Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy（1）-《同步教学培优》2025-2026学年高一英语知识提炼+能力训练 （译林版必修第二册）

Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy上 2.1 Welcome to the unit &Reading 重点词汇 1. __________ n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺词；恭贺 __________vt. 祝贺；恭喜；庆贺 2. __________vt. 假定，认为；承担责任；就职；呈现；显露 __________n. 假定；设想；担任；采取 __________conj. 假设 3. __________ vi. 往往会；趋向 vt. 照看 __________n. 倾向，趋势；癖好 4. __________ n.病；疾病 5. __________ adv. 此外；而且 6. __________ vt. 减少；缩小 __________n. 减少；下降；缩小 __________ v./ n. 增加；提高 7. __________ n. 常规；惯例 adj. 常规的；例行的；乏味的 8. __________ n. 肌肉；肌 9. __________ n. 体操；体操训练 __________n. 健身房；体育；体育馆 __________adj. 体操的，体育的 10. __________ vt. & vi. 伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；（使）延伸 11. __________ n. 范围，界限；区间；一系列 12. __________ n. 活动，转动；移动，运动 13. __________ n. 能，能量；精力；能源 __________adj. 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的 14. __________ n. 蛋白质 15. __________ n. 平均水平；一般水平 adj. 平均的；典型的 16. __________ prep. 自始至终，各处，遍及 17. __________ n. 汗水 v. 流汗 18. __________ n. 伤害；损伤 __________vt. 伤害，损害 __________adj. 受伤的；受损害的 19. __________vt. 阻止，阻碍 __________n. 预防；阻止；妨碍 __________adj. 可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的 20. __________ n.设备；配备；装备 __________vt. 装备，配备 21. __________n. 缺乏，不足v. 缺乏，不足，没有；短缺 __________adj. 缺乏的，不足的；缺失的，有缺陷的 22. __________vt. 维持；维护；保养 __________adj. 可维持的 __________n. 维护，维修；保持 重点词组 1. ______________________ 在… 有共同之处 2. ______________________ 强身健体 3. ______________________ 阻止某人做某事 4. ______________________ 创造奇迹；产生神奇作用 5. ______________________ 长期 6. ______________________ 倾向，往往会 7. ______________________ 克服消极情绪 8. ______________________ 某人有可能做某事 9. ______________________ 持续，坚持 10. _____________________ 非常重要 11. _____________________ 弥补；补偿 12. _____________________ 避免受伤 13. ______________________ 面对面 重点句型 1.序数词修饰名词+to do 作后置定语 2. be of + 抽象名词 知识点梳理 1. assume assumption n.假定；设想；担任；采取 assuming conj. 假设 原文：Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and the minds…. 大多数的人都认为经常锻炼对身心大有益处…。(教材P16) ◆ vt. 假定，认为；承担责任；就职；呈现；显露 (1) It is assumed that… 人们认为；假定；推测 assume… as/ to be 认为…是 assume responsibility/debt 承认责任/ 债务 (2) on the assumption that… 假如 make the assumption that…认为；假定 (3) assuming (that)… 假如 ①It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.  It is reasonable to make the assumption (that) the economy will continue to improve.  认为经济将继续好转是有道理的。 ②We are working on the assumption that it was a gas explosion.  我们正依据它是一起燃气爆炸的假设而行动。 ③I hope to go to college next year, always assuming I pass my exams.  我希望明年上大学，当然是在我通过考试的前提下。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 (1)写出下列句子中assume的中文含义 ①The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare.  ②This matter has assumed considerable importance.  ③He assumed an air of concern.  (2) 完成句子 ④We must ___________________ until he is proved guilty.  尚未证明他有罪，就得假定他是清白的。 ⑤It was impossible to ___________________ people's reactions.  臆断人们的反应是不可能的。 2. tend tendency n. 倾向，趋势；癖好 原文：It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems. 有证据表明，经常锻炼的人往往免疫系统更好。 (教材P16) ◆vi. 往往会；趋向 vt. 照顾 (1) tend to  往往会；趋向 tend sb/ sth 照料；照管；护理 (2) have a tendency to往往会；趋向 ①Women tend to live longer than men.  女人往往比男人长寿。 ②Doctors and nurses tended the injured.  医生和护士护理受伤者。 ③I have a tendency to talk too much when I'm nervous.  我紧张时总爱唠叨。 ④There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff.  雇主雇用临时职员有增加的趋势。 [单句语法填空/完成句子] ①Actually，people always tend (judge) a person by his/her appearance initially. ②Nowadays there is a growing (tend) for people to shop on the Internet. ③When people are under pressure， . 当人们处于压力之下时，他们往往会感到焦虑。 ④I’m writing to express my sincere thanks to the nurse who tended my mother in hospital. 我写信向在医院照顾过我母亲的那位护士表示诚挚的谢意。 3. reduce reduction n. 减少；下降；缩小 原文：Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. 锻炼身体能帮助你缓解心理压力，克服负面情绪。(教材P16) ◆vt. 减少；缩小 be reduced/ increased to 减少/ 增加到… be reduced/ increased by 减少/ 增加了… be reduced to 沦落为 ①Giving up smoking reduces the risk of heart disease.  戒烟会减少得心脏病的风险。 ②The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25.  雇员人数从40人减少到了25人。 ③Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year.  过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%。 【跟踪典例】写出下列句子中pick up 的汉语意思 ①They ________________ begging in the streets.  他们沦落到沿街乞讨。 ②The government is aiming at a 50% ________________ in unemployment.  政府正力争减少50%的失业人数。 4. range 原文： … and improve your body’s range of movement. …增大肢体活动的幅度。 (教材P17) ◆n. 范围，界限；区间；一系列 (1)in/ within range of 在… 范围内 out of range of 超出…的范围 a range of 一系列的 beyond one’s range of 超出…的范围 (2)range from… to… 从…到… 变化 range between … and … 在… 范围内变动 ①There will be an increase in the range of 0 to 3 per cent.  将会有0到3个百分点的增长幅度。 ②There is a full range of activities for children.  这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。 ③She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.  她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。 [单句语法填空/完成句子] ①The age of the candidates ranged 29 49 with an average age of 37. ②When driving on highways，the driver must control his or her speed the range of 60km/h and 120km/h. ③An artist can create using Chinese guzheng. 艺术家用中国古筝能够创造出各种美妙的声音。 5. average 原文：In general, you should have your meal an average of 105 to 2.5 hours before exercising. 一般情况下，应该在锻炼之前一个半到两个半小时进食。(教材P17) ◆n. 平均水平；一般水平 adj. 平均的；典型的 (1) above/below average  平均水平之上/ 之下 on average 平均起来 an average of  平均是 (2)an average rate/cost/price 平均费率/成本/价格 an average student 一个中等生 ①Unemployment here is twice the national average.  这儿的失业率是全国平均数的两倍。 ②There has been below average rainfall this month.  这个月的降雨低于平均降雨量。 ③400 people a year die of this disease on average.  平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。 ④Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence.  也许你是个智力一般、表现平平的学生。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①The boats remain at sea for _______________ ten days at a time.  这些船平均每次在海上呆10天。 ②What does _______________ sitting in the auditorium look like?  坐在礼堂里的那些普通人是什么样子？ ③________________, snow falls on Helvellyn 67 days per year.  在赫尔维林峰，每年平均有67天会降雪。 6. make up for 原文：Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost for sweat. 锻炼过程中别忘了喝水，以弥补出汗消耗的水分。(教材P17) ◆弥补，补偿 ①After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time.  耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间。 ②How can I make up for the way I've treated you?  我这样对你，该怎么向你表示歉意呢？ 【拓展延伸】make up 弥补 ; 构成 ; 编造 ; 组成 make sense 讲得通 ; 有意义 ; 有道理 ; 言之有理 make for 走向 ; 有助于 ; 促进 ; 导致 make mistakes 犯错误 ; 学会犯错 ; 出错 make headway 取得进展 ; 有进展 ; 前进 ; 取得盼望 make good 成功 ; 弥补 ; 履行诺言 ; 补偿 make clear 澄清 ; 弄清楚 ; 表明 ; 说明  【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①Muslims ___________ 55% of the population.  穆斯林占人口的55%。 ②All these opinions ____________, and consequently it is hard to choose the best of them.  所有意见都有道理，因此很难说哪个是最好的。 ③I ____________ the woods!  我往树林跑去 ④This is especially important as it will _____________  the value of solving the problems.  这点尤其重要，因为它会使解决这些问题的意义更加明确。 7. injury injure vt. 伤害，损害 injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的 原文：To prevent soft tissue injury…. 为避免软组织受伤…。(教材P17) ◆n. 伤害；损伤 (1) do sb an injury/ do an injury to sb 伤害某人 serious injury/injuries 重伤 minor injuries 轻伤 escape injury 险受伤害 (2) get injured 受伤 the injured 伤员 ①Several weeks after the match, he was still nursing a shoulder injury.  比赛过去几个星期了，他仍在疗养肩伤。 ②The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury.  那两名官员非常幸运地逃过了严重伤害。 ③Running too much too soon is one of the easiest ways to get injured.  跑的过多过快是最容易受伤的一种方式。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①She'd been fortunate to _____________________.  她运气好，躲过了更严重的伤害。 ②Ten of _______________ are said to be in critical condition.  据说伤者中有十人情况危急 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①What really ____________ was that he never answered my letter.  真正让我伤心的是他从不给我回信。 ②The treatment they gave him did him more ____________ than good .  他们的治疗对他弊多于利。 ③The soldier died from a ____________ in the battle.  这位士兵在这次战役中因负伤而死。 ④Those ____________ in the accident have already been sent to the hospital.  那些在事故中受伤的人都已送往医院。 8. prevent prevention n. 预防；阻止；妨碍 preventive adj. 可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的 原文：To prevent soft tissue injury…. 为避免软组织受伤…。(教材P17) ◆vt. 阻止，阻碍 (1)prevent (doing) sth 阻止(做)某事 prevent sb/ sth (from) doing sth 阻止某人/ 某物做某事 (2) accident/crime prevention 防止事故/ 犯罪 the prevention of disease 疾病的预防 a fire prevention officer 消防官员 ①Early identification of a disease can prevent death and illness. 疾病的早期确认可避免死亡和病痛。 ②Further treatment will prevent cancer from developing. 进一步治疗将预防癌症恶化。 ③Prevention of a problem is always preferable to trying to cure it. 防止出现问题总是比试图解决问题更可取。 [单句语法填空/完成句子] ① (prevent) of a disease is always easier than trying to cure it. ②No one can prevent this plan from (carry) out. ③They were stopped from (enter) the burning building. ④It’s high time that we did something to . 到了我们采取措施阻止环境受污染的时候了。 表示“阻止某人做某事”的短语： keep sb from doing sth stop sb (from) doing sth preclude sb (from) doing sth 9. equipment equip vt. 装备，配备 原文：…make sure that your wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising .锻炼时一定要穿戴合适的衣服和护具。(教材P31) ◆n.设备；配备；装备 (1)equip sb/ sth with sth 装备有… be equipped with sth 装备有… equip sb for 使某人有所准备；使有能力 be well/ badly equipped 装备精良/ 很差 (2)a piece of equipment 一件设备 ①All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.  所有乘客都配有反光背心和安全灯。 ②The stadium is well equipped.  这个运动场设备很好。 ③This factory has imported a piece of equipment this year.  这家工厂今年进口了一台设备 [单句语法填空/完成句子] ①It is clear that high-tech has become popular among teenagers and changed their way of life. 很显然，高科技设备在青少年中流行起来，并且改变了他们的生活方式。 ②Every classroom is (equip) with a computer，through which we can look up the information on different websites. 每个教室都配备了一台电脑，我们可以通过它在不同的网站上查找信息。 10. lack lacking adj. 缺乏的,不足的;缺失的,有缺陷的 原文：…their lack of exercise during weekdays. … 他们在工作日缺乏锻炼。