热点话题13 环境保护与绿色发展（话题阅读精练）英语高一通用版

热点话题13 环境保护与绿色发展 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 人教版必修第二册 Unit 2 Wildlife Protection 外研版必修第一册 Unit 6 At one with nature 外研版必修第二册 Unit 6 Earth first 译林版必修第三册 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 介绍纽约曼哈顿的Eleven Madison摩天大厦采用夜间制冰、白天用冰制冷的创新系统，以应对夏季高温并节约能源。 Passage 2 阅读理解 讲述了塑料垃圾的危害以及为解决这一问题所做的努力。 Passage 3 阅读理解 尽管AI的电力消耗引发环境担忧，但其实际能耗被高估，且AI能通过优化系统和数据分析助力减排；政策制定者需平衡其气候影响与环保效益。 Passage 4 阅读理解 讲述了加拿大野火对美国空气质量及经济的影响。 Passage 5 阅读理解 绍了哥本哈根正在尝试不同的方法，将旅游业从负面力量转变为积极力量。 Passage 6 阅读理解 报告显示，人们认为正在被回收的塑料只有一小部分得到了回收，剩下的被运到垃圾填埋场，对此不同组织做出了不同的努力。 主题简析素材积累 本阅读理解专题的主题语境为 “环境保护与绿色发展”，该主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “人与自然” 的子话题。此主题聚焦于人类如何通过各种行动保护自然环境、实现经济与环境协调发展，涉及生态系统保护、资源可持续利用、污染防治等内容。它引导学生思考人类活动对地球的影响，培养学生环保意识和社会责任感，使其能在日常生活中践行绿色理念，为地球可持续发展贡献力量，在英语学习中提升相关语言表达与阅读理解能力，更好地与国际接轨，参与全球环保交流与合作。 句子积累 表达重要性： It is of great importance to protect the environment.（保护环境至关重要。） Environmental protection plays a crucial role in our daily life.（环境保护在我们日常生活中起着关键作用。） Sustainable development is essential for the future of our planet.（可持续发展对我们地球的未来至关重要。） 提出措施： We should take measures to reduce pollution, such as using public transportation instead of private cars.（我们应该采取措施减少污染，比如使用公共交通而不是私家车。） To achieve green development, we can start by recycling waste in our daily lives.（为了实现绿色发展，我们可以从日常生活中回收废弃物做起。） It is necessary for us to save resources, like turning off the lights when leaving the room.（对我们来说节约资源是必要的，比如离开房间时关灯。） 描述现状： Nowadays, environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious.（如今，环境污染正变得越来越严重。） With the development of industry, natural resources are being consumed at an alarming rate.（随着工业的发展，自然资源正以惊人的速度被消耗。） Many species are in danger of extinction due to the destruction of their habitats.（由于栖息地遭到破坏，许多物种面临灭绝的危险。） 表达期望： I hope that everyone can contribute to environmental protection.（我希望每个人都能为环境保护做出贡献。） Let's work together to build a more sustainable future.（让我们共同努力建设一个更可持续的未来。） We expect that the government will introduce more policies to promote green development.（我们期望政府将出台更多政策来促进绿色发展。） 必备词块 环境保护类： environmental protection（环境保护） protect the environment（保护环境） environmental conservation（环境养护） ecological protection（生态保护） 污染相关类： environmental pollution（环境污染） air pollution（空气污染） water pollution（水污染） noise pollution（噪音污染） reduce pollution（减少污染） 资源类： natural resources（自然资源） renewable resources（可再生资源），如 solar energy（太阳能）、wind energy（风能）、water energy（水能） non - renewable resources（不可再生资源），如 fossil fuels（化石燃料），包括 coal（煤炭）、oil（石油）、natural gas（天然气） save resources（节约资源） resource conservation（资源保护） 绿色发展行动类： sustainable development（可持续发展） green lifestyle（绿色生活方式） low - carbon life（低碳生活） recycle waste（回收废弃物） reduce waste（减少废弃物） reuse materials（重复使用材料） plant trees（植树） go green（走向绿色环保） promote green development（促进绿色发展） 生态系统类： ecosystem（生态系统） ecological balance（生态平衡） biodiversity（生物多样性） protect biodiversity（保护生物多样性） 实战演练 Passage 1 How do you beat the summer heat? If you’ re like most people, you turn the air conditioning on when it’s the hottest time of the day. But what if you could use nonpeak (非高峰的) electrical hours and store the cold to use the next day? This idea has become a reality for a New York City high-rise that’s being cooled by ice. Eleven Madison, a skyscraper in the heart of Manhattan, is using cool, frozen ice overnight to cool the building, reported CBS News. Four stories below ground, an ice battery system freezes water during the night, when electrical use is low, and uses this ice to cool the building during the day. “There’s about 500,000 pounds of ice created every night,” said Holly Paeper, president of Trane Technologies, a company that did the installation (装置) . Air conditioning uses nearly 20% of energy use in homes and businesses globally. However, on extremely hot days, that number can jump to 70%. Installations like the one in Eleven Madison help to lower that. According to Paeper, the company has installed the technology in about 4,000 sites worldwide. The system in the basement of Eleven Madison uses 100 tanks that are each the size of a parking spot. Because there’s a lot of energy consumed in freezing water, a more effective way had to be found. “We take water, and add some other elements in it,” explained Dr. Patrick Shamberger, an associate professor at Texas A&M. “So we can take control of that temperature basically anywhere we want it, in the zero to 20℃ range.” While ice batteries aren’t being used to cool food or to power electrical devices, they’re being used to cool buildings. For now, combining ice batteries with other types of energy storage from renewables can help the power grid (电网) to keep up in hot weather as well as lower the cost of electricity. It’s a win-win for all. 1．What does the author want to stress in paragraph 3? A．The necessity of ice batteries. B．The popularity of the technology. C．The features of the high-rise. D．The significance of air conditioning. 2．Why were some elements added in the water? A．To make the water cleaner. B．To use the energy fully. C．To control the temperature. D．To add space occupation. 3．What can be inferred about ice batteries according to the text? A．They are cheap to install. B．They are energy-saving. C．They are extremely harmful. D．They are used to cool food. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Process of Ice Battery Production B．Power-hungry Air Conditioning C．Advantages of Storing Electricity D．A Creative System for Cooling Passage 2 In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards eco-friendly living. One of the key aspects of this is reducing our plastic waste. Plastic has become an integral part of our daily lives, but its long-term environmental impact is a cause for concern.