Unit 5 Section 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版）

[对应知能达标训练P46] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．I want to thank Professor(教授) Doris, without whose help I couldn't have made so much progress. 2．(2024·镇海中学月考)From his position(位置) on the mountain top, he had a good view of the city. 3．If people keep polluting the ocean, no creature will survive(存活) in the long run. 4．The house is more than twenty metres long and measures (测量) six metres wide. 5．At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving，but eventually (最终) he gave in. 6．(2024·河南实验中心月考)The earthquake destroyed(摧毁)the building a year ago, which has already been built. 7．Research has shown that music has an important effect (影响) on one's moods. 8．The annual (一年一度的) Dragon Boat Festival is to memorize the ancient poet Qu Yuan. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．As these new products are not selling well, the members of the board have decided to cut down on production. 2．Proper measures(measure) should be taken immediately to protect our cultural heritage (遗产). 3．The foreigners are amazed by the amazing achievements that Chinese people have made in the development of the economy.(amaze) 4．Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for survivors(survive) in an earthquake. 5．They started at once in search of the missing child although it was raining heavily. 6．It takes hard work and determination(determine) to reach the goals that we want to achieve. 7．There is no simple solution(solve) to those environmental problems, so everyone needs to go green in our daily life. 8．The big ship was destroyed(destroy) by the iceberg (冰山) and all passengers fell into the river. 9．—Did you manage to complete(complete) your project on time as your leader had required? —No, I tried to, but I failed. 10．The police has been seeking for the lost car for three days, but it turns out in vain. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级) The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is to answer them. 2．美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系在很多方面都相似。(替代词) In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from that in the UK． 3．我们是时候该采取措施保护濒临灭绝的生物了。(measure) It is high time that we should take measures to protect endangered creatures. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Every autumn, millions of the North American monarch butterflies begin a long and difficult journey.Somehow they manage to travel around 4，000 kilometres south and find their way to California or Mexico.However, until recently no one 1.knew(know) how they did this. A team of scientists 2.led(lead) by Professor Eli Shlizerman has now found the answer.They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day.It uses its eyes 3.to measure(measure) the position of the sun.These two pieces of information allow the butterfly 4.to determine(determine) the way to go.Finally, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter. 5．Sadly(sad), human activity is the main reason 6.why the number of monarch butterflies is falling.In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the 7.natural(nature) environment.They cut 8.down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat. The research on the monarch's behaviour has however led to a greater 9.awareness(aware) of this creature.People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on.If this works, there may come a time when 10.the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·四川彭山一中月考)There's nothing like having a best friend forever—that person who you can have fun with and talk to.July 30 is the International Day of Friendship.Maybe you can seek to encounter a new friend.And while we're talking about friends, don't think humans are the only ones who know a thing or two about friendship.Check out these friendly animals in nature who help each other out. An elephant and an olive baboon(东非狒狒) can be friends? It sounds amazing, but it's true.You can find this pair of friends in the grasslands of Africa.This unusual pair can help each other out like any pair of good friends would.The elephant uses its front teeth to make a waterhole in the sand, and it lets the olive baboon have a drink from this “well” when it gets thirsty.In return, the baboon tells the elephant when danger is near.It climbs up to the treetops and calls out so its friend knows that it's time to move on. In the sea world, the goby fish(虾虎鱼) and the shrimp are well-known for their friendship.The shrimp provides a home for the goby fish, while the goby fish provides a guidance service for the almost blind shrimp.You see, the goby has great eyesight(视力) and stays close to the shrimp.As the shrimp moves around, the shrimp is feeling the goby with its antennae(触须) from time to time to make sure it's still there.If the goby senses danger, it will return to the home and the shrimp will follow. The langur(叶猴) has a very good friendship with the chital deer(斑鹿).While the langur eats in a tree, it drops leaves to the ground.This is good for the deer because sometimes there's not much food.The deer will follow the langur and eat whatever food that is dropped.And in return, when the langur comes down from the tree, the deer will stamp heavily to tell the langur if it senses danger. