UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ Using Language（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版）

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Please turn down the TV a little. The music is distracting (使分心) me from my work. 2．The fireman told us how to react (反应) in case a fire should break out. 3．The twins are so alike. It's difficult to distinguish (辨别) one from the other. 4．Last night, her bad table manners, including talking loudly while eating, embarrassed (使尴尬) us all. 5．Ultimately (最终), you have to make your own judgements. 6．For Chinese, eating is not only a way of surviving but also reveals (揭示) your attitude towards life. 7．There will always be conflicts (冲突) in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. 8．I stared (盯着) at the road, hoping to have a taxi that could be taken. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The old man bent (bend) over, picked up the plastic bag from the ground and then threw it into the dustbin. 2．I felt embarrassed (embarrass) about how untidy the house was when my friend came to see me. 3．When learning his friend had moved to a slightly (slight) larger house, he wandered around, depressed and full of anxiety (anxious)． 4．There is a growing tendency (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices. 5．There is a school with a distinguished (distinguish) academic record in my hometown. 6．(2023·全国甲卷，书面表达) Besides，he proposed the establishment of a national school system，which had a far­reaching influence on the Chinese educational(education) system. 7．In the street, she found herself stared (stare) at by a stranger, which made her a little nervous. 8．Occupying (occupy) herself with routine office work, she had no time to attend to her children. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．陷入冲突时，女士们往往会血压升高，感到焦虑不安。 When exposed to conflict, women tend to have high blood pressure, feeling anxious． 2．问题在于那个女孩不能辨别是非。 The problem lies in the fact that the girl can't distinguish right from wrong． 3．每个人都需要朋友， 但是， 并不是每一个人都知道如何做一名好朋友。 Everyone needs friends, but not everyone/everybody knows how to be a good friend. 4．我们想号召所有学生培养健康的饮食习惯。 We'd like to call on all students to develop healthy eating habits. 5．慢慢挺直身体， 然后把这个动作重复十次。 Straighten up slowly, then repeat the exercise ten times. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 As an 1.educator (educate), people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students. My answer is that I look at their body language. It is easy for me 2.to recognise (recognise) when students are interested in a lesson. People have a 3.tendency (tend) to lean towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head 4.lowered (lower) to look at his watch, it implies that he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. Sometimes some students are 5.amused (amuse) by something else. So the main thing is reminding distracted students 6.that they need to pay attention in class. While 7.it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students 8.are troubled (trouble)．Ultimately, my duty is helping every student to learn. Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students 9.individually (individual)．Reacting to body language is 10.an important component of being a teacher. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·黑龙江哈尔滨联考)Have you ever been in mid­conversation with someone, when you look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the same facial expression? It may seem like they have purposely copied you, but it is much more likely that this is the chameleon (变色龙) effect at play. The chameleon effect is the unintentional copying of another person's physical expressions.Just as a chameleon changes its color to match its current surroundings, people copy the behavior of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth and well­received.Evidence that the chameleon effect was a real phenomenon was demonstrated (证实) in experiments by psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999.They wanted to see if the chameleon effect worked in both acquaintances (熟人) and complete strangers. The first of their experiments included 78 people, who each spoke with an experimenter.During the test，Bargh and Chartrand studied whether participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn't met before—such as moving a foot or touching the face.The second experiment measured the impact that copying someone had on the person being copied. In the first stage, when body language was applied, participants increased their face touching by 20% and their foot movement by 50%.The second experiment involved half of the participants being copied, and then gauging the likeability of the experimenter.The results showed that those who were copied gave the experimenter higher marks. Researchers still couldn't explain the unintentional mirrored movements.However, similar studies have shown that when someone copies our behavior, we develop more positive feelings about them.These interactions could be about a person unintentionally hoping to be liked and forming a moment of connection.Another theory is as an adapted survival feature.Being able to fit in with those around you and being accepted into a group means that there are others who can have your back when under threat. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变色龙效应这一概念，即人们无意识地模仿他人的肢体动作以拉近彼此距离、促进互动顺畅的现象。 1．Which of the following describes the chameleon effect? A．People adapt to a colorful environment. B．People behave in the same way as others. C．People copy chameleons' way of escaping. D．People are relaxed in familiar surroundings. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The chameleon effect is the unintentional copying of another person's physical expressions.”可知，变色龙效应指的是无意识模仿他人的肢体动作。即人们会无意识地模仿他人的行为，使自己的行为与他人相似。故选B。 2．What did the first experiment try to find out? A．What body language would be well­ received. B．How the chameleon effect influenced speakers. C．Whether people would copy strangers' behavior. D．Whowere most likely to copy others' movements. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They wanted to see if the chameleon effect worked in both acquaintances (熟人) and complete strangers.”以及第三段“During the test, Bargh and Chartrand studied whether participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn't met before—such as moving a foot or touching the face.”可知，心理学家们想探究变色龙效应在熟人和完全陌生人之间是否都起作用，他们研究了参与者是否会模仿他们之前从未见过的实验员的动作。故选C。 3．What does the underlined word “gauging” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Rating. B．Facing. C．Achieving. D．Enjoying. 解析　A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上一段“The second experiment measured the impact that copying someone had on the person being copied.”可知，第二个实验衡量了模仿行为对被模仿者的影响。而根据画线词所在句“第二个实验让一半的参与者被模仿”可推测，第二个实验先让参与者被模仿，然后再评估他们对实验员的喜爱程度，从而衡量模仿行为对被模仿者的影响。所以画线词gauging为“评估”之意。选项A.“Rating(评定)”。故选A。 4．What might be a reason for the chameleon effect? A．To change for the better. B．To know a stranger better. C．To show one's learning ability. D．To form a connection or be liked. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“However, similar studies have shown that when someone copies our behavior, we develop more positive feelings about them.These interactions could be about a person unintentionally hoping to be liked and forming a moment of connection.”可知，变色龙效应可能是为了建立联系或被人喜欢。故选D。 B For years, investigators and body language experts have claimed that body language, changes in voice and microexpressions can tell us all we need to know when someone is telling a mistruth. However, such signs are open to misinterpretation and using them is now believed to be a little better than relying on random (随机的) chance. The main problem of the traditional approach is the huge variety of human behaviour；there is quite simply no comprehensive dictionary of body language. Researchers have found that reliable cues (暗示) just don't exist. So, what new methods are available to spot a liar and help us reach a judgement on someone? Redirect the focus away from mannerisms to the things that they actually say, carefully detecting the right pressure points that can make a liar's front come tumbling down (崩溃). The beauty of this is that it's so simple that it's something we can all do in our daily lives.One method that you can try at home is to start a conversation by asking people how honest they are. Simply getting a person to tell you that they tell the truth makes them more truthful and honest further down the line. Amazingly, research participants found themselves wanting to be seen as honest thus making them more cooperative (配合的), while those that were powerful liars had difficulty maintaining the pretence after this and became easier to spot when placed under careful examination.With a careful use of tactical (策略性的) questions and an observant mind that pays close attention to the content of a person's replies, experts in a university study were able to detect liars with an accuracy of more than 90%! So perhaps it's time for all of us to remember that we don't need to be Sherlock Holmes to read people correctly. Forget about being a super detective with a photographic eye and use your common sense and careful questions to consider things in context. And don't forget, the eyes may be the window to the soul, but it is the mind that reveals truth. [语篇解读]　本文是议论文。作者表明：一直以来被调查人员和肢体语言专家宣称的通过目标对象的肢体语言、话音的改变及微表情来断定其是否说谎的方法并不一定准确；研究显示靠策略性的对话能更准确地识别出说谎者。 5．What is the problem of using body language to spot a liar? A．It is fairly unreliable. B．It faces difficulty in finding cues. C．It requires a guidebook to body language. D．It usually leads to poor interpersonal relationships. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，such signs...a little better than relying on random chance.”和“The main problem...just don't exist.”可知，通过肢体语言来断定一个人是否说谎的方法是不可靠的。 6．What can we learn about the new method of lie detection? A．It is unhelpful in spotting powerful liars. B．