(教材P19) ◆n. 缺乏，不足v. 缺乏，不足，没有；短缺 (1)lack sth 缺乏某物 lack for sth 需要某物 (2) for lack of sth因为缺乏某物 a lack of 缺乏某物 (3)be lacking in sth缺乏某物 ①As a writer he seemed to lack creative spark.  作为作家，他似乎缺少创作激情。 ②The charges were dropped for lack of evidence.  由于缺少证据，起诉被撤销了。 ③She seemed to be lacking in frankness.  她似乎不够坦率。 [单句语法填空/句型转换] ①Some food we buy especially junk food is (lack) in nutrients. ②He failed to adapt himself to the hard life lack of determination and willpower. ③The boy dropped out of school because he lacked money. →The boy dropped out of school because he was money. → money，the boy dropped out of school. 句型 1. 序数词修饰名词+to do作后置定语 原文： the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve…. 首先要考虑的是你想要提升哪方面。 (教材P17) 【句式分析】 本句中 “the first”是序数词，修饰“thing”，当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next, the only, the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 ①I'll be the first one to admit it: I don't like working hard.  我将是第一个承认这一点的人：我不喜欢努力工作。 ②He was among the last to leave.  他是最后离开者之一。 ③The most important thing to consider is your own health and well being.  所以最需要考虑的事情就是你自身的健康和幸福。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①Who is the next one ______________ the challenge?  谁将是下一个挑战的人。 ②To observe is one of the most difficult things ______________.  观察是做起来最困难的事情之一。 2. be of + 抽象名词 原文： When to eat is also of great importance.什么时候吃同样很重要。(教材P17) 【句式分析】 be of+抽象名词相当于“be +该抽象名词相对应的形容词。其中 of 表示“具备；具有”， of 不可以省略。例如：be of use/ importance/ significance/ help/ value/ benefit = be useful/ important/ significant/ helpful/ valuable/ beneficial… ，这些抽象名词前常用great, little, some, any, much, no 等来修饰说明其程度。 be of +名词，还可用来说明句子主语在度量，大小，颜色，类别等方面的特征。这类名词有 colour, age, size, height, weight, shape, type，kind等。在这类名词前常用different, all, the same，this, that, a(n) +形容词等词来修饰或说明。 ①Heart of appreciation is of great significance in our lives.  Heart of appreciation is very significant in our lives. 一颗懂得感恩之心是非常重要的。 ②The two girls are of the same age.  这俩女孩年龄相同。 【跟踪典例】 ①The drawing ________________, and it is worthless.  这画没有价值，它没有用 ②The two coats are __________________.  这两件外衣颜色相同。 3.To prevent soft tissue injury，make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 状语从句的省略 (1)句中when exercising是状语从句的省略形式，when后省略了you are。 (2)当when，while，if，unless，once，as if等引导状语从句时，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it且从句的谓语部分含有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。 [单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子] ①While (walk) along the river bank，she was singing a pop song with her classmates. ②Some electronic equipment such as headphones can do harm to our hearing if (use) improperly. ③If it is possible，you should turn to your teacher for help. →If ，you should turn to your teacher for help. ④There is no harm in paying attention to table manners . 与朋友吃饭时注意餐桌礼仪没有坏处。 课堂练习 单词拼写 1. All the e  in the gym should be checked regularly.  2. Gestures have been used to r  words in many countries.  3. Do you know anything about the revolutionary m in 1950s? 4. Seeing as Mr. Moreton is a doctor, I a  he is reasonably smart. 5. They will a  the result of the vote tonight. 6. To m  her weight, she simply chooses fruits and vegetables over fats and sweets. 7. The d  is spread by mosquitoes. 8. The boy's lungs cleared and he began to b  more easily. 9. The store has an excellent  (位置) in the shopping mall.  10. In your free time,  (探索) all that this incredible city has to offer. 11. He's a talented  (运动员) who competes nationally and internationally.  12. People live longer  (如今), and they are better educated. 13. She was hot and  (汗水) dripped into her eyes. 14. The one thing that she accomplished was raising money to  (更新) our facilities. 15. She occupied herself with  (常规的) office tasks. 单句语法填空 1. I presented her a flower vase in congratulation   her birthday. 2. You would be making an  (assume) that's not based on any fact that you could report. 3. Women tend  (live) longer than men. 4. He was hardworking and  (energy). 5. He suffered a serious  (injure) that made him to give up work. 6. Please do not hesitate  (contact) me if you have any questions. 7. I admit (be) careless in this exam. 8. She takes her  (inspire) from shells and stones she finds on the seashore. 9. Looking into the mirror, I smiled to myself with (satisfy). 10. How can I make up   the way I've treated you? 2.2 Grammar：现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 现在进行时和现在完成时 （一）现在进行时 (1)现在进行时的结构：现在进行时由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成，即：am/ is/ are + doing (2)现在进行时的基本用法： ①表示目前（说话时）正在进行的动作，如： The teacher is giving us an English lesson now. 老师现在正在给我们上英语课。 ②表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作，如： She is teaching English and learning Chinese. 她在教英语并学习汉语。 ③表示近期特定的安排或计划，如： What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期你打算干什么？ ④go, come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时，如： I'm coming. 我要来了。 ⑤与always, often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩，如： She is always worrying him for presents. 她总是缠着他要礼物。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①He is________________________ in his bedroom. 他在他的卧室里读一本有趣的书。 ②He has told fellow students that he___________________________. 他跟同学说，他在写一本小说。 ③You are always _________________________ me.! 你总是捉弄我！ （二）现在完成时 (1)现在完成时的结构：现在进行时由have/ has + 过去分词构成，即：have/ has done (2)现在完成时的基本用法： ①表示动作在说话时已经完成(可不指出动作发生的确切时间)，但对现在产生某种后果或影响。常与ever, recently, before, so far, up to now, till now, in the past years, these days等时间状语连用。 Have you ever been to the West Lake? 你曾经去过西湖吗？ ②表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去，这时常和“since＋点时间状语(名词、短语、从句)”或“for＋段时间状语”连用。 We have lived here since I was born. 自我出生以来我们一直住在这里。 I have taught in this school for 30 years. 我在这所学校任教了30年。 ③在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。 He will come as soon as he has finished his work. 他一做完工作就会来。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①In 1960 he came to London, in which city he _______________________ever since. 1960年他来到伦敦，自此在该城一直住到现在。 ②I _______________________with absolute certainty there'll be no change of policy. 我十分确定地告诉他们政策不会有变。 ③If I ______________________this book, I will boil coffee for you. 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 （一）现在进行时的被动语态 (1)现在进行时被动语态的结构：现在进行时由“am / is / are + being+过去分词”构成，即：am/ is/ are being done (2)现在进行时被动语态的基本用法： ①表示目前（说话时）动作正在被进行，如： The bridge is being built now. 这座桥现在正在被建。 ②表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在被进行的动作，如： These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon. 这些动物正以如此速度被捕杀，它们很快就会消失。 ③与always, often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩，如： Tom is always being praised by the teacher. 汤姆总是被老师表扬。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①Are the babies _______________________by this nurse? 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？ ②Preparations _______________________for the coming examination now. 我们现在正在为即将到来的考试做准备。 ③I feel very shocked that the window of our classroom ________________________. 我感到非常震惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 （二）现在完成时的被动语态 (1)现在完成时的结构：现在进行时由have/ has + been + 过去分词”构成，即：have/ has been done (2)现在完成时被动语态的基本用法： ①表示动作在说话时已经完成(可不指出动作发生的确切时间)，但对现在产生某种后果或影响。常与ever, recently, before, so far, up to now, till now, in the past years, these days等时间状语连用。 He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting. 他已被挑选出来参加运动会。 ②表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去，这时常和“since＋点时间状语(名词、短语、从句)”或“for＋段时间状语”连用。 The construction of the bridge has not been finished. 桥的建设还没有完成。 ③在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。 He will come as soon as his work has been finished. 他一做完工作就会来。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 The difficulties __________________, the work __________________ and the problem ___________________.  困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。 ②Financial problems of the company for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。 练习 1.单项选择 1. My washing machine ________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand． A. was repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 2. Our city is becoming a modern one． More and more tall buildings _______ in the last five years． A. have been built B. would be built C. had been built D. were built 3. Having a glass of water first thing in the morning helps rid your body of poisonous substances that ________ overnight. A. were stored B. had been stored C. are being stored D. have been stored 4. Social and cultural activities for senior citizens ______ over the past several years． A. conducted B. were conducted C. have conducted D. have been conducted 5. New energy vehiclesharing projects ________ in dozens of cities across the country to fuel China's sharing economy in the next few years. A. are to carry out B. are being carried out C. were carried out D. will have been carried out 6. So far, almost every possible means ________ to provide accommodation and medical rescue for the people in the flood-stricken area. A. were tried B. was tried C. have been tried D. has been tried 7. — Excuse me, what time is it now? — Sorry, my watch ______. It ______ at the shop. A. isn't working; is being repaired B. doesn't work; is being repaired C. isn't working; is repaired D. doesn't work; is repaired 8. —What’s that noise? —Oh, I forget to tell you. The new machine ________. A. is testing B. was being tested C. is being tested D. has been tested 9. —When can we move to the new apartment? —Well, it ________, and hopefully, the job will be done in a couple of weeks. A. is being decorated B. is decorated C. was decorated D. had decorated 10. New energy-sharing projects                in dozens of cities across the country to fuel China's  sharing economy in the next few years. A. are to carry out B. are being carried out C. were carried out D. will have been carried out 11. To lower the housing price, several measures ________ in the last two years. A. have adopted B. were adopted C. have been adopted D. had been adopted 12. When and where to build the new factory __________ yet. A. have not been decided B. has not decided C. has not been decided D. have not decided 13. They hosted a show on Taobao Live to help promote the sales of enterprises in poor district that ________ by natural factors. A. was affected B. had been affected C. have been affected D. will be affected 14. This is one of the most interesting questions that ______ asked. A. have B. has C. have been D. has been 15. I have to stay with a friend for another few weeks, because my room _______. A. is decorating B. is decorated C. has been decorated D. is being decorated 16. Forest as well as other children who _______certain disabilities _______down on at school. A. have; are being looked B. have; are looking C. has; is looking D. have; is being looked . 