前头脑简单的年轻人了。分析句子结构可知，为限制性定语从句，先行词man作从句was后的表语，用关系代词that引导。故选A项。 15．C 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：田野和森林给这位著名诗人带来的最大的快乐是它表明了人与植物之间的神奇关系。结合句意，分析句子可知，“______ the fields and woods give this famous poet”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词delight，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作give的直接宾语，应使用关系代词which或者that，又因先行词被形容词最高级greatest修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。故选C项。 16．D 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：上周我们看了京剧，我们中的大部分人对它的风格是熟悉的。定语从句的先行词是Beijing Opera与style之间存在所属关系，所以关系词应该使用表示所属关系的关系代词whose，故选D项。 17．C 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：那女孩把她在街上捡到的所有东西都交给了警察。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为不定代词“everything”，指物，在从句中作“picked”的宾语，只能用关系代词“that”引导。故选C项。 18．B 【解析】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：她是一位受人尊敬的英语老师，大家都喜欢她。A.what不是关系词；B.as关系代词（指代人或物）；C.that关系代词（指代人或物）；D.which关系代词（指代物）。分析句子结构可知，设空处为关系词，引导定语从句，先行词为teacher，并被such修饰，先行词在从句中充当主语，此时需用关系代词as引导定语从句。故选B。 【点睛】 19．B 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：我们还不知道地震中失去家园的人数。分析句型可知，此处考查定语从句；从句缺少主语，先行词是people，所以用指代人的关系代词who。注意whom在从句中一般作宾语和表语。故选B项。 20．C 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：窗户朝南的那个房间是他的音乐工作室。句中先行词为room，在定语从句中作名词window的定语，指“房间的窗户”，所以用关系代词whose引导。故选C。 26．whose 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：门是绿色的那栋大楼是一栋办公楼。分析句子结构，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the building，先行词指物，结合语意，大楼的门是绿色的，关系词在从句中作定语，应用whose引导从句。故填whose。 27．who##whom##that 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：老师在班会上表扬的那个学生是我们的班长。设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词the student ，在从句中作宾语。关系代词可以使用who，whom，that。故可以填who，whom或that。 28．who##that##whom 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：我认识你正在找的那个男孩。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“boy”，指人，在从句中作介词“for”的宾语，故应用关系代词“who”、“that”或“whom”引导从句。故填who/that/whom。 29．whose 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：屋顶在暴雨中受损的那间古庙宇正在维修中。空处引导定语从句，先行词是temple，指物，从句缺少定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 30．that 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：警察找到了杰克丢失的那辆自行车。此处为定语从句修饰先行词bicycle，先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，故填that。 31．that 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：他们谈论了给他们印象最深的人和事。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是persons and things，既指人又指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 32．which##that 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：他到了一个与外界完全隔绝的孤岛。句中先行词为island，指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。根据句意，故填which/that。 33．that 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：这是我见过的最具破坏性的飓风。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 hurricane，先行词在从句中作宾语，且由最高级修饰，只能用that引导。故填that。 34．that 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：你想在城里买什么东西吗?句中先行词为不定代词anything，在定语从句中作宾语，所以只能用关系代词that引导。根据句意，故填that。 35．whose 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：约翰是一个英俊的男人，他漂亮的衣服总是吸引别人的注意。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 man，先行词在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 36．who 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：我105岁的姑奶奶告诉我们她是如何活得这么久的。分析句子可知，本句涉及一个限制性定语从句，空处需要填入关系代词who，指人，代替先行词great-aunt作从句中的主语。故填who。 37．whose 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：腿受重伤的那个士兵立即动手术了。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是soldier，关系词在定语从句作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”。故填whose。 38．whom 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：我父亲一起工作的工程师来自国外。分析句子可知，空格处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是The engineer，从句中作介词宾语，指人，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 39．that##which##不填 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：他们争论的那个计划终于解决了。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是plan，指物，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，所以空处需用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，因关系词在定语从句中作宾语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。故填that/which/不填。 40．that##which 【解析】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是美国人怀着恐惧和希望关注的几个案例之一。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为cases，指物，在从句中作宾语，因而that或which均可。故填that或which。 巩固练习 I. 单词拼写 1. I was the first to ask him (尴尬的) questions but there'll be harder ones to come. 2. They have managed to recreate the feeling of the (起初的) theatre. 3. I had a (极坏的) experience yesterday morning. 4. It'll take her time to (恢复) from the illness. 5. How did they (回应) to the news? 6. Martin would be a good (法官), I thought. He was calm and thorough 7. I can't (原谅) that type of behaviour. 8. I (肯定地) remember sending the letter. 9. How can you (忽视) the sheer weight of medical opinion? 10. It was unfair that he should (遭受) so much. 11. We will (联系) you again if the need arises. 