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些大自然中互相帮助的友好的动物。 1．How can an elephant help an olive baboon? A．By providing protection. B．By providing a home. C．By providing water. D．By providing information. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The elephant uses its front teeth to make a waterhole...when it gets thirsty.”可知，大象通过提供水来帮助东非狒狒。 答案　C 2．What does a shrimp do when moving around in the sea? A．It never swims far from its home. B．It goes home from time to time. C．It uses its antennae for directions. D．It stays close to the goby fish. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“You see, the goby has great eyesight...the shrimp will follow.”可知，当虾在海里游动时，一直和虾虎鱼保持很近的距离。 答案　D 3．What do the olive baboon and the chital deer have in common? A．They warn their friends of danger. B．They live together with their friends. C．They have a good sense of smell. D．They have good eyesight. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“In return, the baboon tells the elephant when danger is near.”和最后一段最后一句中“the deer will stamp heavily to tell the langur if it senses danger”可知，东非狒狒和斑鹿的共同点是，它们警告它们的朋友有危险。 答案　A 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Best friends forever B．Friendship in the animal world C．Love me, love my dog D．The International Day of Friendship 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Check out these friendly animals in nature who help each other out.”以及下文所讲述的三对动物之间的友谊可知，本文介绍了动物界的友谊。故选B。 答案　B B (2024·江苏金陵中学月考)It is quite clear to me, based on my research, that tropical(热带的) insects rather than polar bears could be among the first species to become extinct(灭绝的) as a result of global warming. Insects in the tropics are already living at the limit of their temperature range and any further increase could quickly kill them off.This would be a major disaster for tropical habitats, which rely on insects for everything from pollination(授粉) to waste disposal(处理).We have found that a rise in average temperatures in the tropics of just 1℃ or 2℃ could be enough to bring about a significant and harmful effect on the survival of a wide variety of important insects.Fitness levels most likely decline quickly and there may not be much we can do about it. Many tropical species can only accept a narrow range of temperatures because the climate they experience is pretty steady throughout the year.Now our study shows that they will be harmed by rising temperatures more than species in cold climates.Unfortunately, the tropics also hold the large majority of species on the planet. We used daily and monthly global temperatures from the 50-year period between 1950 and 2000 and compared them with data showing the “fitness levels” of different species.“Fitness” was determined by indicators such as population growth rates and physical performance for different creatures. We found that even moving into the shade did not help the insects.The direct effects of climate change on the organisms(生物) we studied appear to depend a lot more on the organisms' flexibility than on the amount of warming in the area where they lived. As well as the danger to insects, the research confirms that there will be other consequences of global warming that could also have a serious impact on tropical regions, particularly on food crops.Our research focused only on the impact of changes in temperature, but warming will also change rainfall patterns.These changes could be more important for many tropical organisms, such as plants, but they are harder to predict. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球变暖会导致热带昆虫的灭绝。 5．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Global warming. B．Living in the tropics. C．Killing polar bears off. D．Insects becoming extinct. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Insects in the tropics are...to waste disposal.(热带地区的昆虫已经生活在其温度范围的极限，任何进一步的温度升高都可能快速杀死它们。这将是热带栖息地的一场重大灾难，从授粉到废物处理，热带栖息地的一切都依赖昆虫。)”可知，热带栖息地的维护有赖于热带昆虫，因此热带昆虫的灭绝是热带栖息地的一场重大灾难，This指代“Insects becoming extinct(昆虫灭绝)”。故选D。 答案　D 6．Why are tropical species more likely harmed by climate change? A．The fitness of crops they feed on is declining. B．They can hardly stand up to temperature changes. C．Their living environment has been greatly damaged. D．The amount of warming is not steady in the tropics. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“We have found that a rise...on the survival of a wide variety of important insects.”