​ Plastic waste takes hundreds of years to decompose. When it ends up in landfills, it can contaminate the soil and water. Moreover, a large amount of plastic waste finds its way into the oceans, posing a serious threat to marine life. Many sea animals mistake plastic for food and ingest it, which can lead to their death.​ To address this issue, many individuals and communities are taking action. Some people have started using reusable bags, bottles, and containers instead of single-use plastic ones. Communities are also implementing plastic-bag bans and promoting recycling programs.​ There are also innovative solutions emerging. For example, some companies are developing biodegradable plastics that break down much faster than traditional plastics. Scientists are also researching ways to convert plastic waste into useful products, such as fuel.​ However, the fight against plastic waste is not an easy one. It requires a collective effort from individuals, businesses, and governments. We all need to be more aware of the problem and make conscious choices in our daily lives to reduce our plastic consumption.​ 1．Why is plastic waste a problem?​ A．It is expensive to produce.​ B．It is difficult to recycle.​ C．It takes a long time to decompose.​ D．It is not widely used.​ 2．What are some individuals doing to reduce plastic waste?​ A．Using more single-use plastic products.​ B．Avoiding reusable bags.​ C．Implementing plastic-bag bans.​ D．Using reusable items.​ 3．What does the underlined word “biodegradable” in paragraph 4 mean?​ A．Able to be recycled.​ B．Able to break down naturally.​ C．Made from natural materials.​ D．Environmentally friendly.​ 4．What is the main idea of the passage?​ A．The importance of using plastic products.​ B．The solutions to plastic waste problem.​ C．The harm of plastic waste and the efforts to solve it.​ D．The development of biodegradable plastics.​ Passage 3 Even if you don’t worry that artificial intelligence (AI) will destroy the human race, you might concern that its fearsome appetite for electricity will destroy the environment. Asking ChatGPT a question means using ten times more energy than an old-fashioned search inquiry. Google’s greenhouse-gas emissions (排放) rose by nearly half between 2019 and 2023, as the AI boom took off; Microsoft’s have been up by almost 30% since 2020. With huge investments in new data centres planned, more rises seem to happen. But the spread of such pessimistic sentiments (悲观情绪) is inappropriate. In absolute terms, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume. Better still, AI can help remove carbon from the industries that have proved hardest to clean up. Consider AI’s appetite for energy first. The International Energy Agency (IEA) thinks that electricity consumption by data centres could as much as triple (三倍) in the next five years. Even if energy usage soars, though, the base is still low. Data centres today account for about 1.5% of the world’s electricity consumption — and the vast majority of that is due to streaming, social media and online shopping, not AI. Moreover, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. As we explain in this week’s Science & Technology section, AI excels at identifying complex patterns, processing giant data sets and upgrading systems, all of which can help reduce emissions. AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical networks, cut fuel use in shipping and spot otherwise invisible leaks of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. The task for policymakers and industry bosses is to maximize such benefits while minimizing the climate impacts. The most elegant solution would be for governments to impose a proper price on carbon and leave the market to do its work. 1．What is the author’s main argument regarding AI’s energy consumption? A．Governments must immediately stop AI development. B．AI will cause environmental disaster to the human race. C．Current concerns about AI’s energy impact are overstated. D．Streaming services and social media pose greater threats than AI. 2．What does the underlined word “soars” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Increase s quickly. B．Looks normal. C．Falls sharply. D．Comes easily. 3．How does AI help to reduce emissions? A．By shutting down high- pollution factories. B．By developing new carbon capture technologies. C．By completely replacing traditional energy sources. D．By conducting AI-powered data and system operations. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Data Centre: Powering the Future B．Google and Microsoft’s Carbon Crisis C．AI: Energy Consumer or Climate Rescuer D．AI: Environmental Threat or Economic Booster Passage 4 Canadian wildfires have been making headlines around the world recently, mainly because of their far-reaching impact on the air quality in the United States. The ongoing wildfires in Canada have created a situation where large amounts of smoke are drifting southwards, covering significant parts of the U.S.​ These wildfires are not an ordinary occurrence. The number of fires this year is unusually high, and they are burning over a vast expanse of land. The combination of strong winds and dry vegetation has contributed to the rapid spread of these fires. As a result, the smoke generated has traveled long distances. In the United States, states along the East Coast, including New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, have witnessed a sharp decline in air quality. The sky has turned hazy, and the smell of burning is pervasive.​ The consequences of this smoke-filled air are multi-fold. Firstly, it poses a serious threat to public health. People are experiencing breathing difficulties, sore throats, and eye irritations. Medical facilities in affected areas are seeing an increase in patients with respiratory problems. Secondly, the economic impact is also significant. Outdoor-related businesses, such as tourism, agriculture, and construction, have been affected. For example, many tourist attractions have had to close due to the poor air quality, leading to a loss of revenue. In addition, flights have been delayed or canceled at major airports, disrupting travel plans for thousands of people.