12. The bomb must (爆炸) within less than a millionth of a second. 13. It would be churlish to refuse such a (慷慨的；大方的) offer. Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. ____________(trick) by his best friend, he felt extremely angry. 2. How can I make contact ___________ the famous actress? 3. If she leaves, it will be a big ____________(loss) to the company. 4. The mother stood there until the train was out ___________ sight. 5. He walked past, ____________(ignore) all of us completely. 6. As long as you have a dream, keep tiring and you will make ___________. 7. I don’t say why I couldn’t do it. __________ any case, I am going to try. 8. you had better make an ____________(apologize) to her for your behavious. 9. ____________(judge) from his accent, I could tell that he was from the south. 10. The old woman decided to comfort the man ____________(suffer) great loss. Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. awkward 2. original 3. horrible 4. recover 5. respond 6. judge 7. behaviour 8. defenitely 9. ignore 10. suffer 11. contact 12. explode 13. generous Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. Tricked 2. with 3. loss 4.of 5. ignoring 6.it 7. in 8. apology 9. Judging 10. suffering I. 阅读理解 A For those wanting to learn cooking skills, there are a number of general online cooking classes available to choose from. We have selected our favorite online cooking classes for you to get started. Veecoco Recipes are covered for more than 17 different courses taught by experienced chefs who guide viewers step by step. Lessons can be accessed from anywhere through the mobile app, and course materials are all downloadable. Single class is also available for purchase at $127 each. As a bonus, Veecoco partners with a local NGO to provide meals for children in need：for every class purchased, one meal is donated. Wicked Healthy Wicked Healthy is a platform founded by chefs and Brothers Derek and Chad Serno who are on a mission to inspire others to cook and eat more plants. The service offers a large database of recipes on its site and a selection of video-based cooking classes on its YouTube Channel. Rouxbe Rouxbe is recognized as a leading online culinary school (烹饪培训学校) and approved by the American Culinary Federation Education Foundation. All classes offered through Rouxbe have specific start dates but are self-paced and can be taken at any time after enrollment. All our members have the chance to receive the guidance from our teachers in person. The Tiny Green Chef Founded by a professional chef, The Tiny Green Chef is an online kids’ cooking class with lessons, demos, food experiments, and interactive activities that teach you and your child how to prepare meals at home. Upon purchasing the program you will get lifetime access to the course and contents, as well as an invitation to the company’s private tour in which you can be taught by our teaching staff. If you are not satisfied with the program, there is a 30-day money-back guarantee. 1. Which of the following cooking classes suits a vegetarian? A. Veecoco. B. Wicked Healthy. C. Rouxbe. D. The Tiny Green Chef. 2. How much money is needed to cover a local child’s one-day’s meals in Veecoco? A. $127. B. $254. C. $381. D. $421. 3. What do Rouxbe and The Tiny Green Chef have in common? A. They both support the refundable payment. B. They both provide flexible teaching schedule. C. They both are supported by official organizations. D. They both offer members the instruction face-to-face. B Singapore uses about two billion liters of water every day-a number it expects could double in the next four decades. That kind of consumption is adding pressure to the Asian city state to address growing concerns about global water shortage. So it's building new technology to prepare itself for a future where obtaining clean water will be even more difficult. "Singapore truly has become a global water center,"said Shane Snyder,executive director of the Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University. “But as it stands, it imports approximately 40% of its water today. And with climate change,that water has become far less dependable.” Singapore, meanwhile, is home to more than five million people and is covered in fountains,reservoirs and other water features-including the world's tallest indoor waterfall, The Rain Vortex that pumps about 45,000 liters of water per minute. But it has no natural water sources of its own,instead relying heavily on recycled water and imports from its neighbors. Snyder's research facility is one of several places developing solutions for Singapore's water dependency. The hope is to create projects that could be used across the city. "What we have become used to as reliable water may quickly change-so we have to be prepared,and we have to be thinking about the basic facilities in