和第三段中“Many tropical species can only accept a narrow range of temperatures”可知，许多热带物种只能接受有限的温度范围，温度仅上升1℃或2℃就可能带来巨大灾难，说明热带物种几乎经不起温度的变化，故选B。 答案　B 7．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The significance of the research. B．The challenge facing the researchers. C.Predictions about the impacts of global warming. D．Suggestions on how to preserve tropical regions. 解析　主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“As well as the danger to insects, the research confirms...have a serious impact on tropical regions, particularly on food crops.(这项研究证实，除了对昆虫的威胁外，全球变暖还会带来其他后果，也可能对热带地区，尤其是粮食作物产生严重影响。)”及“but they are harder to predict”可知，最后一段不仅介绍了全球变暖对热带昆虫的不利影响，还表明全球变暖产生的变化会影响到热带地区的植物(但很难预测)，C项“关于全球变暖影响的预测。”能概括本段大意。 答案　C 8．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To solve a problem. B．To give practical advice. C．To report a coming event. D．To present a research result. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“based on my research”，第二段中“We have found that”，第三段中的“Now our study shows that”和最后一段中“the research confirms that”可推断出，本文的写作目的是在展示研究结果，故选D。 答案　D Ⅱ.完形填空 An elderly woman is crediting her neighbor's 4-year-old dog with saving her life during last week's dangerously cold temperatures. Tim Curfman was 1 his garbage with his dog Midnight when he felt its 2 was unusual.It had its ears held up looking at him.It didn't 3 do that.Curfman got the feeling that something was 4 ．So he observed how his dog was acting and 5 it to a spot on the other side of his house.There, he saw his 87-year-old neighbor, Noreen, 6 in the snow.She was trying to fill her bird feeder when she fell. Curfman 7 she was out there at least half an hour.She could not get up because she didn't have enough 8 to push herself up, and there was nothing around the corner to get a 9 of, either.The temperature was one degree below zero, but Curfman and Midnight were able to 10 her quickly. Noreen, who didn't have serious injuries, was lucky to 11 frostbite(冻伤)even though her clothes were wet.Curfman called his wife and they together helped his neighbor up from the snow and into her 12 ， where his wife helped the elderly woman get into 13 clothes. Noreen was 14 to Midnight for saving her life.“I am 15 of my dog，” Curfman said in an interview. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Curfman和他的狗Midnight发现了跌倒在雪地里的邻居老太太并救助了她的故事。 1．A.sending out B．taking out C．picking out D．handing out 解析　考查动词短语辨析。根据空后名词garbage(垃圾)可知，Tim Curfman带着他的狗Midnight去倒垃圾。take out“扔，带出去”符合文意。send out散发；pick out挑选；hand out分发，给予。 答案　B 2．A.sound B．attention C．behavior D．appearance 解析　考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“It had its ears held up looking at him.”可知，狗把耳朵竖起来看着他。因此狗的行为(behavior)有些异常。sound声音；attention注意力；appearance外貌。 答案　C 3．A.normally B．suddenly C．really D．daily 解析　考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“unusual”可知，狗那么做并不正常，故选normally。suddenly突然地；really实际上；daily日常地。 答案　A 4．A.down B．in C．out D．up 解析　考查介词词义辨析。根据上文狗的异常行为可知，Curfman感觉到一定是有事情发生了。be up意为“(不好的事情)发生”，符合语境。 答案　D 5．A.trained B．drove C．walked D．followed 解析　考查动词词义辨析。根据空前“So he observed how his dog was acting”可知followed符合语境。他观察狗的行为，并跟着(follow)它到他房子的另一边。train训练；drive驾驶，驱使；walk走路，遛(狗)。 答案　D 6．A.lying B．moving C．playing D．standing 解析　考查动词词义辨析。根据空后“She was trying to fill her bird feeder when she fell.”和第三段中“She could not get up”可知，lying符合语境。 答案　A 7．A.guessed B．feared C．argued D．explained 解析　考查动词词义辨析。Curfman猜测(guess)她至少在外面待了半个小时。fear害怕，畏惧；argue争论；explain解释。 答案　A 8．A.time B．space C．strength D．courage 解析　考查名词词义辨析。根据Noreen的年龄(87-year-old)和常识可判断，strength符合语境。Noreen之所以躺在雪地里起不来是因为她太年老了，没有足够的力气(strength)站起来。 答案　C 9．A.view B．hold C．taste D．command 解析　考查名词词义辨析。本句解释她躺在雪地里没有站起来的原因，除了没有力气之外，应该是没有东西可以让她抓住(hold)并站起来。view视野，观点；taste味道，品味；command命令。 答案　B 10．A.remind B．report C．find D．visit 解析　考查动词词义辨析。当时的温度是零下一度，但Curfman和Midnight还是很快发现(find)她。remind提醒；report报告，报道；visit拜访，参观。 答案　C 11．A.face B．fight C．avoid D．suffer 解析　考查动词词义辨析。根据空前“who didn't have serious injuries”和lucky可推断，Noreen没有受重伤，避免了(avoid)被冻伤。face面对；fight与……做斗争；suffer遭受。 答案　C 12．A.car B．garden C．yard D．home 解析　考查名词词义辨析。根据空后“where his wife helped the elderly woman get into 13 clothes”可推测，他们把老人送回了她的家里(home)，帮她换了衣服。car汽车；garden花园；yard院子。 答案　D 13．A.dry B．clean C．old D．beautiful 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。根据前文“her clothes were wet”可知，老人的衣服湿了，因此应该帮老人换上干的(dry)衣服。clean干净的；old旧的，老的；beautiful漂亮的。 答案　A 14．A.grateful B．close C．rude D．polite 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。根据空后“for saving her life”可知，Noreen对Midnight的救命之恩非常感激(grateful)。close亲密的，靠近的；rude粗鲁的，无礼的；polite礼貌的。 答案　A 15．A.afraid B．tired C．ashamed　 D．proud 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。根据前文“An elderly woman is crediting her neighbor's 4-year-old dog with saving her life”可知，狗救了老人的命，所以Curfman为他的狗感到自豪(proud)。be afraid of害怕；be tired of 厌倦；be ashamed of为……感到羞愧。 答案　D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$