​ 1．What is the main reason for the spread of Canadian wildfires?​ A．Weak winds that fail to disperse the fire.​ B．Wet vegetation that catches fire easily.​ C．The large number of tourists in forest areas.​ D．The combination of strong winds and dry vegetation.​ 2．Which U.S. states along the East Coast have been affected by the smoke?​ A．California, Oregon, and Washington.​ B．Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi.​ C．New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut.​ D．Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina.​ 3．What are the consequences of the smoke-filled air?​ A．It only affects the health of animals in the area.​ B．It has a negative impact on public health and the economy.​ C．It leads to an increase in outdoor-related businesses.​ D．It improves the air quality in some remote areas.​ 4．What can be inferred from the passage?​ A．Canadian wildfires will have no long-term impact on the U.S.​ B．The air quality in the affected U.S. areas will improve immediately.​ C．The economic losses caused by the wildfires are negligible.​ D．More measures need to be taken to deal with the impact of the wildfires.​ Passage 5 This summer, Europe’s most popular attractions are fighting back against overtourism (过度旅游). As many destinations move to restrict, fine and protest tourists for bad behavior, Copenhagen is trying a different approach to turning tourism from a negative force to a positive one. Tourism officials in Copenhagen introduced CopenPay, a new pilot project that will provide various gifts and benefits to travelers who engage in climate-friendly behaviors, such as taking public transport or volunteering in clean-up efforts. These include free coffee and free museum tours. Green actions have become a currency for enjoying Copenhagen’s free food and cultural experiences. Mikkel Aarø-Hansen, CEO of Wonderful Copenhagen, says the initiative is not meant to increase tourism but merely promotes a better way to go about it. It aims to help transform tourism from “an environmental burden” into a “force for positive change.” He adds, “An important step in this transformation is to change how we move around on the destination, what we consume, and how we interact with the locals.” According to a 2023 sustainable report from a London-based market research group, 81% of consumers say they want to act more sustainably, but only 22% have changed their behavior. Mikkel views CopenPay as an experimental step to bridge the gap between the desire to act sustainably and actual behavior. “We hope that by showing the success of this and other initiatives, other cities around the globe will be inspired to find their way to encourage more sustainable tourism behavior, ultimately leading to a more sustainable future for everyone.” Will Copenhagen’s strategy work? Only time will tell. Still, Randy Durband, chief executive of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council, believes it “deserves some credit for not shaking a fist at bad behavior but trying to make it fun and have some rewards and benefits.” 1．How does Copenhagen cope with overtourism? A．By rewarding tourists for their green actions. B．By providing free public transport for tourists. C．By charging a heavy fine for tourists’ bad behavior. D．By limiting the number of tourists in popular attractions. 2．What is CopenPay intended for? A．Improving the city’s image. B．Promoting sustainable tourism. C．Increasing income from tourism. D．Enriching tourists’ travel experiences. 3．What can be inferred about CopenPay from Mikkel Aarø-Hansen? A．It only works for a small number of tourists. B．It pushes the development of global tourism. C．It is expected to spread green tourism initiatives. D．It has inspired many cities to follow its example. 4．What is Randy Durband’s attitude towards CopenPay? A．Disapproving. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Positive. Passage 6 A report from Greenpeace USA shows only a small amount of the plastic we think we’re recycling is actually getting recycled. The rest of it is transported to landfills(废弃物填埋场). “It was surprising, even to us,” says John Hocevar, Greenpeace USA’s Oceans Campaign Director. “There are billions of us going through trillions and trillions of throwaway plastic items a year. Almost none of that is recycled.” According to the report, only 8.4% of the total post-consumer plastic waste created in the USA is recycled. That’s out of nearly 35 million tons of materials. Ian Monahan from I Love a Clean San Diego says they’ve been working for years to educate people around the county about what should and should not be put in the blue recycling bins(回收箱). The county has a website, waste freesd.org, which includes a full database of recyclable items and also runs a customer service hotline for people to ask questions. Monahan says people in San Diego can feel confident in putting #1 PET (common water and soda bottles) and #2 HDPE (plastic jugs and household bottles) plastics in their bins, as well as most other kinds of rigid(具刚性的) plastic. But the long-term future of recycling is up in the air. In 2018, China, which had been the largest importer of recyclable materials, stopped buying recyclable plastic from the USA．What’s more, the cost of making new plastic is now cheaper than recycling old items. Therefore, Monahan says people need to focus more on “reduce” and “reuse”, and less on “recycle”. Monahan suggests people who want to do better should pick one plastic item to eliminate(消除) a month, like straws(吸管). As they get used to that, they can eliminate another, and eventually, he says, they can reduce the need for plastic altogether. To help, Greenpeace USA is putting pressure on companies to stop using plastic packaging,  and also fighting for tougher standards to make sure items marked as recyclable can actually be recycled. 