advance. " Snyder said. " There's a big drive to become water independent-to control our own future -and that is largely dependent on the technologies we're developing. " Another company,Wateroam, is already taking innovation from Singapore to the rest of the region. Founded in 2014,Wateroam says it has developed a lightweight,portable filtration（过滤）device that has already provided clean drinking water to more than 75,000 people across Southeast Asia. Wateroam CEO David Pong said one of the most innovative aspects of the product is its simplicity. The water filtration device is no bigger than a bicycle pump,yet it can provide clean water to villages of 100 people for up to two years. "We've been very blessed to have access to clean drinking water," Pong said. It's necessary to bring the privilege to the rest of the region, and advocate that clean water is an essential aspect for life on Earth,according to him. 4. What worsens the water shortage problem in Singapore? A. More water imports. B. The lack of technology. C. The increasing population. D. Double water consumption. 5. How can water crisis in Singapore be eased? A. Searching for natural water sources. B. Controlling the increase of population. C. Importing water from more neighbors. D. Using technologies to provide clean water. 6. What do we know about the filtration device from Paragraph 5? A. It is easy to carry and use. B. It is larger than a bicycle pump. C. It has already been used across Asia. D. It has already been in use for two years. 7. What is the main idea of the text? A. Clean water is an essential aspect for life on Earth. B. Technology can help Singapore out with its water shortage. C. The increasing water consumption is adding pressure to Singapore. D. Singapore's filtration device has provided many people with clean water. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是应用文。介绍了一些在线烹饪课程的主要内容，优势和优惠。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Wicked Healthy部分的“Wicked Healthy is a platform founded by chefs and Brothers Derek and Chad Serno who are on a mission to inspire others to cook and eat more plants.( “Wicked Healthy”是由厨师德里克和查德·塞尔诺兄弟(Derek and Chad Serno)创建的一个平台，他们的使命是鼓励其他人烹饪和食用更多的植物。)”可知，Wicked Healthy的课程适合素食者。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据部分的“Single class is also available for purchase at $127 each. As a bonus, Veecoco partners with a local NGO to provide meals for children in need; for every class purchased, one meal is donated.( 单人班也可购买，每节127美元。作为奖励，Veecoo与当地一家非政府组织合作，为贫困儿童提供膳食：每购买一节课，就会捐赠一顿饭。)”可知，在Veecoo，为了支付当地儿童一天的餐费，需要127*3=381美元。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Rouxbe的“All our members have the chance to receive the guidance from our teachers in person.( 我们所有的会员都有机会接受老师的亲自指导。)”和The Tiny Green Chef部分的“Upon purchasing the program you will get lifetime access to the course and contents, as well as an invitation to the company’s private tour in which you can be taught by our teaching staff.( 购买该项目后，您将获得终身访问课程和内容的权利，以及公司的私人参观邀请，由我们的教学人员授课。)”可知，这两个课程的共同之处是他们都为成员提供面对面的指导。故选D。 【答案】4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科技可以帮助新加坡解决缺水问题。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Singapore uses about two billion liters of water every day-a number it expects could double in the next four decades.（新加坡每天用水约20亿公升，预计这一数字在未来40年内可能翻一番。）”以及第二段“That kind of consumption is adding pressure to the Asian city state to address growing concerns about global water shortage.（这种消费给这个亚洲城市国家增加了压力，要求它解决对全球水资源短缺日益增长的担忧。）”可知，耗水量加倍使新加坡的缺水问题恶化了。故选D项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“So it's building new technology to prepare itself for a future where obtaining clean water will be even more difficult.（因此，它正在开发新的技术，为将来获得清洁的水变得更加困难做好准备。）”可知，可利用技术提供清洁用水缓解新加坡的水危机。故选D项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Another company, Wateroam, is already taking innovation from Singapore to the rest of the region. Founded in 2014, Wateroa m says it has developed a lightweight, portable filtration(过滤器) device that has already provided clean drinking water to more than 75, 000 people across Southeast Asia. Wateroam CEO David Pong said one of the most innovative aspects of the product is its simplicity. The water filtration device is no bigger than a bicycle pump yet it can provide clean water to villages of 100 people for up to two years.（另一家公司Wateroam 已经将创新从新加坡带到了该地区的其他地方。Wateream成立于2014年，公司表示已经开发出一种轻便的便携式过滤设备，已经为东南亚超过75000人提供了清洁的饮用水。Wateream公司首席执行官David Pong说，该产品最具创新性的一个方面是它的简单性。水过滤装置只有自行车打气筒那么大，但它可以为100个村民提供清洁水，持续时间长达两年。）”可知，第5段中的过滤装置便于携带和使用。故选A项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第一、二段“Singapore uses about two billion liters of water every day- a number it expects could double in the next four decades. That kind of consumption is adding pressure to the Asian city state to address growing concerns about global water shortage. So it's building new technology to prepare itself for a future where obtaining clean water will be even more difficult.