17. I have to stay with a friend for another few weeks, because my room ________. A. is decorating B. is decorated C. has been decorated D. is being decorated 18. The temple which ______ will be open to tourists soon. The repairs are almost finished. A. has been restored B. was restored C. is being restored D. will be restored 19. —The machine is working again! —Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it ______.    A. has been fixed B. is being fixed C. had been fixed D. would be fixed 20. Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution, but sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. have used D. has been used 2.单句语法 1. Large amounts of equipment ________ (sell) at a discount now. 2. Large quantities of water ____________ (pollute) already, which makes the river around the village smell terrible. 3. The school library____________ (decorate) this week, so we can’t borrow books or do some reading there. 4. Preserving the Ming and Qing Tombs ____________ (give) serious attention in recent decades. 5. Many a way ____________ (use) to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 6. Many new things ____________ (invent) in the last ten years. 7. To our relief, up to now the injured in crash ____________ (carry) to the nearby hospital. 8. The boy is so curious that he wants to know what____________ (discuss) now in the secret room. 9. Today the public is much concerned about the way nature is being ____________ (ruin). 10. Facing the economic depression, every possible means ____________ (try) this year to save the company from going bankrupt. 3.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。  Environment means all the 1.____________ (nature) surroundings such as land, air, water, plants, and other things. Healthy environment not only keeps the nature's balance but 2.____________ (help) in growing and developing all the living things on the earth. Besides, a man-made environment also exists, 3.____________  deals with the technology, transportation, housing, urbanization, etc. However, nowadays, some man-made technological advancements are spoiling the environment in many ways, finally 4.____________ (disturb) the balance of nature. We are keeping our lives as well as the 5.____________ (exist) of life in the future on this planet in danger.  1.___________ we do in a wrong way out of the discipline of nature is to disturb the whole environment. Due to some bad and selfish activities of the human beings, our environment is getting 7.____________  (affect). Man-made environment affects our nature 8.____________  such a great degree that we all must be together to save it. The components of nature are made use of by the human beings 9.____________ (basic) to fulfill some physical needs. We should not challenge the 10.____________  (resource) any longer and should value them and use them by staying under the appropriate discipline. We all must take efforts to protect our environment to keep it safe as usual forever. 巩固练习 I. 单词拼写 1. She flashed him a false smile of  (祝贺). 2. There is a tendency for this  (疾病) to run in families. 3. Industrialized countries must r__________ carbon dioxide emissions.  4. The fault was discovered during a r__________ check. 5. He was about to s___________ out his hand to grab me.  6. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, r__________ from butterflies to elephants. 7.I t's a waste of time and __________ (精力). 8. I was convinced that he was brighter than a__________average. 9. T__________ history the sea has served the needs of man 10. (汗水) pours down my face and into my eyes. 11. We are taking steps to  (阻止) pollution. 12. All the   (设备) should be cleaned down regularly. 13. Few people nowadays are able to  (维持)friendships into adulthood. Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. Some television programmes tend ___________ patronize children. 2. I have also seen the overall size be reduced ___________ about 60%. 3. Courses range from cooking ___________ computing. 4. He knew I was ____________(energy) and dynamic and would get things done. 5. You always know players can get ____________(injury) but you do not expect this kind of thing. 6. We hope to prevent anything unpleasant from ___________(happen). 7. We should equip our child ____________ a good education. 8. He admitted a lack ____________ motivation and a feeling of sloth. 9. The first thing ____________(do) is to plan out what it is you are trying to do. 10. The new regulations will be of ____________(benefit) to everyone concerned.  阅读理解 A The theatre in Shakespeare’s time was much different than it is today.Authors wrote plays for the masses，especially those who couldn’t read or write. The theatre changed a lot during Shakespeare’s lifetime.The authorities didn’t like it and didn’t allow acting in the city itself：They thought it had a bad influence on people and kept them from going to church.Queen Elizabeth，on the other hand，loved acting and helped the theatre become popular. The theatre in Shakespeare’s time was full of life.People did not sit all the time and it was not quiet during the performance.The audience could walk around，eat and drink during the play. Theaters were open arenas or playhouses that had room for up to three thousand people.There was almost no scenery because the dialogue was the most important part of the play.Colourful and well­designed costumes were very important and told the people about the status of a character.Women never performed in plays,80 young boys played female characters.The performances took place in the afternoon because it was too dark at night. There was no stage crew as there is today.Actors had to do everything themselves—from making costumes to setting the stage.Plays were organized by acting companies.They performed about 6 different plays each week because they needed money to survive.They had almost no time to rehearse(排练)． The companies in Shakespeare’s time had a rank system.The company belonged to shareholders and managers.They were responsible for everything and got most of the money when the company was successful.Sometimes they even owned their own buildings.Actors worked for the managers and after some time became a permanent member of the company.Apprentices(学徒) were young boys and were allowed to act in unimportant roles.They also played female characters in plays. 21．Why was the theatre banned by the authorities? A．It was much different than before. B．They thought it affected people negatively. C．They thought it kept people going to church. D．The queen didn’t like it. 22．What does the underlined word “arenas” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Stages. B．Stores. C．Companies. D．Playgrounds. 23．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To remember Shakespeare. B．To show his love of Shakespeare’s plays. C．To introduce theaters in Shakespeare’s time. D．To discuss the company’s rank system. B Lawrence Ferlinghetti, the poet, publisher, painter, social activist and bookstore owner, has been San Francisco's honored poet. He turns 100 this month, and the city is making preparations to celebrate him in style. Readings and performances and an open house will take place at City Lights, the sacred bookstore he co­founded in 1953. On March 24, 1919, Lawrence Ferlinghetti was born in Yonkers, New York. After spending his early childhood in France, he received his BA from the University of North Carolina, an MA from Columbia University, and a PhD from the Sorbonne. He is the author of more than thirty books of poetry, including Poetry as Insurgent Art and A Coney Island of the Mind. He has translated the works of a number of poets, including Nicanor Parra, Jacques Prevert, and Pier Paolo Pasolini. In addition to poetry, he is also the author of more than eight plays and three novels, including Little Boy: A Novel, Love in the Days of Rage and Her. In 1953, Ferlinghetti and Peter Martin opened the City Lights bookstore in San Francisco, California. It became a nerve center for the Beats and other writers. Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and other writers from that era were Easterners who dropped into San Francisco for a spell. In 2001 it was made an official historic landmark. Now City Lights is almost certainly the best bookstore in the United States. It's filled with serious world literature of all kinds. If City Lights is a San Francisco institution, Ferlinghetti himself is as much of one. He has loomed over the city's literary life. As a poet, he's never been a critical favorite. But his flexible and plain­spoken and often powerful work—he has published more than 50 volumes — has found a wide audience. His collection A Coney Island of the Mind has sold more than 1 million copies, making it one of the best­selling American poetry books ever published. 24．What can we learn about Ferlinghetti from paragraph 2? A. He had a happy childhood. B. He received normal education. C. He had a gift for writing novels. D. He had written lots of poetry. 