1．What can we learn about San Diego? A．It has put much effort into recycling. B．Its people want more recycling bins. C．It has no market for recycled products. D．Its people are able to recycle all kinds of plastic. 2．Why does Monahan say people need to focus less on “recycle”? A．Recycled plastic has little value. B．Recycling is very hard to achieve. C．There will be less recyclable plastic. D．The USA hasn’t made strict recycling rules. 3．What does Monahan suggest people do? A．Refuse to use throwaway plastic. B．Throw one plastic item at a time. C．Use less and less plastic gradually. D．Force companies to produce less plastic. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Recyclable plastic just a small part of the problem B．Recycled plastic cheaper than foreign plastic C．Recycled plastic not always exported D．Recyclable plastic not always recycled 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点话题13 环境保护与绿色发展 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 人教版必修第二册 Unit 2 Wildlife Protection 外研版必修第一册 Unit 6 At one with nature 外研版必修第二册 Unit 6 Earth first 译林版必修第三册 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 介绍纽约曼哈顿的Eleven Madison摩天大厦采用夜间制冰、白天用冰制冷的创新系统，以应对夏季高温并节约能源。 Passage 2 阅读理解 讲述了塑料垃圾的危害以及为解决这一问题所做的努力。 Passage 3 阅读理解 尽管AI的电力消耗引发环境担忧，但其实际能耗被高估，且AI能通过优化系统和数据分析助力减排；政策制定者需平衡其气候影响与环保效益。 Passage 4 阅读理解 讲述了加拿大野火对美国空气质量及经济的影响。 Passage 5 阅读理解 绍了哥本哈根正在尝试不同的方法，将旅游业从负面力量转变为积极力量。 Passage 6 阅读理解 报告显示，人们认为正在被回收的塑料只有一小部分得到了回收，剩下的被运到垃圾填埋场，对此不同组织做出了不同的努力。 主题简析素材积累 本阅读理解专题的主题语境为 “环境保护与绿色发展”，该主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “人与自然” 的子话题。此主题聚焦于人类如何通过各种行动保护自然环境、实现经济与环境协调发展，涉及生态系统保护、资源可持续利用、污染防治等内容。它引导学生思考人类活动对地球的影响，培养学生环保意识和社会责任感，使其能在日常生活中践行绿色理念，为地球可持续发展贡献力量，在英语学习中提升相关语言表达与阅读理解能力，更好地与国际接轨，参与全球环保交流与合作。 句子积累 表达重要性： It is of great importance to protect the environment.（保护环境至关重要。） Environmental protection plays a crucial role in our daily life.（环境保护在我们日常生活中起着关键作用。） Sustainable development is essential for the future of our planet.（可持续发展对我们地球的未来至关重要。） 提出措施： We should take measures to reduce pollution, such as using public transportation instead of private cars.（我们应该采取措施减少污染，比如使用公共交通而不是私家车。） To achieve green development, we can start by recycling waste in our daily lives.（为了实现绿色发展，我们可以从日常生活中回收废弃物做起。） It is necessary for us to save resources, like turning off the lights when leaving the room.（对我们来说节约资源是必要的，比如离开房间时关灯。） 描述现状： Nowadays, environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious.（如今，环境污染正变得越来越严重。） With the development of industry, natural resources are being consumed at an alarming rate.（随着工业的发展，自然资源正以惊人的速度被消耗。） Many species are in danger of extinction due to the destruction of their habitats.（由于栖息地遭到破坏，许多物种面临灭绝的危险。） 表达期望： I hope that everyone can contribute to environmental protection.（我希望每个人都能为环境保护做出贡献。） Let's work together to build a more sustainable future.（让我们共同努力建设一个更可持续的未来。） We expect that the government will introduce more policies to promote green development.（我们期望政府将出台更多政策来促进绿色发展。） 必备词块 环境保护类： environmental protection（环境保护） protect the environment（保护环境） environmental conservation（环境养护） ecological protection（生态保护） 污染相关类： environmental pollution（环境污染） air pollution（空气污染） water pollution（水污染） noise pollution（噪音污染） reduce pollution（减少污染） 资源类： natural resources（自然资源） renewable resources（可再生资源），如 solar energy（太阳能）、wind energy（风能）、water energy（水能） non - renewable resources（不可再生资源），如 fossil fuels（化石燃料），包括 coal（煤炭）、oil（石油）、natural gas（天然气） save resources（节约资源） resource conservation（资源保护） 绿色发展行动类： sustainable development（可持续发展） green lifestyle（绿色生活方式） low - carbon life（低碳生活） recycle waste（回收废弃物） reduce waste（减少废弃物） reuse materials（重复使用材料） plant trees（植树） go green（走向绿色环保） promote green development（促进绿色发展） 生态系统类： ecosystem（生态系统） ecological balance（生态平衡） biodiversity（生物多样性） protect biodiversity（保护生物多样性） 实战演练 Passage 1 How do you beat the summer heat? If you’ re like most people, you turn the air conditioning on when it’s the hottest time of the day. But what if you could use nonpeak (非高峰的) electrical hours and store the cold to use the next day? This idea has become a reality for a New York City high-rise that’s being cooled by ice. Eleven Madison, a skyscraper in the heart of Manhattan, is using cool, frozen ice overnight to cool the building, reported CBS News. Four stories below ground, an ice battery system freezes water during the night, when electrical use is low, and uses this ice to cool the building during the day. “There’s about 500,000 pounds of ice created every night,” said Holly Paeper, president of Trane Technologies, a company that did the installation (装置) . Air conditioning uses nearly 20% of energy use in homes and businesses globally. However, on extremely hot days, that number can jump to 70%. Installations like the one in Eleven Madison help to lower that. According to Paeper, the company has installed the technology in about 4,000 sites worldwide. The system in the basement of Eleven Madison uses 100 tanks that are each the size of a parking spot. Because there’s a lot of energy consumed in freezing water, a more effective way had to be found. “We take water, and add some other elements in it,” explained Dr. Patrick Shamberger, an associate professor at Texas A&M. “So we can take control of that temperature basically anywhere we want it, in the zero to 20℃ range.” While ice batteries aren’t being used to cool food or to power electrical devices, they’re being used to cool buildings. For now, combining ice batteries with other types of energy storage from renewables can help the power grid (电网) to keep up in hot weather as well as lower the cost of electricity. It’s a win-win for all. 1．What does the author want to stress in paragraph 3? A．The necessity of ice batteries. B．