（新加坡每天用水量约为20亿公升，预计未来40年这一数字可能翻一番。这种消费给这个亚洲城市国家增加了压力，要求它解决对全球水资源短缺日益增长的担忧。因此，它正在开发新的技术，为将来获得清洁的水变得更加困难做好准备。）”可知，本文主要讲述了科技可以帮助新加坡解决缺水问题。故选B项。 Ⅱ. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Pets aren't just hairy toys for your children． Recently it （1）______（prove） that animals play a great role in the child's identity development． They get on well with children and love them sincerely， because they aren't so impatient as many （2）______（adult） can be． It seems to me that there （3）______（be） some kind of link between pets and kids． Pets can help parents train responsibility， self-confidence and （4）______（careful） in children． Pets often act as a caring family member． Those children （5）______ family has no brothers or sisters sometimes feel lonely， especially when their parents are at work （6）______ busy with their housework． Children have a chance （7）______（talk） to the pet or share their feelings， which gives （8）______（they） a big relief from stress and worries． The children attach great importance （9）______being together with pets． Let your child grow up with a nice and（10）______（devote） pet． It doesn't matter， whether it's a dog， cat or fish． Everything depends on the type of the child's character． Ⅱ. 语法填空 1． has been proved．考查现在完成时的被动．分析句子可知，此处 it是形式主语．that从句是真正的主语．且与prove之间是被动关系，再根据recently可只要用现在完成时的被动语态．故填 has been proved． 2． adults．考查名词，根据many可知使用名词复数，故填adults． 3． is．考查be动词．此处是there be句型，there be是就近原则，因为后面的名词是some kind of link，是不可数名词，故填is． 4．carefulness．考查名词，名词作宾语，与responsibility， self-confidence并列，故填carefulness． 5． whose．考查定语从句．此处是一个定语从句，先行词是those children，且在定语从句中做family的定语，故填whose． 6． or．考查连词，表示选择，尤其是父母工作或者忙着做家务时，故填or． 7． to talk．考查不定式．have a chance to do sth：有机会做某事．故填to talk． 8． them．考查代词．此处做 give的宾语，所以需要宾格形式．故填them． 9． to．考查介词．attach great importance to：认为…非常重要．故填to． 10． devoted．考查形容词．nice and devoted pet：可爱而忠诚的宠物；devoted是形容词，忠诚的．故填 devoted． Ⅲ. 七选五 How to make friends at a new school Starting with a new school can be difficult. Everything seems to be different, and you don’t even know where to go for your own classes. Making new friends can be hard, too.  ____1____   Be yourself. ____2____ If some people don’t accept you, they’re not the kind of friends you need. People often stay together because they have similar interests. For example, someone who does a lot of sports may make friends with those who also run or swim a lot. ____3____Remember to be nice to the people you meet at your new school. If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad, do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you. Also, remember to be as helpful as possible! Believe in yourself. A smile goes a long way. When you walk in the halls, don’t keep your eyes on the floor. Raise your head and make eye contact (目光接触) with other people. ____4____ Introduce yourself. Tell them your name and where you’re from. Remember people’s names. You like it when people use your name, and so do other people. People may become angry if you just begin by saying “Hey” each time. Besides, ask them in a kind way if they have a nickname (绰号) . ____5____ A．Be friendly to others. B．Join in after-school activities you like. C．Never change who you are in order to fit in. D．If you see someone you know, smile or say “Hi”. E．You’d be surprised how often this might be useful. F．Don’t sit at the back of the classroom where other people cannot notice you. G．However, if you use these skills, you can quickly turn some of those strangers into friends. 1．G    2．C    3．A    4．D    5．E 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何融入新学校，交到新朋友。 1．根据上文“Making new friends can be hard, too.（交到新朋友也很难）”以及设空位置为首段的段尾可知，这里要使用的句子具有承上启下的作用，G项“然而，如果你使用这些技巧，你能快速地把那些陌生人变成朋友”既提到了上文交朋友的问题，又引出了下文中的建议，符合题意，故选G项。 2．根据下文“If some people don’t accept you, they’re not the kind of friends you need.（如果有些人不能接受你，他们就不是你需要的朋友）”可知，这里说的是不要改变自己以适应别人，C项“永远不要为了融入而改变你自己”符合题意，故选C项。 3．根据下文“Remember to be nice to the people you meet at your new school. If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad, do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you.（记得要善待你在新学校遇到的人。如果你认为你要说的事情会让他们感到伤心，那就不要说任何东西，如果他们与你聊天，那你就只是点点头）”可知，本段说的主要是要保持友好，A项“对待他人要友好”符合题意，故选A项。 4．根据上文“Raise your head and make eye contact (目光接触) with other people.（抬起你的头，与他人进行眼神接触）”及下文“Introduce yourself. Tell them your name and where you’re from.（介绍自己，告诉他们你的名字以及你来自于哪里）”可知，这里说的是认识的人要打招呼，不认识要自我介绍，D项“如果你见到自己认识的人，微笑或者说嗨”符合句意，故选D 项。 5．根据小标题标题“Remember people’s names.（记住人们的名字）”及上文“People may become angry if you just begin by saying “Hey” each time. Besides, ask them in a kind way if they have a nickname (绰号) .（如果你每次见面都只是说嘿，人们会生气的。此外，用一种友好的方式询问他们是否有昵称）”可知，本段主要说的是要记住别人的名字，E项“你会惊讶于这经常会很有用”中this指代的就是小标题中说到的记住别人的名字，符合题意，故选E项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$