It has been mainly used in criminal investigations. C．It can be learned by ordinary people with practice. D．It requires the interviewer to ask unexpected questions. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The beauty of this is that it's so simple...One method that you can try at home”可知，这种新方法可以被普通人习得。 7．What led to experts' success in detecting liars according to paragraph 2? A．Traditional methods. B．Advanced equipment. C．A dictionary of body language. D．Careful analysis of a person's words. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“With a careful use of tactical...experts in a university study were able to detect liars with an accuracy of more than 90%！”可知，专家通过对受试者答语的仔细分析来发现说谎者的准确率超过90%。 8．What is the message conveyed in the text? A．Spotting a lie is easier than you think. B．Intelligent mind helps to achieve success. C．Body language plays a big part in detecting a liar. D．Communication skills are key to good relationships. 解析　A　主旨要义题。根据最后一段中的“we don't need to be Sherlock Holmes...careful questions to consider things in context”可知，测谎比我们原本想得容易，即使我们不是福尔摩斯那样的侦探，也可以运用我们的常识和谨慎的问题将前后事件联系起来，从而得出真相。 Ⅱ.完形填空 I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down. My phone was 1 ， too. I managed to get to a gas station, but it was Sunday in the early fall, and there was no 2 on duty. I was working my way through university then and had little money for 3 the car. I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 4 the heat when an older gentleman 5 to fuel his car.He asked about my car, and I 6 my predicament (困境). To my 7 ， the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age, and then he opened his trunk and 8 a tool set. Right then and there, this total 9 examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn't been changed for so long that they were 10 to function.After about an hour, he 11 that my car was safe to finish the trip. 12 came at the hands of a stranger. 13 his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man 14 a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his 15 ． [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的车在半路坏了，并且没有找到修车的人。这时恰巧有一位年长的绅士来加油。了解到作者遇到的困难后，他主动帮助作者修车。作者对此非常的感谢。 1．A.busy　　　　　　　　　 B．loud C．dead D．secure 解析　C　考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.”以及句中的too可知，作者的车坏了，手机也因为没电而关机了。故选C。 2．A.mechanic B．policeman C．manager D．guide 解析　A　考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“but it was Sunday in the early fall”可知，作者的车坏了，所以她应该去找机修工。但是因为是周日，所以加油站的机修工都没上班。故选A。 3．A.washing B．parking C．purchasing D．maintaining 解析　D　考查动词词义辨析。根据空前“I was working my way through university then and had little money”可知，作者当时正在读大学，没有什么钱，所以几乎是不保养车的。故选D。 4．A.feel B．beat C．absorb D．produce 解析　B　考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“working on a hot September afternoon”可知，事情发生在一个炎热的夏天，作者坐在车边试图保持凉爽。beat the heat“消暑，在炎热的天气中保持凉爽”。故选B。 5．A.promised B．refused C．stopped D．volunteered 解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I managed to get to a gas station”可知，作者是在加油站，所以有一辆车停下来加油。故选C。 6．A.solved B．noticed C．escaped D．explained 解析　D　考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“He asked about my car”可知，这位绅士询问作者的车出了什么问题，然后作者向他解释了她的困境。故选D。 7．A.surprise B．regret C．amusement D．disappointment 解析　A　考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age, and then he opened his trunk and 8 a tool set”可知，这位年长的绅士听到作者的困难后，准备帮助作者。这让作为陌生人的作者感到非常的惊讶。故选A。 8．A.called up B．pulled out C．put down D．threw away 解析　B　考查动词短语辨析。根据空后“a tool set”以及下文“Right then and there, this total 9 examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn't been changed for so long that they were 10 to function.”可知，这位绅士从他的车里拿出一套工具，帮作者修车。故选B。 9．A.liar B．beginner C．stranger D．loser 解析　C　考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 4 the heat when an older gentleman 5 to fuel his car.”以及全文语境可知，这个绅士对于作者来说完全是个陌生人。故选C。 10．A.free B．ready C．uncertain D．unable 解析　D　考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn't been changed for so long.”可知，由于汽车的火花塞已经很久没有更换了，所以导致它不能正常工作。故选D。 11．A.pronounced B．agreed C．discovered D．doubted 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。根据空后“that my car was safe to finish the trip”可知，经过一个小时的修理后，那个绅士宣布车可以安全地完成旅程。故选A。 12．A.Tiredness B．Kindness C．Loneliness D．Carefulness 解析　B　考查名词词义辨析。根据全文语境可知，一位陌生人帮助了作者，所以此处指善意来自一个陌生人。故选B。 13．A.Folding B．Drying C．Soiling D．Mending 解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“After about an hour, he 11 that my car was safe to finish the trip.”可知，那位绅士给作者修了一个小时的车。此处指修车时弄脏了自己的衣服。故选C。 14．A.saved B．called C．judged D．banned 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Right then and there, this total 9 examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn't been changed for so long that they were 10 to function.”可知，这个陌生人给作者修了车，所以作者觉得他就像是从灾难中救了她。故选A。 15．A.friend B．daughter C．coworker D．customer 解析　B　考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age”可知，作者觉那位绅士帮助作者是因为他有一个和她同龄的女儿。此处指作者就像那位男士的女儿。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$