The popularity of the technology. C．The features of the high-rise. D．The significance of air conditioning. 2．Why were some elements added in the water? A．To make the water cleaner. B．To use the energy fully. C．To control the temperature. D．To add space occupation. 3．What can be inferred about ice batteries according to the text? A．They are cheap to install. B．They are energy-saving. C．They are extremely harmful. D．They are used to cool food. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Process of Ice Battery Production B．Power-hungry Air Conditioning C．Advantages of Storing Electricity D．A Creative System for Cooling 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍纽约曼哈顿的Eleven Madison摩天大厦采用夜间制冰、白天用冰制冷的创新系统，以应对夏季高温并节约能源。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Air conditioning uses nearly 20% of energy use in homes and businesses globally. However, on extremely hot days, that number can jump to 70%. Installations like the one in Eleven Madison help to lower that.(全球范围内，空调消耗了家庭和企业近20%的能源。然而，在极端炎热的日子里，这个数字可能会飙升到70%。像Eleven Madison里的装置有助于降低这一比例。)”可知，作者通过说明空调能耗高的问题，强调了冰电池系统的必要性。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We take water, and add some other elements in it. So we can take control of that temperature basically anywhere we want it, in the zero to 20℃ range.(我们先取来水，然后在其中加入一些其他物质。这样一来，我们就能在几乎任何我们想要的温度范围内（即 0 至 20 摄氏度之间）控制温度了。)”可知，在水中添加其他元素是为了控制温度。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Installations like the one in Eleven Madison help to lower that.(像Eleven Madison里的装置有助于降低这一比例。)”以及第五段中的“For now, combining ice batteries with other types of energy storage from renewables can help the power grid (电网) to keep up in hot weather as well as lower the cost of electricity. (目前，将冰电池与其他类型的可再生能源储存相结合，有助于电网在炎热天气下维持运行，并降低电力成本。)”可推断，冰电池是节能的。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文和第一段的“This idea has become a reality for a New York City high-rise that’s being cooled by ice.(这一想法如今已在纽约市的一座高层建筑中成为现实，该建筑通过使用冰块来实现降温。)”可知，全文围绕“冰电池帮助建筑物降温”这一核心展开：开头提出设想并引入实例（Eleven Madison），接着具体描述该冰电池系统的工作原理（夜间制冰、日间供冷）和规模，指出其解决空调高能耗问题的价值，解释其提升效率的关键技术（特殊水质处理）)，最后点明其当前应用范围（建筑物降温）及与可再生能源结合带来的综合效益（稳定电网、降低成本），因此“一种创新的冷却系统”最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards eco-friendly living. One of the key aspects of this is reducing our plastic waste. Plastic has become an integral part of our daily lives, but its long-term environmental impact is a cause for concern.​ Plastic waste takes hundreds of years to decompose. When it ends up in landfills, it can contaminate the soil and water. Moreover, a large amount of plastic waste finds its way into the oceans, posing a serious threat to marine life. Many sea animals mistake plastic for food and ingest it, which can lead to their death.​ To address this issue, many individuals and communities are taking action. Some people have started using reusable bags, bottles, and containers instead of single-use plastic ones. Communities are also implementing plastic-bag bans and promoting recycling programs.​ There are also innovative solutions emerging. For example, some companies are developing biodegradable plastics that break down much faster than traditional plastics. Scientists are also researching ways to convert plastic waste into useful products, such as fuel.​ However, the fight against plastic waste is not an easy one. It requires a collective effort from individuals, businesses, and governments. We all need to be more aware of the problem and make conscious choices in our daily lives to reduce our plastic consumption.​ 1．Why is plastic waste a problem?​ A．It is expensive to produce.​ B．It is difficult to recycle.​ C．It takes a long time to decompose.​ D．It is not widely used.​ 2．What are some individuals doing to reduce plastic waste?​ A．Using more single-use plastic products.​ B．Avoiding reusable bags.​ C．Implementing plastic-bag bans.​ D．Using reusable items.​ 3．What does the underlined word “biodegradable” in paragraph 4 mean?​ A．Able to be recycled.​ B．Able to break down naturally.​ C．Made from natural materials.​ D．Environmentally friendly.​ 4．What is the main idea of the passage?​ A．The importance of using plastic products.​ B．The solutions to plastic waste problem.​ C．The harm of plastic waste and the efforts to solve it.​ D．The development of biodegradable plastics.​ 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了塑料垃圾的危害以及为解决这一问题所做的努力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Plastic waste takes hundreds of years to decompose.(塑料垃圾需要数百年才能分解。)”可知，塑料垃圾是一个问题是因为它需要很长时间才能分解。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some people have started using reusable bags, bottles, and containers instead of single-use plastic ones.(一些人开始使用可重复使用的袋子、瓶子和容器，而不是一次性塑料制品。)”可知，一些个人正在使用可重复使用的物品来减少塑料垃圾。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“For example, some companies are developing biodegradable plastics that break down much faster than traditional plastics.(例如，一些公司正在开发biodegradable塑料，这种塑料比传统塑料分解得快得多。)”可知，这种塑料比传统塑料分解得快，所以biodegradable的意思是“能够自然分解的”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“Plastic waste takes hundreds of years to decompose. When it ends up in landfills, it can contaminate the soil and water. Moreover, a large amount of plastic waste finds its way into the oceans, posing a serious threat to marine life.(塑料垃圾需要数百年才能分解。当它最终进入垃圾填埋场时，会污染土壤和水。此外，大量塑料垃圾进入海洋，对海洋生物构成严重威胁。)”以及第三段中“To address this issue, many individuals and communities are taking action.(为了解决这个问题，许多个人和社区正在采取行动。)”可知，文章主要讲述了塑料垃圾的危害以及为解决这一问题所做的努力。故选C。 