25．Which of the following best describes Ferlinghetti according to paragraph 3? A. Flexible. B. Optimistic. C. Outspoken. D. Productive. 26．Why is City Lights famous? A. Because it is a nerve center for the youth. B. Because its collections have a long history. C. Because it is an official historic landmark. D. Because it has many modern world literature. 27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A. To speak highly of a great poet. B. To introduce some English poetry. C. To promote values of City Lights. D. To celebrate the birthday of Ferlinghetti. 七选五 Earthquakes strike without warning and are among the most destructive natural disasters. Keeping calm and proper reaction can sometimes save your life. To ride out an earthquake, remember the phrase “drop, cover, and hold on.” __36__． 1. Move away from buildings, street lights, power lines, and bridges. __37__. As soon as the ground begins shaking, try to get as far away as possible from any nearby structures. Do not seek shelter under a bridge or overpass. 2. Crouch down low in a wide open area until the shaking stops. Once you've made your way away from nearby structures, get on your hands and knees and cover your head. See if there are any objects nearby to use as a shield(遮蔽物), such as a trash can lid. __38__． 3. __39__． As you go out after the earthquake, be careful of broken glass, rubble, downed power lines, fallen trees, and any other potential danger. Check yourself and anyone nearby for injuries. If necessary, perform first aid and call emergency services. 4. Get to higher ground if you're on the shore or near a dam. Earthquakes can cause tsunamis, so put distance between yourself and the coast. If a shaking lasts more than 20 seconds, __40__. Get to ground that's at least 100 ft (30 m) above sea level or 2 miles (3.2 km) from the shore. A. drop to your hands and knees under a table or desk B. Watch out for danger as you observe your surroundings C. If possible, grab a pillow, sofa cushion, or another object to cover your face and head D. Here are four tips helping you survive an earthquake if you are outdoors E. don't wait for an alarm or warning to escape F. The most dangerous locations during an earthquake are areas immediately around buildings G. If none are available, cover your head and neck with your hands and arms 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon．The unmanned Changˈe-4 probe（探测器）— the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess —（1）______（touch）down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin．Landing on the moonˈs far side is （2）______ extreme）challenging．Because the moonˈs body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot （3）______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth．The far side of the moon is of particular （4）______ （interesting）to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters（环形山），more so （5）______ the familiar near side．Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Changˈe-4 （6）______and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin．"This really excites scientists，" Carle Pieters， a scientist at Brown University，says，"because it （7）______（mean）we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon （8）______（construct）．" Data about the moonˈs composition，such as how （9）______ ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether （10）______（it）plans for a future lunar（月球的）base are practical． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy上 2.1 Welcome to the unit &Reading 重点词汇 1. __________ n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺词；恭贺 __________vt. 祝贺；恭喜；庆贺 2. __________vt. 假定，认为；承担责任；就职；呈现；显露 __________n. 假定；设想；担任；采取 __________conj. 假设 3. __________ vi. 往往会；趋向 vt. 照看 __________n. 倾向，趋势；癖好 4. __________ n.病；疾病 5. __________ adv. 此外；而且 6. __________ vt. 减少；缩小 __________n. 减少；下降；缩小 __________ v./ n. 增加；提高 7. __________ n. 常规；惯例 adj. 常规的；例行的；乏味的 8. __________ n. 肌肉；肌 9. __________ n. 体操；体操训练 __________n. 健身房；体育；体育馆 __________adj. 体操的，体育的 10. __________ vt. & vi. 伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；（使）延伸 11. __________ n. 范围，界限；区间；一系列 12. __________ n. 活动，转动；移动，运动 13. __________ n. 能，能量；精力；能源 __________adj. 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的 14. __________ n. 蛋白质 15. __________ n. 平均水平；一般水平 adj. 平均的；典型的 16. __________ prep. 自始至终，各处，遍及 17. __________ n. 汗水 v. 流汗 18. __________ n. 伤害；损伤 __________vt. 伤害，损害 __________adj. 受伤的；受损害的 19. __________vt. 阻止，阻碍 __________n. 预防；阻止；妨碍 __________adj. 可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的 20. __________ n.设备；配备；装备 __________vt. 装备，配备 21. __________n. 缺乏，不足v. 缺乏，不足，没有；短缺 __________adj. 缺乏的，不足的；缺失的，有缺陷的 22. __________vt. 维持；维护；保养 __________adj. 可维持的 __________n. 维护，维修；保持 重点词组 1. ______________________ 在… 有共同之处 2. ______________________ 强身健体 3. ______________________ 阻止某人做某事 4. ______________________ 创造奇迹；产生神奇作用 5. ______________________ 长期 6. ______________________ 倾向，往往会 7. ______________________ 克服消极情绪 8. ______________________ 某人有可能做某事 9. ______________________ 持续，坚持 10. _____________________ 非常重要 11. _____________________ 弥补；补偿 12. _____________________ 避免受伤 13. ______________________ 面对面 重点句型 1.序数词修饰名词+to do 作后置定语 2. be of + 抽象名词 【重点词汇】 1. congratulation; congratulate 2. assume; assumption 3.tend; tendency 4. disease 5.moreover 6. reduce; reduction 7.routine 8. muscle 9. gymnastics; gym; gymnastic 10.stretch 11.range 12.movement; 13. energy; energetic 14. protein 15. average 16. throughout 17. sweat; 18. injury; injure; injured 19. prevent; prevention; preventive 20. equipment; equip 21. lack; lacking 22. maintain; maintainable; maintenance 【重点词组】 1. have… in common 2.get into shape 3.prevent sb from doing sth 4.do wonder 5.over the long term 6. tend to 7. get over negative feelings 8. sb be likely to do sth 9. stick with 10. be of great importance 11. make up for 12. avoid getting hurt 13. face to face 知识点梳理 1. assume assumption n.假定；设想；担任；采取 assuming conj. 假设 原文：Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and the minds…. 大多数的人都认为经常锻炼对身心大有益处…。(教材P16) ◆ vt. 假定，认为；承担责任；就职；呈现；显露 (1) It is assumed that… 人们认为；假定；推测 assume… as/ to be 认为…是 assume responsibility/debt 承认责任/ 债务 (2) on the assumption that… 假如 make the assumption that…认为；假定 (3) assuming (that)… 假如 ①It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.  It is reasonable to make the assumption (that) the economy will continue to improve.  认为经济将继续好转是有道理的。 ②We are working on the assumption that it was a gas explosion.  我们正依据它是一起燃气爆炸的假设而行动。 ③I hope to go to college next year, always assuming I pass my exams.  我希望明年上大学，当然是在我通过考试的前提下。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 (1)写出下列句子中assume的中文含义 ①The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare.  ②This matter has assumed considerable importance.  ③He assumed an air of concern.  (2) 完成句子 ④We must ___________________ until he is proved guilty.  尚未证明他有罪，就得假定他是清白的。 ⑤It was impossible to ___________________ people's reactions.  臆断人们的反应是不可能的。 【答案】 ① 承担 ②呈现 ③假装 ④assume him to be innocent ⑤make assumptions about 2. tend tendency n. 倾向，趋势；癖好 原文：It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems. 有证据表明，经常锻炼的人往往免疫系统更好。 (教材P16) ◆vi. 往往会；趋向 vt. 照顾 (1) tend to  往往会；趋向 tend sb/ sth 照料；照管；护理 (2) have a tendency to往往会；趋向 ①Women tend to live longer than men.  女人往往比男人长寿。 ②Doctors and nurses tended the injured.  医生和护士护理受伤者。 ③I have a tendency to talk too much when I'm nervous.  我紧张时总爱唠叨。 ④There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff.  雇主雇用临时职员有增加的趋势。 [单句语法填空/完成句子] ①Actually，people always tend (judge) a person by his/her appearance initially. ②Nowadays there is a growing (tend) for people to shop on the Internet. ③When people are under pressure， . 当人们处于压力之下时，他们往往会感到焦虑。 ④I’m writing to express my sincere thanks to the nurse who tended my mother in hospital. 我写信向在医院照顾过我母亲的那位护士表示诚挚的谢意。 【答案】1.to judge2.tendency3.they tend to feel anxious4.tended my mother in hospital 3. reduce reduction n. 减少；下降；缩小 原文：Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. 锻炼身体能帮助你缓解心理压力，克服负面情绪。(教材P16) ◆vt. 减少；缩小 be reduced/ increased to 减少/ 增加到… be reduced/ increased by 减少/ 增加了… be reduced to 沦落为 ①Giving up smoking reduces the risk of heart disease.  戒烟会减少得心脏病的风险。 ②The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25.  雇员人数从40人减少到了25人。 ③Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year.  过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%。 【跟踪典例】写出下列句子中pick up 的汉语意思 ①They ________________ begging in the streets.  他们沦落到沿街乞讨。 ②The government is aiming at a 50% ________________ in unemployment.  政府正力争减少50%的失业人数。 【答案】 ①were reduced to ②reduction 4. range 原文： … and improve your body’s range of movement. …增大肢体活动的幅度。 (教材P17) ◆n. 范围，界限；区间；一系列 (1)in/ within range of 在… 范围内 out of range of 超出…的范围 a range of 一系列的 beyond one’s range of 超出…的范围 (2)range from… to… 从…到… 变化 range between … and … 在… 范围内变动 ①There will be an increase in the range of 0 to 3 per cent.  将会有0到3个百分点的增长幅度。 ②There is a full range of activities for children.  这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。 ③She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.  她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。 [单句语法填空/完成句子] ①The age of the candidates ranged 29 49 with an average age of 37. ②When driving on highways，the driver must control his or her speed the range of 60km/h and 120km/h. ③An artist can create using Chinese guzheng. 艺术家用中国古筝能够创造出各种美妙的声音。 【答案】1.from ，to 2.within/in 3.a wide range of pleasant sounds 5. average 原文：In general, you should have your meal an average of 105 to 2.5 hours before exercising. 一般情况下，应该在锻炼之前一个半到两个半小时进食。(教材P17) ◆n. 平均水平；一般水平 adj. 平均的；典型的 (1) above/below average  平均水平之上/ 之下 on average 平均起来 an average of  平均是 (2)an average rate/cost/price 平均费率/成本/价格 an average student 一个中等生 ①Unemployment here is twice the national average.  这儿的失业率是全国平均数的两倍。 ②There has been below average rainfall this month.  这个月的降雨低于平均降雨量。 ③400 people a year die of this disease on average.  