Passage 3 Even if you don’t worry that artificial intelligence (AI) will destroy the human race, you might concern that its fearsome appetite for electricity will destroy the environment. Asking ChatGPT a question means using ten times more energy than an old-fashioned search inquiry. Google’s greenhouse-gas emissions (排放) rose by nearly half between 2019 and 2023, as the AI boom took off; Microsoft’s have been up by almost 30% since 2020. With huge investments in new data centres planned, more rises seem to happen. But the spread of such pessimistic sentiments (悲观情绪) is inappropriate. In absolute terms, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume. Better still, AI can help remove carbon from the industries that have proved hardest to clean up. Consider AI’s appetite for energy first. The International Energy Agency (IEA) thinks that electricity consumption by data centres could as much as triple (三倍) in the next five years. Even if energy usage soars, though, the base is still low. Data centres today account for about 1.5% of the world’s electricity consumption — and the vast majority of that is due to streaming, social media and online shopping, not AI. Moreover, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. As we explain in this week’s Science & Technology section, AI excels at identifying complex patterns, processing giant data sets and upgrading systems, all of which can help reduce emissions. AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical networks, cut fuel use in shipping and spot otherwise invisible leaks of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. The task for policymakers and industry bosses is to maximize such benefits while minimizing the climate impacts. The most elegant solution would be for governments to impose a proper price on carbon and leave the market to do its work. 1．What is the author’s main argument regarding AI’s energy consumption? A．Governments must immediately stop AI development. B．AI will cause environmental disaster to the human race. C．Current concerns about AI’s energy impact are overstated. D．Streaming services and social media pose greater threats than AI. 2．What does the underlined word “soars” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Increase s quickly. B．Looks normal. C．Falls sharply. D．Comes easily. 3．How does AI help to reduce emissions? A．By shutting down high- pollution factories. B．By developing new carbon capture technologies. C．By completely replacing traditional energy sources. D．By conducting AI-powered data and system operations. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Data Centre: Powering the Future B．Google and Microsoft’s Carbon Crisis C．AI: Energy Consumer or Climate Rescuer D．AI: Environmental Threat or Economic Booster 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出尽管AI的电力消耗引发环境担忧，但其实际能耗被高估，且AI能通过优化系统和数据分析助力减排；政策制定者需平衡其气候影响与环保效益。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“But the spread of such pessimistic sentiments (悲观情绪) is inappropriate. In absolute terms, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume. Better still, AI can help remove carbon from the industries that have proved hardest to clean up. (但此类悲观情绪的蔓延并不恰当。从绝对值来看，AI的能耗可能比人们想象的要低。更好的是，AI可以帮助那些被证明最难清理的行业消除碳排放。)”可知，作者认为不应悲观地预测AI的能源影响，而且AI具有环保潜力。由此可知，作者的观点是“对AI能源影响的当前担忧被夸大了”。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“The International Energy Agency (IEA) thinks that electricity consumption by data centres could as much as triple (三倍) in the next five years. (国际能源署(IEA)认为，数据中心的用电量在未来五年内可能会增加三倍。)”和下文“the base is still low (基数仍然很低)”可知，前后有让步关系，AI的能源消耗基数很小，画线词所表示的趋势应与前面提到的数据中心的电力消耗增加一致，画线词意思应该是“快速增加，猛涨”。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“As we explain in this week’s Science & Technology section, AI excels at identifying complex patterns, processing giant data sets and upgrading systems, all of which can help reduce emissions. (正如我们在本周的科学与技术部分所解释的那样，AI擅长识别复杂的模式、处理庞大的数据集和升级系统，所有这些都有助于减少排放。)”可知，AI驱动的数据与系统操作可以减少排放。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Even if you don’t worry that artificial intelligence (AI) will destroy the human race, you might concern that its fearsome appetite for electricity will destroy the environment. (即使你不担心人工智能(AI)会毁灭人类，你也可能会担心它对电力的可怕需求会破坏环境。)”和“Better still, AI can help remove carbon from the industries that have proved hardest to clean up. (更好的是，AI可以帮助那些被证明最难清理的行业消除碳排放。)”可知，文章先承认AI的能耗问题，但指出担忧被夸大，后强调AI在减排中的实际应用。因此，C项“AI：能源消耗者还是气候拯救者？”凸显了对AI能源影响的两种争论，最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 4 Canadian wildfires have been making headlines around the world recently, mainly because of their far-reaching impact on the air quality in the United States. The ongoing wildfires in Canada have created a situation where large amounts of smoke are drifting southwards, covering significant parts of the U.S.​ These wildfires are not an ordinary occurrence. The number of fires this year is unusually high, and they are burning over a vast expanse of land. The combination of strong winds and dry vegetation has contributed to the rapid spread of these fires. As a result, the smoke generated has traveled long distances. In the United States, states along the East Coast, including New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, have witnessed a sharp decline in air quality. The sky has turned hazy, and the smell of burning is pervasive.​ The consequences of this smoke-filled air are multi-fold. Firstly, it poses a serious threat to public health. People are experiencing breathing difficulties, sore throats, and eye irritations. Medical facilities in affected areas are seeing an increase in patients with respiratory problems. Secondly, the economic impact is also significant. Outdoor-related businesses, such as tourism, agriculture, and construction, have been affected. For example, many tourist attractions have had to close due to the poor air quality, leading to a loss of revenue. In addition, flights have been delayed or canceled at major airports, disrupting travel plans for thousands of people.​ 1．What is the main reason for the spread of Canadian wildfires?​ A．Weak winds that fail to disperse the fire.​ B．Wet vegetation that catches fire easily.​ C．The large number of tourists in forest areas.