平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。 ④Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence.  也许你是个智力一般、表现平平的学生。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①The boats remain at sea for _______________ ten days at a time.  这些船平均每次在海上呆10天。 ②What does _______________ sitting in the auditorium look like?  坐在礼堂里的那些普通人是什么样子？ ③________________, snow falls on Helvellyn 67 days per year.  在赫尔维林峰，每年平均有67天会降雪。 【答案】 ①an average of ②the average person ③On average 6. make up for 原文：Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost for sweat. 锻炼过程中别忘了喝水，以弥补出汗消耗的水分。(教材P17) ◆弥补，补偿 ①After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time.  耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间。 ②How can I make up for the way I've treated you?  我这样对你，该怎么向你表示歉意呢？ 【拓展延伸】make up 弥补 ; 构成 ; 编造 ; 组成 make sense 讲得通 ; 有意义 ; 有道理 ; 言之有理 make for 走向 ; 有助于 ; 促进 ; 导致 make mistakes 犯错误 ; 学会犯错 ; 出错 make headway 取得进展 ; 有进展 ; 前进 ; 取得盼望 make good 成功 ; 弥补 ; 履行诺言 ; 补偿 make clear 澄清 ; 弄清楚 ; 表明 ; 说明  【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①Muslims ___________ 55% of the population.  穆斯林占人口的55%。 ②All these opinions ____________, and consequently it is hard to choose the best of them.  所有意见都有道理，因此很难说哪个是最好的。 ③I ____________ the woods!  我往树林跑去 ④This is especially important as it will _____________  the value of solving the problems.  这点尤其重要，因为它会使解决这些问题的意义更加明确。 【答案】 ①make up ②make sense ③make for ④make clear 7. injury injure vt. 伤害，损害 injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的 原文：To prevent soft tissue injury…. 为避免软组织受伤…。(教材P17) ◆n. 伤害；损伤 (1) do sb an injury/ do an injury to sb 伤害某人 serious injury/injuries 重伤 minor injuries 轻伤 escape injury 险受伤害 (2) get injured 受伤 the injured 伤员 ①Several weeks after the match, he was still nursing a shoulder injury.  比赛过去几个星期了，他仍在疗养肩伤。 ②The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury.  那两名官员非常幸运地逃过了严重伤害。 ③Running too much too soon is one of the easiest ways to get injured.  跑的过多过快是最容易受伤的一种方式。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①She'd been fortunate to _____________________.  她运气好，躲过了更严重的伤害。 ②Ten of _______________ are said to be in critical condition.  据说伤者中有十人情况危急 【答案】 ①escape more serious injury  ②the injured 【辨析】injure：尤指在事故中伤害、使受伤，强调功能的损失。 wound：指使身体受伤，强调流血，尤指用武器(刀，枪，剑等)伤害,战场上受伤。 hurt：普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。 harm：用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①What really ____________ was that he never answered my letter.  真正让我伤心的是他从不给我回信。 ②The treatment they gave him did him more ____________ than good .  他们的治疗对他弊多于利。 ③The soldier died from a ____________ in the battle.  这位士兵在这次战役中因负伤而死。 ④Those ____________ in the accident have already been sent to the hospital.  那些在事故中受伤的人都已送往医院。 【答案】 ①hurt  ②harm ③wound ④injured 8. prevent prevention n. 预防；阻止；妨碍 preventive adj. 可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的 原文：To prevent soft tissue injury…. 为避免软组织受伤…。(教材P17) ◆vt. 阻止，阻碍 (1)prevent (doing) sth 阻止(做)某事 prevent sb/ sth (from) doing sth 阻止某人/ 某物做某事 (2) accident/crime prevention 防止事故/ 犯罪 the prevention of disease 疾病的预防 a fire prevention officer 消防官员 ①Early identification of a disease can prevent death and illness. 疾病的早期确认可避免死亡和病痛。 ②Further treatment will prevent cancer from developing. 进一步治疗将预防癌症恶化。 ③Prevention of a problem is always preferable to trying to cure it. 防止出现问题总是比试图解决问题更可取。 [单句语法填空/完成句子] ① (prevent) of a disease is always easier than trying to cure it. ②No one can prevent this plan from (carry) out. ③They were stopped from (enter) the burning building. ④It’s high time that we did something to . 到了我们采取措施阻止环境受污染的时候了。 【答案】1.Prevention2.being carried3.entering4.prevent/stop/keep the environment from being polluted 表示“阻止某人做某事”的短语： keep sb from doing sth stop sb (from) doing sth preclude sb (from) doing sth 9. equipment equip vt. 装备，配备 原文：…make sure that your wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising .锻炼时一定要穿戴合适的衣服和护具。(教材P31) ◆n.设备；配备；装备 (1)equip sb/ sth with sth 装备有… be equipped with sth 装备有… equip sb for 使某人有所准备；使有能力 be well/ badly equipped 装备精良/ 很差 (2)a piece of equipment 一件设备 ①All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.  所有乘客都配有反光背心和安全灯。 ②The stadium is well equipped.  这个运动场设备很好。 ③This factory has imported a piece of equipment this year.  这家工厂今年进口了一台设备 [单句语法填空/完成句子] ①It is clear that high-tech has become popular among teenagers and changed their way of life. 很显然，高科技设备在青少年中流行起来，并且改变了他们的生活方式。 ②Every classroom is (equip) with a computer，through which we can look up the information on different websites. 每个教室都配备了一台电脑，我们可以通过它在不同的网站上查找信息。 【答案】1.equipment 2.equipped 10. lack lacking adj. 缺乏的,不足的;缺失的,有缺陷的 原文：…their lack of exercise during weekdays. … 他们在工作日缺乏锻炼。(教材P19) ◆n. 缺乏，不足v. 缺乏，不足，没有；短缺 (1)lack sth 缺乏某物 lack for sth 需要某物 (2) for lack of sth因为缺乏某物 a lack of 缺乏某物 (3)be lacking in sth缺乏某物 ①As a writer he seemed to lack creative spark.  作为作家，他似乎缺少创作激情。 ②The charges were dropped for lack of evidence.  由于缺少证据，起诉被撤销了。 ③She seemed to be lacking in frankness.  她似乎不够坦率。 [单句语法填空/句型转换] ①Some food we buy especially junk food is (lack) in nutrients. ②He failed to adapt himself to the hard life lack of determination and willpower. ③The boy dropped out of school because he lacked money. →The boy dropped out of school because he was money. → money，the boy dropped out of school. 【答案】1.lacking2.for 3. lacking in，Lacking (in) 句型 1. 序数词修饰名词+to do作后置定语 原文： the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve…. 首先要考虑的是你想要提升哪方面。 (教材P17) 【句式分析】 本句中 “the first”是序数词，修饰“thing”，当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next, the only, the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 ①I'll be the first one to admit it: I don't like working hard.  我将是第一个承认这一点的人：我不喜欢努力工作。 ②He was among the last to leave.  他是最后离开者之一。 ③The most important thing to consider is your own health and well being.  所以最需要考虑的事情就是你自身的健康和幸福。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①Who is the next one ______________ the challenge?  谁将是下一个挑战的人。 ②To observe is one of the most difficult things ______________.  观察是做起来最困难的事情之一。 【答案】①to take ②to do 2. be of + 抽象名词 原文： When to eat is also of great importance.什么时候吃同样很重要。(教材P17) 【句式分析】 be of+抽象名词相当于“be +该抽象名词相对应的形容词。其中 of 表示“具备；具有”， of 不可以省略。例如：be of use/ importance/ significance/ help/ value/ benefit = be useful/ important/ significant/ helpful/ valuable/ beneficial… ，这些抽象名词前常用great, little, some, any, much, no 等来修饰说明其程度。 be of +名词，还可用来说明句子主语在度量，大小，颜色，类别等方面的特征。这类名词有 colour, age, size, height, weight, shape, type，kind等。在这类名词前常用different, all, the same，this, that, a(n) +形容词等词来修饰或说明。 ①Heart of appreciation is of great significance in our lives.  Heart of appreciation is very significant in our lives. 一颗懂得感恩之心是非常重要的。 ②The two girls are of the same age.  这俩女孩年龄相同。 【跟踪典例】 ①The drawing ________________, and it is worthless.  这画没有价值，它没有用 ②The two coats are __________________.  这两件外衣颜色相同。 【答案】 ①is of no value/ is useless ②of the same colour 3.To prevent soft tissue injury，make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 状语从句的省略 (1)句中when exercising是状语从句的省略形式，when后省略了you are。 (2)当when，while，if，unless，once，as if等引导状语从句时，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it且从句的谓语部分含有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。 [单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子] ①While (walk) along the river bank，she was singing a pop song with her classmates. ②Some electronic equipment such as headphones can do harm to our hearing if (use) improperly. ③If it is possible，you should turn to your teacher for help. →If ，you should turn to your teacher for help. ④There is no harm in paying attention to table manners . 与朋友吃饭时注意餐桌礼仪没有坏处。 【答案】1.walking2.used3.If possible4.while eating with friends 课堂练习 I 单词拼写 1. All the equipment in the gym should be checked regularly.  2. Gestures have been used to replace words in many countries.  3. Do you know anything about the revolutionary movement in 1950s? 4. Seeing as Mr. Moreton is a doctor, I assume he is reasonably smart. 5. They will announce the result of the vote tonight. 6. To maintain her weight, she simply chooses fruits and vegetables over fats and sweets. 7. The disease is spread by mosquitoes. 8. The boy's lungs cleared and he began to breathe more easily. 9. The store has an excellent position(位置) in the shopping mall.  10. In your free time, explore(探索) all that this incredible city has to offer. 11. He's a talented athlete(运动员) who competes nationally and internationally.  12. People live longer nowadays(如今), and they are better educated. 13. She was hot and sweat(汗水) dripped into her eyes. 14. The one thing that she accomplished was raising money to update(更新) our facilities. 15. She occupied herself with routine(常规的) office tasks. II 单句语法填空 1. I presented her a flower vase in congratulation on her birthday. 2. You would be making an assumption(assume) that's not based on any fact that you could report. 3. Women tend to live(live) longer than men. 4. He was hardworking and energetic(energy). 5. He suffered a serious injury(injure) that made him to give up work. 6. Please do not hesitate to contact(contact) me if you have any questions. 7. I admit being(be) careless in this exam. 8. She takes her inspiration(inspire) from shells and stones she finds on the seashore. 9. Looking into the mirror, I smiled to myself with satisfaction(satisfy). 10. How can I make up for the way I've treated you? 2.2 Grammar：现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 现在进行时和现在完成时 （一）现在进行时 (1)现在进行时的结构：现在进行时由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成，即：am/ is/ are + doing (2)现在进行时的基本用法： ①表示目前（说话时）正在进行的动作，如： The teacher is giving us an English lesson now. 老师现在正在给我们上英语课。 ②表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作，如： She is teaching English and learning Chinese. 她在教英语并学习汉语。 ③表示近期特定的安排或计划，如： What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期你打算干什么？ ④go, come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时，如： I'm coming. 