​ D．The combination of strong winds and dry vegetation.​ 2．Which U.S. states along the East Coast have been affected by the smoke?​ A．California, Oregon, and Washington.​ B．Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi.​ C．New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut.​ D．Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina.​ 3．What are the consequences of the smoke-filled air?​ A．It only affects the health of animals in the area.​ B．It has a negative impact on public health and the economy.​ C．It leads to an increase in outdoor-related businesses.​ D．It improves the air quality in some remote areas.​ 4．What can be inferred from the passage?​ A．Canadian wildfires will have no long-term impact on the U.S.​ B．The air quality in the affected U.S. areas will improve immediately.​ C．The economic losses caused by the wildfires are negligible.​ D．More measures need to be taken to deal with the impact of the wildfires.​ 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了加拿大野火对美国空气质量及经济的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The combination of strong winds and dry vegetation has contributed to the rapid spread of these fires. (强风和干燥植被的结合导致了这些火灾的迅速蔓延)”可知，加拿大野火蔓延的主要原因是强风和干燥植被的结合。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the United States, states along the East Coast, including New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, have witnessed a sharp decline in air quality. (在美国，包括纽约、新泽西和康涅狄格在内的东海岸各州的空气质量都急剧下降)”可知，美国东海岸的纽约、新泽西和康涅狄格等州受到了烟雾的影响。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The consequences of this smoke-filled air are multi-fold. Firstly, it poses a serious threat to public health. People are experiencing breathing difficulties, sore throats, and eye irritations. Medical facilities in affected areas are seeing an increase in patients with respiratory problems. Secondly, the economic impact is also significant. Outdoor-related businesses, such as tourism, agriculture, and construction, have been affected. (烟雾弥漫的空气带来的后果是多方面的。首先，它对公众健康构成严重威胁。人们正经历呼吸困难、喉咙痛和眼睛刺激等症状。受影响地区的医疗机构接诊的呼吸系统疾病患者数量正在增加。其次，经济影响也很显著。与户外相关的行业，如旅游业、农业和建筑业，都受到了影响)”可知，烟雾弥漫的空气对公众健康和经济都有负面影响。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其第三段中提到的烟雾弥漫的空气对公众健康和经济都有负面影响，以及“In addition, flights have been delayed or canceled at major airports, disrupting travel plans for thousands of people. (此外，主要机场的航班延误或取消，打乱了数千人的旅行计划)”可推知，需要采取更多措施来应对野火的影响。故选D。 Passage 5 This summer, Europe’s most popular attractions are fighting back against overtourism (过度旅游). As many destinations move to restrict, fine and protest tourists for bad behavior, Copenhagen is trying a different approach to turning tourism from a negative force to a positive one. Tourism officials in Copenhagen introduced CopenPay, a new pilot project that will provide various gifts and benefits to travelers who engage in climate-friendly behaviors, such as taking public transport or volunteering in clean-up efforts. These include free coffee and free museum tours. Green actions have become a currency for enjoying Copenhagen’s free food and cultural experiences. Mikkel Aarø-Hansen, CEO of Wonderful Copenhagen, says the initiative is not meant to increase tourism but merely promotes a better way to go about it. It aims to help transform tourism from “an environmental burden” into a “force for positive change.” He adds, “An important step in this transformation is to change how we move around on the destination, what we consume, and how we interact with the locals.” According to a 2023 sustainable report from a London-based market research group, 81% of consumers say they want to act more sustainably, but only 22% have changed their behavior. Mikkel views CopenPay as an experimental step to bridge the gap between the desire to act sustainably and actual behavior. “We hope that by showing the success of this and other initiatives, other cities around the globe will be inspired to find their way to encourage more sustainable tourism behavior, ultimately leading to a more sustainable future for everyone.” Will Copenhagen’s strategy work? Only time will tell. Still, Randy Durband, chief executive of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council, believes it “deserves some credit for not shaking a fist at bad behavior but trying to make it fun and have some rewards and benefits.” 1．How does Copenhagen cope with overtourism? A．By rewarding tourists for their green actions. B．By providing free public transport for tourists. C．By charging a heavy fine for tourists’ bad behavior. D．By limiting the number of tourists in popular attractions. 2．What is CopenPay intended for? A．Improving the city’s image. B．Promoting sustainable tourism. C．Increasing income from tourism. D．Enriching tourists’ travel experiences. 3．What can be inferred about CopenPay from Mikkel Aarø-Hansen? A．It only works for a small number of tourists. B．It pushes the development of global tourism. C．It is expected to spread green tourism initiatives. D．It has inspired many cities to follow its example. 4．What is Randy Durband’s attitude towards CopenPay? A．Disapproving. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Positive. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了哥本哈根正在尝试不同的方法，将旅游业从负面力量转变为积极力量。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tourism officials in Copenhagen introduced CopenPay, a new pilot project that will provide various gifts and benefits to travelers who engage in climate-friendly behaviors, such as taking public transport or volunteering in clean-up efforts.(哥本哈根的旅游官员介绍了CopenPay，这是一个新的试点项目，将为从事气候友好行为的旅行者提供各种礼物和福利，例如乘坐公共交通工具或自愿参与清理工作)”可知，哥本哈根为从事气候友好行为的旅行者提供各种礼物和福利，即哥本哈根通过奖励游客的绿色行动来应对过度旅游。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Mikkel Aarø-Hansen, CEO of Wonderful Copenhagen, says the initiative is not meant to increase tourism but merely promotes a better way to go about it. It aims to help transform tourism from “an environmental burden” into a “force for positive change.”