我要来了。 ⑤与always, often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩，如： She is always worrying him for presents. 她总是缠着他要礼物。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①He is________________________ in his bedroom. 他在他的卧室里读一本有趣的书。 ②He has told fellow students that he___________________________. 他跟同学说，他在写一本小说。 ③You are always _________________________ me.! 你总是捉弄我！ 【答案】 ①reading an interesting book ②is writing a novel ③playing tricks on （二）现在完成时 (1)现在完成时的结构：现在进行时由have/ has + 过去分词构成，即：have/ has done (2)现在完成时的基本用法： ①表示动作在说话时已经完成(可不指出动作发生的确切时间)，但对现在产生某种后果或影响。常与ever, recently, before, so far, up to now, till now, in the past years, these days等时间状语连用。 Have you ever been to the West Lake? 你曾经去过西湖吗？ ②表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去，这时常和“since＋点时间状语(名词、短语、从句)”或“for＋段时间状语”连用。 We have lived here since I was born. 自我出生以来我们一直住在这里。 I have taught in this school for 30 years. 我在这所学校任教了30年。 ③在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。 He will come as soon as he has finished his work. 他一做完工作就会来。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①In 1960 he came to London, in which city he _______________________ever since. 1960年他来到伦敦，自此在该城一直住到现在。 ②I _______________________with absolute certainty there'll be no change of policy. 我十分确定地告诉他们政策不会有变。 ③If I ______________________this book, I will boil coffee for you. 【答案】 ①has lived ②have told them ③have finished reading 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 （一）现在进行时的被动语态 (1)现在进行时被动语态的结构：现在进行时由“am / is / are + being+过去分词”构成，即：am/ is/ are being done (2)现在进行时被动语态的基本用法： ①表示目前（说话时）动作正在被进行，如： The bridge is being built now. 这座桥现在正在被建。 ②表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在被进行的动作，如： These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon. 这些动物正以如此速度被捕杀，它们很快就会消失。 ③与always, often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩，如： Tom is always being praised by the teacher. 汤姆总是被老师表扬。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①Are the babies _______________________by this nurse? 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？ ②Preparations _______________________for the coming examination now. 我们现在正在为即将到来的考试做准备。 ③I feel very shocked that the window of our classroom ________________________. 我感到非常震惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 【答案】 ①being taken care of ②are being made ③is always being broken （二）现在完成时的被动语态 (1)现在完成时的结构：现在进行时由have/ has + been + 过去分词”构成，即：have/ has been done (2)现在完成时被动语态的基本用法： ①表示动作在说话时已经完成(可不指出动作发生的确切时间)，但对现在产生某种后果或影响。常与ever, recently, before, so far, up to now, till now, in the past years, these days等时间状语连用。 He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting. 他已被挑选出来参加运动会。 ②表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去，这时常和“since＋点时间状语(名词、短语、从句)”或“for＋段时间状语”连用。 The construction of the bridge has not been finished. 桥的建设还没有完成。 ③在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。 He will come as soon as his work has been finished. 他一做完工作就会来。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 The difficulties __________________, the work __________________ and the problem ___________________.  困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。 ②Financial problems of the company for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。 【答案】 ①have been overcome; has been finished; has been solved ②have been discussed 练习 I. 单项选择 1. My washing machine ________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand． A. was repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 2. Our city is becoming a modern one． More and more tall buildings ________ in the last five years． A. have been built B. would be built C. had been built D. were built 3. Having a glass of water first thing in the morning helps rid your body of poisonous substances that ________ overnight. A. were stored B. had been stored C. are being stored D. have been stored 4. Social and cultural activities for senior citizens ______ over the past several years． A. conducted B. were conducted C. have conducted D. have been conducted 5. New energy vehiclesharing projects ________ in dozens of cities across the country to fuel China's sharing economy in the next few years. A. are to carry out B. are being carried out C. were carried out D. will have been carried out 6. So far, almost every possible means ________ to provide accommodation and medical rescue for the people in the flood-stricken area. A. were tried B. was tried C. have been tried D. has been tried 7. — Excuse me, what time is it now? — Sorry, my watch ______. It ______ at the shop. A. isn't working; is being repaired B. doesn't work; is being repaired C. isn't working; is repaired D. doesn't work; is repaired 8. —What’s that noise? —Oh, I forget to tell you. The new machine ________. A. is testing B. was being tested C. is being tested D. has been tested 9. —When can we move to the new apartment? —Well, it ________, and hopefully, the job will be done in a couple of weeks. A. is being decorated B. is decorated C. was decorated D. had decorated 10. New energy-sharing projects                in dozens of cities across the country to fuel China's  sharing economy in the next few years. A. are to carry out B. are being carried out C. were carried out D. will have been carried out 11. To lower the housing price, several measures ________ in the last two years. A. have adopted B. were adopted C. have been adopted D. had been adopted 12. When and where to build the new factory __________ yet. A. have not been decided B. has not decided C. has not been decided D. have not decided 13. They hosted a show on Taobao Live to help promote the sales of enterprises in poor district that ________ by natural factors. A. was affected B. had been affected C. have been affected D. will be affected 14. This is one of the most interesting questions that ______ asked. A. have B. has C. have been D. has been 15. I have to stay with a friend for another few weeks, because my room _______. A. is decorating B. is decorated C. has been decorated D. is being decorated 16. Forest as well as other children who _______certain disabilities _______down on at school. A. have; are being looked B. have; are looking C. has; is looking D. have; is being looked . 17. I have to stay with a friend for another few weeks, because my room ________. A. is decorating B. is decorated C. has been decorated D. is being decorated 18. The temple which ______ will be open to tourists soon. The repairs are almost finished. A. has been restored B. was restored C. is being restored D. will be restored 19. —The machine is working again! —Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it ______.    A. has been fixed B. is being fixed C. had been fixed D. would be fixed 20. Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution, but sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. have used D. has been used Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. Large amounts of equipment ________ (sell) at a discount now. 2. Large quantities of water ____________ (pollute) already, which makes the river around the village smell terrible. 3. The school library____________ (decorate) this week, so we can’t borrow books or do some reading there. 4. Preserving the Ming and Qing Tombs ____________ (give) serious attention in recent decades. 5. Many a way ____________ (use) to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 6. Many new things ____________ (invent) in the last ten years. 7. To our relief, up to now the injured in crash ____________ (carry) to the nearby hospital. 8. The boy is so curious that he wants to know what____________ (discuss) now in the secret room. 9. Today the public is much concerned about the way nature is being ____________ (ruin). 10. Facing the economic depression, every possible means ____________ (try) this year to save the company from going bankrupt. Ⅲ.. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。  Environment means all the 1.____________ (nature) surroundings such as land, air, water, plants, and other things. Healthy environment not only keeps the nature's balance but 2.____________ (help) in growing and developing all the living things on the earth. Besides, a man-made environment also exists, 3.____________  deals with the technology, transportation, housing, urbanization, etc. However, nowadays, some man-made technological advancements are spoiling the environment in many ways, finally 4.____________ (disturb) the balance of nature. We are keeping our lives as well as the 5.____________ (exist) of life in the future on this planet in danger.  1.___________ we do in a wrong way out of the discipline of nature is to disturb the whole environment. Due to some bad and selfish activities of the human beings, our environment is getting 7.____________  (affect). Man-made environment affects our nature 8.____________  such a great degree that we all must be together to save it. The components of nature are made use of by the human beings 9.____________ (basic) to fulfill some physical needs. We should not challenge the 10.____________  (resource) any longer and should value them and use them by staying under the appropriate discipline. We all must take efforts to protect our environment to keep it safe as usual forever. I. 单项选择 1.【答案】C 【解析】本题考查现在进行时的被动语态。分析主语washing machine 与谓语动词repair的关系，可知主语不能发出谓语动词的动作，只能成为动作的承受者，应使用被动语态。再结合后半句表明：so I have to wash my clothes by hand衣服不得不手洗，说明洗衣服现在正在修理中。现在进行时可以表示一段时间内进行的动作，正符合句意。再结合被动语态的使用，故该句使用现在进行时被动语态谓语，即“am/is/are being done”，故选C。 2.【答案】A 【解析】本题考察动词的时态和语态．根据时间状语in the last five years可知应该使用现在完成时，而tall buildings和build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以使用被动语态． 故选：A． 我们的城市正在成为一个现代化的城市．在过去的五年里越来越多的高楼已经建成． 考查现在完成时的被动语态的用法，分析时间状语成分，判断动词的相关形式是关键 3.【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：早晨第一件事喝一杯水帮助你排除身体里面储存了整晚的毒素。因为毒素是从昨晚一直到现在一直被储存，所以用现在完成时的被动，选 D。 4.【答案】D 【解析】句意：在过去几年里，开展了针对老年人的社会和文化活动。