(Wonderful Copenhagen首席执行官Mikkel Aarø-Hansen表示，该倡议的目的不是增加旅游业，而只是促进更好的旅游方式。它的目的是帮助旅游业从“环境负担”转变为“积极变革的力量”)”可知，CopenPay的目的是促进更好的旅游方式，促进可持续旅游业发展。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Mikkel views CopenPay as an experimental step to bridge the gap between the desire to act sustainably and actual behavior. “We hope that by showing the success of this and other initiatives, other cities around the globe will be inspired to find their way to encourage more sustainable tourism behavior, ultimately leading to a more sustainable future for everyone.”(Mikkel将CopenPay视为弥合可持续行动愿望与实际行为之间差距的实验性步骤。“我们希望通过展示这一举措和其他举措的成功，全球其他城市将受到启发，找到鼓励更可持续旅游行为的方法，最终为每个人带来更可持续的未来。”)”可知，根据Mikkel Aarø-Hansen所说，这一举措和其他举措的成功能够使其他城市受到启发，找到更可持续旅游的方法，即CopenPay有望推广绿色旅游的举措。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, Randy Durband, chief executive of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council, believes it “deserves some credit for not shaking a fist at bad behavior but trying to make it fun and have some rewards and benefits.”(尽管如此，全球可持续旅游理事会首席执行官Randy Durband认为，它“没有对不良行为挥拳相向，而是试图让它变得有趣，并获得一些奖励和好处，这值得称赞。”)”可知，Randy Durband表示哥本哈根的试点项目CopenPay获得了一些奖励和好处，这是值得称赞的，由此推知，Randy Durband对于CopenPay的态度是赞同的。故选D。 Passage 6 A report from Greenpeace USA shows only a small amount of the plastic we think we’re recycling is actually getting recycled. The rest of it is transported to landfills(废弃物填埋场). “It was surprising, even to us,” says John Hocevar, Greenpeace USA’s Oceans Campaign Director. “There are billions of us going through trillions and trillions of throwaway plastic items a year. Almost none of that is recycled.” According to the report, only 8.4% of the total post-consumer plastic waste created in the USA is recycled. That’s out of nearly 35 million tons of materials. Ian Monahan from I Love a Clean San Diego says they’ve been working for years to educate people around the county about what should and should not be put in the blue recycling bins(回收箱). The county has a website, waste freesd.org, which includes a full database of recyclable items and also runs a customer service hotline for people to ask questions. Monahan says people in San Diego can feel confident in putting #1 PET (common water and soda bottles) and #2 HDPE (plastic jugs and household bottles) plastics in their bins, as well as most other kinds of rigid(具刚性的) plastic. But the long-term future of recycling is up in the air. In 2018, China, which had been the largest importer of recyclable materials, stopped buying recyclable plastic from the USA．What’s more, the cost of making new plastic is now cheaper than recycling old items. Therefore, Monahan says people need to focus more on “reduce” and “reuse”, and less on “recycle”. Monahan suggests people who want to do better should pick one plastic item to eliminate(消除) a month, like straws(吸管). As they get used to that, they can eliminate another, and eventually, he says, they can reduce the need for plastic altogether. To help, Greenpeace USA is putting pressure on companies to stop using plastic packaging,  and also fighting for tougher standards to make sure items marked as recyclable can actually be recycled. 1．What can we learn about San Diego? A．It has put much effort into recycling. B．Its people want more recycling bins. C．It has no market for recycled products. D．Its people are able to recycle all kinds of plastic. 2．Why does Monahan say people need to focus less on “recycle”? A．Recycled plastic has little value. B．Recycling is very hard to achieve. C．There will be less recyclable plastic. D．The USA hasn’t made strict recycling rules. 3．What does Monahan suggest people do? A．Refuse to use throwaway plastic. B．Throw one plastic item at a time. C．Use less and less plastic gradually. D．Force companies to produce less plastic. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Recyclable plastic just a small part of the problem B．Recycled plastic cheaper than foreign plastic C．Recycled plastic not always exported D．Recyclable plastic not always recycled 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国绿色和平组织的一份报告显示，人们认为正在被回收的塑料只有一小部分得到了回收，剩下的被运到垃圾填埋场，对此不同组织做出了不同的努力。 1．推理判断题。根据第四段“Ian Monahan from I Love a Clean San Diego says they’ve been working for years to educate people around the county about what should and should not be put in the blue recycling bins(回收箱).(来自“我爱干净的圣地亚哥”的Ian Monahan说，他们多年来一直在努力教育该县的人们，让他们知道什么应该和不应该放在蓝色的回收箱里。)”可知，圣地亚哥该组织多年来一直在教当地人民如何在回收箱里投放塑料垃圾。由此可推测出，它在回收利用上投入了很多努力。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“In 2018, China, which had been the largest importer of recyclable materials, stopped buying recyclable plastic from the USA. What’s more, the cost of making new plastic is now cheaper than recycling old items.(2018年，曾是最大的可回收材料进口国的中国停止从美国购买可回收塑料。此外，现在制造新塑料的成本比回收旧塑料便宜。)”可知，现在回收塑料出口减少，而且回收塑料的成本比制造新塑料高，由此可推测出，回收的塑料价值不高，所以Monahan呼吁人们需要将注意力更多地放在“减少”和“重复使用”上，而不是“回收”上。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Monahan suggests people who want to do better should pick one plastic item to eliminate(消除) a month, like straws(吸管). As they get used to that, they can eliminate another, and eventually, he says, they can reduce the need for plastic altogether.(Monahan建议那些想做得更好的人应该一个月选择一种塑料物品来消除，比如吸管。他说，随着他们习惯了这样，他们可以消除另一种，最终可以完全减少对塑料的需求。)”可知，Monahan建议人们一个月消除一种塑料物品，慢慢地减少对塑料的需求。由此可推测出，他建议人们慢慢地减少对塑料的使用。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文在第一段“A report from Greenpeace USA shows only a small amount of the plastic we think we’re recycling is actually getting recycled. The rest of it is transported to landfills(废弃物填埋场).(美国绿色和平组织的一份报告显示，只有一小部分我们认为正在回收的塑料实际上得到了回收。剩下的被运到垃圾填埋场。)”引出了话题：只有一小部分我们认为正在回收的塑料实际上得到了回收，剩下的塑料都被运到了垃圾填埋场。由此可推测出，可回收的塑料并不一定都被回收了，D项“可回收塑料并不总是得到了回收”最适合作本文标题。故选D。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$