activities因该是被开展，且结合时间状语over the past several years，可知应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。 5.【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：新能源汽车项目正在全国数十个城市开展，为中国未来几年的共享经济提供了动力。由to fuel China's sharing economy in the next few years可知，开展新能源汽车项目是现在正在发生的事情，而且New energy vehicle sharing projects 和carry out是被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动语态，故选B。 6.【答案】D 【解析】句意：到目前为止，为了给洪灾地区的人们提供住宿和医疗救助，几乎每一种可能的办法都已经尝试了。由so far可知，应用现在完成时态，排除A、B两项；再由主语every possible means可知，谓语应用第三人称单数，再排除C项，故选D。 7.【答案】B 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：——对不起，现在几点了？——对不起，我的表坏了。正在商店里修理。第一空表示我的表现在不工作，用一般现在时表示现在处于的状态，排除AC选项；第二空表示现在正在被修理，用现在进行时的被动语态，排除D选项。故选B。 8.【答案】C 【解析】句意：——那是什么噪音？——哦，我忘记告诉你了。新的机器正在被检测呢。根据该句空格前面的主语The new machine可以判知，空格处应该使用被动语态。然后根据上文可以判知，该机器的检测应该是正在进行中，所以本题应该使用现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 9.【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我们什么时候能搬到新公寓。——它正在装修，希望这项工作能在几周内完成。it指代the new apartment，和构成被动decorate，不能搬的原因是新公寓正在装修，表示被动动作正在进行，所以应用现在进行时态的被动语态，故选A。 10.【答案】B 【解析】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：新能源汽车共享项目正在全国几十个城市开展，用来推动中国未来几年的共享经济。谓语动词carry out与主语projects是被动关系，根据语境可知，新能源汽车共享项目现在正在展开，综上所述，此处要用现在进行时的被动语态，构成形式是：am/is/are+being+过去分词。此处New energy-sharing projects是复数名词做主语，谓语也该用复数。可知B正确。A.are to carry out表将来；C.were carried out表过去；D.will have been carried out表示将来完成时的被动语态。故选B。 11.【答案】C 【解析】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：为降低房价，过去两年采取了几项措施。根据in the last two years可知，此处用现在完成，又several measures与adopt之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，因several measures作主语，故用have。故选C。 12.【答案】C 【解析】考查时态，语态及主谓一致。句意：何时何地建新工厂尚未决定。when and where +to do这个结构，意为“什么时间什么地点去做……”，我们常将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，When and where to build the new factory和decide之间的关系是被动关系，故用被动语态；根据yet以及句意，可知何时何地建新工厂尚未决定，时态应用现在完成时，故该空应是现在完成时的被动语态，且助动词应用has，故C项正确，故选C。 13.【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们在淘宝直播上主持了一个节目，帮助促进贫困地区受自然因素影响的企业的销售。结合句意和语境可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，由空后by natural factors可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态的被动语态：have/has been done，表示被影响，定语从句的先行词the sales of enterprises是复数概念，所以此处助动词需用have。故选C。 14.【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态及主谓一致。句意：这是被问的最有趣的问题之一。that引导定语从句，定语从句中谓语和先行词the most interesting questions一致，所以定语从句中用复数的谓语，the most interesting questions和ask是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选C。 15.【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：我不得不和一个朋友再呆几个星期，因为我的房间正在装修。decorate“装修，装饰”与room之间是动宾关系，本句用被动结构，排除主动语态的A项；因为房间正在装修，应用进行时态，排除B项一般现在时的被动结构和C项现在完成时的被动语态；D项是现在进行时的被动结构，符合逻辑，故选D。 16.【答案】D 【解析】考查主谓一致和现在进行时的被动语态。句意：森林和其他有某种残疾的孩子一样，在学校里被人瞧不起。children是先行词，who引导定语从句，第一空谓语动词和先行词保持一致，用复数，即have；第二空是主句的谓语动词，主语部分由as well as连接时，遵循就远原则，谓语动词和Forest保持一致，用单数形式，结合句意可知，Forest和look down on之间是被动关系，第二空只能用is being looked。故选D。 17.【答案】D 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：我必须和一个朋友再待几个星期，因为我的房间正在被装修。由于my room和decorate之间是被动关系，要用被动语态；结合句意，可知“我的房间正在被装修”，要用现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being done，由于主语my room是单数，要用is，故选D。 18.【答案】C 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这座正在修复的寺庙不久将向游客开放。修理工作快完成了。根据The repairs are almost finished.可知，此处用现在进行时，因the temple与restore之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态，其构成是am/is/are+being done形式，因the temple作主语，故用is。故选C。 19.【答案】A 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：——机器又开始工作了！——是的，它昨天坏了，但已经修好了。A.现在完成时的被动语态；B.现在进行时的被动语态；C.过去完成时的被动语态；D.过去将来时的被动语态。根据句意，此句是现在完成时，且it（指the machine）和fix是动宾关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语it是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选A。 20.【答案】D 【解析】句意：每一种可能的方法都被用来防止空气污染，但天空仍然不明朗。根据句意可知，这里用现在完成时，且和主语的关系是被动的，用它的被动语态，故选D。 II. 单句语法 1.【答案】are being sold 【解析】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。根据now可知，句子使用现在进行时，主语Large amounts of equipment表示复数概念，be动词要用are，又因为equipment和动词sell之间是动宾关系，此处使用现在进行时的被动语态。故填are being sold。 2.【答案】have been polluted 【解析】考查现在完成时态的被动语态。句意：大量的水已经被污染了，这使得村庄周围的河流闻起来很难闻。根据already和which makes the river around the village smell terrible.可知句子用现在完成时态，主语与pollute是动宾关系，要用被动语态，故句子是现在完成时态的被动语态；主语是复数Large quantities，故用have+pollute的过去分词。故填have been polluted。 3.【答案】is being decorated 【解析】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：学校图书馆这个星期在装修，所以我们不能在那里借书或读书。分析句子结构可知，句子主语“library”与所给动词“decorate”之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，并且“装修”是正在进行的动作，时态是现在进行时，现在进行时的被动语态由“be动词+being+动词过去分词”构成。因为主语是名词单数形式，be动词用is。故填is being decorated。 4.【答案】has been given 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：近几十年来，明清墓葬的保护受到了人们的高度重视。由时间状语  in recent decades可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态，分析可知，表示被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done，动名词作主语，谓语动词需用单数。故填has been given。 5.【答案】has been used 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：很多方法被用来防止污染，但天空依然不干净。根据空后but the sky is still not clear是过去做的事情对现在造成的影响，可知设空出应用现在完成时；主语Many a way和use之间的关系是被动关系，故应用被动语态；Many a way作主语，谓语动词应用单数，故填has been used。 6.【答案】have been invented 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。in the last ten years提示用现在完成时，Many new things和invent存在动宾关系，故需要用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数形式，故填have been invented。 7.【答案】have been carried 【解析】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：令我们感到欣慰的是，到目前为止，坠机伤者已被送往附近的医院。根据up to now可知应该用现在完成时，主语the injured和动词carry之间是动宾关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，其构成为have/has+been+过去分词，主语the injured是集体名词，所以助动词用have。故填have been carried。 8.【答案】is being discussed 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。what与discuss之间为动宾关系，根据now可知，要用现在进行时的被动语态：be being done。故填is being discussed。 9.【答案】ruined 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在公众对自然被毁坏的方式越来越关心。分析句子结构可知，nature与ruin之间是动宾关系，用现在进行时的被动语态。已有is being，设空处需填过去分词，故填ruined。 10.【答案】has been tried 【解析】根据句意"面对经济大萧条，今年已经尝试了每种可能的方法来挽救公司以避免破产"可知，横线处需使用现在完成时，且语态为被动语态（"方法"与"尝试"之间为被动关系）。但是需要注意的是means单复数同形，在本题中因为前面有every"每一"一词，故此处句子的主语为单数形式。故填has been tried。 III. 语法填空 1. 考查形容词。分析句子可知，名词surroundings需要用形容词来修饰。故填natural。 2. 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空格处是句子的谓语部分，not only…but (also)连接两个并列的谓语动词，根据keeps可知，应用一般现在时，主语Healthy environment是单数，故填helps。 3. 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a man-made environment，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 4. 考查现在分词。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语are spoiling，且无连词，空格处要用非谓语形式，主语some man-made technological advancements和动词disturb是主谓关系，应用现在分词（doing）表主动，作状语。故填disturbing。 5. 考查名词。as well as（也）连接两个一样的语法结构，空格处应用名词形式，名词existence“存在”，不可数，短语existence of life，和our lives一样，作动词keep的宾语。故填existence。 6. 考查名词性从句。句意：我们违背自然规律所做的事（一切），就是扰乱整个环境。分析句子可知，空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少do的宾语，根据句意，使用what指“所做的事”，或者使用whatever指“所做的任何事”，句首单词大写首字母，故填Whatever/What。 7. 考查过去分词。句意：由于人类的一些恶劣和自私的行为，我们的环境正在受到/被影响。分析句子可知，主语environment和动词affect是动宾关系，句子应该使用被动语态，根据is getting可知，这里使用get done 结构，表达“（主语）被……”。故填affected。 8. 考查固定搭配和介词。固定搭配to a degree，意为“在某种程度上”。故填to。 9. 考查副词。该空应用副词作状语修饰to fulfill。故填basically。 10. 考查名词复数。此处指各种自然资源，应使用复数形式，故填resources。 巩固练习 I. 单词拼写 1. She flashed him a false smile of  (祝贺). 2. There is a tendency for this  (疾病) to run in families. 3. Industrialized countries must r__________ carbon dioxide emissions.  4. The fault was discovered during a r__________ check. 5. He was about to s___________ out his hand to grab me.  6. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, r__________ from butterflies to elephants. 7.I t's a waste of time and __________ (精力). 8. I was convinced that he was brighter than a__________average. 9. T__________ history the sea has served the needs of man 10. (汗水) pours down my face and into my eyes. 11. We are taking steps to  (阻止) pollution. 12. All the   (设备) should be cleaned down regularly. 13. Few people nowadays are able to  (维持)friendships into adulthood. Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. Some television programmes tend ___________ patronize children. 2. I have also seen the overall size be reduced ___________ about 60%. 3. Courses range from cooking ___________ computing. 4. He knew I was ____________(energy) and dynamic and would get things done. 5. You always know players can get ____________(injury) but you do not expect this kind of thing. 6. We hope to prevent anything unpleasant from ___________(happen). 7. We should equip our child ____________ a good education. 8. He admitted a lack ____________ motivation and a feeling of sloth. 9. The first thing ____________(do) is to plan out what it is you are trying to do. 10. The new regulations will be of ____________(benefit) to everyone concerned.  Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. congratulation 2. disease 3. reduce 4. routine 5. stretch 6. ranging 7. energy 8. average 9. Throughout 10. Sweat 11. prevent 12. equipment 13. maintain  Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. to 2. by 3. to 4. energetic 5. injured 6. happening 7. with 8. of 9. to do 10. benefit I. 阅读理解 A The theatre in Shakespeare’s time was much different than it is today.Authors wrote plays for the masses，especially those who couldn’t read or write. The theatre changed a lot during Shakespeare’s lifetime.The authorities didn’t like it and didn’t allow acting in the city itself：They thought it had a bad influence on people and kept them from going to church.Queen Elizabeth，on the other hand，loved acting and helped the theatre become popular. The theatre in Shakespeare’s time was full of life.People did not sit all the time and it was not quiet during the performance.The audience could walk around，eat and drink during the play. Theaters were open arenas or playhouses that had room for up to three thousand people.There was almost no scenery because the dialogue was the most important part of the play.Colourful and well­designed costumes were very important and told the people about the status of a character.Women never performed in plays,80 young boys played female characters.The performances took place in the afternoon because it was too dark at night. There was no stage crew as there is today.Actors had to do everything themselves—from making costumes to setting the stage.Plays were organized by acting companies.They performed about 6 different plays each week because they needed money to survive.They had almost no time to rehearse(排练)． The companies in Shakespeare’s time had a rank system.The company belonged to shareholders and managers.They were responsible for everything and got most of the money when the company was successful.Sometimes they even owned their own buildings.Actors worked for the managers and after some time became a permanent member of the company.Apprentices(学徒) were young boys and were allowed to act in unimportant roles.They also played female characters in plays. 21．Why was the theatre banned by the authorities? A．It was much different than before. B．They thought it affected people negatively. C．They thought it kept people going to church. D．The queen didn’t like it. 22．What does the underlined word “arenas” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Stages. B．Stores. C．Companies. D．Playgrounds. 23．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To remember Shakespeare. B．To show his love of Shakespeare’s plays. C．To introduce theaters in Shakespeare’s time. D．To discuss the company’s rank system. 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 【语篇解读】本文属于说明文，主要介绍了莎士比亚时代的戏剧表演的情况以及当时演员的状况。 21．B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The authorities didn’t like it and didn’t allow acting in the city itself：They thought it had a bad influence on people and kept them from going to church.”可知选B。 22．A词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Theaters were open arenas or playhouses that had room for up to three thousand people.”可知，arenas与playhouses 是同义词，playhouses是一个可以容纳多达3 000名观众看戏剧表演的地方，因而arenas是开阔的舞台，故选A。 23．C写作意图题。根据文章可知，本文旨在介绍莎士比亚时代的戏剧表演情况以及当时演员状况，故选C。 B Lawrence Ferlinghetti, the poet, publisher, painter, social activist and bookstore owner, has been San Francisco's honored poet. He turns 100 this month, and the city is making preparations to celebrate him in style. Readings and performances and an open house will take place at City Lights, the sacred bookstore he co­founded in 1953. On March 24, 1919, Lawrence Ferlinghetti was born in Yonkers, New York. After spending his early childhood in France, he received his BA from the University of North Carolina, an MA from Columbia University, and a PhD from the Sorbonne. He is the author of more than thirty books of poetry, including Poetry as Insurgent Art and A Coney Island of the Mind. He has translated the works of a number of poets, including Nicanor Parra, Jacques Prevert, and Pier Paolo Pasolini. In addition to poetry, he is also the author of more than eight plays and three novels, including Little Boy: A Novel, Love in the Days of Rage and Her. In 1953, Ferlinghetti and Peter Martin opened the City Lights bookstore in San Francisco, California. It became a nerve center for the Beats and other writers. Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and other writers from that era were Easterners who dropped into San Francisco for a spell. In 2001 it was made an official historic landmark. Now City Lights is almost certainly the best bookstore in the United States. It's filled with serious world literature of all kinds. If City Lights is a San Francisco institution, Ferlinghetti himself is as much of one. He has loomed over the city's literary life. As a poet, he's never been a critical favorite. But his flexible and plain­spoken and often powerful work—he has published more than 50 volumes — has found a wide audience. His collection A Coney Island of the Mind has sold more than 1 million copies, making it one of the best­selling American poetry books ever published. 24．What can we learn about Ferlinghetti from paragraph 2? A. He had a happy childhood. B. He received normal education. C. He had a gift for writing novels. D. He had written lots of poetry. 25．Which of the following best describes Ferlinghetti according to paragraph 3? A. Flexible. B. Optimistic. C. Outspoken. D. Productive. 26．Why is City Lights famous? A. Because it is a nerve center for the youth. B. Because its collections have a long history. C. Because it is an official historic landmark. D. Because it has many modern world literature. 27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A. To speak highly of a great poet. B. To introduce some English poetry. C. To promote values of City Lights. D. To celebrate the birthday of Ferlinghetti. 【答案】24.B 25. D 26.C 27.A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了Lawrence Ferlinghetti，并对他的成就进行了赞扬。 24．B　推理判断题。根据第二段After spending his early childhood in France, he received his BA from the University of North Carolina, an MA from Columbia University, and a PhD from the Sorbonne.可知，在法国度过童年后，他获得了北卡罗莱纳大学学士学位、哥伦比亚大学硕士学位和索邦大学博士学位。由此推断出，Ferlinghetti接受了正规的教育。故选B项。 25．D　推理判断题。根据第三段He is the author of more than thirty books of poetry, including Poetry as Insurgent Art and A Coney Island of the Mind. …In addition to poetry, he is also the author of more than eight plays and three novels, including Little Boy: A Novel, Love in the Days of Rage and Her.可知，本段介绍了Ferlinghetti的文学成就，并由此推断出，Ferlinghetti是一个多产作家。故选D项。 26．C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段In 2001 it was made an official historic landmark.可知，City Lights之所以很出名，是因为它是官方的历史地标。故选C项。 27．A　写作意图题。根据第一段Lawrence Ferlinghetti, the poet, publisher, painter, social activist and bookstore owner, has been San Francisco's honored poet.并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了Lawrence Ferlinghetti，并对他的成就进行了赞扬。故选A项。 七选五 Earthquakes strike without warning and are among the most destructive natural disasters. Keeping calm and proper reaction can sometimes save your life. To ride out an earthquake, remember the phrase “drop, cover, and hold on.” __36__． 1. Move away from buildings, street lights, power lines, and bridges. __37__. As soon as the ground begins shaking, try to get as far away as possible from any nearby structures. Do not seek shelter under a bridge or overpass. 2. Crouch down low in a wide open area until the shaking stops. Once you've made your way away from nearby structures, get on your hands and knees and cover your head. See if there are any objects nearby to use as a shield(遮蔽物), such as a trash can lid. __38__． 3. __39__． As you go out after the earthquake, be careful of broken glass, rubble, downed power lines, fallen trees, and any other potential danger. Check yourself and anyone nearby for injuries. If necessary, perform first aid and call emergency services. 4. Get to higher ground if you're on the shore or near a dam. Earthquakes can cause tsunamis, so put distance between yourself and the coast. If a shaking lasts more than 20 seconds, __40__. Get to ground that's at least 100 ft (30 m) above sea level or 2 miles (3.2 km) from the shore. A. drop to your hands and knees under a table or desk B. Watch out for danger as you observe your surroundings C. If possible, grab a pillow, sofa cushion, or another object to cover your face and head D. Here are four tips helping you survive an earthquake if you are outdoors E. don't wait for an alarm or warning to escape F. The most dangerous locations during an earthquake are areas immediately around buildings G. If none are available, cover your head and neck with your hands and arms 【语篇解读】文章介绍了几种在户外时，遇到地震了的逃生方式。 36. D　前文提到“为了安然渡过地震，记住这句话：蹲下，找遮蔽物，坚持住。”承接前文，D选项“如果你在户外，这里有四个帮助你渡过地震的小贴士”切题。且与下文给的四个建议呼应，故选D。 37. F　前文提到“远离建筑物、路灯、电线和桥梁。”承接前文，F选项“地震中最危险的位置是建筑物附近的区域”切题。故选F。 38. G　前文提到“看看附近有没有什么东西可以作为盾牌，比如垃圾桶盖。”承接前文，G选项“如果没有，用你的手和胳膊盖住你的头和脖子。”切题。故选G。 39. B　下文提到“地震后外出时，小心碎玻璃、碎石、倒下的电线、倒下的树和其他潜在的危险。”承接下文，B选项“当你观察周围环境时，要小心危险。”切题。故选B。 40. E　前文提到“如果摇晃持续超过20秒，”承接前文，E选项“不要等到警报或警告才逃跑。”切题。且呼应下文“到达海拔至少100英尺(30米)或2英里(32公里)的地面。”，故选E。 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon．The unmanned Changˈe-4 probe（探测器）— the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess —（1）______（touch）down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin．Landing on the moonˈs far side is （2）______ extreme）challenging．Because the moonˈs body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot （3）______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth．The far side of the moon is of particular （4）______ （interesting）to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters（环形山），more so （5）______ the familiar near side．Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Changˈe-4 （6）______and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin．"This really excites scientists，" Carle Pieters， a scientist at Brown University，says，"because it （7）______（mean）we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon （8）______（construct）．" Data about the moonˈs composition，such as how （9）______ ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether （10）______（it）plans for a future lunar（月球的）base are practical． 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主题是探索太空。主要内容是：中国发射的嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球背面，且是世界首个完成此举的国家，（问：为什么是背面，而不是正面，请仔细看原文解释），旨在激发学生的爱国热情。 【61题详解】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。 touch down 着地 【62题详解】考查副词。句意：登月的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，修饰形容词，故填extremely。 【63题详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 【64题详解】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。 【65题详解】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。 【66题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。 【67题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。 【68题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。 【69题详解】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。 【70题详解】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$